cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of annealing treatment on microstructure and soft magnetic properties of Fe-B-P nanoparticles prepared by aqueous chemical reduction

Fe-B-P amorphous nanoparticles prepared by aqueous chemical reduction were annealed at 300 °C ∼ 500 °C for 30 min. The microstructure and the soft magnetic properties of the specimens were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry, etc.. The results show that the particles are monodisperse Fe-B-P amorphous nanoparticles and the grain diameter distribution is from 200 to 300 nm with a very narrow size distribution. About 3 % of α-Fe appeared in the amorphous particles after annealing treatment at 300 °C for 30 min. After an annealing treatment at 400 °C and 500 °C for 30 min the samples are completely crystallized. The crystallization phases are α-Fe, Fe2B and Fe3B. The soft magnetism after 300 °C annealing treatment is better than other specimens, while the full crystallization deteriorates the soft magnetic performance of the specimens after annealing at 400 °C and 500 °C.
Repair of X-ray induced DNA strand damage by isolated rat splenic lymphocytes

Abstract Although a number of chemicals can alter DNA repair function, little is known about the effect of chronic, low dose exposure to environmental agents on DNA repair capacity. Lymphocytes provide a potential target population to study the effects of chronic exposures to low doses of toxic chemicals since they are an easily obtainable cell population. Prior to investigating the repair capacity of chemically exposed lymphocytes, the repair by chemically naive lymphocytes has been characterized. In the present study, the DNA repair capacity of isolated rat lymphocytes was characterized. The capacity of these cells to repair single-strand DNA breaks (SSB) was determined after in vitro treatments with X-rays. The effect of in vitro exposure to 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) on DNA repair capacity was also increased. The levels of induced SSB and their repair were determined using the alkaline elution technique. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and placed in culture medium 18 h prior to assessment of repair capacity, but were not stimulated with mitogens. A dose-dependent increase in SSB was observed following exposure of lymphocytes to 300 or 600 rad. The rate of SSB repair was analyzed after a dose of 400 rad. Approximately 80% of the DNA strand break repair was completed within 60 min. The half-time for repair of these lesions by lymphocytes was determined to be 21.3 min. Exposure to 3-AB resulted in a decrease in the rate of repair of the X-ray-induced strand breakage. Although no SSB were detected at the end of a 1-h 3-AB treatment of non-irradiated cells, significant accumulation of SSB was observed after a 2-h treatment. The characterization of DNA repair in rat lymphocytes following in vitro exposure to X-rays will allow us to investigate the effects of chronic, in vivo toxicant exposure on the capacity of isolated lymphocytes to repair DNA damage produced by X-rays.
Virus-derived gene expression and RNA interference vector for grapevine

ABSTRACT The improvement of the agricultural and wine-making qualities of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is hampered by adherence to traditional varieties, the recalcitrance of this plant to genetic modifications, and public resistance to genetically modified organism (GMO) technologies. To address these challenges, we developed an RNA virus-based vector for the introduction of desired traits into grapevine without heritable modifications to the genome. This vector expresses recombinant proteins in the phloem tissue that is involved in sugar transport throughout the plant, from leaves to roots to berries. Furthermore, the vector provides a powerful RNA interference (RNAi) capability of regulating the expression of endogenous genes via virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technology. Additional advantages of this vector include superb genetic capacity and stability, as well as the swiftness of technology implementation. The most significant applications of the viral vector include functional genomics of the grapevine and disease control via RNAi-enabled vaccination against pathogens or invertebrate pests.
Mathematical Morphology Techniques For Image Processing Applications In Biomedical Imaging

Mathematical morphology operations allow object identification based on shape and are useful for grouping a cluster of small objects into one object. Because of these capabilities, we have implemented and evaluated this technique for our study of Alzheimer's disease. The microscopic hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of brain lesions known as neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. These lesions have distinct shapes compared to normal brain tissue. Neurofibrillary tangles appear as flame-shaped structures, whereas senile plaques appear as circular clusters of small objects. In order to quantitatively analyze the distribution of these lesions, we have developed and applied the tools of mathematical morphology on the Pixar Image Computer. As a preliminary test of the accuracy of the automatic detection algorithm, a study comparing computer and human detection of senile plaques was performed by evaluating 50 images from 5 different patients. The results of this comparison demonstrates that the computer counts correlate very well with the human counts (correlation coefficient = .81). Now that the basic algorithm has been shown to work, optimization of the software will be performed to improve its speed. Also future improvements such as local adaptive thresholding will be made to the image analysis routine to further improve the systems accuracy.
Primary Endoscopic Management Versus Open Revision of Ureteroenteric Anastomotic Strictures After Urinary Diversion-Single Institution Contemporary Series

