cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Promoting Positive Identity Development in Troubled Youth: A Developmental Intervention Science Outreach Research Approach

This article illustrates how developmental intervention science outreach research contributes to knowledge development on the promotion of positive identity development by describing results from the Miami Youth Development Project. The project is committed to the use of descriptive and explanatory knowledge about evidence-based individual and institutional intervention strategies for promoting developmental change in self and identity. Our efforts, described here, include a method for measuring theoretically and personally meaningful identity change, a procedure for integrating key aspects of qualitative and quantitative data through relational data analysis, and an evidence-based positive youth development intervention that fosters measurable and meaningful identity change.
Exergy use in bioenergetics

Every developed and adapted biological system extracts useful energy from outside, converts, stores it, and uses for muscular contraction, substrate transport, protein synthesis, and other energy utilising processes. This energy management in a living cell is called the bioenergetics, and the useful energy is the exergy, which is destroyed in every irreversible process because of the entropy production. The converted exergy is the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced through the oxidative phosphorylation coupled to respiration in which the exergy originates from oxidation of reducing equivalents of nutrients. A living cell uses the ATP for all the energy demanding activities; it has to maintain non-vanishing thermodynamic forces, such as electrochemical potential gradient, and hence is an open, nonequilibrium system, which manages the exergy destruction and power production to adapt the fluctuations in energy demand and production within mitochondria. A simplified example presented here shows that the use of exergy analysis is helpful for understanding and analysing oxidative phosphorylation in bioenergetics.
Uric Acid as a Potential Biomarker of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Serum uric acid (UA) is emerging as a strong and independent marker for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is well recognized as a life threatening complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, the association between UA and PAH in SCD is unknown. We reviewed electronic medical records (EMR) of 559 consecutive adult SCD patients from Kings County Hospital Center (KCHC) between January 2005 and February 2010. Patients (n = 96) with measurement of UA in close temporal proximity to the transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were identified. PAH was defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) ≥30 mm Hg. Patients (n = 16) with other risk factors which may cause PAH and chronic renal insufficiency were excluded. In 18 patients, TTE could not measure PASP. Finally, 62 patients were selected. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis. Out of 62 patients, 30 had PAH. Patients with PAH had a higher UA level (8.67 ± 4.8 vs. 5.35 ± 2.1, P = 0.001). We found strong positive correlation between the UA level and PASP (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001). This correlation was independent of diuretic use. UA could be a potential marker for PAH in SCD. However, its’ prognostic and pathophysiologic role in SCD patients with PAH needs to be further investigated.
Towards Automated Assessment of Public Speaking Skills Using Multimodal Cues

Traditional assessments of public speaking skills rely on human scoring. We report an initial study on the development of an automated scoring model for public speaking performances using multimodal technologies. Task design, rubric development, and human rating were conducted according to standards in educational assessment. An initial corpus of 17 speakers with 4 speaking tasks was collected using audio, video, and 3D motion capturing devices. A scoring model based on basic features in the speech content, speech delivery, and hand, body, and head movements significantly predicts human rating, suggesting the feasibility of using multimodal technologies in the assessment of public speaking skills.
On the calibration of the IRAS low-resolution spectra

The need for corrections to the LRS spectra based on a study of a number of normal stars observed by IRAS is discussed. The spectra of bright stars, such as alpha CMa, were found to be inconsistent with blackbody sources, this effect being generally observed in sources earlier than about K3. An attempt is made to correct the LRS spectra by changing the blackbody calibration temperature for Alpha Tau, assumed to be a 10,000-K blackbody source for the original LRS flux calibration. It is found that an anomalously low color temperature must be assumed for alpha Tau to produce reasonable results for earlier-type stars. Corrections based on a set of stars with well-determined effective temperatures are examined, as are the resulting color temperatures for 72 stars with Atlas spectra.
Prostaglandin E2 opunteracts the effects of PGF2α in indomethacin treated cycling gilts

Abstract Twenty crossbred gilts with at least 2 consecutive estrous cycles of 18 to 21 days in length were used to study the effects of prostaglandins E 2 and F 2 α (PGE 2 and PGF 2 α) on luteal function in indomethacin (INDO) treated cycling gilts. Intrauterine and jugular vein catheters were surgically palced before day 7 of the treatment estrous cycle and gilts were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups (4/groups). With exception of the controls (Group I) all gilts received 3.3 mg/kg INDO every 8 h, Groups III, IV and V received 2.5 mg PGF 2 ; 2.5 mg PGF 2 α + 400 μg PGE 2 every 4 hr, or 400μg PGE 2 every 4 h, respectively. All treatments were initiated on day 7 and continued until estrus or day 23. Jugular blood for progesterone analysis was collected twice daily from day 7 to 30. Estradiol-17β (E 2 -17β) concentrations were dtermined in samples collected twice daily, from 2 d before until 2 d following the day of estrus onset. When compared to pretreatment values, estrous cycle length was unaffected (P>0.05) in Group I, prolonged (P .05) in Group I; delayed (P 2 -17β remained high (31.2 ± 4.9 to 49.3 ± 3.1 pg/ml) in Groups III and IV, while the mean concentrations in Groups III and V varied considerably (17.0 ± 2.0 to 52.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml). The results of this study have shown that PGE 2 will counteract the effects of PGF 2 α in INDO treated cycling gilts. The inclusion of PGF 2 α appeared to either stimulate E 2 -17β secretion or maintain it at a higher level than other treatments.
What have we learned from the congenital myasthenic syndromes

