cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-resolution cross-section measurements for production of the 0.478-MeV gamma ray from the 9Be(n, xγ)7Li reaction for neutron energies between 12 and 200 MeV with insight into the 10Be level scheme

Because of the low-energy threshold and relatively large cross section of the {sup 9}Be(n,2n) reaction, beryllium is a very attractive neutron multiplier for some fast-neutron systems, such as those used in the production of fusion energy. But, tritium is also produced when beryllium is irradiated with 14-MeV neutrons emitted from the fusion of deuterium and tritium ions. Among the two exit channels of the {sup 9}Be(n,t){sup 7}Li reaction of {approx}14-MeV incident-neutron energy, the {sup 9}Be(n,t{sub 1}{gamma}){sup 7}Li channel also emits a 0.478-MeV gamma ray. The purpose of the present study is to measure the cross section for the {sup 9}Be(n,t{sub 1}{gamma}){sup 7}Li reaction and also that of the more general {sup 9}Be(n,x{gamma}){sup 7}Li reaction with the production of the same 0.478-MeV gamma ray for incident-neutron energies from the 12-MeV threshold to 200 MeV. Because the {sup 7}Li levels excited above 0.478 MeV are unstable against particle emission, the study of the {sup 9}Be(n,t{sub 1}{gamma}){sup 7}Li reaction gives direct access to the cross section for the formation of {sup 7}Li* in its 0.478-MeV excited state. The few previous experimental data for this reaction are restricted to incident-neutron energies of {approx}14 MeV with large discrepancies between the results. The present data aremore » obtained with a BeO sample, using the pulsed source of high-energy neutrons of the Weapons Neutron Research Facility (WNR) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The 478-keV gamma rays emitted in {sup 9}Be(n,x{gamma}){sup 7}Li reactions are detected with two high-resolution Ge detectors. The data thus obtained are presented and compared with previous data on the {sup 9}Be(n,t{sub 1}{gamma}){sup 7}Li and the {sup 9}Be(n,t){sup 7}Li reactions. Examination of the present data also provides insight into the {sup 10}Be level scheme.« less
Abstract A28: Investigation of tumor-cell-intrinsic factors regulating immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

Resistance to immunotherapy is one major problem of current clinical care for cancer patients. While T-cell abundance is essential for tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy, factors that dictate T-cell infiltration in tumor microenvironments are not fully understood. To understand the tumor cell-intrinsic factors underlying the heterogeneity of tumor immunity and sensitivity to immunotherapy, we established a new experimental system by generating a library of congenic pancreatic tumor cell clones from a genetic mouse model driven by mutant Kras and p53. These tumor cell clones robustly formed implanted tumors that recapitulated the T cell-inflamed and non-T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironments in human patients, associated with distinct patterns of infiltration by T cells and myeloid cells. We found that the non-T cell-inflamed phenotype was dominant over the T cell-inflamed phenotype in the local tumor microenvironment. Both quantitative and qualitative features, specifically expression of markers of prior TCR activation, of intratumoral CD8+ T cells predicted the response to immunotherapies. An integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis revealed that tumor cell-intrinsic expression of the chemokine CXCL1 as a major determinant of the non-T cell-inflamed microenvironment, and ablation of tumor cell-intrinsic CXCL1 promoted T-cell infiltration and sensitivity to a combination of chemotherapies, CD40 agonist, and checkpoint blockades. Similarly, we identified tumor cell-intrinsic EPHA2 and PTGS2 as key regulators of immune infiltration and immunotherapy response in our experimental system. Ablation of tumor cell-intrinsic EPHA2 or PTGS2 enhanced T-cell infiltration and suppressed myeloid cell infiltration in implanted pancreatic tumors, and increased sensitivities of tumors to the combined immunotherapy. These results demonstrated that heterogeneity of tumor immune phenotypes is driven by tumor cell-intrinsic factors that can be manipulated to influence the outcome of immunotherapies. The observation that non-T cell-inflamed phenotype is dominant emphasized the importance of targeting mechanisms driving T-cell low phenotype for improving immunotherapy response. Citation Format: Jinyang Li, Katelyn T Byrne, Nune Markosyan, Taiji Yamazoe, Fangxue Yan, Zeyu Chen, Yu H. Sun, Jeffrey Lin, Yogev Sela, Robert J. Norgard, Salina Yuan, Allyson J. Merrell, John W. Tobias, Robert H. Vonderheide, Ben Z. Stanger. Investigation of tumor-cell-intrinsic factors regulating immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Full-field flash electroretinogram following up for children with history of pre-threshold or threshold retinopathy of prematurity

