cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle regulation of mammary epithelial cell detachment by Staphylococcus aureus.

The effect of Staphylococcus aureus on detachment of bovine mammary epithelial cells in culture was examined. Mammary epithelial cells became detached from fresh monolayers following a 3 h incubation in the presence of Staph. aureus M60. Two different procedures indicated that cell detachment coincided with the S-phase of the cell cycle. The roles of proteinases, toxins and Ca availability in inducing cell detachment were examined. Addition of the proteinase inhibitor phenyl-methylsulphonyl fluoride (1 mM) to the culture medium prevented cell detachment. Addition of a combination of purified staphylococcal proteinases XVI and XVII-B to the culture medium of mammary epithelial cells induced cell detachment in the absence of Staph. aureus. Cell detachment may be caused by a staphylococcal proteinase. However, addition of Ca (10 mM) to the culture medium abolished Staph. aureus-induced cell detachment, despite the fact that proteinase activity was still apparently present. Isogenic mutants of Staph. aureus M60, expressing either ± or β toxins but not both, induced cell detachment, but to a lesser extent than the wild type. Thus, Ca and toxins play some role during cell detachment. Clones established from detached cells that were washed and replated showed the same susceptibility to Staph. aureus-induced cell detachment as the parental cells. This indicated that there is no subclone of mammary epithelial cells more sensitive to this effect.
Reliability-based decoding of Reed-Solomon codes using their binary image

In this letter, the reliability-based decoding algorithms developed for binary linear codes are investigated for SDD of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes using their binary images. It is shown that if such approaches are promising, they also have to be carefully considered as their behavior at error rates which can be simulated often differ from that at lower error rates for which RS codes have been implemented in concatenated schemes.
Some Properties of the Poisson Distribution with an Application to Reliability Testing

Construction of a certain class of component tests for verification of series system reliability requires the use of some properties of the Poisson distribution that are not commonly known or used. This paper states and proves these results.
Critical care of the head-injury patient

C RITICAL CARE of the head-injury patient will be examined in this article from the perspective of the management in the intensive care unit (ICU). Most head injuries result from automobile accidents in the context of acceleration-deceleration. At present, penetrating injuries because of high-velocity missiles fired from too easily accessible guns in the possession of children, gangs, and citizens are probably as prevalent. Athletics is another source of head injury. More than 2 million Americans annually suffer a head injury; 70,000 to 90,000 of these will be permanently disabled. At this time, the prognosis after major head injury is not much better than it was 20 years ago, although the pathophysiology is better understood thanks to a shift in the focus of interest from gross to submolecular and molecular biochemical mechanisms. Traditionally, the three anatomically distinct hematomas--epidural, subdural, and intracerebral-have been and are still managed by neurosurgeons and other head trauma caregivers (including anesthesiologists) as space-occupying lesions that are dangerous when of sufficient size to increase intracranial pressure (ICP) and decrease cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Recent molecular biological evidence confirms the suspicion that inflammatory and vasoactive factors released at the hematoma interface are inciting changes within the parenchyma independent of any direct pressure effect. The term "autoregulation" does not refer to vehicular regulation but to the homeostatic mechanism that results in little variation in cerebral blood flow (CBF) within the range of mean systemic blood pressure (BP) from 60 to 160 mm Hg (or 50 to 150 mm Hg CPP).
Precision centration measurements on injection-molded lenses for digital imaging

We present a technique for measuring decenter on small-aperture injection-molded optics that combines a simple microscope measurement with basic geometric calculations. A system model comprising both the microscope and the test lens is used to define specific correction factors for calibration. The technique results in repeatable centration measurement accuracy under 3 um, and the direction of the individual surface shifts is also obtained. The level of accuracy achieved has been quantified by comparing point-spread-function measurements and simulations on VGA-quality singlets.
For testing the significance of regression coefficients, go ahead and log-transform count data

