cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tracking system for mobile FSO

Free-space optics (FSO), or Optical Wireless, is an unlicensed line-of-sight technology that uses modulated lasers to transmit information through the atmosphere. By using light beams, FSO can transmit and receive data, voice, and video, information through the air. FSO provides data rates ranging from 100Mbps to 2.5Gbps. In most applications, FSO transceivers normally remain in a static location to ensure continuous line of sight and to maintain accurate alignment. One current challenge facing FSO technology is the desire to implement mobility. As a potential solution, this study introduces an auto-tracking system that will achieve and maintain alignment between two mobile FSO nodes. This auto-tracking system can be used in many different applications, such as reducing the time needed to achieve alignment of an FSO link, and maintaining a link between an aircraft and a stationary command post to exchange real-time video and data with high-speed laser communications. After link initiation, the auto-tracking system application will send steering commands back to the positioning gimbal. These steering commands are determined by feedback from Position Sensing Diodes (PSDs). The proposed FSO auto-tracking system provides optical beam steering and capturing mechanisms to provide tracking between two transceivers, either fixed or mobile. In this paper, we illustrate the feasibility of such a system and present experimental results for a source aligned with a PSD in a mobile environment.
A study of the structural and vibrational properties of diamond nanoparticles grown by chemical vapor deposition

Diamond nanoparticles (NPs), grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), have been characterized by utilizing AFM, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. AFM and SEM data show increase in NPs size with growth period, ranging from about 20 nm for 15 min to 200 nm for 105 min growth. The Raman spectra show a sharp line at around 1332 cm-1, which is characteristic of diamond structure. We analyze the Raman spectra by using optical phonon confinement in nm-size crystals and discuss the resulting data for NP sizes.
Spatial Positive Feedback at the Onset of Mitosis

Summary Mitosis is triggered by the activation of Cdk1-cyclin B1 and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Positive feedback loops regulate the activation of Cdk1-cyclin B1 and help make the process irreversible and all-or-none in character. Here we examine whether an analogous process, spatial positive feedback, regulates Cdk1-cyclin B1 redistribution. We used chemical biology approaches and live-cell microscopy to show that nuclear Cdk1-cyclin B1 promotes the translocation of Cdk1-cyclin B1 to the nucleus. Mechanistic studies suggest that cyclin B1 phosphorylation promotes nuclear translocation and, conversely, nuclear translocation promotes cyclin B1 phosphorylation, accounting for the feedback. Interfering with the abruptness of Cdk1-cyclin B1 translocation affects the timing and synchronicity of subsequent mitotic events, underscoring the functional importance of this feedback. We propose that spatial positive feedback ensures a rapid, complete, robust, and irreversible transition from interphase to mitosis and suggest that bistable spatiotemporal switches may be widespread in biological regulation.
THE GUARANTEED ANNUAL INCOME: AN APPRAISAL

In the past few years, Americans have become increasingly dis? satisfied with the absurd spectacle of millions of their fellow citizens living in poverty while the majority pursues quite a comfortable exis? tence. The current hodgepodge of welfare measures that fail to provide for many of the neediest of our poor and recognition of the demeaning features of the "means" test have stimulated interest in new approaches to the poverty problem. The idea that all Americans should be guaran? teed a minimum income, as a matter of right, is becoming increasingly acceptable and accepted. Early last summer more than 1,200 economists from 150 different colleges and universities signed a petition calling for the introduction of a negative income tax as the next logical step in the fight against poverty.1 The idea of a negative income tax is basically simple. Individuals and families with incomes less than some predetermined standard would be entitled to receive payments from the government, instead of paying taxes to the government as do the majority of our population. It would be a direct, relatively simple way to guarantee to a family some minimum annual income. Interest in the proposal is not confined to the universi? ties; many prominent businessmen also favor this approach.2 Indeed, we are told that "a plurality of the three hundred men who sit on Dun's Review's Presidents' Panel . . . propose just such a tax."3 In December of 1966, the Chamber of Commerce of the United States sponsored a National Symposium on Guaranteed Income. In the past two years, four important federal commissions have expressed interest in the concept of a guaranteed minimum income for all Americans.4 President Johnson, in January, 1968, appointed a Presidential commission to study and evaluate our entire welfare system, including the various guaranteed income alternatives to the existing programs. A subcommittee of the Joint Economic Committee, under the chairmanship of Representative Martha W. Griffiths, is "enquiring into programs and proposals for minimum income maintenance in the United States."5 It is proposed in this paper to examine some of the better known of these proposals, to indicate what they hope to achieve, to point out their similarities and differences, and finally to evaluate them in the light of the aims and objectives of our Association.
The Locus model of search and its use in image interpretation

