cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blind evaluation of the diagnostic specificity of nailfold capillary microscopy in the connective tissue diseases.

Twenty-four patients with connective tissue diseases and 5 control subjects were studied by “wide-field” photography. A total of 44 photographs of the nailfold were sent to the second author (HRM) for “blind” diagnostic interpretation. The scleroderma-dermatomyositis pattern was identified in 17 of 18 photographs of 11 scleroderma patients, and 5 of 5 photographs of 2 dermatomyositis patients. Six of 8 photographs of 5 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were correctly identified, as were 7 of 7 photographs of 5 control subjects. These results demonstrate that characteristic patterns of nailfold capillary abnormalities can be identified and correlated blindly with the clinical diagnosis in several connective tissue diseases.
Control of morphogenesis and differentiation by HOM/Hox genes

Abstract HOM/Hox genes are master regulatory switches that specify axial identity and control the growth and differentiation of groups of cells related by position. HOM/Hox genes function combinatorially and hierarchically to specify cell fate. Some of the genes they regulate and that mediate specific identity functions have been identified. Research in Drosophila has shown that HOM genes are continuously required during development for correct axial identity.
Septal granulomatous panniculitis: Comparison of the pathology of erythema nodosum migrans (migratory panniculitis) and chronic erythema nodosum

Fifty-eight cases of septal granulomatous panniculitis were reviewed; 14 cases were diagnosed as erythema nodosum migrans (migratory panniculitis) and 36 as chronic erythema nodosum on the basis of clinical and histopathologic features. Erythema nodosum migrans was characterized by markedly thickened and fibrotic septae, marked capillary proliferation (like granulation tissue), and massive granulomatous reaction (with giant cells) along the borders of the widened septa. Hemorrhage was rare, and phlebitis was not seen. Chronic erythema nodosum showed mild septal change, little fibrosis, and lymphohistiocytic perivascular inflammation with only focal granulomatous formation. Phlebitis and hemorrhage were common. The condition termed erythema nodosum migrans has many of the same clinical features as chronic erythema nodosum, and we think this term is preferable to migratory panniculitis. We believe that there are sufficient clinical and histopathologic features to justify considering erythema nodosum migrans as a unique clinicopathologic entity.
Regulation of Cell Adhesion Free Energy by External Sliding Forces

Cells experience a variety of forces and external velocities in vivo. While a number of continuum based models have addressed cell substrate interactions in these dynamic environments, a molecular picture of adhesion under external sliding forces and velocities is lacking. Using a molecular thermodynamic model, that incorporates entropic and steric repulsions, molecular conformations and constraints, penetrable substrates and explicit binding interactions, we study the effect of external sliding velocities on cell adhesion. We map the free energy landscapes under a broad range of external forces, binding energies and receptor surface coverages. Our calculations predict the regimes where free energy landscapes become resistant to external forces. Our model shows good agreement with experimental studies and lays out a scalable framework for analyzing and quantifying a broad spectrum of in vivo and in vitro adhesion studies.
High-temperature deformation in a Ta–W alloy

Abstract High-temperature deformation was investigated in a Ta–2.5 wt% W commercially available tantalum alloy, at temperatures in the range of 1523–1723 K and at a stress range extending from 35 MPa to 210 MPa. The experimental data, which cover several orders of magnitude of strain rate, show that the stress dependence of creep rate is high and that the temperature dependence of creep rate is higher than that for self-diffusion in tantalum. An analysis of the experimental data indicates that a threshold stress for creep exists, and that the temperature dependence of the threshold stress is much stronger than that attributable to the shear modulus. By considering the effect of the threshold stress and its temperature dependence on creep plots, it is demonstrated that the true creep characteristics of Ta–2.5 wt% W are consistent with those reported for solid-solution alloys at high stresses. In particular, the creep behavior of the alloy exhibits a transition from a region controlled by viscous glide to a high-stress region related to the breakaway of dislocations from solute-atom atmospheres. An examination of creep substructure in Ta–2.5 wt% W reveals the presence of interaction between moving dislocations and dispersion particles. It is suggested that such an interaction provides the most likely source of the threshold stress for creep in the alloy.
Epidural Analgesia and Clinical Outcomes

Summary The traditional view of how the use of epidural analgesia affects quality of care centers on organ system-based clinical outcomes. Postoperative epidural analgesia can have positive effects on such measures, such as attenuated postoperative bowel dysfunction in patient at risk for ileus and prevention of pulmonary complications in patients at increased pulmonary risk. Optimizing epidural use for clinical outcome benefit includes adequate duration of therapy, placement of the catheter at the appropriate level (thoracic epidural placement for abdominal and thoracic surgery), and use of a multimodal recovery pathway. Epidural local anesthetic is important for clinical benefits related to attenuating the stress response, improving pain with activity, preventing pulmonary complications, and ameliorating bowel dysmotility. Future investigations of the impact of epidural analgesia should also include non-clinical outcomes, such as economic effects, patient satisfaction, and HRQL measures. 4 A more global outcome measurement approach will allow a more complete picture of the role of epidural analgesia in improving quality of care.
The Yeast Sphingolipid Signaling Landscape