Summary The rise in the use of statistical models for non-Gaussian data, such as generalized linear models (GLMs) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), is pushing aside the traditional approach of transforming data and applying least-squares linear models (LMs). Nonetheless, many least-squares statistical tests depend on the variance of the sum of residuals, which by the Central Limit Theorem converge to a Gaussian distribution for large sample sizes. Therefore, least-squares LMs will likely have good performance in assessing the statistical significance of regression coefficients. Using simulations of count data, I compared GLM approaches for testing whether regression coefficients differ from zero with the traditional approach of applying LMs to transformed data. Simulations assumed that variation among sample populations was either (i) negative binomial or (ii) log-normal Poisson (i.e. log-normal variation among populations that were then sampled by a Poisson distribution). I used the simulated data to conduct tests of the hypotheses that regression coefficients differed from zero; I did not investigate statistical properties of the coefficient estimators, such as bias and precision. For negative binomial simulations whose assumptions closely matched the GLMs, the GLMs were nonetheless prone to type I errors (false positives) especially when there was more than one predictor (independent) variable. After correcting for type I errors, however, the GLMs provided slightly better statistical power than LMs. For log-normal-Poisson simulations, both a GLMM and the LMs performed well, but under some simulated conditions the GLMs had high type I error rates, a deadly sin for statistical tests. These results show that, while GLMs have slight advantages in power when they are properly specified, they can lead to badly wrong conclusions about the significance of regression coefficients if they are mis-specified. In contrast, transforming data and applying least-squares linear analyses provide robust statistical tests for significance over a wide range of conditions. Thus, the traditional approach of transforming data and applying LMs is still useful.
Triglyceride to HDL-C Ratio and Increased Arterial Stiffness in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lipid levels are linked to early atherosclerosis. Risk stratification may be improved by using triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), which relates to arterial stiffness in adults. We tested whether TG/HDL-C was an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in youth. METHODS: Subjects 10 to 26 years old (mean 18.9 years, 39% male, 56% non-Caucasian, n = 893) had laboratory, anthropometric, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness data collected (brachial distensibility, augmentation index, carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity). Subjects were stratified into tertiles of TG/HDL-C (low, n = 227; mid, n = 288; high, n = 379). RESULTS: There was a progressive rise in cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and arterial stiffness across TG/HDL-C ratio. The high TG/HDL-C ratio group had the stiffest vessels (all P CONCLUSIONS: TG/HDL-C, an estimate of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is an independent determinant of arterial stiffness in adolescents and young adults, especially in obese youth. These data suggest that use of TG/HDL-C may be helpful in identifying young adults requiring aggressive intervention to prevent atherosclerotic CV diseases.
Systemic response to inflammation.

The systemic inflammatory response represents a coordinated set of physiologic actions that serve to fight infection, heal wounds, and promote recovery from external stressors. Thus, under most circumstances an intact systemic inflammatory response increases the likelihood of a successful outcome following acute injury or infection. However, under certain conditions, such as in major trauma, an excessive pro-inflammatory response may arise that worsens the prognosis. Conversely, protein calorie malnutrition can result in immunodeficiency, leaving the individual at risk of infection. Finally, low-grade chronic inflammation that is persistent, as can be seen in obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, can lead to serious health risks. Thus, inflammatory states within a range from chronic low-grade to acute severe responses can have profound effects on morbidity and manifest an increased risk of mortality. Therapies to down-regulate the systemic inflammatory response by targeting the source of inflammation may dramatically improve patient outcome in chronic inflammatory states and some acute inflammatory conditions.
High-Reliability Miniature RF-MEMS Switched Capacitors

This paper presents a radical departure from the standard RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and introduces novel miniature MEMS switched capacitors for RF to millimeter-wave applications, which are around 150 times smaller in lateral dimensions than standard MEMS designs. The measured capacitance of a single device (l,w,t of 20, 9.5, 0.37 mum), suspended 0.25 mum above the pull-down electrode, is 3.9 and 11.7-12.1 iF (Cr = 3.0-3.1) in the up- and down-state positions, respectively. The measured capacitance ratio of a 4 X 4 array fabricated on quartz substrates and in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) configuration is 3.0 with an electrical Q > 90 at 20 GHz. The miniature MEMS spring constant is very high, and is much less sensitive to residual stress or temperature variations than standard MEMS devices. Dielectric charging simulations show that these devices can withstand a charge density 6.25 times higher than the standard MEMS devices. The mechanical resonant frequency for a gold device is 2.6 MHz and results in a switching time of 200 ns under a 32-V actuation voltage. Preliminary reliability tests at 13 GHz using bipolar actuation (plusmn30 V) and hot power switching have been performed on five 4 times 4 devices at 100 mW for 20 billion cycles, and at 500 mW for 5 billion cycles with no failures. A 4 times 4 array has also been used in the design of a tunable CPW resonator at 19.3 GHz with a 21% tuning range and 1.6-dB insertion loss. The authors believe that miniature MEMS devices will be very useful in the future for high-reliability MEMS and reconfigurable networks.
A SDP relaxation approach to air traffic control under free flight