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of electroretinagram (EGR) in children with history of pre-threshold or threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods A total of 24 children (48 eyes) with history of pre-threshold ROP or threshold ROP received F-ERG examination.Ten age and body weight-matched children with a history of premature birth (20 eyes) but without ROP were recruited as control group.The rod response,maximal rod-cone response and cone response of F-ERG were recorded respectively following the International Standard Protocal of ISCEV (2000 version).The latency and amplitude of a-wave and b-wave of various responses were analyzed.The trial was approved by the Ethic Committee of Hunan Children's Hospital and informed consent was obtained from the parents of patients prior to any medical procedure.Results There was significant difference between ROP and control group in rod response,the latency was longer (t=5.643,P＜0.05) and the amplitude was lower in ROP group(t=7.068,P＜0.05).In maximal rod-cone response both in a and b wave,the latency wave was longer(t=3.099,2.886;P＜0.05) and the amplitude was lower(t=5.614,2.850;P＜0.05) in ROP group.But there is no difference between ROP and control group in cone response latency(t=0.819,0.948)and amplitude (t=0.904,0.850).Conclusion ERG in ROP children with history of pre-threshold or threshold ROP is abnormal,which mainly in rod response,but the cone response remains normal. Key words: Vision, ocular/physiology; Retinopathy of prematurity/physiology; Electroretinography
Private Antibody Repertoires Are Public

When faced with a given pathogen, the antibody response generally functions similarly across different people,1-4 but the source of this similarity has been unclear. One hypothesis was that people share a high proportion of the same VDJ-recombined antibody genes, but this has been disproven.5,6 An alternative is that people share a high proportion of functionally similar antibodies,7,8 but testing this hypothesis requires a method for measuring functional similarity that scales to the millions of antibodies per repertoire and across multiple repertoires, which is impossible experimentally. We recently described a framework for doing so computationally,9 which revealed that repertoires consist of loose overlapping functional classes of antibodies with similar antigen-binding capacities;10-12 this framework allowed us to estimate a repertoires antigen-binding capacity,{tau} , for the ideal target of any given antibody. Here, we show that this framework supports the second hypothesis, and provide the first comprehensive demonstration of overwhelming functional overlap between repertoires from 20 different individuals directly from sequence, without need of binding studies. Overlap is highest among the young and falls with age, due to the selective loss of antibodies that represent a core set of shared or "public" antigen-binding capacities. We reveal considerable heterogeneity in antigen-binding capacities for antibodies against influenza, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2, and show that while some of these classes shrink with age, others persist across individuals. These discoveries change our understanding of repertoire diversity and have implications for vaccine and therapeutic-antibody development, especially for the aged.
Attachment and sleep: A dyadic intensive longitudinal actigraphy study:

Attachment and sleep are linked across the lifespan, but attachment regulation of sleep among couples is understudied. This study aimed to replicate and extend prior research by testing whether rom...
Correlates of the Number Shot and Killed in Active Shooter Events

Active shooter events have captured the public’s attention since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999. Although there has been research on various aspects of these events, only a single study...
The Social Security Windfall Elimination Provision: Issues and Replacement Alternatives

The Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) reduces the Social Security benefits of individuals who would otherwise receive a full benefit based on earnings in Social Security–covered employment as well as pension income from noncovered employment. Since the WEP was established in 1983, critics have asserted that it overcorrects the would-be windfall for affected beneficiaries and is difficult to administer. This article considers two WEP replacement options that would modify the benefit calculation methodology. It compares the current WEP with the two options and discusses some of the possible effects of changing the current law.
Moderate to Severe Chronic Pain in Later Life: Risk and Resilience Factors for Recovery

Abstract Despite extensive research on the development and risk factors of chronic pain, the process of recovery from chronic pain in later life has been rarely studied. We estimated the recovery rate of moderate to severe chronic pain (chronic pain of moderate or severe severity or interfering with usual activities) among older adults and investigated predictors of recovery. Leveraging the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study 2006–2016 data (6 waves), we estimated the biennial national attrition-adjusted recovery rate of moderate to severe chronic pain among 6,132 US adults aged 65–75 at baseline. Generalized estimating equation Poisson models examined pain-related, sociodemographic, psychosocial and health-related factors in relation to recovery within any 2-year interval using longitudinal lagged design. Between 2006–2016, the prevalence of moderate to severe chronic pain increased from 28% to 33% with the incidence increasing from 14% to 18% and the recovery rate approximately 30%. Previous chronic pain duration, age, chronic diseases and a personality trait (agreeableness) were associated with a lower probability of recovery. Greater financial wealth and physical activity, better sleep quality and self-reported health were associated with a greater probability of recovery. Interventions that improve physical activity and sleep quality may be important avenues for reducing chronic pain burden among older adults. Perspective: Our longitudinal findings suggested that recovery from moderate to severe chronic pain is common in later life and we further identified several key factors associated with this recovery process. Future research should consider the potential of interventions that improve physical activity and sleep quality to enhance recovery among older adults.
Pancreatic Cancer-Related Mutational Burden Is Not Increased in a Patient Cohort With Clinically Severe Chronic Pancreatitis.

