cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electroencephalographic rhythms from the depths of the frontal lobe in 60 psychotic patients.

Abstract The following waves were consistently recorded from the depths of the frontal lobes in 60 psychotic patients: (1) alphalike 8 to 12 c/sec. waves in the uppermost layers; (2) arrhythmic 2 to 4 c/sec. waves maximal in the ventral medial portions; (3) fast 25 c/sec. waves maximal in the lateral portions; (4) rhythmic 26 to 38 c/sec. waves from the olfactory bulb and (5) flat recordings, probably from the central white matter. Of 40 patients who had normal preliminary recordings from the scalp, 23 showed bilateral rhythmic bursts of high-voltage, 2 to 5 c/sec. waves, occasionally simulating slow sharp waves, in depth recordings. To allow assessment of the properties of the rhythms encountered in the depths of the frontal lobe, recordings were made under varied conditions, such as mental activity, hyperventilation, sleep, ether and barbiturate anesthesia, and various types of stimulation. Light ether anesthesia, as well as that induced by thiopental sodium, increased the voltage of the 25 c/sec. waves. Ether increased their frequency, whereas thiopental decreased it. Deep anesthesia further enhanced the changes in frequency. Evoked olfactory potentials were not abolished by deep anesthesia. Ether increased their frequency up to 48 c/sec. and thiopental sodium decreased it to 17 c/sec. We have attempted to contribute to the recognition and understanding of the wave forms in the frontal lobe and their distribution in the hope that such work will be of value in the establishment of base lines for depth electrography. As the recordings in this study were derived from psychotic patients, we have purposely avoided any statement regarding the normalcy of the waves described.
Is the Use of Drug-Eluting Stents Related to the Risk of Target Vessel Revascularization

The benefit of drug-eluding stents (DES) in reducing target vessel revascularization (TVR) is greatest in patients at high risk of restenosis with bare metal stents (BMS). Lowering the risk of TVR with DES must be weighed against the potential increased risks of stent thrombosis and of bleeding from
Laser direct writing of graphene patterns

Rapid growth of single-layer graphene using laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) with a visible CW laser (λ = 532 nm) irradiation at room temperature was investigated. In this study, an optically-pumped solid-state laser with a wavelength of 532 nm irradiates a thin nickel foil to induce a local temperature rise, thereby allowing the direct writing of graphene patterns about ~10 μm in width with high growth rate on precisely controlled positions. It is demonstrated that the fabrication of graphene patterns can be achieved with a single scan for each graphene pattern using LCVD with no annealing or preprocessing of the substrate. The scan speed reaches to about ~50 um/s, which indicates that the graphene pattern with 1:1 aspect ratio (x:y) can be grown in 0.2 sec. The patterned graphene on nickel was transferred to SiO2/Si substrate for fabrication of electrical circuits and sensor devices.
Effects of oxygen on EPR spectra of nitroxide spin-label probes of model membranes

Abstract The use of a methylpentene polymer, TPX, for construction of sample containers that allow easy equilibration of electron paramagnetic resonance samples with nitrogen is described. The effects of oxygen-dependent shortening of the electron spin relaxation times of nitroxide spin labels were studied in dispersions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylchohne (DPPC). First-harmonic, in-phase, absorption spectra of deoxygenated samples of 2-(14-carboxytetradecyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl (16SASL) in DMPC display decreased linewidths and increased peak-to-peak heigths and resolution of 13C splittings. Continuous-wave (cw) saturation studies of 16SASL/DMPC and both lipid- and aqueous-phase components of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinooxyl (Tempo) partitioned into DPPC show that the rf field at which the signal intensity is maximized decreases when aerated samples are equilibrated with nitrogen. Second-harmonic, out-of-phase, absorption (saturation transfer) spectra of deoxygenated samples of 16SASUDMPC at −22°C and 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-tridecyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl (5SASL) in DPPC at 35°C display increased signal intensity and lineshape changes. Electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) spectra display much greater ELDOR reduction in signal intensity when a deoxygenated sample of 16SASL/DMPC is used. Our results indicate that the routine use of deoxygenated samples in biologically relevant studies using spin-label probes should be considered.
Shock Avoidance and the Newer Tachycardia Therapy Algorithms

Patients who receive shock therapy have an associated reduction in the mortality benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Prolonging the time to therapy and restricting therapy to faster tachycardias can significantly reduce shocks overall, with an associated mortality benefit. The decision on single-chamber versus dual-chamber defibrillator implantation needs to be individualized. Remote monitoring facilitates earlier recognition of patient-related and device-related issues, reducing the risk of inappropriate therapy. Medical therapy and catheter ablation are effective adjunctive strategies in patients with ICD shocks to reduce or eliminate future events.
Artery–Vein–Artery Venous Flap for Simultaneous Soft-Tissue Repair and Radial Artery Reconstruction: Case Report