The congenital myasthenic syndromes have now been traced to an array of molecular targets at the neuromuscular junction encoded by no fewer than 11 disease genes. The disease genes were identified by the candidate gene approach, using clues derived from clinical, electrophysiological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. For example, electrophysiologic studies in patients suffering from sudden episodes of apnea pointed to a defect in acetylcholine resynthesis and CHAT as the candidate gene (Ohno et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:2017-2022, 2001); refractoriness to anticholinesterase medications and partial or complete absence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the endplates (EPs) has pointed to one of the two genes (COLQ and ACHE ( T )) encoding AChE, though mutations were observed only in COLQ. After a series of patients carrying mutations in a disease gene have been identified, the emerging genotype-phenotype correlations provided clues for targeted mutation analysis in other patients. Mutations in EP-specific proteins also prompted expression studies that proved pathogenicity, highlighted important functional domains of the abnormal proteins, and pointed to rational therapy.
Transient thermoelastic effects in fluid film bearings

Abstract A method is presented for the calculation of temperature in the shoe-film-rotor assembly of a thrust bearing. This method allows reverse flow to occur and simplifies the calculation of hot oil carry-over. An analysis is developed to propagate thermoelastic effects in time following a change in any operating condition such as load or speed. It is found that size effects can be correlated with a Fourier number F0 = αt/H2 where H is the thickness of the rotor or shoe. The initial change in the bearing temperature is quite rapid but a Fourier number of at least 10.0 is needed to approach equilibrium in the new running condition. For large hydroelectric installations the time to equilibrium may be several hours (depending on size). It is doubtful whether the largest units in use ever achieve full thermal equilibrium because external operational changes occur before equilibrium is reached.
Ensemble Simulation of Twenty-First Century Climate Changes: Business-as-Usual versus CO2 Stabilization

Abstract Natural variability of the climate system imposes a large uncertainty on future climate change signals simulated by a single integration of any coupled ocean–atmosphere model. This is especially true for regional precipitation changes. Here, these uncertainties are reduced by using results from two ensembles of five integrations of a coupled ocean–atmosphere model forced by projected future greenhouse gas and sulfate aerosol changes. Under a business–as–usual scenario, the simulations show a global warming of ~1.9°C over the twenty–first century (continuing the trend observed since the late 1970s), accompanied by a ~3% increase in global precipitation. Stabilizing the CO2 level at 550 ppm reduces the warming only moderately (by ~0.4°C in 2100). The patterns of seasonal–mean temperature and precipitation change in the two cases are highly correlated (r » 0.99 for temperature and r » 0.93 for precipitation). Over the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean, the model produces a moderate surface cooling (1...
Functional MRI in ischemic heart disease based on detection of contraction abnormalities.

Even though several non-invasive techniques are available for the assessment of coronary artery disease and the detection of myocardial ischemia, many coronary angiograms yield negative results, thus, warranting higher accuracy for non-invasive tests. The detection of obstructive coronary artery disease is only possible during physical or pharmacological stress. Currently, the assessment of wall motion abnormalities by echocardiography is clinically the most widely used method. However, a significant number of patients yield suboptimal or non-diagnostic images despite improvements with harmonic imaging. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows a non-invasive visualization of the heart with high spatial and temporal resolution. Gradient echo CMR images permit an exact and reproducible determination of global and regional left ventricular function, wall thickness and wall thickening and identical pharmacological stress protocols, as currently used for dobutamine stress echocardiography, can be implemented for CMR imaging. A review of the literature on dobutamine stress CMR for the detection of stress induced wall motion abnormalities is presented and the safety of CMR stress examinations is discussed. The results show, that especially in those patients with suboptimal echocardiographic image quality dobutamine stress CMR is superior in comparison with dobutamine stress echocardiography and may replace echocardiography in these patients. Further possibilities by the use of myocardial tagging or intravascular contrast agents are outlined. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:411–417. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mitigation of complex behavior over networked systems: Analysis of spatially invariant structures