Sphingolipids are recognized as signaling mediators in a growing number of pathways, and represent potential targets to address many diseases. The study of sphingolipid signaling in yeast has created a number of breakthroughs in the field, and has the potential to lead future advances. The aim of this article is to provide an inclusive view of two major frontiers in yeast sphingolipid signaling. In the first section, several key studies in the field of sphingolipidomics are consolidated to create a yeast sphingolipidome that ranks nearly all known sphingolipid species by their level in a resting yeast cell. The second section presents an overview of most known phenotypes identified for sphingolipid gene mutants, presented with the intention of illuminating not yet discovered connections outside and inside of the field.
Electrolyte distribution and active salt uptake in frog skin.

1. The "chloride space" in frog skin was determined and found to be 69.7 per cent by weight of wet skin. The chloride space occupies about 94 per cent of the total water space of skin. From this and other information, it appears that the "non-chloride space" measures only a part of the space occupied by the structural elements of skin. This space is referred to here as the intracellular compartment and the remainder as the extracellular compartment of frog skin. On this basis, potassium and sodium in skin are distributed as follows: total sodium, 60 to 75 µeq./gm. of wet skin; all sodium is probably extracellular; total potassium, 39 to 49 µeq./gm.; intracellular potassium, 37 to 47 µeq./gm. 2. Skins were immersed in solutions differing from each other in their sodium and potassium concentrations. Three levels of NaCl were studied: 48, 119, and 169 µeq./ml. For each of these solutions (referred to below as diluted, physiological, and concentrated saline), the potassium levels were varied from 0.1 to 20 µeq./ml. For skins in solutions low in potassium and high in sodium, it was found that an exchange of intracellular potassium against extracellular sodium occurs. The ratio for the number of potassium ions lost/number of sodium ions gained was 4:1,4:6, and 4:8 for skin in K+-free diluted, physiological, and concentrated saline, respectively. 3. Uptake of NaCl by the epithelium of frog skin is dependent on the potassium concentration of the environment. For skins in physiological saline, net uptake of NaCl was optimal (0.90 µeq. x cm.–2 x hr.–1) at 1 to 5 µeq. K+/ml. For skins in diluted and concentrated saline optimal NaCl uptake was seen at potassium concentrations of approximately 5 and 10 µeq. K+/ml., respectively. Net uptake of NaCl by the skin is also discussed, with relation to the potassium balance of skin. 4. Skin potentials decreased with increasing extracellular potassium concentration when diluted saline solutions were used. The opposite of this was found for skins in concentrated saline. For skins in physiological saline, skin potentials rose sharply from rather low values, when placed in solutions very low in potassium, to relatively high values, when immersed in solutions containing 1 to 5 µeq. K+/ml. Further increase in potassium concentration of the bath led to slight reductions in skin potentials. The highest potentials observed were of the order of 40 mv. In all cases studied, the inside was positive with relation to the outside. 5. It can be shown that values for intracellular potassium concentration as a function of extracellular potassium concentration satisfy, at a first but good approximation, Freundlich's isotherm. A modification of Freundlich's isotherm, recently introduced by Sips, may also be used to correlate the experimental data quantitatively. Since the latter isotherm has a rational interpretation, it is suggested that this be used, rather than Freundlich's isotherm, to express quantitatively the dependence of intracellular on extracellular potassium in frog skin.
Exploring phospholipase C-coupled Ca(2+) signalling networks using Boolean modelling.

In this study, the authors explored the utility of a descriptive and predictive bionetwork model for phospholipase C-coupled calcium signalling pathways, built with non-kinetic experimental information. Boolean models generated from these data yield oscillatory activity patterns for both the endoplasmic reticulum resident inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and the plasma-membrane resident canonical transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3). These results are specific as randomisation of the Boolean operators ablates oscillatory pattern formation. Furthermore, knock-out simulations of the IP3R, TRPC3 and multiple other proteins recapitulate experimentally derived results. The potential of this approach can be observed by its ability to predict previously undescribed cellular phenotypes using in vitro experimental data. Indeed, our cellular analysis of the developmental and calcium-regulatory protein, DANGER1a, confirms the counter-intuitive predictions from our Boolean models in two highly relevant cellular models. Based on these results, the authors theorise that with sufficient legacy knowledge and/or computational biology predictions, Boolean networks can provide a robust method for predictive modelling of any biological system. [Includes supplementary material]
Radiative Transfer in Dispersed Media: Comparison Between Homogeneous Phase and Multiphase Approaches

