cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pastiche in Contemporary Latin American Literature

Pastiche, defined as non-satiric imitation, is a characteristic feature of contemporary Latin American narrative. Although unlike parody it does not stand in antagonist relationship with a prior text, nevertheless pastiche marks a distance and a displacement of other texts. The article illustrates this with reference to Mario Vargas Llosa's pastiche of Machiguenga indigenous legends in his novel El hablador and Silviano Santiago's pastiche of Graciliano Ramos's prison memories in his novel, Em Liberdade. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol14/iss1/9 Pastiche in Contemporary Latin American Literature Jean Franco Columbia University Many novels published in Latin America over the last few years can be described as pastiche novels. They include Roa Bastos' Yo el supremo (1893), Elena Poniatowska's Querido Diego (1987), Juan Jose Saer's El entenado (1988) Edgardo Rodriguez Julia's Las aventuras del heroe Baltasar (1989) and La noche oscura del niiio Aviles (1989), Mario Vargas Llosa's El hablador (1987) and Silviano Santiago's Em Liberdade (1981). Many other novels-including El ototio del patriarca (1975) by Garcia Marquez and the novels of Manuel Puig incorporate imitations of other styles without this necessarily being parody. The dictionary defines pastiche as both imitation and a melange of styles. Unlike the older term parody, the word pastiche only entered the vocabulary in the eighteenth century even though non-satiric imitation was common before this. Pastiche is a relatively modern term and needs the notion of originality as its counterpoint. Preromantic culture more easily accommodated mimicry and, indeed, regarded it as a form of homage. Sor Juana's "imitation" of G6ngora (which was also a subtle form of differentiation) was considered an achievement rather than a defect.' When the "new" became the absolute criterion for great art and especially with Modernism imitation was the sign of lack of originality although, as Theodor Adorno has pointed out, the Modernists' emphasis on originality quickly come up against limits.' As a result of the exhaustion of high culture's search for originality, there occurs, according to Fredric Jameson, "the moment of pastiche in which energetic artists who now lack both forms and content cannibalize the museum and wear the masks of extinct mannerisms." 3 Yet critics are far from agreeing on the usefulness of the term pastiche, and many disregard it altogether. Gerard Genette, who attempted to systematize all forms of palimpsest or "second degree"
Accuracy of range-based localization schemes in random sensor networks: A lower bound analysis

Accuracy is a fundamental performance requirement in network localization. This paper studies the accuracy of range-based localization schemes for random sensor networks with respect to network connectivity and scale. We show that the variance of localization errors is proportional to the average geometric dilution of precision (AGDOP). The paper proves a novel lower bound of expectation of AGDOP (LB-E-AGDOP). Our analysis based on LB-E-AGDOP shows that localization accuracy is approximately inversely proportional to the average degree of network. A further analysis shows that when network connectivity merely guarantees localizability, increasing sensor nodes leads to bounded monotonic increase in AGDOP; when a network is densely connected, increasing sensor nodes leads to bounded monotonic decrease in AGDOP. Finally, these conclusions are validated by numerical simulations.
Aromatic amino acid metabolism in the wabbler-lethal mouse.

The wabbler-lethal mouse displays abnormal metabolism of the aromatic amino acids. Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity is depressed while α-ketoglutarate transaminase, tryptophan pyrrolase, and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic oxidase activities are elevated. In addition, the mutant plasma level of phenylalanine is abnormally high while plasma tyrosine and tryptophan levels are abnormally low.
Use of gallium to treat Paget's disease of bone: a pilot study

The effects of gallium nitrate on bone turnover were evaluated in four patients with active Paget's disease. Treatment with gallium nitrate (100 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, intravenously in 5% glucose) significantly reduced serum calcium, serum phosphate, urinary calcium, and the ratio of maximum tubular reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate in each patient. Serum parathyroid hormone levels rose. The findings suggest that the fall in serum calcium caused secondary hyperparathyroidism, resulting in a fall in serum phosphate. Serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels fell substantially, showing that gallium effectively suppressed bone turnover. The fall in hydroxyproline excretion preceded that in serum alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that suppression of bone resorption by osteoclasts preceded that of bone formation by osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase levels remained low throughout follow-up (85-141 days), so the effect of gallium seems to be long-lasting.
Comparative peptide mapping of baculovirus polyhedrins

Abstract Amino terminals and two-dimensional high-voltage peptide maps of tryptic digests of polyhedrins from Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Heliothis zea NPV, and Anticarsa gemmatalis NPV were compared with previously characterized granulins and polyhedrins. Similarities and differences were detected in the tryptic maps, while each protein produced a unique peptide map composite. Amino-terminal determination of eight polyhedrins and granulins resulted in three different end groups.
A new species of coreopsis (Compositae) from Mexico

Coreopsis mcvaughii, a small fruticose species known only from the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico, is described as new. It is assigned to sect.Pseudo-Agarista.
Caveolin-1 and force regulation in porcine airway smooth muscle.

