cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Casein biosynthesis: Evidence for phosphorylation of precursor proteins

Abstract 1. 1. To determine whether casein is phosphorylated after completion of the polypeptide chains, the incorporation of [ 32 P]P i in the presence of puromycyin was studied using mouse mammary gland explants. The rate of incorporation of [ 32 P]P i into casein was much greater than that of 14 C-labeled amino acids for the first 2 h, after which [ 32 P]P i incorporation proceeded in parallel with 14 C-labeled amino acid incorporation. 2. 2. The proteins made in the presence of puremycin and isolated by rennin-Ca 2+ precipitation are authentic casein, as shown by starch-gel electrophoresis. The casein electrophoretic components are phosphorylated at approximately the same relative rates in the presence or absence of puromycin. 3. 3. Chase experiments revealed no exchanged of the 32 P in the biosynthetic casein. 4. 4. It is concluded that a pool of unphosphorylated or incompletely phosphorylated casein exists in mammary gland, and that phosphorylation of the polypeptide chains is a major biosynthetic mechanism for incorporation of phosphate into casein.
Advanced breast biopsy instrumentation: a critique

Abstract Background: Large-core biopsies or open biopsies with needle localization have been the mainstay of treatment for evaluating nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities. The newly introduced Advanced Breast Biopsy Instrumentation (ABBI) system combines digital stereotactic imaging with a highly developed single-use biopsy device to locate and remove a radiographically discovered breast lesion to an accuracy of 1 mm. Study Design: We conducted a review of the first 58 cases involving the use of the ABBI system. This article evaluates the accuracy of specimen targeting, the success rate of lesion removal, the operative complications, the mechanical difficulties, and patient satisfaction with the ABBI system. Results: The lesion was removed successfully in 47 of the 58 cases. Nine patients were eliminated in initial screening and the procedure could not be completed in two. Although the success rate was high, 14 of the procedures required conversion to "open" ABBI procedures for completion of the biopsy. Conclusions: The ABBI system is an alternative to open biopsy with needle localization or large-core biopsy for nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities. This technique allows complete removal of the lesion in a one-step procedure. The ABBI system has certain limitations and mechanical problems, at least currently, and offers an advantage over current diagnostic modalities in a very limited number of cases only.
FLUORESCENCE AND THE STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS. IV. IODINATED TYROSYL RESIDUES.

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in fluorescence upon iodination of the phenolic rings were followed for tyrosine, Tyr-Tyr, insulin and ribonuclease. Losses of fluorescence appear to arise from two sources. One is the complete loss from the tyrosyl residues that were iodinated; the second is the partial loss of fluorescence of non-iodinated tyrosyl residues by transfer of excitation energy to the iodotyrosyl residues. Equations were derived for evaluation of the efficiency of iodotyrosyl residues as energy sinks. 2. 2. Fluorimetric titration curves of partially iodinated Tyr-Tyr and ribonuclease indicate that the sink efficiency of iodotyrosyl residues in these compounds is not sensitive to the ionization state of the iodotyrosyl residues.
Bioconversion of acid-hydrolyzed poplar hemicellulose to acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum

Clostridium thermoaceticum was used to ferment carbohydrate released from pretreated oat splet xylan and hemicellulose isolated from hybrid poplar. Hydrolysis with dilute sulfuric acid (2.5% (v/v) for oat spelt xylan and 4.0% (v/v) for poplar hemicellulose) at 100°C for 60 min was found to release the highest concentration of fermentable substrate.C. thermoaceticum, when grown in non-pH controlled batch culture at 55°C under a headspace of 100% CO2, typically produced 14gl−1 acetic acid during a 48 h fermentation in medium containing 2% xylose. In fed-batch fermentations this organism was able to produce 42gl−1 acetic acid after 116h when the concentration of xylose was maintained at approximately 2% and the pH was controlled at 7.0.
The vibrational spectra of molecular ions isolated in solid neon. XIV. CH3F+, CH3Cl+, CH3Br+, and their ylidion isomers

When a Ne:CH3X (X=F, Cl, Br) sample is codeposited at approximately 5 K with neon atoms that have been excited in a microwave discharge, the infrared spectrum of the resulting solid deposit includes prominent absorptions which can be assigned to cation products. It has previously been established that the ylidion (H2CXH+) isomers have stable potential minima and that H2CFH+ is lower in energy than CH3F+. The identification of the new absorptions is aided by experimental studies on isotopically substituted Ne:CH3X samples and by ab initio calculations of the structures and vibrational fundamentals of both CH3X+ and H2CXH+. In each of the three systems, a prominent absorption which is intermediate in frequency between the gas-phase (and neon-matrix) absorptions of HX and HX+ can be assigned to the ylidion, as can be several other absorptions. Still other absorptions can be assigned to CH3Cl+ and CH3Br+. The behavior of the product absorptions on exposure of the deposit to filtered visible and ultraviolet ra...
The pMELTS: A revision of MELTS for improved calculation of phase relations and major element partitioning related to partial melting of the mantle to 3 GPa

