cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MACS: music audio characteristic sequence indexing for similarity retrieval

We present a prototype method of indexing raw-audio music files in a way that facilitates content-based similarity retrieval. The algorithm tries to capture the intuitive notion of similarity perceived by humans: two pieces are similar if they are fully or partially based on the same score, even if they are performed by different people or at different speed. Local peaks in signal power are identified in each audio file, and a spectral vector is extracted near each peak. Nearby peaks are selectively grouped together to form "characteristic sequences" which are used as the basis for indexing. A hashing scheme known as "locality-sensitive hashing" is employed to index the high-dimensional vectors. Retrieval results are ranked based on the number of final matches filtered by some linearity criteria.
M.S. Yalin's contribution to bedload transport in rivers: 46 years of hindsight

The enduring legacy of the Yalin equation of bedload transport is evaluated. The derivation of the equation includes three innovative aspects: (i) a rigorous use of dimensional analysis to simplify the formulation; (ii) a consideration of the randomness of grain placement rather than turbulence, resulting in a definable threshold of motion; and (iii) the introduction of a physically based, dynamic model of grain saltation into a bedload transport theory. The original relation remains useful today. In addition, the treatment of saltation has inspired an innovative line of research that continues to evolve today.
Prevalence and control of stroke risk factors in a South Florida population.

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the prevalence and control of stroke risk factors in our South Florida service population. Methods: We obtained data from the 2006–2010 Cleveland Clinic Florida annual “stroke prevention screening” questionnaires. Participants responded to questions regarding demographic information and stroke risk factors including pertinent comorbidity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Onsite weight, height, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels were obtained. Our hospital's Director of Research did not identify any issues requiring formal institutional review board evaluation. Those with three or more modifiable risk factors breaching recommended targets met criteria for “poorly controlled.” Results: There were 298 participants, average age: 62.5 years, 65% were females. 36.9% had hypercholesterolemia, 32.9% hypertension, 14.4% diabetes mellitus, 8% transient ischemic attack/stroke, 7% coronary artery disease, 5.7% atrial fibrillation, and 2.7% carotid artery disease. 81.8% had a BMI of 2...
Multidimensional spherical coordinates quantization

Several investigators have considered polar coordinates quantization of a circularly symmetric source; in particular, the independent bivariate Gaussian source. Their schemes quantize the polar coordinates independently in an attempt to reduce the mean-square error below that of an analogous rectangular coordinates quantizer yet retain an implementation simpler than that of the optimal bivariate quantizer. The design of a spherical coordinates quantizer in k dimensions with k>2(k=2 matches published results) is considered. Examples are presented along with comparisons to the rectangular (one-dimensional) and optimal schemes.
Integrative Health Coaching for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes A Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of integrative health (IH) coaching on psychosocial factors, behavior change, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Fifty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to either 6 months of IH coaching or usual care (control group). Coaching was conducted by telephone for fourteen 30-minute sessions. Patients were guided in creating an individualized vision of health, and goals were self-chosen to align with personal values. The coaching agenda, discussion topics, and goals were those of the patient, not the provider. Preintervention and postintervention assessments measured medication adherence, exercise frequency, patient engagement, psychosocial variables, and A1C. Results Perceived barriers to medication adherence decreased, while patient activation, perceived social support, and benefit finding all increased in the IH coaching group compared with those in the control group. Improvements in the coaching group alone were also observed for self-reported adherence, exercise frequency, stress, and perceived health status. Coaching participants with elevated baseline A1C (>/=7%) significantly reduced their A1C. Conclusions A coaching intervention focused on patients' values and sense of purpose may provide added benefit to traditional diabetes education programs. Fundamentals of IH coaching may be applied by diabetes educators to improve patient self-efficacy, accountability, and clinical outcomes.
Effect of exogenous thymidine on sister-chromatid exchange frequency in Chinese hamster ovary cells with bromodeoxyuridine- and chlorodeoxyuridine-substituted chromosomes

Abstract There are conflicting reports on the effect of exogenous thymidine (dThd) on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Thymidine has been reported either to increase or to have no effect on SCE frequency under similar experimental conditions. To resolve this controversy, we have carried out a series of experiments to examine the effect of dThd on CHO cells with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). In addition, we have examined the effect of dThd on CHO cells cultured with 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (CldUrd), a much more potent inducer of SCEs than BrdUrd. The addition of 100 μM dThd to the culture medium caused a consistent decrease in the yield of SCEs in cells grown in BrdUrd for two cell cycles. The decrease was even greater when cells were grown in dThd and CldUrd. Analysis of twin and single SCEs indicated that dThd must be present during the first cell cycle to reduce the frequency of SCEs. Because excess dThd is thought to have an effect when DNA replicates on a template substituted with a halogenated nucleoside, dThd at concentrations from 100 μM to 9 mM was added to cultures for the second cell cycle after a first cell cycle in BrdUrd. In this experiment, the presence of dThd increased SCE frequency in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that if dThd competes with halogenated nucleosides and thus decreases their incorporation into DNA, SCEs are suppressed in the subsequent cell cycle, whereas if excess dThd creates a dNTP pool imbalance, SCEs can be increased.
Behavioral Slowing with Age: Boundary Conditions of the Generalized Slowing Model

