cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Flow Behavior of Highly Entangled Polybutadiene Solutions

Strong flow behavior of entangled polymer solutions is investigated to illustrate a correlation between linear viscoelastic properties and interfacial slip flow behavior. It is found that entangled polybutadiene (PBD) solutions (made of 1,4-PBD and oligomeric BD of varying vinyl contents) exhibit an interfacial stick−slip transition at a critical stress about one-third of their plateau modulus. The magnitude of the transition, as quantified by the extrapolation length b, depends strongly on the level of chain entanglement which is determined by the concentration φ and reflected in the magnitude of the solution viscosity η. Analogous to the case of polymer melts, the experimental data reveal the same molecular weight dependence for b as that for η measured at a constant stress. The φ dependence of b is universal in the sense that its scaling behavior b ∝ φ 3 holds independently of temperature and the vinyl content of oligomeric BD solvent. The φ dependence of η is however more complicated because it depend...
409 Laboratory Monitoring of Cell-Mediated Immunity and Cytokines in Cardiac Transplant Recipients for Prediction of Infection Episodes

minormismatched model identified a clear population of graft-specific CD4 T lymphocytes. This application represents the first such identification of antigen-specific lymphocytes in a normal polyclonal immune system and demonstrates simultaneous generation of inflammatory and suppressive components of the allograft response. The suppressive signals that occur naturally in the graft tissue are potential therapeutic targets for prevention of late rejection.
Automatic Toolpath Generation for Multi-Axis Surface Machining in a Hybrid Manufacturing System

In a multi-axis hybrid manufacturing system, it is necessary to utilize a machining process to improve surface accuracy and guarantee overall geometry after the deposition process. Due to the complexity of the multi-axis system, it is necessary to find proper orientations of cutting tools for the CNC machine to finish surface machining. This paper presents an algorithm to find collision-free surface machining toolpath for a given workpiece. The concept of the 2-D visibility map and its properties are discussed. The algorithm to compute the 2-D visibility map is presented. With the help of the 2-D visibility map, an optimal a collision free tool approaching direction can be easily decided. Also the type of the surface machining toolpath for different types of surfaces is decided based on topological information and the machining toolpath (CL data for milling tool). The developed planning scheme has been tested via machine simulations and has shown that it can be effectively applied to cutter-path generation for multi-axis surface machining.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mathematical Description of Trout‐Stream Fisheries

Abstract A mathematical model of trout-stream fisheries was developed that can be used to evaluate a variety of fishing regulations. Density-dependent mortality was found in the first 2 years of life for each of the two brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and three brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations studied in Michigan. Regression equations were used to describe the density-dependent relationships for modeling purposes. Equations were developed that used mortality, growth, and length-frequency information to calculate the number of fish in a population, number caught and harvested, number caught and released, number of deaths due to hooking mortality, number of natural deaths, and number recruited for any time period and age-group. Also, addition of a length-weight regression allowed equations to be developed for calculating yield in weight harvested, yield in weight caught and released, and gross biomass production for any time period and age-group. Effects of imposing different types of length limit...
Pseudophosphorylated prolactin (S179D PRL) inhibits growth and promotes β-casein gene expression in the rat mammary gland

We have investigated the individual roles of unmodified prolactin (U-PRL) and a mimic of phosphorylated PRL (S179D PRL) in mammary development. Recombinant versions of the PRLs were delivered to rats throughout pregnancy at a rate of 6 µg/24 h per rat and to non-pregnant females at a rate of 24 µg/24 h per rat. Measurement of progesterone, corticosterone, and estradiol showed no effect of the administered PRLs on the levels of these other mammotropic hormones. Histological and morphometric analysis showed U-PRL to cause mammary growth, whereas S179D PRL inhibited growth . Molecular analysis demonstrated decreased β-casein expression in the mammary glands of the U-PRL-treated animals at term and increased β-casein expression in the mammary glands of the S179D PRL-treated animals. Superior β-casein gene expression in response to S179D PRL versus U-PRL was confirmed in HC11 cells. We conclude that U-PRL is important for growth, whereas S179D PRL promotes at least one measure of differentiated function in the mammary gland.
SNEX: Semianalytic solution of the one-dimensional discrete ordinates transport equation with diamond differenced angular fluxes

SNEX fournit une solution numerique aux equations a ordonnees discretes monoenergetiques dans les applications de transport de particules chargees et neutres, de plasma, en hydrodynamique, en transfert radiatif
Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the superior cervical ganglion