INTRODUCTION Chronic pancreatitis is associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, and patients with inherited forms of pancreatitis are at greatest risk. We investigated whether clinical severity of pancreatitis could also be an indicator of cancer risk independent of etiology by performing targeted DNA sequencing to assess the mutational burden in 55 cancer-associated genes. METHODS Using picodroplet digital polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, we reported the genomic profiles of pancreases from severe clinical cases of chronic pancreatitis that necessitated palliative total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation. RESULTS We assessed 57 tissue samples from 39 patients with genetic and idiopathic etiologies and found that despite the clinical severity of disease, there was no corresponding increase in mutational burden. The average allele frequency of somatic variants was 1.19% (range 1.00%-5.97%), and distinct regions from the same patient displayed genomic heterogeneity, suggesting that these variants are subclonal. Few oncogenic KRAS mutations were discovered (7% of all samples), although we detected evidence of frequent cancer-related variants in other genes such as TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. Of note, tissue samples with oncogenic KRAS mutations and samples from patients with PRSS1 mutations harbored an increased total number of somatic variants, suggesting that these patients may have increased genomic instability and could be at an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. DISCUSSION Overall, we showed that even in those patients with chronic pancreatitis severe enough to warrant total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, pancreatic cancer-related mutational burden is not appreciably increased.
Peter the Great

In Peter the Great, Yale historian and Russian scholar Paul Bushkovitch offers a brilliant, but concise, biography of this enigmatic leader.
Symmetry and its Discontents: Essays on the History of Inductive Probability

Part I. Probability: 1. Symmetry and its discontents 2. The rule of succession 3. Buffon, Price, and Laplace: scientific attribution in the eighteenth century 4. W. E. Johnson's sufficientness postulate. Part II. Personalities: 5 Abraham De Moivre and the birth of the Central Limit Theorem 6 Ramsey, truth, and probability 7. R. A. Fisher on the history of inverse probability 8. R. A. Fisher and the fiducial argument 9. Alan Turing and the Central Limit Theorem Part III. Prediction: 10. Predicting the unpredictable 11. The continuum of inductive methods revised.
Hoyle's Equation

The paper that first explained how the elements form in stars did not receive the acclaim it deserved because it did not display its key equation.
Discrimination and the distrust of democratic institutions in Latin America

This article analyzes the impact of ethnic and racial discrimination on political culture in six Latin American countries. Does experiencing discrimination alter a person's attitudes toward politics? If so, how? The analysis assesses the impact of discrimination on citizens' confidence in government – especially their trust in key liberal-democratic institutions such as legislatures and high courts. It finds that victims of discrimination distrust government institutions more than do citizens who have not faced discrimination. This distrust has implications for the quality and stability of democracy in the region. What is more, the site – and thus the perpetrators – of discrimination matters. Unfair treatment by agents of the state had corrosive effects on confidence in political institutions of all sorts, though the impact was particularly strong on trust in congress and high courts. By contrast, the effects of discrimination in private settings, at the hands of other private citizens, were at best indir...
The Securities Litigation Reform and its Impact on Analyst Research

We examine the effect of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act of 1998 on analyst recommendations. We refer to these acts as the Reform, which addresses the safe harbor provision for forward-looking information. After controlling for other variables, we find higher short-term market reaction following recommendation revisions after the Reform, suggesting that analysts play an increasingly important role. We also find that following upgrades (downgrades), the long-term drifts increase (decrease) in magnitude, and price reversions are less (more) likely.
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent phosphorylation of rat intestinal microvillus and basal-lateral membrane proteins by an endogenous protein kinase.

Abstract Both the microvillus and basal-lateral membrane components of intestinal epithelial cells were found to contain endogenous cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and their endogenous protein substrates. The phosphorylation of either membrane component using [γ- 32 P]ATP as substrate, occurred very rapidly, reaching maximal levels at 1 min. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were shown to stimulate the phosphorylation of the microvillus and basal-lateral membranes; the approximate concentrations of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP required for half-maximal stimulation of phosphorylation were 2 × 10 −7 m and 1.7 × 10 −8 m, respectively, for the basal-lateral membranes, and 2 × 10 −7 m and 3.2 × 10 −8 m, respectively, for the microvillus membranes. Although both membrane components were phosphorylated by an endogenous protein kinase, the microvillus membrane was consistently phosphorylated to a greater extent at maximally effective concentrations of either cyclic nucleotide. The microvillus and basallateral membranes were also found to contain a phosphoprotein phosphatase; however, the rate of removal of [ 32 P]phosphate from the microvillus membrane was found to be more rapid. Neither cyclic AMP nor cyclic GMP altered the activity of the enzyme in either membrane. The present results together with earlier studies are compatible with the possibility that the regulation of water and electrolyte transport in the small intestine by cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may be mediated through modulation of the phosphorylation of protein components of the microvillus and basal-lateral membranes.
Reversible, Thermally Induced Domain Unfolding in Oligomeric Proteins. Spectral and DSC measurements

