cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NITROSAMINES AND THE INHIBITION OF Clostridia IN MEDIUM HEATED WITH SODIUM NITRITE

During sterilization of a culture medium in the presence of NaNO2 an inhibitor for the growth of Clostridium was observed. The possibility this might be certain volatile N-nitroso compounds was investigated using CC-MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NO2- in the medium autoclaved with NO; was 40 ppm; in medium to which NO; was added aseptically, the MIC was 640 ppm. Chromatograms showed peaks with retention times similar to N-nitroso compounds; however, structure confirmation with MS showed none contained a nitrosoamine and additional experiments confirmed nitrosamines had no inhibitory effects to growth of Clostridiu.
Use of a single stent for double ureter support in transplantation

A technique for draining both ureters of renal allografts with a single stent is described. The method simplifies the endoscopic removal of the stent.
Basis adaptation in homogeneous chaos spaces

We present a new method for the characterization of subspaces associated with low-dimensional quantities of interest (QoI). The probability density function of these QoI is found to be concentrated around one-dimensional subspaces for which we develop projection operators. Our approach builds on the properties of Gaussian Hilbert spaces and associated tensor product spaces.
Enhanced superradiance from a slab of resonant atoms sandwiched between two noble metal plates

Abstract I compute the Fabry–Perot plasmonic resonance eigenfrequencies for a system consisting of two noble metal parallel plates as function of the distance between the plates. Then, I show that the superradiance rate from an ensemble of two level-atoms placed between the two plates is enhanced when the atomic resonance frequency corresponds to one of the plasmonic resonance frequencies of the passive (cold) parallel-plates system of the same configuration.
Investigation of Parking Dwell Time at Rest Areas on Rural Highways

Highway rest areas provide several functions for travelers, including a chance to use the restroom, walk around, stop for a meal, sleep for a while, or pause to use a cellular phone. These activities directly influence dwell time, that is, the time that the traveler in a vehicle spends using a rest area. According to the activity performed at the rest area, the duration of dwell time varies from short to long. Existing information and guidance on parking dwell times at rest areas are generally outdated and are inconsistent among sources. A study was conducted by collecting and analyzing dwell time data from three rest areas in Montana: two located along Interstate highways and one located at the intersection of two state highways. The results showed that the mean dwell time at the three study sites ranged from 14 min 15 s to 23 min 20 s. When dwell times were examined by vehicle type, heavy vehicles had the greatest mean dwell time, followed by recreational vehicles and then cars. Examination of mean dwel...
Contamination of groundwater by outdoor highway deicing agent storage

Abstract This research quantifies the impact of outdoor highway deicing agent storage on groundwater quality. Data and theory realize the objective at a well characterized salt/premix storage facility on a glacial drumlin comprised of clayey sand till. Tritium and tritiogenic helium were observed in 17 monitoring wells in 2003, while chloride concentrations were measured in 43 monitoring wells from 1998 through 2004. The 3 He/ 3 H ratios confirm an analytical model of drumlin hydraulics (Ostendorf, D.W., DeGroot, D.J., Shelburne, W.M., and Mitchell, T.J., 2004. Hydraulic head in a clayey sand till over multiple timescales. Can. Geotech. J. 41, 89-105.), and support advective travel time estimates from the monitoring well screens back to the water table. An advective balance of recharge, precipitation, and surface runoff routes the water table Cl − concentrations inwards to the outdoor storage pile maintained at the site from the 1960s to the mid 1980s. Concentrations as high as 320 meq Cl − /L were observed in groundwater, although the deicing agent contamination had not yet reached the bottom of the drumlin in the study area. The travel time simulations yield a 200 meq Cl − /L water table isopleth in 1985 under the prior outdoor storage pile. The recharge concentration model matches the radial decrease of Cl − water table concentrations from the pile, and implies that 4400 kg of Cl − leached into the groundwater in 1985. This is about 0.3% of the deicing agent Cl − stored at the site each year. These results suggest that outdoor storage of highway deicing agents significantly impacted groundwater quality near the pile. The groundwater quality began to recover after source removal however: the leached Cl − flux dropped to 2,300 kg in 1992, more than 5 years after elimination of the outdoor storage pile.
Dynamic soft encoded patterns for facial event analysis

In this paper, we propose a new feature: dynamic soft encoded pattern (DSEP) for facial event analysis. We first develop similarity features to describe complicated variations of facial appearance, which take similarities between a haar-like feature in a given image and the corresponding ones in reference images as feature vector. The reference images are selected from the apex images of facial expressions, and the k-means clustering is applied to the references. We further perform a temporal clustering on the similarity features to produce several temporal patterns along the temporal domain, and then we map the similarity features into DSEP to describe the dynamics of facial expressions, as well as to handle the issue of time resolution. Finally, boosting-based classifier is designed based on DSEPs. Different from previous works, the proposed method makes no assumption on the time resolution. The effectiveness is demonstrated by extensive experiments on the Cohn-Kanade database.
Flow injection, chromatography and chemometrics: The future of analytical chemistry

Abstract Flow injection analysis, liquid chromatography, field flow fractionation and electrophoresis share the same methodology: flow transport of injected samples, hardware for solution handling and for the detection of analytes, and chemometrics concepts and software for deconvolution of accumulated data. Although these techniques exploit different physicochemical interactions for analyte separation and determination, they are akin and can therefore be viewed as methods of flow microanalysis [1,2].
Identification of binding domains on the superantigen, toxic shock syndrome-1, for class II MHC molecules.