Caveolae are specialized membrane microdomains expressing the scaffolding protein caveolin-1. We recently demonstrated the presence of caveolae in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) and the contribution of caveolin-1 to intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that caveolin-1 regulates ASM contractility. We examined the role of caveolins in force regulation of porcine ASM under control conditions as well as TNF-α-induced airway inflammation. In porcine ASM strips, exposure to 10 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) or 5 μM of the caveolin-1 specific scaffolding domain inhibitor peptide (CSD) resulted in time-dependent decrease in force responses to 1 μM ACh. Overnight exposure to the cytokine TNF-α (50 ng/ml) accelerated and increased caveolin-1 expression and enhanced force responses to ACh. Suppression of caveolin-1 with small interfering RNA mimicked the effects of CD or CSD. Regarding mechanisms by which caveolae contribute to contractile changes, inhibition of MAP kinase with 10 μM PD98059 did not alter control or TNF-α-induced increases in force responses to ACh. However, inhibiting RhoA with 100 μM fasudil or 10 μM Y27632 resulted in significant decreases in force responses, with lesser effects in TNF-α exposed samples. Furthermore, Ca2+ sensitivity for force generation was substantially reduced by fasudil or Y27632, an effect even more enhanced in the absence of caveolin-1 signaling. Overall, these results indicate that caveolin-1 is a critical player in enhanced ASM contractility with airway inflammation.
Coordination of cooperative advertising in a two-level supply chain when manufacturer offers discount

Abstract We studied the coordination of cooperative advertisement in a manufacturer–retailer supply chain when the manufacturer offers price deductions to customers. With a price sensitive market, the expected demand with cooperative advertising and price deduction is demonstrated. When the manufacturer is a leader, we obtained the optimal national brand name investment, local advertisement and associated manufacturer’s allowance with any given price deduction. When the manufacturer offers more price deduction to customers, the retailer will increase local advertisement if the manufacturer provides the same portion of the local advertising allowance. We obtained the necessary and sufficient condition for the price deduction to ensure an increase of manufacturer’s profit, and a search procedure for determining such an optimal price deduction is provided as well. When the manufacturer and retailer are partners, we obtained the optimal national brand name investment and local advertisement. For any given price deduction, the total profit for the supply chain with cooperative scheme is always higher than that with the non-cooperative scheme. When price elasticity of demand is larger than one, the resulting closed form optimal price deduction with partnership is also obtained. To increase profits for both parties in a supply chain, we recommend that coordination in local and national cooperative advertising with a partnership relationship between manufacturer and retailer is the best solution. The bargaining results show how to share the profit gain between the manufacturer and the retailer, and determine the associated pricing and advertising policies for both parties.
2011 Annual Survey of Journalism and Mass Communication Enrollments: Enrollments Decline, Reversing the Increase of a Year Earlier, and Suggesting Slow Growth for Future.

Enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs declined in the autumn of 2011, compared to a year earlier. Enrollments were down slightly at the senior and junior levels and substantiall...
ELECTROMIGRATION AND DIFFUSION OF CADMIUM AND INDIUM IN LIQUID SODIUM.

Abstract Mass transport induced by an electric current (electromigration) and by a concentration gradient (diffusion) was measured as a function of temperature in liquid sodium containing small amounts of cadmium or indium. While the calculated diffusion coefficients fall within values normally found for diffusion in liquid alloys, the electromigration behavior was strikingly different from observations in liquid mercury and bismuth alloys. In sodium, cadmium and indium migrate to the anode (in mercury and bismuth, they migrate to the cathode) with mobilities 25 to 50 times larger than in mercury or bismuth. These findings are explained, at least qualitatively, by a recently proposed model which describes electromigration in terms of an electron drag. The data are in better agreement when expressed as a “coefficient of electron drag”, which is dependent on the current density, than as a mobility, which is a velocity per unit field.
Mapping Enzyme Active Sites in Complex Proteomes

Genome sequencing projects have uncovered many novel enzymes and enzyme classes for which knowledge of active site structure and mechanism is limited. To facilitate mechanistic investigations of the numerous enzymes encoded by prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, new methods are needed to analyze enzyme function in samples of high biocomplexity. Here, we describe a general strategy for profiling enzyme active sites in whole proteomes that utilizes activity-based chemical probes coupled with a gel- free analysis platform. We apply this gel-free strategy to identify the sites of labeling on enzymes targeted by sulfonate ester probes. For each enzyme examined, probe labeling was found to occur on a conserved active site residue, including catalytic nucleophiles (e.g., C32 in glutathione S-transferase omega) and bases/acids (e.g., E269 in aldehyde dehydrogenase-1; D204 in enoyl CoA hydratase-1), as well as residues of unknown function (e.g., D127 in 3‚-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase-1). These results reveal that sulfonate ester probes are remarkably versatile activity-based profiling reagents capable of labeling a diversity of catalytic residues in a range of mechanistically distinct enzymes. More generally, the gel-free strategy described herein, by consolidating into a single step the identification of both protein targets of activity-based probes and the specific residues labeled by these reagents, provides a novel platform in which the proteomic comparison of enzymes can be accomplished in unison with a mechanistic analysis of their active sites.
Continuous Monitoring of Hydrogen Chloride in Combustion Atmospheres and in Air

