cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intermediate Structures and Shock Transition: Squandered Foundations and Capricious Destruction

Because of the 'Rejection of Transplants' perspective in most Western analyses, both the mixed nature of Soviet-type systems and the special characteristics of production/settle­ ment units have been misunderstood or simple not consi­ dered . Orthodox systems-level structural adjustment, mar­ ketization and privatization policies are applied without taking account of the special working arrangements of the old sys­ tem, resulting in largely destructive micro- and mezo-Ievel ef­ fects. The destruction they cause is capricious, failing to preserve those aspects of the old system which have future development potential, encouraging a short-term speculative mentality and use of resources, while building up political ten­ sions unlikely to be consistent with continued democratic process. Orthodox 'reform' measures have failed to bring to bear developmental wisdom from outside the Anglo-Ameri­ can free market experience to construct a coordinated short-, medium-, and long-run strategy which would permit a non­ catastrophic entry into the world market.
Liturgical Catechesis: Congregational Practice as Formation.

Abstract Ritual liturgical practices such as hymnsinging, prayer, and sacred meal provide ways of knowing possible only in the context of liturgical action. Such congregational practices located in body, mind, and heart the knowledge of self as person of faith and knowledge of the God whom one worships. As ways of knowing who and whose we are, hence as means of formation and catechesis, liturgical practices are critical, constitutive, and normative for persons and communities of faith.
Aggregation and mate location in the red milkweed beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

We examined behavioral mechanisms underlying aggregation and mate location in the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Larvae of this species feed on rhizomes of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L., and adults feed on the flowers and foliage, aggregating on individual stems within milkweed patches. Adults preferred to aggregate on milkweeds that had multiple, large inflorescences. Males actively searched for females, often flying between host plants. Mate location did not appear to involve long-range pheromones or vision, but rather males landed on milkweed stems arbitrarily, whether or not females were present. Males remained for longer periods, and so tended to accumulate, on milkweed stems that had female-biased sex ratios. We conclude that aggregation of T. tetrophthalmus is cued by host plant characteristics but dynamically influenced by the sex ratio of conspecifics present on individual stems.
Information Extraction from Decohering Systems via Indirect Continuous Measurement

In this article we discuss a general information extraction scheme to gain knowledge of the state and the amount of decoherence based on indirect continuous measurement. The purpose of this information extraction is to determine the feedback in order to control decoherence based on an ``output equation", described by a bilinear form. An interacting bilinear form of control system is used instead of master equation to analyze the dynamic properties of the system. The analysis of continuous measurement on a decohering quantum system has not been extensively studied before.
Facile autoplast generation and transformation in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki.

Abstract We describe a method for maximizing the rate of conversion of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki vegetative cells to osmotically fragile forms in the absence of exogenously added enzymes. Optimal generation of autoplasts occurred in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 7.0) at 37 degrees C with 10% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol as an osmotic stabilizer. The maximum autolytic rate resulted in a conversion of greater than 90% of bacilli to spherical autoplasts in 6 min. Autoplasts regained bacillary morphology upon plating on DM3-G regeneration medium, with reversion frequencies ranging from 1.2 x 10(-1) to 5.3 x 10(-3). The autoplasts could efficiently take up exogenously added plasmid DNA. The presence of plasmids was verified by Southern hybridization analysis.
Etched-coupled-cavity InGaAsP/InP lasers

A new structure for coupled-cavity lasers operating at 1.25 μm wavelength is presented. Using chemical etching, we made a three-cavity laser from an index-guided channelled-substrate Fabry-Perot laser. It oscillates in a single longitudinal mode with a side-mode suppression ratio of 200:1 in the pumping current range of 120 mA to 220 mA. The same mode was maintained at a fixed current of 160 mA as the heat-sink temperature was varied from 9°C to 45°C. The advantages of this laser over other coupled-cavity lasers are the simplicity of fabrication, the accuracy of cavity length control, and the possibility of incorporating short-etalon sections in the coupled cavities.
Collision‐induced dissociation of Cr+n (n=2–21) with Xe: Bond energies, dissociation pathways, and structures

The kinetic energy dependence of the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of Crn+ (n=2–21) with xenon is studied by using a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. Examination of the general dissociation behavior over a broad collision energy range shows that chromium cluster ions dissociate primarily by sequential atom loss with a few exceptions, most notably Cr5+. Bond energies of chromium cluster ions D(Crn−1+–Cr) are determined from measurements of the CID thresholds. The cluster size dependence of chromium cluster bond energies shows that odd‐sized clusters are more stable than even clusters for smaller clusters (n≤9) and local maxima at n=13, 14, and 20 for larger clusters. The even–odd alternation in the stability of small chromium clusters suggests that these cluster cations are bound mainly by the 4s electrons. The pattern of stability for the larger clusters, in particular, the observation that the 14‐ and 20‐atom clusters are relatively stable, is consistent with clusters built around a dimer core.
Lensfree On-Chip Microscopy and Tomography Toward Telemedicine Applications