Abstract Identification of Binding Domains on the Superantigen, Toxic Shock Syndrome-1, for Class II MHC Molecules
Factors influencing dwell fatigue life in notches of a powder metallurgy superalloy

Abstract The influences of heat treatment and cyclic dwells on the notch fatigue resistance of powder metallurgy disk superalloys were investigated for the LSHR disk superalloy. Disks were processed to produce material conditions with varied microstructures and associated mechanical properties. Notched specimens were subjected to fatigue cycles having a dwell at maximum load, as well as tensile, stress relaxation, creep rupture, and dwell fatigue crack growth tests at 704 °C. Two material conditions displayed a wide distribution of fatigue lives, with low lives reduced by two orders of magnitude, while others had more consistent fatigue lives. The occurrence of these very low lives was compared to other mechanical properties, in search of correlations. The low life failures for dwell fatigue life were correlated with material conditions giving highest ultimate tensile strengths and stress relaxation resistance. These results were analyzed by modeling relaxation of peak stresses in the notch with continued dwell fatigue cycling.
A theory of pulse propagation in anisotropic elastic solids

Abstract A theory is described for the propagation of pulses in anisotropic elastic media. The pulse is initially defined by a harmonically modulated Gaussian envelope. As it propagates the pulse remains Gaussian, its spatial form characterized by a complex-valued envelope tensor. The center of the pulse follows the ray path defined by the initial velocity direction of the pulse. Relatively simple expressions are presented for the evolution of the amplitude and phase of the pulse in terms of the wave velocity, the phase slowness and unit displacement vectors. The spreading of the pulse is characterized by a spreading matrix. Explicit equations are given for this matrix in a transversely isotropic material. The rate of spreading can vary considerably, depending upon the direction of propagation. New reflected and transmitted pulses are created when a pulse strikes an interface of material discontinuity. Relations are given for the new envelope tensors in terms of the incident pulse parameters. The theory provides a convenient method to describe the evolution and change of shape of an ultrasonic pulse as it traverses a piecewise homogeneous solid. Numerical simulations are presented for pulses in a strongly anisotropic fiber reinforced composite.
The effect of an elevated maternal lysine concentration on placental lysine transport in pregnant sheep

Abstract Objectives In a previous study, the coinfusion into the maternal circulation of lysine and several other amino acids failed to increase significantly lysine umbilical uptake. The purpose of this study was to determine whether umbilical lysine uptake can be increased by infusing a lysine solution that does not contain any other amino acid. Study design Six late-gestation ewes were studied on 2 consecutive days. Samples were collected in both the control (first day) and experimental (second day) periods simultaneously from the maternal artery, uterine vein, fetal artery, and umbilical vein. In the control period, L-[1- 13 C] lysine was infused into the maternal circulation. During the experimental period, both L-[1- 13 C] lysine and L- 12 C lysine were infused to increase maternal lysine concentration. Uterine and umbilical blood flows were measured by the steady state diffusion technique. Uterine and umbilical uptake of lysine and of α-aminoaminoadipic acid (AAD, a biproduct of lysine oxidation) were calculated. Results In response to a 2.7-fold increase in maternal lysine concentration ( P P P P 13 C-lysine–specific activity ratio increased from 0.221±0.026 to 0.294±0.029 ( P Conclusion This study establishes that the umbilical uptake of lysine can be increased by infusing lysine in the maternal circulation. However, the lysine infusion is associated with a decrease in the maternal concentration and umbilical uptake of other essential amino acids. These data, compared with the results of previous studies, indicate that attempts to increase the fetal uptake of an amino acid via maternal infusion may decrease the uptake of other amino acids by decreasing their maternal concentration and by inhibition of placental transport.
A triangular shear-flexible finite element for moderately thick laminated composite plates

Abstract An element of triangular shape is formulated by using independent descriptions of the total and flexural displacement components and strain energy written in terms of those components. Numerically exact integration is employed in the calculation of element stiffness matrix. The resulting finite element possesses eighteen degrees of freedom for the case of a symmetrically laminated plate. Numerical results are obtained for a wide range of meshes and thickness-to-span ratios, for isotropic, orthotropic and anisotropic plates, with different support and loading conditions. These are compared with available exact, series or finite element solutions. The derived element exhibits desirable convergence characteristics and validates the proposed approach for inclusion of transverse shear deformation.
Differential stimulation of mouse lymphoid cells by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen.