Abstract We studied the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. Ganglia were preincubated with [32P]Pi and were then incubated in non-radioactive medium containing a variety of agents that are known to activate tyrosine hydroxylase in this tissue. Tyrosine hydroxylase was isolated from homogenates of the ganglia by immunoprecipitation followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 32P-labelled tyrosine hydroxylase was visualized by radioautography, and the incorporation of 32P into the enzyme was quantitated by densitometry of the autoradiograms. Veratridine produced a concentration-dependent increase in the incorporation of 32P into tyrosine hydroxylase, with 50 μM veratridine producing a 5-fold increase in 32P incorporation. The nicotinic agonist, dimethylphenylpiperazinium (100 μM), caused a 7-fold increase in the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase. The effect of dimethylphenylpiperazinium was maximal within 1 min and decreased upon continued exposure of the ganglia to this agent. The actions of dimethylphenylpiperazinium and of veratridine were dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Muscarine, 8-Br-cAMP, forskolin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, isoproterenol, deoxycholate and phospholipase C also stimulated the incorporation of 32P into tyrosine hydroxylase. These data support the hypothesis that phosphorylation plays a role in activation of tyrosine hydroxylase produced by all of these agents.
Brownian motion friction parameter of an ion near a metal surface

Abstract We derive and evaluate a pertubative expression for the friction parameter of a Brownian motion formalism. Our model system consists of a single massive ion near the surface of an electron gas. The relation of this friction parameter to recently calculated dynamical corrections to the image potential is clarified.
Counseling Lesbian, Bisexual, and Gay Persons in Couple and Family Relationships: Overcoming the Stereotypes

Eighteen stereotypes that affect gay, lesbian, and bisexual clients are listed. Each stereotype is addressed in terms of the issues and questions raisedfor couple and family counseling.
Spectroscopic evidence for a continuous change in molecular and crystal structure: deformation of biphenyl in the low temperature solid

Abstract A Raman temperature study of biphenyl- h 10 and biphenyl- d 10 crystals reveals an unusual spectral change over a wide temperature region. Many internal and external infrared-active modes appear gradually as the temperature is lowered from about 75 to 15°K. We interpret this as a mild and gradual change in both crystal and molecular structure: a loss of center of inversion, probably involving the partial return of the molecule to its non-planar shape (D 2 ) in the vapor phase.
Pancreas Graft Loss Caused by Intra-abdominal Infection: A Risk Factor for a Subsequent Pancreas Retransplantation

Objective: To investigate whether previous pancreas graft loss caused by intra-abdominal infection is a risk factor for a subsequent pancreas retransplantation. Design: Retrospective case-series analysis. Setting: Large university hospital. Patients: Of 97 pancreatic retransplantations (July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1994), 13 (13%) were performed after previous pancreas grafts had been lost because of intra-abdominal infection. Main Outcome Measures: Cause of retransplant graft loss; patient survival. Results: Of 13 cases of pancreatic retransplantations performed after previous grafts had been lost because of intra-abdominal infection, 12 (92%) were again complicated by intra-abdominal infection. Of these 12 retransplantation infections, 10 were caused by the same microbial species that had caused failure of the previous graft 1 to 5 years earlier (8 required graft pancreatectomy [mortality rate, 25%], and 2 were successfully treated) and 2 were caused by different microbial species (both required graft pancreatectomy [mortality rate, 0%]). In 1 of the 13 retransplantations, prophylactic antimicrobial treatment was directed at the microbial species that had caused failure of the previous graft; no recurrent intra-abdominal infection developed. Conclusions: Intra-abdominal infection after a previous pancreas transplantation is a risk factor for recurrence of infection by the same microbial species after a subsequent retransplantation. For the selected patients who are considered for retransplantation in spite of their previous graft loss caused by intra-abdominal infection, periretransplantation antimicrobial prophylaxis should include a prolonged course of an agent directed against the previously identified microbial species. Arch Surg. 1996;131:1054-1060
Capital structure, investment unanimity, and public goods: the case for social responsibility

Abstract This paper examines the concepts of optimal capital structure and investment in an economy where government’s role is the provision of a public good. That public good is financed through current tax revenues and the sale of government securities. Absent such complications, traditional finance theory has established the equivalence among (competitive) value maximization, unanimity, and Pareto optimality. In the setting of this paper, however, the market value of government securities is not determined by the value of public good production, and the correspondence between value maximization, Parto optimality, and unanimity will not generally hold without significant restrictions on the tax structure. Otherwise, value maximization is neither an optimal nor unanimously supported objective for the firm.
Synthesis of coordinatively saturated complex fluoro cations

Abstract Only three coordinatively saturated complex fluoro cations, ClF 6 + , BrF 6 + and NF 4 + are presently known. Their syntheses are difficult since the corresponding parent molecules do not exist. The presently known methods for their syntheses are discussed and include recent results from our laboratory on the preparation of ClF 6 SbF 6 , ClF 6 AsF 6 , ClF 6 BF 4 and NF 4 + salts using the KrF + cation as the oxidative fluorinator. A unifying concept is proposed for all known reactions leading to the syntheses of coordinatively saturated complex fluoro cations.
Die Wahl der Trägergasgeschwindigkeit bei der Analyse von Mehrkomponenten-Gemischen

