cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observation of 4×10−17 cm harmonic displacement using a 10 GHz superconducting parametric converter

Abstract In 1978 Pegoraro et al. suggested that superconducting coupled cavities could be used as a sensitive detector of gravitational effects. We have constructed such a detector which operates as a parametric converter transducer in the 10 GHz frequency range. The detector responds to harmonic perturbations at its resonant frequency Δƒ ∼ 1 MHz and we have demonstrated that it has a sensitivity to fractional deformations of order δx x = 4 × 10 -18 . This was achieved by observing effective displacements of the end-wall of order 4 × 10-17 cm using a bandwidth of 10-3 Hz. Further improvement in sensitivity is possible.
Urinary excretion of adrenaline metabolites in man during intervals of 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 10 minutes after intravenous injection of adrenaline

Abstract Six subjects were injected i.v. within 1 min with 4.8 μc (34 μg) of DL-adrenaline-2- 14 C. The urine was collected via an indwelling catheter at 2 min and 5 min after injection and thereafter at 10-min intervals for 1 hr, and continued for 6 and 24 hr. Urinary adrenaline and its metabolic products were separated and identified by means of column fractionation and paper chromatography. The radioactivity of each metabolite was measured by liquid scintillation. The basic metabolites, including adrenaline, are metadrenaline and an unknown. The acidic metabolites are: 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol; sulfate conjugate of metadrenaline; glucuronic acid conjugate of metadrenaline; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid; 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol sulfate and several unknowns. No radioactivity was recovered during the 0 to 2-min post injection period. However, the highest percentage of recovered adrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid appeared in the 2 to 5-min postinjection period. The greatest amount and the highest percentage of radioactivity recovered as metadrenaline appeared 5 to 10 min after injection. In terms of total radioactivity the amounts of adrenaline, metadrenaline, and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid so rapidly decline that by 30 min after injection these compounds each represent less than 3.5 per cent. Concomitant with this decline there is a rapid increase in the radioactivity of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid such that by 20 min after injection it represents more than 50 per cent of the total radioactivity found in the urine; after 40 min this metabolite begins to decrease. There is a gradual increase in the metadrenaline sulfate; in the 6 to 24 hr period it represents 53.0 ± 1.6 per cent of the total radioactivity. The importance of understanding the early formation of these adrenaline metabolites is emphasized, and the probable mechanisms involved in the metabolism and inactivation of circulating adrenaline are discussed.
Comets and interstellar masers

RECENT advances in our understanding of the origin of the Solar System have led to renewed speculation on the origin of comets1,2. Oort3 proposed that long-period comets originate in a cometary cloud about 105 AU from the Sun and Cameron4 has suggested that this cloud has its origin in association with the primordial solar nebula. Other investigators have placed the origin in the interstellar medium5.
Degradation of AMPK by a Cancer-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master sensor and regulator of cellular energy status. Upon metabolic stress, AMPK suppresses anabolic and promotes catabolic processes to regain energy homeostasis. Cancer cells can occasionally suppress the growth-restrictive AMPK pathway by mutation of an upstream regulatory kinase. Here, we describe a widespread mechanism to suppress AMPK through its ubiquitination and degradation by the cancer-specific MAGE-A3/6-TRIM28 ubiquitin ligase. MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A6 are highly similar proteins normally expressed only in the male germline but frequently re-activated in human cancers. MAGE-A3/6 are necessary for cancer cell viability and are sufficient to drive tumorigenic properties of non-cancerous cells. Screening for targets of MAGE-A3/6-TRIM28 revealed that it ubiquitinates and degrades AMPKα1. This leads to inhibition of autophagy, activation of mTOR signaling, and hypersensitization to AMPK agonists, such as metformin. These findings elucidate a germline mechanism commonly hijacked in cancer to suppress AMPK.
Direct Imaging of the Atomic Structure and Chemistry of Defects and Interfaces by Z-Contrast Stem

Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is a fundamentally new approach to high-resolution imaging which provides unambiguous, compositionally sensitive images on the atomic scale. Such images are intuitively interpretable, even in thick regions of the sample, tremendously simplifying determination of the structure and chemistry of defects and interfaces. To illustrate this, examples are presented of commonly observed planar defects in laser-ablated thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-x. Film/substrate interfaces are shown to be chemically diffuse on the atomic scale and steps or undulations in the substrate need not result in defects in the film. Low-angle grain boundaries are found to be chemically clean, the drastic reductions in critical currents with tilt angle being due to the array of intrinsic structural defects comprising the boundary.
An Overview of the BlueGene/L Supercomputer