One hundred and twenty-two adults ranging in age from 20 to 83 years participated in this study of visual discrimination and recognition. The simultaneous-matching-to-sample (discrimination) and delayed-matching-to-sample (recognition) paradigms used identical stimuli for spatial frequency, luminance, spatial localization, orientation, pattern, trajectory, and velocity matching. Linear regression analyses indicated that increased age slowed reaction time on the simultaneous-matching tasks. This relationship was not found, however, when subjects were required to match the stimuli after a delay. When older adults' reaction times were regressed on those of adults in their 20s, very different patterns of age-related slowing emerged from the data as a function of task requirements. The results from the simultaneous-matching paradigm replicate previous reports of general slowing on nonlexical tasks, but this was not true for the results from the delayed-matching paradigm, which used similar stimuli but also involved short-term memory.
Multiple Method 2-D Trajectory Optimization Satisfying Waypoints and No-Fly Zone Constraints

Minimum time to target is one of the primary goals of a global strike mission. The Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle and the Common Aero Vehicle are currently being investigated for mission effectiveness. Additional mission requirements include passage through intermediate waypoints and avoidance of no-fly zones. Thus, a real-time or near real-time autonomous trajectory generation technique is desired to minimize the flight time, satisfy terminal and multiple intermediate state constraints, and remain within specified control limitations. The research herein presents a baseline technique, an analytical geometric trajectory optimization technique, and a dynamic optimization technique. Numerical examples for constant speed trajectories as well as decelerating flight are used to demonstrate and compare the presented techniques. These results show the significant time savings achievable through optimization, the accuracy and computation efficiency of the geometric solution, and the robustness and application of the dynamic optimization technique.
Individual Differences in Emotional Experience: Mapping Available Scales to Processes

Increasing interest in individual differences related to emotion is evident in the recent appearance of a large number of self-report instruments designed to assess aspects of the feeling experience. In this article, the authors review a sample of 18 of these scales and report technical information on each (e.g., length, format, reliability, construct validity, and correlates). They propose that this domain of individual differences can be usefully structured into five conceptual categories, including measures of absorption, attention, clarity, intensity, and expression. The measures were administered to a sample of individuals, and the coherence of the proposed categories was examined through hierarchical cluster analyses. The results confirmed the proposed structure of this domain of individual difference measures. The authors argue for the usefulness of an individual differences approach to theory testing and specify some of the information-processing roles that might be played by the categories of ind...
Scientific uses of the MANIAC

This is the story of how Nick Metropolis came to build the MANIAC and about the scientific uses to which it was put in the early days of electronic computing. Among the illustrious scientists attracted to the MANIAC were Fermi, Teller, von Neumann, Bethe, Gamow, and Ulam. Many of the scientific contributions were “firsts” that had a profound influence on subsequent developments over a wide spectrum of scientific activities. These included the pion-proton phase shift analysis, the nonlinear coupled oscillators, the study of the genetic code, importance sampling, two-dimensional hydrodynamics, Monte Carlo calculation of nuclear cascades, universalities of iterative functions and “anticlerical” chess.
THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF THE TWOLINED CHESTNUT BORER, AGRILUS BILINEATUS (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE), ON OAKS, QUERCUS SPP., IN WISCONSIN

Agrilus bilineatus (Weber) is univoltine in Wisconsin. Adults were present from early June through mid-September; however, peak flight and oviposition occurred during the second half of June. Adults consumed significantly more oak foliage than foliage of hardwoods other than oak. Stressed oaks attracted significantly more adults than did uninjured controls, as measured by density of captured adults on sticky traps. Four larval instars were determined; instar IV was the overwintering stage. Fourth instar larvae generally overwintered in pupal cells in the outer bark or in sapwood if the bark was thin. Larvae, especially third and fourth instars, damaged oaks by girdling the conducting xylem and phloem. Attacked oaks had low root starch content relative to those unattacked. Tree death normally resulted after 2 or 3 years of borer infestation, yet tree death may occur in a single season. Initial attack usually began in the live crown and proceeded downward in succeeding years with no apparent reinfestation of previously killed areas. Mean adult longevity in days for adults fed red oak foliage was 28.1 at 20°, 37.8 at 24°, and 8.3 at 30 °C. Mean duration of the pupal stage in days was 11.7 at 24 °and 8.5 at 30 °C.
Unsteady transonic flows in two-dimensional channels