The Locus model of search is a non-backtracking, deterministic search technique in which a beam of near-miss alternatives around the best path are extended in parallel for graph searching problems. In this paper we formulate image interpretation as a giaph searching problem and show bow the Locus model provides a near-optimal minimal effort solution. The structure of the model is illustrated using a detailed example. The relationship of the present approach to earlier attempts at image interpretation are discussed.
A competition assay for antibody avidity

Abstract A new assay for antibody avidity was developed. This assay depended upon the competition between radiolabeled test antibody and unlabeled standard antibody for a limited number of sites on an immunoabsorbent. Analysis of the binding curves yielded a value which was inversely proportional to the relative avidity of the radio-labeled test vs the unlabeled standard antibody. This avidity value was consistent with a theoretical mathematical model for the system, and was accurate and reproducible. This assay was then used to determine the effects of antigen dosage and antibody feedback upon the avidity of antibody produced in an in vitro culture system. The in vitro findings confirmed the results of numerous in vivo studies showing a decrease in avidity with increasing antigen dose and an increase in avidity under conditions of antibody-mediated suppression.
A processing method enabling the use of peak height for accurate and precise proton NMR quantitation.

In NMR, peak area quantitation is the most common method used because the area under a peak or peak group is proportional to the number of nuclei at those frequencies. Peak height quantitation has not enjoyed as much utility because of poor precision and linearity as a result of inconsistent shapes and peak widths (measured at half height). By using a post-acquisition processing method employing a Gaussian or line-broadening (exponential decay) apodization (i.e. weighting function) to normalize the shape and width of the internal standard (ISTD) peak, the heights of an analyte calibration spectrum can be compared to the analyte peaks in a sample spectrum resulting in accurate and precise quantitative results. Peak height results compared favorably with ‘clean’ peak area results for several hundred illicit samples of methamphetamine HCl, cocaine HCl, and heroin HCl, of varying composition and purity. Using peak height and peak area results together can enhance the confidence in the reported purity value; a major advantage in high throughput, automated quantitative analyses. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast MRI without gadolinium: Utility of 3D DESS, a new 3D diffusion weighted gradient-echo sequence

Contrast-enhanced breast MRI screening is recommended for women with an increased risk of breast cancer because it has much higher sensitivity than x-ray mammography [1]. Multislice diffusion weighted echo-planar imaging (DW-EPI) has been reported as a way to detect some mammographically-occult breast cancers without need for intravenous contrast material [2], however the spatial resolution of the EPI technique is low compared to standard contrast-enhanced 3D sequences. Recently, we developed a new 3D diffusion weighted dual-echo steady-state (DESS) imaging sequence that produces high-resolution diffusion weighted images of the breast [3]. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability DESS to image breast cancer without intravenous contrast material.
Management of Technology in Health Care: Definitions, Role and Mapping the Field

The fields of technology management and health care management have been largely left separated by the research communities of both areas of academic interests. Although there have been some attempts to create a connection between the areas, these are directed specifically towards very distinct topics. For example, some writers in the health care management area dealt with technology as a side issue (Shortell and Kaluzny, 1987). On the other end, writers in the technology management area ventured into health care as an illustrative exercise (for example, Reisman and Kiley, 1973, and Reisman, 1981).
BIOMECHANICS OF EARLY CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT: A NONLINEAR EXPLICIT FE MODEL OF C-LOOPING IN THE EMBRYONIC CHICK HEART

C-looping is the morphomechanical process through which the initially straight embryonic heart tube (HT) reconfigures into a doubly bent, twisted, swollen, c-shaped tube [1] between stages HH10− and HH12 [2]. According to the biomechanical hypotheses proposed by Taber [3], the ventral and rightward bending of the heart tube are intrinsic to the initially straight HT, and are caused by actin polymerization within myocardial cells. The torsion and rotation of the HT are due to a rightward oriented force generated by the elongation of the left omphalomesenteric vein (OV) and a dorsally oriented force due to tension in the splanchnopleure (SPL) [4]. In order to numerically test these biomechanical hypotheses, the standard stiffness-based nonlinear finite element formulation (standard FE) has been modified to include growth-based deformation to simulate c-looping [5]. However, due to numerical difficulties, such an approach can represent only the initial stages of c-looping and does not include SPL contact, or the merger (fusion) of the OV, which contributes to the elongation of the caudal heart tube [6]. To overcome these modeling difficulties, we propose the use of the explicit finite element formulation (explicit FE) as an alternative technique for modeling c-looping.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Expression and inhibition of the carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes in the photosynthetic C4 pathway of marine diatoms.