Under "free flight", each individual aircraft will have the first responsibility to resolve its own conflicts. Therefore, a centralized air traffic controller (ATC) will issue a resolution command only when a physical conflict would be unavoidable if the ATC did not do so. Regarding the operation of an ATC under "free flight", hence, determining when the ATC should issue a resolution command would be one of the most important problems. This paper presents a systematic and efficient algorithm as a solution to this problem. This algorithm is based on the well-known semi-definite program (SDP) relaxation method.
Television-viewing characteristics of adults: correlations to eating practices and overweight and health status.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to examine the associa-tions among television viewing, eating practices, and over-weight and health status of a nationally representativesample of adults in the United States. Methods Data on adults aged 20 years or older from the U.S.Department of Agriculture’s Continuing Survey of FoodIntakes by Individuals 1994–1996 were used for thestudy. Participants’ socioeconomic and demographiccharacteristics, macronutrient intakes, weight status,prevalence of health conditions, television viewing, andoverweight status were analyzed. Survey design effectswere used in the analyses. Results More than 2 hours of television viewing per day wasassociated with a high mean body mass index and over-weight or obesity in both men and women. Other charac-teristics associated with watching more than 2 hours oftelevision per day were being 50 years of age or older, hav-ing a high school education or less, living in a householdwith income below 131% of the federal poverty level, andnot being employed. Adults who watched more than 2hours of television per day had high intakes of energy andmacronutrients and were more likely to be overweight.They also obtained more energy from snacks and supper.A higher percentage of adults with health conditionswatched more than 2 hours of television per day comparedwith adults without health conditions.
Histories and surveys of Old English literature: a chronological review

Literary history emerges when critical readers in sufficient number move beyond primary recognition of individual texts into a secondary awareness of a scheme, a sense of the connections that exist between these texts. 1 Literary history considers the development of a whole body of literature, tracing multifarious influences and innovations through time. In the course of Anglo-Saxon studies the slow and sporadic reappearance of the literary remains resulted in the late nourishing of a schematic or historical overview. As Wellek reminds us, ‘the antiquarian study of Anglo-Saxon remained…outside the main tendency towards literary history’ 2 that occurred in late-seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century England. So, too, the special quality of Old English poetry itself contributed to the laggard creation of a history. It is difficult to map the path of a literature in which all dating is only good guessing and in which a tenaciously conservative oral—formulaic style makes attempts at suggesting influence hazardous.
On the rarity of pre-aspirated stops

Pre-aspirated stops, known to be quite rare in the world's languages, are shown herein to be significantly rarer still. Their aspiration component is typically reinforced by an oral gesture that is influenced by the following stop and/or the preceding vowel. Alternatively, the aspiration component weakens to zero and is replaced by vowel length. In this typological study I document the phonetic details of so-called pre-aspirates and offer phonetic explanations for their rarity and their diachronic instability.
A 320 mV 56 μW 411 GOPS/Watt Ultra-Low Voltage Motion Estimation Accelerator in 65 nm CMOS

This paper describes a motion estimation engine fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, targeted for special-purpose on-die acceleration of sum of absolute difference (SAD) computation in real-time video encoding workloads on power-constrained mobile microprocessors. Four-way speculative difference computation using dual 4:2 compressors, optimal reuse of sum XOR min-terms in static 4:2 compressor carry gates, distributed accumulation of input carries for efficient negation and robust ultra-low voltage optimized circuits enable peak SAD efficiency of 12.8 macro-block SADs/nJ within a dense layout occupying 0.089 mm2 while achieving: (i) scalable performance up to 2.4 GHz, 82 mW measured at 1.4 V, 50degC , (ii) deep subthreshold operation measured at 230 mV while operating down to 4.3 MHz and consuming 14.4 muW , (iii) maximum energy efficiency of 411 GOPS/Watt by operating at 320 mV, 23 MHz and consuming 56 muW (9.6x higher efficiency than nominal 1.2 V operation), (iv) 20% higher energy efficiency for up-conversion of ultra-low voltage signals using a two-stage cascaded split-output level shifter, and (v) tolerance of up to plusmn2x process and temperature induced performance variation using supply voltage compensation of plusmn50 mV.
Prevention of Sexual Abuse Through Educational Programs Directed Toward Children

A Catholic Medical Association (CMA) Task Force issued a report in October 2006 on the sexual abuse of children and its prevention1 in response to initiatives by Catholic dioceses across the country, which were reeling from abuse scandals and have been seeking to improve their sexual abuse–prevention efforts. This report argued strongly against what it called “child-empowerment programs” aimed at preventing sexual abuse. It argued that these programs were “ineffective at preventing sexual abuse” and “inconsistent with the science of emotional, cognitive, neurobiological and moral development of the child.” This report reiterated a number of arguments that have been raised over 2 decades against classroom-based prevention education by various critics.2–5 However, the research evidence and the available meta-analytic reviews do not give much support to these criticisms,6,7 and the reappearance of these arguments in a high-profile public policy context merit discussion and rebuttal. The programs of concern to the CMA and others are programs that instruct children about sexual abuse and sexual victimization and try to impart a variety of messages to children (and their parents) about how to identify abuse, how to react when approached, and what to do in the aftermath of abuse. These programs are typically delivered in school settings or other youth service environments. They typically have components directed toward parents, teachers, and youth service staff, as well. Well-known examples of such programs are “Talking About Touching” from the Seattle-based Committee for Children and the Child Assault Prevention program used statewide in New Jersey. Although the CMA report refers to these as “empowerment” programs, they have a variety of philosophies. I will refer to them as “school-based prevention-education programs” or “prevention programs,” for short, because this is how they are referred to in the literature more frequently than as … Address correspondence to David Finkelhor, PhD, Crimes Against Children Research Center, Family Research Laboratory, Department of Sociology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824. E-mail: david.finkelhor{at}unh.edu
Perceived discrimination and markers of cardiovascular risk among low-income African American youth.