This paper gives an overview of the BlueGene/L Supercomputer. This is a jointly funded research partnership between IBM and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as part of the United States Department of Energy ASCI Advanced Architecture Research Program. Application performance and scaling studies have recently been initiated with partners at a number of academic and government institutions, including the San Diego Supercomputer Center and the California Institute of Technology. This massively parallel system of 65,536 nodes is based on a new architecture that exploits system-on-a-chip technology to deliver target peak processing power of 360 teraFLOPS (trillion floating-point operations per second). The machine is scheduled to be operational in the 2004--2005 time frame, at price/performance and power consumption/performance targets unobtainable with conventional architectures.
Phases of cold, dense quarks at large N(c)

Abstract In the limit of a large number of colors, N c , we suggest that gauge theories can exhibit several distinct phases at nonzero temperature and quark density. Two are familiar: a cold, dilute phase of confined hadrons, where the pressure is ∼1, and a hot phase of deconfined quarks and gluons, with pressure ∼ N c 2 . When the quark chemical potential μ ∼ 1 , the deconfining transition temperature, T d , is independent of μ . For T T d , as μ increases above the mass threshold, baryons quickly form a dense phase where the pressure is ∼ N c . As illustrated by a Skyrme crystal, chiral symmetry can be both spontaneously broken, and then restored, in the dense phase. While the pressure is ∼ N c , like that of (non-ideal) quarks, the dense phase is still confined, with interactions near the Fermi surface those of baryons, and not of quarks. Thus in the chirally symmetric region, baryons near the Fermi surface are parity doubled. We suggest possible implications for the phase diagram of QCD.
The Analysis of Uranium Alloys Using a Hollow Cathode

This paper describes investigations that have been made with the Schuller-Gollnow water-cooled hollow-cathode tube for the purpose of using it as an analytical source to analyze fuel materials employed in nuclear reactors. A number of unirradiated normal and enriched uranium alloys have been tested with the above tube using a 21-ft, Wadsworth, Jarrell-Ash grating spectrograph and photographic plates. Results obtained for molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium, in the range of 2.5, 2.0, 0.3, and 0.2% respectively, compare favorably with the point-to-plane technique.
Coronary care unit triage decision aids: How do we know when they work?

Decision aids for coronary care unit (CCU) triage of patients with suspected or known acute cardiac ischemia or myocardial infarction have attracted increasing attention from clinicians and the health care industry. In this issue, Weingarten and colleagues [1] at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center report their evaluation of two decision aids [2, 3] out of a growing number of such tools [2-9]
Hopelessness as a predictor of depressive symptoms for breast cancer patients coping with recurrence.

Objective The Hopelessness Theory of Depression provides the framework to test feelings of hopelessness and social support as predictors of depressive symptoms in women recently diagnosed with a recurrence of breast cancer.
Observation of stimulated emission by direct three-photon excitation

Multiphoton processes, predicted theoretically in 1931, were for a long time considered to be mainly of academic interest. This view changed when it was shown that a two-photon absorption process could, because of a quadratic dependence of excitation on intensity, produce a spatially confined excitation useful for three-dimensional data storage and imaging. Two-photon absorption has received considerable attention recently because of the development of highly efficient two-photon-sensitive materials, leading to numerous technological applications. These successes have created interest in exploring applications based on three-photon excitations. For a three-photon process, a longer excitation wavelength such as those common in optical communications can be used. Also, the cubic dependence of the three-photon process on the input light intensity provides a stronger spatial confinement, so that a higher contrast in imaging can be obtained. Here we report the observation of a highly directional and up-converted stimulated emission as an amplified spontaneous emission, produced in an organic chromophore solution by a strong simultaneous three-photon absorption at 1.3 microm. This achievement suggests opportunities for a three-photon process in frequency-upconversion lasing, short-pulse optical communications, and the emerging field of biophotonics.
Regulation of Antiprotease and Antimicrobial Protein Secretion by Airway Submucosal Gland Serous Cells

Airway submucosal gland serous cells express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and secrete antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant molecules. In cystic fibrosis, diminished gland secretion may impair innate airway host defenses. We used Calu-3 cells as a serous cell model to study the types of proteins released, the pathways that release them, and the possible involvement of CFTR activity in protein release. Many proteins were secreted constitutively into the apical fluid and showed increased release to agonists. We identified some of them by high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and reverse transcriptase PCR, including lysozyme, siderocalin (the protein NGAL), which inhibits bacterial growth by binding iron-containing siderophores, HSC-71, which is thought to have anti-inflammatory properties, and the serine protease inhibitors alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, which may function as antimicrobials as well as play a potential role in diminishing the activation of epithelial Na(+) channels by serine proteases. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify lysozyme secretion by Calu-3 cells in response to various agonists and inhibitors. Forskolin increased the lysozyme secretion rate (J(lyz)) from 32 to 77 ng/hr/cm(2) (n = 36, p < 0.005). Thapsigargin increased J(lyz) from 40 to 63 ng/h/cm(2) (n = 16, p < 0.005), and forskolin plus thapsigargin further increased the forskolin-stimulated J(lyz) by 48% (n = 9, p < 0.05). 1-Ethyl-benzimidazolinone and carbachol were less effective. Glibenclamide inhibited basal and stimulated J(lyz), but clotrimazole was without effect. CFTR(inh)172 caused a small (15%) but significant inhibition of forskolin-stimulated J(lyz) without affecting basal J(lyz). Thus, Calu-3 cells secrete diverse proteins that in aggregate would be expected to suppress microbial growth, protect the airways from damage, and limit the activation of epithelial Na(+) channels via serine proteases.
The Use of Adaptive Blocks in the Design of Clinical Trials