A two-dimensional, unsteady, transonic, irrotational, inviscid flow of a perfect gas with constant specific heats is considered. The analysis involves perturbations from a uniform sonic isentropic flow. The governing perturbation potential equations are derived for various orders of the ratio of the characteristic time associated with a temporal flow disturbance to the time taken by a sonic disturbance to traverse the transonicregime. The case where this ratio is large compared to one is studied in detail. A similarity solution involving an arbitrary function of time is found and it is shown that this solution corresponds to unsteady chimel flows with either stationary or time-varying wall shapes. Numerical computations are presented showing the temporal changes in flow structure as a disturbance dies out exponentially for the following typical nozzle flows: simple accelerating (Meyer) flow and flow with supersonic pockets (Taylor and limiting Taylor flow).
FORUM: Similarity between the processes of sediment transport and human life cycle

This forum muses on how we cannot live without interacting with the soils and the land, and how sediment processes and transport may be likened to the human experience.
High-speed properties of a phase-modulation scheme based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Recently a cross-phase modulation scheme that yields giant Kerr nonlinearities by use of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was proposed [ Schmidt Imamo?lu , Opt. Lett.21, 1936 (1996)]. We analyze the high-speed properties of this scheme for short-pulse propagation. We discuss the relevant losses in this system and show that for short pulses one-photon losses are dominant. We demonstrate that over the entire bandwidth the attainable phase shift in an EIT scheme with a quasi-cw coupling field is orders of magnitude higher than in a conventional three-level scheme or in EIT schemes, in which matched pulses are used to create the transparency.
Sudden Stops and Output Drops: Can Theory Link the Two?

Empirical literature overwhelmingly suggest that sudden stops lead to output drops. Can general equilibrium theory predict this link or is it theoretically impossible for sudden stops to generate output drops by themselves as other studies suggest? In this paper we contend that the answer depends on the response of labor to a sudden stop which in turn depends on the type of preference specification used. To this end, we use a small open economy model where agents face a constraint on foreign borrowing and a sudden stop occurs due to an abrupt tightening of the borrowing constraint. We find that under Cobb-Douglas preferences, the dominant wealth e¤ect of a sudden stop leads to labor increases which in turn generates an output increase as opposed to a drop! In contrast, under GHH preferences that by construction eliminate the wealth effect, a sudden stop leads to declines in future capital and labor supply leading to drops in output. We find empirical support of our conclusion in data from a sample of emerging economies where labor declined significantly in the aftermath of a sudden stop.
Pharmacotherapy Considerations in the Management of Transgender Patients: A Brief Review

Transgender and transsexual individuals have unique health care needs and risks compared with the population at large. It is estimated that 1 in 100,000 individuals in the United States is a transgender woman and 1 in 400,000 is a transgender man, although these estimates of prevalence are likely conservative. Transgender individuals are at an increased risk of tobacco, alcohol, and substance abuse; they have an increased lifetime suicide attempt risk; and they are more likely to experience significant stressors in their lives. Transgender patients may elect to transition their appearance to the gender with which they identify. Hormone treatment (and possibly sex reassignment surgery) is a significant part of this transition, and pharmacists must understand the pharmacotherapeutic principles involved so they can better recommend therapeutic agents, provide dosing recommendations, and anticipate and manage adverse effects. It is critical to be culturally sensitive when providing care for transgender patients including using their preferred gender identity, preferred names, and preferred pronouns. It is also essential to be able to identify transgender and transsexual patients correctly within electronic health records to ensure that appropriate care and monitoring are provided. For pharmacists, this means they should know the biologic sex for performing calculations such as creatinine clearance and to prevent teratogenic agents from reaching a transgender or transsexual man who could be pregnant or is capable of becoming pregnant. Promoting knowledge of transgender health issues will enable pharmacists to provide better, more holistic care to their transgender patients.
Emerging Infectious Diseases

Emerging infectious diseases , Emerging infectious diseases , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Survival and Population Density of Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Woodlot in Central Ohio, USA

Laboratory-reared Aedes triseriatus females were marked and released into a 13.6-ha woodlot in central Ohio, USA. Two cohorts were released in 1979 at 1 central site, and 3 were released in 1980 at 14 sites uniformly spaced throughout the woodlot. Captures of marked and wild females from daily biting collections were used to estimate daily survival, distribution within the woodlot, dispersal to a nearby satellite woodlot, and population density of wild females. Recapture rates averaged 41% in 1979 and 12% in 1980. Survival rates of marked females from all cohorts corresponded closely, ranging from 0.93 to 0.97 per day. Neither marked nor wild females were uniformly abundant at collection sites, but rather they favored certain sites. Dispersal to the satellite woodlot was low. Estimates of the wild female population ranged from 23 to 205/ha. Results suggest that Ae. triseriatus has a high survival rate, a low population density, and a low dispersal rate when compared with most other mosquito species.
The metabolic consequences of experimental intraventricular hemorrhage

