cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance-energy tradeoffs in cutset wireless sensor networks

This work explores performance vs. communication energy tradeoffs in wireless sensor networks that use the recently proposed cutset deployment strategy in which sensors are placed densely along a grid of intersecting lines. For a given number of sensors, intersensor spacing is less for a cutset network than for a conventional lattice deployment, so that cutset networks require less communication energy, albeit with some potential loss in network performance. Previous work analyzed the energy-performance tradeoffs for square-grid cutset networks in the context of specific decentralized algorithms for source localization based on received signal strength (RSS). The current work also considers the RSS based source localization problem. However, it takes a more fundamental approach to analyzing the tradeoff by considering a centralized task, minimum energy communication paths, Maximum Likelihood estimation algorithms and Cram´ er-Rao bounds. Moreover, it analyzes triangular and honeycomb cutset deployments, in addition to square-grid ones. The results indicate that cutset networks offer sizable decreases in energy with only modest losses of performance.
Identification and changes in activity of five thymidine kinase forms during the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum

Five forms of thymidine kinase have been identified on isoelectric focusing gels of Physarum polycephalum supernatants. Their isoelectric points are 5.9, 6.4, 6.7, 6.9 and 7.1. All are inhibited by deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate (dTTP). The activity of the pI 7.1 form does not change significantly during the cell cycle. The other four forms change in activity. About 1 h before metaphase the activity of the four more acidic forms is first detected. Their activity peaks during telophase, and by 1 h after metaphase there is a 50% decrease in activity of the 5.9 form. By 3 h after metaphase the activity of the 6.4 form has dropped more sharply than the activity of the 6.7 form. By 6 h after metaphase only the activity of the 6.9 form is present in significant amounts in addition to the 7.1 form. The activity of these new acidic forms probably accounts for the reported increase in total thymidine kinase activity during mitosis and early S phase.
Effect of body-scaled information on reaching in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a pilot study.

Purpose:This study examined body-scaled information that specifies the reach patterns of children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy and children with typical development.Methods:Nine children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (3-5 years) and 9 age-matched children with typical development participated in
First impressions and subsequent ratings of performance.

Abstract : The study was concerned with the relationships between first impressions and later ratings. It sought to determine whether the initial impressions newly arrived West Point cadets make on others are related to later ratings of their performance, including the Aptitude for Service Rating (ASR) which is a composite of ratings by peers and superiors. On the basis of brief observations, four officers rated a sample of 117 incoming cadets on a 12-item Appearance Rating Scale. In addition, on separate single items they attempted to predict the cadets' subsequent grades, demerits, and ASR. Agreement among the raters on the Appearance Rating Scale tended to be low (interrater reliabilities from .14 to .58). Nevertheless, combined ratings (means) of the four raters on the Appearance Rating Scale were significantly correlated with later ASR (r = .31) and with early and late ratings of performance during New Cadet Barracks (r = .25 and r = .38). On the single Aptitude Predictor item the pooled judgments of the raters were predictive of ASR (r = .34) only somewhat less than upperclassmen's ratings of New Cadens' duty performance after four weeks of close observation (r = .45). The raters failed to predict demerits or grades with single-item predictors of these criteria. Regardless of the low reliability among raters, this study suggests that appearance, as measured by the initial impressions one makes on others, is related to later peer ratings. (Author)
Cumulative achievement testing: progress testing in reverse.

This collaborative project between the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) and Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine explored the design and use of cumulative achievement tests in basic science education. In cumulative achievement testing, integrative end-of-unit tests are deliberately constructed to systematically retest topics covered in previous units as well as material from the just-completed unit. CWRU faculty developed and administered a series of six web-based cumulative achievement tests using retired United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 test material and tools provided by NBME's Customized Assessment Services, and trends in student performance were examined as the new CWRU basic science curriculum unfolded. This article provides the background information about test design and administration, as well as samples of score reporting information for students and faculty. While firm conclusions about the effectiveness of cumulative achievement testing ...
What Theories Do Audiences Want? Exploring the Demand Side

This article comments on a paper by Sumantra Ghoshal published in this issue of Academy of Management Learning & Education which argues that academic research related to the conduct of business and...
Obstacle avoidance via articulation

This article presents a practical implementation of the theory for articulation of spatial robots such as the PUMA and TRS type robots. The “Blueprint Algorithm” is introduced as a simple rule-based planning algorithm in which the geometry of interference takes on the role of a basis in a collision-free path planning process amongst obstacles. This implementation presents a novel idea of “Machine Intelligence Via Robot Geometry” which utilizes robot attributes such as workspace and dexterity.
Precipitation of ϵ carbide in martensite