Die Wahl der mittleren, linearen Tragergasgeschwindigkeit bei der Analyse von Mehrkomponentengemischen unter isothermen und temperaturprogrammierten Bedingungen wird diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, das stets eine Tragergasgeschwindigkeit gewahlt werden sollte, die mindestens gleich, besser jedoch hoher ist, als die optimale Gasgeschwindigkeit fur den ersten Peak, gemessen bei der Starttemperatur (Temperaturprogramm) oder bei der eingestellten Ofentemperatur (isotherme Fahrweise).
Aggregation of Tetraaryl-Substituted Porphyrins in Homogeneous Solution

Electronic absorption, fluorescence and fluorescence excitation spectra, and vibrational Raman spectra of selected homogeneous solution phase, free-base tetraaryl-substituted porphyrinsspecifically, tetraphenylporphine (TPPH2), tetra(p-pyridyl)porphine (TPyPH2), tetra(p-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyPH2), tetra(p-carboxylphenyl)porphine (TCPPH2), and tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TSPPH2)as well as their protonated diacids are acquired and analyzed. N-protonation induces a structural change in which the free-base porphyrin is converted from a configuration in which the aryl moiety is twisted relative to the macrocycle plane to one in which it is nearly coplanar, thus promoting aggregation. However, spectroscopic investigations of the tetraaryl-substituted porphyrins reveal that coplanarity, although necessary, is insufficient for aggregation to occur. Also required is that the doubly protonated porphyrin have a net zero charge, i.e., be zwitterionic. The structural alignments of monomers in tetraaryl-s...
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Prosthetic Hands to Simultaneously Prevent Slip and Minimize Deformation of Grasped Objects

Adaptive sliding mode and integral sliding mode grasped object slip prevention controllers are implemented for a prosthetic hand and compared to a proportional derivative shear force feedback slip prevention controller as well as a sliding mode controller without slip prevention capabilities. Slip of grasped objects is detected by band-pass filtering the shear force derivative to amplify high frequency vibrations that occur as the grasped object slides relative to the fingers. The integral sliding mode slip prevention controller provides a robust design framework for slip prevention while addressing the issue of reducing the amount of deformation that the grasped object experiences to prevent slip. Averaged results from bench top experiments show that the integral sliding mode slip prevention controller produces the least amount of deformation to the grasped object while simultaneously preventing the object from being dropped.
The definition of two I antigen components

. The I blood group antigen has two main components named IFetal (IF) and IDeveloped (Id). The IF component is present on all human red cells including those of icord and iadult persons, and also on Rhesus monkey red cells. The ID component develops slowly on the red cells before birth and to a greater extent in the 18 months after birth. Inhibition studies with human milk show that strongly-inhibitable anti-I sera are of the anti-ID variety, but only a minority of such sera are inhibitable. Comparative studies on the red cells of 12 newborn infants suggest that the same sequence of I antigen development occurs in them all, but different infants vary in the amount of I development that they have achieved at the time of birth. I antigen variants affect mainly the ID component, and it is this part of the antigen that may be weakened on the red cells of people with leukemia.
L-shell X-ray production cross sections for 0.5–2.5 MeV Be+ ions incident upon selected elements from Z = 29 to 47

Abstract L-shell X-ray production cross sections are reported for 49Be+ ions incident upon thin 29Cu, 30Zn, 32Ge, 35Br, 40Zr, an targets. Incident beam energies range from 0.5–2.5 MeV. The results are compared to the predictions of the first Born and ECPSSR theories. The first Born theory overpredicts the data everywhere, especially at high energies, while the ECPSSR theory tends to underpredict the data at low energies and accurately predict the data at high energies. The low energy discrepancy may be due to multiple ionization effects on the fluorescence yields used to convert the total ionization to X-ray production cross sections.
A conceptual framework for runoff generation in a permafrost environment

Hillslope runoff processes were studied in the tundra region of the Canadian western arctic in order to provide a physically-based, conceptual framework for runoff generation for basins in this environment. It was found that subsurface flow is the dominant mechanism of runoff to the stream channel, that this flow is conveyed predominantly through the peat of the inter-hummock channels, and that subsurface flow through the highly conductive upper peat layer and soil pipes can be as rapid as surface flow. Stream discharge was computed from computations of hillslope runoff and meltwater input from the snowpack in the stream channel. The similarity between the computed and measured stream discharge suggests that the approach used to compute discharge would be useful as a conceptual basis for a distributed hydrological model for this environment. Hydrological interaction among the basin subsystems was found to play an important role in runoff generation. For example, when the water table was in the highly conductive upper peat layer, and discharge from inter-hummock channels was relatively large (∼0.1-1.0 m 3 d -1 ), the near-stream area, a zone of relatively thick peat, offered little attenuation to water draining toward the stream channel, and the source area for stream flow was relatively large. The duration of this high flow regime varied among hillsides due to variations in the width of the near-stream area, the gradient, length and inclination of hillslopes, and the water equivalent and melt rate of the snowpack. When the water table subsided into the lower peat layer, and discharge from inter-hummock channels decreased ( <0.1 m 3 d -1 ), the runoff source area was relatively small. Under this condition, if drainage into the near-stream area increased, the lateral expansion of the runoff source area would be delayed due to the relatively large storage capacity near the stream.
The cellular response to DNA damage induced by the enediynes C-1027 and neocarzinostatin includes hyperphosphorylation and increased nuclear retention of replication protein a (RPA) and trans inhibition of DNA replication.

