cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
40 Objectively measured sleep position in early and late pregnancy

Introduction Whilst it has long been recognised that posture has a profound impact on maternal haemodynamics, few studies have extrapolated these practices to maternal sleep. Recently, findings from several countries have shown that self-report of maternal going-to-sleep in the supine position increases the odds 2-8-fold for 3rd trimester stillbirth. However, none of the prior research has been able to objectively assess sleep position and it is unclear how many pregnant women spend time supine. The goal of the present study was to objectively assess sleep position and respiratory disturbance in pregnant women and to determine how these variables change across pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women were recruited from a large academic medical centre prior to 19 weeks’ gestation and invited to undergo home sleep testing using the WatchPAT device. Home sleep testing was repeated in late pregnancy. The proportion of supine sleep time was calculated and OSA was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥5 events/hour. Results Overall, 174 women were studied at a mean gestational age of 15.3±3.0 weeks (early pregnancy) and home sleep testing was repeated at a mean gestational age of 35.5±1.9 weeks (late pregnancy). Sleep duration decreased as pregnancy progressed (6.8hr vs 6.0 hr, p Discussion Half of women spend some time in the supine sleep position in late pregnancy. Given the emerging associations between supine sleep and stillbirth, maternal sleep practices offer a modifiable risk factor.
Housing and Neighborhood Turnover among Immigrant and Native-Born Households in New York City, 1991 to 1996

This article examines the pattern of housing choice among foreign- and native-born mover households in New York City, using two panels of individual-level data. We show that turnovers are most likely between households of similar race/ethnicity and that location in ethnically mixed and predominantly nonwhite subareas increases the odds of in-movement by foreign- and native-born black and Hispanic households rather than white household in-movement.Our results suggest that housing market segmentation continues to influence where households live and that immigrant mobility patterns are unlikely to increase the integration of whites with blacks and Hispanics in New York's neighborhoods. However, modest support for the roles of distinct neighborhood preferences and search processes is provided by the significant likelihood of immigrant inmovement associated with location in areas with high concentrations of persons with low English language abilities and previous occupancy by another immigrant household.
CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma

The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.
Risk aversion and optimal satellite systems

Long-term, multiple-payload satellites in Earth orbit can be designed either as consolidated or distributed satellite systems. A consolidated satellite architecture aggregates multiple payload capabilities onto individual large satellites. A distributed (or ‘disaggregated’) satellite architecture allocates payloads across multiple smaller, heterogeneous satellites. Each system type has certain advantages and disadvantages. A consolidated system often has highly-reliable individual satellites and may offer a lower initial deployment cost. The advantages of a distributed system include the ability to replace a failed unit, or to insert a new technology, more quickly and at a lower cost. Such a system may also be less vulnerable to adversarial threats. We model the value of a satellite program as that of the data that it provides, and use this approach to find optimal sequential decisions to choose and operate the satellite system. The model includes a failure risk analysis to assess and compare the benefits of different system configurations. In sum, we provide a model that enables value-based comparison of entire satellite architectures, where each technical and operational characteristic is optimally exploited. The results of this research indicate that risk-averse decision makers are likely to prefer a distributed satellite system. This work has implications for research on resilience, value, and mission analysis for future space systems.
A 10Gb/s data-dependent jitter equalizer

An equalization circuit is presented that reduces data-dependent jitter by aligning data transition deviations. This paper presents an analytic solution to data-dependent jitter and demonstrates its impact on the phase noise of the recovered clock. A data-dependent jitter equalizer is presented that compensates for impairment of the channel and lowers the phase noise of the recovered clock. The circuit is implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS process and operates at 10 Gb/s. It suppresses phase noise resulting from data-dependent jitter by 10 dB.
Mail order brides

“Mail order brides” are commonly depicted in Euro-American and Australian popular media as women from poor countries, desperate to marry foreign men for upward mobility and to escape poverty. They are widely assumed to be potential victims of trafficking and domestic abuse. Media studies of mail order bride catalogues largely highlight symbolic violence based on representations of race, nationality, and gender. Ethnographic research among men and women who meet through correspondence or introduction agencies in very different global contexts, point to the value of understanding men and women's own complex motivations and experiences, and the importance of the sociocultural and historical contexts of marriage migrations. Since the 1980s there has been an increase in the number of men and women who seek to meet prospective marriage partners through the growing number of international introduction agencies. Keywords: correspondence marriage; cross-border marriages; international marriage brokers; matchmaking; trafficking
BINDER: an extrusion-based break-in detector for personal computers