[1] We describe a newly calibrated model for the thermodynamic properties of magmatic silicate liquid. The new model, pMELTS, is based on MELTS [Ghiorso and Sack, 1995] but has a number of improvements aimed at increasing the accuracy of calculations of partial melting of spinel peridotite. The pMELTS algorithm uses models of the thermodynamic properties of minerals and the phase equilibrium algorithms of MELTS, but the model for silicate liquid differs from MELTS in the following ways: (1) The new algorithm is calibrated from an expanded set of mineral-liquid equilibrium constraints from 2439 experiments, 54% more than MELTS. (2) The new calibration includes mineral components not considered during calibration of MELTS and results in 11,394 individual mineral-liquid calibration constraints (110% more than MELTS). Of these, 4924 statements of equilibrium are from experiments conducted at elevated pressure (200% more than MELTS). (3) The pMELTS model employs an improved liquid equation of state based on a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation, calibrated from high-pressure sink-float and shockwave experiments to 10 GPa. (4) The new model employs a revised set of end-member liquid components. The revised components were chosen to better span liquid composition-space. Thermodynamic properties of these components are optimized as part of the mineral-liquid calibration. Comparison of pMELTS to partial melting relations of spinel peridotite from experiments near 1 GPa indicates significant improvements relative to MELTS, but important outstanding problems remain. The pMELTS model accurately predicts oxide concentrations, including SiO2, for liquids from partial melting of MM3 peridotite at 1 GPa from near the solidus up to � 25% melting. Compared to experiments, the greatest discrepancy is for MgO, for which the calculations are between 1 and 4% high. Temperatures required to achieve a given melt fraction match those of the experiments near the solidus but are � 60� C high over much of the spinel lherzolite melting interval at this pressure. Much of this discrepancy can probably be attributed to overstabilization of clinopyroxene in pMELTS under these conditions. Comparison of pMELTS calculations to the crystallization and partial melting experiments of Falloon et al. [1999] shows excellent agreement but also suffers from exaggerated calculated stability of clinopyroxene. Finally, comparison of pMELTS
Describing Patterns of Weight Changes Using Principal Components Analysis: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Research Group

Purpose To demonstrate how principal components analysis can be used to describe patterns of weight changes in response to an intensive lifestyle intervention. Methods Principal components analysis was applied to monthly percent weight changes measured on 2,485 individuals enrolled in the lifestyle arm of the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) clinical trial. These individuals were 45 to 75 years of age, with type 2 diabetes and body mass indices greater than 25 kg/m 2 . Associations between baseline characteristics and weight loss patterns were described using analyses of variance. Results Three components collectively accounted for 97.0% of total intrasubject variance: a gradually decelerating weight loss (88.8%), early versus late weight loss (6.6%), and a mid-year trough (1.6%). In agreement with previous reports, each of the baseline characteristics we examined had statistically significant relationships with weight loss patterns. As examples, males tended to have a steeper trajectory of percent weight loss and to lose weight more quickly than women. Individuals with higher hemoglobin A 1c (glycosylated hemoglobin; HbA 1c ) tended to have a flatter trajectory of percent weight loss and to have mid-year troughs in weight loss compared to those with lower HbA 1c . Conclusions Principal components analysis provided a coherent description of characteristic patterns of weight changes and is a useful vehicle for identifying their correlates and potentially for predicting weight control outcomes.
Depression and Other Psychological Issues in Chronic Kidney Disease

Depression, anxiety, and other psychological issues are more prevalent among patients with chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to the general population and patients in primary care settings. Nearly one out of four or five patients with kidney disease experiences a major depressive disorder (MDD), which is greater than the proportion with depression reported for other chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure. It is well established that the presence of either high scores on depressive symptom severity scales or a clinical diagnosis of MDD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among patients with CKD or those treated with maintenance dialysis. Therefore, recognizing depressive symptoms, diagnosing MDD, and excluding other conditions such as anxiety, pain, somatic symptoms of uremia, dementia, and delirium are very important to develop appropriate management strategies for such patients. Validated tools can be used to screen for depressive symptoms, and a clinical diagnosis of depression should be confirmed in those who screen positive either by using a structured clinician-administered interview or by referral to mental health, based on complexity of the presentation and presence of comorbid psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorders. Risk for suicide should be ascertained and triaged appropriately. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can be applied to treat MDD in patients with CKD, but data on safety and efficacy are limited. If antidepressant medications are considered, they should be initiated at a low dose and titrated up based on frequent monitoring to ensure tolerability and response to treatment.
Training Signal Design for Estimation of Correlated MIMO Channels With Colored Interference