Spectral and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results for three oligomeric proteins are briefly reviewed. (A) Reversible, thermally-induced partial unfolding reactions in dodecameric glutamine synthetase from E. coli involve cooperative, two two-state transitions of subunits and demonstrate communication among subunits. (B) Thermal unfolding of intact Acanthamoeba myosin II is more cooperative than that of mammalian skeletal muscle myosin. Nucleotide-induced conformational changes thermally stabilize head domains in both myosins. The long dimeric coiled-coil rod of Acanthamoeba myosin II undergoes a reversible, cooperative, single two-state thermal transition with concomitant chain dissociation. (C) The amino terminal domain of enzyme I of the E. coliPEP:sugar phosphotransferase system is destabilized by phosphorylation of the active-site His 189.
Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for unusual metabolic liver diseases.

Metabolic liver disease is the underlying diagnosis in only a small proportion of patients who undergo liver transplantation (LT), but for these patients, LT is lifesaving. Patients with metabolic liver disease often do not present with typical findings of end-stage liver disease and require special consideration and scrutiny concerning the appropriateness and timing of LT. Liverbased metabolic disease is classified into 3 types: (1) disease that causes structural liver damage with liver failure or cirrhosis, (2) metabolic disease without structural liver damage that affects other organs (especially the central nervous system), and (3) metabolic disease with systemic deficiencies that are partially represented in the liver. There may be overlap in presentation, with some disease forms presenting either with or without structural liver disease. General considerations that affect review board decisions may include the relative contraindication of the use of living-related donor organs and the unpredictable metabolic course that may cause severe central nervous system complications in several of these disease states. Also, although many of these diseases present mostly in children, adolescents and adults previously managed medically are increasingly presenting for LT consideration when medical management becomes more difficult or complex as they mature.
Impact Resistance of Armor Composite Made of Kevlar29 and Al2O3 Powder

Abstract In this study, the impact behavior of a composite material made from Kevlar29 – Al2O3/ epoxy for hard body armor is considered. The present experimental method focused on the behavior of the ballistic limit, energy absorption, and final velocity of flat cylindrical and conical projectiles. The results indicated that the maximum ballistic limit at impact velocity is 400 ±7 m/s for an 18 mm target thickness. Experimental results showed that the best ballistic performance was achieved with composite materials made of Kevlar29 – Al2O3/epoxy. The results concerning the initial and final velocities showed good agreement compared with the Ipson and Recht equation.
Employing modular polyketide synthase ketoreductases as biocatalysts in the preparative chemoenzymatic syntheses of diketide chiral building blocks.

Chiral building blocks are valuable intermediates in the syntheses of natural products and pharmaceuticals. A scalable chemoenzymatic route to chiral diketides has been developed that includes the general synthesis of α-substituted, β-ketoacyl N-acetylcysteamine thioesters followed by a biocatalytic cycle in which a glucose-fueled NADPH-regeneration system drives reductions catalyzed by isolated modular polyketide synthase (PKS) ketoreductases (KRs). To identify KRs that operate as active, stereospecific biocatalysts, 11 isolated KRs were incubated with 5 diketides and their products were analyzed by chiral chromatography. KRs that naturally reduce small polyketide intermediates were the most active and stereospecific toward the panel of diketides. Several biocatalytic reactions were scaled up to yield more than 100 mg of product. These syntheses demonstrate the ability of PKS enzymes to economically and greenly generate diverse chiral building blocks on a preparative scale.
Communication to the editor pentyl radical isomerizations: Evidence for a 1,2 or 1,3 hydrogen migration

Vibrationally excited pentyl-1, -2, and -3 radicals were formed selectively by the addition of thermal H atoms to the various pentene isomers with approximately 47 kcal/mole of vibrational energy. Decomposition products other than those expected, along with their pressure dependences, support the fact that either 1,2 or 1,3 hydrogen migrations with either a 3- or 4-member cyclic transition state is occurring with a ka of approximately 3 × 105 or 6 × 105 sec−1. A corresponding critical energy of 33 or 31 kcal/mole is found.
Safety Treatments at Isolated High-Speed Signalized Intersections: Synthesis