This paper introduces a class of data-dependent allocation rules for use in sequential clinical trials designed to choose the better of two competing treatments, or to decide that they are of equal efficacy. These readily understood and easily implemented rules are shown to reduce, substantially the number of tests with the poorer treatment for a broad category of experimental situations. Allocation rules of this type are applied both to trials with an instantaneous binomial response and to delayed response trials where interest centers on exponentially distributed survival time. In each case, a comparison of this design with alternative designs given in the literature shows that the proposed design is superior with respect to ease of application and is comparable to the alternatives regarding inferior treatment number and average sample number. In addition, the proposed rules mitigate many of the difficulties generally associated with adaptive assignment rules, such as selection and systematic bias.
Deuterium and the baryonic density of the universe

Abstract Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is the creation of the light nuclei, deuterium, 3 He , 4 He and 7Li during the first few minutes of the universe. Here we discuss recent measurements of the D to H abundance ratio, D/H, in our galaxy and towards quasars. We have achieved an order of magnitude improvement in the precision of the measurement of primordial D/H, using the HIRES spectrograph on the W. M. Keck telescope to measure D in gas with very nearly primordial abundances towards quasars. From 1994 to 1996, it appeared that there could be a factor of 10 range in primordial D/H, but today four examples of low D are secure. High D/H should be much easier to detect, and since there are no convincing examples, it must be extremely rare or non-existent. All data are consistent with a single low value for D/H, and the examples which are consistent with high D/H are readily interpreted as H contamination near the position of D. The new D/H measurements give the most accurate value for the baryon-to-photon ratio, η, and hence the cosmological baryon density. A similar density is required to explain the amount of Lyα absorption from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) at redshift z≃3, and to explain the fraction of baryons in local clusters of galaxies. The D/H measurements lead to predictions for the abundances of the other light nuclei, which generally agree with measurements. The remaining differences with some measurements can be explained by a combination of measurement and analysis errors or changes in the abundances after BBN. The measurements do not require physics beyond the standard BBN model. Instead, the agreement between the abundances is used to limit the non-standard physics.
Crossed molecular beam study on the reaction of boron atoms, B(2Pj), with allene, H2CCCH2(X1A1).

The reaction of ground state boron atoms, 11B(2Pj), with allene, H2CCCH2(X1A1), was studied under single collision conditions at a collision energy of 21.5 kJ mol-1 utilizing the crossed molecular beam technique; the experimental data were combined with electronic structure calculations on the 11BC3H4 potential energy surface. The chemical dynamics were found to be indirect and initiated by an addition of the boron atom to the π-electron density of the allene molecule leading ultimately to a cyclic reaction intermediate. The latter underwent ring-opening to yield an acyclic intermediate H2CCBCH2. As derived from the center-of-mass functions, this structure was long-lived with respect to its rotational period and decomposed via an atomic hydrogen loss through a tight exit transition state to form the closed shell, C2v symmetric H−C⋮C−BCH2 molecule. A brief comparison of the product isomers formed in the reaction of boron atoms with methylacetylene is also presented.
Comparison of laparoscopic versus open repair of paraesophageal hernia

Abstract Background: Recent reports suggest that laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair (LPHR) is feasible, but no direct comparisons with the standard open paraesophageal hernia repair (OPHR) have been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term outcome of LPHR versus OPHR at a single institution. Methods: The operative and postoperative courses of 95 consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic repair of a paraesophageal hernia (PEH) were retrospectively reviewed, and outcomes of LPHR versus OPHR were compared. Results: PEH was associated with advanced age and significant comorbidity. Although the operative time was increased for LPHR, there was a significant reduction in blood loss, intensive care unit stay, ileus, hospital stay, and overall morbidity associated with LPHR compared with OPHR. Conclusions: PEH is associated with significant comorbidity that increases the operative risk. Short-term outcomes for LPHR are superior to OPHR, suggesting that the laparoscopic approach is the preferred approach to paraesophageal hernia repair.
On the desoxyribonucleic acid content of sea urchin gametes.