Experimental intraventricular hemorrhage was produced by injection of autologous fresh blood (0.25 ml/kg) or artificial CSF into the right lateral ventricle of 24 dogs. A transient ventricular fluid acidosis (pH drop to 7.09) was accompanied by increased lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, and Pco2, and decreased bicarbonate and glucose. High lactate/pyruvate ratios were the most persistent abnormality. The control group, which received intraventricular artificial CSF, developed minimal ventricular fluid acidosis (pH 7.26). Lumbar CSF and venous blood acid-base parameters did not change. Simultaneous cisternal samples obtained from some of the animals reflected similar metabolic abnormalities of lesser magnitude. Intraventricular injection of sodium bicarbonate normalized the pH in four animals.
Phloroglucinol spectrophotometric method for determination of pentosan in vegetable beverage

Objective:To establish an analytical method for determination of pentosan in vegetable beverage by phloroglucinol spectrophotometry.Methods: Pentosan in vegetable beverage was hydrolyzed to pentose by heated hydrochloric acid,and then the content of pentosan was analyzed by phloroglucinal spectrophotometric method.Results: The linear range of this method was 40 mg/L~400 mg/L,and the linear equation was y=0.0017x +0.0043 with r=0.9991.The limit of detection of the method was 4 mg/L.The relative standard deviation for 6 parallel determinations was 2.03% when pentosan content was 1.45%.The relative standard deviation for 6 parallel determinations of pentosan powder with pentosan content of 16.8% was 2.33%.Conclusion: This method is rapid,accurate,sensitive and low in determination limit,thus it was applicable in the detection of pentosan in vegetable beverage.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are cholinergic receptors that form ligand-gated ion channels in the plasma membranes of certain neurons and on the postsynaptic side of the neuromuscular junction. As ionotropic receptors, nAChRs are directly linked to ion channels and do not use second messengers. These receptors differ from muscle-type receptors in subunit composition, pharmacology, and channel properties. Nicotinic receptors are also found in many invertebrate phyla. These toxins have been indispensable tools in the exploration of the acetylcholine (ACh) binding sites and in the assay of muscle-type and some neuronal-type ACh receptors. The structure of nAChRs is understood as subunit composition, primary structure, secondary and tertiary structures, and quaternary structures. It also takes into account the ACh binding sites, the channel, and the cytoplasmic domain. The channel has three tasks. It must mitigate the high-energy barrier to the translocation of an ion from one polar aqueous phase to another, through a non-polar lipid membrane; it must select among ions both by size and by charge; and it must open and close. The energy barrier is partly mitigated by the funnel shape of the channel and by its water content. The cytoplasmic domain of each subunit consists of a short loop between M1 and M2 and a long loop between M3 and M4. Phosphorylation of sites in this loop modifies the rate of desensitization and may regulate interactions of the receptor with cytoplasmic proteins.
Problem Solving Using Quantitative Stereology

Stereology is a field that deals with the geometry of microstructures. During the past two decades, its mathematical foundations have been established, and a number of texts have appeared.1–5 Since it would not be possible to present a comprehensive overview of this tool in a single chapter, this chapter will focus upon those stereo-logical methods and relationships that are “general” in the sense of being valid for real microstructures of arbitrary complexity. It is fortunate, and perhaps remarkable, that these methods are also very straightforward and easy to implement.
Leveraging Genetic-Background Effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae To Improve Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate Tolerance.

ABSTRACT A major obstacle to sustainable lignocellulosic biofuel production is microbe inhibition by the combinatorial stresses in pretreated plant hydrolysate. Chemical biomass pretreatment releases a suite of toxins that interact with other stressors, including high osmolarity and temperature, which together can have poorly understood synergistic effects on cells. Improving tolerance in industrial strains has been hindered, in part because the mechanisms of tolerance reported in the literature often fail to recapitulate in other strain backgrounds. Here, we explored and then exploited variations in stress tolerance, toxin-induced transcriptomic responses, and fitness effects of gene overexpression in different Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strains to identify genes and processes linked to tolerance of hydrolysate stressors. Using six different S. cerevisiae strains that together maximized phenotypic and genetic diversity, first we explored transcriptomic differences between resistant and sensitive strains to identify common and strain-specific responses. This comparative analysis implicated primary cellular targets of hydrolysate toxins, secondary effects of defective defense strategies, and mechanisms of tolerance. Dissecting the responses to individual hydrolysate components across strains pointed to synergistic interactions between osmolarity, pH, hydrolysate toxins, and nutrient composition. By characterizing the effects of high-copy gene overexpression in three different strains, we revealed the breadth of the background-specific effects of gene fitness contributions in synthetic hydrolysate. Our approach identified new genes for engineering improved stress tolerance in diverse strains while illuminating the effects of genetic background on molecular mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Recent studies on natural variation within Saccharomyces cerevisiae have uncovered substantial phenotypic diversity. Here, we took advantage of this diversity, using it as a tool to infer the effects of combinatorial stress found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. By comparing sensitive and tolerant strains, we implicated primary cellular targets of hydrolysate toxins and elucidated the physiological states of cells when exposed to this stress. We also explored the strain-specific effects of gene overexpression to further identify strain-specific responses to hydrolysate stresses and to identify genes that improve hydrolysate tolerance independent of strain background. This study underscores the importance of studying multiple strains to understand the effects of hydrolysate stress and provides a method to find genes that improve tolerance across strain backgrounds.
The role of pyroxenite in basalt genesis: Melt-PX, a melting parameterization for mantle pyroxenites between 0.9 and 5 GPa

Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that the source regions of oceanic basalts may contain pyroxenite in addition to peridotite. In order to incorporate the wide range of compositions and melting behaviors of pyroxenites into mantle melting models, we have developed a new parameterization, Melt-PX, which predicts near-solidus temperatures and extents of melting as a function of temperature and pressure for mantle pyroxenites. We used 183 high-pressure experiments (25 compositions; 0.9–5 GPa; 1150–1675°C) to constrain a model of melt fraction versus temperature from 5% melting up to the disappearance of clinopyroxene for pyroxenites as a function of pressure, temperature, and bulk composition. When applied to the global set of experimental data, our model reproduces the experimental F values with a standard error of estimate of 13% absolute; temperatures at which the pyroxenite is 5% molten are reproduced with a standard error of estimate of 30°C over a temperature range of ~500°C and a pressure range of ~4 GPa. In conjunction with parameterizations of peridotite melting, Melt-PX can be used to model the partial melting of multilithologic mantle sources—including the effects of varying the composition and the modal proportion of pyroxenite in such source regions. Examples of such applications include calculations of isentropic decompression melting of a mixed peridotite + pyroxenite mantle; these show that although the potential temperature of the upwelling mantle plays an important role in defining the extent of magma production, the composition and mass fraction of the pyroxenite also exert strong controls.
Pulmonary Function Tests and Their Correlation with Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease Patients.

Abstract Background: Adults and children with sickle cell disease (SCD) often have a restrictive pattern of pulmonary function and decreased DLCO. Echocardiography-determined tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRV) ≥2.5 m/s occurs in about 30% of adults with SCD and is associated with increased mortality. Its prevalence and significance in children has not been established. We prospectively evaluated pulmonary function tests and their relationship to TRV in a multicenter study of children with SCD. Methods: Patients with SCD (Hb SS, SC, Sb thalassemia or other major sickling phenotypes) aged 7 to 20 years were evaluated clinically and with spirometry, plethysmography, diffusing capacity, and echocardiography under basal circumstances. Controls were matched by ethnicity, sex and age to every sixth patient with SCD studied. Results: Pulmonary function testing was performed in 115 of 267 children enrolled in the study as of August 2007 (93 had SCD and 22 were controls). TRV was measurable in 71 patients and 18 controls who had pulmonary function tests performed. FEV1 and FVC were significantly lower in children with SCD compared to controls and TRV was significantly higher, but FV1/FVC and TLC were not different. Among children with SCD, a higher TRV was associated with lower values for FEV1, FVC FEV1/FVC and TLC but not DLCO. Conclusions: Similar to adults, pediatric patients with SCD had lower FEV1 and FVC than controls but almost identical FEV1/FVC suggesting restrictive lung dysfunction. In contrast to adults, DLCO was not lower among pediatric SCD patients than controls. Lower FEV1/FVC, a marker of obstructive lung dysfunction, correlated with higher TRV as did lower FVC and TLC, markers of restrictive lung dysfunction. Table I . Summary of pulmonary function tests. Results in mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated SCD (n = 71) Control (n = 18) P Age (years) 13 (4) 12 (4) 0.2 Females in no. and % 30 (42%) 13 (72%) 0.023 FEV1 (% predicted) 89 (16) 99 (16) 0.025 FVC (% predicted) 93 (16) 104 (17) 0.018 FEV1/FVC (%) 84 (7) 84 (6) 0.9 TLC (% predicted) 89 (15)* 98 (18)** 0.2 Residual volume (% predicted) 105 (39)* 117 (46)** 0.5 DLCO adjusted for hemoglobin (% predicted) 99 (20)*** 88 (12)**** 0.019 TR velocity (m/sec) 2.3 (0.3) 2.1 (0.3) 0.021 *N = 52 **N = 9 ***n = 59 ****n = 13 Table II . Spearman Correlation of Pulmonary Function Tests with TRV in SCD Patients N R P value FEV1 (% predicted) 71 −0.299 0.011 FVC (% predicted) 71 −0.257 0.030 FEV1/FVC (%) 71 −0.257 0.030 TLC (% predicted) 52 −0.263 0.060 DLCO adj. for hemoglobin (% predicted) 59 −0.098 0.2
Toward a more comprehensive analysis of the role of organizational culture in child sexual abuse in institutional contexts