We present a case of partial amputation of the forearm resulting in soft-tissue and radial artery defects that were simultaneously repaired using a large artery–vein–artery venous flap. The flap measured 4 × 11 cm, and we attribute its complete survival and long-term durability to the artery–vein–artery configuration.
Philosophy and the DSM-III

Abstract This report explores the interface between psychiatry and the DSM-III, arguing that philosophy and psychiatry are of value to one another. Three trends within philosophy are delineated—positivism, hermeneutics, and a synthetic position. These trends are applied to the DSM-III and to specific issues in psychiatric nosology such as the definition of mental disorder, the question of establishing boundaries between different psychiatric disorders, and the differentiation of organic and functional disorders. It is argued that while nosologists often think of themselves along positivist lines, and are often criticized by hermeneutic thinkers for just these assumptions, a synthetic view accounts best for how psychiatric science works. It is concluded that philosophy undergirds psychiatric nosology, while psychiatric nosology raises a series of philosophical questions.
Configuration analysis of unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids

Abstract Stereoisomers of methyl ricinoleate, methyl isoricinoleate, and related methyl esters of bis-homoallylic hydroxy fatty acids were reacted with (R)- and (S)-α-naphthylethyl isocyanate to form diastereomeric carbamates that separated well on silica gel high-performance liquid chromatography. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance shifts of the carbomethoxymethyl protons were used to assign configuration to the alcohol component of the carbamate derivative. Combining high-performance liquid chromatography with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy may allow one to determine the configuration of naturally occurring hydroxy fatty acids as well as to determine configurational purity.
Erythropoietin and ventricular remodelling: a VEGF-dependent neovascularity

This editorial refers to ‘Vascular endothelial growth factor is crucial for erythropoietin-induced improvement of cardiac function in heart failure’ by B.D. Westenbrink et al. , pp. 30–39, this issue. To uncover novel therapeutics for heart failure (HF), attention has focussed on the biological factors that underlie the transition from an initially adaptive hypertrophic response to a maladaptive state that promotes progressive cardiac dysfunction. The cardiac microvasculature is an important factor in this regard inasmuch as insufficient capillary growth is thought to be an important contributor to progressive dysfunction and remodelling in HF.1 Unlike the increased capillary density seen in conditions of physiological cardiac hypertrophy,2 reduced microvascular density and fewer capillaries are commonly observed in failing hearts.1,3–6 Microvascular rarefaction in pathological hypertrophy imparts many untoward effects, including myocardial ischaemia due to deficient oxygen supply, inefficient cardiac metabolism, myocyte loss, inflammation, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction.1,3–6 Changes in myocardial capillary density during myocardial hypertrophy have been linked to the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).6 In murine models, pressure overload induces the expression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2 during the adaptive phase of hypertrophy, whereas blockade of VEGF signalling decreases myocardial neovascularization and accelerates the transition to failure.6 Hence, restoration of the cardiac microvasculature theoretically represents a viable strategy to improve cardiac function in HF. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a growth factor that promotes the differentiation and proliferation …
A High-Resolution Global Sea Surface Temperature Climatology

Abstract In response to the development of a new higher-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis at the National Meteorological Center (NMC), a new monthly 1° global sea surface temperature climatology was constructed from two intermediate climatologies: the 2° SST climatology presently used at NMC and a 1° SST climatology derived from the new analysis. The 2° SST climatology used a 30-yr 1950–1979 base period between roughly 40°S and 60°N based on in situ (ship and buoy) SST data supplemented by four years (1982–1985) of satellite SST retrievals. The 1° SST climatology was based on monthly analyses using in situ SST data, satellite SST retrievals, and sea-ice coverage data over a 12-yr period (1982–1993). The final climatology was combined from these two products so that a 1° resolution was maintained and the base period was adjusted to the 1950–1979 period wherever possible (approximately between 40°S and 60°N). Compared to the 2° climatology, the 1° climatology resolves equatorial upwelling an...
Examination of the interactions between the HTLV-1-encoded Tax oncoprotein and the cellular coactivators CBP/p300.

Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes several diseases including aggressive Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL). A major player in the malignant transformation of infected cells is expression of Tax, the virally-encoded oncoprotein. Tax is a potent activator of HTLV-1 transcription. To activate viral transcription, Tax, together with the cellular protein CREB, bind to the viral CRE enhancer elements located in the HTLV-1 promoter. Together, these activators recruit the homologous coactivator proteins CBP to initiate strong transcription of the provirus. Both CBP/p300 are involved in multiple cellular pathways, and deregulation of these proteins is associated with numerous pathologies. Despite extensive work on Tax-stimulated recruitment of CBP/p300 to the HTLV-1 promoter, primarily via their KIX domain, potential interactions between Tax and other domains of CBP/p300 have not been fully investigated. Recently, we have found that Tax interacts with several additional domains of the coactivators, however the significance of these interactions remains incompletely understood. We hypothesize that Tax interaction with various domains of CBP/p300 stimulates the potency of the coactivators and enhanced transcription. Our studies utilize protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction assays using individual domains of the coactivators, together with mutations and deletions that specifically target the Tax-CBP/p300 interface. Competition and activity assays enable us to functionally and biophysically characterize Tax-coactivator interactions. These studies have implications for both viral and cellular mechanisms of gene expression, and expand our understanding of the role of Tax and the cellular coactivators in HTLV-1 transcription and replication.
Meaning of Molasse

Discussion of the evolution of mountain belts is facilitated by use of the term “molasse” for recurring late orogenic clastic wedges deposited in a linear foredeep on the flank of a craton. This tectofacies followed thick geosynclinal marine sequences deformed during major upheaval of the range. Detritus from the uplift and its associated thrust sheets accumulated relatively rapidly on piedmont fans and alluvial plains, and in peripheral paralic environments. Molasse contains an important record of tectonic activity during late stages of orogeny.
An alternative approach to statistical age-period-cohort analysis

Age-period-cohort analysis has generated considerable interest in epidemiology, but the model has fundamental problems which have been discussed by Kupper et al. While one can agree that the age-period-cohort model should be used with caution, it should also be noted that some useful inferences can be made with the model. The problems raised by Kupper et al. are discussed in terms of estimable functions of the parameters, which are not affected by arbitrary constraints on the parameters. The use of these methods are illustrated and specific examples presented where age-period-cohort models can be used effectively.
Biomechanics of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Dog II. Mechanical Properties

A biomechanical analysis of the results of an over-the-top procedure for replacement of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in the dog is presented. Using 15 adult mongrel dogs, the CCL in one stifle joint was reconstructed using fascia lata and the lateral one-third of the patellar ligament. The opposite CCL served as the control. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 4, 12 and 26 weeks postoperation and axial failure tests were performed. Stiffness, maximum load, and elastic modulus of the replacement increased over time, while elongation to maximum load continually decreased as compared to controls. Other parameters showed less consistent trends. The results are encouraging given the reduction in joint laxity and the increases in tissue stiffness and strength. However, the ligament substitute was still unable to replicate the mechanical properties of the normal cruciate ligament. Longer studies therefore are required to determine if this replacement is capable of completely restoring joint stability and normal function.
Distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) in Korea analyzed by environmental clustering

Using environmental data and the geospatial clustering tools LOICZView and DISCO, we empirically tested the postulated existence and boundaries of four biogeographic regions in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. Environmental variables used included wind speed, sea surface temperature (SST), salinity, tidal amplitude, and the chlorophyll spectral signal. Our analysis confirmed the existence of four biogeographic regions, but the details of the borders between them differ from those previously postulated. Specimen-level distribution records of intertidal sea anemones were mapped; their distribution relative to the environmental data supported the importance of the environmental parameters we selected in defining suitable habitats. From the geographic coincidence between anemone distribution and the clusters based on environmental variables, we infer that geospatial clustering has the power to delimit ranges for marine organisms within relatively small geographical areas.
Mediating processes of two communication interventions for breast cancer patients

Objective Test whether three mediating processes of Self-Determination Theory are involved in intervention effects on quality of life for breast cancer patients.
Immediate in vivo response of the cortex and the blood-brain barrier following dynamic cortical deformation in the rat.

Abstract Although it is known that the brain can be injured by mechanical forces initiated at the moment of impact during trauma, it is not clear how the physical response of the brain dictates the injury patterns that occur in experimental models of traumatic brain injury. In this study, we investigated the mechanical response of the brain to a technique that creates a focal injury in the rat brain. Using a transient vacuum pulse applied to the exposed cortical surface, we found that the displacement of the cortex and the extent of in vivo blood–brain barrier breakdown were related significantly to the vacuum pressure level. The relationship between the response of the cortex and injury pattern points towards a new opportunity for control of the distribution and extent of injury patterns in animal models through a precise understanding of the model biomechanics, as well as potential improvements in means of preventing traumatic brain injury.
Multiple access of homonym meanings: an artifact of backward priming?

A color-naming task was employed to determine whether multiple homonym meanings are accessed from the lexicon independently of context. Subjects heard sentences ending in homonyms, then, either 0 or 200 msec later, saw target words that were appropriately related, inappropriately related, or unrelated to the preceding homonym. Results supported the prediction that color-naming responses to both appropriate and inappropriate targets would be inhibited relative to unrelated targets at the 0-msec interstimulus delay. Within 200 msec, inappropriate targets were no longer inhibited, indicating that context had acted to select the appropriate meaning. The color-naming task is known to eliminate the possibility of backward priming; therefore, the multiple access effect obtained in this study cannot be an artifact of backward priming.
A practical guide to art/science collaborations

This practical guide to art/science (A/S) collaborations advises artists and scientists on how to foster, prepare for, and improve interdisciplinary work. The current state of the art is presented by Dan Sandin, a computer graphics pioneer who has been working across disciiplinary boundaries for 35 years. Then the course introduces the instructors' collaborative research study on the important elements of successful A/S collaboration. It concludes with three case studies of collaborative A/S initiatives and critical practical advice.
Sample temperature effects in analytical flame spectrometry

Abstract Changes in solution viscosity with temperature cause very substantial changes in nebulization rate which are not reflected by corresponding changes in analyte signals. Increased nebulization rates cause changes in droplet size distributions, resulting in decreases in nebulization efficiency. The changes in droplet size distribution are greater than would be predicted theoretically. Possible reasons for the apparent discrepancy are discussed.
The effects of parental CO 2 environment on seed quality and subsequent seedling performance in Bromusrubens.

Seeds were collected and compared from parent plants of Bromusrubens L. (Poaceae), an exotic Mojave Desert annual grass, grown in ambient (360 μmol mol−1) and elevated (700 μmol mol−1) CO2 to determine if parental CO2 growth conditions affected seed quality. Performance of seeds developed on the above plants was evaluated to determine the influence of parental CO2 growth conditions on germination, growth rate, and leaf production. Seeds of B. rubens developed on parents grown in elevated CO2 had a larger pericarp surface area, higher C:N ratio, and less total mass than ambient-developed seeds. Parental CO2 environment did not have an effect on germination percentage or mean germination time, as determined by radicle emergence. Seedlings from elevated-CO2-developed seeds had a reduced relative growth rate and achieved smaller final mass over the same growth period. Elevated-CO2-developed seeds had smaller seed reserves than ambient seeds, as determined by growing seedlings in sterile media and monitoring senescence. It appears that increased seed C:N ratios associated with plants grown under elevated CO2 may have a major effect on seed quality (morphology, nutrition) and seedling performance (e.g., growth rate and leaf production). Since the invasive success of B. rubens is primarily due to its ability to rapidly germinate, increase leaf area and maintain a relatively high growth rate compared to native annuals and perennial grasses, reductions in seed quality and seedling performance in elevated CO2 may have significant impacts on future community composition in the Mojave Desert.
Hydrodynamic lubrication of narrow porous metal bearings with sealed ends

Abstract A study is made of the performance of narrow porous bearings which are modified by sealing the end pores to prevent the flow of lubricant. The purpose of this proposed modification is to increase the load capacity of the bearing while maintaining its self-lubricating feature. It is shown that the magnitude of the improvement increases with bearing permeability. Numerical data are presented for the Sommerfeld number, coefficient of friction, and attitude angle as a function of eccentricity ratio, permeability parameter, and ratio of thickness to length. In each case values for bearings with non-sealed ends are presented for comparison.
Flagellar adherence of Crithidia fasciculata cells in culture

In early log phase cultures of several of the drug-resistant mutants of Crithidia fasciculata that we have previously obtained, a high percentage of cells attach in pairs at the base of the flagellum. This process, which we have termed “flagellar adherence,” lasts for several hours in some cases and occasionally involves changes in cell morphology. The attachment occurs optimally in gently agitated cultures. Flagellar adherent pairs can be disassociated by vigorous agitation; the pairs reappear in the culture within one to three h after disassociation. These paired forms can be clearly distinguished from the normal cell division forms. Clones of flagellar adherent-competent mutant strains are uniformly able to form these pairs in culture. A low percentage of flagellar adherent forms can be induced in wild type cells by glucose starvation.
Large-scale, high-efficiency thin-film silicon solar cells fabricated by short-pulsed plasma CVD method

Abstract A novel growth technology of microcrystalline silicon ( μ c-Si:H) thin films has been developed using short-pulsed VHF plasma CVD method [K. Nomoto, et al., Short-pulse VHF plasma-enhanced CVD of high-deposition-rate a-Si:H films, in: Proceedings of the 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1997, pp. 1226–1230]. The homogeneity of crystallinity in a film over square meter was improved by using this technology. We applied this technology to intrinsic layers of μ c-Si:H single solar cell, and confirmed that the homogeneity of cell's characteristics on a large-scale substrate was improved. And using this novel fabrication technology to intrinsic layers of a-Si:H/ μ c-Si:H tandem thin-film Si solar cell, initial conversion efficiency of 12.1%, corresponding to about 11% stabilized conversion efficiency was obtained with a large-scale substrate size of 925 mm × 560 mm .
Staphylococcus aureus, platelets, and the heart

Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is serious, burgeoning frequency, and growing increasingly resistant to antibiotics. S. aureus IE is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in nosocomial and community-acquired settings. S. aureus is the most common, most virulent IE etiologic pathogen. S. aureus IE pathogenesis depends upon complex interaction among the pathogen, platelets, plasma proteins, and vascular endothelial cells. S. aureus coordinates the expression of key virulence factors required for the specific pathogenic phases of IE. Platelets, now appear to play an important role in antimicrobial host defense against S. aureus IE and other endovascular infections. Platelet microbicidal proteins are believed to significantly contribute to the antimicrobial properties of platelets; however, abnormal disposition of native or prosthetic cardiac valves is an important risk factor in S. aureus IE establishment and severity. Thus, the need to define the molecular mechanisms of S. aureus pathogenesis and host defense against IE is urgent. Understanding these mechanisms will yield new approaches for the prevention and treatment of such life-threatening cardiovascular infections due to S. aureus.
Capillary Electrophoresis as a Tool for Evaluating Lactic Acid Production from Sorghum

Cereal Chem. 86(2):117–121 Sorghum is an underutilized resource for the production of bioindustrial chemicals like lactic acid. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was tested to monitor the fermentation process, i.e., quantify the amount of lactic acid and by-products in the fermentation broth using phosphate buffer pH 6.25 containing the electroosmotic flow modifier cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). High levels of calcium carbonate were required during fermentation to stabilize the pH and these caused considerably prolonged migration times in CE. A 1:10 dilution of the samples with water was the best way to reduce salt load and thus conductivity in the sample plug, and thus to eliminate the problem of prolonged migration times. Further improvements were achieved by rinsing the capillary with HCl and water after each run, rather than NaOH and water. HCl might more efficiently remove Ca 2+ ions from the capillary surface. The fermentation broth studied was based on liquefied sorghum inoculated with Rhizopus oryzae. The main product was lactic acid (24.60 ± 0.56 g/L) and a significant by-product was fumaric acid (1.07 ± 0.04 g/L).
Family violence issues in obstetrics and gynecology, primary care, and nursing texts

Objective To evaluate major texts in obstetrics and gynecology primary care, and nursing for their content in the area of family violence. Methods The study included 48 medical texts and 19 nursing texts published between 1990 and 1996. Key words and phrases were identified and indices searched. Minimum requirements for content on domestic violence included 12 issues identified as important. If the text contained any information on an issue, it received one point. A domestic violence content score was calculated, and a maximum score of 12 was possible. Textbooks were evaluated for content related to domestic violence as well as rape, child sexual abuse, abuse in pregnancy, and elder abuse. Results Thirty-seven percent of physician texts and 63% of nursing texts included some content on domestic violence. On our domestic violence content scale, 16% of medicine texts and 10% of nursing texts scored 9–12. Conclusion The availability of information on family violence is limited in both medical and nursing texts.
The isothermal compressibility of water mixed with Na-saturated montmorillonite☆

Abstract The isothermal compressibility of water mixed with Na-saturated montmorillonite was measured in mixtures containing from 1.2 to 5.0 g of water per gram of montmorillonite. The isobaric expansibility of the water in some of these mixtures was also measured. It was found that the interparticle water was less compressible but more expansible than pure bulk water. Reasons were given for ascribing these differences to the influence of the surfaces of the montmorillonite particles.
An automated approach to flood mapping

Heavy rain from Tropical Storm Lee resulted in a major flood event for the southern tier of New York State in early September 2011 causing evacuation of approximately 20,000 people in and around the city of Binghamton. In support of the New York State Office of Emergency Management, a high resolution multispectral airborne sensor (WASP) developed by RIT was deployed over the flooded area to collect aerial images. One of the key benefits of these images is their provision for flood inundation area mapping. However, these images require a significant amount of storage space and the inundation mapping process is conventionally carried out using manual digitization. In this paper, we design an automated approach for flood inundation mapping from the WASP airborne images. This method employs Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) for color RGB or multispectral aerial images to extract the flood binary map; then it uses a set of morphological processing and a boundary vectorization technique to convert the binary map into a shapefile. This technique is relatively fast and only requires the operator to select one pixel on the image. The generated shapefile is much smaller than the original image and can be imported to most GIS software packages. This enables critical flood information to be shared with and by disaster response managers very rapidly, even over cellular phone networks.
Evaluating the effects of harvesting alfalfa on alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and parasite populations in Michigan.

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), first found in Michigan in 1966, caused considerable damage to alfalfa throughout the state by 1971. In contrast to more southern regions, the alfalfa weevil lays very few eggs in the fall in Michigan. As a result, most eggs and larvae are present when the fields are ready for cutting in the spring.Different cutting dates were evaluated to determine the effects of cutting on populations of the alfalfa weevil, its primary parasite in Michigan, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), and damage to the crop. Cutting at 507 degree-days (base 48°F (8.9 °C)) caused a 79% reduction in the number of alfalfa weevils produced and a 57% reduction of B. curculionis, while almost eliminating crop damage. Cutting at earlier and later times caused different reductions in populations of both insects and different crop damage.
Alterations in labeling of cell-surface glycoproteins from normal and diabetic rat intestinal microvillous membranes

The effect of chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied on intestinal microvillous membrane surface carbohydrate groups. After 7 weeks of diabetes, purified microvillous membranes were prepared from rat small intestine and surface galactoproteins identified by labeling with galactose oxidase/sodium boro[3H]hydride. Membrane surface sialic acid residues were labeled using the sodium metaperiodate/sodium boro[3H]hydride technique. Membranes were solubilized in SDS and protein labeling analyzed by acrylamide electrophoresis. Membranes from diabetic rats showed an 81% increase in galactoprotein labeling (P less than 0.02) while labeling of sialic acid residues was unchanged. The greatest increase in galactoprotein labeling occurred in protein monomers of Mr 116,000-200,000, where there was a 155% increase in labeling (P less than 0.005). These results indicate that intestinal microvillous membrane protein glycosylation is altered in chronic diabetes. This increase in surface membrane carbohydrates could explain the decreased rates of proteolytic degradation previously described for at least one microvillous protein. An increase in membrane galactose groups has also been noted in hepatocyte and kidney glomerular basement membranes, which suggests the presence of a systematic change in membrane protein glycosylation occurring as a result of the diabetic state.
Sources of information in metamemory: judgments of learning and feelings of knowing

Metamnemonic judgments probe people’s awareness of their own memory processes. The research reviewed here is an examination of the sources of information that subjects use to make judgments of learning (e.g., paired-associate judgments, ease-of-recognition predictions, free-recall judgments), and feelings of knowing (e.g., speeded strategy decisions, tip-of-the-tongue states, feeling-of-knowing judgments). The general pattern in the data suggests that subjects use different sources of information to form these judgments. Target-based sources appear to be important in judgments made at the time of acquisition, whereas cue-based judgments appear to be important in judgments made at the time of retrieval. In general, these sources of information serve as useful heuristics, and metamnemonic judgments tend to be accurate.
The vibrational spectrum of trimethylamine and its deuteromethyl derivatives

Abstract Spectral data in the infrared are presented for trimethylamine and its deuteromethyl substituted derivatives in the gaseous and solid states. The range covered in the study, 80–4000 cm −1 made possible a complete assigmnent of all of the active vibrations. It was found that appreciable coriolis coupling prevented an unambiguous assignment without detailed analysis of the band envelopes. This analysis and new data suggest that revisions are necessary in previously reported assignments.
Global Model for Calculating Room-Temperature Glass Density from the Composition

A large silicate glass density database including 6719 compositions, obtained from SciGlass® and other published sources was analyzed statistically through linear regression for evaluating the global agreement among room temperature density data reported in the literature in 1030 different studies from various investigators, and for facilitating efficient estimation of the density based on a given composition. It was found that the literature data agree very well. Using just 101 of the initial 6719 degrees of freedom 99.8% of the measured density data variance could be reproduced. The standard error of the developed model was 0.019 g/cm³.
Use of letrozole as a chemopreventive agent in aromatase overexpressing transgenic mice

Our recent studies have shown that overexpression of aromatase results in increased tissue estrogenic activity and induction of hyperplastic and dysplastic lesions in mammary glands, and gynecomastia and testicular cancer in male aromatase transgenic mice. Our studies also have shown that aromatase overexpression-induced changes in mammary glands can be abrogated with very low concentrations of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor without any effect on normal physiology. In the present study, we have examined the effect of prior low dose letrozole treatment on pregnancy and lactation. We have also investigated the effect of low dose letrozole treatment on subsequent mammary growth and biochemical changes in these animals. There was no change in the litter size, birth weight and no visible birth defects in letrozole-treated animals. Although, there was an insignificant increase in mammary growth in aged animals after 6 weeks of letrozole treatment, the levels of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and genes involved in cell cycle and cell proliferation remained low compared to control untreated animals. These observations indicate that aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole can be used as chemopreventive agents without effecting normal physiology in aromatase transgenic mice.
Strategies for Streamlined Participation by Native American Governments in Federal Transportation Projects

Creating an effective public involvement process in transportation planning and project development is a challenge for transportation agencies. A meaningful and timely consultation process is especially challenging in projects that affect the cultural resources of Native American tribes. An overview is presented of the major legislative requirements for Native American involvement in federal transportation projects. Three case studies—from Georgia, Wisconsin, and New York—examined how states have effectively streamlined involvement with Native American nations in the transportation decision-making process. Although every transportation program is different and each approach to public involvement should be tailored to project-specific needs, many issues of the consultation process with Native American governments are the same across state transportation agencies. This paper presents how the studied states addressed these issues to improve consultation with Native American governments. Challenges discussed ...
Why American Lawyers Should Go to India: Retracing Galanter's Intellectual Odyssey

The recent publication of Law and Society in Moder India, a collection of 13 essays written by Marc Galanter over the course of more than 25 years spent studying the Indian legal system, both raises and answers the question: Why should an American lawyer go to India? From an American perspective, India is unique among large non-Western nations in presenting a legal system which is accessible, familiar to a significant degree in form and content, and yet embedded in a society as different from our own as any found on earth. Indian law is accessible to Americans because English is the language of its statutes and appellate cases, because it is largely built on a common law foundation, and because its constitutional law is more like ours than can be found in any other major nation. In Galanter's words, an American lawyer in India is confronted by a "spectacular display of familiar elements arrayed in dramatically different shapes" (at 296). This combination of alien and recognizable features produces such provocative areas for comparison as the following: 1. When President George Bush vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1990, the keystone of his veto message was the assertion that the bill
The spectrum of thyroid diseases in childhood and its evolution during transition to adulthood: natural history, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management.