In this paper, we consider a simple distributed averaging system, which incorporates various communication constraints including delays, noise, and link failures. It has been shown in Wang and Elia (2012) that such networked system generates a collective Levy flight behavior when part of the system loses mean square (MS) stability. We focus on spatially invariant architectures to gain more insights into how model parameters affect emergence of this complex scale-invariant behavior, and to seek structures robust to communication constraints. Specifically, we develop a computational expression for checking MS stability, which is scalable with the number of unreliable links. We derive the closed form formulas from this expression in the limiting case of zero and large delays, and in the case of large number of nodes. In the limit of large delays, we derive various results that are independent of the network size and its specific interconnections. We find that small inter-agent coupling improves the robustness of the system. Networks with larger connectivity tend to be more fragile in the presence of fading connections for fixed inter-agent coupling. That gossiping improves the robustness and that the lattice is the most robust among the spatially invariant systems with generalized circulant interconnections.
Dynamic Interactions between Local Surface Cues, Distal Landmarks, and Intrinsic Circuitry in Hippocampal Place Cells

A number of computational models of hippocampal place cells incorporate attractor neural network architecture to simulate key findings in the place cell literature, including the properties of pattern completion, firing in the absence of visual input, and nonlinear responses to environmental manipulations. To test for evidence of attractor dynamics, ensembles of place cells were recorded using multiple-tetrode techniques. After many days of experience in an environment with salient local surface cues on a circular track and salient distal landmarks on the wall, the local surface cues were rotated as a set in opposition to the distal landmarks. The amount of mismatch between the local and distal sets of cues varied from 45 to 180°. If place cells were parts of strong attractors, then their place fields should follow either the local cues or the distal cues as an integrated ensemble. Instead, in single recording sessions, some place cells were controlled by the distal landmarks, other cells were controlled by the local cues, and other cells became silent or gained new fields. In some cases, individual place fields split in half, following both the local and distal cues. If place cells are indeed parts of attractor networks in the hippocampus, then the attractors may be weak relative to the inputs from external sources, such as representations of the sensory environment and representations of heading direction, in a familiar, well explored environment.
The market effects of zoning undeveloped land: Does zoning follow the market?

Through restricting the uses of land, zoning gives local governments the power to modify the dictates of unconstrained land markets. Many believe, however, that the regulations tend to coincide with, or anticipate, the market solution rather than modify it. The validity of this assertion is an empirical question and has not yet been adequately addressed. The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply an empirical test of the null hypothesis that zoning follows the market. The null hypothesis can be rejected only if land uses under zoning differ from what they would be without zoning. The first task in deriving the test is to differentiate between constrained and unconstrained land market allocations. It is shown that parameter estimates for hedonic price functions, when markets are zoned, cannot be interpreted to imply that the regulations constrain market prices. It is also shown that sample selection bias is a likely source of specification error in estimating hedonic price functions for zoned land markets.’ Since the sample selection of parcels to zone designations is unlikely to be random, the selection process must be accounted for in ordinary least-squares (OLS) estimation of zone constrained hedonic price functions. Fortunately, the “correction” for the specification error also provides a test for the market effects of zoning. A bid-price interpretation of hedonic price functions for land is presented in Section II. The sample selection bias issues are also discussed in that section and a formal test for the market effects of zoning is introduced.
Black Hole Masses of Active Galaxies with Double-peaked Balmer Emission Lines*

We have obtained near-IR spectra of five AGNs that exhibit double-peaked Balmer emission lines (NGC 1097, Pictor A, PKS 0921-213, 1E 0450.30-1817, and IRAS 0236.6-3101). The stellar velocity dispersions of the host galaxies were measured from the Ca II λλ8494, 8542, 8662 absorption lines and were found to range from 140 to 200 km s-1. Using the well-known correlation between the black hole mass and the stellar velocity dispersion, the black hole masses in these galaxies were estimated to range from 4 × 107 to 1.2 × 108 M☉. We supplement the observations presented here with estimates of the black holes masses for five additional double-peaked emitters (Arp 102B, 3C 390.3, NGC 4579, NGC 4203, and M81) obtained by other authors using similar methods. Using these black hole masses, we infer the ratio of the bolometric luminosity to the Eddington luminosity, (Lbol/LEdd). We find that two objects (Pictor A and PKS 0921-213) have Lbol/LEdd ~ 0.2, whereas the other objects have Lbol/LEdd 10-2 (nearby, low-luminosity double-peaked emitters are the most extreme, with Lbol/LEdd 10-4). The physical timescales in the outer regions of the accretion disks (at r ~ 103GM/c2) in these objects were also estimated and range from a few months for the dynamical timescale to several decades for the sound crossing timescale. The profile variability in these objects is typically an order of magnitude longer than the dynamical time, but we note that variability occurring on the dynamical timescale has not been ruled out by the observations.
Identification and Characterization of Three New Components of the mSin3A Corepressor Complex