There is evidence that the CO2-concentrating mechanism in the marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii operates as a type of single-cell C4 photosynthesis. In quantitative-PCR assays, we observed 2- to 4-fold up-regulation of two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene transcripts in Thalassiosira pseudonana cells adapted to low pCO2, but did not detect such regulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown under similar conditions. Transcripts encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase did not appear to be regulated by pCO2 in either diatom. In T. pseudonana and T. weissflogii, net CO2 fixation was blocked by 3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoyl-methyl)-propenoate (a specific inhibitor of PEPC), but was restored by about 50% and 80%, respectively, by addition of millimolar concentrations of KHCO3. In T. pseudonana, T. weissflogii, and P. tricornutum, rates of net O2 evolution were reduced by an average of 67%, 55%, and 62%, respectively, in the presence of 20 μm quercetin, also an inhibitor of PEPC. Quercetin promoted net CO2 leakage from inhibited cells to levels in excess of the equilibrium CO2 concentration, suggesting that a fraction of the HCO3− taken up is fated to leak back into the medium as CO2 when PEPC activity is blocked. In parallel to these experiments, in vitro assays on crude extracts of T. pseudonana demonstrated mean inhibition of 65% of PEPC activity by quercetin. In the presence of 5 mm 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), a classic inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, photosynthetic O2 evolution was reduced by 90% in T. pseudonana. In T. weissflogii and P. tricornutum, 5 mm 3-MPA totally inhibited net CO2 fixation and O2 evolution. Neither quercetin nor 3-MPA had a significant inhibitory effect on photosynthetic O2 evolution or CO2 uptake in the marine chlorophyte isolates Chlamydomonas sp. or Dunaliella tertiolecta. Our evidence supports the idea that C4-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms are generally distributed in diatoms. This conclusion is discussed within the context of the evolutionary success of diatoms.
Preliminary partial-wave analysis of the K+KOs π− system produced in 8 GeV/c K−p interactions

Abstract We have performed a partial-wave analysis of the K + K O S π − system produced in the reaction K − p → K + K 0 S π − Λ / Σ at 8 GeV/c. We present results of a preliminary analysis of approximately 2000 events in the KKπ mass range 1.24–1.64 GeV, with 0.0 2 . In the 1.28 GeV mass region, we observe a small J PG = 0 −+ contribution but little indication of a 1 ++ wave. We observe a large enhancement of events at the threshold of KK ∗ production. Above this threshold the J PG = 1 +− , 1 ++ and 0 −+ waves all contribute, and we see evidence for a 1 +− resonance below the KK ∗ threshold.
An improved standardized time series Durbin-Watson variance estimator for steady-state simulation

We discuss an improved jackknifed Durbin-Watson estimator for the variance parameter from a steady-state simulation. The estimator is based on a combination of standardized time series area and Cramer-von Mises estimators. Various examples demonstrate its efficiency in terms of bias and variance compared to other estimators.
Metachromatic Leucodystrophy: A Case Report

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by deficient activity of the enzyme arylsulfatase-A. Deficiency of this enzyme results in intralysosomal storage of sphingolipid cerebroside 3-sulfates (sulfatides), which are abundant in myelin and neurons. A pathological hallmark of MLD is demyelination and neurodegeneration, causing various and ultimately lethal neurological symptoms. Its frequency is estimated to be 1/40,000 live births. The disease encompasses three clinical subtypes: late infantile (40% of the patients with MLD), juvenile (40%), and adult (20%). DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4644 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):143-145
Observation of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai waves in the ocean

The structure and propagation of oceanic Yanai waves (also known as mixed Rossby–gravity waves) are investigated by analysis of satellite-derived sea-surface-height (SSH) data. Significant spectral peaks along the dispersion curves of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai waves are identified by the wavenumber–frequency spectral analysis of SSH for the period 10–17 days. The spatial structure and propagation of these modes are described by an analysis of SSH time series filtered in the frequency–wavenumber domain that includes strong signals along the dispersion curves but excludes those of 17-day tropical instability waves. The difference in meridional structure between the first and second baroclinic modes, which is consistent with theory, is evident. The slow eastward propagation of first and second baroclinic mode Yanai wave packets, which is consistent with the group velocity derived from theory, is also isolated from the SSH data. Year-to-year variability of Yanai wave activity is compared with that of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing a moderate correlation with ENSO Modoki. © Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Role of ADAMs in endothelial cell permeability: cadherin shedding and leukocyte rolling.