A continuous analyzer for hydrogen chloride gas, based on a French standard method, has been utilized for measurement of HCl in laboratory-generated combustion atmospheres and in air. The method is...
Meeting the market for quality evaluation in education

Evaluation in the U.S. Department of Education declined significantly in the early 1980s. But a search for alternative management strategies and evaluation techniques has allowed the function to survive and prosper.
Rhotic representation: problems and proposals

Starting with an r that was already ambiguous, the IPA added new symbols and diacritics without arriving at a comprehensive treatment of rhotics. The results have been ad hoc solutions and potential confusion for languages such as Spanish, in which these need to be distinguished. A few modifications of the IPA diacritic system would suffice in order to capture the different types.
Detecting motion object by spatio-temporal entropy

Moving object detection is an important task in video analysis. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting moving objects based on spatio-temporal entropy. By measuring color variation in multiple successive frames, a spatio-temporal entropy image (STPI) is formed. Then the morphological methodology is employed to extract salient motions or moving objects from STEI .S inceSTEI is a statistical measurement of variation, the proposed method is more robust to noises than traditional difference based methods. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective for motion objects detection, and it can be used in real-time surveillance.
Colonic inflammation alters Src kinase-dependent gating properties of single Ca2+ channels via tyrosine nitration.

Nitration of L-type calcium channels during colonic inflammation impairs phosphorylation by the tyrosine kinase, Src kinase. This results in decreased calcium currents. The purpose of this study wa...
Quantitation of Baclofen in Tablets Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed to quantify baclofen in tablets. The method is accurate and precise with a percent relative standard deviation of 0.52 based on 5 readings. The recovery from the synthetic mixtures was quantitative. The results were in excellent agreement with the USP-NF colorimetric method. The method can be used to test the content uniformity of the tablets. Samples which were treated with either sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide and boiled for 10 minutes did not show new peaks in the chromatogram. Baclofen appears to be a very stable compound.
The genetics of heart attack

Although it has been more than five years since the draft of the human genome was first announced,w1 only in recent months has there been substantial progress in the identification of genes that are implicated in susceptibility or cause of myocardial infarction (MI). There are many reasons for this lag, particularly related to the point that myocardial infarction is a “complex” trait. As opposed to “simple” Mendelian traits which are infrequent, deterministic and inherited in an autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked mode, complex traits are relatively common, probabilistic, and involve gene–gene and gene–environmental interactions. The technology and methodology to identify complex traits have rapidly evolved, and still can be considered to be in flux, with a progression from linkage studies using genome wide scanning to whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association studies. With this refinement in approaches, several genes are now implicated for susceptibility for myocardial infarction and one is already the subject of a dedicated randomised pharmacologic intervention trial for “personalised” medicine. This paper will review the progress in this burgeoning and important field, to provide the reader with a perspective on how genetic information will someday radically alter our approach and facilitate the prevention of heart attacks. With a human genome that consists of 3.1 billion base pairs, finding the particular alleles that are promoting or protecting an individual to have an MI appears, on the surface, to be especially daunting. But the number of genes that comprise the genome is just over 25 000 and although the function of many has yet to be determined, the chromosomal map of the location of these genes is virtually complete. With 3.1 billion nucleotide pairs (cytosine, adenine, guanine, thymine), fortunately the inter-subject variability is rather limited to only 10 million SNPs—or 0.3% of the base pairs that are …
Insights on Fault Interference for Programs with Multiple Bugs

Multiple faults in a program may interact with each other in a variety of ways. A test case that fails due to a fault may not fail when another fault is added, because the second fault may mask the failure-causing effect of the first fault. Multiple faults may also collectively cause failure on a test case that does not fail due to any single fault alone. Many studies try to perform fault localization on multi-fault programs and several of them seek to match a failed test to its causative fault. It is therefore, important to better understand the interference between faults in a multi-fault program, as an improper assumption about test case failure may lead to an incorrect matching of failed test to fault, which may in turn result in poor fault localization. This paper investigates such interference and examines if one form of interference holds more often than another, and uniformly across all conditions. Empirical studies on the Siemens suite suggest that no one form of interference holds unconditionally and that observation of failure masking is a more frequent event than observation of a new test case failure.
Application of Rietveld refinement techniques to a disordered IIb Mg-chamosite

