cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial Characterization of Cell-Surface Protein Coded for by Human Chromosome 7

An antigen reactive with antisera to a human chromosome 7-coded cell-surface antigen can be extracted from human cells with the nonionic detergent NP-40. Immune complexes of radiolabeled cell extracts analyzed on SDS polyacrylamide gels showed a single protein with an apparent M.W. of approximately 165,000. This protein was immunoprecipitated from extracts of hybrid cells containing chromosome 7 and human cell extracts, but not from mouse cell extracts or from extracts of a hybrid clone without human chromosome 7. The data presented here indicate that the protein identified on the gels is a cell-surface glycoprotein coded for by human chromosome 7.
A taxonomy of internet traceback

Tracing back an anonymous hacker in the internet has been very hard to accomplish mainly due to the complexity of the internet and the lack of any deployed technology targeting this goal. In this paper, we introduce the most prominent research work done in the area of traceback. The traceback problem could be separated into IP traceback, traceback across stepping stones and worm traceback.
Radial magnetic compression in the expelled jet of a plasma deflagration accelerator

A spectroscopic study of a pulsed plasma deflagration accelerator is carried out that confirms the existence of a strong compression in the emerging jet at the exit plane of the device. An imaging spectrometer is used to collect broadened Hα emission from a transaxial slice of the emerging jet at high spatial resolution, and the radial plasma density profile is computed from Voigt fits of the Abel inverted emissivity profiles. The plasma temperature, determined via Doppler broadening of impurity line emission, is compared against the temperature predictions of a radial magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium model applied to the measured density profiles. Empirical scaling laws developed for the plasma density, combined with the measured and predicted temperatures, indicate that a radially equilibrated Z-pinch is formed within the expelled plasma jet at the exit plane during the deflagration process.
Will Automation Improve Transitions of Care

On July 1, 2011, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education implemented new limits on resident duty hour restrictions to address concerns about patient safety. Extensive scientific data demonstrated decreased performance in fatigued individuals, with shifts exceeding 12 to 16 consecutive hours deemed unsafe.1 In the aftermath of the new limits on continuous duty for first-year residents, their effect on patient safety and resident satisfaction is largely unknown, and early evidence suggests no improvement.2 A systematic review by Ahmed et al3 of 135 articles evaluating the impact of the duty hour limits on patient mortality demonstrated no overall improvement in patient outcomes. Some studies included in the review suggest increased complication rates in high-acuity patients. In addition to questionable safety improvements, research has found negative performance on certification examinations.3 The limits on continuous duty for first-year residents have resulted in a larger number of transitions of care,4 commonly known as handoffs. Critical information may be lost in this transition, with a negative effect on patient care. Important factors in effective handoffs include face-to-face communication, opportunities to ask questions, private handoff locations, accompanying written documentation, nondistracting environments, and minimization of interruptions.5 An accurate, concise document containing a synopsis of the patient, along with pertinent results, tasks, and conditional action statements, is a vital tool to increase the effectiveness of these transitions of care. Creating such a document requires daily updating and revision, which can be challenging given time constraints. To our knowledge, errors and discrepancies in electronic health record data related to handoff documentation have not been well studied to date. We propose the use of a system to automatically populate data in handoff (or sign-out) documents. The benefits will be (1) standardization of this information, and (2) reduction of discrepancies between the handoff document and the electronic health record. Errors in handoff documents have the potential to impact patient safety, as clinical decisions are often made on the basis of the medications or laboratory values in these documents. This approach will need to be studied to assess its effectiveness in decreasing patient risk associated with handoffs in teaching settings, and in other clinical situations.
A cDNA cloned from pregnant mouse uterus exhibits temporo-spatial expression and predicts a novel protein

A cDNA was cloned from a pregnant mouse uterus cDNA library. On conceptual translation, the cDNA has one long open reading frame that predicts a novel protein of 606 amino acids. This protein is principally composed of two CUB domains and a ZP domain; motifs found in proteins implicated in egg-sperm recognition. Probes derived from the cDNA were used to conduct Northern hybridizations. The expression of this mRNA is temporal; message first appears in the uterus 6 days prior to birth, it increases each subsequent day to attain maximal levels at 3 days prior to birth and then abruptly decreases during the last 3 days of pregnancy. The expression of this mRNA is restricted; message is abundant in the uterus during late pregnancy, but it is not found in non-pregnant uterus or in a variety of adult or fetal tissues. The temporo-spatial expression of this pregnant uterus specific mRNA and the consolidation in the predicted protein of two motifs implicated in early pregnancy events suggests that the product of the gene represented by this mRNA may play an important role in events that transpire during late pregnancy.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in pediatric vitreoretinopathies in Saudi Arabia.