In this contribution, we review current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of thyroid disorders in childhood and adolescence, as well as present an update on therapy methods and management guidelines for these disorders. This overview is conceptually divided into two parts, one focusing on thyroid functional disorders, i.e. conditions leading to hyper- and hypothyroidism, and another one pertinent to structural abnormalities of the thyroid gland, i.e. nodular disorders and thyroid cancer. Currently, congenital hypothyroidism is diagnosed in a much more timely fashion rather than in the past, rendering hypothyroidism-related mental retardation and developmental deficits very rare in newborns and children and, hence, diminishing significantly its public health impact. At the same time, considerable advances have occurred in our understanding of the molecular basis of several genetic conditions affecting the thyroid gland in childhood, such as familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism, as well as of the pathways leading to thyroid neoplasia.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and thapsigargin sensitivity in permeabilized rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes.

Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and free [Ca2+] were measured simultaneously with indo 1 and a Ca(2+)-selective minielectrode in suspensions of permeabilized rabbit or rat ventricular myocytes (approximately 10 mg/mL protein). In the presence of 25 mumol/L ruthenium red and 10 mmol/L oxalate, the Km for Ca2+ uptake by the SR was approximately 250 nmol/L in rabbit and rat ventricular myocytes. The maximal Ca2+ uptake rate was 2.4 times higher in rat than in rabbit. Addition of 5 nmol thapsigargin (TG) per milligram cell protein abolished Ca2+ uptake completely in both species. The [TG] necessary for a half-maximal reduction of the uptake rate (K1/2) was 55 pmol/mg cell protein for rabbit and 390 pmol/mg cell protein for rat. Assuming that the number of pump sites is two times the concentration of TG necessary to inhibit half of the Ca2+ pump activity (ie, the TG affinity is very high), the density of pump sites is 7.7 mumol/kg wet wt for rabbit and 54.6 mumol/kg wet wt for rat. Despite a fivefold decrease of the Ca2+ uptake rate by a submaximal [TG], the permeabilized myocytes were still able to lower the free [Ca2+] to 10 mumol/L. The relative inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by TG did not depend on the free [Ca2+]. Addition of more than 5 nmol TG per milligram cell protein abolished Ca2+ uptake by the SR completely in < 15 seconds and reduced the uptake rate by 95% in 5 seconds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Joint hypermobility, obstetrical outcomes, and pelvic floor disorders.

Introduction and hypothesis Benign joint hypermobility syndrome may be a risk factor for pelvic floor disorders. It is unknown whether hypermobility impacts the progress of childbirth, a known risk factor for pelvic floor disorders. Our objective was to investigate the association between joint hypermobility syndrome, obstetrical outcomes, and pelvic floor disorders. Our hypotheses were: (1) women with joint hypermobility are less likely to experience operative delivery and prolonged second-stage labor; and (2) pelvic floor disorders are associated with benign hypermobility syndrome, controlling for obstetrical history.
What Makes Good Teachers Good? A Cross-Case Analysis of the Connection Between Teacher Effectiveness and Student Achievement:

This study examined classroom practices of effective versus less effective teachers (based on student achievement gain scores in reading and mathematics). In Phase I of the study, hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess the teacher effectiveness of 307 fifth-grade teachers in terms of student learning gains. In Phase II, 32 teachers (17 top quartile and 15 bottom quartile) participated in an in-depth cross-case analysis of their instructional and classroom management practices. Classroom observation findings (Phase II) were compared with teacher effectiveness data (Phase I) to determine the impact of selected teacher behaviors on the teachers' overall effectiveness drawn from a single year of value-added data.
GWAS for discovery and replication of genetic loci associated with sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease

Epidemiologic evidence suggests a heritable component to risk for sudden cardiac arrest independent of risk for myocardial infarction. Recent candidate gene association studies for community sudden cardiac arrests have focused on a limited number of biological pathways and yielded conflicting results. We sought to identify novel gene associations for sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease by performing a genome-wide association study. Tagging SNPs (n = 338,328) spanning the genome were typed in a case-control study comparing 89 patients with coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation to 520 healthy controls. Fourteen SNPs including 7 SNPs among 7 genes (ACYP2, AP1G2, ESR1, DGES2, GRIA1, KCTD1, ZNF385B) were associated with sudden cardiac arrest (all p < 1.30 × 10-7), following Bonferroni correction and adjustment for population substructure, age, and sex; genetic variation in ESR1 (p = 2.62 × 10-8; Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.277, 1.596) has previously been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In tandem, the role of 9 genes for monogenic long QT syndrome (LQT1-9) was assessed, yielding evidence of association with CACNA1C (LQT8; p = 3.09 × 10-4; OR = 1.18, 95% CI:1.079, 1.290). We also assessed 4 recently published gene associations for sudden cardiac arrest, validating NOS1AP (p = 4.50 × 10-2, OR = 1.15, 95% CI:1.003, 1.326), CSMD2 (p = 6.6 × 10-3, OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.681, 2.859), and AGTR1 (p = 3.00 × 10-3, OR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.042, 1.215). We demonstrate 11 gene associations for sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. Validation studies in independent cohorts and functional studies are required to confirm these associations.
Pharmacokinetics of boldenone and stanozolol and the results of quantification of anabolic and androgenic steroids in race horses and nonrace horses

Anabolic steroids (ABS) boldenone (BL; 1.1 mg/kg) and stanozolol (ST; 0.55 mg/kg) were administered i.m. to horses and the plasma samples collected up to 64 days. Anabolic steroids and androgenic steroids (ANS) in plasma were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limit of detection of all analytes was 25 pg/mL. The median absorption (t1/2 partial differential) and elimination (t1/2e) half-lives for BL were 8.5 h and 123.0 h, respectively, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUCho) was 274.8 ng.h/mL. The median t1/2e for ST was 82.1 h and the was 700.1 ng.h/mL. Peak mean (X+/-SD) plasma concentrations (Cmax) for BL and ST were 1127.8 and 4118.2 pg/mL, respectively. Quantifiable concentrations of ABS and ANS were found in 61.7% of the 988 plasma samples tested from race tracks. In 17.3% of the plasma samples two or more ABS or ANS were quantifiable. Testosterone (TES) concentrations mean (X+/-SE) in racing and nonracing intact males were 241.3+/-61.3 and 490.4+/-35.1 pg/mL, respectively. TES was not quantified in nonracing geldings and female horses, but was in racing females and geldings. Plasma concentrations of endogenous 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone; NA) from racing and nonracing males were 50.2+/-5.5 and 71.8+/-4.6 pg/mL, respectively.
Treatment of acute kidney injury in children: from conservative management to renal replacement therapy

This Review analyzes the changing face of acute kidney injury in children in terms of etiology, incidence, diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes. The evidence base for conservative management of pediatric acute kidney injury (with agents such as diuretics, nesiritide and fenoldopam) is assessed, and the author offers advice on the optimal timing and modality of renal replacement therapy. Over the past two decades, the etiology and therapy of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children has changed. Historically, hemolytic uremic syndrome was the major cause of pediatric AKI, but advances in technology have meant that sepsis and deterioration of often unrecognized long-term organ dysfunction are now more common causes of pediatric AKI in the developed world. At the same time, major advances in renal replacement therapy in children have occurred as a result of improved strategies for vascular access, more-adaptable equipment, and better techniques and protocols. This Review outlines the etiology, incidence, diagnosis, and treatment—both dialytic and non-dialytic—of pediatric AKI.
the Balinese marriage predicament; individual, strategical, cultural

Marriage in descent theory tends to be the negative result of the application of the incest taboos. In the alliance view, it is brought about by the positive value (resulting from the system) attached to exchange. The utility of alliance theory is generally to be found in the analysis of closed systems, i.e., systems that can be conceptually limited to an ordered universe of linked categories (Buchler and Selby 1968:130). This study sketches the cultural argument surrounding Balinese marriage. We analyze values and rules, as supported by symbols and customary institutions, that insure that marriage remains a potential predicament, an inherent dilemma. We abstract a scheme of Balinese marriage types which cuts across and helps define different caste statuses. The scheme relates most directly to modern Bali, but it encompasses variations of classical (pre-1906) and colonial (1906-1948) times as well.1 Each type of marriage reveals overriding pros and cons-in actuality unresolvable, therefore socially viable, culturally significant, non-mechanical, human. We first summarize the ethnography of marriage values, both positive standards and negative restrictions, and then suggest an epitomizing symbol of this system of action with its potential conflicts. We later explore complementary terminologies, esoteric marriage lore, and literary epics from the related native logic system. Thus, two areas concern us: (1) the system of beliefs, expressive symbols, and value-orientations often deemed "culture" (Parsons and Shils 1962:21 ) and, in particular, that part of Balinese culture which pertains to "marriage," which is usually abstracted for cross-cultural comparisons (cf. L6vi-Strauss 1969); (2) structuralist codes in conventionalized native imagery which relate to the values that underpin social action without merely replicating them. We try to