Objectives Our study examines the relationship between perceived discrimination and levels of C-reactive protein and blood pressure in low-income youth ages 10−15 years old. Methods Data were collected from 10 to 15 year old focal children and their mothers. Face-to-face interviews were implemented to collect data on stressors including experiences of everyday discrimination from youth. High sensitivity CRP in dried blood spot samples and diastolic and systolic blood pressure were also collected at the time of the interview. Results Perceived discrimination among youth was significantly associated with higher levels of CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure. CRP, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure remained significant after controlling for age-adjusted BMI, waist circumference, and other factors. Conclusions Discrimination is a salient risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular health. Early life course inflammation and cardiovascular reactivity are important candidate pathways through which the repeated exposure to discrimination for minority group members contributes to racial and economic health inequities in adulthood. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:546–552, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES ON THE PERSISTING CORPORA LUTEA IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS1

In a previous communication (1) it was shown that complete involution of the persisting corpora lutea in hypophysectomized adult rats could be brought about by the injection of the luteinizing hormone (LH) over a period of 10 days. Injections of estrogen, progestin or the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of the hypophysis had no demonstrable effect on these structures. This report will present the results obtained in a further study of the separate and combined action of pituitary FSH and LH and the urinary gonadotropic hormones on the ovaries of hypohysectomized adult rats. Special attention has been given to the behavior of the follicular mechanism, the histological changes in the persisting corpora lutea and the physiological activity of the ovaries as determined by changes in the vaginal smear, the size and appearance of the uteri and the ability to develop placentomata. Adult virgin female rats were treated with unfractionated pituitary extracts for 5 days prior to the removal of the pituitary glan...
Sensor frequency allocation issues for WRC-2000

The 2000 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-2000), which was to be held in Istanbul, Turkey in May of 2000, has two major topics that concern passive sensing on its agenda. Agenda item 1.17 deals with the possible upgrade to a worldwide primary allocation for the Earth exploration satellite (passive) service in the 18.6-18.8 GHz band. This band is an essential component to the suite of frequencies used for global observation of the Earth's environment. Agenda item 1.16 deals with passive allocations above 71 GHz and encompasses a number of important passive sensing bands such as 86-92 GHz, 100-102 GHz, around 118 GHz, around 150 and 167 GHz, around 183 GHz, 200-209 GHz, 226-238 GHz, and around 250 GHz. Agenda item 1.4 deals with the use of high density applications of the fixed service (HDFS) above 30 GHz, and this may affect passive sensors using channels in the band 55.78-56.26 GHz. Limits on the HDFS in the form of a power density limit, an emission mask, or both are likely needed to ensure the protection of this important band for atmospheric measurements used in numerical weather prediction models. These items are discussed in the context of the Conference Preparatory Meeting process. The results of the actual World Radiocommunication Conference are also presented.
Wear Testing and Analysis of Ion Engine Discharge Cathode Keeper

Experimental and analytical investigations were conducted to predict the wear of the discharge cathode keeper orifice in the NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster. The ion current to the keeper was found to be highly dependent on the beam current, and the average keeper ion current density was nearly identical to that of the NASA Solar Electric Propulsion Technology and Applications Readiness (NSTAR) thruster for comparable beam current density. The ion current distribution was highly peaked toward the keeper orifice. The wear assessment predicted keeper orifice erosion to the same diameter as the cathode tube after processing 250 or 460 kg of xenon, depending on whether warm or cold ions, respectively, were assumed. Although the presented simple wear analysis does not predict failure, comparison with the NSTAR extended life test results suggests that the discharge cathode assembly will continue to operate beyond the qualification goal of processing 405 kg of propellant. Probabilistic wear analysis showed that the ion energy at the keeper surface and the sputter yield contributed most to the uncertainty in the wear assessment. It is recommended that fundamental experimental and modeling efforts focus on accurately describing the plasma potential, ion temperature, and the sputtering yield.
Design for Middle-Way of Intelligent Energy-Saving System with Embedded System

In this paper the middle-way of the intelligent energy-saving system was constructed with embedded system PXA300 and the human-machine interface software was programmed with Visual Studio 2005 which was embedded into the system with the Operating System Windows CE. Users could get all the electricity power consumption and environmental parameters information detected by the wireless sensors scattered in the electricity consumption space through different networks. Then the information would be sent to the servo computer to determine what proper action should the system gives through the middle-way. So the framework of the communication system could increase the number of the detected facilities and validate the communication distance with high accuracy.
Eosinophilic/T-cell chorionic vasculitis: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 51 cases.

ABSTRACT We report 51 placentas diagnosed with eosinophilic/T-cell chorionic vasculitis (E/TCV), an unusual form of chorionic vasculitis characterized by an infiltrate composed predominantly of CD3+ T cells and eosinophils. The placentas were all 3rd trimester, with 48 (94.1%) being term. Forty-seven (92.2%) were singleton placentas, and the remaining 4 were twins. The E/TCV was limited to 1 chorionic surface vessel in 40 (78.4%) and involved 50% or less of the vessel circumference in 30 (58.8%) placentas. The inflammation faced the intervillous space in 12 (23.5%) and the amniotic cavity in 8 (15.7%) and had no distinct predominant direction in the remaining 31 (60.8%) placentas. Twelve (25.5%) placentas showed mural thrombi or intramural fibrin in association with the E/TCV. One hundred six term singleton placentas were selected as the control group, and the 47 singleton placentas with E/TCV made up the study group for comparison of demographic and histopathologic features. Villitis of unknown etiology ...
Symmetry and the union of saturated models in superstable abstract elementary classes

Abstract Our main result ( Theorem 1 ) suggests a possible dividing line (μ-superstable + μ-symmetric) for abstract elementary classes without using extra set-theoretic assumptions or tameness. This theorem illuminates the structural side of such a dividing line. Theorem 1 Let K be an abstract elementary class with no maximal models of cardinality μ + which satisfies the joint embedding and amalgamation properties. Suppose μ ≥ LS ( K ) . If K is μ- and μ + -superstable and satisfies μ + -symmetry, then for any increasing sequence 〈 M i ∈ K ≥ μ + | i θ ( sup ⁡ ‖ M i ‖ ) + 〉 of μ + -saturated models, ⋃ i θ M i is μ + -saturated. We also apply results of [18] and use towers to transfer symmetry from μ + down to μ in abstract elementary classes which are both μ- and μ + -superstable: Theorem 2 Suppose K is an abstract elementary class satisfying the amalgamation and joint embedding properties and that K is both μ- and μ + -superstable. If K has symmetry for non- μ + -splitting, then K has symmetry for non-μ-splitting.
Die Steuerung des Fahrmotors

Der aus dem Netz gespeiste Fahrmotor lauft je nach Belastung mit einer bestimmten Drehzahl, die durch seine naturliche Drehmoment/Drehzahl-Charakteristik gegeben ist. Der Bahnbetrieb verlangt jedoch auch andere Drehzahlen. Sie liegen in einem weiten Geschwindigkeitsbereich, der mit der Anfahrt aus dem Stillstand beginnt. Der Motor muss gesteuert werden, um die gewunschte Drehzahl bei gegebener Belastung zu erreichen.
Optimal breast cancer screening strategies for older women: current perspectives

Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among older women, aged 65 years or older. Screening mammography has been shown to be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality in women aged 50-74 years but not among those aged 75 years or older. Given the large heterogeneity in comorbidity status and life expectancy among older women, controversy remains over screening mammography in this population. Diminished life expectancy with aging may decrease the potential screening benefit and increase the risk of harms. In this review, we summarize the evidence on screening mammography utilization, performance, and outcomes and highlight evidence gaps. Optimizing the screening strategy will involve separating older women who will benefit from screening from those who will not benefit by using information on comorbidity status and life expectancy. This review has identified areas related to screening mammography in older women that warrant additional research, including the need to evaluate emerging screening technologies, such as tomosynthesis among older women and precision cancer screening. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, the benefits and harms of continued screening mammography in older women need to be estimated using both population-based cohort data and simulation models.
A multi-objective decision-support model for selecting environmentally conscious highway construction methods

AbstractThe construction industry has a considerable share in overall resource and energy consumption. Consequently, decision-makers try to achieve environmentally conscious construction by integrating environmental objectives into the selection of construction elements. Due to the complexity of construction projects, it is a known challenge to provide an effective mechanism to select the most feasible construction methods. Thus, it is crucial to learn the interdependency between various resource alternatives, such as material and equipment type, under various project conditions like unavailability of resources. An analytic network process (ANP) was used in this study to construct a decision model for selecting the most feasible construction method. Data collected via interviews with highway construction experts were used to model the dependency between decision parameters, such as project conditions and resource performance indicators. The proposed ANP model output the relative importance weights of deci...
Increased expression of pp60c-src in gastric mucosa of aged rats.