See related article, pages 1192–1201 Endothelial cells constitute a selective barrier that controls the passage of plasma proteins and circulating cells from the blood to tissues. This is achieved by the caveolar–vesicular system and by the dynamic opening and closing of intercellular junctions.1 Interendothelial cell junctions are almost absent in the postcapillary venules, where cellular extravasation and exchange of plasma constituents occur, but are well-organized in the large vessels to ensure strict control of vascular permeability. Cadherins are Ca2+- and protease-sensitive molecules that mediate homotypic cell-to-cell adhesion. Endothelial cells express N-, P-, and VE-cadherin. N-cadherin is diffusely spread on the cell surface, whereas P-cadherin is present in trace amounts. VE-cadherin is a single-chain transmembrane glycoprotein localized at specialized interendothelial cell contact regions referred to as adherens junctions.2 Vascular inflammation has been implicated in the development and progress of vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.3 The inflammatory response is initiated by injury of the endothelium inflicted by factors such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein, reactive oxygen species, and viruses. Endothelial cell injury prompts the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the injury site, and the disruption of the endothelial cell barrier allows leukocyte infiltration of the vessel wall (Figure). Leukocyte recruitment and infiltration of the vascular wall is a complex process encompassing a series of adhesion and deadhesion events and distinct adhesion molecules on the activated endothelium and leukocytes. Figure. Role of ADAM-10 in leukocyte recruitment and transmigration and endothelial cell permeability. In activated endothelium, upregulated cell adhesion molecules such as fractalkine, CXCL16, and hyaluronan (![Graphic][1] ) bind their respective receptors CX3CR1, CXCR6, and CD44 (![Graphic][2] ), resulting in initial capture of inflammatory cells. Inflammatory mediators, such as thrombin (acting via protease-activated receptor [PAR]), and leukocyte adhesion increase endothelial cell [Ca2+]i, causing the release of pro–ADAM-10 … [1]: F1/embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: F1/embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Organizational Contexts and Contingent Leadership Roles: A Theoretical Exploration

This paper advances the premise that leadership roles are contingent upon the requirements of evolving organizational contexts. Leadership's substantive and symbolic role aspects are reinterpreted in a conceptual model. Emphasis is given to leadership roles in situations of decline. A transition state is proposed to illustrate the volatile and unstable nature of decline contexts. In a transition state, leaders are predicted to emphasize both their symbolic and substantive roles. During more stable convergent time periods, leaders are predicted to primarily emphasize their symbolic roles while in times of major organizational reorientation, leaders are predicted to primarily emphasize their substantive roles. A conceptual model is developed to provide a framework for understanding the contingent relationship between leadership roles and the organizational context particularly in situations of decline. Some implications of this model are discussed.
Hierarchical motion planning under uncertainty

In this paper, the problem of motion planning of an autonomous agent in an uncertain environment is considered. The state of the augmented system is defined as the ordered pair consisting of the state of the agent and the state of the environment. At the higher level of the hierarchy, the state-space of the agent is reduced to a set of "landmarks" through the use of suitably defined control policies at the lower level, called "options". Assuming that the environment is stationary, it (along with its associated uncertainties) is abstracted into a lower dimensional global variable through a suitably designed feature-map. This results in a drastic reduction of the computational complexity of the planning algorithms. Error bounds are obtained on the deviation of the approximate policies from the optimal policies, and the methodology is applied to an unmanned ground vehicle navigating a cluttered and uncertain urban environment.
The Strategic Robot Problem: Lethal Autonomous Weapons in War

The present debate over the creation and potential deployment of lethal autonomous weapons, or ‘killer robots’, is garnering more and more attention. Much of the argument revolves around whether such machines would be able to uphold the principle of noncombatant immunity. However, much of the present debate fails to take into consideration the practical realties of contemporary armed conflict, particularly generating military objectives and the adherence to a targeting process. This paper argues that we must look to the targeting process if we are to gain a fuller picture of the consequences of creating or fielding lethal autonomous robots. This paper argues that once we look to how militaries actually create military objectives, and thus identify potential targets, we face an additional problem: the Strategic Robot Problem. The ability to create targeting lists using military doctrine and targeting processes is inherently strategic, and handing this capability over to a machine undermines existing comman...
Comparison of the Pathogenic Potentials of Environmental and Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Indicates a Role for Temperature Regulation in Virulence

Although the presence of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in estuarine environments of northern New England has been known for some time (C. H. Bartley and L. W. Slanetz, Appl. Microbiol. 21: 965-966, 1971, and K. R. O'Neil, S. H. Jones, and D. J. Grimes, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 60:163-167, 1990), their virulence and the relative threat they may pose to human health has yet to be evaluated. In this study, the virulence potential of 33 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates collected from the Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire was assessed in comparison to that of clinical strains. The environmental isolates lack thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), which are encoded by tdh and trh, respectively. Though not hemolytic, they do possess putative virulence factors, such type III secretion system 1, and are highly cytotoxic to human gastrointestinal cells. The expression of known and putative virulence-associated traits, including hemolysin, protease, motility, biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity, by clinical reference isolates correlated with increased temperature from 28°C to 37°C. In contrast, the environmental isolates did not induce their putative virulence-associated traits in response to a temperature of 37°C. We further identified a significant correlation between hemolytic activity and growth phase among clinical strains, whereby hemolysin production decreases with increasing cell density. The introduction of a tdh::gfp promoter fusion into the environmental strains revealed that they regulate this virulence-associated gene appropriately in response to temperature, indicating that their existing regulatory mechanisms are primed to manage newly acquired virulence genes.
Design and implementation of a wireless prescription system