This study examined the cellular response to DNA damage induced by antitumor enediynes C-1027 and neocarzinostatin. Treatment of cells with either agent induced hyperphosphorylation of RPA32, the m...
The Relationship between Management Control System Usage and Planned Change Achievement: An Exploratory Study

Abstract Although the relevance of management control systems to successful change achievement has been conceptually acknowledged, empirical matters such as measuring the contribution of control systems to effective change implementation lack practical investigation. Using data obtained from managers in 22 organizations, we explore the extent to which managers believe their management control systems are employed when implementing planned change. Relationships between commonly employed management controls and implementation success are also estimated. Results indicated that managers used management control systems less extensively than other elements of change process, although usage of control systems increased with implementation. A strong relationship was found between the use of control systems based on outcomes monitoring and implementation success. However, there was no significant relationship between the use of behavior-based controls and implementation success. Overall, the findings suggest that ...
Effects of Callous–Unemotional Traits on the Association Between Parenting and Child Conduct Problems

The current study investigated whether and how callous–unemotional traits (CU) moderated the association between specific parenting practices and child conduct problems (CP) with a special consideration of informant patterns. Associations between CU, ODD and CD symptom severity, and the parenting practices of deficient monitoring, positive involvement, and negative/ineffective discipline were examined across parent and teacher reports on 851 elementary-school students. Relative to children with low CU, in children with high CU: (1) positive parenting was associated with lower CD, but increased ODD; (2) negative/ineffective discipline was associated with increased ODD; (3) deficient monitoring was associated with increased CD. Results were not robust across informants. These findings suggest that in the context of CU, the associations between parenting and CP differ based on parenting characteristics, CP dimensions, and informant, and that families may benefit from treatment targeting specific parenting practices based on CP symptom profiles.
Using robust optimization to play against an imperfect opponent

Traditional game theory is based on the assumption that the opponent is a perfect reasoner and all payoff information is available. Based on this assumption, game theory recommends to estimate the quality of each possible strategy by its worst possible consequences. In real-life, opponents are often not perfect and payoff information is often not exact. If the only disadvantage of some action is that an unusually clever opponent can find a complicated way to counter it, then this action may be a perfect recommendation for a play against a normal (not unusually clever) opponent. In other words, to estimate the quality of each move, instead of a normal minimum of possible consequences, we must consider the robust minimum that takes into consideration the fact that some of the consequences will never occur to the normal opponent. We show that in a reasonable statistical setting, this idea leads to the class of OWA operators. It turns out that playing against an imperfect opponent is not only a more realistic strategy, it is also often a simpler one: e.g., for the simplest game for which playing against a perfect opponent is computationally intractable (NP-hard), playing against an imperfect opponent is computationally feasible.
Child psychopathology and deviant family hierarchies

The association between child psychopathology and reversals in family hierarchies (where the child is seen as equal or higher in the hierarchy than the parental figures) were examined with the Madanes Family Hierarchy Test on a sample of 177 clinic-referred boys. Madanes' original findings of the association of substance use and deviant family hierarchy were replicated in this younger sample, (age 7 to 12). Boys diagnosed with Conduct Disorder reported significantly more deviant hierarchies while boys diagnosed with Overanxious Disorder reported significantly fewer deviant hierarchies. Follow-up results revealed some instability and lack of informant agreement, but the hierarchy measure was not confounded by age, race, SES, IQ, or parents' marital status.
Scattering of plane strain P and S waves by rigid inclusions: an iterative approximation

Abstract Near field solutions are presented for the scattering of plane strain P and S waves by fixed and movable rigid inclusions. Singular integral equations with a matrix Green's function define the problem and are solved iteratively. Results for a circular geometry are compared with exact solutions. The boundary displacements and stresses are found to be in good agreement for up to ka ⩽ 1 (k = wave number, a = radius of circle) while exceptionally good agreement is observed for the global displacement and rotation of rigid inclusions for a wide range of wave numbers.
Approach to the patient with resistance to thyroid hormone and pregnancy.