High-speed intersections pose a safety and operational challenge. Currently, no specific guidance for treating high-speed intersections exists, particularly in the case of intersections with substantial truck traffic. To fill in this gap, this paper presents a synthesis of findings from a literature review and a survey of practitioners. Results indicate that the primary safety concerns at high-speed intersections relate to red-light running and rear-end collisions. Further, operational and safety concerns at high-speed intersections were identified as being related to the different characteristics of trucks (e.g., accelerating/decelerating capabilities). The survey indicates no consensus among practitioners on how best to improve operations and safety at high-speed signalized intersections. Specific concerns over the liability and system/equipment reliability issues were raised. This note summarizes the findings from the literature review and survey and offers recommendations to increase awareness and acceptance for high-speed intersection treatments.
Photoevaporation of the Solar Nebula and the Formation of the Giant Planets

Abstract We review the prevailing theories for the formation of the jovian planets and comment that they do not provide a natural explanation for the oft-noted subdivision into two separate classes: the gas-rich giants, Jupiter and Saturn, and the gas-poor giants, Uranus and Neptune. To account for the observed differences in envelope mass relative to core mass, the conventional discriminants would seem to require special timing for the phases: assemblage of the protoplanetary cores, runaway accretion of gas, and the dispersal of nebular gases. We propose a discriminant that relies on photoevaporation by Lyman continuum photons of the outer parts of the disk as the primary hydrogen (and helium) loss mechanism. We show that Saturn's orbit constitutes the natural transitional radius between gas retainage and loss in this sort of picture and that the evaporative wind in the Uranus and Neptune regions would have been large enough to get rid of the hydrogen and helium gas before these planets assembled a critical core mass for runaway gas accretion, if the primitive Sun had an enhanced extreme ultraviolet luminosity for a duration comparable to those estimated for classical T Tauri stars.
Giving desert its due

I will argue that a desert-based justification for treating a person in a certain way is a justification that holds this treatment to be justified simply by what the person is like and what he or she has done, independent of (1) the fact that treating the person in this way will have good effects (or that treating people like him or her in this way will have such effects); (2) the fact that this treatment is called for by some (justified) institution or practice; or (3) the fact that the person could have avoided being subject to this treatment by choosing appropriately, and therefore cannot complain of it. I will explore the implications of this understanding of desert for the role of desert-based justifications of blame, punishment, and economic reward.
Design and implementation of Fourier transform based algorithms

Data analysis in the frequency domain is very relevant in many applications. This paper describes a new implementation of a frequency domain data path based on a modification of the Goertzel algorithm that, at the expense of a reduced accuracy, avoids any multiplication in the digital processing of the signal. This translates into power savings and smaller silicon area. The new algorithm is useful when there are die area constrains, an exact value of the power is not required, frequency of interest is very low compared to the sampling frequency, and a low number of bins are relevant for the application.
Same-different reaction time to stimuli presented simultaneously to separate cerebral hemispheres.

This research was concerned with same-different reaction time to two stimuli presented simultaneously, one to the left and one to the right visual field, so that they projected to separate cerebral hemispheres. In experiment 1, subjects compared two colour patches, two colour words, or a colour word with a colour patch. In experiment 2, subjects compared two geometric shapes, two shape words, or a geometric shape with a shape word. Comparisons of two colours or two shapes were faster than comparisons of words that named these attributes. Responses to colours were faster than to shapes, and responses to colour words were faster than to shape words. Within-mode comparisons were faster than between-mode comparisons. Direct access of the separate stimuli to the dominant hemispheres did not produce faster responses.
Ent-kauranes and trachylobanes from Helianthus radula

Abstract The aerial parts of Helianthus radula afforded a variety of known ent -kauranoic acids as well as two new substances, 11-oxotrachyloban-19-oic a
Partial medial meniscectomy and rotational differences at the knee during walking

Loss of meniscal function due to injury or partial meniscectomy is common and represents a significant risk factor for premature osteoarthritis. The menisci can influence the transverse plane movements (anterior-posterior (AP) translation and internal-external (IE) rotation) of the knee during walking. While walking is the most frequent activity of daily living, the kinematic differences at the knee during walking associated with the meniscal injury are not well understood. This study examined the influence of partial medial meniscectomy (PMM) on the kinematics and kinetics of the knee during the stance phase of gait by testing the differences in anterior-posterior translation, internal-external rotation, knee flexion range of movement, peak flexion/extension moments, and adduction moments between the PMM and healthy contralateral limbs. Ten patients (45±9 years old, height 1.75±0.06m, weight 76.7±13.5kg) who had undergone partial medial meniscectomy (33±100 months post-op) in one limb with a healthy contralateral limb were tested during normal walking. The contralateral limb was compared to a matched control group and no differences were found. The primary kinematic difference was a significantly greater external rotation (3.2°) of the tibia that existed through stance phase, with 8 of 10 subjects demonstrating the same pattern. The PMM subjects also exhibited significantly lower peak flexion and extension moments in their PMM limbs. The altered rotational position found likely results in changes of tibio-femoral contact during walking and could cause the type of degenerative changes found in the articular cartilage following meniscal injury.
Improving consistency in interpreting SFAS 5 probability phrases