We explore by design and implementation the applicability of J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) architecture in supporting wireless services as well as Web based services. This has been demonstrated by implementing a wireless prescription system, which provides wireless services to physicians, and Web based services to pharmacies and administrators. The goal of the wireless prescription system is to improve the efficiency of the healthcare system by reducing the overall time and cost used to create documents and retrieve information. We also present a performance evaluation of the implemented wireless prescription system using latency as the performance metric. In particular, we investigated the overheads associated with different components of the underlying J2EE architecture, which includes the Session Bean, Entity Bean, and the database. We found that the latency overheads introduced by these components account for 3.8% to 4.3%, 3.9% to 4.4%, and 91.8% of the total delay experienced inside the J2EE architecture respectively.
Relationship of Glycated Albumin to Blood Glucose and HbA1c Values and to Retinopathy, Nephropathy, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the DCCT/EDIC Study

The association of chronic glycemia, measured by HbA1c, with long-term complications of type 1 diabetes has been well established in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and other studies. The role of intermediate-term and acute glycemia and of glucose variability on microvascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is less clear. In order to examine the interrelationships among long-term, intermediate-term, and acute measures of glucose and its daily variability, we compared HbA1c, glycated albumin (GA), and seven-point glucose profile concentrations measured longitudinally in a case-cohort subpopulation of the DCCT. HbA1c and GA were closely correlated with each other and with the mean blood glucose (MBG) calculated from the seven-point profile. The associations of glucose variability and postprandial concentrations with HbA1c and GA were relatively weak and were further attenuated when MBG was included in multivariate models. In the case-cohort analyses, HbA1c and GA had similar associations with retinopathy and nephropathy, which were strengthened when both measures were considered together. Only HbA1c was significantly associated with CVD. The demonstrated interrelationships among different measures of glycemia will need to be considered in future analyses of their roles in the development of long-term complications of type 1 diabetes.
Consumer Response to “Contains” and “Free of” Labeling: Evidence from Lab Experiments

Using a lab experiment with 351 adult non-student subjects, we investigate the impact of labels and secondary information on willingness to pay (WTP) for foods that use various ingredients and processes that have been the subject of food policy discussions. We find a distinct asymmetry of WTP sensitivity between "Contains X" and "Free of X" labels with negatively-framed secondary information. The "Free of X" label has an impact only when secondary information is provided, and the negative impact of "Contains X" is mitigated by secondary information. We also consider how the results of our study can inform the ongoing debate about mandatory food labeling regulations in the United States: if mandatory labeling is adopted, providing additional information about what the product contains would significantly lessen the negative impact on demand.
Seroepidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) on the Basis of a Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Utilizing hMPV Fusion Protein Expressed in Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly identified human respiratory virus now recognized as a major respiratory pathogen of infants and children. To define the seroepidemiology of hMPV, we developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on expression of the fusion protein of hMPV (hMPV F) in recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Western blot analysis using an hMPV F-specific antiserum confirmed the expression of hMPV in recombinant VSV. The ELISA is specific for hMPV F; antibody specific for the most closely related human paramyxovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, does not bind to hMPV F. Overall, 216 serum specimens were tested. The percentages of seropositive individuals were 89.1% in children ≤5 months old, 55.0% in children 6 to 11 months old, 36.0% in children 12 to 23 months old, 45.0% in children 24 to 47 months old, 77.3% in children 48 to 59 months old, 91.3% in children 5 to 10 years old, and 95.5% for individuals 11 to 20 years old. This is the first seroepidemiological survey of hMPV in the United States and the first analysis to determine the prevalence of antibody to a specific hMPV protein. The data suggest that exposure to hMPV is common in childhood and that hMPV F is an antigenic determinant of hMPV.
Adaptive canceler and pulse compressor interactions

Performance results for the sidelobe level of a compressed pulse that has been preprocessed through an adaptive canceler are obtained. The adaptive canceler is implemented using the sampled matrix inversion algorithm. Because of finite sampling, the quiescent compressed pulse sidelobe levels are degraded due to the preprocessing of the main channel input data stream (the uncompressed pulse) through an adaptive canceler. It is shown that if N is the number of input canceler channels (main and auxiliaries) and K is the number of independent samples per channel, then K/N can be significantly greater than one in order to retain sidelobes that are close to the original quiescent sidelobe level (with no adaptive canceler). Also it is shown that the maximum level of degradation is independent of whether pulse compression occurs before or after the adaptive canceler if the uncompressed pulse is completely contained within the K samples that are used to calculate the canceler weights. This same analysis can be used to predict the canceler noise power level that is induced by having the desired signal present in the canceler weight calculation. >
Passive Sorting in Maturing Granules of AtT-20 Cells: The Entry and Exit of Salivary Amylase and Proline-rich Protein