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), a syndrome of reduced end-organ responsiveness to thyroid hormone (TH), is mostly caused by mutations in the TH receptor (TR) β gene. Diagnosis is based on persistent elevations of serum free T4 and often T3 levels in the absence of TSH suppression, and confirmation in most cases is by way of genetic testing. The mainstay in the management of RTH patients who are asymptomatic is to recognize the correct diagnosis and avoid antithyroid treatment. Deciding whether to manage these patients with TH replacement is made even more challenging when an affected individual is pregnant. How one approaches such a patient with pregnancy and RTH would depend on the genotype of the fetus. This requires obtaining prenatal information on the genotype of the fetus and a thorough history of the outcome of previous pregnancies as well as a history of the course and outcome of other family members with RTH. If the TRβ mutation is known in the mother, the fetus can be rapidly genotyped from DNA from amniocentesis for the same mutation, and then management decisions could be made regarding thyroid or antithyroid hormone treatment.
Structure and conformation of linear peptides

The crystal structure of a dipeptide tert-butyloxycarbonyl-l-alanylglycine monohydrate (C10H18N2O5·H2O), molecular weight 264, has been determined. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21, with a= 10.767(1), b= 6.317(1), c= 10.981(2) A, β= 109.15(2)°, and Z= 2, Dc= 1.24 g cm−3. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to 3 final R-index of 0.045 for 856 reflections (sin θ/λ 2 σ. The N-terminus of the molecule blocked with the t-Boc group is uncharged and the C-terminus exists in an unionized state. The peptide unit is trans and shows slight deviations from planarity. (Δω= 3.1°). The peptide backbone is folded, with torsion angles of φ1= -76.0(5), ψ1= 164.3(4), ω1= 176.9(5), φ2= 116.1(5), ψ21= - 2.8(7) and ψ22= 177.8(4)°. The conformation about the urethane bond (C5–N1) is trans. The urethane group is essentially planar. The conformation of the boc group is trans–trans.
Models for induction machines with magnetic saturation of the main flux path

A novel nonlinear pi -model for an induction machine operating in magnetic saturation has been developed. It is based on a magnetic circuit model of a rotor-stator tooth pair, with nonlinear elements representing the saturation in the rotor and in the stator. The model of a tooth pair is extended to a model of the machine by assuming an infinite number of infinitesimal teeth. The model is compatible with the Blondel-Park transformation. Experimental measurements on a wound rotor machine confirm the model. Operating conditions for optimal efficiency at high torque levels requiring operation in saturation are computed with the model. >
The power of 10: rules for developing safety-critical code

Existing coding guidelines therefore offer limited benefit, even for critical applications. A verifiable set of well-chosen coding rules could, however, assist in analyzing critical software components for properties that go well beyond compliance with the set of rules itself. To be effective, though, the set of rules must be small, and it must be clear enough that users can easily understand and remember it. In addition, the rules must be specific enough that users can check them thoroughly and mechanically. To put an upper bound on the number of rules, the set is restricted to no more than 10 rules that will provide an effective guideline. Although such a small set of rules cannot be all-encompassing, following it can achieve measurable effects on software reliability and verifiability
Joint time and space regularization for the inverse problem of electrocardiography

The authors attempt to characterize cardiac electrical activity based on non-invasive measurements on the torso surface and knowledge of body geometry. This problem is ill-conditioned and requires regularization. The authors present a new method for estimating the regularization parameter and a new method for using both temporal and spatial constraints in the regularization simultaneously. >
The Relationship between Prolapsing Mitral Leaflet Syndrome and Angina and Normal Coronary Arteriograms

Patients with a prolapsing mitral leaflet frequently have chest pain while their coronary arteriograms are normal. In this regard, these patients are similar to the group of patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms. In the present study, clinical, electrocardiographic, cardiac hemodynamic, angiographic, and metabolic findings in 20 patients with a prolapsing mitral leaflet were compared to those of 16 patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms. Except for the presence of mitral leaflet prolapse and systolic clicks, the findings were similar in both groups. We postulate that prolapsing mitral leaflet is probably related to two different mechanisms. In one the primary pathologic change is in the mitral valve (mainly myxomatous transformation), and the abnormalities of ventricular contraction are secondary to unloading of the heart because of a volume shift into the distended and enlarged mitral leaflets. In the other group, the primary pathologic change is in the myocardium, with secondary prolapse of the mitral valve. The myocardial abnormality itself is probably related to primary underlying myocardial disease or to arteriolar pathologic changes. The latter group has probably the same pathophysiologic abnormality as patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms.
Alcoholics Initial Expectancies of and Attitudes toward Treatment

In one study, 100 poor inner-city alcoholics were asked about their expectancies of the counselor's behavior in an initial interview. The majority expected a medically oriented, supportive, active interviewer who asked them about emotional issues. Eighty percent reported a disconfirmation of at least one expectancy postinterview. In a second study, patient's receptivity to treatment was assessed. That sample was found to accept the need for treatment and to have confidence in the counseling process as well as to be moderately tolerant of the stigma of being alcoholic and interpersonally open. Neither the degree of expectancy disconfirmation or receptivity to treatment predicted patient's subsequent clinic attendance in this patient sample.
A prototype video dissemination application over ATM