The radiative transfer in dispersed media in the geometric optic regime is investigated through two continuum-based approaches. The first one is the traditional treatment of dispersed media as continuous and homogeneous systems, referred here as the homogeneous phase approach (HPA). The second approach is based on a separate treatment of the radiative transfer in the continuous and dispersed phases, referred here as the multiphase approach (MPA). The effective radiative properties involved in the framework of the HPA are determined using the recent ray-tracing (RT) method, enabled to overcome the modeling difficulties such as the dependent scattering effects and the misunderstanding of the effective absorption coefficient. The two modeling approaches are compared with the direct Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that (i) the HPA combined with effective radiative properties, such as those from the RT method, is satisfactory in analyzing the radiative transfer in dispersed media constituting of transparent, semitransparent, or opaque particles. Therefore, the use of more complex continuum models such as the dependence included discrete ordinate method (Singh, B. P., and Kaviany, M., 1992, “Modelling Radiative Heat Transfer in Packed Beds ,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 35, pp. 1397–1405) is not imperative anymore. (ii) The MPA, though a possible candidate to handle nonequilibrium problems, is suitable if the particle (geometric) backscattering is weak or absent. It is the case, for example, for dispersed media constituted of opaque particles or air bubbles. However, caution should be taken with the MPA when dealing with the radiative transfer in dispersed media constituted of nonopaque particles having refractive indexes greater than that of the continuous host medium.
Hypothermia: Comparing technology

Hypothermia has recently been shown to be beneficial in certain clinical settings of acute brain injury, such as cardiac arrest. The available technology to induce and maintain this state is advancing quickly. This review will focus on the current state of available technology and devices as well as their limitations in attaining this potentially neuroprotective state. Furthermore, we will present the efficacy of the individual systems as well as potential side effects and complications that are associated with the technology chosen.
WebJunction.org: where minds meet to support public access computing

Describes the current version of WebJunction and highlights its forthcoming WebJunction.org, an online community. Provides content in the form of feature articles, monthly newsletters, assessment tools, and online courses and also provides opportunities for those involved in public access computing to communicate with each other and share success stories, best practice and solutions.
Vertebral arterial dissection associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome in a child.

Background: Vertebral artery dissection resulting in stroke is rare in children. We report here on a 7-year-old boy with Klippel-Feil abnormality, who presented with a pontine infarction after a supervised swimming session. Methods: Evaluation after a second acute neurological event included a formal cerebral angiogram, which revealed a complete upper basilar artery occlusion and right vertebral arterial dissection. Cervical spine radiographs demonstrated an associated fusion of the C2 and C3 vertebrae. Anticoagulation therapy was initiated, and the neurological deficits associated with the pontine infarction resolved. Anticoagulation was discontinued after 6 months of therapy, with no recurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: Vertebral artery dissection may rarely be associated with Klippel-Feil abnormality in children.
Bold fusion: transtracheal wash from a Jersey calf.

Abstract A 10-week-old, female, Jersey calf was referred to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation of difficult breathing and inappetence of 18-hours duration. Cytologic examination of a transtracheal wash specimen revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation, with increased numbers of multinucleated cells. Differential diagnoses included established bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection, and foreign body reaction. Immunocytochemical staining was done on a direct smear of the transtracheal wash using a cocktail of 4 mouse monoclonal antibodies against 3 human respiratory syncytial virus proteins. Strong intracytoplasmic staining within mononuclear cells was observed and a diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection was made. Immunocytochemistry may be used as a rapid, inexpensive, adjunctive diagnostic tool for the antemortem diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on transtracheal wash specimens.
The Diasporic Dimensions of British Caribbean Federation in the Early Twentieth Century

[Second and third pragraph]While much has been written on the significance of British Caribbean activists in various movements associated with black diaspora politics in the twentieth century, particularly their important roles in Pan-African struggles, little has been written on how the various British Caribbean colonies themselves were envisioned among diaspora activists and within the scope of black diaspora politics. Did such Caribbean activists, especially those interested in and connected to diasporic movements beyond the British Caribbean, and their African American and African counterparts forsake the British West Indies as a focus of political engagement for other lands and causes? If not, what was the place of “West Indian liberation” and nation building in the British Caribbean in relation to black diasporic struggles in the early twentieth century?This article address these questions through an examination of how the idea of a united “West Indian nation” (via a federation or closer union) among British Caribbean colonies was envisioned within black diaspora politics from the turn of the twentieth century through the 1920s, and the ways in which racial consciousness and motivations informed conceptualizations of such a nation among black political activists of the British Caribbean and other parts of the diaspora. This study argues that efforts to create a federationin the Anglophone Caribbean were much more than simply imperial or regional nation-building projects. Instead, federation was also a diasporic, black nation-building endeavor intricately connected to notions of racial unity, racial uplift, and black self-determination.
MKP-3 regulates PDGF-BB effects and MAPK activation in meningioma cells.

Abstract Autocrine platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and cerebrospinal fluid, which also contains PDGF, stimulate proliferation of leptomeningeal and meningioma cells, in part, by activation of the Raf-1-MEK-1-MAPK pathway. The negative regulators of this activation are not known. However, PDGF receptors and p44/42 MAPK are regulated, in part, by mitogen activated kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) and Src homology carboxyl terminus protein (SHP-2). Six fetal and one adult human leptomeninges specimens and 22 meningiomas were evaluated for MKP-3, SHP-2, and phospho-SHP-2 as well as activation/phosphorylation of MEK1/2, p44/42 MAPK, Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by western blot and MKP3 expression by polymerase chain reaction. PDGF-BB and cerebrospinal fluid effects on these phosphatases and signaling were also studied in vitro. MKP-3 and phospho-p44/42 MAPK were detected in all or six of seven leptomeninges, respectively. MKP-3 was detected in six of eight World Health Organization grade I and II meningiomas. Three of four grade I and five of five grade II with no or low MKP-3 had high levels of phospho-p44/42MAPK. MKP3 was not detected in four of six grade III meningiomas. These had high levels of phospho-p44/42MAPK. SHP2 was found in all leptomeninges and meningiomas while phospho-SHP-2 was found in 11 to 33% of grade I–III meningiomas. Reduced MKP-3 may facilitate PDGF-BB autocrine and paracrine mitogenic effects in a subpopulation of higher grade meningiomas by increasing phospho-p44/42 MAPK.
Nationalist ideology and anti-semitism: the case of Romanian intellectuals in the 1930s

(1993). Nationalist ideology and anti-semitism: the case of Romanian intellectuals in the 1930s. History of European Ideas: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 127-128.
World Trade, disease and Florida's animal populations. The changing dynamics.

: One of florida's three leading economic industries is agriculture. Agriculture feeds and enhances the lives of millions of people in Florida, the united states, and the entire world. Agriculture in Florida results in more than $6 billion in farm cash receipts, employment for more than 60,000 people a month, more than $18 billion in farm-related economic activity and stretches from the farm gate to the state's supermarkets with an impact of nearly $45 billion. The domestic and wild animal populations of Florida, our unique relationship to the Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Central and South America, as well as tourism, diverse human population growth and immigration, all add to the complexity of an environment capable of establishing many animals, animal pests and diseases not native to the United States. Never before have the dynamics of disease control involved as much challenge and diversity. Is the balance at risk, or is the risk over-balanced? Can science, economics and politics blend to maintain this balance? How will the balance affect world trade, disease control and the animal populations of Florida?
STUDY OF AMINO ACID MODIFIERS IN GUAYULE NATURAL RUBBER

ABSTRACT Guayule, a desert shrub indigenous to the United States, is under development as a source of natural rubber that can be used in place of petroleum-based rubber or Hevea rubber. In natural rubbers, physical and chemical properties can be strongly affected by nonrubber constituents, typically proteins and lipids, present in the material, depending on the plant species and postharvest processing. Hevea natural rubber typically contains high levels of nonrubber constituents that contribute to thermal-oxidative stability, cure acceleration, and especially strain-induced crystallization. The latter has been attributed to compound properties that render Hevea natural rubber uniquely suited for the most demanding rubber applications (e.g., aircraft tires). Hevea proteins are susceptible to hydrolysis, releasing free amino acids into the latex, which can affect rubber and compound properties. Here, low-protein guayule latex was blended with a series of amino acids varying in chemical structure. Bulk visco...
On pLg-splines

Abstract pLg -splines are obtained as the solution of best interpolation problems where the smoothness is measured in terms of the L p -norm of Lƒ, L being a linear differential operator. The emphasis of this paper is on the structure and characterization of such splines. Special attention is paid to interpolation defined by linear functionals with support at more than one point. Optimal extension problems, histosplines, and continuous inequality constraints are all treated.
Effect on Restaurant Tipping of Presenting Customers With an Interesting Task and of Reciprocity

Research has shown that servers can increase their tip percentages by positively influencing customers' mood and using the compliance technique of reciprocity. These factors were examined in the current study. An experiment was conducted in which a female server either did or did not present customers with a novel, interesting task that has been shown in previous research to stimulate interest and enhance mood. Additionally, sometimes she allowed customers to keep the task, in an attempt to elicit reciprocity. It was predicted that both of these manipulations would increase tip percentages. Presenting customers with the interesting task did increase tips, from about 18.5% to 22%, although the reciprocity manipulation had no effect.
Development of polymer-based artificial haircell using surface micromachining and 3D assembly