Compromised computers have been a menace to both personal and business computing. In this paper, we tackle the problem of automated detection of break-ins of new unknown threats such as worms, spyware and adware on personal computers. We propose Break-IN DEtectoR (BINDER), a host-based break-in detection system. Our key observation is that many break-ins make extrusions, stealthy malicious outgoing network connections. BINDER exploits a unique characteristic of personal computers, that most network activities are directly or indirectly triggered by user input. Since threats tend to run as background precesses and thus do not receive any user input, the intuition behind BINDER is that only threats generate connections without user input. By correlating outgoing network connections and processing information with user activities, BINDER can capture extrusions and thus break-ins.
The Invention of English Criticism: 1650–1760

Introduction: the textualization of judgment 1. Criticism and the institutions of drama, 1645-75 2. Politics of Parnassus 3. Women among critics 4. Criticism and the poetry of Anne Finch 5. Disciplining the dunces: literary knowledge in The Dunciad Variorum 6. Boswell and Co.: conversation and criticism in the age of print Bibliography.
High cyclic transhydrogenase activity catalyzed by expressed and reconstituted nucleotide-binding domains of Rhodospirillum rubrum transhydrogenase.

Abstract The hydrophilic, extramembranous domains I (α1 subunit) and III of the Rhodospirillum rubrum nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified therefrom as soluble proteins. These domains bind NAD(H) and NADP(H), respectively, and together they form the enzyme's catalytic site. We have demonstrated recently that the isolated domains I and III of the bovine transhydrogenase (or domain I of R. rubrum plus domain III of the bovine enzyme) reconstitute to catalyze transhydrogenation in the absence of the membrane-intercalated domain II, which carries the enzyme's proton channel. Here we show that the expressed domains I and III of the R. rubrum transhydrogenase catalyze a very high NADP(H)-dependent cyclic transhydrogenation from NADH to AcPyAD (3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide) with a Vmax of 214 μmol AcPyAD reduced (min×mg of domain I)−1. The reaction mechanism is `ping-pong' with respect to NADH and AcPyAD, as these nucleotides bind interchangeably to domain I, and the stereospecificity of hydride ion transfer is from the 4A position of NADH to the 4A position of AcPyAD. The expressed domain I is dimeric, like the native α1 subunit of the enzyme, but the expressed domain III is monomeric and contains 0.94 mol NADP(H) per mol.
Inadequacies in the reporting of clinical drug research

Twenty-eight published papers dealing with the chlorpromazine treatment of chronic, hospitalized schizophrenics were scrutinized for completeness of reporting under the following catagories of data: extent of blindness; nature of the controls; dosage of chlorpromazine administration; duration of chlorpromazine treatment; duration of hospitalization and illness; severity of illness, and patient-types; definition of criteria of improvement; identity of evaluating personnel; standard laboratory procedures; patientinterview or patient-observation schedules; extent of concurrent therapies; and, consideration of side effects.
Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms: results of the phase II multicenter trial of the GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis.

Objective A decade after the first report of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTA) repair with endografts, a commercial device is yet to be approved in the United States. The GORE TAG endoprosthesis, an investigational nitinol-supported expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft with diameters of 26 to 40 mm, is the first DTA device to enter phase II trials in the United States and has been used worldwide for a host of thoracic pathologies. Methods A multicenter prospective nonrandomized phase II study of the GORE TAG endoprosthesis was conducted at 17 sites. Enrollment was from September 1999 to May 2001. Preoperative workup included arteriography and spiral computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Follow-up radiographs and computed tomography scans were obtained at 1, 6, and 12 months and yearly thereafter. Results A total of 139 (98%) of 142 patients had a successful implantation of the device. Inadequate arterial access was responsible for the 3 failures. The mean DTA size was 64.1 ± 15.4 mm. Men slightly outnumbered women (57.7%), with an average age of 71 years, and 88% of the patients were white. Ninety percent were American Society of Anesthesiologists category III or IV. One device was used in 44% of patients, and 56% required two or more devices to bridge the thoracic aorta. The left subclavian artery was covered in 28 patients, with planned carotid-subclavian transposition. The procedure time averaged 150 minutes, estimated blood loss averaged 506 mL, intensive care unit stay averaged 2.6 days, and hospital stay averaged 7.6 days. Within 30 days, 45 (32%) patients had at least 1 major adverse event: 5 (4%) experienced a stroke, 4 (3%) demonstrated temporary or permanent paraplegia, 20 (14%) experienced vascular trauma or thrombosis, and 2 (1.5%) died. Mean follow-up was 24.0 months. Four patients had aneurysm-related deaths. Three patients underwent endovascular revisions for endoleak. No ruptures have been reported. Twenty wire fractures have been identified in 19 patients; 18 (90%) of these occurred in the longitudinal spine, and only 1 patient required treatment. At 2 years, aneurysm-related and overall survival rates are 97% and 75%, respectively. Conclusions The GORE TAG thoracic endoprosthesis provides a safe alternative for the treatment of DTAs, with low mortality, relatively low morbidity, and excellent 2-year freedom from aneurysm-related death. Longitudinal spine fractures have so far been associated with rare clinical events.
A macaque adherent cell line that expresses human CD4 is susceptible to SIV: utility for assessing neutralizing antibody

A macaque CD4 + adherent cell line was generated by stable expression of the human CD4 gene in a rhesus macaque mammary tumor cell line, CMMT. The resulting cell line CMMT/CD4 expressed surface CD4 and was sensitive to infection by a wide range of isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of different subgroups, but was not susceptible to infection with HIV-1. The CMMT/CD4 cell line was used to develop a microassay for measurement of neutralizing antibody in plasma of SIV-infected or immunized animals. Single infected cells could be detected in a monolayer of CMMT/CD4 by immunoperoxidase and a 90% reduction in the number of positive cells was used as a measure of neutralizing activity of two-fold plasma dilutions. This assay had comparable sensitivity to methods based upon detecting a reduction in reverse transcriptase activity of SIV, reduction of viral antigen, or inhibition of cytopathic effect.
In vitro fertilization and development of bovine oocytes matured with commercially available follicle stimulating hormone

Abstract Immature bovine oocytes were cultured in a serum-free medium containing three sources of commercially available follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or NIADDK-oFSH + oLH or NIADDK-oFSH preparations. Media also contained 1 μg/m1 estradiol-17β. In-vitro matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro and co-cultured with bovine oviductal epithelial tissue for blastocyst development. Frequencies of fertilization and development to the blastocyst stage in vitro did not differ (P>0.05) with commercially available FSH preparations and FSH standard (NIADDK-oFSH-17) in the presence or absence of luteinizing hormone standard (NIADDK-oLH-25). The results demonstrate that commercially available FSH preparations could be used successfully for in-vitro bovine oocyte maturation with subsequent production of bovine embryos.
Renewable Energy Policy Alternatives for the Future

The United States has been subsidizing ethanol since 1978. In the last decade, a subsidy has been added for biodiesel. The ethanol subsidy has ranged from 40 to 60 cents per gallon over the entire time period (Tyner and Taheripour 2007). The ethanol subsidy is currently 51 cents per gallon, and the biodiesel subsidy is 50 cents for biodiesel made from recycled materials, such as cooking grease or tallow and $1 per gallon for biodiesel made from oilseed crops, such as soybeans. Over the years, the objectives for biofuel subsidies have included in-
The Post-Synaptic Density of Human Postmortem Brain Tissues: An Experimental Study Paradigm for Neuropsychiatric Illnesses

Recent molecular genetics studies have suggested various trans-synaptic processes for pathophysiologic mechanisms of neuropsychiatric illnesses. Examination of pre- and post-synaptic scaffolds in the brains of patients would greatly aid further investigation, yet such an approach in human postmortem tissue has yet to be tested. We have examined three methods using density gradient based purification of synaptosomes followed by detergent extraction (Method 1) and the pH based differential extraction of synaptic membranes (Methods 2 and 3). All three methods separated fractions from human postmortem brains that were highly enriched in typical PSD proteins, almost to the exclusion of pre-synaptic proteins. We examined these fractions using electron microscopy (EM) and verified the integrity of the synaptic membrane and PSD fractions derived from human postmortem brain tissues. We analyzed protein composition of the PSD fractions using two dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) and observed known PSD proteins by mass spectrometry. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot studies revealed that expected protein-protein interactions and certain posttranscriptional modulations were maintained in PSD fractions. Our results demonstrate that PSD fractions can be isolated from human postmortem brain tissues with a reasonable degree of integrity. This approach may foster novel postmortem brain research paradigms in which the stoichiometry and protein composition of specific microdomains are examined.
Polymerization of Propylene by a New Generation of Iron Catalysts: Mechanisms of Chain Initiation, Propagation, and Termination

A new series of iron catalysts bearing tridentate pyridine−bis(imine) ligands are reported for the isospecific polymerization of propylene (PP). The catalytic activities are moderate, with maximum activities exceeding 1600 kg PP/mol Fe h under 1 atm of propylene pressure at −20 °C . End-group analyses of the resultant materials are performed and indicate that the polymerization proceeds via a 2,1 mechanism of propagation leading to the exclusive formation of 1-propenyl end groups following β-H elimination/abstraction and chain transfer. The polymers are highly regioregular, but the regioregularity decreases with decreasing steric bulk of the tridentate ligands. Isotacticities are determined for a number of catalysts bearing ligands with variable ortho substituent patterns and symmetries. In all cases, isotactic material is obtained; the [m]4 methyl pentad content is always in the range of 55−67%. 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that the isotacticity arises from a chain-end control mechanism. T...
Supporting Children's Mental Health in Schools: Teacher Perceptions of Needs, Roles, and Barriers.

There is a significant research to practice gap in the area of mental health practices and interventions in schools. Understanding the teacher perspective can provide important information about contextual influences that can be used to bridge the research to practice gap in school-based mental health practices. The purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perceptions of current mental health needs in their schools; their knowledge, skills, training experiences and training needs; their roles for supporting children’s mental health; and barriers to supporting mental health needs in their school settings. Participants included 292 teachers from 5 school districts. Teachers reported viewing school psychologists as having a primary role in most aspects of mental health service delivery in the school including conducting screening and behavioral assessments, monitoring student progress, and referring children to school-based or community services. Teachers perceived themselves as having primary responsibility for implementing classroom-based behavioral interventions but believed school psychologists had a greater role in teaching social emotional lessons. Teachers also reported a global lack of experience and training for supporting children’s mental health needs. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Objections to Social Trinitarianism

This article reviews a number of objections to Social Trinitarianism that have been presented in the recent literature, especially objections alleging that Social Trinitarianism is not truly monotheistic. A number of the objections are found to be successful so far as they go, but they apply only to some versions of Social Trinitarianism and not to all. Objections to Social Trinitarianism as such, on the other hand, are not successful. The article concludes with a proposal for a Social Trinitarian conception of the unity of God.
Analysis of Multi-Product Kanban Systems with State-Dependent Setups and Lost Sales

We propose a decomposition-based approximation method that generates fairly accurate estimates for steady-state performance measures of a kanban-controlled production system. The manufacturing facility of this system can process items of several different products. Setup and processing times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. Customers arrive according to mutually independent Poisson processes. A customer whose demand cannot be met from stock leaves the system and satisfies his demand elsewhere (lost sales). The manufacturing facility processes items of a product until a target inventory level given by the number of kanbans has been reached. Then the manufacturing facility is set up for the next product according to a fixed setup sequence if the next product's inventory level is below target. Otherwise, this product is skipped (cyclic-exhaustive processing with state-dependent setups). The manufacturing facility idles when the inventory levels of all products are at their target levels.
Low-dose Cyclosporine Therapy of Granulomatous Optic Neuropathy and Orbitopathy

Four patients with granulomatous disease of the anterior visual pathway presented with optic neuropathy between July 1986 and February 1987, secondary to an orbital pseudotumor (n = 1) and sarcoidosis (n = 3). All but one became resistant to corticosteroid therapy, and all were subsequently treated for 1 to 2 years with low-dose cyclosporine alone or in combination with tapering doses of prednisone. Two patients experienced pronounced recovery of visual function, and visual function was stabilized in the other two; in one of these, magnetic resonance imaging showed substantial regression of intracranial lesions. Steroid-induced complications of uncontrolled hyperglycemia (n = 2) and obesity (n = 4) were controlled with cyclosporine. The authors conclude that low-dose cyclosporine is a safe and effective therapeutic alternative in ocular granulomatous diseases.
An estimate of protein turnover in growing tobacco plants

Abstract dl -Glutamic acid-1- 14 C was injected into growing tobacco plants and the rate of 14 CO 2 release was measured. After a period in light to allow isotope to become incorporated into protein, plants were placed in the dark to eliminate by respiration radioactivity from readily accessible pools and metabolically labile proteins. Plants were then placed in the light and growth allowed to resume. There was only negligible incorporation into polysaccharide fractions. The protein fraction contained 71%, of the labelled carbon, and soluble amino acids and other metabolic intermediates accounted for 22%, of the total activity of the plant. From the rate of 14 CO 2 release an apparent half-life of 7·0 days was calculated for the protein fraction. This calculation assumes that both the protein fraction and the intermediates contribute isotope to the 14 CO 2 , but that the intermediate pool is continuously replenished from the protein. It is also assumed that a steady state of growth is re-established on the third day of illumination.
Plant antioxidant gene responses to fungal pathogens

Antioxidant defense systems are a prominent element in plant responses to environmental stress. Activated oxygen species have themselves been implicated as both a part of the plant's defense against pathogen attack as well as the phytotoxic component of photosensitizing fungal toxins. Molecular analyses are just beginning to define how plant oxidant and antioxidant genes might integrate with other defense responses to provide effective protection against pathogen attack.
Crystallization of poly‐(ethylene coacrylic acids) and poly(ethylene comethacrylic acids) and their salts

A study of the crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene coacrylic acids) and poly-(ethylene comethacrylic acids) and their lithium, sodium, calcium, and cesium salts has been made utilizing the techniques of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. The acid substituent content ranged from 2.1 to 6.3 mol %. The results indicate that the acid substituents do not incorporate into the polyethylene crystal lattice and that these substituents have large effects on the kinetics of crystallization, especially in the case of the salts. The results are interpreted on the basis of a three-phase model consisting of a polyethylene crystal phase, a mixed amorphous phase, and a micro-phase-separated ionic cluster phase.
Anomalous emissivities of nickel and iron near their Curie temperatures

By use of a transient calorimetric technique, the total hemispherical emissivities ∊H of pure nickel and iron have been measured at various temperatures in the range of 400 to 1100 K. Maxima are observed in the ∊H vs temperature curves of these elements at their respective Curie temperatures. These are explained on the basis of the classical theory of electromagnetic-wave propagation in conductors.
Is there an increased cancer risk associated with the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and should it affect current prescribing

This publication has raised severalthought-provoking questions.ARBs are generally regarded as a safe class ofantihypertensive drug, with precautions reservedfor pregnant women and patients with renalartery stenosis and severe chronic kidney disease.Preclinical carcinogenicity studies using ARBs inrats and mice have been negative. ARBs result inantagonism of the angiotensin (Ang) II type 1receptor with unopposed stimulation of the Angtype 2 receptor. Experimental studies have shownthat Ang II type 1 and 2 receptors have beenimplicated in the regulation of cellular prolifera-tion, angiogenesis, and tumor progression
On the Quantum and Tempo of Fertility: Limits to the Bongaarts‐Feeney Adjustment

In the article by Bongaarts and Feeney a new method for adjusting the period total fertility rate (TFR) to eliminate the effects of the timing of fertility behavior is proposed. Bongaarts and Feeney claimed that their tempo-adjusted TFR provides a better indication of the level of completed fertility implied by current fertility behavior and hence a better answer to the question of how many births women will have in the possibility of continued childbearing behavior. This paper argues with this claim and shows that the mathematical bases of the adjusted TFR hold only under very restrictive conditions. In addition with those restrictions even slightly relaxed the adjusted TFR is quite volatile in the presence of modest fertility fluctuations. Overall it was found that the Bongaarts-Feeney measure performs as claimed only under the assumption of a constant linear shift affecting every cohort of reproductive age. However the measure performs poorly in other cases. Thus the adjusted TFR measure which is based on behavior in a single year does not incorporate enough information to disentangle effect of fertility timing and level without imposing stringent and unrealistic restrictions.
Psychopathy, Depression, and Anxiety as Predictors of Suicidal Ideation in Offenders

Compared to nonoffenders, offenders are at increased risk for suicidal ideation and psychopathy. However, literature currently lacks sufficient understanding of moderating pathways linking psychopathy to suicidal ideation among offenders. This study investigated anxiety and depressive symptoms as potential moderators using a sample of 162 male offenders in the New Jersey correctional system. Results supported a significant positive correlation between secondary psychopathy and suicidal ideation. In addition, depression and physiological anxiety moderated the association between secondary psychopathy and suicidal ideation. Present findings may assist in determining relevant suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, physiological anxiety, secondary psychopathy) to assess for in offenders.
Conjugate gradient analysis: A new tool for studying satellite magnetic data sets

Conjugate gradient and sparse matrix techniques are utilized in the solution of a geomagnetic inverse problem. Global crustal data sets collected from low-earth orbit are quickly inverted (using a design matrix approach) or continued to a common altitude (using a normal matrix approach) even when using parameterizations of 10,000 or more dipoles. The sparsity results from the rapid decay of the magnetic field with distance from the dipole. Iterative techniques such as the conjugate gradient save computer time and space when compared to more direct approaches using the Householder transformation, thus allowing problems that were intractable to all but the largest supercomputers to be performed on workstations of only moderate power.
17O NMR and Computational Study of a Tetrasiliconiobate Ion, [H2+xSi4Nb16O56](14−x)−

Rates of oxygen-isotope exchange were measured in the tetrasiliconiobate ion [H2+xSi4Nb16O56]((14-x)-) to better understand how large oxide ions interact with water. The molecule has 19 nonequivale ...
Modified cysteine-deleted tachyplesin (CDT) analogs as linear antimicrobial peptides: Influence of chain length, positive charge, and hydrophobicity on antimicrobial and hemolytic activity

Due to increasing resistance of bacteria to traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides are being investigated as a promising alternative. Tachyplesin, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from horseshoe crab, inhibits the growth of many different types of bacteria with its ability to permeabilize the cell membrane. Starting with a previously reported linear tachyplesin analog lacking cysteine (cysteine-deleted tachyplesin, CDT, KWFRVYRGIYRRR-CONH2), this study examines the systematic deletion of the C-terminal arginines and the N-terminal lysine, addition of positively charged N-and C-terminal residues, replacement of arginine with similarly-charged lysine, and replacement of hydrophobic residues with aliphatic, aromatic, fluoro-substituted aromatic, and bicyclic amino acids to examine effects on activity. The 16 modified CDT analogs were tested for their ability to disrupt model liposomes, and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Hemolytic activity also was assessed. Overall, results indicate that elimination of two C-terminal arginine residues results in a peptide ([des-Arg12,13]CDT) with preserved antimicrobial activity but a reduction in hemolysis, a selectivity desirable for a therapeutic agent. Additional deletion was not tolerated, nor was addition of residues at the termini. Analysis of the 16 analogs also reveals the importance of hydrophobicity, not necessarily aromaticity, as an analog with hydrophobic isoleucine residues placed throughout the sequence ([Ile2,3,6,10]CDT) displayed comparable antimicrobial activity to CDT with lower hemolysis, representing a promising antimicrobial peptide with lowered toxicity.
Condom Negotiation Strategies as a Mediator of the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Condom Use

College students are a group at high risk of sexually transmitted infections due to inconsistent condom use and engaging in other risky sexual behaviors. This study examined whether condom use self-efficacy predicted the use of condom negotiation strategies (i.e., condom influence strategies) and whether condom influence strategies mediated the relationship between condom use self-efficacy and condom use within this population, as well as whether gender moderated the mediation model. Results showed a strong relationship between condom use self-efficacy and condom influence strategies. Additionally, condom influence strategies completely mediated the relationship between condom use self-efficacy and condom use. Although condom use self-efficacy was related to condom use, the ability to use condom negotiation strategies was the most important factor predicting condom use. The mediation model held across genders, except for the condom influence strategy withholding sex, where it was not significant for men. For women, condom use self-efficacy promoted the use of a very assertive negotiation strategy, withholding sex, and was consequently related to increased condom use. Overall, using assertive condom negotiation strategies (e.g., withholding sex and direct request) were found to be the most important aspects of increasing condom use for both women and men. Implications and suggestions for prevention programming are discussed.
Distributing vertices on Hamiltonian cycles

Let G be a graph of order n and 3≤t≤n/4 be an integer. Recently, Kaneko and Yoshimoto [J Combin Theory Ser B 81(1) (2001), 100–109] provided a sharp δ(G) condition such that for any set X of t vertices, G contains a hamiltonian cycle H so that the distance along H between any two vertices of X is at least n/2t. In this article, minimum degree and connectivity conditions are determined such that for any graph G of sufficiently large order n and for any set of t vertices X⊆V(G), there is a hamiltonian cycle H so that the distance along H between any two consecutive vertices of X is approximately n/t. Furthermore, the minimum degree threshold is determined for the existence of a hamiltonian cycle H such that the vertices of X appear in a prescribed order at approximately predetermined distances along H. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 69: 28–45, 2012
Kabbalah, Philosophy, and the Jewish-Christian Debate: Reconsidering the Early Works of Joseph Gikatilla

Joseph Gikatilla's early works, composed during the 1270s, have been understood by many scholars as a fusion of Kabbalah and philosophy—an approach that he abandoned in his later compositions. This paper argues that Gikatilla's early works are in fact consistent with his later works, and that the differences between the two can be explained by the polemical engagement during his early period with Jewish philosophy and Christian missionizing. By subtly drawing Jewish students of philosophy away from Aristotelian speculation and towards Kabbalah, Gikatilla sought in his early works to lay the foundation for an understanding of Judaism based on kabbalistic mytho-poesis and ecstatic mystical experience.
Spontaneous forward mutation versus reversion frequencies for maize Adh1 in pollen

RELIABLE quantitative data on spontaneous, specific gene mutation frequencies in higher plants and animals are few. Detergents include low natural frequencies and difficulty in obtaining in excess of 106 scorable organisms or gametophytes. The alcohol dehydrogenase-1 gene (Adh1 gene; ADH enzyme EC 1.1.1.1.), as expressed in pollen grains, is among the exceptionably suitable; much is known about the maize ADHs1–3, Adh1 function is totally dispensible in an aerobic environment and maize pollen is a trinucleate gametophyte which expresses much of its haploid genome, including Adh14,5. In particular, there have been two recent methodological advances. First, I am able to cytochemically stain pollen, before5 or after in vitro germination, for the presence of above 5% normal ADH activity. And second, ADH1− pollen grains survive allyl alcohol (C=C–C–OH) vapour concentrations which kill ADH1+ grains6,7; this selection scheme was developed for yeast by Megnet8. My genetic resolution is approximately one mutant (Adh1+→ADH−) per 107 chemically selected, viable gametophytes, and one (phenotypic) revertant (Adh1−→ADH+) per 108 unselected gatetophytes. In this note, I compare spontaneous forward mutant frequency with previously published5 revertant frequencies for one naturally occurring and six ethyl methanesulphonate-induced Adhl-deficient (Adh1−) alleles.
Effect of resistance training on biomarkers of vascular function and oxidative stress in young African-American and Caucasian men

Effect of resistance training on biomarkers of vascular function and oxidative stress in young African-American and Caucasian men
Sinusoidal signal generation for production testing and BIST applications

A novel technique to generate spectrally pure sinusoidal signals is proposed. The technique provides a dramatic improvement in spectral performance compared to the existing state of the art. With the proposed approach, spectral performance is inherently robust to variation in operating frequency and spectral characterization is programmable over frequencies. A circuit using extremely low cost operational amplifiers and 5 % accurate passive components has been built that can generate a sine wave with THD of lesser than −100dB at frequency, f=2.737 KHz .
Transmission electron microscopy of intracellular sporozoites of Eimeria vermiformis (Apicomplexa, Eucoccidiida) in the mouse.

Sporozoites of Eimeria vermiformis from the mouse were first seen in the epithelial cells of villus tips and the crypts of Lieberkuhn four hours after inoculation (HAI). They were always within a parasitophorous vacuole. By 12 HAI, most were in crypt epithelial cells between the basement membrane and host cell nucleus. The sporozoites in the villus tips had 26 subpellicular microtubules, two polar rings, two preconoidal rings, two refractile bodies surrounded by amylopectin-like granules, a lamellar Golgi apparatus, numerous micronemes, and rhoptries. The sporozoites in the crypt cells had fewer amylopectin-like granules, micronemes, and rhoptries. A nucleolus was visible, as were pieces broken off from the posterior refractile body. Later, the sporozoites folded over to become U-shaped; the infolded membranes fused; and then the inner membranes disappeared so that spherical meronts were formed. Folding sporozoites were first seen 16 HAI and persisted until 52 HAI.
Resisting History: Historicism and Its Discontents in German-Jewish Thought

By David N. Myers (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), xi + 253 pp. $16.95 paper. At first glance, David N. Myers’s book may seem destined to be read only by scholars of the rather na...
Targeted search and the long tail effect

We develop a search model to explain the long tail effect. Search targetability, or the quality of search, is explicitly modelled. Consumers are searching for the right products within the right categories. As search costs decrease, or search targetability increases, additional variety of goods catering to long tail consumers will be provided, and the concentration of sales across different categories of goods decreases. The effects of a decrease in search costs or an increase in search targetability on consumer utility, prices, and profits depend on whether the type coverage increases. Decreases in search costs and increases in search targetability have different qualitative effects.
Soviet responses to Western nonrecognition of Baltic annexation

(1987). Soviet responses to Western nonrecognition of Baltic annexation. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 329-348.
Parenteral Nutrition Independence in a Patient Left with 25 cm of Ileum and Jejunum: A Case Report

A 44-year-old woman with a history of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) suffered small bowel volvulus. She was left post-operatively with an intact duodenum, 25 cm of jejunum and ileum, and a colon in continuity, a situation synonymous to short bowel syndrome. This report describes her surgical, medical and nutritional follow-up until complete weaning of parenteral nutrition despite of her very short remnant small bowel and persistently low citrullinemia. The discussion aims at demonstrating the rarity of these complications after RYGBP according to the literature. Furthermore, it challenges the validity of the present markers of parenteral nutrition independence (remnant small bowel length, citrullinemia) in case of short bowel syndrome.
A modification of the transverse loop colostomy

A technique for constructing a permanent transverse loop colostomy that permits distal decompression without risk of distal limb prolapse is described.
Internal persistency of excitation in indirect adaptive control

Transient signals between parameter updating can be used to generate internal persistency of excitation (PE) conditions in adaptive control problems. In particular, this fact can be advantageous in indirect adaptive control in order to prevent the estimated plant from converging to nonstabilizable models.
Rational Controllers in Computer/Communication Networks

Abstract Traditional feedback controllers are used to ensure system operation in a desired regime. In contrast, rational controllers are intended to determine a regime most appropriate for the system, given varying conditions of its operation. In this paper, two types of rational controllers are described and their applications in wireless personal area networks and sensor networks are presented.
The deaquation and anation reactions of some anionoaquobis-(ethylenediamine)cobalt (III) complexes

The thermal deaquation and anation reactions of severai cisand trculs[Co(en)z(H10)z]X3-nH,0, (X = Cl-, Br-, and NO,-) complexes have previously been investigated by Chang and Wendlandt’. It was found that the chIoride complexes generally deaquated to give the c&[Co(en),C1,]CI complexes while the bromide complexes either gave the c&product or a mixture of cisand tramcomplexes. We wish to report here additional thermai deaquation studies of the cti-[Co(en),XY]Y Hz0 and cis-[Co(en),(H,O)X]Y. -H,O complexes, where X is Clor Brand Y is Bror N03-.
Load Carrying and Corrective Responses to Slip Events