SummaryThe in vitro response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) of lymphoid cells from thymectomized, irradiated, bone marrow reconstituted (TIR) mice was compared to that of intact age controls. TIR spleens, lacking cells of the thymus-dependent compartment, responded only to pokeweed mitogen, whereas spleens from intact donors responded to both PHA and PWM. These results suggest that PHA stimulates thymus-dependent cells; whereas PWM stimulates cells of the non-thymus-dependent compartment.
Plakinidine D, a New Pyrroloacridine Alkaloid from Two Ascidians of the Genus Didemnum

A previously undescribed red Didemnum sp. collected in Indonesia contained a novel pyrroloacridine, plakinidine D (4), along with the known compounds 3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (5) and asci...
Isoproterenol-induced ADP-ribosylation of a single plasma membrane protein of cultured differentiated RL-PR-C hepatocytes

Abstract We present here what we believe to be the first report of the stimulation of NAD + -dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase activity by a hormone. Isoproterenol stimulated the ADP-ribosylation of RL-PR-C hepatocyte membranes in a concentration-dependent fashion; the effect was abolished by the β-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol. Although hepatocyte plasma membrane ADP-ribosyltransferase and adenylate cyclase activities differed in their sensitivity to isoproterenol, the kinetics of both effects were quite similar. PAGE separation of membrane proteins after ADP-ribosylation from [2,8- 3 H-adenine]NAD + identified the acceptor for isoproterenol-enhanced ADP-ribosylation as the same 55,000 dalton guanyl nucleotide regulatory protein serving for both endogenous and cholera toxin-stimulated processes in these cells.
The First Guadalupan Pastoral Manual: Luis Laso De La Vega's Huei Tlamahuiçoltica (1649)

Millions of devotees acclaim the Nahuatl-language Nican mopohua account of the apparitions of Our Lady of Guadalupe to Juan Diego as the foundational text of the Guadalupe tradition. A number of scholarly analyses have also examined the Nican mopohua as a prime source for that tradition. But no previous study has focused on a theological examination of Luis Laso de la Vega's Huei tlamahuicoltica (1649), in which the Nican mopohua was first published. Huei tlamahuicoltica is the premier Guadalupan pastoral manual and encompasses other important material, such as the Nican motecpana account of miracles attributed to Guadalupe's intercession, and the earliest published synopsis of Juan Diego's life posed as a model for Christian discipleship. This article explores Laso de la Vega's contributions and the ongoing significance of his treatise for the development of theological works and pastoral ministries centered on Guadalupe.
An Engineering Model of Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty. I.

Dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCM) is an emerging surgical procedure for heart failure in which the patient's latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle is wrapped around the heart and stimulated to contract in synchrony with the heartbeat as a cardiac assist measure. A 6 week training protocol of progressive electrical stimulation renders the normally fatigueable skeletal muscle fatigue-resistant and suitable for chronic stimulation. To date, over 500 procedures have been performed in worldwide clinical trials. Investigators typically report symptomatic improvement and modest hemodynamic improvement in patients. Controversy exists regarding the exact mechanism of DCM. To test the hypothesis that DCM augments cardiac stroke volume through improvement in systolic function, we formulated an engineering model of dynamic cardiomyoplasty to predict stroke volume. The heart and the LD were modeled as nested (series) elastance chambers, and the vasculature was represented by a two-element Windkessel model. Using five healthy goats, we verified model predictions of stroke volume for both stimulator ON beats (y=1.00x−0.08, r=0.87, p < 0.0001) and OFF beats (y=1.01x+1.06, r=0.91, p < 0.0001), where x and y are the measured and predicted stroke volumes, respectively. The model confirms that using untrained latissimus dorsi applied to the normal myocardium produces only moderate increases in stroke volume and suggests that future research should focus on increasing LD strength after training.
A multiple goal methodology for evaluating management information systems

Abstract The behavior and performance of an organization are intimately tied to the mode and effectiveness of its information processing function. While there is a rapidly expanding level of research concerned with the design, development, and implementation of management information systems (MIS), relatively few approaches to the evaluation and improvement of these systems have been suggested. The current paper develops a multiple goal methodology aimed at filling this gap by evaluating and, if necessary, subsequently modifying any given set of MIS design variables considered capable of enhancing a series of operational and, perhaps, conflicting goals. The methodology is based on a series of significant findings from the MIS design literature. In particular, the procedure incorporates the tripartite of decision type/decision-maker/MIS design into the evaluation process. The methodology is user-based, being flexible with respect to the definition of performance objectives, evaluation measures, design variables, and correction strategies. A brief example applies the methodology to the evaluation of an MIS within a health services organization.
The influence of prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to lead on behavior of preweanling mice