Dear editor I congratulate the authors on their retrospective study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients (mostly children) diagnosed with Stickler syndrome in Saudi Arabia.1 However, I would like to point out that this work would more appropriately be considered a retrospective study of vitreoretinopathies in general rather than of Stickler syndrome specifically because a percentage of cases were likely recessive vitreoretinopathies. In my experience, children in Saudi Arabia with pediatric retinal detachment and high myopia are often labeled as having Stickler syndrome while in fact recessive vitreoretinopathies such as Knobloch syndrome2 or LRPAP1-related high myopia3 comprise a significant percentage of cases. In addition, even when a child from Saudi Arabia truly has Stickler syndrome, it is typically a special recessive form of vitreoretinopathy from a biallelic collagen gene mutation rather than the classic autosomal dominant Stickler syndrome that is recognized worldwide and is due to a heterozygous COL2A1 mutation (unpublished data, 2004–2015).
Flourishing through leisure and the upward spiral theory of lifestyle change.

This article explores the strengths approach in therapeutic recreation practice, as articulated through the Flourishing through Leisure Model: An Ecological Extension of the Leisure and Well-Being Model (Anderson & Heyne, 2012a, 2012b), and examines the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change (Fredrickson, 2015) as an explanatory framework for why and how leisure can drive sustained positive lifestyle change. Overviews are provided of the strengths approach and the Flourishing through Leisure Model, emphasizing the central role leisure plays in strengths-based therapeutic recreation practice. The broaden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 2013b) is explained as it is the basis for the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change. The Upward Spiral theory is described in detail in the contexts of the neuroscience of enjoyment, passion (obsessive and harmonious), and prioritizing positivity. Practical applications of the Upward Spiral Theory of Lifestyle Change to strengths-based therapeutic recreation practice are drawn, as well as recommendations for future research.
Global Electric Fields Measured in the Stratosphere

In August, 1969, a total of 24 electric field detectors were flown in four separate balloon launches from six Canadian sites; with each of the balloons in a group simultaneously returning data for up to one day. The high impedance vector electric field sensors consisted of two horizontal and one vertical pair of orthogonal dipole probes. The payload rotated every 25 seconds so that redundancy in the horizontal measurement was obtained.
The Influence of Physical Therapy Guideline Adherence on Healthcare Utilization and Costs among Patients with Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is common and associated healthcare costs are significant. While clinical practice guidelines have been established in an attempt to reduce costs and healthcare utilization, it is unclear if adherence to physical therapy guidelines for those with LBP is efficacious. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess current evidence and evaluate the impact of physical therapy guideline adherence on subsequent healthcare costs and utilization for patients with LBP.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Drive Cardiac Stem Cell Chemotaxis, Proliferation, and Phenotype via CXCR4 and cKit Signaling.

Heart failure remains one of the greatest human health threats, accounting for nearly one third of all deaths within the United States and with global penetrance.1 Ischemic cardiomyopathy is a major contributor to heart failure (HF) with massive numbers of cardiomyocytes lost as a result of myocardial infarction. Post myocardial infarction, ongoing apoptosis is a significant contributor to heart failure progression regardless of pathogenesis, exacerbating the loss of viable myocardium. With the discovery that cardiac regeneration can occur, cell therapy emerged as a novel and safe approach to cardiac repair and regeneration. Article, see p 921 Historically, cardiac regeneration research has focused on delivering stem cells of mesenchymal and hematopoietic origin to the heart. Myocardial residence times of delivered cells have been shown to be discouragingly short, casting doubt on their regenerative potential in the heart. Excitement levels remain high because (1) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express beneficial paracrine factors, (2) resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have cardiomyogenic potential,2 (3)endogenous cKit+ resident CSCs have multiple lineage potential, (4) MSC or CSC delivery to the failing heart results in improved cardiac function, angiogenesis, and detection of CSCs with cardiomyocyte phenotypes,3 (5) MSCs communicate with …
Analyze D2O Losses from the D2O loaded AgZ provided in FY15 By ORNL

This milestone is focused on utilizing NMR and various gas chromatograph set ups (thermal conductivity and/ionizing detection) at SNL, to analyze the relative ratio of water and deuterated water in Ag-MOR samples of natural zeolite sent to SNL in FY15 by ORNL.
3D-EBP: A programmable 3D bionanoreceptor assembly

This paper presents a novel biofabrication technology utilizing electro wetting principles for localized 3-D functionalization of Tobacco mosaic viruses (TMVs) onto structurally hydrophobic micropillar arrays μPAs). A custom-built 3-D electro-bioprinting (3D-EBP) system enables exquisite control over positioning and wetting of TMV solution onto the water repellent 3-D substrate. The 3D-EBP is evaluated using SEM and fluorescent labeling for characterization of TMV's nanostructured morphology and their biochemical activities, respectively. A complete yet localized assembly of TMVs on μPAs is confirmed in SEM. The increased density of TMVs per device foot-print (vs. TMVs on planar substrate) results in a significant 7-fold increase in fluorescence intensity attributed to the μPAs. On a single μPA substrate (7×7 mm2), 3D-EBP of 3×3 hierarchical TMV arrays is demonstrated to emphasize the unique 3D patterning capability. Overall, the results confirm successful application of electrowetting principles for creating highly functional device components spanning the micro/nano/bio domains.
Pick interpolation, Von Neumann inequalities, and hyperconvex sets

In 1916 Georg Pick started the study of interpolation by bounded analytic functions in the unit disk. In 1951 John Von Neumann proved an inequality for contractions on a Hilbert space. These two subjects are in fact closely connected, as was shown by Donald Sarason in 1967. We continue the study of this relationship, from the point of view of representations of uniform algebras by operators on a Hilbert space. Our work leads us to define and investigate certain convex bodies in Cn which we call hyperconvex sets.
Tuning phase and aging of DNA hydrogels through molecular design

The programmable, sequence-dependent hybridization of DNA has spurred the development of DNA hydrogels, polymer networks that swell in water and are comprised either entirely or partially of DNA. Specific applications require hydrogels of particular structure for optimal functionality. Here, we use self-assembling, multi-valent DNA nanostars to examine how hydrogel structure is influenced by the non-equilibrium dynamics of its interacting components. We show that hydrogel aging kinetics - from an arrested, solid-like percolated network to an equilibrium, phase-separated liquid analogous to coacervates - are modulated by DNA hybridization strength and ion-specific nanostar internal flexibility. Together, our results demonstrate strategies to control hydrogel kinetic phenomena, and thus the hydrogel structure, through the rational design of gel-forming elements and solvent conditions.
A personal knowledge advantage machine for knowledge workers in data-intensive domains

With the ever-increasing amount of data and associated knowledge required to perform many modern-day tasks, quickly finding context-sensitive information can contribute to significant gains in knowledge worker productivity. Here, we describe the design and construction of a system, called a Personal Knowledge Advantage Machine (pKaM), to assist users while they perform knowledge based tasks. In this paper, we illustrate this idea by using the computer programming domain, which undoubtedly is a knowledge-intensive task, as an example. We first describe the architecture of a pKaM followed by a description of how it may be used by a programmer new to the Python language. The pKaM system may be viewed as a collection of agents that discover, mark-up, organize, display and present contextually relevant pieces of knowledge to the worker during the entire life-cycle of the task. The design of pKaM emphasizes the use of the plug-and-play approach so that it can be adapted to any domain by merely plugging-in a new domain knowledge base. As this idea gains currency, it is our hope that open-source knowledge bases organized along the lines described here will become available for many domains.
Quality Analysis and Monitoring Strategy Research for Web Service in the Internet

For the accurate analysis of the quality of Web services on the Internet, this paper analyzes 2,383 Web services with the accessible attributes. We propose a feature of quality change of these Web services. The paper intends to illustrate a Web service monitoring strategy which classifies the Web service into different categories based on the different providers. The strategy can be used both in the process of Web service monitor and the Web service selection. At last, a diversity of the Web services are collected and tested through an experimental platform named Neuddi*.
The development of strategies for nanoparticle synthesis: Considerations for deepening understanding of inherently complex systems

Abstract The last fifty years of solid-state chemistry have produced a wealth of compounds with complex structures, exciting properties, and from those discoveries, an explosion of new technologies. We continue to strive to understand structure-property relationships as well as develop expedient methods to discover and control new materials. Nanoparticle synthesis is one area of synthetic solid-state chemistry that is currently experiencing a significant growth of deepening understanding and increasing sophistication. Herein, we review examples from the literature where insight about a synthesis can be built from to catalyze new discoveries. The focus is on synthetic reports of nanoparticles of increasing complexity.
Neurobehavioral effects of chronic low-dose risperidone administration in juvenile male rats.