The mSin3A corepressor complex contains 7 to 10 tightly associated polypeptides and is utilized by many transcriptional repressors. Much of the corepressor function of mSin3A derives from associations with the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2; however, the contributions of the other mSin3A-associated polypeptides remain largely unknown. We have purified an mSin3A complex from K562 erythroleukemia cells and identified three new mSin3A-associated proteins (SAP): SAP180, SAP130, and SAP45. SAP180 is 40% identical to a previously identified mSin3A-associated protein, RBP1. SAP45 is identical to mSDS3, the human ortholog of the SDS3p component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sin3p-Rpd3p corepressor complex. SAP130 does not have detectable homology to other proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation and gel filtration data suggest that the new SAPs are, at the very least, components of the same mSin3A complex. Each new SAP repressed transcription when tethered to DNA. Furthermore, repression correlated with mSin3A binding, suggesting that the new SAPs are components of functional mSin3A corepressor complexes. SAP180 has two repression domains: a C-terminal domain, which interacts with the mSin3A-HDAC complex, and an N-terminal domain, which functions independently of mSin3A-HDAC. SAP130 has a repression domain at its C terminus that interacts with the mSin3A-HDAC complex and an N-terminal domain that probably mediates an interaction with a transcriptional activator. Together, our data suggest that these novel SAPs function in the assembly and/or enzymatic activity of the mSin3A complex or in mediating interactions between the mSin3A complex and other regulatory complexes. Finally, all three SAPs bind to the HDAC-interaction domain (HID) of mSin3A, suggesting that the HID functions as the assembly interface for the mSin3A corepressor complex.
On spatial skew‐Gaussian processes and applications

In many applications, observed spatial variables have skewed distributions. It is often of interest to model the shape of the skewed marginal distributions as well as the spatial correlations. We propose a class of stationary processes that have skewed marginal distributions. The covariance function of the process can be given explicitly. We study maximum likelihood inference through a Monte Carlo EM algorithm, and develop a method for the minimum mean-square error prediction. We also present two applications of the process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics of Suppressor Cell Activity Appearing in Cocultures of Two Individuals with Immunodeficiency with Thymoma

Suppressor cell activity in two individuals (S1 and S2) with immunodeficiency with thymoma (ID-THY) was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated single culture and cocultures. Secreted Ig was measured by radioincorporation and immunoprecipitation after 5-7 days. Control cocultures of normal/normal cells showed, in most cases, a percentage observed to expected ratio (% O/E) of cpm Ig near 100%. However, augmentation (% of O/E > 150) was often encountered, whereas suppression (% O/E < 50) was found only once in forty-two cocultures. In ID-THY/normal cell cocultures the degree of suppression by ID-THY cells varied widely when the same or different cocultivants were retested. This finding could be explained in part by an inverse correlation between the amount of secreted Ig produced by normal cells in single culture and the degree of suppression of the same normal by ID-THY cells in cocultures. A panel of normal cells were all suppressed when a range of S1 or S2/normal cell ratios were tested, weighing against genetic differences in suppressibility in the above system. ID-THY cells failed to block Ig secretion of human lymphoblastoid line cells, suggesting that the mechanism of suppression was related to a block in differentiation rather than interference with Ig synthesis per se. An experiment using cocultivants separated by a Millipore membrane showed that suppression was mediated by a humoral factor.
A model for dysfunctions in smooth pursuit eye movement.

In this paper, I have introduced and solved a simple deterministic model of eye tracking that produces rich dynamical behavior. Some of its main features, notably the existence of a chaotic regime, are reminiscent of the anomalies reported in smooth pursuit eye tracking experiments with schizophrenia patients. By obtaining the state diagram of such a model as a function of target frequency and amplitude, we showed the existence of a chaotic regime characterized by a strange attractor in phase-space and associated random velocity arrests in the eye dynamics. Moreover, the power spectrum contains features similar to those reported in the literature. The correctness of this model could in principle be determined by performing experiments where the target parameters (i.e., amplitude and frequency) could be varied in a systematic manner and by taking Poincare maps from the corresponding time series. Although the present status of such experiments prevents us from verifying the validity of the model, the available data does not seem to contradict the main predictions. Furthermore, we showed that the inevitable noise expected to be present in actual experiments would only enhance the observability of our predictions. If this model were proven incorrect, then the focus of research into mechanisms will have to shift into a search for an intrinsic source of the fluctuations. If, on the other hand, this deterministic theory has any validity, it will point to the nonlinearities in eye tracking mechanisms as the main culprits for the observed anomalies.
Riverside: A Case Study of Social Capital and Cultural Reproduction and their Relationship to Leadership Development:

This case study research is based on a 3-year project (1996-1999)in which Iowa State University Extension developed and implemented a long-term community development project based on strengthening social capital using participatory research. The results of this mapping were initially interpreted as indicating a high level of social capital, but on further analysis questions were raised about the interrelationship between social capital and cultural reproduction. Using the concrete example of Riverside, the authors sought to understand the dynamics between these concepts. Is there an appropriate balance between social capital and cultural reproduction? How do these two concepts relate to leadership development? They concluded that community development projects frequently tend to reproduce existing leadership structures rather than create opportunities to expand community leadership beyond existing leadership pools or cliques.
A Case for High Availability in a Virtualized Environment (HAVEN)

The cost and operational complexity of traditional high availability solutions has limited their widespread adoption. Virtualization allows availability properties to be associated with the system architecture, rather than depending on the intrinsic reliability of components. This paper introduces an extensible grammar that classifies the states and transitions of virtual machine images. From this grammar, rules for recovery and High Availability can be created which define how virtualization allows for simplified fault tolerance, making HAVENs accessible to the mainstream user.
Use of critical access hospital emergency rooms by patients with mental health symptoms.

ABSTRACT: Context:National data demonstrate that mental health (MH) visits to the emergency room (ER) comprise a small, but not inconsequential, proportion of all visits; however, we lack a rural picture of this issue. Purpose: This study investigates the use of critical access hospital (CAH) ERs by patients with MH problems to understand the role these facilities play in rural MH needs and the challenges they face. Methods: Primary data were collected through the combination of a telephone survey and ER visit logs. Our sampling frame was the universe of CAHs at the time the survey was fielded. Key Findings: About 43% of CAHs surveyed operate in communities with no MH services, while 9.4% of all logged visits were by patients identified as having some type of MH problem. The most common problems identified were affective disorders, substance abuse, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. Only 32% of CAHs have access to on-site detoxification and 2% have inpatient psychiatric services, meaning that patients in need of these services typically must leave their communities to gain treatment. Conclusions: The lack of community resources may impact CAHs’ ability to assist patients with MH problems. Among those with a primary MH condition, 21% left the ER with no or unknown treatment, as did 51% of patients whose MH condition was secondary to their emergent problem. Patients in need of detoxification or inpatient psychiatric services often must travel over an hour to obtain these services, potentially creating significant issues for themselves and their families.
PRAM processor allocation: a hidden bottleneck in sublogarithmic algorithms

The problem of dynamic processor allocation in PRAMs (programmable random-access memories) is discussed, and differentiated from that of static allocation. The version of the PRAM considered, also called the CREW model is a parallel computer with global memory accessible in unit time; it allows concurrent reads, but requires exclusive writes. Two dynamic processor allocation problems for P processors are distinguished. One, called assignment from numbers, has an Omega (log P) lower bound, even when the number of tasks is O( square root P). The second, called assignment from leaders, has faster solutions. A constant-time solution for O( square root P) tasks is known; it is generalized to O(P/sup 1-1/k/) tasks in time O(k). Handling O(P) tasks requires a different approach and an algorithm that runs in time O(log log P) is proposed which is asymptotically optimal within a constant factor. The implications of these two versions of dynamic allocation on sublogarithmic merge algorithms are discussed. >
Stabilized β-Catenin Extends Thymocyte Survival by Up-Regulating Bcl-xL

CD4 + CD8 + double-positive (DP) thymocytes, which are extremely sensitive to apoptosis, specifically up-regulate Bcl-x L to extend their lifespan. Deletion of the Bcl-x L gene leads to premature apoptosis of the thymocytes. In this study, we show that stabilization of β-catenin, a critical coactivator for T cell factor (TCF), enhances DP thymocyte survival via up-regulating Bcl-x L . Spontaneous or glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis was associated with reduced levels of β-catenin and Bcl-x L . Transgenic expression of a stabilized β-catenin protected DP thymocytes from both spontaneous and glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, resulting in significantly increased thymic cellularity. Compared with the wild-type mice, both protein and transcript levels of Bcl-x L were significantly increased in thymocytes of β-catenin transgenic mice. In addition, TCF-1 as well as β-catenin were able to stimulate transcriptional activity of the reporter driven by a Bcl-x L promoter. β-Catenin/TCF is thus able to act as a signal to up-regulate Bcl-x L levels in DP thymocytes, resulting in their enhanced survival.
Role Based Access Control in Enterprise Application - Security Administration and User Management

One of the most challenging problems in managing large web-applications is the complexity of security administration and user-profile management. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) has become the predominant model for advanced access control due to the reduced complexity and cost of administration. Under RBAC, security administration is greatly simplified by using roles, hierarchies and privileges, and user management is uncomplicated by using LDAP API specification within the J2EE application. System administrators create roles according to the job functions performed in an organization, grant permissions to those roles, and then assign users to the roles on the basis of their specific job responsibilities and qualifications. We introduce in this paper RBAC in a typical J2EE enterprise application and present architectural details, along with security administration and user-profile management for RBAC. Netegrity SiteMinder provides the RBAC foundation, and J2EE framework serves as the reference model for administration in the application. Then we emphasize the design and implementation of a custom RBAC-model, and the possibilities of optimization of this model.
Multiple overlapping stents as monotherapy in the treatment of ‘blister’ pseudoaneurysms arising from the supraclinoid internal carotid artery: a single institution series and review of the literature