Abstract Purpose: To review our institutional experience in the management of ureteroenteric strictures by primary endoscopic intervention or primary open revision. Patients and Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2007, 28 patients with ureteroenteric strictures underwent endoscopic management (n = 21) or open revision (n = 7). Strictures were characterized with regard to length and side as well as time to failure between the two groups. Success was defined as symptomatic improvement and evidence of patency on follow-up radiologic imaging. Results: Of all study patients, 78.6% were symptomatic on presentation. Endoscopic intervention (balloon dilation, electroincision, or holmium endoureterotomy) was successful in six patients for an overall success rate of 27% with a median follow-up of 21 months. Open revision was successful in 87.5% (7 of 8) patients for whom initial endoscopic surgery had failed. The success rate of primary open revision was 71.4% (5 of 7 patients) with a mean follow-up of 18.1...
Spectroscopic and computational insight into weak noncovalent interactions in crystalline pyrimidine

Abstract Effects of weak C–H⋯N interactions on the vibrational spectrum of crystalline pyrimidine are studied using Raman spectroscopy and electronic structure computations. When pyrimidine transitions from the liquid to solid state, peaks in the Raman spectrum exhibit non-uniform shifts. Calculations performed on a cluster of nine pyrimidine molecules (one pyrimidine molecule embedded in a field of its eight nearest neighbors in the crystalline geometry) predict that modes involving the movement of hydrogen atoms are associated with the observed shifts. Assignments of fundamentals and combination bands in both the liquid and solid states are also revised in the complicated C–H stretching region.
Characterization of social behaviors and oxytocinergic neurons in the S-100β overexpressing mouse model of Down Syndrome

S-100 beta, a gene triplicated in Down Syndrome (DS), is thought to play a role in development of the brain in general, and in the serotonergic neuronal system in particular. We have been studying an animal model of DS, based on overexpression of this gene. In the current study, we report on the social behaviors of these animals, both in same-strain and mixed-strain pairings. In addition, as the neuropeptide oxytocin is often thought to be involved in social behaviors, we have looked at oxytocin-containing cells. In non-social behaviors, such as grooming and line-crossing, the S-100 beta animals were more active than the CD-1 control animals and showed significantly less social sniffing. In mixed-strain studies, these differences became more pronounced, with the CD-1 animals showing significantly greater levels of sniffing and anogenital sniffing. As well, the CD-1 animals showed more rearing and an increase in line crossings, suggesting a heightened level of vigilance or awareness of novelty. The S-100 beta animals, conversely, did not appear to respond to the novelty of the CD-1 animals. In mixed pair studies, the S-100 beta animals more frequently took submissive postures, while the CD-1 animals more frequently took dominant postures, and showed a significant increase in biting the S-100 beta partner. The S-100 beta animals showed less rearing, perhaps a further indication that they were inhibited by the CD-1 animals. Analysis of oxytocin-containing neurons showed comparable levels in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, but significantly reduced numbers of cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the S-100 beta animals. These results are discussed in terms of oxytocin contributions to socialization and fear responding and the significance of these findings to DS.
Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics by Geoffrey M. Hodgson (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1988), pp. xviii + 365, 10.95, ISBN 0-7456-0277-0

(1990). Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics by Geoffrey M. Hodgson (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1988), pp. xviii + 365, 10.95, ISBN 0-7456-0277-0. Prometheus: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 401-404.
Linear instability waves in supersonic jets confined in circular and non-circular ducts

Abstract The linear instability of supersonic jets confined in circular and non-circular ducts is investigated both analytically and numerically. In the case of the non-circular duct, the numerical solution is based on the boundary element method. It is shown that the presence of an outer wall introduces additional instability modes. A highly supersonic unconfined jet possesses many modes of instability. These include the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and supersonic instabilities. The modifications to these instabilities by a coflowing stream and an outer wall are examined. For the case of a circular jet in a circular duct, both a vortex sheet model and a model that includes the effect of a finite thickness shear layer are considered. The results of these calculations are compared with those for unconfined supersonic jets with an external flow. Finally, the effects of changes in the duct geometry on the instability modes are examined.
Semi-resonant operation of a fiber-cantilever piezotube scanner for stable optical coherence tomography endoscope imaging.

A forward-view optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning catheter has been developed based on a fiber-cantilever piezotube scanner by using a semi-resonant scan strategy for a better scan performance. A compact endoscope catheter was fabricated by using a tubular piezoelectric actuator with quartered electrodes in combination with a resonant fiber cantilever. A cantilever weight was attached to the fiber cantilever to reduce the resonance frequency down to 63 Hz, well in the desirable range for Fourier-domain OCT. The resonant-cantilever scanner was driven at semi-resonance frequencies that were well out of the resonance peak but within a range of partial resonance. This driving strategy has been found to minimize the phase difference between the two scan axes for a better scan stability against environmental perturbations as well as for a driving simplicity. By driving the two axes at slightly different frequencies, a low-order Lissajous pattern has been obtained for a 2D area scan. 3D OCT images have been successfully acquired in an acquisition time of 1.56 seconds for a tomogram volume of 2.2 × 2.2 × 2.1 mm3. They were reconstructed without any scan calibration by extracting the scan timing from the image data. In addition, it has been found that the Lissajous scan strategy provides a means to compensate the relative axial motion of a sample for a correct imaged morphology.
Effects of Corn Oil and Lysine on Growth, Fatty Acid Composition and Palatability of Large Broad White Turkeys