In this paper, we study the problem of estimating correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels in the presence of colored interference. The linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimator is derived and the optimal training sequences are designed based on the MSE of channel estimation. We propose an algorithm to estimate the long-term channel statistics needed for the construction of the optimal training sequences. We also design an efficient scheme to feed back the required information to the transmitter where we can approximately construct the optimal sequences. Numerical results show that the optimal training sequences provide substantial performance gain for channel estimation when compared with other training sequences
Exchange rates of yellowfin and bigeye tunas and fishery interaction between Cross seamount and near-shore FADs in Hawaii

Des albacores et des thons obeses (Thunnus albacores et Thunnus obesus) ont ete marques et relâches entre aout 1995 et decembre 1997 au mont sous-marin Cross et aux bouees meteorologiques de la NOAA a environ 200 milles nautiques au sud d'Honolulu. Les donnees de marquage et de recapture stratifiees en 5 sites et un modele de transfert global a ete utilise pour estimer la mortalite naturelle, la mortalite par peche et le taux de transfert entre les 5 sites. Le thon obese demeure davantage au mont sous-marin Cross, et est moins vulnerable a la peche, que l'albacore. La peche au niveau du mont sous-marin Cross, compte pour environ 5 % de la mortalite totale pour les deux especes. L'albacore est une composante majeure des captures au niveau des dispositifs de concentrations de poissons (DCP) a Hawai. Le taux d'immigration du mont sous-marin Cross, vers les DCP cotiers, est tres faible pour les deux especes. La mortalite par peche au niveau du mont sous-marin est consequente mais n'a pas d'impact defavorable sur les populations, que ce soit au mont sous-marin Cross ou au niveau des DCP cotiers.
Introduction to Sample Size Choice for Confidence Intervals Based on t Statistics

Sample size can be chosen to achieve a specified width in a confidence interval. The probability of obtaining a narrow width given that the confidence interval includes the population parameter is defined as the power of the confidence interval, a concept unfamiliar to many practitioners. This article shows how to utilize the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) proc power procedure to determine an appropriate sample size and achieve sufficient power for a specified confidence interval. Two examples in sport and exercise science are used to illustrate sample size determination for confidence intervals in the dependent and independent t tests. The relevant SAS code and output are provided with detailed annotations. As the use of confidence intervals becomes a more integral part of studies in sport and exercise science, the reporting and analysis of their power should be considered much like that of hypothesis tests.
Genomic analysis of between-cow variation in dermal fibroblast response to lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract The innate immune response plays a major role in defense against mastitis-causing pathogens. Identification of existing variation in innate immune signaling among cows and the underlying molecular causes for the variation may help in design of new mastitis control strategies. The dermal fibroblast has been used as a model cell type to explore between-cow variation in the ability of cells to produce IL-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, and this response appears related to an animal's ability to respond to in vivo challenge with LPS or Escherichia coli mastitis. In this study, primary dermal fibroblast cultures of cows and microarray-based genomic analysis were used to investigate the cause(s) for the variable response to LPS. Fibroblast cultures from 2 cows, one with a low response phenotype (LR array ) and another with a high response phenotype (HR array ), were selected from our collection of fibroblast cultures established from 88 cows. The LR array fibroblast culture produced approximately 5-fold less IL-8 and IL-6 protein in response to 24-h LPS treatment than the HR array fibroblast culture. Genomic analysis of RNA obtained from 3 replicates of the 2 cultures before and after 8-h LPS treatment revealed a combined LPS-induced differential expression of 321 transcripts, indicating the robust response capability of the fibroblast cell. Under basal conditions, the microarray analysis revealed 2-fold less expression of toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) in the LR array fibroblasts compared with the HR array fibroblasts, and this was associated with a marked reduction in expression of genes regulated by the TLR4-MyD88-dependent and TLR4-TRIF-dependent pathways ( IL-8 , IL-6 , SAA3 , CCL20 , MX1 , IRF1 , and ISG20). The between-culture differential expression of TLR4 was confirmed and extended by quantitative PCR analysis (QPCR) that revealed a 33-fold lower expression of TLR4 in the LR array fibroblast culture. After LPS treatment, the difference in TLR4 expression increased to almost 50-fold and was associated with more than 8-fold lower expression of IL-8 and IL-6 . No DNA sequence variations were identified in the proximal 1,300-bp promoter region of the TLR4 gene, and microarray analysis did not reveal a molecular explanation for the reduced TLR4 expression under either basal conditions or following exposure to LPS. The attenuated innate immune response of the LR array fibroblast culture to LPS may be caused by reduced TLR4 receptor expression. Also, the primary dermal fibroblast cells can be used to examine underlying causes for between-cow variations in key immune response pathways.
Virulence and Metabolic Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains with Different sefD Variants in Hens