Background The ‘blister-type’ aneurysm is one of the most devastating cerebrovascular lesions. Flow diversion with stent reconstruction is an emerging treatment and has shown promising initial results. Objective To evaluate the experience of one institution using stent reconstruction for pseudoaneurysms of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and to compare with a review of the literature. Methods A retrospective review from one institution identified eight patients with ‘blister’ aneurysms over a 47-month period. The Raymond scale was used to classify the aneurysms. Clinical data were obtained using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. A literature review was performed and compared with our results. Clinical and angiographic data were obtained. Results After treatment, two aneurysms were Raymond class 1 (25%) and six were class 3 (75%). Of the class 3 aneurysms, two required retreatment, three (50%) progressed to complete occlusion and three (50%) had persistent aneurysm filling. Clinical data revealed two patients with mRS score of 0 (25%), five with mRS score of 1 (62.5%) and one with mRS score of 2 (12.5%). From the literature review, residual filling was evident in nine patients (64.3%) and complete occlusion in four (28.6%). On follow-up angiography, nine (64.3%) were occluded, two (14.3%) had residual neck filling and one (7.1%) had persistent aneurysm filling. Thirteen patients (92.9%) had an mRS score of 2 or better. Combining the available experience, patients demonstrated either improvement (n=9, 41%) or stability (n=11, 50%). Only two (9%) had progression requiring retreatment. Conclusions Endovascular stent remodeling of ‘blister-type’ aneurysms is a safe and effective strategy.
Extreme ultraviolet scatterometer: design and capability

A scatterometer capable of plane-of-incidence bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths between 58.4 and 121.6 nm has been developed. This instrument has a lower measurement limit of approximately 10-5 sr-1, and it is able to accommodate angles of incidence between 10° and 75°. The scatterometer can measure scatter to within 1.5° of the specular beam, and the scatter angle can be measured to within 0.1°. The design, analysis, and performance of this instrument are discussed here. Scatter data, in the form of BRDF measurements, are presented for a 3000-line/mm grating and a flat chemical vapor deposited diamond sample.
Humanitarian recognition in the former Yugoslavia: The limits of non‐state politics

(1997). Humanitarian recognition in the former Yugoslavia: The limits of non‐state politics. Security Studies: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 194-228.
The Use of Eminent Domain for Economic Development in the Era of Kelo

The Supreme Court decision in Kelo v. New London (2005) authorized the use of eminent domain for economic redevelopment provided that there are sufficient spillover benefits to the public. This article examines the economic basis for this decision and tests the conclusions using cross-state data on “development takings” over the period 1998 to 2002. It also examines the political responses by states to limit such takings in the aftermath of Kelo. The results are consistent with the economic justification for eminent domain as a means of overcoming the holdout problem.
Rhizomucor: a model for the emerging importance of mould susceptibility testing

Opportunistic invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies often complicate empiric antifungal treatment. Zygomycetes typically are resistant to antifungal agents routinely used for empiric therapy. Susceptibility testing of these moulds currently employs CLSI (formerly NCCLS) standards for microbroth dilution. We present a case of invasive Rhizomucor sp. infection in which the Etest methodology resulted in clinically compatible susceptibility data. Case Report A 53-year-old male was admitted to our teaching hospital for treatment of relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia.
Experimental and analytical validation of a modular acetabular prosthesis in total hip arthroplasty

A finite element model has been developed to predict in vivo micro motion between a modular acetabular cup and liner after cement less total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to experimentally validate the model. Six LVDT sensors were used to monitor the micromotion of the liner when subjected to loading conditions ranging from 250 N to 5000 N. Deformations at points of interest for both the experiment and FEM were compared. Results of the FEM with different coefficient of friction between the liner and the cup were investigated to correlate with the experimental results.
Scheduling for efficient data broadcast over two channels

The broadcast domain of wireless communication is very effective in distributing information to large audiences. In this work, an efficient data broadcast has been scheduled from a server to many clients using the broadcast disk model and a simple two-channel broadcast model are examined to present some interesting scheduling results for this model.
Power efficient Opportunistic p-persistent CSMA for Wireless Networks

