cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel Depth First Search on the Ring Architecture

This paper presents the implementation and analysis of parallel depth-first search on the ring architecture. At the heart of the parallel formulation of depth-first search is a dynamic work distribution scheme that divides the work between different processors. The effectiveness of the parallel formulation is strongly influenced by the choice of the work distribution scheme. In particular, a commonly used work distribution scheme is found to give very poor performance on large rings( < 32 processors). We present a new work distribution scheme that is better than the work distribution scheme used by other researchers, and gives good performance even on large rings (128 processors). We introduce the concept of iso-efficiency function to characterize the effectiveness of different work distribution schemes.
From Independence Hall to the Strip Mall: Applying Cost-Benefit Analysis to Historic Preservation

Over the past fifty years, hundreds of municipalities across the country have enacted historic preservation laws — ordinances that regulate the alteration and demolition of buildings deemed historically or aesthetically significant. Recently, however, preservation has become pervasive, freezing the development of vast neighborhoods filled with undistinguished buildings. Local preservation commissions tend to focus on the benefits of saving old buildings rather than the costs. This Article encourages local governments to consider costs, and proposes adapting the federal model of agency cost-benefit analysis to historic preservation.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Bone Health: What the Orthopaedic Surgeon Needs to Know.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications that are utilized for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and similar gastrointestinal disorders in all patient populations.There is evidence that prolonged use of PPIs can lead to osteoporosis and altered bone metabolism and can e
Social and Entertainment Gratifications of Videogame Play Comparing Robot, AI, and Human Partners

As social robots’ and AI agents’ roles are becoming more diverse, those machines increasingly function as sociable partners. This trend raises questions about whether social gaming gratifications known to emerge in human-human co-play may (not) also manifest in human-machine co-play. In the present study, we examined social outcomes of playing a videogame with a human partner as compared to an ostensible social robot or A.I (i.e., computer-controlled player) partner. Participants (N = 103) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions in which they played a cooperative video game with either a human, embodied robot, or non-embodied AI. Results indicated that few statistically significant or meaningful differences existed between any of the partner types on perceived closeness with partner, relatedness need satisfaction, or entertainment outcomes. However, qualitative data suggested that human and robot partners were both seen as more sociable, while AI partners were seen as more functional.
Identification of miRNA-mRNA associations in hepatocellular carcinoma using hierarchical integrative model

The established role miRNA-mRNA regulation of gene expression has in oncogenesis highlights the importance of integrating miRNA with downstream mRNA targets. These findings call for investigations aimed at identifying disease-associated miRNA-mRNA pairs. Hierarchical integrative models (HIM) offer the opportunity to uncover the relationships between disease and the levels of different molecules measured in multiple omic studies. The HIM model we formulated for analysis of mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq data can be specified with two levels: (1) a mechanistic submodel relating mRNAs to miRNAs, and (2) a clinical submodel relating disease status to mRNA and miRNA, while accounting for the mechanistic relationships in the first level. mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq data were acquired by analysis of tumor and normal liver tissues from 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the data using HIM and identified 157 significant miRNA-mRNA pairs in HCC. The majority of these molecules have already been independently identified as being either diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic biomarker candidates for HCC. These pairs appear to be involved in processes contributing to the pathogenesis of HCC involving inflammation, regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism. For further evaluation of our method, we analyzed miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq data from TCGA network. While some of the miRNA-mRNA pairs we identified by analyzing both our and TCGA data are previously reported in the literature and overlap in regulation and function, new pairs have been identified that may contribute to the discovery of novel targets. The results strongly support the hypothesis that miRNAs are important regulators of mRNAs in HCC. Furthermore, these results emphasize the biological relevance of studying miRNA-mRNA pairs.
Personalized User Modelling for Sleep Insight

Sleep is critical to leading a healthy lifestyle. Each day, most people go to sleep without any idea about how their night's rest is going to be. For an activity that humans spend around a third of their life doing, there is a surprising amount of mystery around it. Despite current research, creating personalized sleep models in real-world settings has been challenging. Existing literature provides several connections between daily activities and sleep quality. Unfortunately, these insights do not generalize well in many individuals. Thus, it is essential to create a personalized sleep model. This research proposes a user centered sleep model that can identify causal relationships between daily activities and sleep quality and present the user with specific feedback about how their lifestyle affects their sleep. Our method uses N-of-1 experiments on longitudinal multimodal user data and event mining to generate understanding between lifestyle choices (exercise, eating, circadian rhythm) and their impact on sleep quality. Our experimental results identified and quantified relationships while extracting confounding variables through a causal framework.
Classifications of $\Gamma$-colored minuscule posets and $P$-minuscule Kac--Moody representations