Abstract THE fat of fowl contains a relatively high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, compared to that of other commercial meat producing animals. Hilditch et al. (1934) showed that 65–68% of the fatty acids of the hen are unsaturated, including 7–8% palmitoleic acid, 20–22% linoleic and 35–38% oleic acid. Kiernat et al. (1964) reported on the lipid composition of meat and showed the retail cuts of beef to contain 2.3–4.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids and 49.5–53.2% monounsaturated fatty acids; pork contained 8.4–11.6% and 45.5–53.6%, respectively, with lamb containing 2.7–6.2% and 39–48.6%, respectively. So when there is desire to obtain a greater proportion of dietary fatty acid intake in the form of the polyunsaturated type, use of chicken or turkey should be a meat of choice. That increases in the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fats in the…
Patient subgroups in irritable bowel syndrome that can be defined by symptom evaluation and physical examination.

Subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are likely to respond differently to existing and evolving therapies. The following criteria for subgrouping may be considered: (1) Patients with different predominant bowel habits respond differently to treatment (antidepressants, 5HT3-antagonists, psychotherapy). (2) Postprandial exacerbation of pain or other gastrointestinal symptoms is seen in approximately half of patients with IBS and may identify patients who are more responsive to some classes of drugs (e.g., those targeted at motility). (3) Women appear to respond differently from men to 5HT3-antagonists, and there may be gender differences in gastrointestinal physiology. (4) There is more overlap in the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and IBS than would be predicted by chance, and both are associated with hyperalgesia to intraluminal distention.
The Archaeology of Immateriality

Despite changes in archaeological theory and practice over the past 40 years, most archaeologists are still not very good at acknowledging that “significance” is context-dependent and non-material. In this paper I present two cases studies from New England where archaeologists collaborated with Native peoples on sites that had significant preservation concerns. I evaluate to what extent these projects were successful in their goal of decolonizing archaeology. I call for a definition of materiality that acknowledges that tangible objects and their intangible contexts and meanings are inextricable, and that values are continuously created and recreated in the present by a variety of memory communities.
Estimation of the Parameters of the Logistic Distribution

Abstract : The paper investigates the estimation of the parameters (both location and scale) of the logistic distribution using sample quantities and order statistics. Three kinds of estimators have been considered: Best linear unbiased estimators based on sample quantities; Unbiased linear asymptotically best estimators of Bloom; Asymptotically best, asymptotically unbiased linear estimators of Jung. All these methods of estimation are asymptotically efficient and one of the purposes of this investigation is to determine how good they are when compared to the best linear unbiased estimators in terms of their relative efficiency.
Work in progress — An interactive web-based quiz that uses the java-DSP editor to enhance student learning experience

Java-Digital Signal Processing (J-DSP) is an online DSP laboratory that allows students to simulate various signal processing algorithms. In this paper, we describe an interactive learning tool that combines multiple discrete learning environments together at one place. The idea of the new interface revolves around the web-based DSP quiz synchronized with J-DSP simulations and video streamed lectures. This setup helps in organizing the learning process as the multiple environments are linked together through the questions posed in the quiz. The proposed interface is currently being used by the undergraduate students in the DSP course. Preliminary assessment results will be presented at the conference.
Information derivability analysis for quality assurance information management systems

Abstract Presently, international economic competition is increasing at a rapid rate. As a consequence, quality and productivity have become the two most critical issues for manufacturing companies. This paper proposes a specialized type of information system to upgrade quality control management practices and to take advantage of recent advances in manufacturing systems and information systems. It outlines some of the benefits and problems related to the development of a Quality Assurance Information Management System (QAIMS), and offers useful suggestions for the preliminary phases of the analysis and design of such a system. QAIMS is a computerized documentation and decision tool centered on quality-related activities. Equipped with a well designed QAIMS, management can reduce communication gaps and maximize interactions between and within all manufacturing and business entities. The QAIMS would help to incorporate consumer feedback in product design and manufacturing, quality control and maintenance, productivity improvements, and greater efficiencies in production and services. With a well-designed QAIMS, management can also make long-range strategic plans to compete effectively.
Ability of Substance Abusers to Escape Detection on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI-A) in a Juvenile Correctional Facility