Previous studies have suggested that salivary amylase and proline-rich protein are sorted differently when expressed in AtT-20 cells (Castle, A.M., L.E. Stahl, and J.D. Castle. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:13093– 13100; Colomer, V., K. Lal, T.C. Hoops, and M.J. Rindler. 1994. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 13:3711– 3719). We now show that both exocrine proteins behave similarly and enter the regulated secretory pathway as judged by immunolocalization and secretagogue- dependent stimulation of secretion. Analysis of stimulated secretion of newly synthesized proline-rich protein, amylase, and endogenous hormones indicates that the exogenous proteins enter the granule pool with about the same efficiency as the endogenous hormones. However, in contrast to the endogenous hormones, proline-rich protein and amylase are progressively removed from the granule pool during the process of granule maturation such that only small portions remain in mature granules where they colocalize with the stored hormones. The exogenous proteins that are not stored are recovered from the incubation medium and are presumed to have undergone constitutive-like secretion. These results point to a level of sorting for regulated secretion after entry of proteins into forming granules and indicate that retention is essential for efficient storage. Consequently, the critical role of putative sorting receptors for regulated secretion may be in retention rather than in granule entry.
WebSheets: Web Applications for Non-Programmers

Spreadsheets are a very successful programming paradigm. Their success stems from user's familiarity with tabular data, and their previous experience in performing manual computations on such data. Since tabular data is familiar to users in the context of web applications as well, we propose WebSheets, a new paradigm for developing web applications using a spreadsheet-like language. WebSheets can enable simple web applications to be developed without "programming," in much the same way that non-programmers create budgets or expense reports using spreadsheets. More importantly, WebSheets enable users to express fine-grained privacy policies on their data in a simple manner, thus putting them in charge of their own privacy and security concerns.
The Transnational Turn and Trickle Down Disturbances

This is an extended review/review essay of *America on the World Stage*. It begins by briefly analyzing the historiography and theoretical background of the "Transnational Turn." The piece then moves to the book, providing the nuts and bolts, positives, and negatives. I conclude with some larger philosophical issues and suggestions for improvement.
Digital Age| Occult(ing) Transparency: An Epilogue

This epilogue seeks to discover hidden as well as perceptible patterns in the special issue. It senses four ghosts haunting transparency
Purification and properties of a human seminal proteinase

Abstract 1. A method is described for the purification of a proteinase, present in human seminal plasma and previously shown to accelerate migration of spermatozoa through cervical mucus in vitro. A 25-fold purification was achieved in three steps, consisting of ammonium sulphate fractionation, chromatography on CM-cellulose and gel filtration. 2. The enzyme displays some properties similar to chymotrypsin: pH optimum 7.5–8.0; substrate preference of casein, haemoglobin and benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester but not benzoylarginine ethyl ester; mol.wt. 33000. However, it is unaffected by 1mm-di-isopropyl phosphofluoridate or 1mm metal cations, and in this respect differs from chymotrypsin. 3. The properties of the enzyme strongly resemble those of the `chymotrypsin-like' enzyme discovered in seminal plasma by Lundquist et al. (1955). 4. The use of dimethyl-casein permitted the performance of enzyme assays at substrate concentrations five times higher (up to 50mg/ml) than could be achieved with ordinary casein (10mg/ml).
Translation of mRna for Glutamate Dehydrogenase and Spectrophotometric Procedure to Follow the Enzyme Biosynthesis

Heterogeneous poly (A)-mRNA fraction was isolated from rat liver microsomes using phenol-chloroform extraction, millipore filtration and poly (U)-agarose affinity chromatography. Obtained fractions were characterized with respect to their secondary structure and poly (A) content. Isolated poly (A)-mRNA fraction contained high template activity for glutamate dehydrogenase in cell-free systems with microsomes or polysomes. A spectrophotometric procedure to follow enzyme biosynthesis was also developed.
A systems perspective on GPU computing: a tribute to Karsten Schwan

Over a distinguished career, Regents Professor Karsten Schwan has made significant contributions across a diverse array of topics in computer systems, including operating systems for multi-core platforms, virtualization technologies, enterprise middleware, and high-performance computing. In this paper, we summarize his legacy of key research contributions in general-purpose GPU computing. His vision encompassed the conceptualization, implementation, and demonstration of systems abstractions and runtime methods to elevate GPUs into first-class citizens in today's and future heterogeneous computing environments. To this end, his contributions include novel scheduling and resource management abstractions, runtime specialization, and novel data management techniques to support scalable, distributed GPU frameworks.
Current Distributions in Quantum Hall Effect Devices

This paper addresses the question of how current is distributed within quantum Hall effect devices. Three types of flow patterns most often mentioned in the literature are considered. They are: (1) skipping orbits along the device periphery (which arise from elastic collisions off hard-walled potentials); (2) narrow conducting channels along the device sides (which are presumed to be generated from confining potentials); and (3) currents distributed throughout the device (which are assumed to arise from a combination of confining and charge-redistribution potentials). The major conclusions are that skipping orbits do not occur in quantum Hall effect devices, and that nearly all of the externally applied current is located within the device interior rather than along the device edges.
Surgery in breast cancer