The $\Gamma$-colored $d$-complete and $\Gamma$-colored minuscule posets unify and generalize multiple classes of colored posets defined by R.A. Proctor, J.R. Stembridge, and R.M. Green. In previous work, we showed that $\Gamma$-colored minuscule posets are necessary and sufficient to build from colored posets certain representations of Kac--Moody algebras that generalize minuscule representations of semisimple Lie algebras. In this paper we classify $\Gamma$-colored minuscule posets, which also classifies the corresponding representations. We show that $\Gamma$-colored minuscule posets are precisely disjoint unions of colored minuscule posets of Proctor and connected full heaps of Green.
The Effects of Etomidate Anesthesia on Adrenal Insufficiency and Relative Risk of Mortality Associated with Severity of Critical Illness. A Meta-Analysis

Background: Etomidate, a preferred anesthetic agent, causes partial adrenal insufficiency [PAI] by inhibiting cortisol synthesis. It is controversial whether it increases mortality. The relative risks [rr] of PAI and mortality of etomidate was evaluated regarding e severity of illness (Simplified Acute Physiology II, [SAPSII]). Methods: Literature searches were performed within Cochrane Reviews (search terms "etomidate" and "adrenal"), and then on PubMed and SCOPUS (search terms" etomidate", "critical care", "adrenal insufficiency", "glucocorticoid" or "corticosteroid"). Primary outcome was 28-day survival. Secondary outcome was PAI. PRISMA guidelines were implemented. Findings: There were 28 trials of etomidate vs comparator anesthetics (4 randomized controlled, 15 retrospective and 9 post hoc) of 8429 patients. PAI, pre-defined in 13 trials, occurred at a rr =1·57 (95%confidence interval (CI):1·43; 1·71, p 50 (rr= 1·2, CI: 1·11; 1·30, p 57 (rr=1·22). No overall clinical benefit was found when corticosteroids were added to etomidate, although a post-hoc evaluation showed survival benefit for SAPS >55. Interpretation: Etomidate causes PAI which lasts for 24 hours. In critically ill patients with SAPS >50 there is a 20% increase in mortality. There is limited evidence that early institution of corticosteroids in those with SAPS >50 may be protective. Funding Statement: The authors declared: "None." Declaration of Interests: The authors stated: "None." Ethics Approval Statement: PRISMA guidelines were implemented.
GENERAL DWIGHT EISENHOWER AND THE SOVIET ALLIANCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

When Dwight David Eisenhower ran for President in 1952, he, along with his Democratic competitor Adlai Stevenson, was the first presidential candidate to make campaign commercials for television. One of the most notable ones depicted Eisenhower standing next to Soviet Marshal Georgi Zhukov in Berlin in 1945, when the narrator assured viewers: “Ike knows how to handle the Russians,” and that he would effectively lead the American government in the Cold War. Interestingly, nearly all of Eisenhower’s initial experiences with Russian military and government leaders came during a time when the United States and Soviet Russia were allies, during the Second World War. This essay will examine Ike’s complicated views towards the Soviet Union before, during, and after the Second World War, and how they translated into American military and occupation policy. Ike moved from the traditional suspicion of the Soviet government by most American army officers to seeing the Soviet army an essential ally in the attempt to destroy Nazism. After the end of the war, Ike frequently expressed hope the Soviets would be a valuable partner in securing global peace, before finally moving towards Cold War hostility towards the regime in Moscow, although later than many other American military, diplomatic, and political leaders. Key words: Eizenhauer, Soviet Union, World War II, Cold War, “Berlin question”, Nazis.
Deciphering RNA modifications at base resolution: from chemistry to biology

Nearly 200 distinct chemical modifications of RNAs have been discovered to date. Their analysis via direct methods has been possible in abundant RNA species, such as ribosomal, transfer or viral RNA, since several decades. However, their analysis in less abundant RNAs species, especially cellular messenger RNAs, was rendered possible only recently with the advent of high throughput sequencing techniques. Given the growing biomedical interest of the proteins that write, erase and read RNA modifications, ingenious new methods to enrich and identify RNA modifications at base resolution have been implemented, and more efforts are underway to render them more quantitative. Here, we review several crucial modification-specific (bio)chemical approaches and discuss their advantages and shortcomings for exploring the epitranscriptome.
Tolerance to submaximal eccentric exercise in women with and without fibromyalgia, moving away from anecdotal beliefs