The ability of respondents to underreport successfully on substance abuse and validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A; Butcher et al., 1992) was evaluated. Incarcerated teens (67 substance abusing, 59 non-substance abusing) completed the MMPI-A twice: once under standard instructions (SI) and once under instructions to fake good (FG). Under SI, substance scales correctly classified about 60% to 85% of adolescents. Under FG, substance- and non-substance-abusing juveniles produced lower scores on substance scales. However, the Lie Scale (L) was able to detect more than 75% of deceptive profiles and about 77% of honest profiles. When scale L and the best substance scale were used in combination, only about 18% of faking substance abusers were not identified as either substance abusers or as underreporting. For feigning substance abusers, only about 10% of substance abusers were detected, with about 72% being categorized as faking and needing further assessment.
Autophagy in the Eye: Implications for Ocular Cell Health

Abstract Autophagy, a catabolic process by which a cell “eats” itself, turning over its own cellular constituents, plays a key role in cellular homeostasis. In an effort to maintain normal cellular function, autophagy is often up-regulated in response to environmental stresses and excessive organelle damage to facilitate aggregated protein removal. In the eye, virtually all cell types from those comprising the cornea in the front of the eye to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) providing a protective barrier for the retina at the back of the eye, rely on one or more aspects of autophagy to maintain structure and/or normal physiological function. In the lens autophagy plays a critical role in lens fiber cell maturation and the formation of the organelle free zone. Numerous studies delineating the role of Atg5, Vsp34 as well as FYCO1 in maintenance of lens transparency are discussed. Corneal endothelial dystrophies are also characterized as having elevated levels of autophagic proteins. Therefore, novel modulators of autophagy such as lithium and melatonin are proposed as new therapeutic strategies for this group of dystrophies. In addition, we summarize how corneal Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) infection subverts the cornea's response to infection by inhibiting the normal autophagic response. Using glaucoma models we analyze the relative contribution of autophagy to cell death and cell survival. The cytoprotective role of autophagy is further discussed in an analysis of photoreceptor cell heath and function. We focus our analysis on the current understanding of autophagy in photoreceptor and RPE health, specifically on the diverse role of autophagy in rods and cones as well as its protective role in light induced degeneration. Lastly, in the RPE we highlight hybrid phagocytosis–autophagy pathways. This comprehensive review allows us to speculate on how alterations in various stages of autophagy contribute to glaucoma and retinal degenerations.
Emission and transport of cesium‐137 from boreal biomass burning in the summer of 2010

[1] While atmospheric concentrations of cesium-137 (137Cs) have decreased since the nuclear testing era, resuspension of 137Cs during biomass burning provides an ongoing emission source. The summer of 2010 was an intense biomass burning season in western Russia, with high levels of particulate matter impacting air quality and visibility. A radionuclide monitoring station in western Russia shows enhanced airborne 137Cs concentrations during the wildfire period. Since 137Cs binds to aerosols, satellite observations of aerosols and fire occurrences can provide a global-scale context for 137Cs emissions and transport during biomass burning events. We demonstrate that high values of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical depth coincide with detections of 137Cs, and use the relationship between 137Cs and aerosols to model 137Cs based on organic carbon emissions and transport with the Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 model. The model's boreal biomass burning tracer explains approximately half of the daily variability in detected 137Cs concentrations at a monitoring station in western Russia. Constraining the model with the station observations, we calculate 137Cs emissions of 1.5 × 1012 Bq from biomass burning north of 40° in July and August 2010. The emissions and subsequent deposition lead to a small northward redistribution of 137Cs.
GreenLight™ HPS Laser Therapy for BPH: Clinical Outcomes and Surgical Recommendations from the International GreenLight User (IGLU) Group

Laser prostatectomy (LP) was developed to reduce the complications and cost associated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for the treatment of obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Since its introduction over a decade ago, LP now encompasses a wide range of techniques involving a variety of wavelengths, each with a predominantly specific tissue interaction. The three principle types of LP are: coagulative with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) or the diode lasers; cutting (enucleative) with the holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) or the thulium:YAG (Tm:YAG)lasers;andvaporisationwiththeNd:YAG,
From irritable heart to mitral valve prolapse: World War I, the British experience and James Mackenzie

Abstract The Great War of 1914–1918 lies like a scorched earth dividing that time from ours. In wiping out so many lives which would have been operative on the years that followed, in destroying beliefs, changing ideas, and leaving incurable wounds of disillusion, it created a physical as well as psychological gulf between two epochs. 1
Creating a Total Quality Environment (TQE) for Learning

This article describes a model for creating a total quality environment (TQE) for learning in which everyone is considered a learner. The model consists of 11 interrelated characteristics derived from the literature in the areas of continuous improvement, leadership, learning, learning organizations, and spirituality. The characteristics in the model are applicable at every institution, every level, and every course.
THE PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE LEVERAGING