This article draws on a report prepared for the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (Palmer et al., 2016) to develop a more comprehensive analysis of the role that organizational culture plays in child sexual abuse in institutional contexts, where institutional contexts are taken to be formal organizations that include children among their members (referred to here as "youth-serving organizations"). We begin by integrating five strains of theory and research on organizational culture from organizational sociology and management theory into a unified framework for analysis. We then elaborate the main paths through which organizational culture can influence child sexual abuse in youth-serving organizations. We then use our unified analytic framework and our understanding of the main paths through which organizational culture can influence child sexual abuse in youth-serving organizations to analyze the role that organizational culture plays in the perpetration, detection, and response to child sexual abuse in youth-serving organizations. We selectively illustrate our analysis with case materials compiled by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse and reports of child sexual abuse published in a variety of other sources. We conclude with a brief discussion of the policy implications of our analysis.
Stratigraphy of Newly Exposed Quaternary Sediments, Eastern Orleans Parish, Louisiana

Five Late Quaternary stratigraphic units are exposed at the Lake Carmel borrow pit in eastern Orleans Parish. These are, in ascending order: 1) deltaic eqwvalents of Deweyville terrace alluvium (Wisconsin); 2) a buried soil zone, herein informally named "Little Woods paleosol" (late Wisconsinearly Holocene); 3) bay-sound clay, herein formally designated the "Michoud Formation" (middle Holocene); 4) barrier bar sand of the New Orleans trend (middle Holocene); and 5) St. Bernard prodeltaic and delta front deposits (late Holocene). This succession of beds records the envirorunental history of the vicinity of the borrow pit as the following sequence of major events: 1) the emergence of a late Pleistocene delta lobe and pedogenic alteration of deltaic deposits; 2) the subsequent inundation of the southern Lake Pontchartrain and New Orleans area by transgressive Gulf waters forming the Pontchartrain Embayment; 3) progradation of the New Orleans barrier trend across the mouth of the embayment; and finally, 4) encroachment of a St. Bernard delta lobe on the New Orleans trend and eventual isolation of the embay men! from the Gulf of Mexico to form the present Lake Pontchartrain.
Synthetic Graphene Oxide Leaf for Solar Desalination with Zero Liquid Discharge

Water vapor generation through sunlight harvesting and heat localization by carbon-based porous thin film materials holds great promise for sustainable, energy-efficient desalination and water treatment. However, the applicability of such materials in a high-salinity environment emphasizing zero-liquid-discharge brine disposal has not been studied. This paper reports the characterization and evaporation performance of a nature-inspired synthetic leaf made of graphene oxide (GO) thin film material, which exhibited broadband light absorption and excellent stability in high-salinity water. Under 0.82-sun illumination (825 W/m2), a GO leaf floating on water generated steam at a rate of 1.1 L per m2 per hour (LMH) with a light-to-vapor energy conversion efficiency of 54%, while a GO leaf lifted above water in a tree-like configuration generated steam at a rate of 2.0 LMH with an energy efficiency of 78%. The evaporation rate increased with increasing light intensity and decreased with increasing salinity. Duri...
Delia Woodruff Godding (1812–61): Poetry and Perseverance

The details of Delia Woodruff Godding’s fascinating and bittersweet life have remained unstudied until now. In fact, very little information on Delia has been located; prior to the author’s interest in Godding’s geological writing, published information on the author was limited to what was found on the cover of her 1847 children’s book published in Hartford, CT, First Lessons in Geology by a “Miss D.W. Godding” (eg. Ogilvie and Harvey 2000). Published here for the first time is a comprehensive biographical sketch of this author, as well as an analysis of her popularized work in geology.
Evaluation of a microfluidic flow assay to screen for von Willebrand disease and low von Willebrand factor levels.

Essentials von Willebrand factor (VWF) function is shear stress dependent. Platelet accumulation in a microfluidic assay correlates with VWF levels. The microfluidic assay discriminates type 1 von Willebrand disease from healthy controls. The microfluidic flow assay detects responses to therapeutic intervention (DDAVP). SummaryBackground von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a mucocutaneous bleeding disorder with a reported prevalence of 1 in 10 000. von Willebrand factor (VWF) function and platelet adhesion are regulated by hemodynamic forces that are not integrated into most current clinical assays. Objective We evaluated whether a custom microfluidic flow assay (MFA) can screen for deficiencies in VWF in patients presenting with mucocutaneous bleeding. Methods Whole blood from individuals with mucocutaneous bleeding was assayed in a custom MFA. Results Thirty-two patients with type 1 VWD (10/32) or reported mucocutaneous bleeding were enrolled. The platelet adhesion velocity (r = 0.5978 for 750 s−1 and 0.6895 for 1500 s−1) and the maximum platelet surface area coverage (r = 0.5719 for 750 s−1 and 0.6633 for 1500 s−1) in the MFA correlated with VWF levels. Furthermore, the platelet adhesion velocity at 750 s−1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0009761, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0003404–0.001612; control, mean 0.003587, 95% CI 0.002455–0.004719) and at 1500 s−1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.0003585, 95% CI 0.00003914–0.0006778; control, mean 0.003132, 95% CI 0.001565–0.004699) differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. Maximum platelet surface area coverage at 750 s−1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.1831, 95% CI 0.03816–0.3281; control, mean 0.6755, 95% CI 0.471–0.88) and at 1500 s−1 (type 1 VWD, mean 0.07873, 95% CI 0.01689–0.1406; control, mean 0.6432, 95% CI 0.3607–0.9257) also differentiated type 1 VWD from controls. We also observed an improvement in platelet accumulation after 1-desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) treatment at 1500 s−1 (pre-DDAVP, mean 0.4784, 95% CI 0.1777–0.7791; post-DDAVP, mean 0.8444, 95% CI 0.7162–0.9726). Conclusions These data suggest that this approach can be used as a screening tool for VWD.
The adjoint of a composition operator via its action on the Szegő kernel