Abstract The precipitation of ϵ carbide within large martensite laths in quenched-and-tempered 300M steel (silicon-modified AISI 4340 steel) was studied using thin foil electron microscopy. ϵ carbide precipitated along parallel rows inclined at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the lath boundary and usually in two variants. The Jack orientation relationship was commonly observed between ϵ carbide and martensite; in addition, a new relationship not reported elsewhere was also identified. The latter is consistent with a mechanism wherein carbide precipitation occurs directly from the austenite during the austenite-martensite transformation.
Boundedness and Nonemptiness of the Efficient Solution Sets in Multiobjective Optimization

For a given multiobjective optimization problem, we study recession properties of the sets of efficient solutions and properly efficient solutions. We work out various consequences based on the obtained recession properties, including a characterization for the boundedness and nonemptiness of the set of (properly) efficient solutions when the problem is a convex problem. We also show that the boundedness and nonemptiness of the set of efficient solutions is equivalent to that of the set of properly efficient solutions under an additional mild condition. Finally, we provide some new verifiable necessary conditions for the nonemptiness of the set of efficient solutions in terms of the associated recession functions and recession cones.
The role of conflict, culture, and myth in creating attitudinal commitment

Abstract Using qualitative methods, the authors examine commitment in the sports industry and specifically in a NASCAR context. Commitment, or the culmination of the customer-service provider relationship, plays a particularly critical role in NASCAR, for which more than 70% of fans consciously choose a current sponsor's brand over a competitor's. Previous research, primarily in the domain of business-to-business marketing, focuses on attitudinal, instrumental, and temporal components of commitment; this article examines attitudinal commitment within the NASCAR context. Whereas previous research conceptualizes attitudinal commitment as identification, value congruence, and affiliation, this research presents a wider view. Specifically, within the NASCAR consumption culture, hero/villain myths surrounding drivers create conflict that heightens attitudinal commitment to the sport. This research therefore offers implications regarding non-traditional components of attitudinal commitment.
Coupling of anatectic reactions and dissolution of accessory phases and the Sr and Nd isotope systematics of anatectic melts from a metasedimentary source

Advances in field observations and experimental petrology on anatectic products have motivated us to investigate the geochemical consequences of accessory mineral dissolution and nonmodal partial melting processes. Incorporation of apatite and monazite dissolution into a muscovite dehydration melting model allows us to examine the coupling of the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope systems in anatectic melts from a muscovite-bearing metasedimentary source. Modeling results show that (1) the Sm/Nd ratios and Nd isotopic compositions of the melts depend on the amount of apatite and monazite dissolved into the melt, and (2) the relative proportion of micas (muscovite and biotite) and feldspars (plagioclase and K-feldspar) that enter the melt is a key parameter determining the Rb/Sr and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of the melt. Furthermore, these two factors are not, in practice, independent. In general, nonmodal partial melting of a pelitic source results in melts following one of two paths in e_(Nd^-) ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratio space. A higher temperature, fluid-absent path (Path 1) represents those partial melting reactions in which muscovite/biotite dehydration and apatite but not monazite dissolution play a significant role; the melt will have elevated Rb/Sr, ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, Sm/Nd, and e_(Nd) values. In contrast, a lower temperature, fluid-fluxed path (Path 2) represents those partial melting reactions in which muscovite/biotite dehydration plays an insignificant role and apatite but not monazite stays in the residue; the melt will have lower Rb/Sr, ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, Sm/Nd, and e_(Nd) values than its source. The master variables controlling both accessory phase dissolution (and hence the Sm-Nd system), and melting reaction (and hence the Rb-Sr systematics) are temperature and water content. The complexity in Sr-Nd isotope systematics in metasediment-derived melts, as suggested in this study, will help us to better understand the petrogenesis for those granitic plutons that have a significant crustal source component.
Phase transformations and elasticity in rutile-structured difluorides and dioxides

Abstract Pressure-induced phase transformations in each of the rutile-structured difluorides (NiF2, MgF2, CoF2, ZnF2, FeF2 and MnF2) exhibit unique behavior; however, a general trend is found in the major structural changes: rutile phase → “distorted fluorite” phase → post-“distorted fluorite” phase with volume changes of about 5–10%. For a given phase transformation sequence found commonly in two or more difluorides, the phase transformation pressure is related inversely to the unit cell volume and thus inversely to the mean cation-anion bond length. The relationship in oxides (SnO2, TiO2 and GeO2) is much less systematic. It is therefore not possible to predict without uncertainty the post-stishovite phases in the lower mantle. Velocity-density systematics in the difluorides and oxides are governed, to a large extent, by cationic radius. The pressure dependence of shear elastic constant CS = (C11 − C12)/2 is negative in all of the nine difluorides and oxides. However, the CS mode does not vanish at the initial phase transformation pressure; rather, the ratios of C S K S are 0.10 and 0.04 to 0.10 for transitions of rutile → orthorhombic and of rutile → “distorted fluorite”, respectively, and are in agreement with the approach of Demarest et al.
Enthalpy and entropy changes for non-stoichiometric hydride formation