The relationship between proliferative activity and the expression of pp60c-src in gastric mucosa (oxyntic gland area) of young (4-month) and aged (24-month) Fischer 344 rats was examined. Gastric mucosal proliferative activity, as assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunoreactive cells, was found to be 115% (p < .001) higher in aged than in young rats. This was associated with a 47% rise (p < .025) in overall tyrosine kinase (Tyr-k) activity and a 5-7-fold increase in autophosphorylation of four prominent protein bands with M(r) of 40, 55, 60, and 70 kDa in gastric mucosal membranes. A similar phenomenon was also observed for Tyr-k activity of pp60c-src in that the aged rats revealed a 69% (p < .025) higher enzyme activity and a 5-fold rise in the extent of autophosphorylation of this protein when compared with the corresponding values from young animals. Increased Tyr-k activity of pp60c-src in the gastric mucosa of aged rats could in part be due to higher levels of this protein because the relative concentration of pp60c-src, as assessed by Western blot analysis, showed a 2-5-fold increase over the young animals. In addition, the relative concentration of c-src mRNA in the gastric mucosa of aged rats was also found to be 5-6-fold higher than in young animals. We suggest that pp60c-src may play a role in regulating gastric mucosal proliferative processes in the gastric mucosa of aged rats.
Effect on deciduous and permanent teeth of tetracycline deposition in utero.

The case reported here concerns a child whose deciduous teeth were discolored by tetracycline deposition during fetal life and whose permanent teeth are now erupting. At seven, she has four normal ...
Clinical Aspects of Hemodialysis Biocompatibility

Bioincompatibility of the hemodialysis extracorporeal circuit occurs primarily through one of several mechanisms: (a) cell adhesion, aggregation and activation; (b) transformation and adsorption of noncellular elements such as proteins; (c) mechanical shear; and (d) leaching and spallation of substances (1). Many substances are produced in the hemodialysis circuit which have theoretical biological effects. Whether these substances in fact lead to the theoretical effects, however, depend on a number of other factors: the timing and location of the production of the substances as well as the thresholds for the potential consequential events.
Study on Transport Mechanisms of Osthol in Caco-2 Cell Model

OBJECTIVE To study the transport mechanisms of osthol by using Caco-2 cell model.METHODS The effect of concentration,PEG600,verapamil(P-gp inhibitor)and temperature on transport of osthol in Caco-2 cell model was studied.RESULTS Osthol amount transported in the apical(AP)to basolateral(BL)in Caco-2 cell cell model was increased with loading concentration and temperature.PEG600 enhanced the rate of osthol transport.The PAP and PBL of osthol in Caco-2 model were not affected by verapamil.CONCLUSION The PAP of osthol in Caco-2 model was above 10×10-6 and osthol was absorbed easily by Caco-2 cell.Further,there were no significant differences in the ratios of PBL to PAP at three concentrations.Activation energy was quite moderate at 17.31 kJ·mol-1.The ratio of PBL to PAP of osthol transport were not affected by verapamil,suggesting that the absorption is via passive diffusion.
New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: Artificial Intelligence, Virtualization, and Cyberspace

Artificial Intelligence discusses the new frontiers of ethics in the new artificial intelligent (AI) technologies, virtualization and virtual reality and cyberspace. The chapter explorers how these new frontiers are affecting the traditional ethical and social values. Our discussion is on based on the premise that artificial intelligence technologies create possibilities to understand and extend human knowledge to create intelligent agents perhaps with a human–value base, intended to help solve human problems. We further look at virtualization and virtual reality technologies and how they inform our behavior based on our traditional moral and ethical values through the mediation of interaction through with electronic media. Our discussion of the social and ethical implications and consequences of virtualization is centered on two issues. One is that the anticipated benefit to society of virtualization as it extends known and relatively managed humanity’s social spheres and social networks in an unprecedented way through opening up of virtual domains of social interactions. The second benefit of virtualization to society is to avail tools and make it possible for those in society who want to create new virtual social networks out of the old and dismantle old ones. Finally we discuss a global mesh of interconnected computer networks, commonly referred to as cyberspace, which makes it possible for anyone using a point of entry device like a computer, smartphone or any other internet-enabled electronic device to reach anyone else, with the potential to access the mesh, through a one-on-one, one-to-many and many-to-one communication capabilities or through broadcasting via the world wide web. Cyberspace, because of immerse and telepresence capabilities and global reach, creates a potentially dangerous environment where one can do anything with no elegance, no accountability and no to limited.
Coronary angiogram video compression

The use of digitized information is rapidly gaining acceptance in radiological applications. Image compression plays an important role in the archiving and transmission of different digital diagnostic modalities. Currently block DCT based compression schemes (i.e. JPEG, MPEG) are usually used for telephone conferencing, cable video transmission and other non-medical applications. This scheme is not suitable for medical video sequences (like angiograms) because of block artifacts resulting from the block based DCT coefficient quantization. The image quality degrades severely with consecutive frame processing due to accumulation of errors across frames. We have developed a compression scheme for angiogram video sequence coding based on full frame wavelet coding. This full frame design exploits the local characteristics of the compensated difference signals (via block matching) and achieves a higher coding gain. At the same compression ratio, the proposed technique outperforms the block DCT method in image quality preservation. Our algorithm not only achieves a higher compression ratio but also maintains high fidelity for the reconstructed image which could be used in the PACS system and telediagnosis environment. >
Empirical assessment of network-based Moving Target Defense approaches