The adjoint of the classic composition operator on the Hardy space of the unit disc determined by a holomorphic self map of the unit disc is well known to send the Szegő kernel function associated to a point in the unit disc to the Szegő kernel associated to the image of that point under the self map. The purpose of this paper is to show that a constructive proof that holomorphic functions that extend past the boundary can be well approximated by complex linear combinations of the Szegő kernel function gives an explicit formula for the adjoint of a composition operator that yields a new way of looking at these objects and provides inspiration for new ways of thinking about operators that act on linear spans of the Szegő kernel. Composition operators associated to multivalued self mappings will arise naturally, and out of necessity. A parallel set of ideas will be applied to composition operators on the Bergman space.
Synthesis, characterization and solubility analysis of amorphous SiO 2 -CaO-Na 2 O-P 2 O 5 scaffolds for hard tissue repair

Abstract The substitution of TiO2 with network modifiers (sodium, Na+ and calcium, Ca2+) within a bioactive glass series was investigated to synthesize amorphous scaffolds from the SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5 glass system. Three glasses were formulated for this study, a control (BG) and two experimental formulations with 9 wt% TiO2 substituted for CaO (SC-1) and Na2O (SC-2) respectively. X-ray diffraction presented an amorphous pattern for BG and SC-1, with extensive crystallinity present in SC-2. Differential thermal analysis presented a higher Tg for SC-1 (559 °C) and SC-2 (627 °C) compared to BG (531 °C), however a greater distribution of Q-species was evident in SC-1 and SC-2, particularly in the Q1–Q2 regions as evidenced by MAS-NMR. Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) testing presented calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition on BG however no visible CaP layer was observed on the surface of SC-1 and SC-2. Ion release profiles exhibited a much slower Si release rate with respect to time for SC-1 and SC-2, which may be the limiting factor when tested in SBF. The addition of TiO2 to the glass stabilized the pH during SBF testing and significantly increased the hardness compared to the control BG. Scaffold fabrication was conducted with SC-1, and a porous amorphous structure was synthesized at 635 °C.
Schopenhauer and British Literary Feminism

“Schopenhauer and British Literary Feminism ” demonstrates the extent to which Schopenhauer’s reception was shaped by British women writers, revealing the surprising appeal of the philosopher’s ideas for Victorian novelists reconceptualizing female desire, sexuality, and agency.
Property-Price Determinants in Indonesia

Price formation provides critical insights into the attributes of fledgling property markets in developing countries. This article investigates asking-price formation across the Indonesian archipel...
Combinatorial Expression of Grp and Neurod6 Defines Dopamine Neuron Populations with Distinct Projection Patterns and Disease Vulnerability.

Midbrain dopamine neurons project to numerous targets throughout the brain to modulate various behaviors and brain states. Within this small population of neurons exists significant heterogeneity based on physiology, circuitry, and disease susceptibility. Recent studies have shown that dopamine neurons can be subdivided based on gene expression; however, the extent to which genetic markers represent functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations has not been fully explored. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse dopamine neurons and validated studies showing that Neurod6 and Grp are selective markers for dopaminergic subpopulations. Using a combination of multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization, retrograde labeling, and electrophysiology in mice of both sexes, we defined the anatomy, projection targets, physiological properties, and disease vulnerability of dopamine neurons based on Grp and/or Neurod6 expression. We found that the combinatorial expression of Grp and Neurod6 defines dopaminergic subpopulations with unique features. Grp+/Neurod6+ dopamine neurons reside in the ventromedial VTA, send projections to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, and have noncanonical physiological properties. Grp+/Neurod6- dopamine neurons are found in the VTA as well as in the ventromedial portion of the SNc, where they project selectively to the dorsomedial striatum. Grp-/Neurod6+ dopamine neurons represent a smaller VTA subpopulation, which is preferentially spared in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Together, our work provides detailed characterization of Neurod6 and Grp expression in the midbrain and generates new insights into how these markers define functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations.
Abstract 3564: A Multi-Stage Evaluation of Genetic Association with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in MYLK Gene

