cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuity of Care and Approaches to Case Management for Long-Term Mentally Ill Patients

Consensus does not yet exist about the definition of case management as it is practiced in the care of long-term mentally ill patients. Case management interventions may be arrayed on a continuum, with brokering and clinical approaches at the poles. However, most actual case management programs fall along the continuum and not at the extreme poles. The functions of case management in the care of long-term patients correspond closely to nine principles of continuity of care that transcend specific case management styles. The nine principles are an administrative climate supportive of long-term patients, ready access by patients to the services they need, provision of a full array of services, individually tailored treatments, flexible program offerings, linkage among agencies serving the patient, a continuing relationship between patient and caregiver, patient involvement in service planning, and recognition of cultural factors affecting treatment. The author discusses how the concept of continuity of care can be used in considering policy issues such as staffing of case management services and suggests that service systems may find it advantageous to offer several different case management approaches to accommodate patients' individual needs.
Extended Benders Decomposition for Two-Stage SCUC

This letter presents the solution of a two-stage security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem. The proposed SCUC model could include integer variables at the second stage. A framework of extended Benders decomposition with linear feasibility and optimality cuts is proposed for the solution of mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems at both stages. Test results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Concrete Partial Evaluation in Ruby

Modern scientific research is a collaborative process, with researchers from many disciplines and institutions working toward a common goal. Dynamic languages, like Ruby, provide a platform for quickly developing simulation and analysis tools, freeing researchers to focus on research instead of spending time developing infrastructure. Ruby is a particularly good fit, allowing incorporation of existing C libraries, simplifying Domain Specific Language creation, and providing both REST and SOAP web-based API libraries. Ruby also provides RPC-style distributed programming. Concrete partial evaluation of Ruby begins to address Ruby's biggest flaw, performance. The scientific community has already begun to recognize the potential of Ruby. An MPI extension to the language allows quick prototyping of MPI programs. More recently libraries supporting MapReduce have appeared. Web frameworks, such as the popular Ruby on Rails framework, provide tools for producing and consuming REST APIs.
Drops, slugs, and flooding in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The process of flooding has been examined with a single-channel fuel cell that permits direct observation of liquid water motion and local current density. As product water flows through the largest pores in the hydrophobic GDL, drops detach from the surface, aggregate, and form slugs. Flooding in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells occurs when liquid water slugs accumulate in the gas flow channel, inhibiting reactant transport. Because of the importance of gravity, we observe different characteristics with different orientations of the flow channels. Liquid water may fall away from the GDL and be pushed out with minimal effect on the local current density, accumulate on the GDL surface and cause local fluctuations, or become a pulsating flow of liquid slugs and cause periodic oscillations. We show that flooding in PEM fuel cells is gravity-dependent and the local current densities depend on dynamics of liquid slugs moving through the flow channels. 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 54: 1313–1332, 2008
Using electromagnetic scattering to estimate the depth of a rectangular slot

A theory for predicting the electromagnetic scattering from a rectangular slot is developed and is used to evaluate the possibility of determining the slot depth from scattering measurements. Experimental results obtained at 100 GHz are presented and compared with theory. Practical limitations of the technique are discussed.
Use of Frequency Diversity in Signal Strength based WLAN Location Determination Systems

Literature indicates that frequency diversity can be utilized to compensate channel uncertainties such as multipath fading. Therefore, in this paper it is exploited for improving accuracy in locating stationary and mobile objects in the indoor environment. First, frequency diversity technique is introduced for small scale and temporal variation compensation of received signals and demonstrated analytically that it in fact enhances location accuracy. A novel metric is introduced in selection combining in order to achieve location accuracy through the addition of frequency diversity upon two of the available location determination schemes. The results are evaluated experimentally against the case where there is no frequency diversity for reception by using low cost wireless RF devices such as motes. An asset location tracking system is then devised to both improve accuracy and predict asset movement. Frequency diversity in terms of channel spacing of 55 MHz is evaluated and shown to provide a reduction in location determination error between 18 and 23% when compared to a system without frequency diversity. Finally, results from frequency diversity are compared against the spatial diversity techniques in terms of improvement in location accuracy, power consumption of the transmitter, and hardware and software costs.
Temperature dependence of amino acid side chain IR absorptions in the amide I' region.

Amide I' IR spectra are widely used for studies of structural changes in peptides and proteins as a function of temperature. Temperature dependent absorptions of amino acid side-chains that overlap the amide I' may significantly complicate the structural analyses. While the side-chain IR spectra have been investigated previously, thus far their dependence on temperature has not been reported. Here we present the study of the changes in the IR spectra with temperature for side-chain groups of aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and tyrosine in the amide I' region (in D2O). Band fitting analysis was employed to extract the temperature dependence of the individual spectral parameters, such as peak frequency, integrated intensity, band width, and shape. As expected, the side-chain IR bands exhibit significant changes with temperature. The majority of the spectral parameters, particularly the frequency and intensity, show linear dependence on temperature, but the direction and magnitude vary depending on the particular side-chain group. The exception is arginine, which exhibits a distinctly nonlinear frequency shift with temperature for its asymmetric CN3H5+ bending signal, although a linear fit can account for this change to within ~1/3 cm-1. The applicability of the determined spectral parameters for estimations of temperature-dependent side-chain absorptions in peptides and proteins are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 536–548, 2014.
Circuit Theoretical Analysis of Reconfigurable Analog Load Emulation Circuit

This paper further analyzes the operation of a reconfigurable analog circuit designed to mimic the dynamic behavior of power system loads. The authors focus on the non-linear behavior of the circuit and its effect on its stability. This work is important to understanding the operation of the circuit under stressed conditions such as those that occurs during transient periods.
A melt-through model for chaos formation on Europa

The character of chaotic terrain on Europa is consistent with its formation by the melting of a thin conducting ice shell from below. Tidal dissipation can provide adequate energy for such a process. For example, only a few percent of Europa's predicted tidal heat, spread over a region 200 km in diameter, can lead to large melt regions within a few tens of thousands of years. Stronger, more localized concentrations result in melt-through in significantly shorter times (i.e., a few hundred years). The time scale for melt-through is shorter than the time scale for the solid-state viscous inflow of ice by several orders of magnitude. In general, modest concentrations of tidal heat can melt ice away faster than viscous inflow, leading to melt-through. A mechanism to transmit these heat concentrations through the ocean is required for this model. Such heat transport could be the result of convective plumes in the ocean driven by seafloor volcanism or by the destabilization of a stratified ocean.
Security audit of safeplug “Tor in a box”

We present the first public third-party security audit of Pogoplug’s Safeplug device, which markets “complete security and anonymity online” by using Tor technology to protect users’ IP addresses. We examine the hardware, software, and network behavior of the Safeplug device, as well as the user experience in comparison to other forms of web browsing. Although the Safeplug appears to use Tor as advertised, users may still be identified in ways they may not expect. Furthermore, an engineering vulnerability in how the Safeplug accepts settings changes would allow an adversary internal or external to a user’s home network to silently disable Tor or modify other Safeplug settings, which completely invalidates the security claims of the device. Beyond this problem, the user experience challenges of this type of device make it inferior to the existing gold standard for anonymous browsing: the Tor Browser Bundle.
Short-Term Vitamin B-6 Restriction Does Not Affect Plasma Concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide Biomarkers Lanthionine and Homolanthionine in Healthy Men and Women

BACKGROUND Suboptimal vitamin B-6 status is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, although the mechanism is unknown. The synthesis of the vasodilator hydrogen sulfide occurs through side reactions of the transsulfuration enzymes cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a coenzyme. Two proposed hydrogen sulfide biomarkers, lanthionine and homolanthionine, are produced concurrently. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hydrogen sulfide production is reduced by vitamin B-6 deficiency, we examined the relations between plasma concentrations of lanthionine and homolanthionine, along with other components of the transsulfuration pathway (homocysteine, cystathionine, and Cys), in a secondary analysis of samples from 2 vitamin B-6 restriction studies in healthy men and women. METHODS Metabolite concentrations were measured in plasma from 23 healthy adults (12 men and 11 women) before and after 28-d controlled dietary vitamin B-6 restriction (0.37 ± 0.04 mg/d). Vitamin B-6 restriction effects on lanthionine and homolanthionine concentrations were assessed. Associations between hydrogen sulfide biomarkers, transsulfuration metabolites, and functional indicators of vitamin B-6 deficiency were analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS Preprandial plasma lanthionine and homolanthionine concentrations ranged from 89.0 to 372 nmol/L and 5.75 to 32.3 nmol/L, respectively, in healthy adults. Mean lanthionine and homolanthionine concentrations were not affected by vitamin B-6 restriction (P < 0.66), with marked heterogeneity of individual responses. After restriction, homolanthionine was positively associated with functional indicators of vitamin B-6 deficiency, which differed from hypothesized negative associations. Plasma lanthionine was positively correlated with the concentration of its precursor, Cys, before (R2 = 0.36; P = 0.002) and after (R2 = 0.37; P = 0.002) restriction. Likewise, homolanthionine concentration was positively correlated with its precursor homocysteine, but only in vitamin B-6 adequacy (R2 = 0.41; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The resiliency of plasma lanthionine and homolanthionine concentrations after short-term vitamin B-6 restriction suggests a minimal effect of moderate vitamin B-6 deficiency on hydrogen sulfide production. Additional research is needed to better understand the metabolism and disposal of these biomarkers in humans. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00877812.
Bees of the family Halictidae Thomson, 1869 from Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

The bees of the family Halictidae Thomson, 1869 from Dominica are reviewed. Seven new species are described and illustrated: Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) kalinago sp. nov., L. ( D. ) dominicense sp. nov., L. ( D. ) kilpatrickae sp. nov., L. ( Habralictellus ) roseauense sp. nov., Sphecodes diablotinus sp. nov., S. albifacies sp. nov. and Habralictus antillarus sp. nov. A description and images of the previously unknown female of Microsphecodes dominicanus (Stage, 1972) are provided. In total, eleven species are recognized; eight nest-building species and three kleptoparasites. All halictid species from Dominica are currently known only from the island. A key to halictid bees from Dominica is provided.
Experimental Attempts to Transmit Phlebotomus (Sandfly, Pappataci) and Dengue Fevers to Chimpanzees.∗

Summary1. Six chimpanzees inoculated with human serum believed to contain phlebotomus (sandfly, pappataci) fever virus, exhibited no clinical signs of infection. A slight febrile response in the 2 chimpanzees, whose temperatures were being recorded, could not be interpreted with certainty, and no evidence, pro or con, was adduced regarding the susceptibility of chimpanzees to this virus.2. Nine chimpanzees inoculated with human dengue virus (Hawaii strain) also exhibited no clinical signs of infection, but evidence of inapparent infection was obtained by neutralization tests with the homologous mouse-adapted virus. None of 6 chimpanzees, whose serum was tested, had any anti-bodies for the dengue virus before inoculation and all developed them in high titre after inoculation.
Passive sampling to measure baseline dissolved persistent organic pollutant concentrations in the water column of the Palos Verdes Shelf Superfund site.

Passive sampling was used to deduce water concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the vicinity of a marine Superfund site on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California, USA. Precalibrated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and polyethylene (PE) strips that were preloaded with performance reference compounds (PRCs) were codeployed for 32 d along an 11-station gradient at bottom, surface, and midwater depths. Retrieved samplers were analyzed for DDT congeners and their breakdown products (DDE, DDD, DDMU, and DDNU) and 43 PCB congeners using GC-EI- and NCI-MS. PRCs were used to calculate compound-specific fractional equilibration achieved in situ for the PE samplers, using both an exponential approach to equilibrium (EAE) and numerical integration of Fickian diffusion (NI) models. The highest observed concentrations were for p,p′-DDE, with 2200 and 990 pg/L deduced from PE and SPME, respectively. The difference in these estimates could be largely attributed to uncertainty in equilibrium part...
Predictive Control of General Nonlinear Systems Using Series Approximations

This work develops a non -linear model predictive control method that does not requi re the system to be control affine. The method uses series approximations similar to previous methods but includes control penalty directly into the optimization problem, where previous methods indirectly penalize control using the prediction horizon . The method results in an analytic approximate solution to the optimal control. It is shown that addition of control penalties provide a more intuitive method for shaping control when compared to extension of the prediction horizon required in previous methods.
Le « principe archaïque de la richesse » ou le vouloir comme possession dans Mammon de Robert Alexis

Mammon de Robert Alexis est une mise en scene du desir. Dans une fresque ambitieuse qui se veut l’aventure reflechie de toutes les aventures, Alexis revient d’une maniere plus concertee a l’aspiration qui habite ses romans precedents : vivre a la hauteur de la veritable exigence du desir. A l’instar de la jeune journaliste que le richissime Moreau invite dans son château, le lecteur penetre dans le recit d’Alexis pour etre initie peu a peu au materialisme du desir, a l’egoisme et au sacrifice qu’il exige dans une nature qui renait sans cesse au sein de sa destruction meme. Davantage qu’une histoire a lire en esthete ou en technicien, l’ecriture alexienne se veut ainsi performative : il s’agit de rejoindre une communaute aristocratique dont le roman est la metaphore et dont l’exigence habite puissamment, selon Alexis, chacun de ses lecteurs.
Understanding descriptions of visual scenes using graph grammars

Teaching computers to understand the meaning of natural language text has long been an important goal for Artificial Intelligence. The focus of my work is on the interpretation of descriptions of visual scenes such as ‘A man is sitting on a chair and using the computer’. One application of this research is the automatic generation of 3D scenes (Coyne and Sproat 2001), such as the one in Figure 1 c). Text-toscene generation systems provide a way for non-artists to create graphical content and have wide-ranging applications in communication, entertainment, and education. The formal meaning representations in today’s natural language processing systems are usually limited to basic predicate-argument structure and coarse word sense. Such representations do not support inference and are not sufficiently detailed to visualize a scene. In my thesis I am developing techniques for semantic parsing into a new type of meaning representation encoded as directed graphs. Graphs conveniently capture coreference and the hierarchical nature of meaning. My meaning representations contain two or more levels of granularity. The graph directly derived from the input text (the high-level representation) describes functional aspects of the scene (who does what to whom, Figure 1 a). It can be rewritten into a low-level graph that contains concepts and relations that are more basic (Figure 1 b) and eventually into conceptual primitives. For visual scenes, these low-level graphs express the basic spatial relations between objects. This meaning representation scheme is based on two powerful ideas in natural language understanding: decomposing word meaning into conceptual primitives to support inference (Schank 1972) and describing word meaning not as isolated fragments but as part of a larger conceptual frame. In particular I build on the frame semantic theory by (Fillmore 1982) and its implementation in the FrameNet lexical resource (Fillmore, Johnson, and Petruck 2003). Fillmore’s frame semantics focuses on valence patterns of a lexical item as the link between syntactic realization and elements of the conceptual frame surrounding it. There are a number of systems using FrameNet as training data to automatically annotate frame semantic structure on text (e.g. Das et al. 2010). FrameNet representations, however, are shallow: frames do not contain any internal structure and frame elements are as-
Characterization of elastic interactions in GaAs/Si composites by optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance

Elastic interactions in GaAs/Si bilayer composite structures were studied by optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR). The composites were fabricated by epoxy bonding of a single crystal of GaAs to a single crystal of Si at 373 K followed by selective chemical etching of the GaAs at room temperature to obtain a series of samples with GaAs thickness varying from 37 μm to 635 μm, while the Si support thickness remained fixed at 650 μm. Upon cooling to below 10 K, a biaxial tensile stress developed in the GaAs film due to differential thermal contraction. The strain perpendicular to the plane of the bilayer and localized near the surface of the GaAs was deduced from the quadrupolar splitting of the Gallium-71 OPNMR resonance. Strain relaxation by bowing of the composite was observed to an extent that depended on the relative thickness of the GaAs and Si layers. The variation of the strain with GaAs layer thickness was found to be in good agreement with a general analytical model for the elastic relationships in composite media.
Track-following high frequency lateral motion of flexible media

Lateral motion of the magnetic tape in data storage applications misaligns the flexible medium relative to the recording head and reduces the potential for decreasing data track width and spacing, and thereby the achievable data storage density. In order to reduce the effect of misalignment between the tape and the recording head, the bead is mounted on a track-follow actuator that can compensate for the position error up to a frequency that is governed partly by its mechanical resonances; this bandwidth is typically 1 kHz or less for conventional voice-coil based actuators. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a track-following actuator that is piezo-electrically actuated in order to achieve a significant increase of bandwidth up to several kilo-Hertz. A proof-of-concept is prototyped and experimental results are presented. A controller is designed and implemented to compensate for typical disturbances such as periodic runout of packs and rollers, or non-periodic flange impacts. Preliminary closed-loop experimental results demonstrate a reduction in position error standard deviation to less than 80 nm, with simulations indicating a potential for further improvement down to nearly 20 nm or less.
High Glucose Activates AKT Signaling and Induces Upregulation of Genes Encoding Glycolytic Enzymes Glut-1 and HK-2 in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background : Hyperglycemia represents a common side effect of steroid therapy and is not uncommon during treatment of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Our recent retrospective study in 278 adult patients with ALL demonstrated that hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy occurred in up to 37% of patients and was associated with a shorter median complete remission duration and a shorter median survival (Cancer 2004 Mar 15;100(6):1179 – 85). The serine/threonine AKT, a major downstream PI3K target, promotes continued cell growth and metabolism by increasing glucose uptake, stimulating glycolysis and ATP production. Recent data in transgenic models demonstrated that AKT activation resulted in transcriptional upregulation of enzymes essential for glycolysis including hexokinase (HK) and Glut-1 ( Nature Med., 2004, 10:594 ). The purpose of this study was to determine whether high AKT activity in leukemic blasts in the setting of hyperglycemia promotes survival and chemoresistance of leukemic cells by stimulation of glycolysis. Methods and Results : A 24-hour culture of REH cells in serum-free medium supplemented with 14mM glucose resulted in induction of AKT phosphorylation (by Western blot analysis) and increase in mRNA levels of Glut-1 and HK-2 (by quantitative TaqMan PCR). PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (15 μM) prevented AKT phosphorylation and decreased mRNA expression of Glut-1 and HK-2 in high-glucose conditions and enhanced doxorubicin- and dexamethasone-induced killing. We next investigated expression of AKT 1, Glut1, and HK2 mRNA in bone marrow samples from 14 adult patients with ALL (9 pre-B-, 2 B-, 3 pre-T-ALL). The results demonstrated elevated (> 2-fold compared with normal bone marrow or peripheral blood) levels of AKT in 7/14 patients, 6 of those showed increased levels of Glut1 and 5 of HK2. In addition, in samples from 2 patients with low baseline AKT expression high HK-2 mRNA levels were observed. Conclusions : High expression of AKT, glucose transporter Glut-1 and the glycolytic enzyme HK-2 is prevalent in primary ALL blast cells. Our results suggest that high glucose further stimulates AKT signaling in ALL blast cells resulting in upregulation of glucose transporter Glut-1 and of the glycolytic enzyme HK-2. This effect was abrogated by inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling, resulting in chemosensitization. These data provide rationale for use of PI3K/AKT inhibitors in the therapy of ALL. The hypothesis that tight blood glucose control improves outcome in ALL patients is currently being tested in a Phase III clinical trial at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
PSEUDOMONAS BURN WOUND SEPSIS. II HEMATOGENOUS INFECTION AT THE JUNCTION OF THE BURN WOUND AND THE UNBURNED HYPODERMIS.

Summary Pseudomonas septicemia was produced in rats and the occurrence of hematogenous infection to the junction of the viable hypodermal tissue and burn eschar was studied. Hematogenous burn wound infection did occur, but was uncommon under experimental conditions which most closely paralleled those present in human Pseudomonas burn wound sepsis.
Ripe for Rejection: A Methodology for States’ Departure from Utah v. Strieff and Its Poisonous Fruit

After Utah v. Strieff, a police officer can stop a man on the sidewalk, run his name through a warrant database, arrest him for an old violation, search his person, and seize anything in his pockets or within his immediate reach without a warrant or consent. This scenario and its consequences invite potential abuse. The contraband in someone’s pocket is more of a treasure to law enforcement than the actual execution of an outstanding misdemeanor warrant. This Article outlines the arguments that state courts should accept when facing the question of whether the attenuation doctrine — an exception to the exclusionary rule — applies when an outstanding warrant is uncovered during an illegal stop. As the controlling test for application of the attenuation doctrine, the Brown factors — temporal proximity, presence of intervening circumstances, and purpose and flagrancy of official misconduct — show that an outstanding warrant does not attenuate the causal connection between an illegal stop and the seizure of evidence during the search incident to arrest. Excluding such evidence serves the original purposes of the exclusionary rule: deterring official misconduct, remedying the aggrieved party, and preserving judicial integrity. When considering a Supreme Court decision on a criminal procedure issue of constitutional magnitude, some states embrace the ideals of Federalism and exercise the ability and duty to reject it, if that decision conflicts with their state constitution and precedent. A state’s analytical approach to constitutional questions, as well as its pre-Strieff position in the state split, indicate how likely that state is to depart from the Supreme Court with regard to Utah v. Strieff. In addition, the warrant and population statistics of each state demonstrate the potential for Strieff-induced problems in that state (i.e., the greater the warrant ratio, the more likely an illegal stop will uncover an outstanding warrant). At the intersection of these categories stand six states: Delaware, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah. While this Article’s utility and relevance is universally applicable, these six states are the most likely to and would benefit most from rejecting Utah v. Strieff and its poisonous fruit.
A Polynomial Spectral Calculus for Analysis of DG Spectral Element Methods

We introduce a polynomial spectral calculus that follows from the summation by parts property of the Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto quadrature. We use the calculus to simplify the analysis of two multidimensional discontinuous Galerkin spectral element approximations.
Influence of canopy opening on the environment and herb layer in a northern hardwoods forest

Single- (33–37 m2) and multi-tree (51–151 m2) gaps were created in an Allegheny Plateau northern hard-woods forest to investigate environmental and herb layer response to canopy opening. After gap creation, noon light on clear summer days was brightest north of opening center. At other times of the day, and when skies were overcast, there was no difference in the light quantity beneath opened and closed canopy. Nor was the distribution of soil moisture or of soil or air temperature greatly affected by gap creation. Species establishment tended to be higher near opening centers; otherwise, there was no pronounced effect of canopy opening on plant cover or species richness during the first four years after gap creation. Biotic responses were not significantly correlated with any environmental factor.
Fast generation of high throughput customized deep learning accelerators on FPGAs

Accelerating CNNs has been an active area of research. Research on GPU has led to several well-developed open-source tools such as CAFFE and TensorFlow. However, for FPGA accelerators, such design automation tools are not yet available. We propose an automatic code generation tool that synthesizes high throughput accelerators for CNN inferencing targeting broad types of CNNs and FPGAs. The tool takes as input a high level description of the CNN model and the target FPGA device, and generates fully synthesizable Verilog as output. The tool adopts an algorithm-architecture co-design methodology based on frequency domain convolution. Our proposed algorithm called Concatenate and Pad (CaP), together with our efficient design space exploration, ensure design modularity and scalability (in terms of routing complexity and tool execution time). Users can optionally customize various design parameters, such as FFT sizes and hardware resources to be used. The tool optimizes throughput for a user specified hardware. To illustrate the tool, we generate optimized designs for AlexNet, VGG16 and variations of them (AlexNet∗ and VGG16∗). Experimental results show that for inferencing on these models, throughput of 274.5 GOPS, 660.9 GOPS, 283.2 GOPS and 623.0 GOPS is achieved on the Intel HARP (version 0) platform. The throughput of AlexNet and VGG16 designs outperform state-of-the-art FPGA implementations by 1.85x and 3.53x respectively. The tool is delivered as a Python3 package, and is easily portable onto various computing platforms. Experiments on variety of CNNs and target FPGA devices show that the tool runs in less than 20 seconds on a commodity desktop.
Pressure and Flow Rate Changes During Contrast Injections in Cerebral Angiography: Correlation to Reflux Length

Cerebral angiography involves the antegrade injection of contrast media through a catheter into the vasculature to visualize the region of interest under X-ray imaging. Depending on the injection and blood flow parameters, the bolus of contrast can propagate in the upstream direction and proximal to the catheter tip, at which point contrast is said to have refluxed. In this in vitro study, we investigate the relationship of fundamental hemodynamic variables to this phenomenon. Contrast injections were carried out under steady and pulsatile flow using various vessel diameters, catheter sizes, working fluid flow rates, and injection rates. The distance from the catheter tip to the proximal edge of the contrast bolus, called reflux length, was measured on the angiograms; the relation of this reflux length to different hemodynamic parameters was evaluated. Results show that contrast reflux occurs when the pressure distal to the catheter tip increases to be greater than the pressure proximal to the catheter tip. The ratio of this pressure difference to the baseline flow rate, called reflux resistance here, was linearly correlated to the normalized reflux length (reflux length/vessel diameter). Further, the ratio of blood flow to contrast fluid momentums, called the Craya-Curtet number, was correlated to the normalized reflux length via a sigmoid function. A sigmoid function was also found to be representative of the relationship between the ratio of the Reynolds numbers of blood flow to contrast and the normalized reflux length. As described by previous reports, catheter based contrast injections cause substantial increases in local flow and pressure. Contrast reflux should generally be avoided during standard antegrade angiography. Our study shows two specific correlations between contrast reflux length and baseline and intra-injection parameters that have not been published previously. Further studies need to be conducted to fully characterize the phenomena and to extract reliable indicators of clinical utility. Parameters relevant to cerebral angiography are studied here, but the essential principles are applicable to all angiographic procedures involving antegrade catheter injections.
Health data privacy: A case of undesired inferences

In this work, we investigate privacy violations that occur when non-confidential medical data is combined with domain ontologies to infer confidential data. We propose a framework to detect such privacy violations and to eliminate undesired inferences. Our inference channel removal is based on modifying data that contribute to an inference. We show that our method is sound and complete. Soundness means that we modify only data items that lead to undesired inferences. Completeness means that we detect all inferences leading to undesired data disclosures. Finally, we show that our approach preserves data availability by minimizing the number of data items to be modified. An important aspect of our approach is that it sets the foundation for creating patient-specific privacy policies; an emerging need in the healthcare domain.
Time to treatment and survival in triple negative breast cancer patients receiving trimodality treatment in the United States.

Abstract Background Time from diagnosis to treatment for breast cancer patients has been linked to outcomes. Our goal was to assess the relationship between survival, time to first treatment (TFT), and time to treatment completion (TTC) in Stage I-III triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) receiving trimodality therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation). Methods National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for TNBC patients diagnosed with Stage I-III disease from 2010 to 2011 who received all treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation) within 18 months of diagnosis. Multivariate analysis controlled for age, stage, operation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and comorbidities. Results 17,717 women were included. Most had early stage disease (34.1% Stage 1; 48.2% Stage 2) treated with lumpectomy (69.2%) and adjuvant chemotherapy (63.3%). During follow-up (2.8 ± 1.1 years), mortality was 11.4%. TFT was 34.8 days for NAC and 35.6 days for surgery. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no mortality difference when considering TFT in 30 day (p = 0.43) or 6 week (p = 0.91) intervals. When separating into NAC or surgery first, there remained no mortality difference when considering TFT in 30 day (NAC p = 0.96, surgery p = 0.26) or 6 week (NAC p = 0.91, surgery p = 0.91) intervals. Overall, TTC was 9.0 ± 1.8 months. When dividing patients into tertiles by TTC, multivariate analysis demonstrated no survival difference between groups (p = 0.9). There was also no mortality difference for each 30 day increased TTC (p = 0.40). Conclusions In Stage I-III TNBC patients receiving trimodality therapy, TFT (NAC or surgery) and TTC do not impact short-term survival if TTC is
Viscoelasticity of spinal cord and meningeal tissues.

Abstract Compared to the outer dura mater, the mechanical behavior of spinal pia and arachnoid meningeal layers has received very little attention in the literature. This is despite experimental evidence of their importance with respect to the overall spinal cord stiffness and recovery following compression. Accordingly, inclusion of the mechanical contribution of the pia and arachnoid maters would improve the predictive accuracy of finite element models of the spine, especially in the distribution of stresses and strain through the cord’s cross-section. However, to-date, only linearly elastic moduli for what has been previously identified as spinal pia mater is available in the literature. This study is the first to quantitatively compare the viscoelastic behavior of isolated spinal pia-arachnoid-complex, neural tissue of the spinal cord parenchyma, and intact construct of the two. The results show that while it only makes up 5.5% of the overall cross-sectional area, the thin membranes of the innermost meninges significantly affect both the elastic and viscous response of the intact construct. Without the contribution of the pia and arachnoid maters, the spinal cord has very little inherent stiffness and experiences significant relaxation when strained. The ability of the fitted non-linear viscoelastic material models of each condition to predict independent data within experimental variability supports their implementation into future finite element computational studies of the spine. Statement of Significance The neural tissue of the spinal cord is surrounded by three fibrous layers called meninges which are important in the behavior of the overall spinal-cord-meningeal construct. While the mechanical properties of the outermost layer have been reported, the pia mater and arachnoid mater have received considerably less attention. This study is the first to directly compare the behavior of the isolated neural tissue of the cord, the isolated pia-arachnoid complex, and the construct of these individual components. The results show that, despite being very thin, the inner meninges significantly affect the elastic and time-dependent response of the spinal cord, which may have important implications for studies of spinal cord injury.
Progress in gene and cell therapies for the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses

Introduction: The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a subset of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) that cause myoclonic epilepsy, loss of cognitive and motor function, degeneration of the re...
Developmental genes and the origin and evolution of Metazoa

Resolution of deep evolutionary problems, including the origin of the Metazoa and the morphologic evolution of higher taxa within the Metazoa, have long been sought in the developmental sequence, Haeckel (1874) first attempted this exercise in his gastraea theory. However, we now know that the ontogenetic sequence cannot be interpreted in the sense that Haekel envisioned; ontogeny does not directly reflect the history of the lineage. In addition, adaptive evolution of early ontogeny confounds the developmental sequence, rendering it difficult to infer the early ontogenetic states of a shared ancestor as proscribed by von Baer.
Immunolocalization and gene expression of matrilysin during corneal wound healing.

PURPOSE. To investigate the protein level of matrilysin and stromelysin-1 and the gene expression of matrilysin in rat corneas after excimer keratectomy using immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and in situ hybridization. METHODS. Rat corneas were treated with 3-mm excimer laser keratectomy (193-nm ArF). Unwounded corneas served as controls. Confocal microscopy was used to immunolocalize matrilysin protein at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after surgery. RT-PCR was performed to analyze matrilysin mRNA in unwounded controls and in 3-day wounded corneas. In situ hybridization was performed to localize matrilysin mRNA. RESULTS. Matrilysin was immunolocalized to the epithelial layers of unwounded and wounded corneas, predominantly to the leading edge at 6 hours and 1 day after wounding and to the epithelial layer at 3 to 7 days after surgery. Stromelysin-1 was expressed in the deep stromal layer in the first 3 days after wounding and in the area of newly synthesized stromal matrix 1 week after surgery. Upregulation of matrilysin expression 3 days after wounding was confirmed by RT-PCR. In situ hybridization revealed that the gene expression of matrilysin in rat corneas was upregulated during the migration phase (6 hours, I day) and that matrilysin mRNA was predominantly localized to the basal cell layers during the subsequent cell proliferation phase (7 and 14 days). CONCLUSIONS. Basal epithelial cells express matrilysin during the migration proliferation phase of corneal wound healing after excimer keratectomy.
Regional Differences in Asian American Earnings Discrimination: Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino American Earnings in California and Hawaii.

(1999). Regional Differences in Asian American Earnings Discrimination: Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino American Earnings in California and Hawaii. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 65-94.
The Effect of Autologous Fat Grafting on Edema and Ecchymoses in Primary Open Rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND Autologous fat is a safe and effective soft tissue filler. Recent evidence also suggests improved wound healing and immune modulation with fat grafting. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe a novel technique utilizing fat grafting during primary open rhinoplasty. We hypothesize a more rapid resolution of bruising and edema. METHODS Patients who underwent rhinoplasty were reviewed and compared by presence or absence of concurrent fat grafting. Three-dimensional images were analyzed employing Mirror (Vectra, Canfield Scientific, NJ). Ecchymoses were outlined utilizing a magnetic lasso followed by an area measurement. Volumetric edema measurements were also taken and assessed. Edema and ecchymosis were measured at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS Sixty-two patients were included. Thirty-three patients (53.2%) received autologous fat grafting and 29 (46.8%) did not. Age, gender, surgical approach, and osteotomy distribution were similar between the groups. The fat grafted group showed 7.29 cm2 fewer ecchymoses (P < 0.001) and 0.73 cc less edema (P = 0.68) in the early postoperative interval. Six weeks postoperatively, the fat grafted group showed 1 cc less edema (P = 0.36) with negligible differences in bruising. CONCLUSIONS Autologous fat grafting is a useful adjunct to rhinoplasty and is associated with significantly fewer ecchymoses in the acute postoperative period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Bipolar Cell Type-Specific Expression and Conductance of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Mouse Retina

Purpose Motion detection is performed by a unique neural network in the mouse retina. Starburst amacrine cells (SACs), which release acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into the network, are key neurons in the motion detection pathway. Although GABA contributions to the network have been extensively studied, the role of acetylcholine is minimally understood. Acetylcholine receptors are present in a subset of bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells. We focused on α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) expression in bipolar cells, and investigated which types of bipolar cells possess α7-nAChRs. Methods Retinal slice sections were prepared from C57BL/6J and Gus8.4-GFP mice. Specific expression of α7-nAChRs in bipolar cells was examined using α-bungarotoxin (αBgTx)-conjugated Alexa dyes co-labeled with specific bipolar cell markers. Whole-cell recordings were conducted from bipolar cells in retinal slice sections. A selective α7-nAChR agonist, PNU282987, was applied by a puff and responses were recorded. Results αBgTx fluorescence was observed primarily in bipolar cell somas. We found that α7-nAChRs were expressed by the majority of type 1, 2, 4, and 7 bipolar cells. Whole-cell recordings revealed that type 2 and 7 bipolar cells depolarized by PNU application. In contrast, α7-nAChRs were not detected in most of type 3, 5, 6, and rod bipolar cells. Conclusions We found that α7-nAChRs are present in bipolar cells in a type-specific manner. Because these bipolar cells provide synaptic inputs to SACs and direction selective ganglion cells, α7-nAChRs may play a role in direction selectivity by modulating these bipolar cells' outputs.
High-Efficiency High-Power-Transfer-Density Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Vehicle Charging Utilizing Semi-Toroidal Interleaved-Foil Coupled Inductors

This paper presents a high-performance kilowatt-scale capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle charging. This system achieves effective power transfer across a large air-gap by operating at a multi-MHz frequency (13.56 MHz), and by utilizing L-section matching networks that provide gain and reactive compensation. To achieve high efficiency at the high operating frequency, the matching network inductors are constructed as semi-toroidal structures with interleaved-foil coupled windings. This new coupled inductor design greatly reduces the inductor’s ac resistance, with a measured 46% reduction compared to a conventional solenoidal coupled inductor. To further enhance performance, the matching network capacitors are comprised solely by the parasitic capacitances of the system, thereby eliminating on-board capacitors prone to dielectric breakdown and high-frequency losses. A 13.56-MHz 12-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT system incorporating these innovations is designed, built and tested. This system transfers 2.25 kW at an efficiency of 90%, achieving 29.6 kW/m2 power transfer density. The system achieves even higher efficiencies at intermediate power levels, with a peak efficiency of 94% at 320 W, and 93% efficiency at 2 kW.
STREAM TEMPERATURES AND THE ELEVATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF REDBAND TROUT IN SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO

During July to September 1994-1995, I examined water temperatures at the lower end of the elevational distribution of redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) in 4 streams in the Owyhee Mountains in southwestern Idaho. Maximum water temperatures in Castle, Shoofly, Little Jacks, and Big Jacks creeks during low flows during a drought in 1994 ranged from 26.7° C to 29.0° C. Water temperatures fluctuated 9.5-11° C during the 24-h period maximum temperatures were observed. Stream flows at the lower end of Big Jacks and Little Jacks creeks in 1994 were 3 s -1 and subsided underground 50-130 m downstream pools inhabited by trout. Trout were distributed to lower elevations where drainage basin area was larger in 2 of 3 yr ( P 5 km downstream of the lowest pool inhabited by trout in 1995-1996.
Cell surface thiols, methylation, and complement-like components are involved in the early events of CML whereas proteases participate in the later, Ca++-dependent events

The long term goals of our work are to define the chemical and metabolic functions required for cell-mediated lysis, to identify the molecules that participate in the lytic process, and ultimately, to characterize how the molecules mediate the required functions. We have used both murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and human natural killer (NK) cells as model systems. The data to be summarized here were obtained principally with the murine CTL system.
PMCVec: Distributed phrase representation for biomedical text processing.

Abstract Distributed semantic representation of biomedical text can be beneficial for text classification, named entity recognition, query expansion, human comprehension, and information retrieval. Despite the success of high-quality vector space models such as Word2Vec and GloVe, they only provide unigram word representations and the semantics for multi-word phrases can only be approximated by composition. This is problematic in biomedical text processing where technical phrases for diseases, symptoms, and drugs should be represented as single entities to capture the correct meaning. In this paper, we introduce PMCVec , an unsupervised technique that generates important phrases from PubMed abstracts and learns embeddings for single words and multi-word phrases simultaneously. Evaluations performed on benchmark datasets produce significant performance gains both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Orally Administered Human Immunoglobulin Therapy for Norovirus Enteritis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case Series at a Single Academic Transplant Center

Norovirus enteritis can cause intractable diarrhea in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, for which there are no established treatments. We reviewed medical records of 9 SOT recipients at our center who received orally administered human immunoglobulin for norovirus enteritis, and it appeared to be an effective treatment modality.