The structure of a disordered lib Mg-chamosite was studied using Rietveld refinement tech- niques and powder X-ray diffraction (CuKa, 18-120" 20 in 0.02* 20 increments). The refinement in space group Ci yielded high precision lattice parameters (a = 5.36982(5)A,, b = 9.3031(9)A, c = 14.2610(6)/~ a = 90.315(5)*, ~/= 97.234(7) ~ 3' = 90.022(9) ~ and atomic coordinates very similar to previous studies. However, the presence of semi-random stacking in this specimen created a situation in which not all atoms could be precisely located: the positions of the octahedral cations and anions which repeat at intervals of +_b/3 could be uniquely determined in three dimensions whereas only the z parameter of the other atoms could be refined. The reasonable appearance of the final model, despite the fact that many of the atom positions could be located in only one dimension, may have resulted because all of the atoms in this structure except 0(5) repeat at intervals which are very nearly +b/3.
IAIS: A Methodology to Enable Inter-Agency Information Sharing in eGovernment

Recently, there has been increased interest in information sharing among government agencies, with a view toward improving security, reducing costs and offering better quality service to users of government services. In this work, the authors complement earlier work by proposing a comprehensive methodology called IAIS (Inter Agency Information Sharing) that uses XML to facilitate the definition of information that needs to be shared, the storage of such information, the access to this information and finally the maintenance of shared information. The authors compare IAIS with two alternate methodologies to share information among agencies, and analyze the pros and cons of each. They also show how IAIS leverages the recently proposed XML (extensible markup language) standard to allow for inclusion of various groups’ viewpoints when determining what information should be shared and how it should be structured.
Effect of cell-phone radiation exposure on cognitive function in humans

Several papers reporting on cognitive function and exposure to cell-phone RF fields have appeared in scientific journals. Human subjects exposed to cell-phone fields showed faster responses in simple reaction time and in choice reaction time. In addition, some investigations have found exposure to cell-phone fields has a facilitating effect on tasks that require attention and manipulation of information in working memory. Also, the same group failed to confirm their earlier findings when they repeated their experiments. On the other hand, as a follow-up, different research groups examined the relationship between the reported facilitating effect and cell-phone exposure. Their results indicated that cognitive process, such as attentional function, are differentially enhanced after exposure to the RF fields emitted by cell phones.
Synthesis of a phthalocyanine 2D covalent organic framework

A new two-dimensional cobalt based phthalocyanine covalent organic framework (CoPc-BPDA COF) has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions. CoPc-BPDA COF exhibits a high surface area (SBET = 1087 m2 g−1), and it can store up to 1.2 wt% of hydrogen at 77 K and 1 bar.
Is There Evidence for Solar Forcing of Climate in the GISP2 Oxygen Isotope Record

Abstract Changes in solar constant over an 11 yr cycle suggest a certain, but limited, degree of solar forcing of climate. The high-resolution climate (oxygen isotope) record of the Greenland GISP2 (Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2) ice core has been analyzed for solar (and volcanic) influences. The atmospheric14C record is used as a proxy of solar change and compared to the oxygen isotope profile in the GISP2 ice core. An annual oxygen isotope profile is derived from centimeter-scale isotope measurements available for the post-A.D. 818 interval. Associated extreme summer and winter isotope ratios were found to yield similar climate information over the last millennium. The detailed record of volcanic aerosols, converted to optical depth and volcanic explosivity change, was also compared to the isotope record and the oxygen isotope response calibrated to short-term volcanic influences on climate. This calibration shows that century-scale volcanic modulation of the GISP2 oxygen isotope record can be neglected in our analysis of solar forcing. The timing, estimated order of temperature change, and phase lag of several maxima in14C and minima in18O are suggestive of a solar component to the forcing of Greenland climate over the current millennium. The fractional climate response of the cold interval associated with the Maunder sunspot minimum (and14C maximum), as well as the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age temperature trend of the past millennium, are compatible with solar climate forcing, with an order of magnitude of solar constant change of ∼0.3%. Even though solar forcing of climate for the current millennium is a reasonable hypothesis, for the rest of the Holocene the century-scale events are more frequent in the oxygen isotope record than in the14C record and a significant correlation is absent. For this interval, oceanic/atmospheric circulation forcing of climate may dominate. Solar forcing during the surprisingly strong 1470 yr climate cycle of the 11,000–75,000 yr B.P. interval is rather hypothetical.
Behavioral Deficits and Cortical Damage Loci in Cerebral Achromatopsia