Binghamton Heterogeneous (HET) Stock mice received prenatal exposure to either water or a 0.5% lead acetate solution via their biological dam. At birth, litters were cross-fostered so that they were postnatally exposed to either water or lead via their foster dam. Early preweaning measures of square crossing and standups in an open field and time to return to home cage nest showed that the effects of lead on behavior depend on: the developmental stage(s) during which the individual is exposed to the toxin, as well as age and conditions when tested.
Nest colour as a factor in nest selection by female village weaverbirds

Abstract The village weaverbird ( Ploceus cucullatus ) breeds in colonies, and the male weaves the outer shell of the nest which he displays to visiting females. Females then select between nests of the different males, normally choosing fresh green nests. Old nests fade to a dull brown. Experiments are reported that indicate nest colour is not a major factor in the selection of nests, although females had a tendency to prefer fresh nests painted green over fresh nests painted brown ( z-test , P = 0·07). They did not differentiate between green-painted and unpainted nests, eliminating paint per se as a basis of choice. There was no significant difference in frequency of bouts of male display of green-painted and brown-painted fresh nests. Normally, males tear down a rejected nest as it turns brown and build a fresh nest in its place. Males tore down rejected brown-painted nests more than three times as often as they tore down green-painted nests, demonstrating an aversion to brown colour in nests.
Displacement Analysis of the Generalized Clemens Coupling, The R-R-S-R-R Spatial Linkage

The Clemens Coupling is a constant-velocity, universal-type joint for nonparallel intersecting shafts. This mechanism is a spatial linkage with five links connected by four revolute pairs, R , and one spherical pair (ball-and-socket joint), S , which is located symmetrically with respect to the input and output shafts. The Clemens Coupling is a special case of the R-R-S-R-R spatial linkage with general proportions, which will, therefore, be called the Generalized Clemens Coupling. This paper gives the algebraic derivation of the input-output equation for the general R-R-S-R-R linkage and demonstrates that it is a fourth-order polynomial in the half tangents of the crank angles. The effect of housing-error tolerances on the displacements of the Clemens Coupling has also been considered. The results demonstrate feasibility of closed-form solutions for five-link mechanisms with kinematic pairs having more than two degrees of freedom.
A role for integrin in the formation of sarcomeric cytoarchitecture

Abstract We propose that integrins help to coordinate the differentiation of the internal, sarcomeric cytoarchitecture of a muscle fiber with its immediate environment and are essential for correct integration of muscle cells into tissue. We found that integrin α PS2 β PS accumulated at contact regions of Drosophila embryo cells cultured in D-22 medium on Drosophila laminin. Myotubes formed, but subsequent addition of serum or fibronectin was needed for sarcomere formation: integrin and actin became concentrated at Z-bands; myosin and actin occurred between the Z-bands. This change falled to occur in the multinucleate myotubes derived from integrin β PS null myospheroid mutants. In normal embryos/early larvae, integrin was located at Z-bands and at muscle insertions. Myogenesis and Z-bands were defective in myospheroid embryos. Attachment, spreading, and growth of myoblasts and neurons on the laminin substrate utilized different binding proteins and were independent of integrin.
Kinetics of GeH3 reactions with NO, NO2, and O2

Abstract The reactions of GeH3 with O2, NO, and NO2 were studied via time-resolved infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy over the temperature range 232–468 K for O2 and NO, and 252–407 for NO2. The measured rate constants (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1) were kGeH3+O2 = (10−13.18±0.18 exp[(874±146)/T], kGeH3+NO = (10−13.3±0.49) exp[(736±345)/T], and kGeH3+NO2 = (10−11.42±0.16) exp[(276±122)/T]. These results are consistent with formation of a collision complex with little or no entrance channel barrier.
Impact of Subgrid-Scale Models on Jet Turbulence and Noise

Introduction V ISBAL and Rizzetta1 and Visbal et al.2 have recently performed large-eddy simulation (LES) calculations of turbulent channel flow and compressible isotropic turbulence decay without using any explicit subgrid-scale (SGS) model. In those simulations, spatial filtering was treated as an implicit SGS model. They also showed that use of an SGS model in those simulations did not produce results superior to those obtained without employing an SGS model. Bogey and Bailly3 also performed LES calculations for jet flows by using spatial filtering only. Moreover, they brought up the issue of the effects of the eddy–viscosity-based Smagorinsky SGS model on jet noise in yet another recent study.4,5 They showed that the high-frequency portion of the noise spectra was significantly suppressed by the eddy–viscosity. It is well understood that in turbulent flows the energy cascade is associated with a mean flux of energy that is directed from large scales toward small scales. The large scales contain the major part of the turbulent kinetic energy, and they continuously feed the turbulent kinetic energy via the cascade to the smallest eddies where it is dissipated. Because the grid resolution is too coarse to resolve all of the relevant length scales in an LES, the pile-up of energy at high wave numbers can be eliminated through the use of a spatial filter. Hence, the spatial filter can be thought of as an effective SGS model in an LES. In this study, we perform two jet simulations to study the impact of the SGS model on jet turbulence and far-field noise. The first simulation does not employ any explicit SGS model, but treats the spatial filter as an implicit SGS model. In the second simulation, we employ a localized version of the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM) (see Ref. 6) and keep all test case parameters the same as those in the first simulation. We examine the differences between the two simulations to quantify the effect of the SGS model on the near-field jet turbulence and the far-field noise. Although this study is similar to those done by Bogey and Bailly,4,5 our work additionally does a comparison of the two LES results with experimental jet noise spectra with the hope
Effects of bottom soil management practices on water quality improvement in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus ponds

Abstract The bottoms of four ponds on the Auburn University Fisheries Research Unit, Auburn, AL, were dried for 1 month and tilled with a roto-tiller (dry-till treatment). Four other ponds were dried and tilled, sodium nitrate (200 kg ha−1) was applied to oxidize bottom soil, and soils were tilled again to mix bottom soil with sodium nitrate (dry-till with sodium nitrate treatment). Four ponds were not subjected to bottom drying, tilling or sodium nitrate treatment (controls). Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerings were stocked at 15,000 ha−1. Selected water quality variables were measured at 1–2-week intervals during the growing season. Concentrations of most variables increased over time because feeding rates were progressively increased as fish grew. Compared to controls, both treatments had lower concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total ammonia nitrogen, total suspended solids and turbidity, and higher values of pH, Secchi disk visibility, total alkalinity, total hardness, and calcium hardness (P 0.05). Compared to the control, both treatments had lower concentration of chlorophyll a from June to July (P=0.004), but controls had lower concentrations of chlorophyll a from August to September than both treatments (P 0.05). The findings suggest that water quality improvement can be achieved by drying and tilling pond bottoms between crops. Applying sodium nitrate to dry, tilled pond bottoms did not increase the degree of water quality improvement.
Cancer Risk Assessment for the Inhalation of Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators Impacting Chicago

The emissions of two municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators impact the air quality of Chicago. The Northwest Waste-to-Energy Facility in Chicago is a mass burn MSW incinerator (site-erected, water wall, four furnaces, 1600 tpd capacity) which generates steam for industrial-commercial purposes. One of the furnaces is used as a maintenance/emergency backup which reduces the processing capacity to 1200 tpd. The plant presently processes less than 800 tpd and operates 24 hours/day, 7 days/week, and a minimum of 30 weeks/year. Air pollution control is by electrostatic precipitators (ESP). No changes in pollution control have been made since 1970 (Rood 1988; IDENR 1988; DSS 1992). Emissions from MSW combustors like the Northwest Facility with ESP control technology include particulates (with associated metals and organics), acid gases (SO 2 and HCI), NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, dioxins (PCDD) and furans (PCDF). The East Chicago Municipal Waste Incinerator in Indiana also impacts Chicago's air shed. This mass burn continuous feed incinerator commenced operation in 1971 and serves the East Chicago region. The incinerator consists of two refractory wall combustor units with a capacity of 250 tpd each and operates 24 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 48 weeks/year. It is estimated that this incinerator burns 59,800 tons of waste/year (Summerhays 1989; USEPA 1989). Air pollution control is by venturi scrubbers (spray chamber with a plate-type scrubbing tower). These scrubbers are assumed to be 80% efficient for particulates (USEPA 1987a). Particulates emission rates for these two incinerators and meteorological data were used to determine annual average air concentrations for four carcinogenic metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, and chromium VI) throughout the city of Chicago. These metal concentrations were used Send reprint requests to W. Hallenbeck at address above.
The local and global effects of African deforestation

[1] Using a global climate model (GCM), we simulate the effects of the total deforestation of equatorial Africa, looking specifically at the local and remote precipitation changes caused by such a land-use change. We observe a strong local effect, with a large reduction in African precipitation during the dry season, and little change during either of the two rainy seasons. The effects of African deforestation extend throughout the Tropics and also reach into the midlatitudes. The remote effect is caused by the African geopotential changes being spread beyond the deforested area by the large-scale winds.
Prevention of in vivo lung tumor growth by prolonged local delivery of hydroxycamptothecin using poly(ester-carbonate)-collagen composites.