Abstract The general problem of the interpretation of thermodynamic data derived from plots of In p 1 2 H 2 (two phase) versusT−1 is considered in detail for solid-H systems. The often observed linearity of such plots over wide temperature ranges is examined using a series of approximations. It is shown that linear plots must result for solid-H systems where the dissolved H can be described by a mean field-lattice gas model (regular interstitial solution model). Model solid-H systems are considered where linearity in the In p 1 2 H 2 (two phase) versusT−1 plots is not expected. The approximations developed for the two-phase thermodynamic parameters are applied to the real systems PdH and NbH.
The calculation of the hadron spectrum in lattice QCD with dynamical quarks

Abstract Hadron masses are calculated on an 8 3 ×16 lattice using four flavors of staggered fermions to generate the gauge configurations, but using Wilson fermions to calculate the hadron propagators. The identification of a value of the Wilson hopping parameter with the value of the bare quark mass used in the simulations is discussed.
Stereotypes as Stumbling-Blocks How Coping With Stereotype Threat Affects Life Outcomes for People With Physical Disabilities

Stereotype threat, the concern about being judged in light of negative stereotypes, causes underperformance in evaluative situations. However, less is known about how coping with stereotypes can aggravate underperformance over time. We propose a model in which ongoing stereotype threat experiences threaten a person's sense of self-integrity, which in turn prompts defensive avoidance of stereotype-relevant situations, impeding growth, achievement, and well-being. We test this model in an important but understudied population: the physically disabled. In Study 1, blind adults reporting higher levels of stereotype threat reported lower self-integrity and well-being and were more likely to be unemployed and to report avoiding stereotype-threatening situations. In Study 2's field experiment, blind students in a compensatory skill-training program made more progress if they had completed a values-affirmation, an exercise that bolsters self-integrity. The findings suggest that stereotype threat poses a chronic threat to self-integrity and undermines life outcomes for people with disabilities.
Autonomic nerve innervation and the left atrium: A mechanistic link to focal atrial fibrillation

Focal atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation and the role of the pulmonary veins (PVs) in its genesis have remained a fertile area for investigators and a virtual “holy grail” for electrophysiologists. Although the autonomic nervous system, particularly vagal inputs, is known to be important in maintaining AF, the precise interplay among all of these complex features remains unclear. This complexity has stymied our efforts to understand focal AF and thus our work toward better curative ablation therapies for AF. The classic multiple wavelet hypothesis to maintain AF was advanced by Gordon Moe 1 in the 1950s. The basic idea was that wandering wavelets in the atria constantly collided into each other, extinguishing or synergizing with other wavelets and perpetuating the AF process. Other researchers expanded upon this idea with experiments in animal models of AF. Jalife et al 2 found that functional reentry as spiral waves rotating around microreentrant circuits partly caused AF in the sheep heart. Their group (and others) built upon this concept by showing that dominant “rotors” originate and drive AF in the left atrium (LA), with the electrical impulses spreading and then passively activating the right atrium. 3,4 The validity of this concept in humans is a little less certain, but evidence indicates the PVs and the posterior LA are important in the development of AF and probably in these “mother rotors.” The PVs clearly also play a critical role in the initiation of AF. 5,6 Autopsy studies have shown that the PVs are encased in muscular sleeves that traverse from the LA deep into the PV. 7,8 These sleeves occur variably in the individual PV and are partly the source of the conduction delays and fractionated signals that have been documented in the PV, at least in animal studies. Such findings help explain how the mechanism of reentry contributes to the development of AF related to PVs. Many techniques have been developed to allow clinical electrophysiologists to ablate these PV impulses in an attempt to cure focal AF, with some success. 9,10 Another key player in the initiation of AF is thought to be the autonomic nervous system, particularly with parasympathetic or vagal inputs. 11‐13 Pause-dependent AF and increased vagal tone in these patients are well documented in the literature. In dog models that undergo prolonged LA pacing, the animals develop significant changes in cardiac nerve sprouting and differences in the autonomic innervation of the atria. One elegant animal study from Chen and his group 14 documented such changes using immunohistochemical staining, with development of a “nerve gradient” demonstrating greater nerve density in the LA compared with the right atrium. These differential nerve gradients or electrical inhomogeneity could produce a shorter refractory period in the LA (compared to the right atrium), leading to more stable reentrant rhythms and perpetuation of AF, particularly in the LA. In contrast, Zipes et al 15 had described preferential right
Personal Influence and the End of the Masses

This article offers an exogenous historical analysis of Personal Influence, arguing that it offers an engaged response to a fundamental change taking place at that time in the world economy as it moved from scarcity to abundance. The ten year delay in the publication of the book after the original field work was done in Decatur, Illinois, in 1945 suggests that the sociology of mass communication had difficulty in making sense of the data that work produced. It needed the new sociology of interpersonal communication to interpret it. In accounting for the fusion of these two different sociologies in the work that was finally published, this article indicates the passing of the time of the masses and the coming of the time of everyday life.
The Democratic Utility of Trust: A Cross-National Analysis