Abstract Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (SFAS No. 5), relies on verbal probability phrases to guide recognition or disclosure decisions for loss contingencies. One of the challenges facing accountants is that verbal probability terms are vague and may have multiple meanings; thus, different accountants may interpret the same probability phrase differently. Given this background, our study addresses the difficulty of interpreting verbal probability phrases and explores a simple way to improve judgment quality. Evidence from our experiment suggests that supplementing verbal probabilities with their corresponding numerical values reduces interpersonal variability in interpreting SFAS No. 5 terms.
Tumor-targeting properties of 90Y- and 177Lu-labeled α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues in a murine melanoma model

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the tumor-targeting properties of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH in a murine melanoma mouse model. Methods The in vitro properties of cellular internalization and retention of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH were studied in B16/F1 murine melanoma cells. The pharmacokinetics of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Results 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH exhibited fast cellular internalization and extended cellular retention in B16/F1 cells. High receptor-mediated tumor uptake and retention coupled with fast whole-body clearance of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH were demonstrated in B16/F1 tumor-bearing C57 mice. The tumor uptakes of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH were 25.70±4.64 and 14.48±0.85 %ID/g at 2 h, and 14.09±2.73 and 17.68±3.32 %ID/g at 4 h postinjection. There was little activity accumulated in normal organs except for kidney. Conclusions High tumor-targeting properties of 90 Y-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH and 177 Lu-DOTA-Re(Arg 11 )CCMSH highlighted their potential as radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radionuclide therapy of melanoma in further investigations.
Green Grass, High Cotton: Reflections on the Evolution of the Journal of Advertising

This article reflects on my time as the fifth editor of the Journal of Advertising, makes observations about the evolution of scholarship in the Journal over the past decades, offers suggestions for how JA might advance in the coming years, and provides some “words of wisdom” to advertising researchers. Because it is the first in an invited article series of editor reflections, a bit of historical context is provided.
A Priority Queuing System with Server-Walking Time

This paper is concerned with the queuing process which arises when one imposes nonzero crossover times on a nonpreemptive priority system with two classes of customers. The objective is to derive the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the waiting-time distribution function and the queue-size generating function for each class of customers. The results are obtained by first analyzing a simple single queue model with walking time and then extending this model to fit the two queue problem by an appropriate choice of variables.
American High School Football Coaches' Attitudes Toward Sport Psychology Consultation and Intentions to Use Sport Psychology Services

This study examined 235 American high-school football coaches' attitudes toward sport psychology (SP) consultation, intentions to use SP, and actual use of SP services. The coaches' attitudinal data fit the a priori hypothesized four factor model (i.e., stigma tolerance, confidence in SP consultation, personal openness, and cultural preferences). Of the coaches surveyed, 13% reported being familiar with the Association of Applied Sport Psychology (AASP) certification for SP consultants, 3% had used SP services, and 62% did not intend to use SP services within the next six months. Past coaching experience, age, and education level influenced their stigma tolerance, confidence, and personal openness of using SP services. American high-school football coaches who were confident in SP outcomes and open to suggestions were more likely to consider using SP services.
Filament Assembly by Spire: Key Residues and Concerted Actin Binding

The most recently identified class of actin nucleators, WASp homology domain 2 (WH2) nucleators, use tandem repeats of monomeric actin-binding WH2 domains to facilitate actin nucleation. WH2 domains are involved in a wide variety of actin regulatory activities. Structurally, they are expected to clash with interprotomer contacts within the actin filament. Thus, the discovery of their role in nucleation was surprising. Here we use Drosophila Spire (Spir) as a model system to investigate both how tandem WH2 domains can nucleate actin and what differentiates nucleating WH2-containing proteins from their non-nucleating counterparts. We found that the third WH2 domain in Spir (Spir-C or SC) plays a unique role. In the context of a short nucleation construct (containing only two WH2 domains), placement of SC in the N-terminal position was required for the most potent nucleation. We found that the native organization of the WH2 domains with respect to each other is necessary for binding to actin with positive cooperativity. We identified two residues within SC that are critical for its activity. Using this information, we were able to convert a weak synthetic nucleator into one with activity equal to a native Spir construct. Lastly, we found evidence that SC binds actin filaments, in addition to monomers.
Clomiphene for the Treatment of Male Infertility