Local tumor recurrence has a major impact on long-term patient survival following the surgical treatment of most cancers, and this is especially true with lung cancer. Consequently, methods to deliver chemotherapeutics locally at a lung tumor resection margin would be beneficial since: 1) systemic treatment approaches are ineffective or highly toxic; 2) the incidence of local recurrence does not warrant universal treatment of all patients with a highly morbid systemic therapy; and 3) surgical resection of recurrent disease is not an option and alternative rescue therapies are generally unsuccessful. To begin to meet this clinical need, we have prepared poly(glycerol monostearate-co-e-caprolactone) films as a controlled, prolonged, and low dose delivery matrix for the potent anticancer agent 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT). These drug-loaded films were applied to a collagen-based scaffold clinically indicated for the mechanical buttressing of lung tissue following surgical resection, resulting in a flexible composite that can be secured to the tissue that releases HCPT over seven weeks and thereby prevents the local growth and establishment of Lewis lung carcinoma tumors in vivo (a freedom of local tumor growth of 86%). In comparison, all animals treated with a larger intravenous dose of HCPT or unloaded composites developed rapid local tumors.
Behavior of doubly-fed induction generator under nearby wind plant fault

Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One of the main concerns by system operators is the ability of wind turbines to ride through faults without disconnecting from the grid according to FERC-661. This paper analyzes a three phase fault event on a wind plant modeled in EMTP and investigates the behavior of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) during grid fault conditions.
The Mechanism of Lactate Transport in Human Erythrocytes

Lactate accumulates in human erythrocytes stored at 4°C in the presence of glucose. Efflux of lactate exhibits an activation energy of 22 kcal/mole and is markedly stimulated with increasing medium pH. Lactate influx into erythrocytes that were depleted of intracellular lactate by incubation at 37° at pH 8.0 was stimulated by decreasing medium pH. Under appropriate conditions the pH-dependent lactate flux was insensitive to 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic stilbene or 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic stilbene, inhibitors of the inorganic anion channel, while, e.g., inorganic phosphate transport was fully sensitive. These experiments as well as measurements of H+ movements associated with lactate fluxes demonstrate that lactate transport takes place via a specific monocarboxylate transporter (distinct from the inorganic ion channel) by a H+-lactate symport mechanism.
Shirnkage and water retention characteristic in a fine-textured mollisol compacted under different axle loads

In areas where heavy vehicles are used, the subsoils often become very compacted. Freezing-thawing and wetting-drying have not been effective at reducing compaction. In this study, the type of soil shrinkage related to compaction was investigated to explain these amelioration failures. In conjunction with a shrinkage curve, the water retention characteristic was also measured because both can be related to compaction. Shrinkage and bulk density of undisturbed clods (about 200 cm3), as well as water retention of undisturbed cores, were measured to evaluate long-term compaction effects in two sets (better and poor tile drainage) of two axle-load treatments (9- and 18-Mg axle loads) relative to their control. Wet clods were sampled from the Ap (0 to 25 cm) and subsoil (30 to 45 cm) horizons of a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll) in the spring of 1991 without fragmentation after the soil had a full winter to swell following moldboard plowing in the fall. Clods were further saturated, coated with a film, then allowed to air-dry. Mass and volume were determined periodically for eight months to measure shrinkage. Maximum volume reduction (m3m−3) of clods in the Ap layer (0.232) during shrinkage was significantly greater than in the subsoil layer (0.152), but compaction effects were not significant in either layer. Dry bulk density of subsoil clods (1.77 Mg m−3) was significantly greater than in the Ap layer (1.68 Mg m−3), but no statistical differences were observed among compaction treatments. Maximum shirnkage was always <1 and averaged 0.61 in the subsoil compared to averaged 0.80 in the Ap layer, which indicates nearly all structural and residual shirnkage after immediate air entry during gravity drainage. The water retention characteristic of the original compacted and control treatments were still significantly different in the better drained subsoil but not in the more poorly drained subsoil, which showed that the 9-Mg axle load overall since 1987 has compacted the subsoil nearly as much under wet soil conditions as the 18-Mg axle load initially. These soil structural measurements explain the failure of natural forces to reduce bulk density of the compacted subsoil.
Buffering new information during reading

We report results from two subject‐paced reading experiments in which word‐reading times were collected using the moving‐window method. Word type, the amount of information at successive locations within sentences, and task were the independent variables, and word‐reading time was the dependent variable. Reading times increased with successive locations, as indexed by the cumulative number of new arguments per sentence. There was an interaction involving word type, such that reading times of content words increased more steeply than reading times of function words. Among content words, the increase was steeper for nouns than for verbs; and, among nouns, the increase was steeper for new nouns than for repeated nouns. The results are discussed in terms of buffer models of reading, the processing of different lexical classes, and hypotheses which predict serial position effects.
Glacier variations in the Sierra Nevada, California, as related to a 1200-year tree-ring chronology

Abstract A time-series of tree-ringwidth indices for alpine timberline foxtail pine ( Pinus balfouriana ) from the Sierra Nevada of California shows a growth response to summer, late fall, and early winter temperatures that is the inverse of that resulting in the expansion of alpine glaciers. These are correlated with lichen-dated moraines and avalanche deposits that accumulated during subsequent decades. Minima in the ringwidth record, reflecting marked temperature declines occurred at 810, 1470, 1610, 1700 and 1810. Cold periods of lesser extent are also indicated between 1190 to 1400 and suggest that the initial pulses of the Sierran Matthes advances may have begun as early as 1190, or 150 yr earlier than previously dated. The Matthes advances were preceded by a period of pronounced warmth from 900 to 1190 during which timberline rose 10 m to its present elevation. A warm period is also indicated between 1500 and 1580. Recent work extending the tree-ring chronology to 3031 yr B.P. and radiocarbon dating of weathered samples to 6300 yr B.P. suggests that the chronology may ultimately be applicable to the dating of earlier Sierran glacier advances.
Mechanical properties and material characteristics of orthopaedic casting material