We review our recent progress on lensfree holographic on-chip microscopy techniques that are aimed at telemedicine applications including imaging of bodily fluids toward diagnosis of infectious diseases such as malaria and HIV.
Inorganic Constituents in Fresh and Processed Cannonball Jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris)

Cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus meleagris) from the Gulf of Mexico has been under investigation as a potential source to meet the market demand for jellyfish food in Asia. Traditionally, jellyfish are processed by curing fresh jellyfish with salt and alum, and then the cured jellyfish are desalted in water before consumption. Very little is known about the inorganic constituents of jellyfish. In this study fresh and desalted processed cannonball jellyfish were examined for 22 elements using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The desalted processed tissues had significantly higher Al concentrations (leg, 688 μg/g; umbrella, 271 μg/g) than fresh jellyfish (leg, 0.29 μg/g; umbrella,1.63 μg/g). Concentrations of macro elements, such as Ca, Mg, K, and Na, were high in fresh jellyfish and rather low in desalted processed tissue. The results should be useful in providing biological and nutritional information about fresh and processed jellyfish. Keywords: Jellyfish; ICP; mineral elements
A Galois correspondence for countable short recursively saturated models of PA

In this paper we investigate the properties of automorphism groups of countable short recursively saturated models of arithmetic. In particular, we show that Kaye's Theorem concerning the closed normal subgroups of automorphism groups of countable recursively saturated models of arithmetic applies to automorphism groups of countable short recursively saturated models as well. That is, the closed normal subgroups of the automorphism group of a countable short recursively saturated model of PA are exactly the stabilizers of the invariant cuts of the model which are closed under exponentiation. This Galois correspondence is used to show that there are countable short recursively saturated models of arithmetic whose automorphism groups are not isomorphic as topological groups. Moreover, we show that the automorphism groups of countable short arithmetically saturated models of PA are not topologically isomorphic to the automorphism groups of countable short recursively saturated models of PA which are not short arithmetically saturated (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Testicular blood flow rates in prepubertal and adult rabbits measured by 85krypton.

SummaryLH and FSH given to 12-week old rabbits for 17 days failed to alter spermatogenesis or blood flow. As testes grew in gonadotropin treated males, or controls ranging in age from 12 weeks to 3 years, the increase in total blood flow corresponded to the increase in testis size. Overall, the mean testicular blood flow rate for 80 measurements was 0.120 ml/g tissue/min.
Materials Science Physical Properties of a Pigmented Silicone Maxillofacial Material as a Function of Accelerated Aging

The effects of accelerated aging on a pigmented elastomer were evaluated by using a weathering chamber. Silastic 44210, a maxillofacial material with proven color and physical property stability, was chosen for pigmentation with 11 maxillofacial pigments. The values of ultimate tensile strength, maximum percent elongation, shear strength, Shore A hardness, and permanent deformation were determined for the pigmented elastomer before and after accelerated aging for 900 h. Results obtained indicate that the incorporation of 0.2% by weight of pigments can alter the physical and mechanical properties of the base elastomer. Accelerated aging had no effect on the physical properties of the pigment/elastomer combinations.
Effects of a Reimbursement Incentive on Enrollment in a Weight Control Program

Objective: The objective was to examine the effect of offering a reimbursement incentive on the percentage of inquirers who enrolled in a weight control program and on weight loss and program attendance among enrollees. Research Methods and Procedures: We used a sequential control-intervention design to observe how inquirers of the University of Alabama at Birmingham EatRight Lifestyle Program responded to an enrollment incentive for potential 50% ($150) reimbursement of the total program fee if they attended 10 of 12 classes and lost at least 6% of their current body weight. Inquirers had to be adults with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2, seeking information about a weight control program, and informed of the program cost. Outcomes included proportion of inquirers enrolled, overall number of classes attended, and weight loss. Results: Of the 401 people who inquired during the study periods, 24.5% and 25.0% enrolled in the intervention and control periods, respectively. There was a trend toward higher attendance in the intervention group, compared with the control group; there were no differences in percentage of weight loss. The odds of attending ≥10 classes were 2.4 times as high, and both losing >6% body weight and attending ≥10 classes were three times as high in the intervention subjects compared with controls, although non-significant. Discussion: The potential of earning a performance-based reimbursement incentive did not affect enrollment in the EatRight Lifestyle Program. Performance-based incentives may be an ideal mechanism for extending coverage of weight-loss interventions by insurers because of limited financial risk and improved adherence.
Simulating large topologies in ns-3 using BRITE and CUDA driven global routing