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of a few Salmonella enterica serotypes that has SEF14 fimbriae encoded by the sef operon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes, sefABCD, regulated by sefR. A parental strain was used to construct a sefD mutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. Transcription of sefD by wild type was suppressed at 42°C and absent for the mutant under conditions where the complemented mutant had 103 times higher transcription. Growth of the complemented mutant was restricted in comparison to that of the mutant and wild type. Hens infected with the wild type and mutant showed decreased blood calcium and egg production, but infection with the complemented mutant did not. Thus, the absence of sefD correlated with increased metabolic capacity and enhanced virulence of the pathogen. These results suggest that any contribution that sefD makes to egg contamination is either unknown or would be limited to early transmission from the environment to the host. Absence of sefD, either through mutation or by suppression of transcription at the body temperature of the host, may contribute to the virulence of Salmonella enterica by facilitating growth on a wide range of metabolites.
A search for the photoreceptor in the photosensitive irises of normally pigmented and albino hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

Hamsters are among the mammalian species whose irises are directly sensitive to light, responding with a constriction even when completely isolated from the rest of the hamster. Examination of the ultrastructure of the irises of both normally pigmented and albino hamsters disclosed a typical vertebrate iris, containing a sphincter and dilator pupillae, an anterior stromal layer, and two layers of pigment epithelial cells. No structures obviously specialized for photoreception were found. We examined the possibility that the pigment granules in the cells of the sphincter pupillae are photosensitive, and that their electron-dense melanin masks some photosensitive structure. However, this was ruled out by the observation that albino irises, which are photosensitive, are devoid of even rudimentary pigment granules. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sarcolemmas of the smooth muscle cells of the sphincter pupillae are photosensitive in this species.
Externally driven plasmaspheric ULF waves observed by the Van Allen Probes

We analyze data acquired by the Van Allen Probes on 8 November 2012, during a period of extended low geomagnetic activity, to gain new insight into plasmaspheric ultralow frequency (ULF) waves. The waves exhibited strong spectral power in the 5–40 mHz band and included multiharmonic toroidal waves visible up to the eleventh harmonic, unprecedented in the plasmasphere. During this wave activity, the interplanetary magnetic field cone angle was small, suggesting that the waves were driven by broadband compressional ULF waves originating in the foreshock region. This source mechanism is supported by the tailward propagation of the compressional magnetic field perturbations at a phase velocity of a few hundred kilometers per second that is determined by the cross-phase analysis of data from the two spacecraft. We also find that the coherence and phase delay of the azimuthal components of the magnetic field from the two spacecraft strongly depend on the radial separation of the spacecraft and attribute this feature to field line resonance effects. Finally, using the observed toroidal wave frequencies, we estimate the plasma mass density for L = 2.6–5.8. By comparing the mass density with the electron number density that is estimated from the spectrum of plasma waves, we infer that the plasma was dominated by H+ ions and was distributed uniformly along the magnetic field lines. The electron density is higher than the prediction of saturated plasmasphere models, and this “super saturated” plasmasphere and the uniform ion distribution are consistent with the low geomagnetic activity that prevailed.
Penetration of Salmonella Through a Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial Cell Monolayer

Many intracellular parasites are capable of penetrating host epithelial barriers. To study this process in more detail we examined the interactions between the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella choleraesuis and polarized epithelial monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on membrane filters. Association of bacteria with the MDCK cell apical surface was an active event, requiring bacterial RNA and protein synthesis, and was blocked by low temperatures. Salmonella were internalized within a membrane-bound vacuole and exhibited penetration through, but not between MDCK cells. A maximum of 14 Salmonella per MDCK cell crossed the monolayer per hour to the basolateral surface yet the monolayer remained viable and impermeable to Escherichia coli. Apical S. choleraesuis infection resulted in an increase in paracellular permeability but the MDCK intercellular contacts were not significantly disrupted. Basolateral S. choleraesuis infection was inefficient, and only small numbers of S. choleraesuis penetrated to the apical medium.
Sleep quality in older adults: effects of exercise training and influence of sunlight exposure.