This paper proposes a power efficient p-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) employing multiuser diversity, called Opportunistic p-persistent CSMA (OpCSMA). At each idle time slot, an MT sends a packet if the corresponding channel gain is above the threshold which is determined such that the probability of accessing the medium is p for any idle slots. Also, the transmit power is controlled to maintain the constant signal-to-noise-ratio when the channel gain exceeds the cut-off fade depth. The analysis under the infinite user model shows that as traffic load grows, the transmit power consumption of the conventional p-persistent CSMA increases, whereas that of the OpCSMA decreases owing to multiuser diversity effect. Simulation results corroborate these findings in slow fading channels.
Resistin decreases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase through oxidative stress in human coronary artery endothelial cells

Resistin is a newly discovered adipocyte-derived cytokine that may play an important role in insulin resistance, diabetes, adipogenesis, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. However, it is largely unknown whether resistin impairs endothelial functions by affecting the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) system. In this study, we determined the effect of human recombinant resistin protein on eNOS expression and regulation in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). When cells were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of resistin (40 or 80 ng/ml) for 24 h, the levels of eNOS mRNA, protein, and activity and eNOS mRNA stability were significantly reduced. Cellular nitric oxide levels were also decreased. In addition, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, were significantly increased in resistin-treated HCAECs. Mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were reduced. Three antioxidants, seleno-l-methionine, ginsenoside Rb1, and MnTBAP (superoxide dismutase mimetic), effectively blocked resistin-induced eNOS downregulation. Meanwhile, resistin activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and the specific p38 inhibitor SB-239063 effectively blocked resistin-induced ROS production and eNOS downregulation. Furthermore, immunoreactivity of resistin was increased in atherosclerotic regions of human aorta and carotid arteries. Thus resistin directly induces eNOS downregulation through overproduction of ROS and activation of p38 and JNK in HCAECs. Resistin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalance in cellular redox enzymes may be the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress.
Enhanced Production of Farnesol by Candida albicans Treated with Four Azoles

The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans excretes farnesol, which is produced enzymatically from the sterol biosynthetic intermediate farnesyl pyrophosphate. Inhibition of C. albicans by four azole antifungals, fluconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and clotrimazole, caused elevated farnesol production (10- to 45-fold). Furthermore, farnesol production occurs in both laboratory strains and clinical isolates (J. M. Hornby et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2982-2992, 2001) of C. albicans.
Soft-tissue neoplasms associated with congenital neurofibromatosis

Soft-tissue neoplasms are not infrequently encountered as one of the clinical manifestations of congenital neurofibromatosis. In those patients in whom diffuse soft-tissue hypertrophy remains relatively isolated and in whom it is limited to a portion of one extremity, radical excision of the hypertrophied subcutaneous tissue and the involved peripheral nerves, when such are encountered, may control the progress of the disease (Figs. 1-A through 3-C). In many patients, however, with a more diffuse type of involvement covering an entire extremity or a greater portion of the body, in whom the deeper soft-tissue structures, as well as the subcutaneous tissue, are involved, regional surgery may not prevent the progression of the process. In many instances, diffuse flat hemangiomatous changes may be encountered and primary or secondary lymphatic involvement may also have occurred. Primary tumors may occur in major nerve structures and these may he benign or malignant in type.
Lacan in drag: The apotheosis of sexual difference

By appropriating Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory in light of sexual difference, the importance of drag theory for gender and sexuality studies is resurrected through a formulation of exactly how this figural instantiation subverts: not because of disloyal repetitions vis-a-vis performativity, but because of its mirroring of the (humorous) absurdity of the Real that resists all attempts at signification and yet remains structurally intrinsic to the semantic field contra the anti-social thesis of queer theory. This claim is substantiated via an erection of a homology between the drag figure and the clown or jester, thereby entailing that drag artists are the keepers of truth in the Lacanian sense.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled probes for vasotocin receptors

Fluorescent analogues of vasotocin, [1-(beta-mercaptopropionic acid), 9-(p-aminofluoresceinylphenylalanine)]arginine vasotocin [[MPA1, (p-NH2flu)Phe9]AVT] and [1-(beta'-mercaptopropionic acid), 9-(p-amino rhodaminylphenylalanine)]AVT [[MPA1, (p-NH2rhod)-Phe9]AVT], were synthesized by the solid-phase method. These compounds yielded half-maximal hydrosmotic responses (half-maximal values) in the toad urinary bladder at 2 X 10(-9) M. Epifluorescence microscopy showed punctate basal localization of analogues on the majority of bladder epithelial cells within 20 min. The cellular localization was prevented by vasotocin. These fluorescent analogues may serve as useful probes for vasotocin receptors in toad bladder and in tissues from other species that use vasotocin as their antidiuretic-pressor hormone.
A Mental Model of Civil Procedure

Procedural knowledge and insight are hard earned intellectual products, and many law students and lawyers struggle to maintain even minimal procedural sophistication. This article applies empirical findings from cognitive science to procedural learning and problem solving, and identifies a conceptual model that facilitates and explains procedural expertise. It then demonstrates the model's relationship to procedural doctrine as it is employed by lawyers and judges, with particular emphasis on young lawyers' professional and intellectual development.
Long-term radiographic follow-up of bisphosphonate-associated atypical femur fractures.