We have shown people with fibromyalgia experience exacerbated pain in the exercising limb up to three days following submaximal isometric and concentric exercise however, the pain response following eccentric exercise has not been investigated. This study investigated the change in experimental pain up to two days following submaximal eccentric exercise while clinical pain was assessed through the 7-day recovery period in women with and without FM. Eighteen women with fibromyalgia (49.1±11.8yr, BMI: 31.4±7.6) and 18 controls (49.5±10.1yr, BMI: 27.1±4.8) completed session 1 (exercise) and session 2 (recovery assessment) separated by 2 days; session 1 included a 10-minute bout of submaximal (20% of maximal voluntary contraction) eccentric exercise with the right elbow flexors. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), mechanical pain summation, and punctate pain summation were assessed before, immediately after exercise, and in session 2. Clinical pain (0-10 NRS) in the exercising arm and whole-body was assessed before, during, immediately after, and up to seven days following the exercise bout. PPTs and mechanical pain summation did not change immediately following exercise or session 2 (Time, p>0.05). Punctate pain summation changed following exercise (Time x Summation, p=0.003) however, post hoc analysis did not reveal a significant difference immediately after exercise (p=0.296) or at session two (p=0.03). The fibromyalgia group reported greater increases in exercising arm pain during (Time x Group, p
A Generalized Power Supply Induced Jitter Model Based on Power Supply Rejection Ratio Response

In this work, a generalized power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) model is proposed. The PSIJ sensitivity is obtained based on the evaluation of driver power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) response. The voltage ripple at the driver output is transformed into driver output jitter with the slope of the switching edge. The time-averaged effect of power noise during the time range of driver propagation delay is also considered. The proposed model is applied to estimate the PSIJ sensitivity for typical inverter type of drivers and a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) type of current mode differential transmitter. Depending on the transistor working region in the driver, the PSIJ sensitivity frequency dependence could be dominated by either the propagation delay or the PSRR response. The accuracy of the predicted PSIJ sensitivity is verified by simulation. Reasonably good accuracy has been achieved in terms of both the magnitude and phase.
Hydrous pyrolysis of New Albany Shale: A study examining maturation changes and porosity development

Abstract The characterization of nanoscale organic structures has improved our understanding of porosity development within source-rock reservoirs, but research linking organic porosity evolution to thermal maturity has generated conflicting results. To better understand this connection, an immature (0.25% solid bitumen reflectance; BRo) sample of the New Albany Shale was used in four isothermal hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiment sequences at 300°, 320°, 340°, and 370°C, with residues collected periodically for a maximum of 103 days. The HP residues, along with the original immature sample and two naturally matured (1.49 and 1.56% BRo) New Albany Shale samples were analyzed for organic petrology, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and organic porosity evaluation using correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). All of the HP series increased in thermal maturity with increasing duration of pyrolysis, though reflectance for each series plateaued within 25 days of maturation. Initially, TOC in the HP residues decreases (from 14.24 wt. %) with increasing thermal maturity until ∼1.0% BRo where TOC remains at ∼9–10 wt. % for all remaining residues. Qualitative CLEM observations within the 50–100 day 300° and 340°C HP sequences (0.95–1.70% BRo), and the naturally matured samples, develop organic porosity in smaller (
Lymphoreticular malignancies as environmental disorders

Information of considerable importance has been gained from comparisons of the incidence of various malignant diseases, both between and within various populations. Although the role of hereditary factors can never be completely excluded, it is likely that the vast majority of the geographic differences observed for most cancers are environmentally induced. This would also appear to be true of the lymphomas and leukaemias, which are characterised by markedly diverse international patterns. When differences in incidence are polarised to the extent that a disease occurs only or mainly in relatively circumscribed areas, as is true with Burkitt’s lymphoma, this allows one to concentrate on the differences between regions of high and low incidence. Do these areas differ mainly with respect to their physical environment (e.g. climate, geology), biologic environment or both? It must be realised, however, that it is difficult to dissect man from his environment; just as the nutritional, hygienic and socio-economic standards set by man can alter his environment so too existing physical and biologic factors can dramatically affect his activities. Despite all its uses, geographic epidemiology has its limitations, largely due to the lack of suitable statistics from certain areas, especially more primitive ones, and under ascertainment of cases which may be a function of the diagnostic facilities available. It is therefore imperative that other methods be employed in evaluating the possibility that a disease is environmentally induced. These include time—space cluster analysis, migration studies and evaluation of peculiar situations such as familial aggregations of a disease. Again each method has its own limitations so that a variety of approaches must be taken to adequately evaluate this question. This chapter examines the evidence that environmental factors might be important in the aetiology of certain lymphoreticular disorders.
Round and round: Examining teaching residents’ participation in and reflections on education rounds

Abstract In teacher preparation, the education rounds model has the potential to facilitate opportunities for preservice teachers to engage as part of a professional community and inquire into their teaching practice. This qualitative study examines the education rounds model in a graduate-level teacher residency program in New York City. We analyze how a cohort of 20 preservice teachers framed their teaching practice and reflected on opportunities for learning through education rounds. Findings suggest that the education rounds process highlighted gaps in preservice teachers’ understandings of how, when, and why to use particular instructional strategies and principles. However, in most cases, education rounds supported the development of tools to study teaching in and with a community of learners.
Do terrorist threat alerts increase perception of threat and legitimization of in-group's wars? The moderating role of perceived in-group homogeneity