To the Editor. —Dr King and colleagues 1 reported that, following 16 weeks of exercise training, older adults with moderate sleep complaints exhibited self-reported reductions in sleep-onset latency and increases in sleep duration of approximately 15 minutes and 50 minutes per night, respectively. In an Editorial accompanying the article, Dr Buchner 2 stated, "The study found exercise caused improvements in sleep quality." This statement is not defensible scientifically because all plausible alternative explanations for these findings were not ruled out. The circadian system is a major determinant of both sleeponset latency and sleep duration. In older adults, an advanced circadian phase and a reduced circadian amplitude are thought to contribute to sleep disturbances. 3 Moreover, the weight of the available evidence suggests that exposure to bright light can be helpful in treating certain sleep problems in the elderly, presumably via a circadian mechanism because appropriately timed exposure to bright light
Okazaki fragment maturation in yeast. II. Cooperation between the polymerase and 3'-5'-exonuclease activities of Pol delta in the creation of a ligatable nick.

To address the different functions of Pol δ and FEN1 (Rad27) in Okazaki fragment maturation, exonuclease-deficient polymerase Pol δ-01 and Pol δ-5DV (corresponding to alleles pol3–01-(D321A, E323A) and pol3–5DV-(D520V), respectively) were purified and characterized in this process. In the presence of the replication clamp PCNA, both wild-type and exo− Pol δ carried out strand displacement synthesis with similar rates; however, initiation of strand displacement synthesis was much more efficient with Pol δ-exo−. When Pol δ-exo− encountered a downstream primer, it paused with 3–5 nucleotides of the primer displaced, whereas the wild type carried out precise gap filling. Consequently, in the absence of FEN1, Pol δ exonuclease activity was essential for closure of simple gaps by DNA ligase. Compared with wild type, Okazaki fragment maturation with Pol δ-exo−proceeded with an increased duration of nick translation prior to ligation. Maturation was efficient in the absence of Dna2 and required Dna2 only when FEN1 activity was compromised. In agreement with these results, the proposed generation of double strand breaks inpol3-exo − rad27 mutants was suppressed by the overexpression of DNA2. Further genetic studies showed that pol3-exo − rad27 double mutants were sensitive to alkylation damage consistent with an in vivo defect in gap filling by exonuclease-deficient Pol δ.
Contingent Tolerance and Cross Tolerance to Anticonvulsant Effects in Amygdala-Kindled Seizures

A unique form of pharmacodynamic tolerance develops when effective anticonvulsants are given as pre-treatment before once-daily amygdala-kindled seizures in animals.1,2 This loss of efficacy (i.e., tolerance) is contingent upon the drug’s administration before, but not immediately after, the kindling stimulation.3, 4, 5, 6 This form of tolerance can be reversed after a period of seizures off anticonvulsants, or even continuing to give anticonvulsants on a once-daily basis but after a fully developed kindled seizure has already occurred.
Echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular filling in isolated pure chronic aortic regurgitation.

Abstract Left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling was assessed using digitized M-mode echocardiography in 12 patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and in 12 normal subjects. Ten patients with AR were asymptomatic and 2 patients had congestive heart failure. LV chamber dimensions, fractional shortening and the rate of change of LV dimensions during systole and diastole were determined. In addition, the timing of the rate of change of LV dimensions in diastole (peak dD dt , 50% peak dD dt and 20% peak dD dt ) was also measured. Patients with AR had a significant reduction in dD dt (12.2 ± 3.5 cm/s in patients with AR vs 15.9 ± 1.9 cm/s in normal subjects, p dD dt (160 ± 35.2 ms in patients with AR vs 86 ± 17.6 ms in normal subjects, p dD dt ) were normal, and showed no correlation with the calculated LV mass (r = 0.14). The delay in the diastolic filling velocities (peak dD dt , 50% and 20% peak dD dt ) was associated with a decreased rate of change of LV dimension in diastole, suggesting delayed early LV filling. These findings indicate an abnormality of LV diastolic filling in patients with symptomatic as well as asymptomatic AR and suggest that diastolic abnormalities may precede echocardiographic indexes of systolic LV dysfunction.
Unexpected Infant Deaths Associated With the Use of Cough and Cold Medications: In Reply

The 2 infants in our study who had been exposed to ambroxol were Hispanic, and we presumed that their parents had purchased the ambroxol-containing cough and cold medication in Mexico. Arizona pediatricians frequently report that parents obtain …
Steel Beam-Column Design: New, Fast, and Practical Approach

A new approach and tables developed for design of steel beam-columns are presented. The new method, which was adopted by the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and has been included in the third edition of the AISC-LRFD Manual of Steel Construction, is an exact, fast, and rational method for effective design of members subjected to combined axial and bending stresses. Numerical example problems are presented to illustrate effective use of the method and tables. Tables developed cover a wide range of W-sections; however, the general approach applies to all sections. Further, the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) method is used in all discussions and examples presented, but the concepts apply equally to design of beam-columns based on the allowable stress design (ASD) method as well.
Statistical Analysis of Inflow and Structural Response Data From the LIST Program