Male infertility is a relatively common condition caused by low sperm production, immobile sperm, or blockages that prevent the delivery of sperm. This condition can be caused by a variety of illnesses, injuries, chronic health problems, lifestyle choices, other factors, or idiopathic, in which abnormal semen parameters occur without an identifiable cause. Medical management traditionally focuses on correcting endocrine abnormalities related to hormone deficiencies. Clomiphene citrate is an antiestrogen thought to increase sperm parameters in males attempting to conceive. The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clomiphene citrate in the treatment of male patients with infertility. A literature search of MEDLINE (1966–June 2012) and EMBASE (1980–June 2012) was conducted using the medical terms clomiphene and male infertility and 9 clinical studies were identified. Overall, only 1 study detected a statistically significant benefit on the pregnancy rate in the clomiphene group; however, the majority of the studies demonstrated a statistically significant increase in sperm concentrations. At doses used to treat male infertility, clomiphene was well tolerated with no identified serious adverse effects. Based on the reviewed studies there is insufficient evidence to indicate that clomiphene is effective for the treatment of male infertility.
Probabilistic Forecasting of Project Duration Using Kalman Filter and the Earned Value Method

The earned value method (EVM) is recognized as a viable method for evaluating and forecasting project cost performance. However, its application to schedule performance forecasting has been limited due to poor accuracy in predicting project durations. Recently, several EVM-based schedule forecasting methods were introduced. However, these are still deterministic and have large prediction errors early in the project due to small sample size. In this paper, a new forecasting method is developed based on Kalman filter and the earned schedule method. The Kalman filter forecasting method (KFFM) provides probabilistic predictions of project duration at completion and can be used from the beginning of a project without significant loss of accuracy. KFFM has been programmed in an add-in for Microsoft Excel and it can be implemented on all kinds of projects monitored by EVM or any other S-curve approach. Applications on two real projects are presented here to demonstrate the advantages of KFFM in extracting additional information from data about the status, trend, and future project schedule performance and associated risks.
A simple but rigorous model for calculating CO2 storage capacity in deep saline aquifers at the basin scale

Safely sequestering CO2 in a deep saline aquifer requires calculating how much CO2 the aquifer can store. Since offsetting nationwide emissions requires sequestering large quantities of CO2, this calculation should apply at the large scale of geologic basins. The only method to calculate storage capacity at the basin scale, however, is not derived from multiphase flow dynamics, which play a critical role in CO2 storage. In this study, we explain a new model to calculate basin-scale storage capacity that is derived from flow dynamics and captures the dynamic phenomena of gravity override and capillary trapping. Despite the fact that the model is dynamic, it is simple since it is a closed form expression with few terms. We demonstrate how to apply it on the Fox Hills Sandstone in the Powder River Basin.
Journal publications by pharmacy practice faculty evaluated by institution and region of the United States (2001-2003)

Objective: To compare the quantity of manuscripts published in journals by departments of pharmacy practice at schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States for the years 2001-2003.Methods: We utilized the Web of Science bibliographic database to identify publication citations for the years 2001 to 2003 which were then evaluated in a number of different ways. Faculty were identified via American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy rosters for 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 academic years.Results: Rankings were done based on the number of publications per institution and average number of publications per faculty member at an institution. Upon linear regression analysis, a relationship exists between an institution’s faculty size and the total number of publications but not for tenure/nontenure-track faculty ratio. Rating highest in overall publication number did not guarantee high rankings in the average number of publications per faculty member at an institution assessment. Midwestern schools were responsible for more publications per institution than other regions. Many schools only generated minimal scholarship over this evaluative period.Conclusion: While many schools have pharmacy practice faculty that strongly contributed to the biomedical literature, other schools have not. Pharmacy practice faculty in the Midwest publish more journal manuscripts than faculty in other regions of the country. More pharmacy schools need to engage their faculty in scholarly endeavors by providing support and incentives.
Experimental and Simulated Results of SiC Microwave Power MESFETs

A variety of RF and microwave electronic devices can be fabricated from SiC. These SiC-based devices have many properties that make them near ideal for high temperature, high frequency, high power, and radiation hard applications. Progress in SiC bulk and epitaxial layer growth has been rapid in recent years and corresponding progress has been achieved in device fabrication and contact technology. Both 6H- and 4H-SiC substrates are commercially available, and high quality epitaxial layers can be grown. Prototype SiC electronic devices with very good DC and RF performance have been demonstrated and devices such as diodes are commercially available, while RF and high frequency transistors are rapidly approaching the commercialization state. In particular, SiC transistors such as MESFETs (MEtal Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) and SITs (Static Induction Transistors) with excellent DC and RF performance have been demonstrated and these devices are being developed for microwave power amplifier and oscillator applications. One of the most promising devices for microwave power applications is the MESFET. In this work the performance of microwave SiC MESFETs is investigated with a simulator that contains a physically based device model. The simulator permits the operation of the device to be examined and optimum device structures to be determined. This, in turn, permits performance capability and limitations to be investigated. The results of the simulations are compared to experimental measurements where possible, and excellent agreement between the simulated and measured data are obtained.
Radioactive models of type 1 supernovae