Slips/falls are the cause of numerous injuries in the workplace. Successful recovery from a slip requires biomechanical responses. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of load carrying on corrective responses to slipping perturbations. Ten healthy young adults walked self-paced while body motion and ground reaction forces were collected at 350 Hz. The two conditions were no external load and carrying a 6.8 kg crate. Oil was applied to the floor at some point during multiple trials without the subject's knowledge. During slip events, load carrying affected corrective moments generated at the knee and hip of the leading lower extremity. More specifically, reductions in the flexion moment at the knee and extension moment at the hip were found for loaded conditions. Furthermore, joint kinematics showed that carrying a load reduced knee flexion reactions generated in response to a slipping perturbation under unloaded conditions. Thus, this study suggests that the biomechanical responses were di...
The biosynthesis of aristeromycin. Conversion of neplanocin A to aristeromycin by a novel enzymatic reduction

Partially purified cell-free extracts of the aristeromycin producer Streptomyces citricolor have been shown to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of neplanocin A to aristeromycin. Stereochemical studies revealed that the reduction proceeds with anti geometry and involves transfer of the 4 pro-R hydrogen atom of NADPH to the 6′β position of aristeromycin.
Lip EMG Activity During Vowel Production in Apraxia of Speech: Phrase Context and Word Length Effects

This investigation examined the timing relationships of EMG activity underlying vowel production in 2 normal individuals and in 2 individuals with marked-tosevere apraxia of speech of approximately...
Toward a mini-theory of the blamer softening event: tracking the moment-by-moment process.

In this article we present the results of a discovery-oriented task analysis research study identifying specific therapist behaviors that facilitate softening events in emotionally focused therapy (EFT) for couples. Therapy sessions conducted by an expert EFT therapist were examined. Six therapist content theme shifts were identified and specific interventions were delineated within each using an EFT coding scheme (EFT-CS) created for this study. This study extends the theoretical understanding of the softening process—a key change event in an empirically validated couples therapy approach—and provides a detailed clinical map for the training of therapists. Contemporary couple scholars are recognizing the powerful impact that emotion has on intimate relationships. Clinicians and researchers demonstrate an increasing interest in harnessing the power of affect to promote lasting change across a diverse range of couple therapy approaches. Gottman, Coan, Carrere, and Swanson (1998) illustrate this emphasis by challenging the heuristic application of “active listening” interventions with couples, recommending instead a focus on assisting partners with developing new patterns of emotional engagement and responsiveness in varying contexts. Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) for couples (Greenberg & Johnson, 1988; Johnson, 1996) promotes the experience of unacknowledged attachment-related primary emotion that fosters the development of secure bonds. Integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT; Jacobson & Christensen, 1996) emphasizes the expression of “soft” emotions and disclosures to promote emotional acceptance between partners. Imago therapy (Hendrix, 1988) encourages couples to develop a mutual understanding of their relationship that incorporates insight into childhood wounds leading to softer exchanges and positions in the interaction. Egoanalytic therapy (Wile, 1995) promotes the engagement of feelings by couples as a basis for connection, rather than distance. Although the expression of soft emotions is now recognized within each of these approaches, the meaning, importance, and intervention strategies for working with emotions varies greatly across models. Two clinical approaches specifically identify the softening of partners in the couple’s emotional expression and engagement with one another. In IBCT, the therapist prompts partners to share softened
Effect of Heart Failure Program on Cardiovascular Drug Utilization and Dosage in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Background: Utilization and dosage of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) remain low. Recent data suggest that care of patients with CHF in specialized heart failure programs is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Hypothesis: Specialized heart failure care is associated with better utilization and higher dose of cardiovascular drugs. Methods: Data from 133 patients with CHF referred to a heart failure program were analyzed. Mean functional class 3.1 ± 0.5, left ventricular ejection fraction 19 ± 8. Utilization and doses of cardiovascular drugs were examined at initial evaluation and at last visit, after an average period of 17 ± 14 months. Hospitalization and survival data were determined. Results: Utilization of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers increased from 87 to 100% (p< 0.001). Average daily dose increased by 60%, from the equivalent of captopril 105 ± 78 mg to 167 ± 86 mg (p < 0.001). Utilization of the following drugs increased significantly: beta blockers (16–37%, p< 0.001), metolazone (10–23%, p = 0.007), spironolactone (l-36%, p<0.001), amiodarone (7–15%, p=0.05), hydralazine (1–9%, p = 0.004), and nitrates (20–33%, p = 0.03). One-year survival was 90%. The 3- and 6-month hospitalization rates for heart failure were 4 and 7%, and for all cardiovascular causes they were 6 and 11%, respectively. Conclusions: Care of patients with CHF in a specialized heart failure program was associated with significant increase in the utilization and doses of all beneficial cardiovascular drugs, especially ACE inhibitors. It was also associated with excellent clinical outcomes.