Lesions to ventral occipital cortex can produce severe deficits in color vision, a syndrome known as cerebral achromatopsia. Because most studies examine relatively few cases, however, uncertainty remains about precisely which cortical loci, when damaged, produce the syndrome. In addition, the extents of the associated perceptual deficits remain unclear. To address these issues, we performed a meta-analysis of 92 case reports from the literature. The severity of color vision deficits of the cases varied greatly, although nearly all showed some deficit in color discrimination. Almost all cases tested also showed some loss of spatial vision. Lesion overlap analyses revealed a relatively small region of high overlap in ventral occipital cortex. The region of high overlap was located near areas identified by neuroimaging studies as important for color perception. For comparison, we performed a similar analysis of prosopagnosia, a disorder of face perception, and found several regions of high lesion overlap adjacent to the region associated with achromatopsia. Because the behavioral deficits in achromatopsia are often incomplete and never restricted to color vision, the region of high lesion overlap may be one critical stage within a stream of many visual areas that participate nonexclusively in color perception.
Reduced cortical call to arms differentiates psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder.

BackgroundPsychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are both characterized by impulsive, externalizing behaviors. Researchers have argued, however, that psychopathy is distinguished from ASPD by the presence of interpersonal–affective features that reflect an underlying deficit in emotional sensitivity. No study to date has tested for differential relations of these disorders with the brain's natural orienting response to sudden aversive events.MethodElectroencephalography was used to assess cortical reactivity to abrupt noise probes presented during the viewing of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures in 140 incarcerated males diagnosed using the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised and DSM-IV criteria for ASPD. The primary dependent measure was the P3 event-related potential response to the noise probes.ResultsPsychopaths showed significantly smaller amplitude of P3 response to noise probes across trials of all types compared with non-psychopaths. Follow-up analyses revealed that this overall reduction was attributable specifically to the affective–interpersonal features of psychopathy. By contrast, no group difference in general amplitude of probe P3 was evident for ASPD versus non-ASPD participants.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate a reduced cortical orienting response to abrupt aversive stimuli in participants exhibiting features of psychopathy that are distinct from ASPD. The specificity of the observed effect fits with the idea that these distinctive features of psychopathy reflect a deficit in defensive reactivity, or mobilization of the brain's defensive system, in the context of threat cues.
The Wave-Length-Sensitivity Curve of A Cesium Oxide Photocell; A New Light-Sensitive Instrument for the Ultraviolet

The construction and characteristics of a quartz-enclosed cesium oxide cell are described. Such a cell is very sensitive to ultraviolet light of very short wave lengths, at least as short as 2390A.
The Long And The Short Of eCommerce Intentions: Examining The Distinguishing Effect Of Time Orientation Between Behavioral Intentions And Behavioral Goals

This study analyzes the distinction, both conceptually and operationally, between behavioral intentions and behavioral goals. This paper recognizes the importance of time orientation in the measurement of behavioral intentions, as defined by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). Literature is reviewed that shows this conceptual definition is often misused in information systems (IS) research because behavioral intention is sometimes operationalized with a long-term time orientation (i.e., continued use). This paper offers an empirical assessment, in the context of online purchases, of the discriminant validity between behavioral intentions and behavioral goals. The results of the survey (N = 458) indicate that time orientation does distinguish these constructs in an eCommerce setting. Theoretical implications are that long-term oriented behavioral intentions actually represent behavioral goals and thus have less conceptual implications for predicting actual behavior. Practical implications indicate that such distinctions may influence eCommerce strategies for online impulse purchases as well as customer relationship management.
Nesidiorchestes hawaiiensis Kirkaldy: new tribal assignment and lectotype designation (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae: Orthotylini)

The preponderance of documented morphological evidence presented for Nesidiorchestes hawaiiensis Kirkaldy, 1902 argues for its tribal reassignment to the Orthotylini from the Halticini. A lectoype is designated for a male syntype maintained in the Natural History Museum, London.
‘Happy Cows,’ ‘Happy Beef’: A Critique of the Rationales for Ethical Meat

The ethical food movement signals a significant transformation of cultural consciousness in its recognition of the intimate politics of what we eat and what kind of socio-political systems we sustain. The recent resurgence of economic localization exemplifies a grass roots attempt to undermine the hegemony of transnational corporations and build ecologically and economically sustainable communities. Social justice plays a key role in the guiding philosophies of these movements, and yet, while many ecocritical discourses examine the uncomfortable relationship of anthropocentricism and sustainability, some contemporary texts of the ethical food movement evidence a reluctant embrace of omnivorous eating, while simultaneously indicating a gendered, if ironic, machismo at odds with the principles of ethical eating. An analysis of the rhetoric of three popular nonfiction books that construct a similar narrative of the story of meat—Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma, Susan Bourette's Meat, a Love Story, and Scott Gold's The Shameless Carnivore—reveals an attempt by these authors to naturalize what is essentially an economic and lifestyle activity. Working within a vegetarian ecofeminist framework, though recognizing that multiple compelling philosophical positions exist for considering the ethics of meat eating, this paper intends to argue, not that "ethical" and "omnivorous" are contradictory terms, but rather that a moral ambivalence prevails in these texts despite these authors' claims to the contrary. In elucidating these authors' reactions to their own participation in "the omnivore's dilemma" this paper pinpoints those areas where a resistance to a deeper examination of human-nonhuman relations is in operation.
Microstructure and interfacial properties of laterally oxidized AlxGa1-xAs