Nous avons determine les quantites d'acide desoxyribonucleique contenues dans les spermatozoides et les œufs vierges de l'ourisnParacentrotus lividus. Ces determinations, faites au moyen d'une methode microbiologique pour le dosage de la thymine, ont donne les resultats suivants: sperme 1,0 × 10−6, œuf environ 25 × 10−6 µg d'acide desoxyribonucleique par cellule.
Growth response of cotton to CO2 enrichment in differing light environments

Experiments were conducted to examine the growth responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 315) to CO 2 enrichment under different light regimes. Plants were exposed to 350 or 700 μl l -1 CO 2 and six light treatments differing in photosynthetic period length (8 or 16 h) and in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for 32 days of vegetative growth. Higher PPFD (1 100 μmol m -2 s -1 ) was provided by a combination of high intensity discharge and incandescent lamps
Efficacy of exercise in reducing depressive symptoms across 5-HTTLPR genotypes.

RETHORST, C. D., D. M. LANDERS, C. T. NAGOSHI, and J. T. D. ROSS. Efficacy of Exercise in Reducing Depressive Symptoms across 5-HTTLPR Genotypes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 42, No. 11, pp. 2141–2147, 2010. Introduction: Exercise is effective in the alleviation of depressive symptoms and may have physiological effects similar to those of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Recent research has identified the difference in treatment effects across genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), in which the l allele has been associated with a better response to SSRI compared with the s allele. The purpose of the current research was to examine the antidepressant effects of exercise across 5-HTTLPR genotypes. Methods: Participants, ages 18–23 yr, were randomly assigned to a 5-wk exercise intervention or a no-treatment control group. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory before and after the intervention and provided a saliva sample for DNA analysis. Results: Exercise resulted in a significant reduction in depressive symptoms compared with the control group. In addition, individuals with at least one l allele demonstrated greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared with ss individuals. Conclusions: The effects of exercise on depressive symptoms appear to be moderated by 5-HTTLPR genotype, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the alleviation of depressive symptoms are similar for exercise and SSRI treatment. Furthermore, these findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR
A Theory of Geomagnetic Micropulsations II

A theory of one of several possible mechanisms responsible for micropulsations is presented. It is shown that hydromagnetic waves generated by an instability of the interface between solar wind and magnetosphere are transmitted through the magnetosphere and received on the surface of the earth as micropulsations. The bandwidth of the micropulsations essentially determined by the source mechanism is found to be a few tenths of a second to hundreds of seconds. The important role of the path in the magnetosphere, including that in the outer exosphere in determining the transmission characteristics of micropulsations is analyzed. The crucial role of the slightest variation of the path length in the outer magnetosphere (due to variations in the solar wind) in masking out the resonances of lower exosphere and upper ionosphere is discussed. The resonances in transmission due to the path in outer magnetosphere are seen to be more likely than those of the lower exosphere and upper ionosphere.
Accessory cells reduce lipoprotein suppression of lymphocyte activation.

Abstract Plasma lipoproteins of d ≤1.063 g/ml suppress lymphocyte activation triggered in vitro by polyclonal T cell mitogens. The extent of suppression decreases as the number of accessory cells per culture increases. Accessory cells isolated by glass adherence and by counter-flow centrifugation reduce lipoprotein suppression to the same extent. Modulation of lipoprotein suppression by accessory cells is independent of the amount and type of polyclonal activator. Reduction of lipoprotein suppression requires viable accessory cells and that they be present with lymphocytes, mitogen and lipoproteins during the initial 24-h culture period. It is within this same time period that lipoproteins exert their suppressive effect. Accessory cells isolated from a patient with the homozygous form (receptor-defective) of familial hypercholesterolemia also reduce the extent of lipoprotein suppression, suggesting that modulation is not mediated by the classic low density lipoprotein receptor. There appear to be at least two mechanisms by which accessory cells may alter lipoprotein suppression of T lymphocyte activation: by secretion of a soluble factor, probably not interleukin 1, that decreases the extent of suppression and by direct modification of the population of suppressive lipoproteins. Neither mechanism accounts for the lipoprotein-enhanced activation that occurs when cultures contain approximately equal numbers of T lymphocytes and accessory cells.
Magnetic resonance image analysis

Our intent is to obtain images which most clearly differentiate soft tissue types in Magnetic Resonance Image data. We model the three unknown intrinsic parameter images and the data images as Markov random fields and compare maximum likelihood restorations with two maximum a posteriori (MAP) restorations. The mathematical model of the imaging process is strongly nonlinear in the region of interest, but does not appear to introduce local minima in the resulting constrained multidimensional optimization procedure. The application of non- quadratic prior probabilities however does require global optimization. We have developed a unique approach towards image restoration that produces images with significant improvements when compared to the original data. We have extended previous results that attempt to determine the intrinsic parameters from the MRI data, and have used these intrinsic parameter images to synthesize MR images. MR images with different TE and TR parameters do not require additional use of an MR scanner, since excellent synthetic MR images are obtained using the restored proton density and nuclear relaxation time images.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Expression and ontogeny of murine CD2