Moving Target Defense (MTD) is based on the notion of controlling change across various system attributes with the objective of increasing uncertainty and complexity for attackers; the promise of MTD is that this increased uncertainty and complexity will increase the costs of attack efforts and thus prevent or limit network intrusions. As MTD increases complexity of the system for the attacker, the MTD also increases complexity and cost in the desired operation of the system. This introduced complexity may result in more difficult network troubleshooting and cause network degradation or longer network outages, and may not provide an adequate defense against an adversary in the end. In this work, the authors continue MTD assessment and evaluation, this time focusing on application performance monitoring (APM) under the umbrella of Defensive Work Factors, as well as the empirical assessment of a network-based MTD under Red Team (RT) attack. APM provides the impact of the MTD from the perspective of the user, whilst the RT element provides a means to test the defense under a series of attack steps based on the LM Cyber Kill Chain.
Efficacy of Peer-Mediated Incremental Rehearsal for English Language Learners

Abstract School psychologists will likely become more involved in supporting the reading achievement of English language learners (ELLs). This requires evidence-based interventions that are validat...
Coagulopathy in Cirrhosis

The liver plays an integral role in hemostasis and is responsible for the synthesis of the majority of procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic proteins. Liver dysfunction disrupts this process, altering the normal hemostatic balance. Historically, liver disease was felt to represent a bleeding diathesis. More recently, evidence supports a model of rebalanced hemostasis where concomitant prohemostatic and antihemostatic changes lead to a rebalancing of the hemostatic system; however, this balance is far more unstable compared to healthy individuals and is easily shifted in either direction. Unfortunately, no one test can accurately predict the risk of bleeding or thrombosis in liver disease. The prothrombin and activation partial thromboplastin times, platelet count, and fibrinogen are commonly used tests, but they assess only a single aspect of the hemostatic system, which is not ideal in chronic liver disease. Global tests of hemostasis, such as thromboelastography, represent a method of measuring whole-blood coagulation. A variety of options are available for the treatment and prevention of bleeding and thrombosis in chronic liver disease. Bleeding is often treated with red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate. Recombinant factor VIIa and prothrombin complex concentrates should be reserved for refractory, or life-threatening bleeding. Portal venous thrombosis is the most common thrombotic event in liver disease, and whether or not treatment is necessary is often unclear. Furthermore, deciding which anticoagulant to use can be difficult. Interpreting normal measures of anticoagulation, such as INR and anti-Xa levels, is often problematic in chronic liver disease. Last, accumulating evidence supports thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease due to an increased risk of thrombosis.
Supporting Interactive Youth Maker Programs in Public and School Libraries: Design Hypotheses and First Implementations

After six months of observation at three middle school libraries and one public library implementing Maker-oriented programs, we propose four design hypotheses derived from qualitative data analysis and initial testing through design implementation. These design hypotheses address how public and school libraries serving adolescent youth can better facilitate Maker-oriented activities and are drawn from an on-going study and design project to help libraries develop interactive, technologically enriched spaces and programs to support youth exploration and creativity. Each hypothesis is illustrated with examples drawn from our observations of libraries before and after maker programs were introduced.
Overhyped Fad or Missed Opportunity? A History of Academic Libraries and the Social Web

The emergence of social media has radically transformed the way we create and consume information. These changes have in turn given rise to new models of librarianship centered on principles of participation, interaction, and collaboration. Over the last decade, academic libraries have eagerly adopted social media as a means of enhancing services and connecting with a new generation of users. But how exactly has this technology changed libraries? In what ways has the social web transformed library services or our relationships with users? This article attempts to assess the impact of social media on academic libraries in the United States through a review of the literature published since 2005. In particular, it looks at how academic libraries have used social media to improve or develop new services. By comparing published case studies with the theoretical literature, this article seeks to separate theory from practice and determine the extent to which the social web has transformed library pract...
Grade progression in urothelial carcinoma can occur with high or low mutational homology: a first-step toward tumor-specific care in initial low-grade bladder cancer

// Ralf Kittler 1 , Christine Shiang 2 , Ryan Hutchinson 2 , Rahul K. Kollipara 1 , Payal Kapur 3, 2 , Francis Franto 3 and Yair Lotan 2 1 Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 2 Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA 3 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA Correspondence to: Yair Lotan, email: yair.lotan@utsouthwestern.edu Ralf Kittler, email: Ralf.Kittler@UTSouthwestern.edu Keywords: bladder cancer genomics; low grade; progression Received: June 29, 2017 Accepted: December 30, 2017 Published: January 06, 2018 ABSTRACT Purpose: Low-grade (LG) urothelial carcinomas of the bladder (UCB) are common malignancies that are costly to surveil and rarely progress to life threatening, high-grade (HG) malignancies. It is unknown if the progression of LG to HG is a result of second primary tumors or transformation of existing LG tumors. We examined tumor genetics in patients with grade progression in urothelial carcinoma and compared to patients with no progression. Results: Five patients were identified with progression. Median time from initial LG diagnosis to HG diagnosis in those experiencing progression was 19 months. Progression with both high and low mutational homology was identified. Gene alterations associated with tumor grade progression in initial low grade tumors include FBN3, CIT and HECTD4. Materials and Methods: An institutional cancer database at a tertiary referral center in the United States identified patients who progressed from LG to HG UCB. Histologic re-review was performed by a genitourinary pathologist. Whole exome sequencing with correction for germline mutations by buffy coat subtraction was performed. Mutations were assessed between LG tumors and subsequent same-patient HG tumors and for LG patients who did not progress. Individual genes were assessed as potential predictors of risk for progression. Conclusions: Tumor grade progression occurred with both high mutational homology and low mutational homology, which may represent both true tumor progression and de-novo growth. Validation of the identified tumor genes that appeared associated with progression may provide a clinically valuable tool to providers managing patients with LG urothelial carcinomas.
Schools: Expectations and Achievement

African American boys have lower academic achievement than African American girls and boys from other racial and ethnic groups. High school and college graduation rates are lower and they are more likely to face suspensions, expulsions, and disciplinary actions. Overrepresentation of African American boys in special education has resulted in some noting that educational systems for African American boys are the first pathway to correctional systems. Lower achievement among African American boys has been accounted for in part by lower expectations from teachers and parents along with discrimination. Several theoretical perspectives including oppositional culture, disidentification, stereotype threat, and critical theory help to explain gaps in achievement. Factors associated with higher academic achievement include high racial and ethnic identity, academically engaged peers, monitoring and support from family, and after-school programs.
64Cu-AMD3100: A potential radiotracer for in vivo visualization of the chemokine receptor CXCR4

176 Objectives: The CXCR4 receptor is highly expressed on certain types of white blood cells (WBC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), providing a homing mechanism for such cells to tissues and organs that excrete the chemokine CXCL12. CXCR4/CXCL12 also has a central role in tumor metastasis. We labeled the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 (mol wt 794) with 64Cu and used it for in vivo imaging and biodistribution measurements in mice. Methods: AMD3100 in ammonium acetate was added to 64Cu copper chloride and incubated at 37oC for 30 min, after which non-radioactive copper (2:1 molar ratio) was added. Reverse-phase chromatography (C18 column) demonstrated a single radioactive peak eluting at the same time as [Cu2]AMD3100. Immune-competent C57Bl mice were injected i.v. with either 0.06 (“low-dose”; n=2) or 0.46 (“high-dose”; n=2) μg/g of 64Cu-AMD3100 (130-180 kBq/g). Scans were acquired at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h using an R4 microPETTM (Siemens/CTMI), after which the mice were euthanized and biodistribution of 64Cu was measured by direct assay. Results: Radiolabel was rapidly cleared into urine (>50% by 4 h) and liver (35-41% injected dose/g between 1 and 4 h in the low-dose group). Uptake was highest in tissues and organs known to constitutively express CXCL12 and/or harbor large concentrations of WBC or HSC, namely liver, bone, spleen, and lung. Uptake in each of these was reduced in the high-dose relative to the low-dose group, indicating a saturable uptake mechanism. Percentage of whole blood 64Cu in the cellular fraction at 4 h was also lower in the high-dose compared with the low-dose group (33±13% compared with 52±1%). Conclusions: The bicyclam AMD3100, a natural chelating agent, is readily labeled with 64Cu. The biodistribution in immune competent mice was consistent with specific binding of the radiotracer to CXCR4.
Perennial nonallergic rhinitis: a retrospective review

Forty-six of 152 consecutive adult rhinitis patients had perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNR). Eighty-five percent of those with PNR presented with nasal congestion, whereas 15% presented with rhinorrhea. Their mean age was 40.5 years (range = 21-77), and 74% were female. Patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis in this series were characterized by ocular pruritus or burning, 28%; frontal headache, 22%; symptoms consistent with asthma, 33%; an unremarkable nasal mucosa, 96%; the absence of nasal polyps, 100%; nasal eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 5%), 10%; nasal neutrophilia (greater than or equal to 25%), 22%; numerous nasal bacteria, 12%; sinusitis, 6%; and a geometric mean IgE of 26.4 U/mL. This experience suggests that PNR is a common problem in a general allergy practice. Nasal obstruction, usually more difficult to treat than rhinorrhea, is the dominant symptom. Unexpected findings were frequent conjunctivitis and nasal neutrophilia.