Technologies are often amenable to uses for a range of markets, but yet are often underutilized, and consequently not all value is extracted from them. This article presents a longitudinal case study of a firm that successfully applied a fungible technology to products for its served market, but was unable to tap its considerable potential in new markets. The processes of resource allocation and resource transformation inhibited technology leveraging, shaped by the presence of a competence to serve current customers (a customer competence trap) and the lack of a competence to gain access to new customers (a marketing competence gap). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolving the components of transient signals by a multistage procedure

The authors propose a multistage procedure to achieve good local resolution of significantly overlapping components in a transient signal. The received transient signal is assumed to be a superposition of modulated and time-shifted versions of a single one-sided exponential function whose damping coefficient is known. At each stage of the proposed procedure the authors coarsely identify (as compared to the next stage) broad regions in the time-frequency plane that have significant signal energy. These correspond to possible regions where signal components may be present. In each succeeding stage, they focus on these coarsely identified signal regions to further identify subregions in them that have significant energy. The detection of signal components in the subregions is done in the presence of possible interference from neighboring regions. Implementation of this method is based on the use of generalized eigenvectors of signal and interference correlation matrices. The detection statistics is a linear combination of the magnitude squared projections of the received data onto the individual generalized eigenvectors. >
Dopamine receptor subtypes: In vivo biochemical evidence for functional interaction

SKF 38393, a selective D-1 dopamine (DA) agonist, enhanced the ability of spiperone, a D-2 antagonist, to increase rat striatal DA metabolite concentrations. Conversely, SKF 38393 reduced the abilities of pergolide and LY 171555, D-2 agonists, to decrease striatal DA metabolite concentrations. These findings are discussed in terms of a possible functional interaction between D-1 and D-2 DA receptors.
Abstract 1234: Tamoxifen synergizes cytotoxic activity of 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene, 1,2-diol} (HPIMBD), a novel resveratrol analogue against breast cancer cells

Tamoxifen is currently the first line of therapy against estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. Prolonged treatment with tamoxifen has been associated with the development of resistant tumor phenotypes. Moreover, this treatment strategy is ineffective against ER-negative breast cancers. In this study, we have investigated the role of 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene, 1,2-diol} (HPIMBD), a novel analog of resveratrol, either alone or in combination with tamoxifen on the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 as well as non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines MCF-10A, MCF-10F and HMEC were treated with different doses of HPIMBD or a combination of tamoxifen (2µM) and HPIMBD (at its IC50 dose). Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assays. No effect on cell proliferation was observed upon treatment of non-neoplastic breast cells with HPIMBD. A dose dependent growth inhibition was demonstrated upon treatment of breast cancer cells with HPIMBD. IC50 values of HPIMBD were determined. Tamoxifen at a dose of 2µM showed no effect on the growth of breast cancer or non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines. However, a significant increase in inhibition of cellular proliferation of breast cancer cells was demonstrated when tamoxifen (2µM) was used in combination with HPIMBD at its IC50 dose. To investigate the mechanism of inhibition, autophagy markers, beclin-1 and LC3B were quantified by Western blot analyses. The combination treatment significantly increased the expression of autophagy marker beclin-1 and the cleavage of LC3BI to LC3BII. Cell cycle analysis showed an arrest in the S-phase by HPIMBD and G0/G1-phase by tamoxifen. Our studies suggest that a combination of tamoxifen and HPIMBD synergistically inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Autophagy and cell cycle arrest appear to be the primary mechanisms of inhibition by the combination treatment. Citation Format: Amruta Mukund Ronghe, Anwesha Chatterjee, Fatma Abdalla, Hari K. Bhat. Tamoxifen synergizes cytotoxic activity of 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene, 1,2-diol} (HPIMBD), a novel resveratrol analogue against breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1234
Crystalline ferroelectrics with a glassy polarization phase

Abstract It is found that, far above the ferroelectric transition temperature, Tc, certain ferroelectric systems show a temperature dependent index of refraction, n(T), that is qualitatively different from ordinary ferroelectrics. We review measurements in these systems and show how some aspects of this n(T) data can be quantitatively understood. This is done by considering the polarization in these materials to arise from very small localized clusters of a few unit cells far above Tc. The strongly broken long range symmetry allows these effects to occur. Furthermore, we find a one-to-one correspondence between ferroelectrics that show this unusual high temperature behavior and those that show glass-like excitations at very low temperatures; this clarifies the ambiguities in the low temperature heat capacity and thermal conductivity results.
Computer Analysis of Planar Curvilinear Moving Images

The present correspondence develops an algorithm for tracking the motion of planar curvilinear moving objects from a sequence of scenes produced by a television camera. The shape of the objects is unrestricted except that holes may not be present. The shape of the objects may vary slightly from scene to scene. The linear and angular velocities of the objects are computed, and a model is created and updated each time a new scene is processed. Furthermore, the algorithm generates a prediction of each successive input scene. The algorithm is implemented in the computer language Lisp, and experimental results are presented.
246 ASSOCIATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS WITHIN THE BOVINE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 GENE AND CALVING RATES