Studies of political culture have long emphasized the importance of generalized trust for effective democratic governance. Individual-level models continue to treat generalized trust as a crucial predictor of more democratic political cultures, leading some scholars to suggest that building generalized trust is an important means of developing democratic prerequisites, like the appreciation of democratic values, in the nondemocratic world. In this paper we refute this conventional wisdom, arguing that the democratic utility of trust varies cross-nationally depending on existing levels of democracy within a country. Seldom have existing studies looked at the ways in which levels of generalized trust relate to microlevel indicators of support for democracy while controlling for overall institutional contexts. We argue existing government institutions play an important role in promoting levels of generalized trust because, in democracies and nondemocracies alike, political confidence in existing political in...
Isothermal aging induced evolution of the material behavior of underfill encapsulants

Microelectronic encapsulants exhibit evolving properties that change significantly with environmental exposures such as isothermal aging and thermal cycling. Such aging effects are exacerbated at higher temperatures typical of thermal cycling qualification tests for harsh environment electronic packaging. In this work, the material behavior changes occurring in flip chip underfill encapsulants (silica filled epoxies) have been characterized for isothermal aging at four different temperatures that are below, near, and above the T g of the material. A microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to evaluate the uniaxial tensile stress-strain and creep behaviors of the underfill material at several temperatures, after various durations of environmental exposure. A novel method has been developed to fabricate underfill uniaxial test specimens so that they accurately reflect the encapsulant layer present in flip chip assemblies. Using the developed specimen preparation procedure, samples were prepared and isothermal aged for up to 10 months at 80, 100, 125, and 150 °C. Stress-strain and creep tests were then performed on both non-aged and aged samples at several different temperatures (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 °C). The changes in mechanical behavior were recorded for the various aging temperatures and durations of isothermal exposure. Empirical models have been developed to predict the evolution of the material properties (modulus, strength) and the creep strain rate as a function of temperature, aging time, and aging temperature.
Transient fault behavior in a microprocessor-A case study

The authors describe an experimental analysis to study the susceptibility of a microprocessor-based jet engine controller (an HS 1602) to upsets caused by current and voltage transients. A design automation environment which allows the run-time injection of transients and their tracing from the device to the pin-level is described. The resulting error data are categorized by the charge levels of the injected transients by location and by their potential to cause logic upsets, latched errors, and pin errors. The results show a 3-pC threshold below which the transients have little impact. An ALU (arithmetic logic unit) transient is most likely to result in logic upsets and pin errors (i.e. impact the external environment). The transients in the countdown unit are serious since they can result in latched errors thus causing latent faults. >
ED management of patients with eating disorders

Abstract Background Eating disorders are one of the “great masqueraders” of the twenty-first century. Seemingly healthy young men and women with underlying eating disorders present to emergency departments with a myriad of complaints that are not unique to patients with eating disorders. The challenge for the Emergency Medicine physician is in recognizing that these complaints result from an eating disorder and then understanding the unique pathophysiologic changes inherent to these disorders that should shape management in the emergency department. Objective In this article, we will review, from the perspective of the Emergency Medicine physician, how to recognize patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa, the medical complications and psychiatric comorbidities, and their appropriate management. Conclusions Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are complex psychiatric disorders with significant medical complications. Recognizing patients with eating disorders in the ED is difficult, but failure to recognize these disorders, or failure to manage their symptoms with an understanding of their unique underlying pathophysiology and psychopathology, can be detrimental to the patient. Screening tools, such as the SCOFF questionnaire, are available for use by the EM physician. Once identified, the medical complications described in this article can help the EM physician tailor management of the patient to their underlying pathophysiology and effectuate a successful therapeutic intervention.
Correspondencia inédita mandada a Federico García Lorca desde Cataluña y guardada en la Fundación Federico García Lorca

Los nueve documentos transcritos aqui sin corregir pero con notas explicativas han salido a la luz con la publicacion del catalogo completo de la correspondencia a Federico Garcia Lorca. Son documentos (ocho cartas y un telegrama) mandados desde Barcelona por, entre otros, el actor Enric Borras, el traductor Hans Schlegel y los escritores y politicos Antonio Garcia Birlan y Braulio Solsona. En su Epistolario a Federico Garcia Lorca desde Cataluna, la Comunidad Valenciana y Mallorca (Conservado en la Fundacion Federico Garcia Lorca) (Granada 2001), Tinnell presento unos 75 documentos ineditos mandados al poeta granadino por artistas, escritores y politicos catalanes. El presente articulo completa la publicacion de la correspondencia inedita mandada a Garcia Lorca desde Cataluna.
Hemorrhagic complications after prasugrel (Effient) therapy for vascular neurointerventional procedures