The authors have developed a prototype interactive video distribution application in an ATM environment to investigate the effectiveness of their open-loop approach to continuous media dissemination. They advocate using a time-driven rather than data-driven presentation approach and layered coding for increasing the statistical multiplexing gain of the network and for efficiently supporting heterogeneous receivers. They present measurements demonstrating that independently-received signal components do not cause significant communication overhead while improving tolerance to rising host system load and network delay and jitter. They also discuss the impact of these techniques on application programming.
A COMPARISON OF IN VIVO CELLULAR RESPONSES TO CS-137 GAMMA RAYS AND 320-KV X RAYS

Research reported here relates to comparing the relative effectiveness of 320-kV X rays compared to Cs-137 gamma rays for two in vivo endpoints in C.B-17 mice after whole-body exposure: (1) cytotoxicity to bone marrow cells and splenocytes evaluated at 24-hours post exposure and (2) bone marrow and spleen reconstitution deficits (repopulation shortfalls) evaluated at 6 weeks post exposure. We show that cytotoxicity dose-response relationships for bone marrow cells and splenocytes are complex, involving negative curvature (decreasing slope as dose increases), presumably implicating a mixed cell population comprised of large numbers of hypersensitive, modestly radiosensitive, and resistant cells. The radiosensitive cells appear to respond with 50% being killed by a dose 1, while for destroying splenocytes it is < 1. In contrast, dose-response relationships for reconstitution deficits in the bone marrow and spleen of C.B-17 mice at 6 weeks after radiation exposure were of the threshold type with gamma rays being more effective in causing reconstitution deficit.
The Neuromodulatory System: A Framework for Survival and Adaptive Behavior in a Challenging World

Biological organisms have the ability to respond quickly to an ever-changing world. Because this adaptability is so critical for survival, all vertebrates have sub-cortical structures, which comprise the neuromodulatory systems, to regulate fundamental behavior and drive decision making in response to environmental events. In the vertebrate, there are separate neuromodulators that respond to threats, reward anticipation, novelty, and attentional effort. However, each of these neuromodulatory systems has a similar effect, that is, to cause an organism to be decisive when environmental conditions call for such actions, and allow the organism to be more exploratory when there are no pressing events. In this article, it is proposed that principles of the neuromodulatory system could provide a framework for controlling artificial agents that may improve current artificial agent behavior. These agents would operate autonomously, effectively explore their environment, and be decisive when environmental conditions call for action.
A Review of: “Researching Mobile Learning: Frameworks, Tools and Research Designs. Vavoula, Giasemi, Norbert, Pachler, and Kukulska-Hulme, Agnes, eds.”

Mobile technology continues to expand and affect professionals' personal and work relationships as more individuals have greater social interactions via mobile devices. This technology affects so m...
Sampling-based planning for discrete spaces

In this paper, we introduce several discrete space search algorithms based on continuous-space motion planning techniques such as rapidly exploring random trees (RRTs) and probabilistic roadmaps (PRMs). We describe methods for adapting these algorithms for discrete use by replacing distance metrics with cost-to-go heuristic estimates and substituting local planners for straight-line connectivity. Finally, we explore coverage and optimality properties of these algorithms in discrete spaces.
Cloud Formation and Destruction

Cloud formation and destruction by processes related to shock fronts, cloud-cloud collisions and condensation instabilities are reviewed. The importance of magnetic fields in increasing the cohesion and cross section for cloud collisions is emphasized. The hierarchical structure of interstellar clouds is considered as a constraint on their possible formation mechanisms.
Efficiency of ternary blends containing fine glass powder in mitigating alkali–silica reaction

Abstract In this study potential synergistic role of a finely ground glass powder in binary and ternary cementitious blends with conventional SCMs such as meta-kaolin, fly ash and slag was evaluated. Strength activity index, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and mortar bar tests were conducted to study the pozzolanic behavior and ASR mitigation ability. The results from this study showed that ternary mixtures consisting of finely ground soda glass with either slag or Class C fly ash out-performed binary mixtures consisting of each of these SCMs at an equivalent dosage level. Binary mixtures consisting of meta-kaolin out-performed ternary mixtures consisting of ground glass powder with meta-kaolin at equivalent dosage level. Among all the binary and ternary mixtures that contained 30% level of SCMs, the maximum strength activity index and the most efficient ASR mitigation was obtained in ternary mixtures consisting of at least 10% glass powder. The results from TGA studies supported these findings.
Internal Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell/energy Storage Hybrid Power Systems

Novel internal PEM fuel cell/energy storage hybrid power systems were fabricated to improve the pulse power output of the system by incorporating supercapacitor element (Ru2O•xH2O) and battery element (CeZrO2) into the catalyst layer of fuel cells. The continual power output of the internal PEM fuel cell/energy storage hybrid power system is similar to the conventional PEM fuel cell. However, the peak power output of the hybrid system was much higher than that of the conventional system.
Intron-containing β-tubulin transcripts in Cryptosporidium parvum cultured in vitro