CD2 was first defined as the erythrocyte rosetting protein on the surface of human T cells. Recently, the rat and murine homologues have been identified by cDNA cloning. In this report we demonstrate that CD2 is expressed on the surface of most adult murine peripheral lymphocytes and thymocytes by indirect immunofluorescence using an anti-murine CD2 antiserum. The expression of CD2 on murine B cells was unexpected since in rat and human species it has been defined as a T cell-specific marker. Furthermore, CD2 appears very early on fetal thymocytes during development. The level of surface expression increases from day 13 of gestation to day 17, after which the surface density appears to reach a steady state. Thus, CD2 is expressed on day-13 thymocytes at the same stage that Thy-1, Pgp1 and the TcR gamma/delta/CD3 complex have been shown to be expressed.
An estimate of phylogenetic relationships among culicine mosquitoes using a restriction map of the rDNA cistron

Restriction maps of the rDNA cistron of twelve species of mosquitoes in six genera of the subfamily Culicinae were constructed using eight 6 bp recognition restriction enzymes. Anopheles albimanus was used as an outgroup. The size of the rDNA cistron ranged from 8.5 kb in Aedes katherinensis to 12.9 kb in Ae. polynesiensis. A total of twenty-six sites were scored; eighteen were polymorphic among ingroup taxa. The proportion of polymorphic nucleotide sites (Pnuc) was 0.059 and the heterozygosity per nucleotide site (Hnuc) was 0.028. Wagner and Fitch Parsimony, Dollo Parsimony and Nei-Li distance/neighbour-joining methods were used to construct phylogenetic trees. The rDNA RFLP dataset did not provide a well-supported phylogeny among culicine taxa. The RFLP phylogenies are incongruent with the morphology character based and molecular phylogenies and derived relationships did not correspond with current taxonomic classifications. The lack of resolution was due to homoplasy arising from frequent independent loss or gain of restriction sites among unrelated taxa.
Trace element concentrations in summer aerosols at rural sites in New York state and their possible sources

Abstract Eighty five samples of air particulates collected during the summers of 1975–1977 at three rural and one urban sites in New York State were analyzed for up to 13 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Sixteen samples showed high episodic concentrations of several trace elements and sulfate. SO 4 2− , Cr, Zn, As, Se, Br and Sb were distinctly enriched in these aerosols, relative to their crustal abundances. Sc was used as the reference for the crustal component. Episodic and non-episodic events were statistically indistinguishable if only the means and ranges of elemental concentrations and the enrichment factors were considered. However, correlation matrix and factor analysis showed that while non-episodic cases had inexplicably complex factor loading structures, the structure for episodic cases was simple. Episodic events therefore appear to be better indicators of the sources of non-urban aerosols. Five factors were sufficient to account for 87 % of the total variance in the episodic system. When the dependence of the factors on the set of elements was correlated with the elemental emission patterns of probable sources five sources of the trace elements in these aerosols were identified: distant coal-fired power plants (for SO 4 2− , As. Se), refuse incinerators (for Zn, Sb), iron and steel works (for Cr and possibly Fe, Mn). crustal material (for K, Sc, Mn, Fe) and automotive emissions (for Br).
Advanced Echocardiography for the Critical Care Physician: Part 2

This article is the second part of a series that describes practical techniques in advanced critical care echocardiography and their use in the management of hemodynamic instability. Measurement of left ventricular function and segmental wall motion abnormalities, evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures, assessment of right-sided heart function, and determination of preload sensitivity, including passive leg raising, are discussed. Video examples help to demonstrate techniques described in the text.
Recruitment and resilience of a harvested Caribbean octocoral.

Disturbance events are an important component of the ecology of coral reefs and increasingly frequent disturbances coupled with a lack of population resilience may contribute to changes in the structure of coral reef communities. The harvest of the Caribbean octocoral Antillogorgia elisabethae provides an opportunity to explore the relationship between adult abundance and recruitment and the manner in which recruitment contributes to the resilience of local populations. Recruitment of A. elisabethae was monitored in 20, 1-m2 quadrats at 8 sites along the southern edge of the Little Bahama Bank from 2004 through 2007. A. elisabethae has been harvested in The Bahamas for over fifteen years and all of the sites had been harvested three times, including a harvest during the course of the study. Abundances of adult colonies at those sites as well as a location that had not been harvested were also determined. Recruitment was highly variable, differing between sites, transects within sites, and, depending on the site, between years. Recruitment was best correlated with adult abundance averaged across the surrounding site. Regression analyses suggest abundance on smaller scales had only small effects on recruitment. The effects of the harvesting were site specific ranging from a 38 to 67% reduction in the density of mature colonies. The sites with the most abundant A. elisabethae continued to have the highest abundances after harvesting and there was no significant difference in recruitment before and after harvesting. Population size-structure at 6 of 8 sites that have been harvested multiple times exhibited an overall depletion in small colonies suggesting long term suppression of recruitment and declining populations. Severe depression of adult abundances coupled with local recruitment can create a negative feedback and lead to the decline of local populations. Populations that are dependent on self-recruitment are not resilient to large disturbance events.
Forecasting annual excess stock returns via an adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system