SummaryIn this study, two types of orthopaedic casting materials were evaluated: the Johnson & Johnson Specialist plaster bandage and the 3M Scotch-cast Plus fiber glass bandage. The materials were evaluated using tensile tests to determine the elastic modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile s
Abstract 2345: Identification of epithelial stromal interaction 1 as a novel target of KLF8

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Epithelial stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) is a recently identified novel gene with two splicing variants that is highly upregulated in breast cancer cells when co-cultured with the stromal fibroblasts and in invasive breast carcinomas as compared with normal breast biopsies. The regulation and function of EPSTI1 are largely unknown. Interestingly, our microarray studies showed that EPSTI1 is one of the most upregulated genes in MCF-10A cells expressing ectopic Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8), a transcriptional factor is highly over-expressed in breast cancer and critical for cell cycle progression, oncogenic transformation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic progression of breast cancer. Real time qRT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated that EPSTI1 mRNA and protein levels are upregulated in a panel of invasive breast cancer cell lines that are known for aberrant overexpression of KLF8 as compared to noninvasive cell lines. Promoter reporter analysis indicated that KLF8 may activate EPSTI1 gene promoter. These results identified EPSTI1 as a novel target of KLF8 and suggest that EPSTI1 may play an important role for KLF8 signaling in the regulation of breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2345
Molecular strong field ionization and high harmonic generation: A selection of computational illustrations

Abstract Strong field ionization (SFI) and high harmonic generation (HHG) are the central processes that enable attosecond physics. To date, most theoretical investigations of SFI and HHG rely on semiclassical methods, most notably the strong field approximation (SFA), which treats the continuum states of the liberated electron as plane waves. SFA is a very successful conceptual model for atoms and small molecules, and leads to an intuitively satisfying picture of HHG (i.e. the three-step model). However, as SFI and HHG experiments enter the regime of polyatomic molecules, many approximations made in SFA-type models can no longer be ignored even for a qualitatively correct understanding. In this contribution, we present a selection of results from our efforts toward ab initio modeling of strong field processes in molecular systems. The method is applicable to single-electron ionization and HHG of gas-phase polyatomic molecular targets.
Tasty bits a Dutch treat.

Suggested citation for this article: Potter P. Tasty bits a Dutch treat. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2010 Jan [date cited]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/1/178.htm
Influence of the adenohypophysis on the frog water-balance response.

IN THE intact frog the injection of posterior pituitary extract causes a marked increase in the rate of water uptake. This water-balance response is the result of an increase in the permeability of the skin to water and is produced by the oxytocic fraction. Adenohypophyseal function appears to be necessary for a normal water-balance response. Jones and Steggerda (1935) reported a complete loss of the response in frogs hypophysectomized more than one week. Chen et al. (1943) noted that the response declines to 25 per cent of normal ten days after removal of the adenohypophysis but does not disappear completely. This paper concerns the changes in water balance that occur in the frog following hypophysectomy. Alterations in permeability of the skin as well as in the response to pitocin have been observed. The response has also been restored to normal by means of appropriate hormone replacement in the hypophysectomized frog.
Magnetic Damping of the Angular Motions of Earth Satellites

1 Kerrebrock, J. L. and Meghreblian, R. V., "An Analysis of Vortex Tubes for Combined Gas-Phase Fission Heating and Separation of the Fissionable Material," ORNL CF-57-11-3, revision 1, April 11, 1958. 2 Kerrebrock, J. L. and LaFyatis, P. G., "Analytical Study of Some Aspects of Vortex Tubes for Gas-Phase Fission Heating," ORNL CF-587-4, July 1958. 3 Kerrebrock, J. L. and Keyes, J. J., Jr., "A Preliminary Experimental Study of Vortex Tubes for Gas-Phase Fission Heating," ORNL-2660, February 1959. 4 Keyes, J. J., Jr. and Dial, R. E., "An Experimental Study of Vortex Flow for Application to Gas-Phase Fission Heating, O'RNL-2837, April 1960. 5 Keyes, J. J., Jr., Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute, Stanford Univ. Press, 1960, pp. 31-46. 6 Ragsdale, R. G., "NASA Research on the Hydrodynamics of the Gaseous Vortex Reactor," NASA-TN-D-288, June 1960. 7 Einstein, H. A. and Li, H., Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute, Stanford Univ. Press, 1951, pp. 33-43. 8 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Research Summary no. 36-3, vol. 1, part 2, June 1960. 9 Pengelley, C. D., "Flow in a Viscous Vortex," J. of Appl. Fhys., vol. 28, no. 1, January 1957, p. 86. 10 Schoenherr, K. E., Trans, of the Soc. of Aaval Architects and Marine Engineers. Vol. 40, 1932, pp. 279-313.
The inverse modeling problem