The genome of Cryptosporidium parvum contains a relatively small number of introns, which includes the beta-tubulin gene with only a single intron. Recently, it was observed that the intron was not removed from some of the beta-tubulin transcripts in the late life cycle stages cultured in vitro. Although normally spliced beta-tubulin mRNA was detected in all parasite intracellular stages by RT-PCR (e.g. HCT-8 or Caco-2 cells infected with C. parvum for 12-72 h), at 48-72 h post-infection unprocessed beta-tubulin transcripts containing intact introns started to appear in parasite mRNA within infected host cells. The intron-containing transcripts could be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using an intron-specific probe. The intron-containing beta-tubulin transcripts appeared unique to the in vitro-cultured C. parvum, since they were not detected in parasite-infected calves at 72 h. As yet, it is unclear whether the late life cycle stages of C. parvum are partially deficient in intron-splicing or the intron-splicing processes have merely slowed, both of which would allow the detection of intron-containing transcripts. Another possible explanation is that the decay in transcript processing might simply be due to the onset of parasite death. Nonetheless, the appearance of intron-containing transcripts coincides with the arrest of C. parvum development in vitro. This unusual observation prompts speculation that the abnormal intron-splicing of beta-tubulin transcripts may be one of the factors preventing complete development of this parasite in vitro. Furthermore, the presence of both processed and unprocessed introns in beta-tubulin transcripts in vitro may provide a venue for studying overall mechanisms for intron-splicing in this parasite.
Contextual Dimensions of the Energy Concept and Implications for Energy Teaching and Learning

There is much consensus in curriculum documents on the content dimensions of the energy concept in K-12 science teaching and learning. It is typically expected that students should develop knowledge and understanding on energy sources, energy forms, energy transfer, energy degradation, and energy conservation. Recent research has showed that developing knowledge and understanding on energy is confounded with contexts. Context is defined as backgrounds (e.g., personal, historical, social, political) in which energy knowledge and understandings are specified in content standards, taught in the classroom and assessed on standardized and other tests. This chapter extends current research on contexts by examining the cultural, social and political contexts of the energy concept. Based on an analysis of contexts associated with energy, this chapter proposes that teaching and learning about energy go beyond the canonical form of knowledge. Specifically, the social cultural contexts of the energy concept suggest that we need to approach energy from civics, history, economics, sociology, and psychology, in addition to science, math, engineering, and technology. Teaching and learning energy should also promote sustainable energy behaviors and attitude. Energy is not a static, nor an isolated concept; it is strongly rooted in society. Energy interacts with culture and politics; teaching and learning about energy should promote an energy worldview and energy civic literacy.
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to tt̄Z production at the LHC

Abstract We present a calculation of the full next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the scattering process p p → t t ¯ Z . This channel will be used to measure the t t ¯ Z electroweak couplings at the Large Hadron Collider. These couplings cannot be directly measured in current experiments. To obtain these results, we utilize a novel, completely numerical approach to performing higher order QCD calculations. We find that for reasonable values of the renormalization and factorization scales the QCD corrections increase the leading order result by 35%, while reducing the theoretical error arising from uncalculated higher order corrections to approximately ±10%.
Demonstrating and Explaining Congressional Abdication: Why Does Congress Abdicate Power?

This article responds to Louis Fisher’s article, Congressional Abdication: War and Spending Powers. Dr. Fisher's provocative article highlights an important issue of constitutional governance. First, and most importantly, it illustrates a potentially grave fault in the framer's design of our governmental structure. By focusing on ways to limit power and to protect against the aggrandizing and encroaching tendencies of the separate branches toward the other branches, the framers seem to have given insufficient attention to the problem of shirking, or "abdication."Second, Dr. Fisher's article provides an opportunity to move beyond the current stalemate in constitutional theories of war powers and to more fully [*1045] appreciate the import of changing congressional responses to presidential assertions of war powers. By characterizing recent congressional behavior as "abdication," Dr. Fisher raises a host of interesting issues about how we are to understand the nature of our republican form of government as we approach the twenty-first century.Finally, by asking "why does Congress abdicate power," Dr. Fisher highlights the complexities associated with current debates in the area of explaining human action. These debates, when placed in the context of war powers, underscore the need for more productive and consistent ways of rendering congressional behavior intelligible. Only then can we devise appropriate incentives to change that behavior. The task is complex and difficult, but we may thank Dr. Fisher for at least putting the issue on the table.
Learning to Map Dependency Parses to Abstract Meaning Representations

Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) is a semantic representation language used to capture the meaning of English sen- tences. In this work, we propose an AMR parser based on dependency parse rewrite rules. This approach transfers dependency parses into AMRs by integrating the syn- tactic dependencies, semantic arguments, named entity and co-reference informa- tion. A dependency parse to AMR graph aligner is also introduced as a preliminary step for designing the parser.
The reversed paradigm of chimerism induction: Donor conditioning with recipient-derived bone marrow cells as a novel approach for tolerance induction in vascularized composite allotransplantation