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are induced by various stressors such as heat, cold, toxins, and oxygen deprivation. Our objective was to determine the relationship among polymorphisms in the Hsp70 gene, forage system, and calving rates. Genomic DNA for 77 cows was purified from the buffy coats of EDTA-treated whole blood. The cows were Angus (n = 20), Brahman (n = 26), and reciprocal crosses (n = 31). Cows were assigned to and remained on their respective forage system for the duration of the experiment (8 years). Forage systems were endophyte-infected toxic tall fescue (E+) or common bermudagrass (CB). Specific primers for bovine Hsp70 (HSP1778F: CGCTGGAGTCGTACGCCTTC; HSP2326R: CTTGGAAGTAAACAGAAACGGG) were used for PCR amplification of a 523-base segment (based on GenBank accession number U09861). The PCR product was sequenced in both directions. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified, and they were located at base positions 1851 (n = 6), 1902 (n = 4), 1917 (n = 4), 1926 (n =4), 2033 (n = 20), 2087 (n = 6), and 2098 (n =4). Concentrations of Hsp70, Julian date, and lifetime calving rate were analyzed by ANOVA, with each SNP represented as the main effect in the model. Two SNP resulted in altered peptide sequences, also known as mis-sense mutations (1926, aspartic acid to glutamic acid, and 2033, glycine to alanine). Five unique haplotypes were deduced based on the SNP profile (GCGCGCT, GCGCCCT, ACGCGCT, GCGCGGT, GTTGGCA, respectively, for haplotype 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Plasma concentrations of Hsp70 were affected by an interaction (P < 0.05) between Hsp70 haplotype and forage system. Cows with haplotypes 4 and 5 consuming fescue had higher plasma Hsp70 concentrations than other cows (5.4, 5.1, 3.8, 5.1, 5.2, 5.1, 5.7, 4.2, 22.4, and 9 MSE 1.5 ng mL-1, respectively, for 1-5 CB and 1-5 E+). That same interaction tended (P < 0.09) to be associated with lifetime calving percentage. Cows with haplotype 4 consuming bermudagrass had the lowest calving rate (58%). These results suggest that the Hsp70 gene in cattle is polymorphic, and those polymorphisms are related to cattle fertility.
Durable Constitutional Rules and Rent Seeking

Many constitutional political economists argue that the length of time constitutions remain in effect distinguishes constitutional politics from legislative politics. The author explores the role of constitutional durability in a repeated rent-seeking game. A general interest (e.g., consumers) in the game can lobby for a constitutional prohibition that prevents the rent-seeking contest from occurring. A durable constitution can reduce expected rent-seeking expenditures if constitutional politics occurs less frequently than legislative politics, stable rights to receive rents do not exist, and the general interest has a longer time horizon than rent seekers. Under these conditions, general interest lobbying for a constitutional prohibition denies transfers to future rent seekers unable to participate in politics today.
Minibatch and Parallelization for Online Large Margin Structured Learning

Online learning algorithms such as perceptron and MIRA have become popular for many NLP tasks thanks to their simpler architecture and faster convergence over batch learning methods. However, while batch learning such as CRF is easily parallelizable, online learning is much harder to parallelize: previous efforts often witness a decrease in the converged accuracy, and the speedup is typically very small ( 3) even with many (10+) processors. We instead present a much simpler architecture based on “mini-batches”, which is trivially parallelizable. We show that, unlike previous methods, minibatch learning (in serial mode) actually improves the converged accuracy for both perceptron and MIRA learning, and when combined with simple parallelization, minibatch leads to very significant speedups (up to 9x on 12 processors) on stateof-the-art parsing and tagging systems.
Parametric Study of Dual-Expander Aerospike Nozzle Upper-Stage Rocket Engine

TheAir Force Institute ofTechnology is studying anewupper-stage rocket engine architecture: the dual-expander aerospike nozzle. The goal of this research is to provide themaximum thrust-to-weight ratio in an engine that delivers aminimumof 50,000 lbf vacuum thrustwith a vacuumspecific impulse of 464 s. Previouswork focused ondeveloping an initial design to demonstrate the feasibility of the dual-expander aerospike nozzle architecture. That work culminated in adesign exceeding the requirements, delivering an estimated 57,000 lbf thrustwith a specific impulse of 472 s by using an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of 7.03, a total mass flow of 121 lbm=s, and an engine length of 38 in. These results were computed in a numerical model of the engine. Current work expands the model in preparation for optimizing its thrust-to-weight ratio. The changes to the model are designed to support running automated parametric and optimization studies. Parametric studies varying oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, totalmassflow, and chamber length show that a dual-expander aerospike nozzle engine can achieve 50,000 lbf vacuum thrust and 489 s vacuum Isp with an oxidizer-to-fuel ratio of six, a total mass flow of 104 lbm=s (a reduction of 14%), and an engine length of 27.9 in. (a reduction of over 25%), which should equate to a significant weight savings over the original design.
Sport-type differences in alcohol use among intercollegiate athletes.