In simulation modeling of very large-scale systems, such as social and natural systems, reductions in scale must be so severe that state variables of the abstraction (model) often cannot be translated back to variables that have real-world significance. Model behavior may not much resemble anything that occurs naturally.If y is a real system and x a model of it, the two can be viewed as related by a set of homomorphic corres pondences M. Then, xMy means x "is a model of" y. Behavior of x pertains to that of y only as M is a valid model, and the relationship is implicit in an inverse model M-1, defined from the fact that xMy implies yM-1x (y "is modeled by" x). To make it explicit, that is to interpret model behavior in terms of real-world variables, means in some sense to be able to identify M-1. One approach to estimating it is suggested, but a definite solution is not reached.
The Use of Goal Setting by Physicians in the Treatment of Diabetes

Although physicians commonly report that they use goals in introducing diabetic regimens, little is known about exactly which aspects of established goal-setting techniques are used. This exploratory study sought to ascertain if and how medical doctors employ goal setting in presenting regimens to their patients. Six physicians (second-year metabolism fellows or endocrinologists) were asked to describe their treatment of a "typical" diabetic patient. The responses were analyzed for use of the elements of systematic goal setting. The results indicated that while the physicians had target outcomes in mind they made little use of the key elements of established goal-setting techniques.
Synthesis and Spectroscopy of Nanoparticles

A lattice period of crystalline inorganic solids lies typically in the range 0.5–1.0 nm. The processes involved in the electron subsystem of solids determine their optical and other characteristics. The quantum dimensional effects are caused, when even one of the geometrical sizes of solids becomes commensurable with the de Broglie wavelength of an electron, a hole or an exciton. In this case the spatial confinement of these waves in solids takes place. For instance, in CdSe crystal at room temperature, de Broglie wavelengths are equal 5.3, 4.35 and 1.25 nm for an exciton, an electron and a hole accordingly. As we see, the lengths of de Broglie waves for particles in crystals lay in a nanometers range. Therefore, the objects, for which quantum dimensional effects are typical, should have sizes of the nanometers order. In this connection, about such objects they usually speak as about nanostructures or nanomaterials. The electron confinement results in size-dependent absorption spectra, emission spectra and transition probabilities in solids. In recent years, in view of the prospects of practical applications, increasing attention is paid to the development of methods for synthesizing nanostructures and studying their physicochemical properties.
What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature

Professional historians can be an argumentative lot, but by the dawn of the twenty-first century, a broad consensus regarding Civil War causation clearly reigned. Few mainstream scholars would deny that Abraham Lincoln got it right in his second inaugural address—that slavery was “somehow” the cause of the war. Public statements by preeminent historians reaffirmed that slavery’s centrality had been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Writing for the popular Civil War magazine North and South in November 2000, James M. McPherson pointed out that during the war, “few people in either North or South would have dissented” from Lincoln’s slavery-oriented account of the war’s origins. In ten remarkably efficient pages, McPherson dismantled arguments that the war was fought over tariffs, states’ rights, or the abstract principle of secession. That same year, Charles Joyner penned a report on Civil War causation for release at a Columbia, South Carolina, press conference at the peak of the Palmetto State’s Confederate flag debate. Endorsed by dozens of scholars and later published in Callaloo, it concluded that the “historical record . . . clearly shows that the cause for which the South seceded and fought a devastating war was slavery.”
Handicapped Student Performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test

Handicapped students' scores on timed and untimed editions of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) were studied in order to learn of the effects of extra time on test performance. Of the approximately 1800 students studied, 79 percent were learning disabled. Handicapped students' performance improved with extended time, the increase being greater than that for non-handicapped students tested with extra time. The average gains over scores earned in a timed administration were generally between 30 to 38 points on the SAT after growth in student ability, practice effects, and errors of measurement were taken into account. About one in seven gained over 100 points; between 3 to 7 percent decreased by at least 50 points. Score gains increased as time spent on the test increased, suggesting that the additional time was needed to reduce the effects of the examinee's impairment.
Optical Nondestructive Evaluation for Structures

This paper presents a new technique for evaluation of engineering structures, using optical measurement and probabilistic advancing cross-diagnosis. Its application is first computer-simulated, and then it is tested in the laboratory. With the cooperation of the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, a recently developed coherent laser radar system was used to measure structural deformation. The data are treated to reduce noise and used to derive multiple features for reliable diagnosis. Both the simulation and laboratory test results show consistent effectiveness of the proposed technique, indicating a promising direction of nondestructive evaluation combining optical and computer technology.