Introduction Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a thienopyridine (eg, clopidogrel) prevents stent related thromboembolic events in cardiac patients and is frequently utilized during neurointerventional surgery. However, recent data suggest that many patients exhibit clopidogrel resistance. Prasugrel—a newer thienopyridine—lowers the rate of cardiac stent thromboses in clopidogrel non-responders but a paucity of data exist regarding its safety and efficacy in neurointerventional surgery. Methods All patients undergoing neurointerventional surgery by a single interventionalist (CJM) over a 20 month period were retrospectively identified. Charts were reviewed for pre- and post-procedural DAPT regimens, pre-procedural coagulation parameters and procedural complications. Results 76 patients received pre- and post-procedural DAPT for endovascular treatment of an intracerebral aneurysm, dural arteriovenous fistula or intra/extracranial arterial stenosis. 51 patients underwent 55 total procedures and were treated with aspirin/clopidogrel; 25 patients underwent 31 total procedures and were treated with aspirin/prasugrel. Those patients who received aspirin/prasugrel DAPT were identified pre-procedurally to be clopidogrel non-responders. Both treatment groups had a similar percentage of patients undergoing aneurysm coiling, stent assisted aneurysm coiling, aneurysm Onyx embolization, aneurysm pipeline embolization device treatment, extra/intracranial carotid artery angioplasty and stenting, and dural arteriovenous fistula coil embolization. A total of eight (9.3%) hemorrhagic complications were observed, two (3.6%) in the aspirin/clopidogrel group and six (19.4%) in the aspirin/prasugrel group (p=0.02). No differences were noted in hemorrhage rates for each procedure between treatment groups, nor were there any differences in thrombotic complications between groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that DAPT with aspirin/prasugrel may predispose to a higher risk of hemorrhage during neurointerventional surgery compared with DAPT with aspirin/clopidogrel.
Effects of Applied Quadriceps and Hamstrings Muscle Loads on Forces in the Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

BackgroundMuscle contraction can subject healing knee ligament grafts to high loads.PurposeTo directly measure the effects of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle loads on forces in the anterior cruciate ligaments and posterior cruciate ligaments.Study DesignControlled laboratory study.MethodsThirteen cadaveric knee specimens had load cells installed to record resultant forces in both anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments under 5 loading conditions. Cruciate force measurements were repeated with a 100-N load applied to the quadriceps tendon and again with a combined 50-N biceps load and 50-N semimembranosus-semitendinosus load.ResultsApplied quadriceps loads resulted in mean changes in anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament forces that were less than 20 N for all loading conditions. Hamstrings load significantly increased mean posterior cruciate ligament force between 30° and 105° of flexion with 100 N of applied posterior tibial force.ConclusionsAt the muscle force levels used in this...
A Study of Mitchell's Inquiries into Prices

I. Introductory. Method and purpose of this paper; Mitchell's figures subjected to more refined methods, 656. — II. Comparison of wholesale and retail prices, 658; lag of retail prices not clearly established, 659. — Producers' goods and consumers' goods; examination of annual, quarterly and monthly data, 660. — III. Raw materials, partly manufactured and finished goods move concurrently, 663. — Influence of raw materials eliminated, 664. — Dissimilar price fluctuations of producers' and consumers' goods, 665. — IV. Organic and inorganic goods; Sombart's theory tested, 666. — V. Wages in England and United States; closer relation between wages and wholesale prices in the former, 668. — VI. Summary and conclusions. Mitchell confirmed in part only, 671. — Annual figures not necessarily homogeneous; quarterly figures suggested, 673.
Core self-evaluations and job performance: the role of the perceived work environment.

Using trait activation theory as a framework, the authors examined the moderating role of two situational variables—perceptions of organizational politics and perceptions of leader effectiveness—on the relationship between core self-evaluations and job performance. Results from two samples (N 137 and N 226) indicate that employee perceptions of their work environment moderated the relationship between their core self-evaluations and supervisor ratings of their performance. In particular, those with higher core self-evaluations received higher performance ratings in environments perceived as favorable than in environments perceived as unfavorable.
The Lincoln robust continuous speech recognizer

The Lincoln stress-resistant HMM (hidden Markov model) CSR has been extended to large-vocabulary continuous speech for both speaker-dependent (SD) and speaker-independent (SI) tasks. Performance on the DARPA resource management task (991-word vocabulary, perplexity 60 word-pair grammar) is 3.5% word error rate for SD training of word-context-dependent triphone models and 12.6% word error rate for SI training of (word-context-free) tied-mixture triphone models. >
The development of a multimedia interface for automated laser soldering system

In today's electronics industry, there are several different types of interfaces used for different pieces of manufacturing equipment. It is now possible to create a general, object-oriented interface for most manufacturing equipment that is easy to use, learn how to use, and modify. Such an interface can benefit the user in terms of savings in time and money. The laser soldering interface, designed and implemented in the Center for Integrated Electronics and Electronics Manufacturing (CIEEM) at Rensselaer, is one of the "flexible" user interfaces described above. It was designed using Macromedia Director, which is a multimedia software package. This interface allows the user to communicate with laser Q-switch, video camera, and XY motion table of the CIEEM automated laser soldering system. The system as a whole, is ideal for the single fine-pitch surface mount component soldering that is commonly done by hand in today's electronics industry.
Learning communities and curricular reform: “Academic apprenticeships” for developmental students

Developmental learning community programs that are respectful of students' circumstances, supportive of their educational aims, and thoughtful about the purpose of education can be extremely effective in helping developmental students achieve their educational goals.
Inhibitors of the Biosynthesis and Processing of N-Linked Oligosaccharide Chains

A number of glycoproteins have oligosaccharides linked to protein in a GlcNAc----asparagine bond. These oligosaccharides may be either of the complex, the high-mannose or the hybrid structure. Each type of oligosaccharides is initially biosynthesized via lipid-linked oligosaccharides to form a Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol and transfer of this oligosaccharide to protein. The oligosaccharide portion is then processed, first of all by removal of all three glucose residues to give a Man9GlcNAc2-protein. This structure may be the immediate precursor to the high-mannose structure or it may be further processed by the removal of a number of mannose residues. Initially four alpha 1,2-linked mannoses are removed to give a Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein which is then lengthened by the addition of a GlcNAc residue. This new structure, the GlcNAc- Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein, is the substrate for mannosidase II which removes the alpha 1,3- and alpha 1,6-linked mannoses . Then the other sugars, GlcNAc, galactose, and sialic acid, are added sequentially to give the complex types of glycoproteins. A number of inhibitors have been identified that interfere with glycoprotein biosynthesis, processing, or transport. Some of these inhibitors have been valuable tools to study the reaction pathways while others have been extremely useful for examining the role of carbohydrate in glycoprotein function. For example, tunicamycin and its analogs prevent protein glycosylation by inhibiting the first step in the lipid-linked pathway, i.e., the formation of Glc NAc-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol. These antibiotics have been widely used in a number of functional studies. Another antibiotic that inhibits the lipid-linked saccharide pathway is amphomycin, which blocks the formation of dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. In vitro, this antibiotic gives rise to a Man5GlcNAc2 -pyrophosphoryl-dolichol from GDP-[14C]mannose, indicating that the first five mannose residues come directly from GDP-mannose rather than from dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. Other antibodies that have been shown to act at the lipid-level are diumycin , tsushimycin , tridecaptin, and flavomycin. In addition to these types of compounds, a number of sugar analogs such as 2-deoxyglucose, fluoroglucose , glucosamine, etc. have been utilized in some interesting experiments. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit glycoprotein processing. One of these, the alkaloid swainsonine , inhibits mannosidase II that removes alpha-1,3 and alpha-1,6 mannose residues from the GlcNAc- Man5GlcNAc2 -peptide. Thus, in cultured cells or in enveloped viruses, swainsonine causes the formation of a hybrid structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Comorbid disorders in patients with bipolar disorder and concomitant substance dependence.

Abstract Objective Substance dependence is common in bipolar disorder and is associated with an increase in Axis I and II comorbidity. Little research has compared the relative rates of comorbidity among bipolar patients with dependence on different substances. Methods The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess 166 outpatients involved in one of three clinical trials of medications for bipolar disorder and substance dependence. Patients had concurrent alcohol dependence, cocaine dependence, or both conditions. Results Generalized anxiety disorder and current depressed mood were significantly more common in bipolar patients with alcohol dependence than bipolar patients with cocaine dependence. Those with cocaine dependence had significantly higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and antisocial personality disorder and were more likely to present in a mixed mood state than patients dependent on alcohol. Cocaine ENC dependent patients were more likely than alcohol dependent patients to have Bipolar I relative to Bipolar II. Limitations This is a retrospective, cross-sectional data analysis using the MINI for diagnosis. Conclusions Cocaine dependence and alcohol dependence were associated with different clinical features and comorbid disorders in bipolar patients. The results may help confirm the validity of integrative models of mood, behavioral, anxiety, and personality disorders. Further studies on the causal relationship between substance dependence and concurrent and lifetime Axis I disorders for patients with bipolar disorders are indicated.
Multiprocessor Scheduling Implementation of the Simultaneous Multiple Volume (SMV) Navigator Method

The simultaneous multiple volume (SMV) approach in navigator-gated MRI allows the use of the whole motion range or the entire scan time for the reconstruction of final images by simultaneously acquiring different image volumes at different motion states. The motion tolerance range for each volume is kept small, thus SMV substantially increases the scan efficiency of navigator methods while maintaining the effectiveness of motion suppression. This article reports a general implementation of the SMV approach using a multiprocessor scheduling algorithm. Each motion state is regarded as a processor and each volume is regarded as a job. An efficient scheduling that completes all jobs in minimal time is maintained even when the motion pattern changes. Initial experiments demonstrated that SMV significantly increased the scan efficiency of navigator-gated MRI.
Human-computer interaction: psychology as a science of design.

Human-computer interaction (HCI) study is the region of intersection between psychology and the social sciences, on the one hand, and computer science and technology, on the other. HCI researchers analyze and design specific user interface technologies (e.g. pointing devices). They study and improve the processes of technology development (e.g. task analysis, design rationale). They develop and evaluate new applications of technology (e.g. word processors, digital libraries). Throughout the past two decades, HCI has progressively integrated its scientific concerns with the engineering goal of improving the usability of computer systems and applications, which has resulted in a body of technical knowledge and methodology. HCI continues to provide a challenging test domain for applying and developing psychological and social theory in the context of technology development and use.
Monoclonal antibodies to barley aleurain and homologs from other plants

Barley aleurain is contained within a specific type of vacuole characterized by acidic pH and the presence of other hydrolytic enzymes. The aleurain-containing vacuole is distinct from protein storage vacuoles, and anti-aleurain antibodies serve as markers for this organelle in barley cells. Aleurain is a unique type of cysteine protease, and other plant species have genes for homologs whose sequences are highly conserved, but little is known about these homologs at the protein level. Seven monoclonal antibodies to barley aleurain were isolated, which bind to and define aleurain homologues in Arabidopsis, Petunia, and tobacco cell extracts. Interestingly, in addition to 29-32 kDa aleurain homologs, Petunia extracts contain a protein of approximately 50 kDa and tobacco extracts a protein of approximately 40 kDa that are recognized by multiple different monoclonal antibodies, indicating an unexpected diversity to the aleurain protein family. Among the group of antibodies are some that efficiently immunoprecipitate metabolically labeled aleurain from barley cell extracts, and some that efficiently label aleurain in immunofluorescence assays using root tip cells. These antibodies should be useful for plant cell biologists who study vacuole biogenesis and function and sorting of proteins to specific vacuolar compartments, in barley as well as other plant species.
Overview of Meta-Analyses of the Prevention of Mental Health, Substance Use, and Conduct Problems*

This review presents findings from an overview of meta-analyses of the effects of prevention and promotion programs to prevent mental health, substance use, and conduct problems. The review of 48 meta-analyses found small but significant changes that reduce depression, anxiety, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Furthermore, the results were sustained over time. Meta-analyses often found that the effects were heterogeneous. A conceptual model is proposed to guide the study of moderators of program effects in future meta-analyses, and methodological issues in synthesizing findings across preventive interventions are discussed.
Interleukin-7 administration alters intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte phenotype and function in vivo

Abstract Background Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a crucial role in controlling T-cell development and homeostasis. IL-7 knock out and IL-7 receptor knock out mice show distinct declines in absolute numbers of the intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous administration of IL-7 would alter IEL phenotype and function. Methods Adult C57BL/6J mice were treated with IL-7 or saline. Mice were euthanized at day 7. Cytokine and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) expressions were measured with RT-PCR. IEL phenotype was studied with flow cytometry. Finally, to address the association of endogenous epithelial cell (EC)-derived IL-7 and IEL, confocal microscopy was used to observe co-localization of IL-7 to IEL subpopulations. Results IL-7 administration significantly increased IEL numbers. CD8αβ+ IEL increased 3.2-fold, CD8+CD44+ IEL increased 1.3-fold, and αβ-T-cell receptor (TCR)+ IEL increased 1.3-fold. IL-7 administration also significantly changed both αβ-TCR+ IEL- and γδ-TCR+ IEL-derived cytokine expressions. Interestingly, IL-7 administration also led to a significant increase in KGF expression. Confocal microscopy showed a high level of co-localization between the αβ-TCR+ IEL and EC-derived IL-7. γδ-TCR+ IEL showed a lower level, but still significant, co-localization. Conclusion IL-7 administration significantly affected IEL phenotype and function. The observed co-localization suggests that there is a close IEL–EC cross-communication mediated by EC-derived IL-7 expression.
Layer-thickness determination and stratigraphic interpretation using spectral inversion: Theory and application

Spectralinversionisaseismicmethodthatusesaprioriinformation and spectral decomposition to improve images of thinlayerswhosethicknessesarebelowthetuningthickness. We formulate a method to invert frequency spectra for layer thickness and apply it to synthetic and real data using complexspectralanalysis.Absolutelayerthicknessessignificantly below the seismic tuning thickness can be determined robustly in this manner without amplitude calibration. We extend our method to encompass a generalized reflectivity series represented by a summation of impulse pairs. Application of our spectral inversion to seismic data sets from the GulfofMexicoresultsinreliablewelltiestoseismicdata,accurate prediction of layer thickness to less than half the tuning thickness, and improved imaging of subtle stratigraphic features. Comparisons between well ties for spectrally inverted data and ties for conventional seismic data illustrate the superior resolution of the former. Several stratigraphic examples illustrate the various destructive effects of the wavelet, including creating illusory geologic information, suchasfalsestratigraphictruncationsthatarerelatedtolateralchangesinrockproperties,andmaskinggeologicinformation,suchasupdiplimitsofthinlayers.Weconcludethatdata that are inverted spectrally on a trace-by-trace basis show greater bedding continuity than do the original seismic data, suggestingthatwaveletside-lobeinterferenceproducesfalse beddingdiscontinuities.
Book Review: The Challenge of Library Management: Leading with Emotional Engagement

Book review of The Challenge of Library Management: Leading with Emotional Engagement by Wyoma vanDuinkerken and Pixley Anne Mosley (American Library Association, 2011), 73 Coll. res. libr. 97 (2012)
Lygus Flight and Dispersal Behavior

Twelve sticky traps were placed around a mile-square safflower field in 1969 to monitor Lygus hesperus Knight and L. elisus Van Duzee flight activity. A total of 1638 Lygus was captured on the traps, of which 842 were L. elisus and 796 were L. hesperus . Over half of both species were caught between 1 and 4 feet above ground. No correlation was noted between direction of flight and prevailing wind. The studies indicate that L. elisus is a much more active flyer than L. hesperus . A very pronounced crepuscular flight behavior was noted for both species.
Cavity Morphology of Polymer Dispersed System Utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy

Holographically-formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal have been imaged using atomic force microscopy (AFM) tapping techniques to study the droplet cavity morphology. Reflection-mode Bragg gratings were created using a 532 nm beam expanded laser to holographically form a grating structure within the liquid crystal / polymer film. The films were removed from their glass substrates prior to imaging by an atomic force microscope, and the digital files were analyzed. The surface structure is not smooth, as anticipated, but contains cavities with a dimpled morphology. We report our investigations and analysis including AFM images, image analysis, and liquid crystal / polymer alignment considerations.
The Multiplet Structure of 210Bi

Detailed studies of the level structure of 210Bi can be expected to provide information about the (p,n) interaction in the lead region. Using a 9.0 MeV deuteron beam from the University of Pittsburgh Tandem Accelerator, we have made a study of the reaction 209Bi(d,p)210Bi. A total of 51 levels below 3.4 MeV excitation were seen. Probable spins were assigned on the basis of observed branching ratios and by assuming that all states could be described by available shell model configurations. The observed energies and branching ratios are compared to calculations of Kim and Rasmussen and Kuo and Herling; overall agreement of both quantities is found with the results of Kuo and Herling.
Improved spectral aberration in Johnson Noise Thermometry

Spectral aberration has been the main source of uncertainty in Johnson Noise Thermometry approach to measuring the Boltzmann constant. Recently, with newly developed hardware and the introduction of a novel fitting algorithm for analyzing the data, we have achieved a frequency independent spectral aberration for measurements with the NIST JNT system. Consequently, we performed a data drift analysis and an electromagnetic interference investigation to explain a residual offset that affects the Boltzmann constant.
An Anti-Commodification Defense of Veganism

AbstractWe develop an anti-commodification defense of ethical veganism which holds that common defenses of ethical veganism can benefit from treating the commodification of non-human animals as a serious, distinct moral wrong. Drawing inspiration from Elizabeth Anderson’s account of commodification, we develop an account of commodification that identifies most uses of animals in developed countries as forms of problematic commodification. We then show that this position can make significant contributions to both welfarist defenses of ethical veganism and animal rights theories.
Letter to the editor on 'The necessity of overhaul in perception of microbiological culture methods'.

Unarguably, clinical microbiology has got a boost from NGS technology, but in the process of this transition it has suffered a huge setback. Computational biology can find the microbial genomic variations and can link it to drug resistance, but it has so far underestimated the crucial role of microbial culture medium. The constituents and growth conditions of the medium have been documented to shuffle genomic, epigenetic and metabolic aspects of the bacterial pathogens. Ignoring these in vitro-driven evolutions and attributing the variations as normal bacterial features, responsible for drug resistance is a huge mistake. Unfortunately, it has been the trend since the inception of NGS in microbiology arena. No wonder, drug resistance is spreading unrestrained like wildfire and drug discovery is lagging behind. The urgent need to standardize culture medium by simulating it to human physiological conditions can salvage the situation and result in correct interpretations.
Maximiser les apprentissages : trois leçons tirées de la psychopédagogie

Contexte et problematique : Nous utilisons souvent dans nos programmes d’enseignement des strategies pedagogiques moins performantes parce que nous ne prenons pas en compte des donnees probantes de la psychopedagogie. Exegese : Suite a une analyse approfondie de la litterature, Rohrer et Pashler recommandent trois strategies pour maximiser l’apprentissage: etaler les contenus dans le temps, faire pratiquer de facon mixte l’application des connaissances et verifier ses connaissances pour apprendre.