The oxidation of high Al content AlxGa1-xAs has received much attention due to its use in oxide-aperture, vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and for passivating AlAs against environmental degradation. We have recently identified the spinel, gamma phase of Al2O3 in layers laterally oxidized in steam at 450°C for =0.98 & 0.92 and have seen evidence for an amorphous precursor to the gamma phase. At the interface with the unoxidized AlxGa1-xAs, an ∼17nm amorphous phase remains which could account for the excellent electrical properties of oxide-confined VCSELs and help reduce stress concentrations at the oxide terminus.
How Basket Ball Affects College Men

(1918). How Basket Ball Affects College Men. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 309-316.
Comparing Constitutional Bad Faith

This short essay responds to David Pozen's Constitutional Bad Faith, a rich, insightful, and highly original article identifying, and then exploring the causes and consequences of, two gaps in American constitutional culture. The first is between the scarcity of good faith principles in constitutional doctrine and their near-ubiquity in nonconstitutional doctrine, especially in private and international law. The second is between constitutional doctrine and constitutional discourse outside the courts, where allegations of bad faith are legion. The essay begins by raising a question about Pozen's emphasis on judicial underenforcement of good faith norms in constitutional law and suggesting that, for certain structural or "architectural" reasons, there may be fewer such norms here in the first place than in private and international law. It then mostly supplements his analysis by considering each of the two gaps in turn from a variety of comparative perspectives. With respect to the constitutional/nonconstitutional law divide, it asks whether the marginal status of bad faith is distinctive to American constitutional doctrine and, if so, what might explain this. On the constitutional doctrine/discourse disconnect, it argues that the greater amount of bad faith talk outside the courts in the United States than elsewhere is significantly a function of alternative conceptions of judicial review, in which politicians are viewed as problematic or privileged claimants respectively. It also contends that the gap is exacerbated by the inflammatory combination in the United States of life tenure and political appointment for federal judges with the difficulty of amending the Constitution. Finally, the essay considers whether this second gap is distinctive to constitutional bad faith or whether it is also found in private and international law.
LVI. A theory of the displacement of spectral lines produced by pressure

(1907). LVI. A theory of the displacement of spectral lines produced by pressure. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 14, No. 83, pp. 557-578.
Potential of combining flaxseed oil and microalgal biomass in producing eggs-enriched with n−3 fatty acids for meeting human needs

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of supplementing flaxseed oil (FO) and microalgae alone or in combination in diets for hens (Shaver Leghorn) on enriching egg n − 3 fatty acids. Experiment I was a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (0, 3, and 5% FO and 0, 7.5, and 10% full-fatted Staurosira sp.). Experiment II consisted of a control diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 3% FO and 7.5% Staurosira sp., 7.5% defatted Desmodesmus sp., or 7.5 and 15% defatted Nannochloropsis oceanica. The combined supplementations elevated (P
Job accessibility and employment outcomes: which income groups benefit the most?

Improving job accessibility can increase the probability for individual persons to be employed and reduce their commutes. Empirical research suggests that the relationship between job accessibility and employment outcomes differ across income groups, but no research has investigated the difference or explored which income groups benefit the most from job accessibility improvements. This research fills the gap by examining six income groups in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Results show that job accessibility affects the employment status of medium-to-low income groups (household income between US$25,000 and US$75,000). For the lowest-income group (household income lower than US$25,000), owning a car significantly improves their chances to be employed, but job accessibility has no effect. On the other hand, higher job accessibility is associated with shorter commuting distance for the other five income groups, but not for the lowest-income group. These results suggest that transportation and land use policies need to address the specific needs of distinct population groups and underscore the importance of spatial access for the middle-class, which tends to be overlooked in the literature on transportation equity.
The influence of PSA autoantibodies in prostate cancer patients: a prospective clinical study-II