Objective To evaluate the appearance of bisphosphonate-related femur insufficiency fractures on long-term follow-up radiographic studies and to describe the rate of fracture line obscuration and cortical beak healing over time.
Nanostructured Fe-Co catalysts generated by ultrasound

Bimetallic catalysts have been studied intensively because of their unique activity and selectivity. Unsupported alloy catalysts, however, are usually of limited value due to their very small surface areas. We have now developed a sonochemical synthesis of bimetallic alloys that provides both high surface areas and high catalytic activity. We have produced Fe-Co alloys by ultrasonic irradiation of mixed solutions of Fe(CO)5 and Co(CO)3(NO) in hydrocarbon solvents. The alloy composition can be controlled simply by changing the ratio of precursor concentrations. After treatment at 673K under H2 flow for 2 hours, we obtain nearly pure alloys. BET results show that the surface areas of these alloys are large (10-30 m2/g). TEM and SEM show that the alloy particles are porous agglomerates of particles with diameters of 10-20 nm. Sonochemically prepared Fe, Co, and Fe-Co powders have very high catalytic activity for dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane. Furthermore, sonochemically prepared Fe-Co alloys show high catalytic selectivity for dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene; the 1:1 ratio alloy has much higher selectivity for dehydrogenation over hydrogenolysis than either pure metal.
A Generic Approach for the Synthesis of Dimer Nanoclusters and Asymmetric Nanoassemblies

Controlled assembly of nanoparticles into asymmetric configurations is of great interest due to their novel properties and promising applications. In this Article, we report a generic strategy for the synthesis of dimer nanoclusters and asymmetric nanoassemblies by using magnetic colloidal substrates, on which tailored surface modification and controlled physical confinement are applied. The modularity of our approach facilitates the fabrication of asymmetric nanostructures with varying sizes, shapes, compositions, surface chemistry, and surface hydrophobicity. Success in the syntheses sheds a light on the versatility of our strategy in rationally designing and synthesizing asymmetric nanostructures with tailored properties and functionalities.
THE PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOLOGY OF ROBERTO MARCHESINI

AbstractCentral to the work of Roberto Marchesini is a sustained critical engagement with the sciences of animal behavior. Drawing on veterinary, biological, and philosophical training, he critiques the legacy of Cartesianism that sees animals as machines at the same time as acknowledging the importance of biological knowledge and approaches for understanding animals. Further, he offers his own version of a zooanthropological and posthumanist method for the future of ethology as an interdisciplinary social science founded on shared existence, interaction, and understanding. His reframing of questions around biological and cultural continuity in turn refigures received notions of identity, animality, and the origin of culture itself.
334 DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS AND SMALL BOWEL ADENOCARCINOMA: COINCIDENTAL OCCURRENCE OR GENETIC ASSOCIATION?

Evidence from the US National Cancer Institute indicates that the incidence of multiple primary neoplasms has doubled over the last 20 years. A suspected genetic predisposition of patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) to second primary tumors has been previously reported. We report the first case of DFSP associated with adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. A 41-year-old African American man was admitted to the University of Mississippi Medical Center in November 2005 with melena and hematochezia. His medical history included diabetes mellitus, anemia, GERD, and DFSP with sacral and right inguinal involvement. The sacral mass was resected several times and was ultimately treated with radiation for 6 months. DFSP recurred in his right groin and was excised in March 2005. At presentation, he recalled an unintentional 50-pound weight loss over the past year and admitted to a 19-pack-year smoking history. He denied odynophagia, dysphagia, hematemesis, hemorrhoids, or change in bowel habits. Physical examination was remarkable for pedal edema bilaterally, splenomegaly, and mild hepatomegaly. His right inguinal region had mild scar tissue, and the sacrum showed a well-healed incision with postradiation changes. Laboratory examination showed a profound microcytic anemia (hematocrit 18.5). EGD revealed chronic gastritis and the presence of Helicobacter pylori. A small bowel follow-through study showed a luminal filling defect in the midjejunum. The CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was initially reported as being unremarkable, but following the small bowel study, the CT scan was reread. A 7.3 × 6.0 cm soft tissue mass was seen in the lumen of the small bowel. In the operating room, he was found to have an intussusception of the small bowel surrounding the exophytic mass. Pathology determined the mass to be a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, measuring 9 × 5 × 8 cm. Although these two primary cancers initially seemed unrelated, it was felt to be unusual that a young patient would have two rare cancers without a genetic predisposition. A literature review disclosed a possible genetic link between the two malignancies via tumor suppressor gene p53 and human MSH2. As our knowledge of cancer genetics improves and genetic testing becomes more available, relationships between different primary cancers will be better understood.