Prior research has found that (a) intercollegiate athletes are especially “at-risk” for excessive alcohol consumption (e.g., Nelson & Wechsler, 2001), and (b) sport-type differences exist among college athletes in terms of yearly drinking prevalence rates (National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2001). No studies, however, have examined sport-type differences on more specific measures of alcohol consumption (e.g., drinks per week), or examined potential mediators of the relationship between sport type and alcohol consumption. In the present study, data were analyzed on 298 intercollegiate athletes from two different universities. Resuls indicated significant sport type differences on alcohol consumption variables, with athletes from the sports of swimming and diving reporting the highest levels of alcohol consumption. Results provided partial support for the role of positively reinforcing drinking motives in mediating the sport type–alcohol consumption relationship. Findings are discussed in light of pr...
Physical Information Theory Part I. Quasiclassical Systems

A short review of the development of the physical information theory is presented. The entropy defect principle is formulated for quasiclassical systems. The concept of ideal physical information channels is iintroduced. It is shown that information properties of such a channel with independent additive noise can be ontained from the thermodynamic description of the physical system that transmits information. BrillouinS conjecture of minimum enerrgy per unit of information is proved for this type of channels.
Physically dispersing an operating system

Computer systems can be d the system geography (such as a computer network); the processing (such as a multiprocessor or a multicomputer); the data (such as a partitioned or a replicated database); the operating system (such as a network OS or a decentralized OS). These senses of distribution are not independent, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in various circumstances, as well as its own research problems. However, some senses are becoming better understood than others, and some are becoming recognized as more fundamentally important than others. Distributing the user access or the system geography per se can be regarded as neither especially challenging nor critically fundamental technology. Distributing the (user portion of the) processing is important, and the ease of doing so is, to a first order approximation, determined by the extent and manner in which the data and operating system are distributed. It currently seems to be these latter two aspects of computing whose distribution involves the most essential, and difficult, new technology.
Neural network approach to process jet fragmentation information

Recent progress on the development and applications of novel neurocomputing techniques for pattern recognition problems of relevance to nuclear experiments is reviewed. A high-pass neural filter was developed for jet analysis. The weights of the neural filter were learned by error propagation of a simulated nuclear reaction. It is shown that the method recovered the primordial jet distribution to a surprising high degree of accuracy. >
ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS OF SOUR CHERRIES

Fresh fruits of tart cherries (Prunus cerasus L. var. Montmorency) were extracted with acidic methanol. The anthocyanin pigments were isolated and purified by conventional paper chromatography. They were identified by spectral and Rf data and by acid hydrolysis. The pigments were cy anidin-3-glucosylrutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucosylsambubioside, cyani-din-3-sophoroside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and peoni-din-3-rutinoside. No free cyanidin or peonidin was found. Cyanidin-3-glucosylsambubioside, reported in cherries for the first time, was also found in the varieties of English Morello, Early Richmond and Meteor
Abyssal Ocean Warming and Salinification after Weddell Polynyas in the GFDL CM2G Coupled Climate Model

AbstractThe role of Weddell Sea polynyas in establishing deep-ocean properties is explored in the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s (GFDL) coupled climate model CM2G. Using statistical composite analysis of over 30 polynya events that occur in a 2000-yr-long preindustrial control run, the temperature, salinity, and water mass changes associated with the composite event are quantified. For the time period following the composite polynya cessation, termed the “recovery,” warming between 0.002° and 0.019°C decade−1 occurs below 4200 m in the Southern Ocean basins. Temperature and salinity changes are strongest in the Southern Ocean and the South Atlantic near the polynya formation region. Comparison of the model results with abyssal temperature observations reveals that the 1970s Weddell Polynya recovery could account for 10% ± 8% of the recent warming in the abyssal Southern Ocean. For individual Southern Ocean basins, this percentage is as little as 6% ± 11% or as much as 34% ± 13%.
Outerdirectedness in Children of Three Ages as a Function of Experimentally Induced Success and Failure.