// Kosei Nakajima 1,2,* , Lance K. Heilbrun 1,3,* , Daryn Smith 1,3 , Victor Hogan 1,2 , Avraham Raz 1,2 and Elisabeth Heath 1 1 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA 2 Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA 3 Biostatistics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA * Authors share equal credit Correspondence to: Elisabeth Heath, email: // Avraham Raz, email: // Keywords : PSA autoantibody, PSA test, false-results, prostate cancer, Galectin-3 Received : August 17, 2016 Accepted : October 07, 2016 Published : October 12, 2016 Abstract The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer due to potential possibilities of false-results. Since no alternative test is available to replace it, we have initiated a trial with the purpose of establishing whether Galectin-3 (Gal-3) serum level and/or the patients’ immune response to PSA and Gal-3 antigens could complement the PSA test as diagnostic tools for prostate cancer patients. A blind, prospective, single institution, pilot study was conducted. A total of 95 men were recruited and classified into 5 different groups: healthy controls (Group1), newly diagnosed patients (Group2), no recurrence after local therapy (Group3), rising PSA after local therapy (Group4), and metastatic patients (Group5). The primary endpoints were the levels of serum PSA, PSA autoantibodies (AAPSA), Gal-3, and Gal-3 autoantibodies (AAGal-3). Data were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation (rho) and least squares linear regression modeling. The expression levels of PSA, AAPSA, Gal-3, and AAGal-3 were determined in both healthy controls and prostate cancer patients. Negative correlations were observed between PSA and AAPSA levels among all 95 men combined (rho = -0.321, P = 0.0021; fitted slope -0.288, P = 0.0048), and in metastatic patients (rho = -0.472, P = 0.0413; fitted slope -1.145, P = 0.0061). We suggest an association between PSA and AAPSA, whereby the AAPSA may alter PSA levels. It provides a novel outlook for prostate cancer diagnosis, and should serve as a basis for an all-inclusive diagnostic trial centering on patients with metastasis.
Educational reconstruction: African American schools in the urban south, 1865–1890, by Hilary Green

The book that made me love the history of education and more importantly African American history was James D. Anderson’s The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860–1935 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1988). Th...
Abstract 18325: Changes in Cognition and Lipid-lowering Therapy After the Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results From TRACE-CORE

Introduction: Lipid-lowering therapies (LLT) are a key component of treatment in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Some studies have found an adverse effect of LLTs on cognition yet evidence is incons...
The Concept of ‘Due Diligence’ in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Reply to Professors Bonnitcha and Mccorquodale

This paper resists the tendency on the part of many traditional international human rights legal scholars to view the regulation of transnational corporations through state-based legal lenses. Bonnitcha and McCorquodale claim to find a flaw in the concept of corporate human rights due diligence in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and propose to "fix" it by analogizing from the due diligence required of states under international human rights law. As a result of their "fix," among other things transnationals would have fewer remedial responsibilities.
assignPOP: An r package for population assignment using genetic, non‐genetic, or integrated data in a machine‐learning framework

Summary 1.The use of biomarkers (e.g., genetic, microchemical, and morphometric characteristics) to discriminate among and assign individuals to a population can benefit species conservation and management by facilitating our ability to understand population structure and demography. 2.Tools that can evaluate the reliability of large genomic datasets for population discrimination and assignment, as well as allow their integration with non-genetic markers for the same purpose, are lacking. Our R package, assignPOP, provides both functions in a supervised machine-learning framework. 3.assignPOP uses Monte-Carlo and K-fold cross-validation procedures, as well as principal component analysis (PCA), to estimate assignment accuracy and membership probabilities, using training (i.e., baseline source population) and test (i.e., validation) datasets that are independent. A user then can build a specified predictive model based on the relative sizes of these datasets and classification functions, including linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, naive Bayes, decision tree, and random forest. 4.assignPOP can benefit any researcher who seeks to use genetic or non-genetic data to infer population structure and membership of individuals. assignPOP is a freely available R package under the GPL license, and can be downloaded from CRAN or at https://github.com/alexkychen/assignPOP. A comprehensive tutorial can also be found at https://alexkychen.github.io/assignPOP/. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Defending Cyber-Physical Systems from Sensor Attacks

We address the problem of security of cyber-physical systems where some sensors may be malicious. We consider a multiple-input, multiple-output stochastic linear dynamical system controlled over a network of communication and computational nodes which contains (i) a controller that computes the inputs to be applied to the physical plant, (ii) actuators that apply these inputs to the plant, and (iii) sensors which measure the outputs of the plant. Some of these sensors, however, may be malicious. The malicious sensors do not report the true measurements to the controller. Rather, they report false measurements that they fabricate, possibly strategically, so as to achieve any objective that they may have, such as destabilizing the closed-loop system or increasing its running cost. Recently, it was shown that under certain conditions, an approach of “dynamic watermarking” can secure such a stochastic linear dynamical system in the sense that either the presence of malicious sensors in the system is detected, or the malicious sensors are constrained to adding a distortion that can only be of zero power to the noise already entering the system. The first contribution of this paper is to generalize this result to partially observed MIMO systems with both process and observation noises, a model which encompasses some of the previous models for which dynamic watermarking was established to guarantee security. This result, similar to the prior ones, is shown to hold when the controller subjects the reported sequence of measurements to two particular tests of veracity. The second contribution of this paper is in showing, via counterexamples, that both of these tests are needed in order to secure the control system in the sense that if any one of these two tests of sensor veracity is dropped, then the above guarantee does not hold. Finally, a survey of recent results in Dynamic Watermarking is presented, along with a laboratory demonstration in securing a prototypical intelligent transportation system. The proposed approach has several potential applications, including in smart grids, automated transportation, and process control.
Performance of vacuum plasma spray and HVOF bond coatings at 900° and 1100 °C