We present two new modules for ns-3. The first is a BRITE module that allows ns-3 users to take advantage of the topology generation features of the BRITE topology generator. This module allows users to quickly create highly customizable, large scale topologies for simulation within ns-3. The second module is a new global routing module specifically designed to work with large ns-3 network topologies. This module leverages the parallel processing abilities of GPUs using CUDA. Using this new routing module on large topologies, we measured speedups of over three orders of magnitude compared to ns-3's current global routing protocol when performing global route computations.
Treatment of a crowded Class II malocclusion with significant maxillary incisor protrusion

A case report of a 10-year-old girl with a skeletal and dental Class II, Division 1 malocclusion is presented. There was marked arch length deficiency in the mandibular arch and significant maxillary incisor protrusion. The patient was treated with maxillary premolar extractions and early maxillary treatment for incisor retraction. The treatment was completed nonsurgically with full treatment later and a single mandibular incisor extraction. The Class II malocclusion and crowding were resolved with Class II molar and Class I canine relationships and a positive profile change. [This case was presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the certification process conducted by the Board.]
Direction clustering for characterizing movement patterns

The increasing availability of motion data creates unprecedent opportunities to change the paradigm for characterizing movement patterns. While cluster analysis is usually a useful starting point for understanding and exploring data, conventional clustering algorithms are not designed for handling trajectory data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a direction-based clustering (DEN) method, which aims to group trajectories by moving directions. A key development challenge is how to transform direction information into a data format which is appropriate for traditional clustering algorithms to explore. To this end, we partition the space into grids and turn the movement statistics in a grid into a vector which represents the probabilities of moving directions within the grid. With such data transformation, we are able to develop a grid-level K-means clustering method for direction clustering. We illustrate the use of DEN for showing movement patterns and detecting outliers on real-world data sets.
Cover requirements of thermoplastic pipes used under highways

Abstract This paper summarizes the results of a research project that investigated the use of thermoplastic pipes, namely High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Poly-vinyl Chloride (PVC), as cross-drains under highways. The study evaluated pipes ranging from 0.3 m (12 in.) to 1.5 m (60 in.) in diameter, under deep fills, minimum cover, and construction loads. The project consisted of three major phases: (1) a comprehensive literature review, (2) an analytical study into the allowable fill heights for thermoplastic pipes, and (3) a field study to observe the installation and performance of the pipe in service conditions. This study concluded with recommendations for how and when thermoplastic pipe should be installed in order for it to perform as intended.
A Valuable Gene in Suweon 97 Soybean for Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus

Suweon 97' (PI 483084) soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] from Korea is resistant (R) to all strain groups (G1-G7 and G7A) of soybean mosaic virus (SMV) identified in the USA. The objectives of this study were to determine the number of loci conditioning SMV resistance and the relationships between the Suweon 97 gene and other genes for SMV resistance. Suweon 97 was crossed to susceptible (S) cultivars Essex and Lee 68 for the inheritance study. For the allelism test, Suweon 97 was crossed with SMV resistant cultivars possessing the Rsvl, Rsv3, and Rsv4 genes. The F 2 data from R x S crosses showed a good fit to the monogenic ratio of 3[R+Necrotic(N)]:1S. The F 2:3 progenies from the R x S crosses exhibited a ratio of 1R: 2 segregating: IS, indicating that Suweon 97 has a single dominant gene for SMV resistance. The presence of N plants in R x S crosses suggests the Suweon 97 gene for SMV resistance is incompletely dominant. None of the F 2 populations and F 2:3 progenies from crosses of Suweon 97 with other resistant cultivars having Rsvl alleles segregated for susceptibility to five SMV strains, suggesting that the Suweon 97 gene is an allele at the Rsvl locus. Data from crosses with Rsv3 and Rsv4 cultivars exhibited good fit to dihybrid ratios. This digenic segregation verifies that the Suweon 97 gene resides at a locus other than Rsv3 and Rsv4. In contrast to other previously identified SMV resistance genes, none of which are resistant to all SMV strains, Suweon 97 is immune to all SMV strains in the USA, thus a valuable source of genetic resistance. The gene symbol Rsv1-h is proposed for the resistance gene in Suweon 97.
Event-related brain potential evidence that local nouns affect subject–verb agreement processing

The conditions under which speakers make syntactic errors, and the manner in which listeners respond to them, provide insight into how complex computational problems related to the rules of language are solved. One of the important syntactic rules of English is that a subject and its corresponding verb must agree in number. However, the presence of a number-bearing element between the subject and verb results in frequent production errors and has also been shown to complicate comprehension. When asked to press a button in response to anomalies in several narrated short stories, participants in the current study were better able to detect subject–verb agreement violations when there were no intervening words. In a separate event-related potential (ERP) experiment in which participants listened to the same stories for comprehension, simple subject–verb agreement violations elicited the predicted anterior negativity and later posterior positivity (P600). In contrast, when a singular noun phrase appeared betw...
A simple salt solution medium supplemented with yolk plasma and lactate (YPLM) supports development of preimplantation bovine embryos in vitro

Abstract This study investigated the embryotropic potential(s) of egg yolk (EY) or its fractions, yolk plasma (YP) and yolk granules (YG), in culturing bovine embryos in vitro and substituting for protein (FCS, BSA, and BME-E and MEM-NE amino acids) and energy (glutamine, pyruvate and l -lactate) supplements commonly added to culture medium. In the first set of experiments (Experiment 1, 2 and 3) CR1aa with buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells were used as a co-culture system. The addition of 2.5% or 5% EY significantly increased (P 0.05) to those of the BRL control (37.6% and 57.4% vs. 51.5%, 22.7% and 39.5%, respectively). The supplementation of the BRL control with 5% YP compared to that of EY resulted in comparable (P>0.05) percentages of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts (39.0% and 51.6% vs. 40.0% and 58.3%, respectively). In the second set of experiments, the embryotropic potential of YP was examined using a cell-free culture system and a simple salt solution (SS) of NaCl, KCl and NaHCO3 as the base medium. The supplementation of an energy-supplemented cell-free simple salt solution (E-SS) with 5% YP in the absence of supplemental protein resulted in percent development into blastocysts and hatched blastocysts comparable (P>0.05) to those of a BRL control (39.2% and 15.8% vs. 37.1% and 22.2%, respectively). The addition of YP to the simple salt solution with hemicalcium l -lactate as the only supplemented energy ingredient resulted in percentages of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts similar (P>0.05) to those obtained by the supplementation of all energy sources (27.4% and 15.6% vs. 36.4% and 14.0%, respectively). Increasing hemicalcium l -lactate level from 5 to 10, 20 or 25 mM resulted in a significant decrease (P l -lactate.
Response of three phytoplankton bioassay techniques in experimental ponds of known limiting nutrient

In a controlled enrichment study of eight experimental ponds, results from the batch bioassay, primary productivity incubation bioassay, and chemostat techniques for measuring limiting factors of phytoplankton algae were compared to the change in the natural system with nutrient addition. In the ponds, rapid and dramatic increase in both phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity upon the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer offered conclusive evidence that these nutrients were limiting in the control ponds to which no nutrients were added. Both the batch bioassay and chemostat techniques clearly indicated nitrogen and possibly phosphorus as the limiting factors; however, the primary productivity incubation bioassay technique showed no increase in 14C uptake with addition of these nutrients. A species- and/or nutrient-specific time lag between nutrient uptake and increased carbon fixation is suggested to explain the failure of the technique to yield positive results within the 4-hour incubation period used.
Superstorm Sandy and voter vulnerability in the 2012 US Presidential Election: a case study of New Jersey and Connecticut

Superstorm Sandy was an unprecedented meteorological event that devastated the Caribbean and the Northeastern Coast of the USA in October 2012. While many research efforts will focus on the atmosph...
Communication gaps in nursing home transfers to the ED: impact on turnaround time, disposition, and diagnostic testing.

Abstract Introduction This study aims to determine the source of communication gaps in history of present illness (HPI), medical history, and advanced directives in nursing home (NH) patients transferred to the emergency department (ED). We also attempt to determine if these gaps create differences in patient turnaround time (TAT), disposition decision, or diagnostic testing. Methods A convenience sample of patients transferred from NHs to a level 1 community trauma center was enrolled by the physicians caring for them. The physicians assessed the adequacy and source of the history for each patient. The patient's chart was then retrospectively reviewed to determine disposition, ED TAT, and diagnostic tests ordered. Results One hundred patients were enrolled. Physicians found that NH paperwork contained adequate HPI 35% of the time. Patients could provide their own HPI 28% of the time. In 32% of patients, adequate HPI could not be obtained from the patient, NH paperwork, or NH personnel. Comparing patients in whom adequate HPI was available (n = 68) to those in whom HPI was not available (n = 32), there was no difference in TAT (146 vs 173 minutes, P = .22), admissions (60% vs 66%, P = .66), or diagnostic testing ( P = .89-1.0). Conclusion Emergency department physicians often do not have adequate HPI in patients transferred from NHs. The absence of adequate information does not affect patient TAT, disposition decision, or ED diagnostic testing.
Comparison of the DNAs of varicella-zoster viruses isolated from clinical cases of varicella and herpes zoster.

Abstract The DNA of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been characterized by sucrose gradient sedimentation and by isopycnic banding in CsCl. Comparisons of the DNAs from different clinical isolates have been made by mixing radiolabeled DNAs prior to centrifugation. VZV-DNA sedimented just behind T4 DNA on neutral sucrose gradients. Thus VZV-DNA has a molecular weight of about 100 x 10 6 . There were no distinguishable differences in the sedimentation behavior in neutral sucrose gradients of the DNAs from several clinical VZV isolates. The buoyant density in CsCl of the DNA of VZV isolated from varicella was reproducibly slightly lighter than the buoyant density of the DNA of VZV isolated from herpes zoster.
Communication in silence

What the Hands Reveal About the Brain. By Howard Poizner Edward S. Klima andUrsula Bellugi. MIT Press: 1987. Pp.236. $25, £22.50.
The best treatment for high-grade T1 bladder cancer is cystectomy

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the role of initial cystectomy in the management of high-grade T1 bladder cancer. Methods A selected review of the literature was performed to evaluate outcomes with intravesical therapy vs. initial cystectomy in this patient population, with a focus on identifying risk factors for failure of conservative therapy. Results Many studies in the literature fail to include central pathologic review and re-TUR clinical staging, and there are no randomized studies comparing outcomes with these two initial approaches. Retrospective studies of patients with high-grade T1 tumors treated with initial intravesical therapy suggest that approximately 30% of patients will ultimately require cystectomy, and 30% will die of their disease with or without cystectomy. The risk of progression continues for the life of the patient, and late recurrence and progression is common. Initial clinical and pathologic factors can be identified that predict a high risk of progression and are reasonable indicators for initial cystectomy. Conclusion Radical cystectomy can provide a very high cure rate for these patients and should be considered early in the treatment plan.
On the Robot Compliant Motion Control

The work presented here is a nonlinear approach for the control and stability analysis of manipulative systems in compliant maneuvers. The general stability condition has been extended to the particular case where the environment is very rigid in comparison with the robot stiffness. A fast, light-weight, active end-effector (a miniature robot) which can be attached to the end-point of large commercial robots has been designed and built to verify the control method
Enhanced bioavailability of azathioprine compared to 6-mercaptopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: correlation with treatment efficacy

Background: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine have proven efficacy in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Immunosuppression is mediated by their intracellular metabolism into active 6-thioguanine metabolites, and clinical responsiveness to therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been correlated with the measure of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine levels. Aims and methods: To perform a dosing equivalency analysis and comparison of clinical efficacy in 82 patients with inflammatory bowel disease on long-term (> 2 months) therapy with either branded azathioprine (Imuran) (n=26), generic azathioprine (n=38), or 6-mercaptopurine (n=18), based on the measurement of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels. Results: Disease remission was achieved in 51% (42 out of 82) of patients treated with either azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy, and correlated well with high erythrocyte 6-thioguanine levels (> 250 pmoles/8 × 108 RBCs). Patients treated with either branded azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine achieved significantly higher erythrocyte 6-thioguanine levels than patients treated with generic azathioprine, thereby suggesting that branded azathioprine has improved oral bioavailability compared to generic azathioprine. These data are consistent with the putative immunosuppressive role of 6-thioguanine metabolites in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and provides a basis for developing a therapeutic index of clinical efficacy based on the measurement of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels. Conclusions: Our results suggest that differences in bioavailability may have clinical relevance when considering the need to optimize erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels in patients deemed unresponsive to treatment on conventional drug dosages.
A simple procedure for the routine testing of respirator sorbents.

A simplified procedure for testing respirator sorbents for break-through when used against specific toxic gases is described. Detector tubes are used in a qualitative method as indicators of leakage or breakthrough. No special equipment or techniques are required other than the test gas, the detector tubes, and the simplified testing apparatus. The procedure is applicable to any gases for which suitable detector tubes are available, and the change from one test to another can be made simply and rapidly. Comparative tests with SO2 show good agreement with the conductivity method.
Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconductor material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here the authors present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability. 215 refs., 48 figs.
Invasive bladder carcinoma treated by radical cystectomy survival of patients

Sixty-three patients underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder carcinoma at West Virginia University Medical Center from 1961 to 1978. Survival statistics are presented and discussed in comparison with alternative modes of therapy. A brief discussion of complications is also presented.
The economic health of dentistry: past, present, and future

Important changes in dentistry during the past two decades include a declining caries incidence, an increase in the number of dentists, greater competition for patients, and the spread of retail dentistry and alternative plans for financing and delivering dental services. Dire predictions about the effects of these changes often have not been based on facts. This article uses available data to examine the profession's economic prospects.
The nature of iodine-amine solutions

Abstract When I2 is dissolved in pure amine, it is quantitatively reduced to iodide, the oxidation product being a symmetrical substituted hydrazine. Tertiary-butylamine reacts much more slowly than the other butylisomers, however, and the amine-iodine adduct can be isolated in that case. The observed proton magnetic resonance spectra show a single NH peak as a result of exchange averaging between at least twelve species. This peak shifts far downfield as more iodine is added, chiefly because of the contribution from protonated amine. We have determined equilibrium constants for a number of the proton exchange reactions and NH proton chemical shifts for some of the species present. Several other equilibrium constants and chemical shifts could not be reliably determined.
Beyond the Ghetto: Police Power, Methamphetamine and the Rural War on Drugs

Viewing police as important cultural producers, we ask how police power fashions structures of feeling and social imaginaries of the “war on drugs” in small towns of the rural Midwest. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and a collection of interviews focusing on police officers’ beliefs about the causes of crime and drug use, we locate a narrative of rural decline attributed to the producers and users of methamphetamine. We argue this narrative supports punitive and authoritarian sensibilities and broader narcopolitical projects more generally and ignores long-standing social inequalities observed in rural communities. As such, the cultural work of rural police provides important insight to the shape and direction of late-modern crime control beyond the familiar terrains of the city and its “ghetto.”
Spanning subgraphs of a hypercube IV: Rooted trees

A rooted spanning tree T of a hypercube Q"n with root at origin u = (0,0,...,0) has a function g: E(T)->{-1,+1} defined as follows. For each edge xy of T with d"T (u, x) < d"T (u, y), let g(xy) = @S(y"i- x"i). Another function f is defined by f(T, u) = @Sg(xy). We observe that f depends on the embedding of T, is odd-valued, and we obtain sharp bounds for f. We derive an odd-interpolation theorem for the values of f over all spanning trees of Q"n.
SU-FF-T-126: Clinical Experience Using Dynalog Files for Verification of IMRT Delivery

Purpose: Validation of IMRT field delivery and the dynamic leaf movement during treatment is an important part of the IMRT QA procedure. In the past this was done using film during treatment. In this presentation, we summarize our experience using the dynalog files to validate the delivered fluence pattern of individual IMRT fields for each patient. Method and Materials: The DynaLog files were generated during IMRT delivery on Varian Trilogy and 21EX linear accelerators. They represent the actual leaf movement, as MLC leaf positions were recorded, during delivery, every 50 ms. Argus IMRT QA software was used to interrogate the dynalog files after delivery for evaluation. The delivered and planned fluence pattern can be displayed for comparison as well as fluence difference and Gamma function values. Maximum and average fluence difference and Gamma function values can be employed for quantitative analysis, as well as actual versus planned leaf positions and speeds. The pass/fail status of each IMRT field can be set based on pre‐determined parameters. Results: We have employed the Argus IMRT QA software in analyzing the fluence patterns and leaf motions for all IMRT fields used for patient treatment. Several hundred fluence patterns were analyzed on 100 patients treated so far. The average and maximum gamma function value of each field was analyzed to determine appropriate limits for the pass/fail criteria in accordance with our clinical data. Conclusion: Verification of delivered fluence patterns is an important part of the IMRT QA process. It assures the accuracy of IMRT delivery on a daily basis. With the aid of Argus IMRT QA software, validation of all the fields used for IMRTtreatment can be performed within minutes for qualitative and quantitative analysis. With the proper choice of limits for test parameters, this approach further ensures the quality of IMRT delivery.
Rifampin: Inhibition of Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis After Potentiation by Amphotericin B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth by amphotericin B and rifampin was studied. Rifampin alone had no effect on growth or macromolecular syntheses. Lethal amounts of amphotericin B produced a late inhibition of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis simultaneous with the arrest of growth and protein synthesis. In contrast, low doses of amphotericin B along with rifampin caused an early arrest of RNA synthesis, followed by a later arrest of growth and protein synthesis. Used with rifampin, amphotericin B thus appears to increase cell permeability for rifampin, which in turn inhibits RNA synthesis; such results are consistent with some reports of inhibition of yeast RNA polymerase function by rifampin. Experiments with petite mutants ruled out any special effect of the antibiotics on mitochondrial RNA synthesis, so that nuclear RNA synthesis is affected. Acrylamide gel analyses of RNA pulse-labeled after addition of the two antibiotics in synergy showed that synthesis of all major classes of RNA was progressively and uniformly inhibited.
The Effect of Sulfaquinoxaline in Different Ration Formulations on Growth and Feed Efficiency of Coccidia-Free Chicks

Abstract THE effect of therapeutic and prophylactic levels of sulfaquinoxaline on the growth and feed efficiency of chicks has been reported for many growth trials in which the chicks were either inoculated with sporulated oocysts or exposed to natural coccidial infections. In only a relatively few growth studies have coccidia-free chicks been used, even though the use of such chicks would have permitted much more critical studies of the effect of the drug on growth and feed efficiency. Using coccidia-free chicks Singsen et al. (1948) obtained larger but nonsignificant gains when a high-energy diet containing 0.01 percent sulfaquinoxaline was fed continuously for seven weeks. Similar results were reported by Koutz (1948). Larger amounts of sulfaquinoxaline have produced inconsistent results. Singsen et al. (1948) obtained a “definite reduction” in the growth of coccidia-free chicks fed a diet containing 0.03 percent sulfaquinoxaline. Their male chicks were apparently unaffected by this level of the …
Identifying Similar Cases in Document Networks Using Cross-Reference Structures

Our objective was to explore the creation of document networks based on different thresholds of shared information and different clustering algorithms on those networks to identify document clusters describing similar clinical cases. We created networks from vaccine adverse event report sets using seven approaches for linking reports. We then applied three clustering algorithms [visualization of similarities (VOS), Louvain, k -means] to these networks and evaluated their ability to identify known clusters. The report sets included one simulated set and three sets from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; each was split into training and testing subsets. Training subsets were used to estimate parameter values for the clustering algorithms and testing subsets to evaluate clusters. We created the networks by linking reports based on shared information in the form either of individual Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms (PTs) or of dyads, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets, and sextuplets of PTs; we created another network by weighting the single PT network connections by Lin's information theoretic approach to similarity. We then repeated this entire process using networks based on text mining output rather than structured data. We evaluated report clustering using recall, precision, and f-measure. The VOS algorithm outperformed Louvain and k -means in general. The best weighting scheme appeared to be related to the complexity of the known cluster. For example, singleton weighting performed best for an intussusception cluster driven by a single PT. We observed marginal differences between the code- and textual-based clustering. In conclusion, our approach supported identification of similar nodes in a document network.
Scarfed nozzles for thrust-vector adjustment

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the utilization of scarfed nozzles for thrust-vector adjustment. The investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of utilizing scarfed nozzles on tactical missiles employing multiple strap-on solid rocket boosters. This approach offers an effective and low-cost method for aligning the thrust vector with the missile center of gravity. The use of such nozzles provides a means of minimizing the impact of booster-to-booster performance variation on missile angular velocity while having a minimal impact on individual booster performance. A previously developed scarfed nozzle performance-prediction computer code served as the primary theoretical analysis tool. This code was utilized to conduct an extensive parametric study that characterized the influence of scarfed nozzle geometry and nozzle operating pressure on the direction and magnitude of the thrust vector. The influence of scarfed nozzle geometry on the thrust vector was also experimentally investigated by statically firing specially designed solid rocket motors that employed scarfed nozzles. The data from the experimental motor firing were compared to performance predictions generated by the theoretical model. Design implications and concept limitations are addressed.
Formulas for Predicting Audible Noise from Overhead High Voltage AC and DC Lines

This paper describes Bonneville Power Administration's basic philosophy for predicting audible noise from ac and dc high voltage transmission lines. General formulas for predicting the A-weighted audible noise during rain for ac lines and during fair weather for dc lines which were developed from data from full-scale lines are presented. From this basic calculation, audible noise cumulative distributions, frequency spectrums, and lateral profiles can be estimated
Comparative observations on effects of carbon dioxide laser-induced peripheral nerve lesions in the rat ☆

This study was conducted to determine any changes that might occur in the associated cell bodies and proximal nerve stumps of sciatic nerves cut with carbon dioxide laser radiation. These changes were then compared with the changes that occur when performed with cutting cautery and scalpel. Both the proximal stump and the related dorsal root ganglia were examined with light and electron microscopy. The sciatic nerve was severed in 10 rats with the carbon dioxide laser, a cutting cautery, or a scalpel. Subsequent histopathologic examinations revealed: (a) both myelin and axonal degeneration in scalpel cuts; (b) less degeneration of proximal stump myelin in laser cuts compared with cautery cuts; and (c) no abnormalities in the associated dorsal root ganglia of nerves cut with the carbon dioxide laser. It was concluded that both the carbon dioxide laser and cutting cautery result in less damage and degeneration than a scalpel when used to sever peripheral nerves. The difference between the laser and cautery lesions was more quantitative than qualitative in that both impart thermal energy to the nerve. The carbon dioxide laser resulted in the least amount of injury.
Decreased functional coupling of the amygdala and supragenual cingulate is related to increased depression in unmedicated individuals with current major depressive disorder.

Abstract Background Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show abnormal functional coupling (FC) between several nodes of a widely distributed cortico-limbic network that includes the amygdala and anterior cingulate. The aim of this study was to examine the degree to which alterations in amygdala–cingulate FC relate to severity of current depressive symptoms in a group of depressed individuals without significant co-morbidities. Methods Fifteen young, unmedicated subjects with current MDD and 16 healthy controls (HC) with no lifetime history of psychiatric illness performed a validated emotional face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Amygdala activity and strength of amygdala–cingulate FC during emotional face processing were contrasted between the groups. Results Although both groups activated the extended amygdala (EA) during emotion processing, the MDD relative to the HC group showed more task-related co-activation of the subgenual cingulate, which is involved in processing negative self-referential information; and less co-activation of the supragenual cingulate, which is involved in the cognitive control of emotion. Greater depressive symptom severity correlated positively with decreased FC between bilateral EA and supragenual cingulate in MDD subjects. Limitations This study included a demographically homogeneous population of subjects, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions These results elaborate current neurobiological models of MDD by providing unique evidence that decreased FC between the EA and supragenual cingulate is related to increased severity of current depressive symptoms. We speculate that the clinical manifestations of MDD may result in part from a failed ability to co-activate a cognitive control network during emotion processing.
A modified Euler method for dynamic analyses

A modified version of the well known Euler method for numerical integration is presented, and its application in analyses of the dynamic response of structures is discussed. This modified method was first introduced in 1981, and it has been reported that it was discovered by accident. When first introduced, however, valuable information related to the accuracy, stability and merits of the method were not provided. It is shown that the modified Euler method has features that make it an attractive approach for applications in dynamic analyses of structures. Accuracy and stability analyses are made for the method by considering free-vibrational responses of linear, undamped, single-degree-of-freedom systems. The method is explicit and extremely easy to use. However, it is conditionally stable. Applications of the method are also made which illustrate its usefulness and inherent simplicity. Furthermore, comparisons of the modified Euler method and the Newmark beta method are reported which elucidate the relative merits of these methods.
Use of spin labels to evaluate effects of cold shock and osmolality on sperm.

Spin labels were used to evaluate the effects of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), rapid cooling to 0/sup 0/C and osmolality on the integrity of sperm membranes. In vitro incubation of rabbit sperm with 0.5 mM BHT prior to artificial insemination did not alter the fertilizing ability of the sperm. Sperm from 6 species were ranked in terms of susceptibility to membrane damage caused by rapid cooling to 0/sup 0/C. The integrity of bull and ram sperm membranes was destroyed by the rapid cooling; BHT protected membranes of these spermatozoa from cold-induced lysis. Boar sperm membranes were porous after rapid cooling and BHT did not prevent this membrane damage. Membranes of rabbit and rooster sperm were not damaged by rapid cooling to 0/sup 0/C. Stallion sperm could not be analyzed because their membranes were altered by addition of reagents necessary to use the technique. The responses of bull, ram and rabbit sperm membranes to hyper- and hypo-osmotic conditions were determined. Hypotonic treatment (less than 200 mOsm) resulted in a 50 percent expansion of the volume of the aqueous compartment of sperm while hypertonic (700 mOsm) conditions compressed the volume of the aqueous compartment to 25 to 30 percent of the volume measuredmore » at 300 mOsm. Bull sperm, but not rabbit or ram sperm, responded as ''perfect osmometers'' between 300 and 700 mOsm.« less
Comparative impact of an anthranilic diamide and other insecticidal chemistries on beneficial invertebrates and ecosystem services in turfgrass.

BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole, the first anthranilic diamide insecticide labeled for turf, combines strong selective activity against key pests with low vertebrate toxicity. The hypothesis that it is less disruptive to beneficial invertebrates and their ecosystem services than are other prevailing insecticide classes was tested. Plots in golf course settings were treated with chlorantraniliprole, or with a representative nicotinoid (clothianidin), pyethroid (bifenthrin) or a combination (clothianidin‐bifenthrin) formulation. Non-target effects were assessed via pitfall traps (epigeal predators), Tullgren funnel extraction (soil microarthropods), hand sorting (earthworms), counting ant mounds and earthworm casts on tees and putting greens, assessing predation on sentinel pest eggs and comparing grass clipping decomposition in treated versus untreated turf. RESULTS: Chlorantraniliprole had little or, in most cases, no impact on predatory or soil invertebrates, predation or decomposition. Each of the other insecticides temporarily reduced abundance and activity of one or more predator groups. Clothianidin and the clothianidin‐bifenthrin combination retarded grass clipping decomposition, and the combination suppressed earthworms and casts more than did carbaryl, a toxic standard. CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole is compatible with conservation biocontrol and a good fit for industry initiatives to use relatively less toxic pesticides. One caveat is that its use on golf courses may require targeted management of ant mounds and earthworm casts that are suppressed as a side effect by some less selective insecticides. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry