cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
University of Iowa Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology partners with Preeclampsia Foundation

The Preeclampsia Foundation is the only national 501(c)(3) not-for-profit patient advocacy organization serving the 5-8% of pregnant women - 300,000 women each year in the U.S. - who are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia (formerly known as toxemia), eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Their mission is to reduce maternal and infant illness and death due to preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by providing patient support and education, raising public awareness, catalyzing research and improving healthcare practices. The Preeclampsia Foundation and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Iowa will be co-hosting a continuing medical education course on October 18, 2013, “Controversies in the Care of Women with Preeclampsia: A National Debate.” For additional information, contact CME Division, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine at 319-335-8599.
Legionella Epidemiologic and Environmental Risks

Legionella bacteria cause Legionnaires’ disease (LD), a severe and potentially fatal pneumonia. Legionellosis has been increasing in the USA and in Europe. We reviewed the literature to describe host factors predisposing to LD, environmental factors facilitating Legionella proliferation, and transmission modes leading to legionellosis cases and outbreaks. Men, smokers, and persons 50 years and older, or with chronic pulmonary or immunocompromising conditions, are at risk for LD. Stagnated water and warm water temperature promote Legionella growth. Most legionellosis cases result from exposure to aerosolized contaminated water from man-made water systems, including hot tubs and whirlpool spas; hot water systems in large buildings, hotels, and hospitals; and cooling towers. Water management plans for hot water systems at hospitals, long-term care facilities, and large buildings are important to help prevent LD, and careful epidemiologic investigations remain essential in controlling and preventing legionellosis outbreaks.
The Dynamics of News: Journalism in the 21st-Century Media Milieu

This new and highly readable textbook by Richard M. Perloff introduces students to the complex world of contemporary news and its theoretical underpinnings, engaging with debates and ethical quandaries. The book takes readers on a concept-guided tour of the contours, continuities, and changing features of news. It covers a huge breadth of topics including: the classic theories of what news should do, its colorful history in America and popular myths of news, the overarching forces involved in contemporary news gathering, critical economic determinants of news and social system influences, and innovative trends in the future of journalism. Drawing on scholarship in the fields of journalism studies and sociology of news, Perloff offers readers a critical, in-depth exploration of news filled with relevant examples from newspapers, newscasts, and social media. Students of journalism, communication, sociology, politics, and related courses, as well as inquisitive scholars, will find this book’s intellectual focus enriching, the writing and examples engaging, and the thoroughness of its search of the contemporary media scene invigorating. Boxes summarizing theory and key concepts help students to deepen their understanding of both what news is now and its future.
The Art of Seduction

Having explored the implications of experiencing one’s femininity as a form of generosity of self, a gift of self that is whole-hearted and generous, I then explore, in this chapter, the structure of this gift. There is an art of giving of oneself that must be rediscovered. This is the art form that is implied in the Shulamite’s repeated warning to the daughters of Jerusalem to “not arouse or awaken love until it is ready.” This warning constitutes a sharp contrast with the generally sensual and reckless lovemaking of the Song. From this contrast, I show that two voices of wisdom are to be heard in our text: That of sensuality and that of discretion, and that the art of seduction hangs precisely on the ability to protect the delicate balance between these two voices.
Adhesion to fibronectin's EDb domain induces tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in Balb/c 3T3 cells.

Balb/c 3T3 cell adhesion on substrata coated with fibronectin's (FN) alternatively-spliced EDb, implicated in some tumor cell systems, and its neighboring type III repeats (III7 and III8) induced intracellular signaling coincident with morphological responses. These events were analysed using minigene-expressed proteins containing various permutations of type III repeats of FN. Cells adherent to the tri-repeat protein 7-EDb-8 were compared to those attached to the tri-repeat 8-9-10 which can interact with integrins through RGD and its synergistic sequences. Cell adhesion to 7-EDb-8 generated rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of several intra-cellular proteins (particularly the complex at 120-130 kD), with the overall phosphorylation level and its sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors similar to responses on the 8-9-10 tri-repeat. This similarity contrasted with the differential morphological responses of cells mediated by these proteins. Further analysis of the kinetics of pho sphorylation through immunoblotting of two focal adhesion proteins, p125FAK and p130cas, revealed a profile for Balb/c 3T3 adhesion to 7-EDb-8 distinct from that on 8-9-10. EDb mono-repeat was also more potent for inducing both limited cell spreading and FAK tyrosine phosphorylation than its neigh-boring repeats III7 or III8. Examination of cellular localization of FAK and vinculin showed that cells spread on the 7-EDb-8 substratum displayed vinculin-positive focal complex-like structures at the cell periphery, in contrast to the classical focal adhesions seen in 8-9-10-adherent cells. These results suggest that EDb induces cell signaling events, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins, through a mechanism different from that mediated by integrins recognizing sequences in III8-9-10. EDb-dependent signaling may have special significance in some tumor systems. © Rapid Science 1998
Optimum Design of a Spring-Loaded Linkage Mechanism in the Presence of Friction for Static Balancing

The influence of friction in a spring-assisted automotive hood mechanism in the presence of joint friction, is investigated. The objective is to optimally introduce joint friction to keep the hood opened in static equilibrium over a wide range of positions. Several criteria have been investigated to optimally determine the spring parameters, their attachment points as well as the friction at the joints, while minimizing the opening and closing force of the hood. How to cite this article: Denizhan O, Chew M. Optimum Design of a Spring-Loaded Linkage Mechanism in the Presence of Friction for Static Balancing. J Engr Desg Anal 2019; 2(1): 5-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2582.5607.201901
Reconstructing the World* in Six Days *(As Captured by the Yahoo 100 Million Image Dataset)

We propose a novel, large-scale, structure-from-motion framework that advances the state of the art in data scalability from city-scale modeling (millions of images) to world-scale modeling (several tens of millions of images) using just a single computer. The main enabling technology is the use of a streaming-based framework for connected component discovery. Moreover, our system employs an adaptive, online, iconic image clustering approach based on an augmented bag-of-words representation, in order to balance the goals of registration, comprehensiveness, and data compactness. We demonstrate our proposal by operating on a recent publicly available 100 million image crowdsourced photo collection containing images geographically distributed throughout the entire world. Results illustrate that our streaming-based approach does not compromise model completeness, but achieves unprecedented levels of efficiency and scalability.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene expression during fermentation of Pinot noir wines at industrially relevant scale

Abstract During a wine fermentation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae transforms grape must through metabolic activities that generate ethanol and other compounds. Thousands of genes change expression over the course of a wine fermentation to allow S. cerevisiae to adapt to and dominate the fermentation environment. Investigations into these gene expression patterns have previously revealed genes that underlie cellular adaptation to the grape must and wine environment involving metabolic specialization and ethanol tolerance. However, the vast majority of studies detailing gene expression patterns have occurred in controlled environments that do not recapitulate the biological and chemical complexity of fermentations performed at production scale. Here, we present an analysis of the S. cerevisiae RC212 gene expression program across 40 pilot-scale fermentations (150 liters) using Pinot noir grapes from 10 California vineyards across two vintages. We observe a core gene expression program across all fermentations irrespective of vintage similar to that of laboratory fermentations, in addition to novel gene expression patterns likely related to the presence of non-Saccharomyces microorganisms and oxygen availability during fermentation. These gene expression patterns, both common and diverse, provide insight into Saccharomyces cerevisiae biology critical to fermentation outcomes at industry-relevant scales. Importance This study characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC212 gene expression during Pinot noir fermentation at pilot scale (150 liters) using production-relevant conditions. The reported gene expression patterns of RC212 is generally similar to that observed in laboratory fermentation conditions, but also contains gene expression signatures related to yeast-environment interactions found in a production setting (e.g., presence of non-Saccharomyces microorganisms). Key genes and pathways highlighted by this work remain under-characterized, raising the need for further research to understand the roles of these genes and their impact on industrial wine fermentation outcomes.
DTV/LTE antennas with no physical structure for laptop computers

This paper proposes a DTV/LTE antenna design without physical structure for laptop computers. By changing the laptop’s right revolving axis to a non-conductor material and exciting several dipoles ...
A New Argument for the Next Kahler v. Kansas: Due Process Demands more than Cognitive Incapacity

Despite the Supreme Court's recent decision in Kahler v. Kansas, there is a compelling argument that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires an insanity excuse in criminal cases that is broader than cognitive incapacity. Even though not every American jurisdiction has always provided a moral incapacity insanity excuse, history shows that the Anglo-American legal tradition has always required more than cognitive capacity as a prerequisite to criminal culpability. A survey of early English legal writers, along with authoritative English cases prior to the famous explanation of insanity in M'Naghten's Case in 1843, shows that England long employed both cognitive and moral incapacity as excuses from criminal liability. Aside from a few American jurisdictions employing the volitional incapacity excuse or the product-of-insanity test, the same was true of America from colonial times up through the twentieth century. Not until the 1950s did any American jurisdiction reduce the mental prerequisites to criminal liability to mere cognitive capacity, and by the beginning of the twenty-first century, only six states had done so. The Supreme Court should recognize that the American tradition and conscience requires an insanity excuse that is broader than the cognitive incapacity excuse.
Transition to practice for the new graduate NP: A checklist and guide to understanding next steps

The transition to practice for the newly graduated nurse practitioner requires multiple steps. While accessible through multiple outlets it is cumbersome to gather. This article outlines a singular resource of next steps for the new graduate outlining the process for a successful transition to professional practice. A time-oriented checklist of essential tasks to keep the new graduate organized can reduce stress and delay on their path to becoming a nurse practitioner.
Support for the Reliability and Validity of the National Institutes of Health Impact Stratification Score in a Sample of Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain.

Author(s): Hays, Ron D; Orlando Edelen, Maria; Rodriguez, Anthony; Herman, Patricia | Abstract: ObjectiveEvaluate the Impact Stratification Score (ISS) measure of low back pain impact that assesses physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity.DesignSecondary analyses of a prospective comparative effectiveness trial of active-duty military personnel with low back pain.SettingA Naval hospital at a military training site (Pensacola, Florida) and two military medical centers: 1) Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (Bethesda, Maryland); and 2) San Diego Naval Medical Center.SubjectsThe 749 active-duty military personnel had an average age of 31 years, 76% were male, and 67% were white.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. Measures included the ISS, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), PROMIS-29 v1.0 satisfaction with social role participation scale, and single-item ratings of average pain, feeling bothered by low back pain in the past week, and a rating of change in low back pain.ResultsInternal consistency reliability for the ISS was 0.92-0.93 at the three time points. The ISS correlated 0.75 to 0.84 with the RMDQ, 0.51 to 0.78 with the single-item ratings, and -0.64 to -0.71 with satisfaction with social role participation. The ISS was responsive to change on the three single items. The area under the curve for the ISS predicting improvement on the rating of change from baseline to 6 weeks later was 0.83.ConclusionsThis study provides support for the reliability and validity of the ISS as a patient-reported summary measure for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain. The ISS is a useful indicator of low back impact.
Sleep Medicine Health-Care Worker Concerns About COVID-19: An Early Pandemic Survey.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has produced numerous safety concerns for sleep medicine patients and health-care workers, especially related to the use of aerosol-generating positive airway pressure devices. Differences between physician and sleep technologist concerns with regard to viral exposure and mitigation strategies may inform protocols to ensure safety and promote patient and health-care worker resilience and retention. METHODS: An anonymous online survey aimed at sleep medicine practitioners was active from April 29, 2020 to May 8, 2020. RESULTS: We obtained 379 responses, including from 75 physicians and 283 technologists. The proportion of all the respondents who were extremely/very concerned about the following: exposing patients (70.8%), exposing technologists (81.7%), and droplet (82.7%) and airborne (81.6%) transmission from CPAP. The proportion of respondents who felt that aerosol precautions were extremely/very important varied by scenario: always needed (45.6%); only with CPAP (25.9%); and needed, despite negative viral testing (67.0%). More technologists versus physicians rated the following as extremely/very important: testing parents for COVID-19 (71.2 vs 47.5%; P = .01), high-efficiency particulate air filters (75.1 vs 61.8%; P = .02), and extremely/very concerned about shared-ventilation systems (65.9 vs 51.5%; shared ventilation P = .041). The respondents in northeastern and western United States were more concerned about the availability of COVID-19 testing than were those in other regions of the United States. Among the total number of respondents, 68.0% expected a ≥ 50% drop in patients willing to have in-laboratory testing, with greatest drops anticipated in northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep health-care workers reported high levels of concern about exposure to COVID-19. Physicians and technologists generally showed high concordance with regard to the need for mitigation strategies, but the respondents differed widely with regard to which strategies were necessary.
Novel venous thromboembolism mouse model to evaluate the role of complete and partial factor XIII deficiency in pulmonary embolism risk.

BACKGROUND Venous thrombosis (VT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), collectively venous thromboembolism (VTE), cause high mortality and morbidity. Factor XIII (FXIII) crosslinks fibrin to enhance thrombus stability and consequently may influence PE risk. Elucidating mechanisms contributing to PE is limited by a lack of models that recapitulate human PE characteristics. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a mouse model that permits embolization of red blood cell (RBC)- and fibrin-rich VT and determine the contribution of FXIII to PE risk. METHODS AND RESULTS In a thrombin-infusion PE model, F13a+/+ , F13a+/- , and F13a-/- mice had similar incidence of microthrombi in the lungs; however, thrombi were small, with low RBC content (≤7%), unlike human PEs (~70%). To identify a model producing PE consistent with histological characteristics of human PE, we compared mouse femoral vein electrolytic injury, femoral vein FeCl3 injury, and infrarenal vena cava (IVC) stasis models of VT. Electrolytic and FeCl3 models produced small thrombi with few RBCs (5% and 4%, respectively), whereas IVC stasis produced large thrombi with higher RBC content (68%) that was similar to human PEs. After IVC stasis and ligature removal (de-ligation) to permit thrombus embolization, compared to F13a+/+ mice, F13a+/- and F13a-/- mice had similar and increased PE incidence, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared to thrombin infusion-, electrolytic injury-, and FeCl3 -based models, IVC stasis produces thrombi that are more histologically similar to human thrombi. IVC stasis followed by de-ligation permits embolization of existing RBC- and fibrin-rich thrombi. Complete FXIII deficiency increases PE incidence, but partial deficiency does not.
Reciprocal effects between depressive symptoms and pain in veterans over 50.

Objective Depression and chronic pain are major problems in American veterans, yet there is limited long-term research examining how they relate to one another in this population. This study examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain in U.S. veterans aged 50+. Methods This study used data on veterans from the 2002-2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (n = 4,302), a large-scale observational study of Americans aged 50+. Measures included a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and two items assessing the presence and degree of pain. Analyses included random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM). Results In the RI-CLPM, there were roughly equivalent cross-lagged effects between depressive symptoms and pain. There was also evidence that depressive symptoms and pain have a trait-like component and that these trait-like characteristics are associated. Conclusions These findings indicate that depressive symptoms and pain in veterans are stable characteristics in American veterans over 50. There appear to be reciprocal effects between the two, whereby deviations in one's typical depressive symptoms predict subsequent deviations in one's pain level and vice-versa; however, the size of these effects is very small. These findings suggest that clinicians should treat both depressive symptoms and pain, rather than assume that treatment benefits in one domain will lead to major benefits in another.
Autonomous weapon systems and the claim-rights of innocents on the battlefield

A goal of any modern war ought to be the minimization of innocent death and injury, while at the same time, maximizing the potential to decisively defeat the enemy as quickly and efficiently as is possible. As the techniques for warfighting have evolved, a growing trend of reliance on sophisticated technology has followed. Likely, autonomous systems will increasingly play a role—lethal and non-lethal—in future wars. Much of the current debate surrounding such autonomous systems—autonomous weapons systems (AWS) to be exact—is “pre-implementational” and potentially lags the political and military realities in the. Nations and non-nation state groups are actively pursuing the possibility of deploying such systems on the battlefield. The “pre-implementation” nature of these discussions risks making any one of them irrelevant as these nations continue to move ahead with development. As such, philosophers, military tacticians, political leaders, and other researchers in the field of artificial intelligence ethics must “get ahead of the curve” and examine what the battlefield and the laws of armed conflict ought to look like when—not if—such systems are deployed. Supporting this move from “pre-implementation” to “post-implementation”, this paper makes a normative claim about the nature of the relationship between innocents on the battlefield and combatants, given certain pre-conditions are met. I argue that, if and only if autonomous weapon systems reach a point in their development where they are capable of being both more discriminating in their target selection and more proportionate in their response to threats, then innocents on the battlefield1 (as a social kind) have a claim-right to not be unjustly harmed against both sets of combatants, claiming that AWS be used in place of human soldiers.
Managerial communication: a listener-based approach to professional presentations

Provides a listener-based approach to increase the effectiveness of managerial presentations, especially for professionals in the engineering field. The persuasive speaking strategies presented are based on both rhetorical theory and tested practices in businesses. >
Preparation of compact biocompatible quantum dots using multicoordinating molecular-scale ligands based on a zwitterionic hydrophilic motif and lipoic acid anchors

To be useful for biological assays, quantum dots need to be made soluble and stable in biologically relevant matrices. In this protocol, a ligand containing a lipoic acid–zwitterion moiety capable of photoligation to the quantum dot is used.
A Review of “Love, Intimacy, and the African American Couple”

Love, Intimacy, and the African American Couple is designed to help therapists and researchers address African American couples’ challenges related to romantic relationships from a culturally sensi...
Sharp Bounds for the Probability of the Union of Events Under Unimodality Condition

Linear programming problem is formulated for bounding the probability of the union of events, where the probability distribution of the occurrences is supposed to be unimodal with known mode and some of the binomial moments of the events are also known. Using a theorem on combinatorial determinants the dual feasible bases of a relaxed problem are fully described. The bounds for the probability of the union are presented in the form of formulas as well as the results of customized algorithmic solution of the LPs involved.
Information gap analysis for decision support systems in evidence-based medicine

The objective of evidence-based medicine is to come to well reasoned and justified clinical decisions regarding an individual patient's case based on the integration of case-specific knowledge, medical expertise, and the best available clinical evidence. One significant challenge implicated in this pursuit stems from the volume of relevant information that can easily exceed what can reasonably be assessed. Thus intelligent systems that can mine and synthesize vast amounts of information would be invaluable. The reconciliation of such systems with the complexity and subtlety of decision support in medicine requires specialized capabilities. One untapped capability is furnished through the gap in information between what is known and what needs to be known to justify a decision. In this paper, we explore the value of an information gap analysis for robust decision-making in the context of evidence-based medicine with an eye to the potential role in automated evidence-based reasoning systems.
Making Watson fast

IBM Watson™ is a system created to demonstrate DeepQA technology by competing against human champions in a question-answering game designed for people. The DeepQA architecture was designed to be massively parallel, with an expectation that low latency response times could be achieved by doing parallel computation on many computers. This paper describes how a large set of deep natural-language processing programs were integrated into a single application, scaled out across thousands of central processing unit cores, and optimized to run fast enough to compete in live Jeopardy!™ games.
Recent progress in asymmetric intermolecular CH activation by rhodium carbenoid intermediates

Abstract Intermolecular CH insertion with rhodium carbenoid intermediates is a very promising method for CH activation. By using carbenoids derived from vinyl and phenyl diazoacetates, highly selective CH insertions can be achieved. High asymmetric induction is obtained when dirhodium tetraprolinates ( 24 – 27 ) are used as catalysts. Remarkably, with certain substrates, excellent diastereocontrol is also possible.
Reduced Performance of Two Specialist Herbivores (Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on New Leaves of Damaged Black Mustard Plants

This study addressed whether prior damage to black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, would reduce growth, herbivory, or mortality of two specialist herbivores on new leaves. Plants received either no initial damage or 12 h of feeding by two third instars of Pieris rapae (L.) or 50 adult Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) when plants had four leaves. Later, the seventh leaf of plants was either harvested for measurement of trichome density and glucosinolate concentration or enclosed in a mesh cage containing two neonate P. rapae or 10 adult P. cruciferae. Caged herbivores were measured for mass gain, leaf consumption, and mortality after 1 wk. Damage by P. rapae caused substantial increases in trichome density and sinigrin concentration, whereas damage by P. cruciferae had no effect. Larvae of P. rapae grew 30% more slowly on plants initially damaged by conspecifics than on control plants. Percent herbivory by P. rapae was 33% lower on plants initially damaged by either P. rapae or P. cruciferae than on control plants. Growth rate and percent herbivory by P. cruciferae were not generally affected by prior plant damage. However, mortality of P. cruciferae was 84% higher on plants previously damaged by conspecifics than on control plants. Together, the data demonstrate that induction responses negatively affected both Pieris and Phyllotreta and suggest that trichomes may be relatively important in the increased resistance. Test herbivores generally performed similarly on plants damaged by either herbivore, suggesting a low specificity of effect for the induction response.
Higher Dislocation Density of Arsenic-Doped HgCdTe Material

There is a well-known direct negative correlation between dislocation density and optoelectronic device performance. Reduction in detector noise associated with dislocations is an important target for improvement of mercury cadmium telluride (Hg1−x Cd x Te)-based material in order to broaden its use in the very long-wavelength infrared (VLWIR) regime. The lattice mismatch and differences in physical properties between substrates and the epitaxial Hg1−x Cd x Te layers cause an increased threading dislocation density. As demonstrated in this work, the presence of arsenic impurities via p-type doping in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown epitaxial crystal structure increases the etch pit density (EPD) of Hg1−x Cd x Te grown on Si substrates but not on CdZnTe substrates. This EPD increase is not observed in indium n-type-doped Hg1−x Cd x Te grown on either Si or CdZnTe substrates. This trend is also seen in layers with different cadmium compositions. All of the EPD variations of the structures studied here are shown to be independent of the MBE machine used to grow the structure. The fundamentals of this higher EPD are not yet completely understood.
Concentration of butyltin species in sediments associated with shipyard activity.

Tributyltin (TBT) and dibutyltin (DBT) were analyzed in sediment samples collected from intertidal locations in Portland and Boothbay Harbor, Maine (USA) in 1990 and 1992. Surface sediment TBT concentrations ranged from 24 to 12 400 ng gm−1 (dry wt basis). Sediments with the highest TBT concentrations were associated with shipyard hull washing/refinishing activities. Analysis of different layers in core samples found that butyltin concentrations decreased with depth at the Boothbay site and remained relatively constant with depth at the Portland site. Elutriate analysis showed that soluble TBT was released from a heavily contaminated sediment. The resulting TBT seawater concentration 1400 ng liter−1 was < 0.03% of reported seawater solubilities of TBT and was only 0.14% of the total TBT in the sediment sample. This suggests that the TBT in the sediments analyzed is in a bound matrix form, such as paint particles, that releases the biocide slowly. The results indicate that there is a potential for future release of TBT from the resuspension of fine sediments at certain locations in Maine.
A culturally specific dietary plan to manage weight gain among African American breast cancer survivors: a feasibility study.

Breast cancer survival rates are lower in African Americans (AAs) than in Caucasians, owing in part to a higher prevalence of obesity in the former, which increases the risk of recurrence and mortality. The Women’s Intervention Nutrition Study (WINS) found that Caucasian women who followed a low-fat eating plan experienced a lower rate of cancer recurrence than women who maintained their usual diets. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a WINS plan tailored to the cultural needs of AA breast cancer survivors. This feasibility pilot study was conducted at a university National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center outpatient clinic with AA breast cancer survivors. The culturally specific WINS (WINS-c) plan included eight individual counseling sessions, five educational group meetings, and follow-up telephone calls over a 1-year period. Outcome measures included dietary fat, triglyceride, insulin and glucose levels, and fruit and vegetable intake. Participants (n = 8) h...
Nomenclature of the "Eastern lowland gorilla".

I GREATLY regret that I did not make myself entirely clear in my last communication1. Dr Corbet implies that I rejected the name Gorilla graueri because it referred to an atypical population; this is not the case. I am well aware that the name would have to stand for the sub-species were it the earliest available name. I tried to show, however, that it is not the earliest available name.
Immunogenicity of Z-DNA depends on the size of polynucleotide presented in complexes with methylated BSA.

Abstract The importance of polynucleotide size for immunogenicity was tested with size-fractionated Z-DNA. High molecular weight Z-DNA, larger than 1000 bp, was fragmented by digestion with micrococcal nuclease. Fractions corresponding to 1000 bp Z-DNA were mixed with methylated BSA and the complexes were injected into C57BL/6 mice with RIBI adjuvant. Only one of four mice responded to the
Implication of histidine at the active site of hemerythrin.

Abstract Results presented here indicate that four of the seven histidine residues in hemerythrin are coordinated to the iron to form the active site. The data also suggest that the lysine groups are not involved in iron coordination.
Summer season land cover—Convective cloud associations for the midwest U.S. “Corn Belt”

Human-induced land cover modifications impact the planetary boundary layer's (PBL) thermal and moisture regimes on mesoscales. We investigate the association of croplands, forest, and the crop-forest “boundary” (CFB) with convective-cloud development (timing, amount) for three target areas (TAs) in the U.S. Midwest “Corn Belt”, during the summer seasons (JJA) 1991–98. For each land cover, hourly satellite-retrieved albedo and cloud-top temperature values are composited for three classes of mid-tropospheric synoptic circulation. On days with the strongest anticyclonicity, there are no consistent differences in convection related to land cover type: cloud development is regionalized and tied primarily to synoptic conditions. However, on days having weaker anticyclonicity the CFB is the dominant site of free convection, suggesting that Non-Classical Mesoscale Circulations (NCMCs) between cropped and adjacent forest areas may operate when reduced subsidence in the mid-troposphere does not effectively cap the PBL. Index terms: Land/atmosphere interactions (3322), Mesoscale meteorology (3329), Climate dynamics (1620), Anthropogenic effects (1803).
Interactions between rigid-body and flexible-body motions in maneuvering spacecraft

The present consideration of the significant interactions between rigid-body and flexible-body motions in maneuvering spacecraft proceeds by distinguishing between the two types of motion on the basis of a tracking coordinate system which coincides with the rigid-body component of the motion, as well as by maintaining the motion relative to the tracking coordinate as orthogonal to the rigid-body motion. The elastic motion is excited by the rigid-body motion via Coriolis terms, angular acceleration terms, and centrifugal terms. These interactions are illustrated for spacecraft undergoing bidirectional elastic motions via the dynamics of constantly rotating free-free beams subject to combined bending and longitudinal vibration.
Model for minority-carrier band-gap states in semiconductors.

A variational calculation is presented for the energies of electrons and holes which interact with a random distribution of donor impurities in a semiconductor. At high density, smaller band-gap narrowing is predicted for a random distribution than for an ordered one. A new model is presented for the minority-carrier states in the band gap.
Role of Arginine 59 in the γ-Class Carbonic Anhydrases†

The functional role of the highly conserved active site Arg 59 in the prototype of the γ-class carbonic anhydrase Cam (carbonic anhydrase from Methanosarcina thermophila) was investigated. Variants...
Molecular evidence for the induction of large interstitial deletions on mouse chromosome 8 by ionizing radiation.

The P19H22 mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line is characterized by a hemizygous deficiency for the chromosome 8 encoded aprt (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase) gene and heterozygosity for many chromosome 8 loci. We have previously demonstrated that this cell line is suitable for mutational studies because it is permissive of events ranging in size from base-pair substitutions at the aprt locus to apparent loss of chromosome 8. Large mutational events, defined by loss of the remaining aprt allele, were found to predominate in spontaneous mutants and those induced by ionizing radiation (Turker et al., Mutation Res., 329, 97–105, 1995). In this study we have used a PCR based assay to screen for loss of heterozygosity at microsatellite loci both proximal and distal to aprt in 137Cs-induced and spontaneous aprt mutants. This approach allowed us to distinguish apparent interstitial deletional events from apparent recombinational events. Significantly, 32.5% (26 of 80) of the mutational events induced by 137Cs appeared to be interstitial deletions as compared with 7.7% (6 of 78) in the spontaneous group. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001) suggesting that exposure to 137Cs caused a significant number of deletion mutations. Most 137Cs-induced interstitial deletions were larger than 6 cM, whereas none of the spontaneous deletions were larger than 6 cM. These results provide further support for the notion that ionizing radiation induces deletion mutations and validate the use of the P19H22 cell line for the study of events induced by ionizing radiation.
Nucleation of cavities at second phase particles in grain boundaries

Abstract A kinetic approach is used, to explain the nucleation of cavities in grain boundaries at elevated temperature. Under the influence of a tensile stress, vacancies cluster together and form cavities. However a free energy barrier exists for the nucleation of a cluster which is stable. Heterogeneous nucleation, especially at the junctions of grain boundaries and second phase particles, is favored. Also an incubation time is required to form a vacancy cluster of critical size. Its duration depends upon the volume of the cluster and the diffusivity of vacancies. In this manner a stress and time condition for the nucleation of cavities in grain boundaries is obtained.
Taste reactivity in the hamster.

Abstract Taste reactivity, which was first described in the rat, consists of ingestive and aversive response components, the latter seen mostly to bitter-tasting stimuli. The present experiment characterized the hamster's taste reactivity to an array of stimuli (sugars: 1 M sucrose, d-fructose and d-glucose; sodium salts: 1 M NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 and NaNO 3 ; acids: 30 mM HCl, tartaric acid and citric acid; bitter-tasting stimuli: 100 mM quinine hydrochloride and nicotine sulfate and 10 mM denatonium benzoate). These 12 stimuli were chosen to represent 3 examples each of stimuli that taste sweet, salty, sour, or bitter to humans; they were presented in random order via an intraoral fistula, one stimulus each day per animal (n=10). Infusions of 0.6 ml were delivered over a 1-min period from a syringe pump. Orofacial and somatic motor responses were recorded on videotape for later analysis and were also coded online into a computer. Ingestive responses included forward and lateral tongue protrusions and aversive responses included gaping, chin rubbing, forelimb flailing, fluid rejection, increased locomotion, and aversive posturing. Each stimulus group produced a characteristic pattern of these behaviors, with sugars eliciting only ingestive behaviors and the bitter stimuli evoking predominantly aversive responses. Both sodium salts and acids produced ingestive responses, as seen previously in the rat, although these stimuli also elicited aversive behaviors in the hamster, including gapes. The patterns of responses were characterized using multivariate procedures; the stimuli fell into distinct groups that were separated primarily along an hedonic dimension.
Photooxidation of aqueous ammonia with titania-based heterogeneous catalysts

The photoassisted oxidation of dilute aqueous ammonia (0–100 μM) to NO2− and NO3− was investigated over heterogeneous catalysts of TiO2 doped with iron oxide in quartz vessels and with radiation from mercury lamps. Effects on the reaction rate of varying concentration, radiation intensity, amount of catalyst, and pH were studied. The rate of ammonia consumption increased with radiation intensity and was independent of the amount of catalyst over the range of 0.1–1.0 g suspended in 50 ml of solution. In acidic solutions (pH 1–6), the simultaneous action of catalyst and radiation was needed, while in strongly basic solutions (pH 12) only illumination was required. Moreover, the nature and yields of products were dependent on pH: in acidic solutions NO3− was the main product and in basic solutions NO2− was the primary one. Control experiments showed that the reaction rate increased with pH in the absence of catalyst, and the catalyst was active only when irradiated. The reaction was first-order in NH3. The chemical reaction and the mechanism of the photooxidation of NH3 are discussed.
Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Other Devices for End-Stage Heart Failure: Utility of Echocardiography

The burgeoning ranks of patients with heart failure, the limited number of organs available for heart transplant, and technological improvements have made ventricular assist devices (VADs) important therapeutic options for patients with acute and chronic cardiac decompensation. The increased use of VADs is paralleled by an increased use of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography to 1) assist in the selection of patients for VAD therapy and VADs to meet patient needs; 2) identify important anatomic considerations prior to implant; 3) guide placement of VADs; 4) diagnose the etiology of VAD dysfunction; and 5) guide the weaning from VAD support and the optimization of VAD device settings. This review discusses types of VADs and the uses of echocardiography in the care of VAD patients.
The fronto-striatal arrest response in man.

Abstract The “arrest response” produced by stimulation in the posterior frontal region and adjacent striatum has been studied in 30 patients. In essence it consists in the arrest of voluntary movement and may show additional features such as post-stimulation confusion, inappropriate or garbled speech, overt mood changes, contraversive movement of head and eyes, and occasionally somatic sensation. In two cases the response was produced from both hemispheres in the same individual. There was no evidence of a relationship between the lateralization of effective stimuli and handedness. In addition to interruption of speech, simple repetitive movements of the hand were usually inhibited and a formal continuous performance test (pressing a key to specific visual stimuli) showed marked impairment during stimulation. EEG monitoring failed to show post-stimulation epileptiform activation in 285 stimuli in thirteen patients at currents sufficient to produce arrest. In one case with prolonged post-stimulation confusion, slow wave activity was recorded from the stimulation site and recovery from this coincided with return of the patient's responses to normal. Autonomic responses, predominantly arrest of respiration, were recorded from areas overlapping those of the arrest response. Ancillary evidence was reviewed supporting the role of the striatum as a modulator of sensory-motor activity and in this way being an essential mechanism in the anatomical representation of consciousness.
Gerota's Fascia Flap: An Alternative for Aortic Graft Coverage

The greater omentum is commonly used when there is a surgical indication for a barrier between an aortic graft and the abdominal contents. There are few other options when the omentum is not available. A novel approach is described for this purpose—Gerota's fascia flap. It is a simple, durable technique that can readily be used to provide extra tissue in the retroperitoneum for coverage of an aortic graft or possibly an aortic stump.
Anger and ventricular arrhythmias

Purpose of review Although anecdotal evidence has long suggested links between emotion and ventricular arrhythmia, more recent studies have prospectively demonstrated the arrhythmogenic effects of anger, as well as mechanisms underlying these effects. Recent findings Epidemiological studies reveal that psychological stress increases sudden death, as well as arrhythmias, in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, in populations during emotionally devastating disasters such as earthquake or war. Diary-based studies confirm that anger and other negative emotions can trigger potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Anger alters electrophysiological properties of the myocardium, including T-wave alternans, a measure of heterogeneity of repolarization, suggesting one mechanistic link between emotion and arrhythmia. Pilot studies of behavioral interventions have shown promise in decreasing arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Summary Anger and other strong emotions can trigger polymorphic, potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in vulnerable patients. Through autonomic changes including increased sympathetic activity and vagal withdrawal, anger leads to increases in heterogeneity of repolarization as measured by T-wave alternans, known to be associated with arrhythmogenesis, as well as increasing inducibility of arrhythmia. Further delineation of mechanisms linking anger and arrhythmia, and of approaches to decrease the detrimental effects of anger and other negative emotions on arrhythmogenesis, are important areas of future investigation.
Fine-Tuning ER-β Structure with PTMs

Estrogen receptor β is differentially regulated by alternative O-GlcNAcylation/O-phosphorylation at Ser 16 . NMR, CD, and molecular dynamics analyses of model peptides [1] show that these alternative modifications induce different peptide conformations, providing a molecular basis for their differential regulation of protein function.
Quantitative 3D petrography using x-ray tomography: Application to Bishop Tuff pumice clasts ☆

Abstract Textures are traditionally studied using the petrographic microscope, which limits observations to 2D sections of 3D objects. Given the difficulty in retrieving information on shapes, sizes and spatial distribution of objects in 3D from random sections, a method that can yield observations in 3D is highly desirable. X-ray tomography yields a 3D map of the linear X-ray attenuation coefficient, which is a function of the atomic number and density of the material, and the X-ray energy used. Based on the compositional contrasts between different phases, various phases can be identified in a rock. Pumice clasts, characterized by isolated crystals surrounded by a low-density matrix, are ideal for the application of this technique. We present our first results obtained using X-ray tomography for pumice clasts from the Bishop Tuff. Samples studied are from units F7 and F8, and are representative of the variability in density and crystal contents observed in the early erupted Bishop Tuff. Data were collected on the GeoSoilEnvironCARS beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, using a 22 keV monochromatic X-ray beam. Image analysis was performed using the software Blob3D. Brightness contrasts in the resulting images allow the separation of magnetite, sanidine, quartz (including minor plagioclase), glass and vesicles. Crystals smaller than 5 voxels in diameter cannot be quantified properly, mostly due to noise in the images. This constrains the spatial resolution of the resulting images, such that there is a trade-off between sample size and spatial resolution. We employed two runs with samples of varying sizes (5 and 10 mm) to obtain adequate resolution (voxel sizes, ca. 8 and 17 μm). We have previously studied quartz size distributions in Bishop pumice clasts using a crushing, sieving, and winnowing procedure. The agreement between our new and previous results is excellent. Quartz size distributions obtained using the tomography data are concave-upward on (population density vs. size plots) and resemble the size distributions for all quartz crystals (including both whole crystals and fragments). These size distributions were probably generated by fragmentation, through which large crystals were converted in a larger number of small crystals; petrographic observations suggest fragmentation occurred mostly under magmatic conditions. Sanidine size distributions are similar to those observed for quartz. Magnetite size distributions are typically linear, indicating a simple magmatic history, in contrast with the tektosilicates.