Abstract The effects of Ti and B additions to a vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) NiCoCrAlYHfSi bond coating on thermal barrier coating (TBC) performance were studied at 1100 °C and 900 °C and compared to high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) bond coatings. Using alloy 247 substrates and air plasma sprayed Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 top coatings, additions of B or Ti + B did not improve the average TBC lifetime in 1-h cycles at 1100 °C in air with 10% H2O. The addition of Ti resulted in a decrease in lifetime. Photo-stimulated luminescence spectroscopy was used to map residual stresses in the thermally-grown Al2O3 scale. At 900 °C, closer to a typical land based turbine operating bond coating temperature, specimens were examined after ten 500-h cycles in laboratory air and air with 10%H2O to study the effect of H2O. The addition of water vapor had little effect on the measured parabolic rate constants at 900 °C and a comparison of the oxide microstructures in both environments is reported.
Microbial pollution characterization at a TMDL site in Michigan: Source identification

Abstract Communities throughout the Great Lakes basin are developing and implementing watershed management plans to address non-point sources of pollution and meet Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) requirements. Investigating sources of microbial contamination in key streams and creeks is critical for the development of effective watershed management plans. This work aims to present an approach that will facilitate source identification. In addition to conventional indicator analysis, the approach includes molecular analysis of species-specific markers and microbial community diversity analysis. We characterized microbial pollution in the Sloan Creek subwatershed in Ingham County MI, an impaired area, located in the Great Lakes Basin. To identify pollution sources (human or animal) and major sites of origin (tributaries with highest pollution loads) water samples were collected from three locations in the subwatershed representing the main creek upstream, main creek downstream, and tributary. A fecal indicator (E. coli) and host-specific human and bovine-associated Bacteroides genetic markers were quantified in all water samples. Results indicated that 54% of the samples from the three locations exceeded the recreational E.coli water quality guidelines. High concentrations of both human and bovine associated-Bacteroides indicated influence of multiple sources of fecal contamination. Statistical tests showed significantly different water characteristics between two of the sampling locations. Whole genome shotgun sequencing indicated fecal and sewer signatures, wastewater metagenome, human gut metagenome, and rumen gut metagenome in the water samples. Results suggested that probable sources of contamination were leakage from septic systems and runoff from agriculture activities nearby to Sloan Creek.
Neural bases of complex sound perception: Insights from an avian speech mimic

Many complex sounds including speech contain periodic fluctuations in signal level known as amplitude modulation (AM). Auditory-nerve fibers encode AM primarily through response synchrony to signal modulation. In contrast, neurons of the midbrain encode AM through both response synchrony and substantial changes in average discharge rate. Specifically, many midbrain neurons with band-pass modulation tuning show enhanced discharge activity in response to a limited range of modulation frequencies. Here, we describe several recent studies on the relative importance of envelope synchrony vs. average rate coding in the midbrain for AM perception. Behavioral and neurophysiological experiments were conducted in the budgerigar, an avian species with the unusual capacity to mimic speech. Budgerigars were found to exhibit human-like behavioral sensitivity to a variety of complex sounds including AM stimuli and synthetic vowels with triangular and natural spectral envelopes. Most neurons in the budgerigar midbrain sh...
Using redox proteomics to identify oxidized proteins in Arabidopsis roots that modulate development

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are second messengers that reversibly oxidize cysteine residues to sulfenic acids to alter the activity of redox-sensitive proteins. To cope with high levels of ROS, plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms including synthesis of ROS scavenging proteins and small molecule antioxidants, such as flavonols. The Arabidopsis tt4 mutant produces no flavonols and has increased numbers of root hairs and lateral roots. Consistent with the absence of flavonol antioxidants, tt4 has increased fluorescence from two ROS sensors, DCF and Peroxy Orange 1, which detect all ROS and H2O2, respectively. A mutation in the gene encoding RBOHE leads to reduced ROS and decreased lateral roots. These results are consistent with flavonol-modulated ROS altering lateral root emergence. We are using a dimedone probe, DCP-BIOTIN1, which binds to sulfenic acids to isolate oxidized proteins. The abundance of oxidized proteins is elevated in tt4 compared to wild type. A proteomic approach is being used to identify which proteins are differentially oxidized between tt4 and wild-type. The function of these proteins will be examined using mutants with the goal of identifying the ROS signaling network that defines root architecture.