This study examined the impact of external cues of (experimentally induced) terrorist threat or security on perceived threat and legitimization of the U.S.'s war in Iraq as a function of perceived in-group homogeneity and in-group identification. In-group identification did not moderate the effects of external cues of threat or security. External cues of threat resulted in higher legitimization of war via heightened perceived threat, but only among participants who rated low or moderate in perceived in-group homogeneity. By contrast, cues affirming the security of the in-group resulted in lower legitimization of war among group members who viewed their in-group to be homogeneous. These results draw attention to in-group homogeneity's role in increasing perceived group's agency to cope with threats.
Age, class, politics, and the welfare state: Social welfare spending and democratic political context

Although most theories and studies of the welfare state focus on advanced industrial, high-income democracies, as did our analyses in the previous chapter, the study of low-and middle-income developing nations may be equally valuable. Developing nations show greater diversity than high-income nations in democracy, trade dependency, and industrial structure. Welfare spending in developing nations rarely reaches the levels in developed nations but still shows a surprising range – from near zero to 5 percent of GNP. Combined with variation in spending, differences in democratic and economic context in developing nations offer the opportunity to test the influence of additional variables and further evaluate the hypotheses. Indeed, studying the developing nations allows us to concentrate on the emergence and early expansion of the welfare state rather than the maturation of systems in high-income nations. The processes determining welfare spending differ in advanced industrial democracies and other nations (Cutright, 1967; Williamson and Pampel, 1986), and the processes in these other nations need study. In this chapter, we use low-and middle-income developing nations to further address two theoretical questions raised in Chapter 1: (1) what are the relative influences of class-based and non-class-based (demographic and industrial) determinants of social welfare spending? and (2) do democratic politics and political environments influence social welfare spending? An important component of class dominance – the dependency of low-income nations on capitalist, core nations – can be studied with these nations.
THE IMPACT OF ROLE VARIABLES ON INFORMATION SYSTEM PERSONNEL OUTCOMES: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This study examines the antecedents of job satisfaction,commitment and turnover intentions for 229 information systemsdevelopment personnel (ISDP) employed by nine companies withinseveral industries. The antecedents studied include boundaryspanning, role ambiguity and role conflict. A model of thesevariables is built and tested via path analysis. A secondaryanalysis is performed to explore the impacts of task differenceson the study variables. The task differences include analyticand programming tasks.The analyses revealed the following. Systems analysts spanmore boundaries than programmers. The major hazard faced bysystems analysts when they span boundaries is role conflict whichnegatively impacts their job satisfaction, commitment andintention to quit. The overall effect of boundary spanning is toreduce ISDP intention to quit despite its positive relationshipwith role conflict. Systems analysts and programmers are bothintolerant of role ambiguity. Role ambiguity is very detrimentalgreatly reducing ISDP job satisfaction, commitment and increasingISDP intention to quit. Role ambiguity is not related toboundary spanning nor is it related to analytic or programmingduties. Programmers are less committed than systems analysts andare more likely to express intentions to leave.The above information is used to make recommendations to ISmanagement. Finally, recommendations and directions aresuggested regarding future research.
S-ribosylhomocysteine cleavage enzyme from Escherichia coli.

Abstract Cell-free extracts from Escherichia coli cleave the thioether linkage of S-ribosylhomocysteine and generate free homocysteine. Homocysteine was quantitatively recovered from reaction mixtures by ion exchange chromatography on Amberlite CG-120 resin. Free ribose was not a product of this cleavage; however, a compound initially derived from the ribose moiety of S-ribosylhomocysteine has been isolated by chromatography on Dowex 1-X8 resin but has not been fully characterized. A 15-fold purification of the cleavage enzyme has been achieved by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, and ethyl alcohol precipitation. The thioether linkage of S-adenosylhomocysteine also was cleaved by crude cell-free extracts of E. coli. However, the ratio of specific activities, obtained with S-ribosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine as substrates during the purification procedure, showed the necessity for cleavage of the glycosyl bond of S-adenosylhomocysteine prior to cleavage of the thioether linkage. The pH optimum for stability of the S-ribosylhomocysteine cleavage enzyme is 7.6 with 0.1 m Tris-HCl buffer, and the Michaelis constant is 1.94 x 10-3 m for S-ribosylhomocysteine.
Amino Sugar Assimilation by Escherichia coli

The carbon skeleton of glucose is extensively randomized during conversion to cell wall glucosamine by Escherichia coli K-12. Exogenous glucosamine-1-(14)C is selectively oxidized, and isotope incorporation into cellular glucosamine is greatly diluted during assimilation. A mutant unable to grow with N-acetylglucosamine as a carbon and energy source was isolated from E. coli K-12. This mutant was found to be defective in glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase. Glucosamine-1-(14)C and N-acetylglucosamine-1-(14)C were assimilated during the growth of mutant cultures without degradation or carbon randomization. Assimilated isotopic carbon resided entirely in cell wall glucosamine and muramic acid. Some isotope dilution occurred from biosynthesis, but at high concentrations (0.2 mm) of added N-acetylglucosamine nearly all cellular amino sugar was derived from the exogenous source. Growth of the mutant was inhibited with 1 mmN-acetylglucosamine.
Perception of What the Ethical Climate is and What it Should be: The Role of Gender, Academic Status, and Ethical Education

This study examined ethical attitudes and perceptions of 691 undergraduate seniors and freshmen in a college of business. Gender was found to be correlated to perceptions of "what the ethical climate should be" with female subjects showing significantly more favorable attitude towards ethical behaviors than males. Further, Seniors had a more cynical view of the current ethical climate than freshmen. Freshmen were significantly more likely than seniors to believe that good business ethics is positively related to successful business outcomes. Ethical education was significantly correlated to both perceptions of "current ethical climate" as well as "what the ethical climate should be". Students who had been exposed to ethical issues in a course were more likely to believe both, that ethical behavior is, and should be, positively associated with successful business outcomes.
Echelle spectra image processing for the International Ultraviolet Explorer

This paper will present the techniques needed to convert the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) high resolution echelle spectra into useful scientific data.
Lessons for a New Millennium

The climate changes believed to have occurred before this century have remained enigmatic, hampering our understanding of today9s climatic changes. Reseachers trying to assess the human influence on the warming of the past century have commonly used complex ocean atmosphere models, but these models have their drawbacks. In his Perspective, Mann discusses a research article by Crowley, who has used a simple model driven by the most important natural and human-induced climate forcings to simulate climatic change over the last millennium. Comparing the model results with observations, Crowley makes what may be the most compelling case to date for the assertion that anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases are behind the dramatic continued warming of the globe.
Sodium-potassium pump and sodium-calcium exchange in adult and neonatal canine cardiac sarcolemma

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Na(+)-K+ pump and the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, two systems thought to be important in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart, change during postnatal development. In adult and neonatal canine cardiac sarcolemmal preparations, Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and specific [3H]ouabain binding were found to be higher in the adult compared with the neonate, although Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase turnover numbers were not significantly different. Furthermore, ouabain association and dissociation rate constants, examined under a variety of conditions, were the same for both the neonate and adult preparations. These results suggest that the number of pump units per milligram sarcolemmal protein changes during postnatal development. In contrast, the initial rate of Na(+)-dependent-45Ca2+ influx, an index of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity, was not significantly different in the two age groups. Additionally, the sensitivity of the exchanger to extravesicular Ca2+ and K+ was the same. In summary, during postnatal development sarcolemmal Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and [3H]ouabain binding increase from neonate to adult, whereas Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity remains the same. This may result in a greater importance of Ca2+ flux through the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange system in the neonate compared with the adult.
Hydrotherapy in State Mental Hospitals in the Mid-Twentieth Century

This research describes nurses' experiences in administering "the water cure," hot or cold wet sheet packs, and continuous tub baths in state mental hospitals during the early twentieth century. Student and graduate nurses were required to demonstrate competence in hydrotherapy treatments used to calm agitated or manic patients in the era before neuroleptics. The nurses interviewed for this study indicated that, although labor intensive, hydrotherapy worked, at least temporarily. Although no longer used in state hospitals, hydrotherapy is regaining popularity with the general public and may serve as an adjunct to pharmacological treatments to calm hospitalized patients in the future.
Three-dimensional mathematical model for transport phenomena in horizontal chemical vapor deposition reactors

A three-dimensional (3-D) mathematical model describes the transport phenomena and the resulting rate of deposition in horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactors. The model employs a finite difference scheme to solve the governing partial differential equations to predict the velocity field, temperature distribution, and concentration profiles of various gas species. The rate of silicon deposition by the reaction of SiCl4 and H2 is predicted. The model shows that the buoyancy-driven flow in such reactors has a marked effect on the uniformity of deposition. In these calculations, the concepts of local equilibrium at the substrate and thermal diffusion of SiCl2 away from the substrate were considered in evaluating the rate of silicon deposition. Incorporation of these factors has significantly improved the predictive capability of the model. The rates of silicon deposition were calculated for two different thermal boundary conditions which had a pronounced effect on the uniformity of deposition. Substrate tilt contributes to the production of a more uniform silicon deposition. The model was used as a computer-aided design tool for process optimization; a simple addition of two fins to the top wall (without any substrate tilt) of the reactor can significantly reduce the secondary roll cell formation and should lead to more uniform deposition.
Multilingual communication in electronic meetings

Numerous studies have demonstrated how Group Support Systems (GSS) are superior in many cases to traditional, oral meetings. These electronic meeting systems typically provide participants with parallel communication (all group members can exchange typed comments simultaneously), automated record keeping (all comments are stored on a disk file), and anonymity (no participant can tell where comments originated).The use of the systems has become widespread; one leading GSS product, GroupSystems, is used on every continent except Antarctica [5]. However, most GSS research has been based upon groups using English [6]. Some GSS studies have been conducted in other countries, but it is not always clear what language was used in the meetings. Although English is used in many locations throughout the world, most people prefer to use their native language when communicating. Meeting participants using other languages can benefit from the use of a GSS. Further, combining a GSS with automatic translation can yield an order of magnitude increase in the productivity of multilingual groups.
Outflow-Infall Interactions in Early Star Formation and Their Impact on the Mass-assembling Process in L1228

New high-resolution molecular line and continuum millimeter interferometer observations of the environment within 104?AU of the low-mass protostar IRAS 20582+7724, in the L1228 dark cloud, enable a detailed study of the molecular outflow near the protostellar source, the circumstellar envelope, and the outflow-envelope interaction. In 12CO and 13CO maps a wide-angle molecular outflow has been imaged to within less than 1000 AU of the 2.7?mm continuum emission associated with IRAS 20582+7724. The morphology and kinematics are consistent with entrainment of the gas by an underlying wind that has both a wide-angle and a collimated component. The HCO+ (1-0), HNC (1-0), and CS (2-1) lines are sensitive to infall motions and trace an elongated circumstellar envelope perpendicular to the outflow axis. Together the morphology, kinematics, and energetics of both the outflow and infalling circumstellar envelope suggest that the outflow has excavated wide-angle cavities in the envelope and thereby constrained the infall region to a limited volume outside the outflow lobes. In the IRAS 20582+7724 system, outflow-envelope interactions evidently have an important effect on the mass-assembling process. In addition, our multimolecular line data show that the outflow has affected the chemical composition of the gaseous environment surrounding the protostar, through the shock enhancement of different molecular species.
Serum albumin: a marker for morbidity in peritoneal dialysis patients.

This study was designed to determine if the serum albumin is a marker for morbidity or mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The impact of a low serum albumin on the risk of hospitalization, peritonitis, or death was examined in 71 patients. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, age, and the presence or absence of diabetes were also examined. In independent analyses, the serum albumin was lower (32.7 ± 5.6 v 36.3 ± 4.3 g/L, P v 7%, P v 0.7 ± 1.3, P
Effect of Bathymetric Curvature on Gulf Stream Instability in the Vicinity of the Charleston Bump

Abstract The effect of the isobathic curvature on the development and evolution of Gulf Stream frontal waves (meanders and eddies) in the vicinity of the Charleston Bump (a topographic rise on the upper slope off Charleston, South Carolina; referred to as CB hereinafter) is studied using the Hybrid-Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Baroclinic and barotropic energy transfers from the Gulf Stream to its meanders and eddies that appear as cold and warm anomalies are computed for four different cases. In case I, the curvature of the isobaths is artificially reduced and the CB is removed from the bathymetry. In this simulation, the simulated Gulf Stream meanders were barely noticeable in the study region. Energy transfer from the Gulf Stream to meanders and eddies was negligible. In case II, the curvature of the isobaths was the same as in case I, but a bump of the scale of the CB was added to the bathymetry. In this simulation, Gulf Stream meanders were amplified while passing over the CB. In case III, the CB w...
Molecular structures of protonated and mercurated derivatives of thimerosal.

The carboxylate oxygen of thimerosal, [(ArCO2)SHgEt]Na, is subject to facile electrophilic attack by H+ and [HgEt]+ to give (ArCO2H)SHgEt and [(ArCO2HgEt)SHgEt]2, respectively. X-Ray diffraction demonstrates that (ArCO2H)SHgEt exists as a hydrogen bonded dimer in the solid state whereas [(ArCO2HgEt)SHgEt]2 is tetranuclear, with the mercury centers being connected by bridging carboxylate groups. 1H NMR spectroscopic studies indicate that the form of the 199Hg satellites of the ethyl group of (ArCO2H)SHgEt are dependent on the magnetic field, such that the inner pair of CH2 and CH3 satellites appear as a singlet at 400 MHz, as a consequence of 2JHg–H and 3JHg–H having opposite signs and the difference in chemical shifts of the central CH2 and CH3groups being equal to ½{|2JHg–H−3JHg–H|}.
Steady-State Serum Concentration of Alpha Tocopherol Not Altered by Supplementation With Oral Beta Carotene

Background The antioxidants beta carotene and vitamin E may play a role in cancer prevention. However, some studies have suggested that oral supplements of beta carotene may cause a decrease in serum levels of alpha tocopherol (vitamin E). Purpose We conducted this study to determine if beta carotene supplements affect serum levels of vitamin E and vice versa. Methods Five hundred five patients in a clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins, used to prevent recurrences of colonic polyps, received either a placebo, 25 mg of beta carotene per day, 1 g ascorbic acid plus 400 mg alpha tocopherol per day, or all three agents combined. Serum levels of beta carotene and vitamin E were measured before and after 9 months of supplementation, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results Vitamin E levels changed very little among the groups receiving placebo or beta carotene and went up substantially and equally in the groups receiving vitamin E plus ascorbic acid or all three agents together. Conversely, beta carotene levels changed very little for the groups receiving placebo or ascorbic acid plus vitamin E but went up substantially and equally for the groups receiving beta carotene alone or all three agents. Conclusions We conclude that oral supplementation with beta carotene for 9 months does not alter serum concentration of vitamin E and that supplementation with vitamin E plus ascorbic acid does not alter serum beta carotene levels.
Foam rubber modeling of the El centro terminal substation building

Abstract Results from a layered foam rubber model of soil and the structure (3‐D) of the El Centro Terminal Substation building, site of the well known recording of the 1940 El Centro earthquake, indicate that the response of the foundation for frequencies above 4 Hz is as much as a factor of 3 lower than the free‐field response amplitude. To validate the modeling technique with sample structure, we use the formulation for calculating theoretical responses of Wong and Luco (1977). Two‐dimensional computer model results by Shannon and Wilson, Inc. and Agbabian Associates (1980), gave a response amplitude in the building about a factor of 2 lower than the response amplitude of the free‐field for frequencies above 1.5 Hz. Foam rubber modeling shows that at higher frequencies most of the reduction in response is due to the energy being scattered by the shape of the rigid foundation rather than its inertial mass. Under the assumption that most of the energy was vertically incident SH, the free‐field peak accel...
Generalized halfspaces in dimension groups

Abstract In a dimension group, the projection of a finite intersection of generalized halfspaces is a finite intersection of generalized halfspaces. The dimension groups obeying a stronger version of this result, true in dense Archimedean ordered groups, are characterized algebraically and provided with a simple set of axioms.
Editorial: protean effects of IL-10 include skin self-defense.

Discussion on how donor IL-10 production is essential for acceptance of syngeneic murine skin isografts.
Ontogenetic dietary information of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) assessed using stable isotope analysis

We used stable carbon ( 13 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N) isotopes to examine ontogenetic dietary changes in 289 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus )a t San Miguel Island, California during 2004–2007. Tissues analyzed included fur, red
Effects of daytime running lights on multiple-vehicle daylight crashes in the United States

Involvements in multiple-vehicle daylight crashes in nine states over 4 years were analyzed for a group of passenger cars and light trucks equipped with automatic daytime running lights. On average, these vehicles were involved in 3.2% fewer multiple-vehicle crashes than vehicles without daytime running lights (P = 0.0074).
Graphene. Phonons behaving badly.

Raman spectroscopy experiments show that the interaction between electrons and phonons in graphene resembles the Dirac fermion–photon coupling in quantum electrodynamics.
Performance Characteristics of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures Modified by Waste Toner

Every year, a tremendous amount of toner is produced for copiers and printers by toner manufacturing companies throughout the United States. Some of this toner does not meet quality specifications and becomes a waste of the manufacturing process. This waste and the spent toner from copiers and printer cartridges are dumped in landfills for lack of a better way of utilizing them. A cooperative research project was undertaken by Texas Department of Transportation and the University of Texas to investigate the feasibility and potential benefits of utilizing waste toner in hot mix asphalt concrete. The research program included procurement of a number of different waste toners, blending them with asphalt cement at different ratios, and evaluating binder and mixture properties. The results indicated that as the amount of waste toner in the blend increases, the stiffness and viscosity of the modified binder increase. The mixture analysis also indicates higher strength and stability for toner-modified asphalt co...
Engineering the dielectric function of plasmonic lattices

We have systematically measured e(ω) of subwavelength aperture arrays fabricated in metal films as a function of aperture size and incidence angle using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. This approach simultaneously yields both the real and imaginary e(ω) components, enabling deeper insight into the underlying mechanism of the ‘enhanced optical transmission’ (EOT) phenomenon. For random aperture arrays we find that e(ω) has a plasma response, with an effective plasma frequency that is determined by the waveguide mode cutoff frequency of the individual apertures. However e(ω) in plasmonic lattices is strongly modulated at discrete resonant frequencies that correspond to the reciprocal vectors in the structure factor that are superposed on the plasma envelope response and appear as dips in the EOT spectrum. The existence of a sum rule for the discrete resonance oscillator strengths when the aperture size or incidence angle are changed validates our approach and allows for engineering of the individual resonances in the EOT spectrum.
Wife abuse versus marital violence: Different terminologies, explanations, and solutions.

The article examines feminist, social-learning, and family therapy approaches to wife abuse. Explanations for abusive behavior as well as treatment strategies are related to whether one focuses on the societal norms that legitimize family violence and permit wife abuse, characteristics of the individual batterers, or the interpersonal relationships that serve as the context for the violence. Resulting interventions are either individually oriented and directed to batterers or victims, or else couple-focused and concerned with the family. The article reviews this theoretical controversy, summarizes information on explanatory factors for wife abuse, and describes both gender-specific and conjoint treatment options. Similarities and differences between the theoretical perspectives are explored, as well as ways in which each approach can inform and benefit the other. The goal is to heighten awareness of the problem of wife abuse, as distinct from other marital problems in terms of legal, medical, ethical, and treatment ramifications.
EXHAUSTION OF GEOMAGNETICALLY TRAPPED RADIATION

The amount of matter that must be injected into belts of geomagnetically trapped radiation in order to lower the radiation levels is estimated. Two mechanisms are available for this purpose: the elastic scattering of particles into paths that will intersect the atmosphere before mirroring and the removal of the particles' energy by ionization and excitation. (C.E.S.)
Effect of metal chelating agents on the storage of norepinephrine in vitro by cerebral synaptic vesicles.

Abstract The inhibitory effects of fourteen different metal chelating agents on the storage in vitro of [ 3 H] dl -norepinephrine (NE) by the isolated synaptic vesicles from rat brain were investigated with a view to explore the possible importance of metal chelation phenomena. The chelators under examination belong to the classes of polyamines, aminocarboxylic and hydroxy carboxylic acids exhibiting a wide range of metal-binding strengths. Values of ic 50 , viz., the amount of the chelator which will inhibit 50 per cent of the storage of [ 3 H] dl -NE, were determined for the different compounds. The strengths of chelate formation of the “synaptosomal and vesicular metal ions”, viz. Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ , with the above compounds were compared with their inhibition in vitro of the vesicular storage of [ 3 H] dl -NE in order to determine if a correlation existed between the two. On the basis of regression analyses of the data on the stabilities of the individual metal chelates (log K ML ) and the inhibitory effects of the different chelators (log ic 50 /NE), significant correlation coefficients were obtained with the Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ amine systems, i.e. 0.98 with P 2+ gave the most satisfactory correlation coefficient, i.e. 0.91, P
On UAV routing protocols for sparse sensor data exfiltration

The problem addressed in this paper is data exfiltration from a collection of sensors that are unable to establish ad-hoc communication due to their widespread deployment, geographical constraints, and power considerations. Sensor data is exfiltrated by one or more uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) that act as data mules by visiting each sensor in order to establish a communication link. In many applications, the sequence in which the UAVs visit the sensors can have large impact on the overall performance because some sensors have more informative data than others and because distant nodes take a long time to visit. One such application that we will focus on in this paper is the acoustic source localization problem in which the objective is to localize the source of a transient acoustic event as quickly as possible. We introduce two protocols, ACM and TTM, based on receding horizon optimization of the volume of the Cramer-Rao uncertainty ellipsoid and show significant performance benefits over several other routing protocols using a high-fidelity online simulation environment.
Chronic 1α,25-(OH)2vitamin D3 treatment reduces Ca2+-mediated hippocampal biomarkers of aging

Abstract Aging in the hippocampus of several species is characterized by alterations in multiple Ca 2+ -mediated processes, including an increase in L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (L-VGCC) current, an enhanced Ca 2+ -dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP), impaired synaptic plasticity and elevated Ca 2+ transients. Previously, we found that 1α,25-dihydoxyvitamin D 3 (1,25VitD), a major Ca 2+ regulating hormone, down-regulates L-VGCC expression in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we tested whether in vivo treatment of aged F344 rats with 1,25VitD would reverse some of the Ca 2+ -mediated biomarkers of aging seen in hippocampal CA1 neurons. As previously reported, L-VGCC currents and the AHP were larger in aged than in young neurons. Treatment with 1,25VitD over 7 days decreased L-VGCC activity in aged rats, as well as the age-related increase in AHP amplitude and duration. In addition, reduced L-VGCC activity was correlated with reduced AHPs in the same animals. These data provide direct evidence that 1,25VitD can regulate multiple Ca 2+ -dependent processes in neurons, with particular impact on reducing age-related changes associated with Ca 2+ dysregulation. Thus, these results may have therapeutic implications and suggest that 1,25VitD, often taken to maintain bone health, may also retard some consequences of brain aging.
Disk Topography Metrology for Addressing Head-Disk Interface Challenges

A new technology for topography metrology of bare glass, metal substrate and finished media is presented. The capabilities of this technology relative to other methods and how it addresses requirements for advanced head-disk interface (UDI) challenges is discussed.