We report the development of an artificial haircell (AHC) fabricated using polymer surface micromachining and efficient 3D assembly. The AHC is modeled after biological hair cells, a common and versatile mechanoreceptor in biology. The design and fabrication process are discussed in the paper. Response to static deflection and airflow is also discussed.
Mechanisms of Inferential Order Judgments in Humans (Homo sapiens) and Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

If A > B, and B > C, it follows logically that A > C. The process of reaching that conclusion is called transitive inference (TI). Several mechanisms have been offered to explain transitive performance. Scanning models claim that the list is scanned from the ends of the list inward until a match is found. Positional discrimination models claim that positional uncertainty accounts for accuracy and reaction time patterns. In Experiment 1, we trained rhesus monkeys and humans on adjacent pairs (e.g. AB, BC, CD, DE, EF) and tested them with previously untrained nonadjacent pairs (e.g. BD). In Experiment 2, we trained a second list, and tested with nonadjacent pairs selected between lists (e.g. B from list 1, D from list 2). We then introduced associative competition between adjacent items in Experiment 3 by training two items per position (e.g. B1C1, B2C2) before testing with untrained nonadjacent items. In all three Experiments, humans and monkeys showed distance effects in which accuracy increased, and reaction time decreased, as the distance between items in each pair increased (e.g. BD vs. BE). In Experiment 4, we trained adjacent pairs with separate 9- list and 5-item lists. We then tested with nonadjacent pairs selected between lists to determine whether list items were chosen according to their absolute position (e.g. D, 5-item list > E, 9-item list), or their relative position (e.g. D, 5-item list < E, 9-item list). Both monkeys’ and humans’ choices were most consistent with a relative positional organization.
Urinary calcium response to chronic parathyroidectomy in rats.

In rats maintained on a normal diet parathyroidectomy resulted in a hypercalciuric response which persisted for periods up to 4 weeks. In view of the marked hypocalcemia existing throughout the 4-week period, it is concluded that removal of the parathyroids results in a chronic increase in calcium clearance. Serum magnesium and urinary magnesium and inorganic phosphate data are also reported. Chronic parathyroidectomy resulted in the expected fall in urinary inorganic phosphate. Serum magnesium fell following parathyroidectomy; urinary magnesium levels were unaffected by the operation. (Endocrinology 79: 77, 1966)
Efficiently passing messages in distributed spiking neural network simulation.

Efficiently passing spiking messages in a neural model is an important aspect of high-performance simulation. As the scale of networks has increased so has the size of the computing systems required to simulate them. In addition, the information exchange of these resources has become more of an impediment to performance. In this paper we explore spike message passing using different mechanisms provided by the Message Passing Interface (MPI). A specific implementation, MVAPICH, designed for high-performance clusters with Infiniband hardware is employed. The focus is on providing information about these mechanisms for users of commodity high-performance spiking simulators. In addition, a novel hybrid-method for spike exchange was implemented and benchmarked.
Making self-adaptation an engineering reality

In this paper, we envision a world where a software engineer could take an existing software system, specify, for a set of properties of interest, an objective, conditions for change, and strategies for their adaptation and, within a few man weeks, make that system self-adaptive where it was not before. We describe how our approach generalizes to different classes of systems and holds promise for cost-effective, dynamic system self-adaptation to become an engineering reality.
Life power and art safeguard

When a works of art or a monument is completed, it actually starts a new life, a new life influenced by the overall context where this art piece will be placed and/or exhibited. It is like a newborn that starts its life adventure. The living context is not always favorable for the new entity, and different risks may occur, depending on the deterioration agents and the duration of the exposure. Weathering, pollution, and biological colonization may cause serious problems to the exposed artistic entities. Could these deterioration problems be overcome by using sustainable and natural solutions, such as the help of living/dead microorganisms or only of their metabolic products? The answer seems to be positive and quite promising, taking into account the potent features of the microorganisms, such as the minimum requirements for living, the high velocity of reproduction, the great number of the offspring and their great resistance and adaptability to adverse environmental factors. In fact, bioremediation of different degradation problems of works of art was already successfully proven (Ranalli et al., 2000, 2005; Joseph et al., 2012; Perito et al., 2013) with cleaning and consolidation treatments. One important fact must be considered when these treatments are used in outdoor conditions. This is related with the possible consequence of the biotreatment on the ecological equilibrium present already on the surfaces to be treated. The naturally occurring microorganisms are always living in a dynamic equilibrium with the surrounding environment, forming communities of usually more than one species, so the new species used for the biotreatment could integrate or disrupt this balance. Even if dead microorganisms are used, they will surely become part of the ecosystem energy flow. A biotreatment with living microorganisms at a big scale in an outdoor environment is definitely more difficult to control and understand its own behavior in time, being linked with the ecological factors. However, the using of isolated metabolic products rather than living or dead organisms are more appropriate, as they could be better controlled. The thoroughly superpower of the microorganisms, if harnessed, could improve the safeguarding of works of art. To do this, it is essential to clearly individuate the cases where it could be applied, to have deep knowledge of the biotreatment trend and mechanisms, and of course, to ensure the reproducibility in similar conditions.
Extracting and Ranking Product Features in Opinion Documents

An important task of opinion mining is to extract people's opinions on features of an entity. For example, the sentence, "I love the GPS function of Motorola Droid" expresses a positive opinion on the "GPS function" of the Motorola phone. "GPS function" is the feature. This paper focuses on mining features. Double propagation is a state-of-the-art technique for solving the problem. It works well for medium-size corpora. However, for large and small corpora, it can result in low precision and low recall. To deal with these two problems, two improvements based on part-whole and "no" patterns are introduced to increase the recall. Then feature ranking is applied to the extracted feature candidates to improve the precision of the top-ranked candidates. We rank feature candidates by feature importance which is determined by two factors: feature relevance and feature frequency. The problem is formulated as a bipartite graph and the well-known web page ranking algorithm HITS is used to find important features and rank them high. Experiments on diverse real-life datasets show promising results.
Inter-ethnic friendships in post-war Bosnia-Herzegovina: Sociodemographic and place influences

International concerns about the continued ethnicization of Bosnian social and political life are both validated and challenged by the December 2005 public opinion study. Ordinary Bosnians are will...
Investigating High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing as a Tool for Studying Yeast during Red Winemaking

The application of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to inactivate microorganisms in a grape must (crushed grapes), coupled with autoclavable microscale fermentors, was investigated as a potential tool for studying the impact of yeast on red wine aroma and flavor. A Pinot noir grape must was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brettanomyces bruxellensis, Kluveromyces thermotolerans, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Oenococcus oeni, and Acetobacter aceti at ~1 × 105 cfu/mL and subjected to HHP treatment for 10 min at 551 MPa (5510 bar). After HHP treatment no viable cells were detected in the grape must. Autoclavable microscale fermentors were then used to conduct replicate fermentations of HHP-treated and untreated Pinot noir grapes producing sufficient wine for chemical and sensory analysis. No differences were observed in fermentation rate between treatments, and variability between replicates was very low. No significant differences in color or hue were observed, but wine produced from HHP-treated grapes contained higher total phenolics. Sensory analysis of the wines by a trained panel revealed that other than a slight increase in overall fruit aroma there were no significant differences between any aroma and flavor descriptors. Results suggest that HHP processing of grapes, in conjunction with autoclavable microscale fermentors, could be used to conduct experimental red wine fermentations without the influence of native yeast and bacteria present on grapes and fermentation equipment.
Automobile Fuel Economy on Fixed Urban Driving Schedules

Various fixed urban driving schedules have been defined to represent the speed-time characteristics of urban traffic. When the fuel economy of a particular vehicle is measured using a fixed urban driving schedule, the result depends on the particular schedule chosen. In the present paper it is shown that the differences in fuel economy measured using different schedules can be satisfactorily explained in terms of a simple model, relating fuel consumption to the average speed of urban traffic, previously derived by driving instrumented vehicles in actual street traffic.
Pumpers, skypers, surfers and texters: technology to improve the management of diabetes in teenagers.

A variety of innovative technologies are available to assist with the management of diabetes in teenagers. Technologies include devices that assist with the direct day-to-day management of diabetes including insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors. These devices are being used more and more with teenagers as a means of improving treatment adherence and glycaemic control. In addition, telehealth is being used to deliver care and support around diabetes management issues for teens with diabetes. Telehealth used in diabetes care for teens includes cell phones and video-conferencing. The goal of this telehealth technology is to support health behaviours and implement behavioural change strategies in a way that is more integrated into the everyday lives of patients and even in the context in which the behaviours occur in ‘real time’. Finally, information and support via the Internet are gaining acceptance and use among teens with diabetes as an effective means of strategies for improved diabetes self-care. All three of these broad uses of technology in diabetes in teens represent flexible, innovative, and accessible approaches to improving both diabetes management and glycaemic control in this ‘at risk’ population.
Adiponectin: a relevant player in obesity-related colorectal cancer?

Obesity is a condition characterised by an abnormally elevated mass of body fat. The past decades have seen a dramatic rise in the worldwide incidence of obesity due to lifestyle changes that have led to an overall reduced physical activity and an increase in the intake of excessive and/or highly caloric or processed foods. As a consequence, obesity represents nowadays a major global health concern. In particular, several epidemiological studies have linked obesity to a shortened lifespan due primarily to a higher risk for the development of chronic pathologies that include cardiovascular complications such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and stroke, in addition to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.1 Additionally, obesity has also been shown to increase the risk of developing different types of tumours such as the cancer of the oesophagus, colon, rectum, pancreas, gallbladder, kidney, breast, thyroid and endometrium.2 In obesity, low …
Co-developed knowhow assets in technology partnerships

A general framework and empirical methodology for quantifying and characterizing co-developed knowhow assets built up in a technology partnership is developed. This framework and related hypotheses are tested on a US-Japanese co-development partnership project in the semiconductor industry. The resulting data and analysis demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for informing strategic and managerial decisions in areas ranging from technology sourcing, inter-firm transaction and governance costs and structuring multi-national co-development processes. The findings expand understanding of the project-level mechanisms underlying partnership learning and development processes, new process innovation and dynamic capabilities. >
Human antibodies targeting cell surface antigens overexpressed by the hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer cells: ICAM-1 is a tumor antigen that mediates prostate cancer cell invasion

Transition from hormone-sensitive to hormone-refractory metastatic tumor types poses a major challenge for prostate cancer treatment. Tumor antigens that are differentially expressed during this transition are likely to play important roles in imparting prostate cancer cells with the ability to grow in a hormone-deprived environment and to metastasize to distal sites such as the bone and thus, are likely targets for therapeutic intervention. To identify those molecules and particularly cell surface antigens that accompany this transition, we studied the changes in cell surface antigenic profiles between a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer line LNCaP and its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, using an antibody library-based affinity proteomic approach. We selected a naive phage antibody display library to identify human single-chain antibodies that bind specifically to C4-2B but not LNCaP. Using mass spectrometry, we identified one of the antibody-targeted antigens as the ICAM-1/CD54/human rhinovirus receptor. Recombinant IgG1 derived from this single-chain antibody binds to a neutralizing epitope of ICAM-1 and blocks C4-2B cell invasion through extracellular matrix in vitro. ICAM-1 is thus differentially expressed during the transition of the hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, plays an important role in imparting the C4-2B line with the ability to invade, and may therefore be a target for therapeutic intervention.
MOLECULAR GRADIENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF RETINOTOPIC MAPS

Gradients of axon guidance molecules have long been postulated to control the development of the organization of neural connections into topographic maps. We review progress in identifying molecules required for mapping and the mechanisms by which they act, focusing on the visual system, the predominant model for map development. The Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, the ephrins, remain the only molecules that meet all criteria for graded topographic guidance molecules, although others fulfill some criteria. Recent reports further define their modes of action and new roles for them, including EphB/ephrin-B control of dorsal-ventral mapping, bidirectional signaling of EphAs/ephrin-As, bifunctional action of ephrins as attractants or repellents in a context-dependent manner, and complex interactions between multiple guidance molecules. In addition, spontaneous patterned neural activity has recently been shown to be required for map refinement during a brief critical period. We speculate on additional activities required for map development and suggest a synthesis of molecular and cellular mechanisms within the context of the complexities of map development.
Effect of Neurotensin, Substance P and Morphine Sulfate on the Secretion of Prolactin and Growth Hormone in the Rat

Neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP) and morphine sulfate (MS) elevate plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels in both normal or estrogen-progesterone pretreated male rats. By contrast, steroid priming is required for TRF to exhibit PR.L-releasing activity. Naloxone, an opiate receptor blocker, reverses the stimulatory effect of MS only. Diphenhydramine, a histamine antagonist, inhibits the response to NT, SP and MS without affecting the response to TRF. These results suggest the involvement of a histaminic step in the action of NT, SP and MS. TRF, NT and SP do not appear to stimulate PRL and GH through activation of an opiate receptor. (Endocrinology 100: 751, 1977)
Implementing articulation rules for object request brokers as an extension to production systems

When combining data from distinct sources, there is a need to share meta data and other knowledge about various source domains. Due to semantic inconsistencies, problems arise when combining knowledge across domains when the knowledge is simply merged. Also, knowledge that is irrelevant to the task of interoperation will be included, making the result unnecessarily complex. An algebra over domain ontologies was proposed to support disciplined manipulation among heterogeneous systems. The paper describes the domain ontology algebra and the use of articulation rules to link declarative interfaces. In particular, it discusses the articulation's implementation as part of CLIPS production system capable of operating over the ontologies described by the interfaces of objects registered in multiple CORBA servers.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FLAMEHOLDING TENDENCIES IN PREMIXER PASSAGES FOR GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS

Over the past decade, Arthur Lefebvre participated each year in the “Gas Turbine Short Course” in Irvine, a course that he conceived and previously taught at Purdue. Before or after the short course, Arthur each year engaged the UCI combustion graduate students and discussed their research projects, provided insight and guidance based on his decades of experience. The study reported herein is one such example. The paper discusses results from research conducted in 2000 that was watched closely by Arthur during his annual visits to Irvine. The motivation for this work arises from issues associated with premixers for gas turbines. As inlet temperatures increase, the question is raised as to whether the reaction will be disgorged from the mixer and stabilize on wall perturbations associated with joints and fasteners. The current study systematically studies the tendencies for such wall perturbations to anchor a reaction using a flow tube that can provide the velocities, temperatures, pressures, and perturbations representative of those found in practical engine applications. A sudden step expansion perturbation geometry was the focus of the current effort. Fuel and velocity distributions within the flow tube were measured. A statistically designed experiment was developed and conducted in order to identify the key geometric and operational factors affecting flameholding. Arthur’s experience and expertise in the area of flameholding led to a natural interest in this project as it looked at flameholding in the limiting cases of small geometries (really geometry perturbations vs flameholders), whereas the work he had done emphasized relatively large stabilizers. Indeed, the focus of his effort was to design system to hold flame, whereas the present study was seeking to answer the question of “at what dimension will flame no longer be held”? As a consequence, Arthur saw an old problem being looked at from a different perspective, which, not surprisingly, was intriguing.
Defects in mesoderm, neural tube and vascular development in mouse embryos lacking fibronectin

To examine the role of fibronectin in vivo, we have generated mice in which the fibronectin gene is inactivated. Heterozygotes have one half normal levels of plasma fibronectin, yet appear normal. When homozygous, the mutant allele causes early embryonic lethality, proving that fibronectin is required for embryogenesis. However, homozygous mutant embryos implant and initiate gastrulation normally including extensive mesodermal movement. Neural folds also form but the mutant embryos subsequently display shortened anterior-posterior axes, deformed neural tubes and severe defects in mesodermally derived tissues. Notochord and somites are absent; the heart and embryonic vessels are variable and deformed, and the yolk sac, extraembryonic vasculature and amnion are also defective. These abnormalities can be interpreted as arising from fundamental deficits in mesodermal migration, adhesion, proliferation or differentiation as a result of the absence of fibronectin. The nature of these embryonic defects leads to reevaluation of suggested roles for fibronectin during early development based on results obtained in vitro and in embryos of other species.
Assessment of the Anterior Loop of the Mental Nerve Using Cone Beam Computerized Tomography Scan.

The purpose of this study is to use cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans with oblique-transverse reconstruction modality to measure and compare the anterior loop length (AnLL) of the mental nerve between gender and age groups and to compare the difference between the right and left sides. Sixty-one female and 61 male CBCT scans were randomly selected for each age group: 21–40, 41–60, and 61–80 years. Both right- and left-side AnLLs were measured in each subject using i-CATVision software to measure AnLLs on the oblique transverse plane using multiplanar reconstruction. The anterior loop was identified in 85.2% of cases, with the mean AnLL of the 366 subjects (732 hemimandibles) being 1.46 ± 1.25 mm with no statistically significant difference between right and left sides or between different gender groups. However, the mean AnLL in the 21–40 year group (1.89 ± 1.35 mm) was larger than the AnLL in the 41–60 year group (1.35 ± 1.19 mm) and the 61–80 year group (1.13 ± 1.08 mm). In conclusion, when...
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Very High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Cavity Cooling System

The design of passive heat removal systems is one of the main concerns for the modular very high temperature gas-cooled reactors (VHTR) vessel cavity. The reactor cavity cooling system (RCCS) is a ...
Distinctive injury deaths: the role of environment, policy and measurement across states

Background Maps identifying the most distinctive feature of each state have become popular on social media, but may also have important public health applications. A map identifying the most distinctive injury death in each state could be a useful tool for policymakers, enabling them to identify potential gaps in prevention efforts. Objective To identify the most distinctive cause of injury death in each state and explore potential reasons for the geographical variation. Methods The Centers for Disease Control Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System was used to identify the injury death for each state with a rate which was the largest multiple of the national rate. Analyses were conducted with and without inclusion of ‘indefinite’ codes, which include injury causes of death of undetermined intent, unspecified person killed in a motor vehicle crash (MVC; vehicle occupant, cyclist, pedestrian, etc) or unspecified injury. Results Noteworthy patterns included seven states in Appalachia and the Southeast with high relative rates of unintentional firearm deaths (2.14–4.06 times the national average) and five states on the West Coast with high relative rates of legal intervention deaths (1.76–3.49 times the national average). Sensitivity analyses indicated that use of ‘undetermined intent’ classifications and the level of detail in coding MVCs vary substantially by state. Conclusions These analyses highlight potential areas for prevention, such as promotion of safe storage laws in states with relatively high rates of unintentional firearm deaths and areas where standardisation of cause of death codes could be improved.