This year (1999) has been filled with new information on the prevention of breast cancer and new literature trying to address some of the long-term adverse consequences of our surgical therapies. As the complexities of our therapies continue to increase at exponential rates, we now also have the ability to more accurately predict the consequences of both our therapeutic actions and our failure to act. Nowhere is this more evident than in the literature devoted to long-term consequences of treatment for breast cancer. As we are more successful in achieving our goals of increased survival from this dreaded disease, the future needs of these long-term survivors must play an ever-increasing role in our current management. Advances reported this year are laying down a new basis for efforts to improve the quality of life for breast cancer survivors.
Excretion of Pregnandiol in Women with Virilism

Butler and Marrian1 in reporting the isolation of a steroid compound pregnane-3-17-20-triol, from the urine of 2 women with virilism caused by “enlarged adrenals,” also noted the presence of “appreciable amounts of pregnandiol.” Venning, Weil and Browne2 later reported the finding of considerable amounts of sodium pregnandiol glucuronidate (12 mg to 30 mg per day) in 2 cases of virilism, one of which was subsequently found to have an adrenal cortex carcinoma and, the other, adrenal cortex hyperplasia.During the past 2 years, we have been performing pregnandiol excretion studies in women with the arrhenomimetic (virilism) syndrome. In the present communication, we wish to report the results of these studies.Methods and Materials. A total of 7 cases was studied. These consisted of 2 cases proven by operation to be adrenal cortex carcinomas and 5 cases of amenorrhea and hypertrichosis of undetermined etiology. Sodium pregnandiol glucuronidate determinations3 were performed on single 24-, 48-, or 72-hour spec...
Changes in Viscoelastic Properties of Brain Tissue Due to Traumatic Injury

In this study, changes in viscoelastic material properties of brain tissue due to traumatic axonal injury (TAI) were investigated. The impact acceleration model was used to generate diffuse axonal injury in rat brain. TAI in the corticospinal (CSpT) tract in the brain stem was quantified using amyloid precursor protein immunostaining. Material properties along the CSpT were determined using an indentation technique. The results showed that the number of injured axons at the pyramidal decussation (PDx) was approximated 10 times higher than in the ponto-medullary junction (PmJ). The instantaneous elastic response was reduced approximately 70% at PDx compared to 40% at PmJ and the relaxation was uniformly reduced approximately 30%, which were attributed to the effect of injury on tissue properties. Application of a visco-elastic-plastic model that changes due to TAI can significantly alter the results of computational models of brain injury.© 2004 ASME
Molecular characterization of benthic foraminifera communities from the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico shelf and slope following the Deepwater Horizon event

Abstract Benthic foraminifera are globally distributed protozoa in the world's oceans, which have been used as ecological indicators in both current and palaeo oceanography. The ecological properties and distribution of these organisms in various regions of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) have been evaluated using microscopy; however molecular approaches for these purposes have been limited, especially in deeper regions. The BP Deepwater Horizon oil well failure in the northern Gulf of Mexico highlighted the need to better understand the distribution and abundance of these organisms relative to environmental factors and ecosystem perturbations such as the oil spill. Sediment samples were collected using a Shipek grab along transects on the northwest Florida GOM shelf (18–270 m depth). Clone libraries were developed from PCR amplified 18S rDNA genes for sequence analysis. Analysis of random clones from libraries were used as a proxy for community structure (presence and relative abundance) to document the spatial and temporal dynamics of benthic foraminifera on the Northwest Florida Shelf in the NE GOM shelf. Additional continental slope samples (200–1600 m depth) were obtained by a multicorer and treated in similar fashion. Mean species diversity in this study (H=2.49–3.36), agreed with pre-DWH event estimates, however the dominant agglutinated species in the deep-water samples did not match previous studies. Additionally, the dominant calcareous taxa from this study such as Allogromida sp. and Psammophaga sp. , were inconsistent with previous reports. The dominant taxa in both coastal and deep-water sites include Glabratellina sp., Trochammina hadai, and Trochammina sp. , and Textularia sagittula and Bathysiphon argenteus as well as members of genera Astrammina, Bolivina, Cibicides and Cibicidoides .
Utilizing immunomarking techniques to track Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) movement and distribution within a peach orchard