Background: Consistent linkage evidence has been found for coronary artery disease (CAD) at chromosome 3q13–21. To fine map the region, we previously conducted a peak-wide association survey using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) evenly spaced at 100 kb intervals. While strongest association was found at Kalirin gene, multiple genes displayed evidence for association with early-onset CAD, including the myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene. MYLK is a member of the Kalirin-RhoGTPase pathway that we have proposed previously to be important in CAD. Methods: To thoroughly evaluate the association at MYLK , we examined 46 tagging and functional SNPs across the gene in a case-control dataset with early-onset CAD (N=750), resulting in an average density of one SNP every 6 kb. Significant results were then validated in families with early-onset CAD (N=2954). As a third evaluation, the probands (N=560) of the families were compared to the controls (N=291) from the case-control dataset. Finally, validated SNPs were examined for correlation with atherosclerosis in 145 aorta specimens. Results: Multiple SNPs were significant in the initial screening in the case-control dataset (p=0.001 to 0.038). However, only three of them were validated in all datasets (p=0.001 to 0.046). In addition, the risk alleles of the three SNPs were correlated with higher atherosclerosis burden in aortas (p=0.007 to 0.040). The three SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium with each other (r 2> 0.9) and span over 50 kb region near the 5’ end of the gene. Conclusions: Our multi-stage evaluation strongly supports MYLK as a novel CAD susceptibility gene. MYLK regulates smooth muscle cell contraction and endothelial cell permeability through catalyzing the phorsphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain. The known functions of MYLK provide a plausible mechanism for its involvement in the development of atherosclerosis.
Cognitive Performance in Individuals With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and/or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background Individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share some common pathophysiological features with individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a well-established association between T2DM and cognitive decline, but no corollary data of people with NAFLD and without T2DM or whether combination of the 2 disorders is associated with additive deficits in cognitive performance. Objectives The purpose of this investigation is to compare measures of cognitive performance for individuals with NAFLD, individuals with T2DM, individuals with both or neither. Methods Using NHANES data from 2011–2014, 1102 individuals were identified who had completed cognitive assessments. Results After controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and metabolic components, individuals with both NAFLD and T2DM scored significantly lower on a task that combines processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory (Beta = −3.44, 95% CI: −6.75 to −0.12) than individuals with neither. Individuals with T2DM without NAFLD scored significantly lower on verbal fluency (Beta = −1.47, 95% CI: −2.7 to −0.23) than individuals with neither. Conclusions Data from this study suggests that individuals with T2DM and individuals with both NAFLD and T2DM have lower cognitive performance on various tasks. These data support an approach that aims to apply preventive strategies to optimize management of T2DM in patients with NAFLD.
Sinc Approximation in Strip

In this chapter we develop methods to approximate analytic functions via Sinc series. Initially we obtain bounds on the error of approximation of functions that are analytic in the strip D d of Equation (1.7.9), via the Sinc series derived in Section 1.9. The region D d is a natural choice, since the modulus of the function sin(πz/h) which we employ to get the error of Sinc approximation is both large and nearly constant on the boundary of D d . We also make an assumption on the growth of f in D d , which has far-reaching consequences, and which enables us to replace the infinite Sinc series by a finite one.
Singular implicit ordinary differential equations and constraints

Implicit ordinary differential equations, also known as differential/algebraic equations, arise naturally in a number of formulations. These are frequently singular and can cause considerable numerical difficulty. We do not know how to handle the general problem, but a common formulation leads to equations that can be integrated in some cases.
Case 256: Breast Implant–associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma

History A 57-year-old woman presented with right breast swelling and enlargement and a palpable mass in the right lower inner breast. There was no history of fever, trauma, skin redness, or nipple discharge. The patient had a history of breast augmentation, with retropectoral silicone implants placed 2.5 years ago. Screening mammography (images not shown) 7 months prior revealed bilateral breast implants but no other abnormality. Mammography and US of the right breast were performed at the initial evaluation. Subsequently, fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and MRI were performed.
Synthesis of guanosine tetraphosphate (Magic Spot I) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Guanosine tetraphosphate (Magic Spot I) has been found in formic acid extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to heat shock. The yeast compound comigrates with authentic ppGpp in several chromatographic systems, and further tests confirm its identity with the guanosine-5′-diphosphate-3′-diphosphate found in bacteria. Oxytetracycline inhibits its formation in yeast cells, suggesting that it is produced on the mitochondrial ribosomes.
Joint Encoding of Auditory Timing and Location in Visual Cortex

Co-occurring sounds can facilitate perception of spatially and temporally correspondent visual events. Separate lines of research have identified two putatively distinct neural mechanisms underlyin...
Privacy in Sound-Based Social Networks

In this paper we address the issue of privacy in Online Social Networks (OSN), focusing on those that use environmental sound as a contextual cue for users activity. Through the use of a costume-made research tool consisting of an Online Sound-Based Social Network (OSBSN), we undertook scientific experiments aiming to assess how users deal with the use of sound. Results show that contextual sound is regarded as important and useful for OSN but raises important privacy concerns. In order to deal with this constraint, we propose a system based on the automatic classification of sound environment rather than capturing and sharing actual audio.