In this study, an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a neural network were tested for the ability of these techniques to forecast the annual excess returns of three large publicly traded companies from a time series of said returns. The predictive ability of these techniques was compared with that of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. The Fair–Shiller test was used in the comparisons in order to obtain results that were not subjective and so that conclusions could be made regarding the information used by the techniques in the generation of their forecasts. Since predictive ability does not translate to profitability, a simple trading strategy was used to determine the ability to generate profits from trading upon the forecasts of the respective techniques. As hypothesized, the ANFIS and neural network techniques are able to generate forecasts with significant predictive ability. However, neither technique dominates the other or the ARMA model. In tests of the ability of the techniques to generate profits from their forecasts, a simple trading strategy was used (trading on the predicted sign of the return). The ANFIS and the neural network generated profits in all of the trading scenarios. However, neither technique dominated the other, nor did they consistently outperform the traditional and naive models (strategies). The mixed results in the predictive ability tests and the profitability tests indicate that the conclusions from the study differ based upon the context in which the forecasts are used. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient implementation of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) on embedded media processors

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an excellent candidate for secure embedded multimedia applications due to its small key size and high security protection. The performance profiling of the ECC implementation, such as execution time and data cache stalls, on TriMedia TM1300 and Intel Pentium 4 is conducted in this research. Based on this study, we identify the main bottlenecks of the EEC implementation, and propose some favorable micro-architecture for this application. Moreover, several integer multiplication schemes are presented for the TM1300 processor for performance enhancement. In particular, the FIR-based multiplication is built with the special FIR instruction provided by TM1300. The performance improvement of the proposed schemes is reported and discussed. Overall, we aim at providing a good understanding of the system architecture of secure embedded multimedia applications, hardware and software cryptography implementation with ECC as an example.
Variable region primary structures of monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies from NZB/NZW F1 mice

VH and VL region primary structures of five NZB/NZW F1 derived monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibodies were determined from cloned cDNA. Comparative analysis of VH genes showed that except for two VH genes that shared complete identity the overall VH gene usage was diverse. Comparison of VH genes with those utilized in a variety of antibody responses showed they were generally unique to the autoanti-DNA response although framework homologies allowed assignment of four of five VH genes to existing murine heavy chain gene families. Only one out of five D segments shared homology to existing germline D segments, and all were rearranged to JH3. V kappa genes showed restriction for four of five light chains to the V kappa 1 subgroup. The V kappa 1 subgroup has been shown previously to be utilized in several anti-DNA autoantibodies as well as a variety of antibodies to exogenous antigens. H and L chain amino acid residues associated with the active site of a ssDNA specific autoantibody, 04-01, are discussed based on recently obtained crystallographic data.
Diversity in cloud systems through runtime and compile-time relocation

Cloud computing has become popular in recent years due to the cost and resource savings associated with virtual machines using shared resources. Unfortunately, this mode of operation serves as a vulnerability amplifier because each computer executes multiple versions of the same operating code base carrying the same vulnerabilities. This paper explores techniques for the system's run-time loader to generate diversity from a single binary source. In addition, we describe compile-time techniques that can augment and enhance the diversity gained through the run-time system alone. Collectively, the techniques randomize the code and data of the binary eliminating vulnerability amplification. Entropy is used as a measure of diversity and we explore the entropy gained by the techniques under several different assumptions concerning the attackers knowledge of the system. The techniques have been implemented into Bear, a from-scratch hypervisor and microkernel designed to run military cloud applications that require resilience.
Radiation exposure as a possible etiologic factor in hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis)

The frequency of prior occupational, accidental, or therapeutic radiation exposure was significantly higher for hairy cell leukemia patients than for a control group of solid tumor patients (8/23 vs. 4/56, P < 0.01). Hairy cell leukemia patients were also more frequently involved in occupations at high risk of radiation exposure such as chemist, engineer, physicist, and health care facility worker (7/23 vs. 4/56, P < 0.01). The observation that the incidence of thyroid disorders among hairy cell leukemia patients was also unusually high (5/23 vs. 2/56, P < 0.05) was interpreted as further indirect evidence of excessive radiation exposure. It appears that radiation exposure may be an important contribution factor in the development of some case of hairy cell leukemia.
A study of the propagation, dynamics, and extinguishment of cellular flames using microgravity techniques