In this study we focus on the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), which has a strong dispersal capacity and has had a significant impact on several cropping systems, including peach (Prunus persica (L.)). Management of H. halys has relied on intensive insecticide use, and thus a better understanding of its dispersal behavior may assist in developing improved management strategies. In order to investigate H. halys movement and distribution patterns within a peach orchard we applied ecologically safe, food protein markers to the trees along the orchard border (chicken egg albumin in the form of liquid egg whites) and to the trees within the orchard interior (bovine casein in the form of cow's milk). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess whether collected H. halys were "marked" with either of the two protein markers, revealing where in the orchard the bugs had visited. From the density data we determined that H. halys is a perimeter-driven pest in peaches, with a significantly higher density of bugs collected along the orchard border. Interestingly, this trend is primarily driven by the distribution of male bugs. The protein marking data revealed that a small proportion of male H. halys move equally between the orchard border and interior, while a small proportion of females move predominately to the border after visiting the interior. The verification of a strong edge-effect, although potentially sex-specific, implies that H. halys displays a dispersal behavior that may also be exploited for management, which may help growers more efficiently and more effectively manage H. halys.
Human liver cell transplantation: Prolonged function in Athymic-Gunn and athymic-analbuminemic hybrid rats

Abstract Isolated cryopreserved human liver cells, attached to collagen-coated microcarriers, were injected intraperitoneally into mutant rat recipients genetically deficient in either bilirubin uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase activity (Gunn rats) or albumin synthesis (Nagase analbuminemic rats). One group of the recipient Gunn and analbuminemic rats were made genetically immunodeficient by interbreeding with athymic rats with inherited T-cell deficiency. Injected microcarriers and cells formed aggregates on the surface of the pancreas. There was no morphologic evidence of rejection in athymic recipients, whereas immunocompetent recipients demonstrated rejection within 5 days of transplantation. Athymic-Gunn rat recipients demonstrated excretion of bilirubin glucuronides in bile for 30 days and reduction in their serum bilirubin levels. In recipient athymic-analbuminemic rats, plasma albumin levels increased from pretransplantation levels of 0.025–0.05 mg/ml to 3.9–4.8 mg/ml 8 days posttransplantation and remained nearly at that level throughout the 30 days of the study. A method of harvesting, attaching to microcarriers, cryopreserving, and in vivo testing of human hepatocytes with prolonged survival and function in athymic-Gunn and athymic-analbuminemic hybrid rats is reported. These rats are excellent animal models for testing xenograft function.
Concepts in lip reconstruction

Reconstruction of defects of the lip presents a significant challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Both functional and aesthetic considerations exist. Each defect should be evaluated in terms of its location, size, and depth. Using these three factors, the appropriate reconstructive options can be chosen in a systematic fashion.
A phase I trial of interferon-α-2a plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin

We conducted a Phase I trial of interferon-alpha-2a (IFN-alpha-2a) plus combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, and doxorubicin (COPA) in order to determine the maximum dose of IFN-alpha-2a that could be administered without compromising the dose intensity of COPA. Twenty-one patients received IFN-alpha-2a intramuscularly on days 1-5, followed by 600 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide intravenously (i.v.) on day 8; 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin i.v. on day 8; 1.2 mg/m2 vincristine i.v. on day 8; and 100 mg/m2 prednisone orally on days 8-12. IFN doses were escalated between patient groups; 7 patients received 12 x 10(6) U/m2, 11 patients received 6 X 10(6) U/M2, and 3 patients received 12 X 10(6)/m2. Because 79% of the cycles of COPA administered at the third dose level required a delay for hematologic recovery, further patient accrual at this dose level ceased. Grade III or IV granulocytopenia occurred on day 1 in 6, 9, and 0 of the patients treated at the three dose levels. Granulocyte counts rapidly recovered, however, and did not result in a delay in chemotherapy administration on day 8 in 94% of the cycles at the first two dose levels. The mean hematocrit following five cycles of therapy dropped from 40 to 31%. Only two patients required dose reductions due to constitutional symptoms related to the IFN-alpha-2a. Eight responses were observed, including five of five patients with nonHodgkin's lymphomas, one of five with melanoma, one of six with renal cell carcinoma, and one of one with adenoid cystic carcinoma. One patient with metastatic melanoma remains in a complete response on maintenance IFN-alpha-2a for three years. We conclude that 6 X 10(6) U/m2 of IFN-alpha-2a can be administered to cancer patients without significantly compromising the dose intensity of COPA. This observation, and the demonstrated activity of IFN-alpha-2a plus COPA (I-COPA) in low and intermediate grade histology nonHodgkin's lymphomas, provides the basis for the randomized Phase III trial comparing COPA to I-COPA in these neoplasms, which is currently being conducted in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
Torsion of Cylindrical Bars

Torsion of cylindrical bars refers to the application of torque (twist) of equal magnitude at the opposite ends of a bar of cylindrical shape.
Using Support Vector Machines for Numerical Prediction

We present a new methodology for prediction of numeric data using only classifiers for discrete data such as C4.5/J4.8 and/or support vector machine (SVM). We have used the "one-vs-all" approach to discretize the numeric data into binary and then used support vector machine (SVM) with boosting using free Weka toolkit. Empirical study was carried on real datasets taken from University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository.