cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The right incentives enable ocean sustainability successes and provide hope for the future.

Abstract Healthy ocean ecosystems are needed to sustain people and livelihoods and to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Using the ocean sustainably requires overcoming many formidable challenges: overfishing, climate change, ocean acidification, and pollution. Despite gloomy forecasts, there is reason for hope. New tools, practices, and partnerships are beginning to transform local fisheries, biodiversity conservation, and marine spatial planning. The challenge is to bring them to a global scale. We dissect recent successes using a complex adaptive-systems (CAS) framework, which acknowledges the interconnectedness of social and ecological systems. Understanding how policies and practices change the feedbacks in CASs by altering the behavior of different system components is critical for building robust, sustainable states with favorable emergent properties. Our review reveals that altering incentives—either economic or social norms, or both—can achieve positive outcomes. For example, introduction of well-designed rights-based or secure-access fisheries and ecosystem service accounting shifts economic incentives to align conservation and economic benefits. Modifying social norms can create conditions that incentivize a company, country, or individual to fish sustainably, curb illegal fishing, or create large marine reserves as steps to enhance reputation or self-image. In each example, the feedbacks between individual actors and emergent system properties were altered, triggering a transition from a vicious to a virtuous cycle. We suggest that evaluating conservation tools by their ability to align incentives of actors with broader goals of sustainability is an underused approach that can provide a pathway toward scaling sustainability successes. In short, getting incentives right matters.
Abstract 268: Tracking HPV vaccination of young boys: is parental recall as dependable as physician records

Introduction: HPV vaccine is administered to young boys and girls aged 11-12 years in multiple doses rather than single dose. The interval between doses is critical as well as completion of the dose series. Moreover, the administration of the HPV vaccine in 2 doses is a recent change from the 3 doses previously recommended for children aged 11-12 years. Therefore, it is critical that HPV vaccination uptake records are accurately kept as interventions are developed to increase HPV vaccine uptake. Previous studies on the validity of parental reported HPV vaccine uptake have focused only on adolescent girls. This is because the HPV vaccine recommendation for boys came 5 years after that for girls. Currently, vaccination rates among boys lag behind those for girls across the United States. This study compared the validity of parent- vs. provider-reported HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates among a national sample of adolescent boys in the United States. Methods: We analyzed the 2014 National Immunization Survey-Teen data for adolescent boys only (n = 9,493), and obtained information on the records of HPV vaccine uptake [initiation (≥1 dose) and completion (≥ 3 doses)] for both parents (parental recall) and provider reports (electronic medical records). We compared the validity of parent- versus provider-reported HPV vaccination by computing validity measures [sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa]. Results: Rates reported by provider and parental recall were similar for HPV vaccine initiation (41.8% vs. 42.7%, respectively), and completion (19.6% vs. 21.9%, respectively). Compared to provider report, parent-reported HPV vaccine initiation had a sensitivity of 83.0%, a specificity of 88.8%, a PPV of 84.1%, a NPV of 87.9%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.72. Compared to provider report, parent-reported HPV vaccine completion had a sensitivity of 68.6%, a specificity of 92.9%, a PPV of 72.9%, a NPV of 91.4%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.63. Conclusions: Both parent- and provider-reported HPV vaccine initiation and completion rates were comparable; however, parental recall of HPV vaccine completion among boys was less sensitive. Ongoing surveillance of HPV vaccination rates among boys is important as more studies are designed to improve HPV vaccine uptake and understand parental HPV vaccine barriers. In this regard, parental recall may be used as an effective alternative in assessing HPV vaccine uptake in the United States. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters, Betelihem B. Tobo, Meera Muthukrishnan, Daphne Lew, Betty Chen, Eric Adjei Boakye. Tracking HPV vaccination of young boys: is parental recall as dependable as physician records [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-268
Psychosocial and Executive Function Recovery Trajectories One Year after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence of Age and Injury Severity

Abstract Time since traumatic brain injury (TBI) and developmental stage at injury may affect the trajectory of outcomes associated with adjustment and school success. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 519 children with either TBI or orthopedic injury (OI) age 2.5–15 years to examine children's psychosocial and executive function outcomes at 3- and 12-months post-injury. Outcome measures included the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) ratings. Controlling for pre-injury ratings and using the OI group as the reference, children with TBI, regardless of age or injury severity, had affective, anxiety, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems on the CBCL. Symptom trajectories differed both by injury severity and age at injury. Children with mild and complicated mild TBI had a decreasing anxiety trajectory, whereas children with severe TBI had increasing symptoms. Children 6–11 years...
The Imago Primi Saeculi Societatis Iesv (1640). Devotion, Politics and the Emblem.

ABSTRACT: The Imago Primi Saeculi Societatis Iesv (1640) is, perhaps, the most beautiful book of emblems published by the Jesuits in the seventeenth century. The book is a festive commemoration offered by the priests and students of the Flemish-Belgian Province in celebration of the centenary of the founding of the Society of Jesus. The work includes 127 full-page emblems distributed throughout a total of 956 folio-sized pages that narrate and illustrate in emblematic fashion the foundation, development, vicisstitudes and achievements of the Socirty in its evangelical and pedagogical mission. From the moment of its publication, the Imago was the object of attacks by Huguenauts and Jansenists who criticized its haughtiness, grandiloquent language and the hyperbolic comparisons of the narration. Hidden behind this criticism were the reasons for the Jansenist offensive against the book. Probabilism, the supposed frivolous attitude towards confession and the frequency of communion, advocated by the Jesuits, was the object of a pair of insulting treatises directed against the Imago by the famous Jansenists Antoine Arnauld and Issac Louis le Maitre de Sacy. The critics of the Imago maliciously ignored that the book's grandiloquent style, appropriate to a jubilation celebration, conforms to the language of classical rhetoric, thus perpetuating the propagandistic image of the book. KEYWORDS: Imago Primi Saeculi; Society of Jesus; Flanders; Flemish-Belgian Province. RESUMEN: El Imago Primi Saeculi Societatis Iesv (1640) es quizas el libro de emblemas mas bello publicado por los jesuitas en el siglo XVII. El libro es una conmemoracion festiva ofrecida por los sacerdotes y los escolares de la Provincia Flandro-Belga que celebra el centenario de la Compania de Jesus. La obra contiene ciento veintisiete emblemas a plena pagina con un total de novecientas cincuenta y seis paginas en folio que narran e ilustran de manera emblematica la fundacion, el desarrollo, las vicisitudes y los logros de la Compania en su mision evangelica y docente. Desde su publicacion, el Imago fue blanco de los ataques de hugonotes y jansenistas que criticaban la soberbia, el lenguaje grandilocuente, y las comparaciones hiperbolicas de la narrativa. Detras de la critica, se escondian las razones de la ofensiva jansenista hacia el libro. El probabilismo, la supuesta actitud frivola hacia la confesion, y la frecuencia de la comunion, aconsejada por los jesuitas, fueron objeto de sendos tratados injuriosos contra el Imago por parte de los famosos jansenistas Antoine Arnauld e Issac Louis le Maitre de Sacy. Los criticos del Imago maliciosamente descontaron que el estilo grandilocuente del libro, propio del jubileo, se ajusta al lenguaje de la retorica clasica, perpetuando asi la imagen propagandistica del libro. PALABRAS CLAVES: Imago Primi Saeculi; Compania de Jesus; Flandes; Provincia Flandro-Belgica.
First Do No Harm: Predicting Surgical Morbidity During Humanitarian Medical Missions.

Despite good intentions, humanitarian surgical missions are unavoidably linked to some degree of complication. We hypothesized that the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS-SRC) could estimate the risk of complications of procedures performed during the US Navy’s Pacific Partnership 2015 (PP15) mission. Patient information and surgical details recorded during PP15 were entered into the ACS-SRC. Risks of complications for each procedure were calculated. Receiver operating characteristics and Brier scores were calculated to compare the predicted outcomes to the observed complications. Of the 174 unique procedures performed during PP15 (representing 465 patients), 99 were found in the ACS-SRC (representing 256 patients). Risk calculations for PP15 were: 1.5% risk (IQR 0.9, 2.4) of “serious” complications and 2.0% risk (IQR 1.3, 2.8) of “any” complication. ACS-SRC specific risks were calculated as follows: pneumonia 0.1%, cardiac 0.0%, surgical site infection (SSI) 0.6%, urinary tract infection 0.2%, venous thromboembolism 0.1%, renal failure 0.0%, OR return 0.9%, and death 0.0%. The only specific ACS-SRC complication observed was “OR return” (0.35%) and SSI (0.35%). The observed PP15 rates for “serious” or “any” complications (ACS-SRC definition) were 0.70% (2/285) each. Receiver operating characteristics for ACS-SRC for predicting “serious” or “any” complication were 0.743 (p = 0.118) and 0.654 (p = 0.227), respectively. Although the ACS-SRC over-predicted risk compared to observed outcomes, it may offer a good starting point for humanitarian surgery risk calculation. Observed outcomes may be limited by loss-to-follow-up bias. Emphasis should be placed on establishing patient follow-up as part of humanitarian surgical mission planning and execution.
Diagnostic validity of schizophreniform disorder

Objective The author examined the validity of schizophreniform disorder as defined in DSM-III and DSM-III-R by critically reviewing the current literature. Method Thirty publications that met specific inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed. To organize information relevant to the question of validity, the data were divided into three general classes of validators: antecedent, concurrent, and predictive. When possible, meta-analyses of specific validators were performed according to the summary odds ratio method of Mantel-Haenszel. Results The findings of this review failed to provide support for the validity of schizophreniform disorder, as it is currently defined, as a distinct diagnostic entity. In addition, the review did not provide strong support for schizophreniform disorder as representing a subtype of schizophrenia or affective illness. Instead, the data suggest that the current diagnostic criteria for schizophreniform disorder identify a heterogeneous group of patients with new-onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and atypical affective disorder and a small subgroup with a remitting nonaffective psychosis. Conclusions This review suggests that the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder has limited clinical utility. Patients meeting criteria for schizophreniform disorder should instead be diagnosed as having psychotic disorder not otherwise specified until additional clinical information (e.g., course of illness) becomes available. Future research will require prospective longitudinal follow-up of patients with new-onset affective and nonaffective psychoses to identify the subgroup with "true" schizophreniform disorder, i.e., a remitting nonaffective psychosis.
The Rorschach Inkblots

The use of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument remains an issue of controversy. Despite the extensive clinical and theoretical literature related to the Rorschach, those individuals critical of this instrument maintain that the validity of the Rorschach has not been established according to strict psychometric standards. Proponents of the Rorschach maintain that the functional utility of this instrument relies on the clinical skills and sensitivities of the clinician using it. The past few years have seen a great increase in the number of research studies investigating the reliability and validity of the Rorschach. However, the controversy continues. Regardless of one’s bias toward the use of this instrument, there is a paucity of research on its validity and reliability when it is used with neurologically impaired clients. The utility, or the potential utility, of this procedure, however, continues to be of interest (see the symposium listing for the Eighth European Conference of the International Neuropsychological Society, Costa & Rourke, 1985). The proponents of the Rorschach defend its use and conclude that the Rorschach has an adequate empirical base to allow its use in a forensic context (McCann, 1998). The courts seem to agree, as a review of legal cases in which the Rorschach was involved in legal testimony indicates that the findings of an evaluation using the Rorschach were allowed in testimony the majority of times in which the Rorschach was used (Meloy, Hansen, & Weiner, 1997). However, the true test of the Rorschach needs to be conducted in the context of expert research psychologists published in peer-reviewed journals (Exner, Colligan, Boll, Stischer, & Hillman, 1996; Wood, Nezworski, & Stejskal, 1996).
Therapeutic Use of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Postbiotics to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis: What is the Current Evidence?

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and preventive therapies that are both effective and safe are urgently needed. Current evidence from therapeutic trials suggests that probiotics are effective in decreasing NEC in preterm infants, and probiotics are currently the most promising therapy for this devastating disease. However, concerns regarding safety and optimal dosing have limited the widespread adoption of routine clinical use of probiotics in preterm infants. This article summarizes the current evidence regarding the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in the preterm infant, including their therapeutic role in preventing NEC.
Law Student Success and Supports: Examining Bar Passage and Factors That Contribute to Student Performance

In recent years, law schools have experienced a decline in enrollment and bar passage. Higher education has been challenged to understand this new phenomenon and conduct research that can inform law student success practices and policies. This paper presents findings from research conducted at a large, Midwestern public university that investigated the factors and student characteristics most strongly associated with bar passage. Results suggest that bar passage can be predicted by a wide battery of variables. Despite some literature that suggests otherwise, however, LSAT and undergraduate GPA are weakly predictive, while information from the first year of law school – even the performance in just one first semester course – explains significantly more variation in bar passage. These preliminary results provide important first insights into bar passage.
STUDY CHOICE WITH DIFFICULT-TO-READ TEXT

Results from this experimental study indicate that naive theories of intelligence do not play a significant role in the formation of students’ judgments of learning (JOL) or students’ study choices...
Combined effects of liquid wicking and hydrodynamic instability on pool boiling critical heat flux by two-tier copper structures of nanowires and microgrooves

Abstract Two-tier structures of Copper Nanowires (CuNWs) and microgrooves have been fabricated on copper substrates. Pool boiling heat transfer experiments have been conducted to study the combined effects of wicking by CuNWs and modulated wavelength by microgroove pitches on pool boiling Critical Heat Flux (CHF). First, 70 nm diameter CuNWs with three different heights of 5 µm, 15 µm, and 25 µm have been synthesized on plain copper surfaces via in-house made Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) templates. The wicking effect of CuNWs at different heights on pool boiling CHF has been measured. Second, microgrooves of 262 µm wide and 518 µm deep at three different mesh pitches of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 4.0 mm have been fabricated to study the modulated wavelength effect on pool boiling CHF. Last, 25 µm height CuNWs have been integrated with various microgroove meshes to create two-tier structures. The highest pool boiling CHFs of each type of structures are achieved on CuNWs at 25 µm height, microgrooves at 0.5 mm mesh pitch, and two-tier structures of CuNWs at 25 µm height and microgrooves at 0.5 mm mesh pitch are 189.3 W/cm2, 236.4 W/cm2, and 246.3 W/cm2, respectively. The CHF enhancements of these structures over that on a plain surface are 68.6%, 110.5%, and 119.3%, respectively. The experimental results have demonstrated that both wicking effect and modulated wavelength effect contribute to pool boiling CHF enhancement on the two-tier structures, and the collective effect depends on the combination between CuNWs height and microgroove mesh pitch. An existing theoretical model of pool boiling CHF has been extended to include liquid wicking effect and contact angle effect on CuNWs surfaces, and a new correlation for pool boiling CHF on the two-tier structures has been developed to include contributions from both liquid wicking by CuNWs and modulated wavelength by microgrooves.
Transcatheter closure of atrial septostomy facilitates minimally invasive left ventricular assist device implantation.

Abstract Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is effective for resuscitating patients in cardiogenic shock prior to committing to durable mechanical circulatory support. However, patients with severely impaired left ventricular function can develop left ventricular (LV) distension and subsequent pulmonary edema while on VA-ECMO. A percutaneous atrial septostomy can be used to allow left-sided decompression and ameliorate refractory pulmonary edema in this situation. Closure of septal defects is mandatory at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) insertion to avoid right-to-left shunting and refractory hypoxemia. Here we present a case of a patient who required VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock due to decompensated heart failure. While on VA-ECMO, he developed pulmonary edema, which resolved after a percutaneous atrial septostomy was created. Concurrent transcatheter closure of the atrial septostomy facilitated successful use of a minimally invasive approach to LVAD insertion.
Brief cognitive behavioral therapy reduces suicidal ideation in veterans with chronic illnesses

Abstract Objective We evaluated the effect of brief cognitive behavioral therapy (bCBT) on suicidal ideation among medically ill veterans receiving mental health treatment in primary care. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted on data collected during a multisite, patient-randomized trial investigating the impact of bCBT (n = 180) on depression and anxiety symptoms, relative to enhanced usual care (EUC; n = 122), in patients with congestive heart failure and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BCBT was delivered by primary care mental health providers over 4 months, with follow-up posttreatment assessments of suicidal ideation, measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (item 9) at 4, 8, and 12 months. Suicidal ideation was the primary outcome examined in the current analysis. Generalized estimating equations modeling suicidal ideation were used to compare the study arms. Results Participants receiving bCBT were less likely to have high suicidal ideation than participants receiving EUC posttreatment and at 8-month follow-up after accounting for baseline suicidal ideation. Within-group comparisons suggest participants receiving bCBT were less likely to have high suicidal ideation at 4, 8, and 12 months when compared with baseline. High suicidal ideation for EUC participants did not differ at 4, or 8 months, but they were less likely to have high suicidal ideation at 12 months. Conclusion bCBT in primary care reduces suicidal ideation and may help prevent future suicidal ideation.
A Veritable Banquet

An overview of the editor's concerns about sufficient material and a celebration of the quality and quantity submitting for this issue.
Projection Algorithms for Non-Convex Minimization with Application to Sparse Principal Component Analysis

We consider concave minimization problems over non-convex sets.Optimization problems with this structure arise in sparse principal component analysis. We analyze both a gradient projection algorithm and an approximate Newton algorithm where the Hessian approximation is a multiple of the identity. Convergence results are established. In numerical experiments arising in sparse principal component analysis, it is seen that the performance of the gradient projection algorithm is very similar to that of the truncated power method and the generalized power method. In some cases, the approximate Newton algorithm with a Barzilai-Borwein (BB) Hessian approximation can be substantially faster than the other algorithms, and can converge to a better solution.
Integrated Approach to Pavement Marking Management

Providing good pavement marking performance is an essential component of the transportation system. According to Tom Welch, state safety engineer for the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT), "Every older driver forum has included a consistent demand for brighter and more durable pavement markings." This paper summarizes some management tools developed for Iowa DOT as part of a pavement marking management system (PMMS). A summary of how retroreflectivity data are used statewide in managing pavement marking performance is provided as well as a discussion of how the PMMS was integrated with other infrastructure management resources for Iowa DOT.
Robust bone regeneration through endochondral ossification of human mesenchymal stem cells within their own extracellular matrix

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in their secreted extracellular matrix (mECM) constitute an exogenous scaffold-free construct capable of generating different types of tissues. Whether MSC-mECM constructs can recapitulate endochondral ossification (ECO), a developmental process during in vivo skeletogenesis, remains unknown. In this study, MSC-mECM constructs are shown to result in robust bone formation both in vitro and in vivo through the process of endochondral ossification when sequentially exposed to chondrogenic and osteogenic cues. Of interest, a novel trypsin pre-treatment was introduced to change cell morphology, which allowed MSC-mECM constructs to undergo the N-cadherin-mediated developmental condensation process and subsequent chondrogenesis. Furthermore, bone formation by MSC-mECM constructs were significantly enhanced by the ECO protocol, as compared to conventional in vitro culture in osteogenic medium alone. This was designed to promote direct bone formation as seen in intramembranous ossification (IMO). The developmentally informed method reported in this study represents a robust and efficacious approach for stem-cell based bone generation, which is superior to the conventional osteogenic induction procedure.
The Effects of Including Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment Protocol of Concussions: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis

Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.
Deep Friendship at a Sausage Party: A Foucauldian Reading of Friendship, Fractured Masculinities and Their Potential for School Practices

In his interview, “Friendship as a Way of Life,” Foucault notes that “The development toward which the problem of homosexuality tends is the one of friendship” (Ethics: Subjectivity and truth. The New Press, New York, p. 136, 1997). This statement questions suppositions that link homosexual intimacy with the act of sex, for Foucault advocates for the importance of friendship and emotional intimacy between homosexual men. He says, “To want guys [garcons] was to want relations with guys” (p. 136). Although sexual desire may be implied as an integral feature of “relations,” Foucault stresses intimacy between men that is “much more than the sexual act itself” (p. 136). This chapter puts Foucault’s thoughts about friendship between homosexual men into conversation with recent scholarship in masculinities theory to see what can be learned about homosocial male love and intimacy. Much recent scholarly literature in masculinities highlights a need for emotional intimacy among men yet instances of this intimacy are continually policed by heterosexism and homophobia (Buitenbos in Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy/Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychotherapie 46(4): 335–343, 2012; Connell in Masculinities. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2005; Kimmel in Guyland: The perilous world where boys become men. Harper, New York, 2008). Moreover, Foucault speaks to the close emotional attachment that soldiers require to endure war, but as he says, the army is a space “where love between men is ceaselessly provoked [appele] and shamed” (1997, p. 137). This chapter borrows Foucault’s assertion that institutions provoke and shame homosocial male love to examine the ways that schools regulate intimacy between boys in spite of contemporary theories of masculinities that correlate a healthy gender identity with same-sex emotional intimacy.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis complicating acute appendicitis: A case series.

Abstract Introduction Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical conditions. In the current era it rarely presents in association with mesenteric venous thrombosis. We present 4 cases of mesenteric venous thrombosis occurring in the setting of acute appendicitis. Methods We performed a retrospective review of Mayo Enterprise clinical database for inpatients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis and venous thrombosis related ICD-10 codes. Charts for patients with a diagnosis of mesenteric venous thrombosis and acute appendicitis were reviewed to identify demographic data, findings at presentation, and management patterns. Results A total of 1,615 inpatients were identified with a principle diagnosis of acute appendicitis across the Mayo Enterprise from October 1st, 2015- March 31st, 2019. Four inpatients with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis were also noted to have a mesenteric venous thrombosis at presentation resulting in an incidence of 0.25 %. Mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 12.25 days. All patients with acute appendicitis and mesenteric venous thrombosis were initially managed with a heparin drip, antibiotics, and intravenous fluids. Ultimately, 3 of 4 patients underwent appendectomy. Conclusion Mesenteric venous thrombosis complicating acute appendicitis is rare and typically presents in a delayed fashion. Patients without evidence of non-viable bowel are typically treated initially with intravenous fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, bowel rest, and anticoagulation with a heparin drip.
A continuum thermomechanical model for the electrosurgery of soft hydrated tissues using a moving electrode

Electrosurgical radio-frequency heating of tissue is widely applied in minimally invasive surgical procedures to dissect tissue with simultaneous coagulation to obtain hemostasis. The tissue effect...
Propensity Score Analysis Assessing the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases among the Transgender Population in the United States Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017-2019).

Research to assess the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the transgender population needs to be prioritized given the high prevalence of chronic conditions and associated risk factors in this group. Previous cross-sectional studies utilized unmatched samples with a significant covariate imbalance resulting in a selection bias. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempts to assess and compare the burden of NCDs among propensity score-matched transgender and cisgender population groups. This study analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (2017–2019) using complex weighting procedures to generate nationally representative samples. Logistic regression was fit to estimate propensity scores. Transgender and cisgender groups were matched by sociodemographic variables using a 1:1 nearest neighbor matching algorithm. McNemar, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted among matched cohorts using R and SPSS version 26 software. Compared with the cisgender group, the transgender group was significantly more likely to have hypertension (31.3% vs. 27.6%), hypercholesteremia (30.8% vs. 23.7%), prediabetes (17.3% vs. 10.3%), and were heavy drinkers (6.7% vs. 6.0%) and smokers (22.4% vs. 20.0%). Moreover, the transgender group was more than twice as likely to have depression (aOR: 2.70, 95% CI 2.62–2.72), stroke (aOR: 2.52 95% CI 2.50–2.55), coronary heart disease (aOR: 2.77, 95% CI 2.74–2.81), and heart attack (aOR: 2.90, 95% CI 2.87–2.94). Additionally, the transgender group was 1.2–1.7 times more likely to have metabolic and malignant disorders. Differences were also found between transgender subgroups compared with the cisgender group. This study provides a clear picture of the NCD burden among the transgender population. These findings offer an evidence base to build health equity models to reduce disparities among transgender groups.
Artificial Intelligence in Information Technology

Several types of research have been made regarding the importance of AI technology. Still, less has been done concerning the importance of AI in the IT industry and its impact on America. This is a broad topic that needs to be discussed from all perspectives, and should researchers feel free to discuss this topic since it is one of the most trending issues in the US. This research paper focuses on the impacts of artificial intelligence in the IT field and its impacts in the US. THE findings show that AI has made work more comfortable in this industry, improved productivity, creating secure systems, and enhancing applications. Also, the US has benefited from the use of AI, which has developed its economic benefits.
JUE Insights: Desegregated but still separated? The impact of school integration on student suspensions and special education classification

Abstract In this paper I study the impact of court-mandated school desegregation by race on student suspensions and special education classification. Simple descriptive statistics using student enrollment and outcome data collected from the largest school districts across the country in the 1970s and 1980s show that Black-White school integration was increasing for districts under court order, but not for a set of comparison districts. Similarly, Black student suspension rates were increasing at faster rates in integrating districts relative to comparison districts, and their classification rates as having an intellectual disability were decreasing at slower rates. Differences-in-differences and event study models confirm these patterns I observe in the raw data: after integration, school districts experienced statistically and practically significant reductions in racial isolation across schools and growth in racial disparities in discipline and special education classification. The impacts of integration are immediate, sustained, and robust for student suspensions in particular. My results thus provide causal evidence confirming prior descriptive and theoretical work suggesting that the racial composition of schools may influence measures of categorical inequality by race.
COLORADO RIVER-FLOW MANAGEMENT

A method of computing transient flow changes in a flowing stream is described. The results of more than five years of experience in the use of this method for estimating flows at the gaging stations of the 147-mile Parker-Imperial reach of the Colorado River are summarized. An account is also made of digital computer applications which enable tabulations of the expected flows at the gaging stations for each hour of the ensuing 24 hours to be made and transmitted to the Boulder City Office of USBR in time to be available at the beginning of each work day. Tabulation covering 72 hours are prepared for weekend operations.
Temperature Dependence of the Ultrasonic Properties of AS4/LEXAN and XAS/LEXAN Composite

The integration of composites into critical components of aerospace structures requires that their integrity can be nondestructively evaluated. Conventional ultrasonic techniques are sufficient for gross flaw detection but nondestructively measuring matrix consolidation, fiber matrix adhesion and fiber breakage calls for the development of new techniques. Presented here is an approach which will aid in the understanding of the interaction of ultrasonic waves with composite materials.
Overcoming Silo Thinking in the IS Discipline by Thinking Differently about IS and IT

This essay challenges fundamental, silo-oriented assumptions about the IS discipline. It shows how work system theory and its extensions form a potential basis for overcoming that silo-orientation and finding and exploiting areas of overlap with other disciplines. Within the IS discipline, this paper shows how WST and extensions provide a basis for thinking differently about fundamental topics including the following: IS as a system-related discipline, system usage, sociotechnical systems, planned and emergent change in systems, system development and systems analysis and design, user participation and IS/IT projects, attaining value from IS and IT, IS success, business/IT alignment, and IS theories and a body of knowledge for IS. This paper also shows directions toward synergies and possible collaborations with other disciplines that build on areas of overlap.
Lipid markers of diet history and their retention during experimental starvation in the Bering Sea euphausiid Thysanoessa raschii

Abstract Two extended pulsed feeding experiments, following the spring bloom period, investigated lipid retention in the prominent Bering Sea euphausiid (krill) Thysanoessa raschii. These experiments occurred during late spring and early summer of 2010. Concurrent taxonomic analysis of the natural algal community allowed prey type to be linked to lipid composition of the natural communities. In late spring, experimental periods of feeding followed by starvation showed an overall decrease in total lipid for T. raschii. In early summer, no consistent trend was observed for total lipid with the visible presence of storage lipid in some animals. Polar lipids, as phospholipids, were the dominant krill lipid class in both experiments constituting ≥88% of total lipid, and triacylglycerols reached a maximum of 5% of total lipid. The sterols cholesterol and brassicasterol+desmosterol comprised 98–99% of total sterol abundances in T. raschii throughout both experiments, even after feeding periods when alternative sterols (i.e. the algal sterol 24-methylenecholesterol) accounted for up to 39% of sterols in potential food particles. Cholesterol abundance and concentration increased during both incubations, likely due to the metabolism of dietary sterols. Major fatty acids observed in krill included C14:0n, C16:0n, C16:1(n-7), C18:1(n-7), C18:1(n-9), C20:5(n-3), and C22:6(n-3) with the diatom-attributed C16:1(n-7) decreasing in abundance and concentration during starvation. Low concentrations of the dinoflagellate-derived sterol and a novel C28:8 PUFA, typically found in dinoflagellates and prymnesiophytes, indicated predation on protozooplankton in early summer when diatom abundances were low. The stability of lipid distributions over periods of starvation and intermittent feeding suggest that fatty acid and sterol biomarkers present in this polar euphausiid principally reflect long-term diet history rather than short-term feeding episodes.
The influence of photosynthetic acclimation to rising CO2 and warmer temperatures on leaf and canopy photosynthesis models

There is an increasing necessity to understand how climate change factors, particularly increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]) and rising temperature, will influence photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A). Based on theory, an increased [CO2] concomitant with a rise in temperature will increase A in C3 plants beyond that of an increase in [CO2] alone. However, uncertainty surrounding the acclimation response of key photosynthetic parameters to these changes can influence this response. In this work, the acclimation responses of C3 photosynthesis for soybean measured at the SoyFACE Temperature by Free-Air CO2 Enrichment experiment are incorporated in a leaf biochemical and canopy photosynthesis model. The two key parameters used as model inputs, the maximum velocity for carboxylation (Vc,max) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), were measured in a full factorial [CO2] by temperature experiment over two growing seasons and applied in leaf- and canopy-scale models to (1) reassess the theory of combined increases in [CO2] and temperature on A, (2) determine the role of photosynthetic acclimation to increased growth [CO2] and/or temperature in leaf and canopy predictions of A for these treatments, and (3) assess the diurnal and seasonal differences in leaf- and canopy-scale A associated with the imposed treatments. The results demonstrate that the theory behind combined increases in [CO2] and temperature is sound; however, incorporating more recent parameterizations into the photosynthesis model predicts greater increases in A when [CO2] and temperature are increased together. Photosynthetic acclimation is shown to decrease leaf-level A for all treatments; however, in elevated [CO2] the impact of acclimation does not result in any appreciable loss in photosynthetic potential at the canopy scale. In this analysis, neglecting photosynthetic acclimation in heated treatments, with or without concomitant rise in [CO2], leads to modeled overestimates of carbon gain for soybean under future predicted conditions.
Nanotechnology in the detection and control of microorganisms.

Publisher Summary “Nano-” denotes nanometer (10 –9 meter). Nanomaterials can be produced from various bulk materials, with either organic or inorganic components as their major constituents. The nanomaterials to be discussed in this chapter are divided into three categories: polymeric, semiconductor, and metallic. Organic polymeric nanomaterials include a large and diverse group of carbon nanotubes, emulsions, liposomes, dendrimers, and other organic polymers. Although nanotechnology is still new, nanomaterials have been widely used in electronics, magnetics and optoelectronics, energy and catalytic, biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, clothing, cosmetics, and environmental detection and monitoring. The chapter discusses the current status of three major types of nanomaterials as they are applied in the control and detection of various microorganisms: polymeric nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanoemulsion) that are conjugated with different biofunctionalities, fluorescent agents and the applications of semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent tag/label/probe for the rapid and sensitive identification and detection of pathogens in pure or mixed microbial cultures, and metallic nanomaterials such as Ag, TiO 2 , and MgO that are used in antimicrobial applications.
Who Leaves and Who Stays? Evidence on Immigrant Selection from the Collapse of Soviet Science

I draw upon the end of the Soviet Union and the subsequent emigration of scientists westward to provide new estimates of immigrant selection. I use a large unique dataset of over 15,000 Russian scientists across many fields of science who were publishing in the top Soviet journals just before the end of the USSR. The results show that on a number of observable characteristics, emigrant scientists look very different from those who stayed at home. The emigrants were more likely to be men, were younger, and were selected from the upper part of the productivity distribution. I also find that the most skilled were more likely to leave early in the transition period and were more likely to immigrate to the US compared to European countries. The results are consistent with the predictions that positive selection of emigrants increases with migration costs and the returns to skill abroad.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: an overview for primary care physicians

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP) are major sources of morbidity in older men. Management of these disorders has evolved considerably in recent years. This article provides a focused overview of BPH and CaP management aimed at primary care physicians. Current literature pertaining to BPH and CaP is reviewed and discussed. The management of BPH has been influenced by the adoption of effective medical therapies; nonetheless, surgical intervention remains a valid option for many men. This can be accomplished with well-established standards such as transurethral resection of the prostate or with minimally invasive techniques. Prostate cancer screening remains controversial despite the recent publication of two large clinical trials. Not all prostate cancers necessarily need to be treated. Robot-assisted prostatectomy is a new and increasingly utilised technique for CaP management, although open radical retropubic prostatectomy is the oncological reference standard. The ageing of the population of the developed world means that primary care physicians will see an increasing number of men with BPH and CaP. Close collaboration between primary care physicians and urologists offers the key to successful management of these disorders.
Intestinal metabolism of orally administered glucose and fructose in Yucatan miniature swine

Absorption rates and metabolism of orally administered glucose and fructose were quantitated in conscious, overnight-fasted, Yucatan miniature swine. The pigs were surgically prepared, with catheters in the portal vein and a carotid artery. A continuous wave Doppler flow cuff was placed around the portal vein. Four to 7 days after surgery, arterial and portal venous blood samples were obtained in the basal state and at 15-minute intervals for 4 hours following oral administration of glucose or fructose (1.5 g/kg body weight). Absorption rates and intestinal metabolism were calculated from portal blood flow and arterio-venous concentration differences for glucose, fructose and lactate. Oral fructose administration was accompanied by a rise in intestinal lactate production, which correlated significantly with the fructose absorption rate. Intestinal lactate output during fructose absorption could account for 12% of the fructose absorbed or metabolized. A small rise in glucose output from the gut was also observed. In contrast, after oral glucose administration, only a modest rise in intestinal lactate output was noted. It could account for only 2% of the glucose absorbed or metabolized. No correlation between glucose absorption rate and intestinal lactate output was observed. These studies indicate that a significant portion of oral fructose is converted to lactate during absorption but that the major part enters the portal vein as fructose. Only minimal intestinal metabolism of ingested glucose occurs.
The End of the Robinson-Patman Act? Evidence from Legal Case Data

The Robinson-Patman Act (RP), an antitrust statute aimed at protecting small businesses, limits price setting in distribution channels. To avoid costly penalties under RP, managers take a variety of precautions when pricing to retailers and wholesalers. But how likely is a court to find a defendant guilty of violating the RP? We find that this likelihood has dropped drastically as a result of recent Supreme Court rulings from more than 1 in 3 before 1993 to less than 1 in 20 for the period 2006--2010. The analysis also points to an increased success of the no harm to competition defense, which reflects the view that the courts have raised the hurdle for plaintiffs to establish competitive harm. Finally, our results indicate that smaller plaintiffs over time have fared worse than larger ones, a trend that challenges the notion that RP protects small businesses.
Opposing roles of ERK and p38 MAP kinases in FGF2-induced astroglial process extension

The stellate processes of astroglial cells undergo extensive remodeling in response to neural injury. Little is known about intracellular signaling mechanisms controlling process extension. We tested roles for the ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways in a simplified culture model. FGF2-induced process extension was preceded by a strong and transient phosphorylation of ERK, and a modest activation of p38 MAP kinase, which exhibited significant basal activity. Phosphorylated ERK was found predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas activated p38 MAP kinase was nuclear. Process extension was completely blocked by the specific MEK inhibitor U0126. Conversely, inhibition of the p38 MAP kinase pathway with SB202190 stimulated spontaneous process growth and greatly potentiated FGF2-induced process extension. The p38 inhibitor effect was reproduced with an adenovirus expressing dominant-negative p38 MAP kinase. Selective pharmacological blockade of MAP kinase pathways may enable modulation of the astroglial response to injury so as to promote neural regeneration.