The characteristics of premixed gas flames in mixtures with low Lewis numbers, free of natural convection effects, were investigated and found to be dominated by diffusive-thermal instabilities. For sufficiently reactive mixtures, cellular structures resulting from these instabilities were observed and found to spawn new cells in regular patterns. For less reactive mixtures, cells formed shortly after ignition but did not spawn new cells; instead these cells evolved into a flame structure composed of stationary, apparently stable spherical flamelets. As a result of these phenomena, well-defined flammability limits were not observed. The experimental results are found to be in qualitative agreement with a simple analytical model based on the interaction of heat release due to chemical reaction, differential diffusion of thermal energy and mass, flame front curvature, and heat losses due to gas radiation.
A new, highly unusual shift of hydrogen-like spectral lines in dense plasmas

Abstract We present a new theoretical contribution to the shift of hydrogen-like spectral lines called a dipole ionic–electronic shift (DIES). Its main feature is a highly nonlinear, sign-varying dependence on the electron density, which distinguishes the DIES from the previously known shifts. The DIES has been already experimentally confirmed for the Balmer-alpha line of hydrogen emitted from a laser-produced underwater plasma. We show that for hydrogen-like lines of multicharged ions in plasmas approaching non-ideality, the DIES is practically as important as for hydrogen lines.
Redefinition of system III longitude

Abstract There is a current need for a redefinition of the Jovian System III longitude measure. We report on a proposed new definition which has been widely circulated among users and has met with general acceptance. Some errors in current calculations of System III [1957.0] are not noted so that these errors can be avoided in future calculations.
Studies on the Ventilation in Submerged Fermentations

As the basic research for the study of mechanism of ventilation in submerged fermentations, the formula of carbon dioxide in the liquid phase was investigated. Carbon dioxide in liquid phase was mainly classified into two groups. One was a gaseous form and the other was a dissociated form. Carbon dioxide was considered to be a weak acids when it dissociated into ionic form, and the dissociation of carbon dioxide was expressed in Henderson-Hasselbalch’s equation. The results in this study showed that those rules concerning the dissolution and dissociation of carbon dioxide held for a model liquid system.
Ultrastructure of type-I salivary-gland acini in four species of ticks and the influence of hydration states on the type-I acini of Amblyomma americanum.

We describe the ultrastructure of type-I salivary-gland acini in two argasid and two ixodid species. The basic cell types in the agranular or type-I acini, and their associations, are very similar in argasids and ixodids; therefore, we propose an anatomical nomenclature for cells in the type-I acinus based on the adult ixodidsAmblyomma americanum andDermacentor variabilis, and the argasid adultArgas (Persicargas) arboreus and on nymphalOrnithodoros moubata. Four cell types were present in all specimens: one central lamellate cell, a variable number of peripheral lamellate cells, a variable number of peritubular cells depending on the species, and one circumlumenal cell. The lamellate cells had infolded basal plasma membranes that presented an amplified surface area to the hemolymph. These cells most likely secreted the fluid involved in water vapor uptake by ticks. ForAmblyomma americanum females, abundant K+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase complexes were located on the infolded basal plasma membranes of the lamellate cells. Apical membranes of the lamellate cells, and plasma membranes of other cell types in the acinus had little or no evidence of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Only the central lamellate cell extended from the hemolymph of the acinus to its lumen; peripheral cells did not contact the lumen. Except when the ticks were rehydrating, lipid inclusions were common features in the lamellate cells of the ixodids. Lipid inclusions were not seen in argasid type I acini; however, glycogen deposits were common. To determine if acinar cells respond to the changing hydration state of the tick, unfed femaleA. americanum were subjected to dehydration/rehydrating conditions. During rehydration, mitochondria in the lamellate cells changed from a matrix of medium electron-density and intermembrane space (orthodox configuration) to a matrix of greater density and larger intermembrane space (condensed configuration). The orthodox configuration was consistently observed in control and dehydrating ticks. The condensed configuration was the norm for mitochondria in lamellate cells of rehydrating ticks. Lipid inclusions were depleted in the rehydrating ticks compared to control or dehydrating ticks. Acini appeared to be reverting to the control or desiccated state when ticks were returned to low humidity, suggesting that these changes were cyclical. Nymphs ofO. moubata subjected to the same dehydration/rehydrating conditions showed no obvious ultrastructural changes.
Cerebellum: essential involvement in the classically conditioned eyelid response

Classical conditioning of the eyelid response in the rabbit was used to investigate the neuronal structures mediating basic associative learning of discrete, adaptive responses. Lesions of the ipsilateral dentate-interpositus nuclei, but not of the cerebellar cortex, abolished the learned eyeblink response. Recordings from these nuclei have revealed neuronal responses related to the learning of the response. Stimulating these recording sites produced the eyelid response. The dentate-interpositus nuclei were concluded to be critically involved in the learning and production of classically conditioned responses.
One- and two-dimensional copper benzenedicarboxylate coordination polymers incorporating the flexible tethering diimine N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine: Synthesis, structure, and thermal properties