In recent years, considerable progress has been made toward understanding Type I supernovae within the context of radioactive energy input. Much effort has gone into determining the peak magnitude of the supernovae, particularly in the B-band, and its relation to the Hubble constant. If the distances inferred for Type I events are at all accurate, and/or the Hubble constant has a value near 50 km per s per Mpc, it is clear that models must reach a peak magnitude approximately -20 in order to be consistent. The present investigation is concerned with models which achieve peak magnitudes near this value and contain 0.8 solar mass of Ni-56. The B-band light curve declines much more rapidly after peak than the bolometric light curve. The mass and velocity of Ni-56 (at least for the A models) are within the region defined by Axelrod (1980) for configurations which produce acceptable spectra at late times. The models are consistent with the absence of a neutron star after the explosion. There remain, however, many difficult problems.
The role of carbohydrate in platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces

A mechanism of platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces is proposed which involves the formation of enzyme-substrate complex bridges between platelet glycosyl transferases and surface-adsorbed glycoproteins. To test this hypothesis two experimental approaches were attempted. The first, in vitro, series of experiments assayed two glycosyl transferases using adsorbed plasma proteins as acceptors. Sugar-nucleotides could be transferred onto adsorbed gamma globulin and fibrinogen but not onto adsorbed albumin. The second group of experiments quantitated platelets adhering to tubing coated with protein and subjected to treatment to remove different carbohydrate residues. Using whole unheparinized ovine blood, more platelets adhered to fibrinogen or gamma globulin coatings which had been either desialyzed or had both sialic acid and galactose removed than to the same coatings when untreated. These data, plus that of other workers, give support to the proposed mechanism.
Butalbital and Driving Impairment

Butalbital (Fiorinal(®)), used in the treatment of migraines and muscle pain, is the most commonly encountered barbiturate in impaired driving cases. It has central nervous system (CNS) depressant properties, including sedation, drowsiness, and feelings of intoxication, which can contribute to driving impairment. Twenty-six driving under the influence cases are reviewed including results from field sobriety tests and toxicology testing. Blood samples were screened using enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique immunoassay, and the presence of butalbital was confirmed and quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, or gas chromatography nitrogen/phosphorus detection. Butalbital concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 30.2 mg/L, with a mean and median of 16.0 mg/L. General impairment indicators in these cases included horizontal and vertical nystagmus, lack of convergence, poor motor coordination, and balance and speech problems, which are common to CNS depressant intoxication, similar to that associated with alcohol. These findings indicate the importance of toxicological testing for butalbital in cases where CNS depressants are indicated.
Spillover Between Marital Quality and Job Satisfaction: Long-Term Patterns and Gender Differences

We used data from a 12-year panel survey of a nationally representative sample of married individuals (not couples) and structural equation modeling to investigate the process of spillover between marital quality (satisfaction and discord) and job satisfaction among married individuals. We considered three questions: whether job satisfaction and marital quality are related over the long term, whether influence flows primarily from work to family or if there is a pattern of mutual effects between job satisfaction and marital quality, and whether job satisfaction and marital quality are related in similar ways for married women and married men over the long term. We found that marital quality and job satisfaction are related over the long term and that marital quality is the more influential of these domains. We found evidence of both positive and negative spillover from marital quality to job satisfaction over the long term. Specifically, increases in marital satisfaction were significantly related to increases in job satisfaction, and increases in marital discord were significantly related to declines in job satisfaction. Finally, our results indicated that these processes operate similarly for married women and married men.
Carving Turf in the Practice of Public Ethnography

The use of applied ethnography is relatively new among National Park Service (NPS) programs compared to other academic disciplines that were incorporated by the NPS much earlier as part of the effort to fulfill its mission. Although anthropology had been part of the NPS for decades, it was represented only by archaeology, along with associated museology and curatorial functions. However in 1981, Dr. Douglas Scoville, himself an archaeologist, decided that an open position in anthropology should be filled by an ethnographer to represent cultural anthropological interests in park operations. Dr. Muriel "Miki" Crespi was the first cultural anthropologist hired to fill the new administrative position in the Washington office. For the next decade, Miki worked hard to secure positions for applied ethnographers to serve in the regional offices where program goals of ethnographic expertise and service could be implemented for parks in which there are peoples with traditional cultural affiliations.