Purpose To test a new approach of donor conditioning with recipient bone marrow cells (BMC) to induce tolerance in vascularized composite allograft (VCA) transplantation. Methods Lewis rats' (recipients) BMC were stained with PKH-26. The ACI rats (donors) were conditioned with 80 × 106 Lewis BMC, 24 or 72 hours before VCA (groin flap) transplantation. Forty-eight VCA were performed between ACI donors and Lewis recipients. In groups I and II, donors were preconditioned (24 and 72 hours before transplantation, respectively), and recipients received 7-day anti-αβ-TCR/cyclosporine-A post-transplantation. In groups III and IV, donors were preconditioned (24 and 72 hours before transplantation, respectively), and recipients received no systemic immunosuppression. In group V, recipients received 7-day anti-αβ-TCR/cyclosporine-A post-transplantation. In group VI, recipients received no systemic immunosuppression. Assessment included evaluation of transplant viability and induction of donor-specific chimerism via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and PCR. Results Groups III, IV, and VI rejected allografts, at an average of 14 ± 5.2, 10 ± 2.7, and 8 ± 0.7 days. In groups I, II, and V, the mean survival was 80 ± 18.2 (p = 0.0002), 64 ± 27.4 (p = 0.001), and 30 ± 4.7 (p = 0.02) days. In groups I and II, donor-specific chimerism in the blood decreased from 8.8 ± 3.4% and 8.6 ± 3.4% on day 7 to 3.7 ± 1.32% (p = 0.02) and 4.7 ± 2.7% when the flaps manifested grade 3 rejection. The presence of PKH-26+ Lewis BMC was confirmed in the donor's blood, bone marrow, lymphoid organs, and liver (preconditioned at 24 and 72 hours). Conclusions Donor preconditioning is a novel approach modifying recipient's responsiveness to donor allograft and prolonging the allograft survival under short-term immunosuppression. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2016.
Malignant external otitis: a dangerous misnomer?

Review of our experience in treating 16 patients with malignant external otitis, along with survey of the compromised defense mechanisms of diabetic patients, confirms the need for immediate, inten...
Abstract A58: Breast cancer risk estimates from the CARE and GAIL models among black women: Howard University Cancer Center experience

A58 The Gail model has been used to predict invasive breast cancer risk in women using the following risk factors: age, age at menarche, age at first live birth, number of first degree relatives with breast cancer, and number of previous benign breast biopsy examinations. However, this model underestimates breast cancer risk in black women. The Contraceptive and Reproductive Experience (CARE) model has been developed to replace the Gail model in predicting breast cancer risk in black women. Using a sample of 883 black women who were screened for the STAR chemoprevention trial, we compared breast cancer risk estimates from the Gail and CARE models. The mean 5- year breast cancer risk was 0.88% for the Gail model and 1.29% for the CARE model. Using the usual cut-point of 1.67% or above for elevated risk, there is significant difference in the proportion of women with elevated breast cancer risk between the Gail and the CARE models (McNemar’s test, p Conclusion The CARE model is an improvement of the Gail model for estimating the risk of invasive breast cancer among black women and will improve counseling, risk assessment, prescribing of chemoprevention agents and eligibility for chemoprevention trials Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A58.
Rangeland Insect-Plant Associations on the Pawnee Site,

Insects, associated with some common short grass prairie flowering forbs and shrubs, are listed. The types of relationships encountered were: nectar and/or pollen feeding; petal feeding; leaf feeding; seed feeding; sap feeding; root feeding and insects associated with plants.
Characterization of the Interaction of Hydrogen with Iridium Clusters in Zeolites by Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy

Incoherent inelastic neutron scattering (IINS) measurements of hydrogen bound to Ir6 clusters in the nanoscale pores of zeolite NaY and similar clusters in KL zeolite are reported. On the basis of hydrogen uptake measurements and the observation of peaks in the IINS spectra, we infer that hydrogen is bound to the metal nanoclusters in the zeolite pores. The HINS data for both zeolites are similar and consistent with the presence of IrH2 species.
Dry Compulsions: Prohibition and the Creation of State-Level Enforcement Agencies

During July 1910, antiliquor activists hired twenty-three private detectives to raid three illicit saloons in Newark, Ohio. Deputized by the mayor of a nearby town, these agents sought to serve “search and seizure” warrants, which authorized them to confiscate liquor as evidence of illegal sales. In doing so, they assumed the duties of the Newark police, who had refused to enforce county prohibition. But their actions only led to tragedy.
The Technique of Insulating Vibration on Stamping Press Line

The author introduces the infection of press vibration 、the step of insulating vibration 、the effect and economy benefit of insulating vibration , pointing out the technique of insulating vibration will be development direction