Studied the problem-solving style of outerdirected ness in children from three grades under two conditions—experimentally induced success and failure. The total sample of 60 subjects were stratified by grade (second, fourth, and sixth) and sex. Subjects in each of the groups thus created were randomly assigned to treatment conditions. Success and failure were experimentally induced by means of a puzzle task, and subjects were then required to perform two dependent tasks (a puzzle task and a sticker game imitation) from which outerdirectedness was inferred. Results supported the hypothesis that children shift from an outerdirected to an innerdirected problem-solving style as age increases. No sex differences were found on any dependent measure. The hypothesized effect of failure resulting in greater outerdirectedness received partial support, in that subjects evidenced more outerdirected behavior under failure conditions on the criterion puzzle task. This was possibly due to the similarity between experimental and criterion tasks. Several methodological issues pertaining to experimental induction of failure, the task-specific nature of outerdirectedness, and the validity of the dependent tasks for assessing outerdirectedness were discussed. Outerdirectedness is defined as a style of problem solving characterized by a reliance on concrete situational cues rather than by active attempts to deduce abstract relationships. In essence, this means that the individual whose problem solving is characterized as outerdirected relies unduly on external cues resulting in little reliance on his own cognitive resources. The vast majority of research on outerdirectedness has focused upon mentally retarded subjects (see Sanders, Zigler, & Butterfield, 1968; Turnure, 1970a, 1970b, 1970c, 1973; Turnure & Zigler, 1964), since outerdirectedness as a construct first arose out of a series of studies by Zigler (1966) and his associates which grew out of motivational explanations for what previously
Comparison of two types of mechanical assistance in experimental heart failure.

In open-chest dog experiments, 7 different types of cardiac failure were produced. In each type of failure, the effect of veno-arterial pumping and of left ventricular bypass (blood pumped from the left atrium to femoral artery) was investigated. Pressures were recorded in the left ventricle, the left atrium, the right ventricle, and the femoral artery. Veno-arterial pumping reversed failure of the right ventricle. It also was beneficial when overtransfusion had aggravated failure of the right or left ventricles, except in pre-existing aortic insufficiency. Veno-arterial pumping markedly increased decompensation of the left heart in the majority of observations, even though it occasionally reduced pressures in the left atrium and the right ventricle. The experiments suggest the use of veno-arterial pumping or of partial bypass with a heart-lung machine in acute cor pulmonale and in pulmonary congestion caused by abnormalities of the mitral valve where the left ventricle remains compensated. Veno-arterial pumping appears contraindicated in true failure of the left ventricle. Left ventricular bypass always restored compensation in all types of heart failure except cor pumonale. The experiments suggest the clinical use of left ventricular bypass in left heart failure.
Development of an in vivo rabbit ulnar loading model.

article i nfo Ulnar and tibial cyclic compression in rats and mice have become the preferred animal models for investigating the effects of mechanical loading on bone modeling/remodeling. Unlike rodents, rabbits provide a larger bone volume and normally exhibit intracortical Haversian remodeling, which may be advantageous for investigating mechanobiology and pharmaceutical interventions in cortical bone. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and validate an in vivo rabbit ulnar loading model. Ulnar tissue strains during loading of intact forelimbs were characterized and calibrated to applied loads using strain gauge measurements and specimen- specific finite element models. Periosteal bone formation in response to varying strain levels was measured by dynamic histomorphometry at the location of maximum strain in the ulnar diaphysis. Ulnae loaded at 3000 microstrain did not exhibit periosteal bone formation greater than the contralateral controls. Ulnae loaded at 3500, 4000, and 4500 microstrain exhibited a dose-dependent increase in periosteal mineralizing surface (MS/BS) compared with contralateral controls during the second week of loading. Ulnae loaded at 4500 microstrain exhibited the most robust response with significantly increased MS/BS at multiple time points ex- tending at least 2 weeks after loading was ceased. Ulnae loaded at 5250 microstrain exhibited significant woven bone formation. Rabbits required greater strain levels to produce lamellar and woven bone on periosteal surfaces compared with rats and mice, perhaps due to lower basal levels of MS/BS. In summary, bone adaptation during rabbit ulnar loading was tightly controlled and may provide a translatable model for human bone biology in preclinical investigations of metabolic bone disease and pharmacological treatments.
Favorable pregnancy outcomes following continual intramuscular lorazepam use in late pregnancy

Use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy is controversial due to conflicting studies in the literature. Furthermore, few published reports on continual use of parenteral benzodiazepines during the third trimester of pregnancy have been published. This case report evaluates the use of high-dose intramuscular lorazepam in a pregnant patient during her last three weeks of gestation.
Therapeutic Utility of Phosphodiesterase Type I Inhibitors in Neurological Conditions

Neuronal plasticity is an essential property of the brain that is impaired in different neurological conditions. Phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) inhibitors can enhance levels of the second messengers cAMP/cGMP leading to the expression of neuronal plasticity-related genes, neurotrophic factors, and neuroprotective molecules. These neuronal plasticity enhancement properties make PDE1 inhibitors good candidates as therapeutic agents in many neurological conditions. However, the lack of specificity of the drugs currently available poses a challenge to the systematic evaluation of the beneficial effect of these agents. The development of more specific drugs may pave the way for the use of PDE1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents in cases of neurodevelopmental conditions such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.