The Long-Term Inflow and Structural Test (LIST) program is gathering inflow and structural response data on a modified version of the Micon 65/13 wind turbine at a test site near Bushland, Texas. Data from 491 ten-minute time data records are analyzed here to determine the dependency of fatigue and extreme loads on inflow parameters. Flap and edge bending moment ranges at a blade root are chosen as the structural response variable, z. Various parameters related to the inflow (including, for example, primary parameters, the mean and standard deviation of the hub-height horizontal wind speed, and secondary parameters, Reynolds stresses, vertical shear exponent, etc.) are each considered in an inflow parameter vector, x. Time series for the structural response, z, are processed in order to obtain a structural response parameter, y, where in separate statistical studies, y is taken to be either an equivalent fatigue load or an extreme load. This paper first describes a procedure by which the important “dependencies” of y on the various variables contained in the inflow parameter vector, x, may be determined considering all the available data. These dependencies of y on x are then recomputed using only the data with above-rated mean wind speeds (taken to be approximately 13 m/s). The procedure employed is similar to other previous studies, but we do not bin the data sets by wind speed since dependencies in one wind speed bin may be different from those in other bins. Also, our procedure, in sharp contrast to previous studies, examines each inflow parameter in the vector, x, in a sequential analysis, rather than by using multivariate regression.
Superficial Bladder Cancer Metastatic to the Lungs: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literature

Bladder cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with mortality related predominantly to metastasis. Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer represent superficial disease that, despite a high risk of local recurrence, rarely progress to invasive or metastatic disease. The present cases demonstrate isolated pulmonary metastases associated with low-grade superficial bladder cancer, without previous evidence of muscle-invasive disease. Distant spread of low-grade superficial tumors is extremely unusual, and we review the literature and discuss the management of this rare entity.
Warriors of Conscience: Uncorroborating the Myths and Omissions of the American Indian and Black American Soldiers Indian Wars History 1865-1890

Black American soldiers sustained a dubious sphere of influence in the history of the American Indian especially after the American Civil War and throughout the period of Euro-American history called “the Indian Wars”, 1865-1890. Up until this examination, it has been the convenient purview of scholars to follow the status quo writings of the overwhelmingly non-Indian interpretation of the events and interactions between American Indian societies and black soldier regiments of the U.S. Army during the so called Indian Wars. Books written about the black regiments also known as the Buffalo Soldiers, discuss the West Point graduate officers, the black regimental chaplains, the daily discriminatory challenges facing these newly freed soldiers both within the military and in the frontier communities and the military battles with the American Indians societies. This thesis uncovers another aspect of the history of the American Indian and African American soldiers, heretofore ignored. These actors, conscripted into a war not of their making were socially and politically aware of their circumstance and their mutual second-class social-political status in the newly forming Eurocentric dominated country. A thorough examination of the attitudes and philosophical understanding of these two ethnic groups during this period of American history has not been characterized, except for anecdotal stories. The consolidated evidence analyzed in this work, speak for itself as to the depth of understanding that both ethnic groups had of the irony of their respective situations. The abundance of evidence demonstrates that contrary to the presentations of previous historical accounts, the American Indian population did not view African Americans and subsequently the black soldier in the same vein as his white comrades and commanders. In today’s politically correct thinking world, it should not be an intellectual revelation to appreciate the tenuous situation it must have been for former enslaved men to follow the oppressive dictates of a government that had just recently given them their liberty. What I demonstrate in this work is that both the American Indians and African American soldiers were conscious of the in congruent basis of their conflict, instigated by the white colonists. While their military interactions consisted largely of em-battlement, there was also a consciousness of thought to their social-political predicament.
LATIN@ ELDERS: Securing Healthy Aging Inspite of Health and Mental Health Disparities

The elder population is the fastest growing subgroup of the U.S. This demographic reality has been referred as the “graying of America” and is the result of improved and longer life expectancy of elders because of the medical advances, technology, lifestyle choices and the “baby boomer” generation. The “graying of America” is also ethnically and racially diverse, and Latin@s are the fastest growing segment of the elder population. This chapter discusses the diversity among Latin@ elders and addresses their perceptions of aging and well-being given their diverse realities and existing health and mental health disparities. Using a social justice frame, the authors examine Latin@ health and mental health disparities and the intersectionality of particular social determinants of health: acculturation and health status, chronic illness and the Hispanic mortality paradox, poverty, adjustment to daily living and health literacy. In spite of health disparities that result from structural inequalities, the authors emphasize three positive influences that affect healthy aging by Latin@ elders: (1) family relationships, (2) social support networks, and (3) health/mental health service delivery system within a community context. The authors illustrate community programs as best practice models that include cultural competence and interprofessional collaborations that challenge the structural inequities to reduce health and mental health disparities within the Latin@ elderly population.
The Tangent Lines of a Conic Section