Abstract A family of three copper benzenedicarboxylate coordination polymers has been constructed using the conformationally flexible and hydrogen-bonding capable tethering ligand N,N′-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine (3-bpmp). These three coordination polymers have been characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. {[Cu(ph)(Hph)(H3-bpmp)(H2O)] · 3H2O} (1, ph = phthalate) manifests a 1-D chain motif held into a pseudo 3-D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonding. While both {[Cu(ip)(3-bpmp)(H2O)] · 2H2O} (2, ip = isophthalate) and [Cu(tp)(3-bpmp)] (3, tp = terephthalate) exhibit 2-D (4,4) rhomboid grid-like layers, they possess different layer stacking patterns and supramolecular interactions due to coordination geometry variances.
Validity of the uniform double layer in the solution of the ECG forward problem

This study attempted to solve the electrocardiographic forward problem (ie, to predict body surface potential fields from pathways of depolarization). A perfused heart was suspended in a cylinder and surrounded with fluid of the conductivity of the lung. Computation of potential fields included conductivity and boundary effects and assumed a uniform double-layer source. Three instants (early, late, and mid QRS) during normal depolarization and one instant during a stimulated beat were studied. There was good qualitative agreement between recorded and predicted fields early and late in the QRS and during the stimulated beat, but there were quantitative differences. The cardiac generator was far stronger late in the QRS. In mid QRS, the agreement between recorded and predicted fields was very poor. To resolve questions raised in this study, potentials around a small volume of stimulated tissue were recorded and predicted. Recorded potentials were compared with potentials calculated (1) on the assumption that the cardiac generator is a uniform double layer and (2) on the assumption that all current flows along the long axes of the cardiac fibers. The recorded potentials compared most favorably with the second of these. These studies led to the opinion that the uniform double-layer assumption is inadequate for prediction of body surface potential fields from depolarization pathways. Other studies of the forward and inverse problem that assume a uniform double-layer source are considered to be successful and therefore disagree with this study's conclusion. It appears that the question needs further experimental study.
Developmental plasticity of multisensory circuitry: how early experience dictates cross-modal interactions.

Normal sensory experience is necessary for the development of multisensory processing, such that disruption through environmental manipulations eliminates or alters multisensory integration. In thi...
Origins of Attachment: Maternal Interactive Behavior across the First Year

This study built on attachment theory and previous research in examining the interactional origins of the secure, insecure-resistant, and insecure-avoidant patterns of attachment. Maternal sensitive responsivity, rejection, and activity were the focus of repeated naturalistic observations when infants were 1, 4, and 9 months of age; quality of attachment was assessed at 1 year. Mothers of secure 1-year-olds were observed to be more sensitively responsive at 1 and 4 months and less rejecting at 1 and 9 months than mothers of insecure infants. Mothers of insecure-avoidant infants were more rejecting at 9 months, whereas mothers of insecure-resistant infants were least sensitively responsive and most rejecting at 1 month; the insecure groups were also differentiated on the basis of patterns of change from 1 to 9 months, with mothers of resistant infants becoming less rejecting and mothers of avoidant infants becoming more rejecting relative to other mothers.
Toward Welding Robot With Human Knowledge: A Remotely-Controlled Approach

This paper presents a remotely controlled welding scheme that enables transformation of human welder knowledge into a welding robot. In particular, a 6-DOF UR-5 industrial robot arm is equipped with sensors to observe the welding process, including a compact 3D weld pool surface sensing system and an additional camera to provide direct view of the work-piece. Human welder operates a virtual welding torch, whose motion is tracked by a Leap sensor. To remotely operate the robot based on the motion information from the Leap sensor, a predictive control approach is proposed to accurately track the human motion by controlling the speed of the robot arm movement. Tracking experiments are conducted to track both simulated movement with varying speed and actual human hand movement. It is found that the proposed predictive controller is able to track human hand movement with satisfactory accuracy. A welding experiment has also been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed remotely-controlled welding system. A foundation is thus established to realize teleoperation and help transfer human knowledge to the welding robot.
Trends in Security Product Evaluations

Government-endorsed security evaluations, like those performed under the Common Criteria (CC), use established techniques of software quality assurance to try to evaluate product security. Despite high costs and disputed benefits, the number of evaluated products has grown dramatically since 2001, doubling between 2003 and 2005 and leaping again in 2006. Using details from more than 860 security evaluations, this paper looks at the types of products evaluated, the "assurance levels" achieved, where the evaluations occur, and ongoing participation by product vendors. These observations are combined with other lessons learned to make recommendations on product evaluation strategies.