Dan Wilkins (dwilkins@mail.unomaha.edu) received his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He is a Professor in the Physics Department at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, where he has taught a variety of undergraduate courses in Physics and Astronomy for the past 20 years. He enjoys walking, reading, and listening to music; lately he has taken up the practice of Falun Gong, a cultivation system of mind and body declared illegal and harshly suppressed in mainland China, but much esteemed elsewhere throughout the world. Gravitation, in both its relativistic and Newtonian aspects, has been the prime focus of his study and publication.
Assessing performance, stability, and cleat comfort/support in collegiate club soccer players using prophylactic ankle taping and bracing

Soccer athletes at all levels of play are keenly aware of their equipment needs including cleat wear, and want to be protected from injury but without impeding on-field performance. Ankle injury is a common disorder that is prevalent in the sport of soccer and recent improvements in ankle prophylaxis interventions have proven effective. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of elastic taping or a neoprene sleeve alters performance, stability, and cleat comfort/support in soccer players compared to wearing a soccer cleat without any external support. Twenty male collegiate club soccer players were recruited and randomly assigned to the three conditions (untaped control, taped, neoprene sleeve). Performance testing and comfort/support assessment for each condition took place in one on-field test session, while stability testing was completed during a separate laboratory session. The only significant finding was improved inversion/eversion stability in both the tape and sleeve conditions as compared to the cleated condition. The addition of tape or a sleeve did not have an adverse effect on performance or comfort during functional and stability testing, and should therefore be considered as a method to decrease ankle injuries in soccer athletes as external supports provide increased stability in inversion/eversion range of motion.
An imaging system detectivity metric using energy and power spectral densities

The purpose of this paper is to construct a robust modeling framework for imaging systems in order to predict the performance of detecting small targets such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The underlying principle is to track the flow of scene information and statistics, such as the energy spectra of the target and power spectra of the background, through any number of imaging components. This information is then used to calculate a detectivity metric. Each imaging component is treated as a single linear shift invariant (LSI) component with specified input and output parameters. A component based approach enables the inclusion of existing component-level models and makes it directly compatible with image modeling software such as the Night Vision Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM). The modeling framework also includes a parallel implementation of Monte Carlo simulations designed to verify the analytic approach. However, the Monte Carlo simulations may also be used independently to accurately model nonlinear processes where the analytic approach fails, allowing for even greater extensibility. A simple trade study is conducted comparing the modeling framework to the simulation.
Effects of Different Selenium Sources and Levels on Selenium Content,Antioxidant and Gene Expression in Liver of Breeder Roosters

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different selenium sources and levels on selenium content,antioxidant,selenoenzyme activity and glutathione peroxidase 4(G Px4) gene mRNA relative expression level in liver of breeder roosters.A single factor design was adopted,and one hundred and ninety-six 150-day-old healthy Hy-Line brown breeder roosters were randomly divided into seven groups with four replicates in each group and seven roosters in each replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed the diets supplemented with 0.4,0.8 and 1.2 mg/kg seleno-chitosan(SC) and sodium selenite(SS),respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed as follows: 1) different selenium sources and levels had no significant effect on growth performance(P 0.05).2) The supplementation of SS and SC significantly increased the selenium content in plasma and liver(P 0.05),and with the dietary selenium level increasing,the body selenium content had increased.3) Compared with the control group,the activitives of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total superoxide dismutase and catalase in SC groups were significantly increased(P 0.05);and the malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased(P 0.05).4) Compared with the control group,the activitives of thioredoxin reductase and the iodothyonine deiodinases Ⅰ in SS and SC groups were significantly increased(P 0.05);and SC groups were significantly higher than SS group(P 0.05).5) When selenium supplemental level was 0.8 mg/kg,the G Px4 gene mRNA relative expression level in SC group was significantly higher than that in control group(P 0.05).These results showthat different selenium sources and levels both influence the selenium content,antioxidant,selenoenzyme activity and G Px4 gene mRNA relative expression level in liver of breeder roosters;the organic selenium is better than inorganic selenium.
Treatment options for patients with recurrent, symptomatic pleural effusions secondary to heart failure.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pleural effusions are a common finding in the nearly six million Americans diagnosed with heart failure. This review focuses on the historical, present and potential future trends in the management of such benign pleural effusions. RECENT FINDINGS The management of symptomatic pleural effusions, in general, and in heart failure, specifically, has evolved in the last two decades. With more options, the treatment is often individualized for patients. Newer forms of therapy are also less invasive, resulting in less procedural morbidity, recuperation and cost. SUMMARY The majority of patients with a pleural effusion resulting from heart failure will resolve their symptoms with medical therapy. Patients who experience symptoms from reaccumulation of their effusion have a selection of treatment options that can be individualized based on the patient's prognosis, functional status, need for future intervention and desires.
Mi querido amigo

March 201Your presence still fills hallways across our campus. Last month there were talking circles and volleyball games to recall and commemorate how you touched lives of students, lingering memo...
Bacterial Carriers for Glioblastoma Therapy

Treatment of aggressive glioblastoma brain tumors is challenging, largely due to diffusion barriers preventing efficient drug dosing to tumors. To overcome these barriers, bacterial carriers that are actively motile and programmed to migrate and localize to tumor zones were designed. These carriers can induce apoptosis via hypoxia-controlled expression of a tumor suppressor protein p53 and a pro-apoptotic drug, Azurin. In a xenograft model of human glioblastoma in rats, bacterial carrier therapy conferred a significant survival benefit with 19% overall long-term survival of >100 days in treated animals relative to a median survival of 26 days in control untreated animals. Histological and proteomic analyses were performed to elucidate the safety and efficacy of these carriers, showing an absence of systemic toxicity and a restored neural environment in treated responders. In the treated non-responders, proteomic analysis revealed competing mechanisms of pro-apoptotic and drug-resistant activity. This bacterial carrier opens a versatile avenue to overcome diffusion barriers in glioblastoma by virtue of its active motility in extracellular space and can lead to tailored therapies via tumor-specific expression of tumoricidal proteins.
MLL Modulates Telomere Length in Mammalian Cells.

In mammalian cells, the telomeric complex at the end of chromosomes consists of several thousand copies of the exanucleotide TTAGGG and associated proteins attached to the nuclear matrix. Chromatin modifying enzymes involved in histone H3/lysine 9 and histone H4/lysine 20 trimethylation, and DNA methylation are known to preserve the telomere heterochromatic structure, length and capping function. Loss of these heterochromatic marks leads to telomere lengthening, most likely through the negative regulation of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanisms. The MLL protein is a chromatin modifying enzyme with histone H3/lysine 4 methyltransferase activity, which maintains active transcriptional state of target genes in a large multiprotein complex. Analogously, the yeast’s MLL homologous protein Set1 is part of a multiprotein complex required for maintenance of target genes expression. In addition, Set1 deletion mutants show disruption of telomeric silencing along with telomere shortening or lengthening, respectively in budding and fission yeast. This raised the question of whether MLL, like Set1, plays a role in epigenetic maintenance of telomeric heterochromatin. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, we show that MLL associates with the heterochromatic complex at telomeres of primary and transformed human cell lines. ChIP analysis of cell lines conditionally expressing Flag-tagged MLL chimeric proteins and deletion mutants shows the amino terminus of MLL, which confers association to the nuclear matrix, is responsible for targeting to the telomeric complex. MLL associates with the telomeres of telomerase and ALT positive cell lines in amount that is proportional to the telomere length, as revealed by Southern blot terminal restriction fragment analysis. Moreover, immunoprecipitation analysis evidenced the association of MLL with the terminal-repeat binding factor TRF2, a protein known to play a key role in telomere capping, and indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed MLL and TRF2 colocalization at ALT-associated PML nuclear bodies. In search for possible biological functions of MLL at the telomeric complex, we found abnormally longer telomeres in Mll -null mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and fibroblasts (MEFs) than in wild-type control cells. In Mll -null MEFs, a significant telomere shortening was obtained by stable reexpression of an MLL allele. In addition, we found that in aging human cells the MLL binding to the telomeric complex is abrogated by the progressive telomere shortening due to telomere attrition, suggesting a possible involvement of MLL in signaling for replicative senescence.
The Unmysterious Roles of HSP90: Ovarian Pathology and Autoantibodies.

The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins with important physiological functions, whose synthesis is enhanced by elevated temperature or other stresses. HSPs show high sequence homology between different species, from bacteria to humans. Despite the significant degree of evolutionary conservation, HSPs are highly immunogenic. Of the several HSPs, HSP90 is an abundant, constitutively expressed chaperone constituting around 1–2% of total cellular protein under non-stress conditions. This protein from even the most distantly related eukaryotes has 50% amino acid identity, and all have more than 40% identity with the Escherichia coli protein. They are immunodominant antigens for many common microbes, and thus their epitopes are recognized by the immune system. As HSPs are overexpressed at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, individuals are likely to be sensitized during the course of a microbial infection encountered during life. This chapter considers the evidence of a role for HSP90 in autoimmune ovarian failure, where autoantibodies to it have been observed in patients, and has been correlated to infertility.