Abstract Despite substantial increases in the use of antipsychotics to treat various psychiatric conditions in children, there is a lack of literature regarding long-term effects of early treatment. Some studies have indicated that early administration results in differential alterations to neurotransmission systems, but few studies have investigated whether there are long-term behavioral modifications. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the neurobehavioral effects of low dose risperidone (a commonly prescribed antipsychotic) treatment using juvenile rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were either subcutaneously implanted with a continuous release risperidone pellet (.04 mg/day) or a placebo pellet. To encompass the peri-adolescent to adolescent timeframe (postnatal day 40–70) thought to be important for brain development, male rats began risperidone treatment at post-natal day 35. Six weeks following commencement of risperidone treatment, all rats were tested on a battery of behavioral assessments including open field, object recognition, Morris Water Maze , and Y-Maze tasks. Risperidone treatment did not affect performance on the open field, object recognition, or Morris Water maze. A significant effect was found on the Y-maze. Although all rats exhibited normal spontaneous alternation, risperidone treated rats demonstrated significantly higher same arm returns, indicative of a working memory deficit. Continued research is needed to determine whether early exposure to risperidone may lead to differences in working memory at longer time-points. These results seem to indicate that early low dose risperidone treatment during the peri-adolescent and adolescent period does not severely impair behavior.
Upfront autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation consolidation for patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas in first remission in the rituximab era: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background The outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with adverse clinical prognostic factors such as a high age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI) are not optimal. In the current study, the authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the totality of evidence pertaining to the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT) consolidation for patients with DLBCL in first remission. Methods The authors searched the Cochrane and MEDLINE/PubMed databases through December 1, 2018, for studies comparing conventional chemotherapy with rituximab (R-chemo) versus R-chemo and auto-HCT. Two authors independently reviewed all references for study inclusion and extracted data related to benefits (overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rates) and harms (treatment-related mortality and adverse events). Results Four studies (1173 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the current analysis. The median duration of follow-up ranged from 42 to 76 months. There was no difference noted with regard to the overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.74-1.37), progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.04), or response rates (risk ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.92-1.04) between patients who received R-chemo and auto-HCT and those who received R-chemo alone. The risk of mortality and therapy failure was not found to be different when the analysis was limited to high aaIPI between the 2 groups. Although there was no difference noted with regard to the risk of treatment-related mortality, there was a significantly higher incidence of CTCAE grade 3 or 4 adverse events in patients who received R-chemo and auto-HCT compared with patients treated with R-chemo alone. Conclusions The findings from what to the authors' knowledge is the first meta-analysis performed in the rituximab era demonstrated no beneficial effect of upfront auto-HCT consolidation in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including high-risk clinical groups (high aaIPI).
Research on Fault Diagnosis Model of Rotating Machinery Vibration Based on Information Entropy and Improved SVM

Based on the concept of information entropy, this paper analyzes typical nonlinear vibration fault signals of steam turbine based on spectrum, wavelet and HHT theory methods, and extracts wavelet energy spectrum entropy, IMF energy spectrum entropy, time domain singular value entropy and frequency domain power spectrum entropy as faults. The feature is supported by a support vector machine (SVM) as a learning platform. The research results show that the fusion information entropy describes the vibration fault more comprehensively, and the support vector machine fault diagnosis model can achieve higher diagnostic accuracy.
Executive Function and Trajectories of Emotion Dysregulation in Children with Parent-Reported Behavior Problems

The current study examined whether a variety of dimensions of executive function predicted trajectories of emotion dysregulation among preschool children with behavior problems. This study focused on 199 3-year-old children with parent-reported behavior problems who took part in a larger longitudinal study. Results revealed that response inhibition and working memory were not predictive of later emotion dysregulation. Gender differences emerged for delay aversion and attentional control. Boys who performed better on delay aversion tasks exhibited lower emotion dysregulation related to threat 2 years later, whereas girls who performed better on delay aversion tasks exhibited higher threat-related emotion dysregulation 2 years later. Better performance on a visual attention task significantly predicted decreasing threat-related emotion dysregulation slopes for boys but not for girls. Finally, girls who made more omission errors on a continuous performance task exhibited higher emotion dysregulation related to frustrative-nonreward 2 years later. Results suggest that specific facets of executive function may play an important role in difficulties with emotion dysregulation during the preschool years and that this pattern may differ across boys and girls.
Optical transitions for impurities in Ga 2 O 3 as determined by photo-induced electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Impurities such as Fe and Mg are intentionally incorporated into Ga2O3 to control the intrinsic n-type conductivity. This work examines the defect level of the intentional and unintentional impurities in β-Ga2O3 substrates grown for electronic applications. First, several dominant impurities, Fe3+, Mg0, and Ir4+, are identified using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Then, by illuminating the crystals with selected wavelengths between 1500 and 300 nm, the photothreshold for excitation or quenching of each impurity is examined. Defect levels are estimated from the photothreshold after considering interdefect transitions and lattice relaxation. Thresholds for Ir4+ (2.0–2.3 eV) and Fe3+ (1.2–1.5 eV) support the reported values of the Ir3+/4+ and Fe2+/3+ defect levels, but the photothreshold of 1.6–1.9 eV observed for the quenching of neutral Mg requires further consideration.
The well-trodden path: Complementing market and entrepreneurial orientation with a strategic emphasis to influence IPO survival in the United States

Abstract Although initial public offering (IPO) survival is a well-studied phenomenon, the combinations of organizational orientations and strategic emphases that lower the odds of IPO failure (i.e., delisting within five years from IPO) remain less studied. Due to the resource-intensive nature of these orientations and the limits of managerial attention, committing to an orientation and a conducive strategic emphasis may be important to IPO survival. We ask whether post-IPO firms relying on market orientation (MO) and strategic emphasis on advertising have higher odds of survival than those relying on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and strategic emphasis on research and development (R&D). In a sample of U.S. IPOs, we find that MO significantly improves the odds of IPO survival and greater strategic emphasis on value appropriation (advertising) further improves the odds of IPO survival. However, greater strategic emphasis on value creation (R&D) and EO have no influence on IPO survival.
Relative adrenal insufficiency is a risk factor and an endotype of sepsis - A proof of concept study to support a precision medicine approach for glucocorticoid sepsis therapy

Rational: 25−60% of septic patients experience relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) and glucocorticoid (GC) is frequently used in septic patients. However, the efficacy of GC therapy and whether the GC therapy should be based on the status of RAI are highly controversial. Critical barriers include technical limitations in properly identifying RAI in septic patients and a lack of RAI animal model. Objectives: We established a new RAI animal model to test our hypothesis that precision medicine approach should be used for GC sepsis therapy − only applying GC to a subgroup of septic mice with RAI. Methods: We generated SF1CreSR-BIfl/fl conditional knockout mice. The mice exhibited specific depletion of SR-BI expression in adrenal gland, resulting in a lack of production of inducible GC in response to ACTH stimulation or sepsis, but the mice had normal basal GC levels. Mice were treated with cecal ligation and puncture to develop sepsis. Mice were also supplemented with or without GC to study the effect of GC in sepsis therapy. Plasma and organs were collected for biochemical assays. BODIPY FL-conjugated Escherichia coli was used for phagocytosis assay. Macrophages were used to study effects of GC on inflammatory responses. Measurements and Main Results: Using SF1CreSR-BIfl/fl mice as a RAI model, we found that mice with RAI were susceptible to CLP-induced sepsis compared to controls (6.7% survival in SF1CreSR-BIfl/fl mice versus 86.4% in SR-BIfl/fl mice; p=0.0001). Supplementation of hydrocortisone significantly improved survival in CLP-treated SF1CreSR-BIfl/fl mice. Surprisingly, wild type mice receiving GC treatment exhibited significantly less survival compared to wild type mice without GC treatment. We further found that, in contrast to wild type mice which displayed a well-controlled systemic inflammatory response, the mice with RAI featured a persisted systemic response as shown by high levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines/chemokines 20 hours post CLP, and supplementation of GC kept the inflammatory response under control. In vitro analysis revealed that stress level of GC is required to suppress inflammatory response through modulating MAPK signaling in macrophages. Conclusions: We demonstrate that RAI is a risk factor and an endotype for sepsis, and GC treatment benefits mice with RAI but harms mice without RAI. We further demonstrate that inducible GC functions to keep the systemic inflammatory response under control through modulating MAPK signaling, but mice with RAI lose such protection and supplementation of GC regains the protection. Our study provides a proof of concept to support the use of a precision medicine approach for sepsis therapy − selectively applying GC therapy for a subgroup of patients with RAI.
Fatigue behavior of additive manufactured 316L stainless steel under axial versus rotating-bending loading: Synergistic effects of stress gradient, surface roughness, and volumetric defects

Abstract In this study, the stress gradient effects on the fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel (SS) specimens fabricated using two different laser beam-powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) processes were investigated, with an emphasis on the surface roughness and volumetric defects. The fatigue behavior of LB-PBF 316L SS largely depended on the applied stress amplitude. Under higher stress amplitudes, rotating-bending specimens generally exhibited better fatigue resistance as compared to the axial specimens subjected to the same nominal stresses. At lower stress amplitudes, the surface roughness and/or volumetric defects became more significant life-limiting factors for LB-PBF 316L SS.
Do males that experience weapon damage have greater reproductive potential than intact males in polygynous scenarios

Males with damaged weapons often lose intraspecific contests; however, recent research suggests these males may use post-copulatory means to mitigate reduced reproduction. When intraspecific competition is absent, can weapon-damaged males produce more offspring in multi-mating scenarios relative to intact males? We examined the reproductive potential of weapon-damaged males in Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae), a species that exhibits resource defense polygyny and is known to increase testes size when developmental weapon damage occurs. We induced weapon damage during development. Upon sexual maturation, we provided intact and weapon-damaged males with access to four unmated females successively and without any competitors. The mating partners of weapon-damaged males were more likely to have their eggs hatch. Furthermore, weapon-damaged males produced more offspring, though only with larger females. These results suggest that weapon-damaged males have enhanced fertilization outcomes, potentially minimizing reproductive costs of weapon damage. Weapon damage is common in nature and can reduce pre-copulatory success. However, few studies have examined the reproductive consequences of weapon damage. We tested the hypothesis that weapon-damaged males can compensate for a pre-copulatory disadvantage through increased investment in traits that improve post-copulatory fertilization success. To examine the reproductive potential of weapon-damaged males, we provided males with four females in succession, then measured reproductive outcomes. We found that mating partners of weapon-damaged males were more likely to have their eggs hatch relative to the mating partners of intact males. Furthermore, we found that weapon-damaged males produced a larger number of offspring than intact males. This evidence reveals that weapon damage allows males to boost reproductive outcomes in non-competitive contexts.
The impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer: A qualitative study

e18559Background: The SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pandemic greatly impacted the health of many patients with cancer. We conducted in-depth interviews with patients across the United States to better unders...
Explaining (and Obtaining) Development Success

In this final chapter we draw lessons from the seven cases that our contributors have presented, and whose main elements are summarized in Table 9.1. We discuss what they suggest about the nature and explanation of development policy success in terms of the framework which we developed in Chapter 1 and with reference to broader debates in the literature. As noted in Chapter 1, our research strategy and choice of cases mean that our conclusions will be tentative ones. We will open up avenues for further research at the same time that we close down our present enquiry.
DMajor—Application Programming Interface for Database Mining

In the process of rule generation from databases, the volume of generated rules often greatly exceeds the size of the underlying database. Typically only a small fraction of that large volume of rules is of any interest to the user. We believe that the main challenge facing database mining is what to do with the rules after having generated them. Rule post-processing involves selecting rules which are relevant or interesting, building applications which use the rules and finally, combining rules together to form a larger and more meaningful statements. In this paper we propose an application programming interface which enables faster development of applications which rely on rules. We also provide a rule query language which allows both selective rule generation as well as retrieval of selected categories of rules from the pre-generated rule collections.
Staphylococcal β-Hemolysin II. Phospholipase C Activity of Purified β-Hemolysin

Sheep erythrocyte ghosts released water-soluble organic phosphorus when treated with purified beta-hemolysin. Phospholipid analysis demonstrated that sphingomyelin accounted for 53% of the phospholipids present in sheep erythrocytes. Purified beta-hemolysin showed phospholipase C activity when purified ox brain or sheep erythrocyte sphingomyelin was used as substrate. Such studies have also revealed that the disappearance of sphingomyelin from the reaction mixture was accompanied by a comparable increase in the concentration of phosphoryl choline. Thin-layer chromatography of phospholipids, extracted from sheep erythrocytes which had been exposed to beta-hemolysin, demonstrated that sphingomyelin was rapidly degraded. Activators of beta-hemolysin, such as Mg(++), enhanced the release of organic phosphorus from erythrocyte ghosts and from sphingomyelin. Inhibitors of beta-hemolysin, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and iodoacetamide, also inhibited the release of organic phosphorus from erythrocyte ghosts and from sphingomyelin. These studies strongly suggested that beta-hemolysin enzymatically degraded the sphingomyelin of the erythrocyte membrane. Such degradation probably resulted in the eventual lysis of the erythrocyte.
Atomistic modeling of finite-temperature properties of crystalline β-SiC: II. Thermal conductivity and effects of point defects

Abstract In this, the second part of a theoretical study of the thermal properties of crystalline β-SiC, the thermal conductivity is calculated by using molecular dynamics simulation to evaluate directly the heat current correlation function and thus, obtain the conductivity through the Green–Kubo expression in linear response theory. Adopting the same empirical potential model and the temperature scaling method as in part one, we predict absolute conductivity values for a perfect crystal which are in satisfactory agreement with available data, except in the low-temperature region (below 400 K) where quantum effects become dominant. The effects of carbon and silicon vacancies and antisite defects are studied by introducing a single defect into the simulation cell, allowing the atomic configuration to relax, and then performing heat capacity, thermal expansion and conductivity calculations. We find that the heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient are affected very little by point defects even at a high concentration of 0.5%. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity is observed to degrade markedly as a result of the greatly enhanced decay of the heat current correlation, clearly attributable to the dominant mechanism of defect scattering of phonons. The defect simulations also reveal that the conductivity becomes essentially temperature independent. Both characteristics appear to have correspondence with observations on conductivity behavior in neutron-irradiated specimens.
Paging Communication for Locating Mobile Users

The sections in this article are 1 System Layout 2 Paging Traffic and Normalized Paging Delay 3 Determination of p 4 Location Update and Signaling Traffic 5 Cost Function 6 Results 7 Case Study: Limiting the Number of Paging Areas to Two 8 Discussion
In Vivo Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Of Cardiac Metabolism: Initial Observations Of Hypoxia And Adrenergic Stimulation

High resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to the direct, noninvasive examination of phosphorylated substrate metabolism in the myocardium of live rabbits. By the combination of field profiling gradients and a surface, or flat, NMR coil placed directly over the region of the thorax which contains the heart, spatially localized NMR measurements of metabolic function in live animals can be obtained. This technique, termed "topical magnetic resonance" or TMR, has been used to follow the effects of several physiological conditions on the tissue pH and levels of key, energy-rich phosphorylated compounds in the hearts of live, anesthetized rabbits. Changes in tissue content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the NMR line widths of these species have been observed in animals given appropriate doses of adriamycin for a five day period. These preliminary data demonstrate the potential of spectroscopic NMR techniques in the evaluation of disease states in organs and tissues within the body and the ability to monitor both toxic and therapeutic effects of drugs.
FADDEEV EQUATIONS WITH INELASTIC PROCESSES.

Starting from the general Lippmann-Schwinger equation, we study the effect of inelastic processes on the scattering of three-body states. We show that it is possible to incorporate the inelastic effects into Faddeev-type equations in two different ways. The first approach is a straightforward generalization of the single-channel Faddeev equations to the multichannel form. However, we have to introduce the concepts of position and particle labeling in order to obtain a meaningful generalization. The second approach, which is derived from an extension of the concept of a complex potential, yields single-channel Faddeev equations with a modified input. The essential difference between this input and the input for the elastic case is the presence of a completely connected term. The two approaches are shown to be equivalent in their common region of validity. Under the resonance approximation, both approaches yield one-dimensional equations. The structure of the completely connected term is investigated for certain specific models and further simplifications on it are obtained. We also observe that the concept of the inelasticity parameter in the two-body case does not seem to have a natural generalization.
Thin-layer separation and low-temperature luminescence measurement of mixtures of carcinogens

Abstract Low-temperature fluorescence and phosphorescence characteristics of a number of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are reported. Complex mixtures of hydrocarbons are studied to determine the selectivity of low-temperature luminescence measurement. Low-temperature fluorimetry is applied to measure several hydrocarbon carcinogens after ethanolic extraction from thin-layer chromatograms. The method described permits determination of ca. 0.1 μg of most of the potent carcinogens.
PHOSPHORUS-NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. II. SOME P-TOLUIDINE DERIVATIVES.

Certain organophosphorus compounds containing substituted p -toluidine moieties were prepared for evaluation as cancer chemotherapeutic agents. The compounds that were synthesized include phosphoramidochloridic acids, phosphoramidates, phosphoramidothionates, a phosphorodiamidate, and a phosphorodiamidic chloride. The S-p -chlorobenzylthiuronium salt of a phosphoramidochloridic acid is also reported.
Simulating the Aerodynamics of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel

The objective of this study is to develop and employ a numerical simulation strategy for predicting the airflow from the spray bars to the test section of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). In particular, predictions of the mean velocity and turbulence distributions were desired throughout this flow domain to later investigate droplet dispersion. Computational airflow results were produced using the WIND code (developed by NPARC) with a second-order accurate finite difference scheme and the shear stress transport k‐Ω urbulence model. The inflow conditions for the flow domain were derived from the IRT measurements just upstream of the spray bars, which reflected the contributions to turbulence from the upstream heat exchanger wake. It was found that inclusion of the spray bar wakes and the air jets (of the spray nozzles) were required to describe the wind-tunnel turbulence distribution. Because it was impractical to simultaneously resolve the overall flow domain (60 ft long), along with the detailed flow around the 10 spray bars and the flow within a hundred air jets (issuing from 1/8-in. nozzle diameters), these features were simulated individually and then algebraically combined together to give an approximate solution. The results of the spray bar wake combined with the heat exchanger flow yielded good prediction of test section mean velocity and turbulence for the jets-off condition. Inclusion of all of the individual air jets also yielded reasonable resulting predictions of mean velocity and turbulence in the test section.
Dynamics of a predator–prey interaction with seasonal reproduction and continuous predation

Abstract Dynamics of predator–prey systems are affected by life history attributes of both predator and prey. We compare performance of several different models of one specific type of predator–prey interaction in which both predator and prey exhibit seasonal reproduction and predation is continuous. We show that use of a discrete-time model that preserves seasonal reproduction, whether stage-structured or non-stage-structured, always produces equilibria that are locally stable, whereas use of a continuous-time predator–prey model with an instantaneous approximation of seasonal reproduction can produce a limit cycle (self-sustained population fluctuations). This difference in dynamics results from the mismatch of life history properties between the mathematical model and the biological system under the continuous time model. We conclude that seasonal reproduction may be an important stabilizing factor in predator–prey interactions. Finally, with stage-structured predator–prey models, we show how life history parameters affect asymptotic dynamics of the system. Discrete-time models provide a more natural match to the biology of these systems. Our results suggest that discrete-time models have the potential for reducing the gap between theoretical models and empirical observations for these systems.
A Novel Nonoperative Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer Murine Model Using Electrocoagulation

Background Orthotopic mouse models of human colorectal cancer represent an important in vivo tool for testing chemotherapeutic agents and studying intraluminal factors that may alter the growth of cancers. Currently the orthotopic mouse models of colorectal cancer require either an operative procedure or creation of colitis to implant the cancer cells in rectum. We have developed a nonoperative, minimally invasive technique to create a true orthotopic colon cancer mouse model. Study Design We used human (LS 174T and HT-29) and murine (CRL-2638 and CRL-2639) colon cancer cell lines. Low-dose mucosal coagulation was performed transanally using a specially designed electrode at 1 to 3 predetermined points, 2 to 3 cm from the anus, followed by a transanal instillation of tumor cells (1 × 10 6 cells) in 12 female nude or severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice for each of the 4 groups (n = 48, plus 16 controls). Mouse colonoscope (Coloview) and microCT were used to follow tumor growth. Four mice from each group were euthanized at 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Results Tumors were detected in 12 of 12 of the CRL-2638, 11 of 12 of the CRL-2639, 7 of 12 of the HT-29 and 12 of 12 mice in the LS 174T groups. Histopathologic evaluation showed that the tumors grew from the colonic mucosa. CRL-2638 and LS 174T exhibited better implantation, faster tumor growth, larger tumor volume, and earlier metastases. MicroCT detected tumors larger than 3 mm, and the colonoscopy detected tumors larger than 1 mm. Conclusions Our mouse model is minimally invasive and easy to create and overcomes the limitations of existing models while mimicking the human disease in terms of morphology and biologic behavior. This model opens the doors for colon cancer oncologic studies in an animal model that were previously not possible.
Cosmological Microlensing Statistics: Variability Rates for Quasars and Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and Implications for Macrolensing Magnification Bias and Flux Ratios

The fraction of quasars and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows that vary because of microlensing by the stellar populations of intervening elliptical/S0 galaxies is computed by combining the joint distribution of effective microlensing convergence (κ) and shear (γ) with microlensing magnification patterns. Microlensing is common in multiply imaged sources. We find that one in three multiply imaged quasars should vary by more than 0.5 mag decade-1 because of microlensing while 10% of macrolensed GRB afterglows should show a departure of more than 0.5 mag from their intrinsic light curve during the first 30 days. However, microlensing by stars is rare in general, with only one source in ~500 varying by more than 0.5 mag during the same periods. We find that most microlensing by stars will be observed in a regime where γ > 0.1. Thus, point-mass lenses do not provide an adequate description for most microlensing events. If dark matter halos contain a large fraction of mass in compact objects, the fraction of microlensed (by 0.5 mag) images rises significantly to about one in 10 for quasars and about one in five for GRB afterglows. Comparison of variability between macrolensed and normal quasar images and a moderate number of well-sampled GRB afterglow light curves should therefore discover or refute the existence of stellar mass compact objects in galaxy halos. While microlensing results in departures of the distribution of magnifications from that of a smooth model, the effect on the macrolensing magnification bias for the discovery of lenses in quasar surveys is small. On the other hand, microlensing significantly broadens the distribution of macrolensed image flux ratios.
Confessions of a gardener: a review of information ecologies

This review of Information Ecologies places the text in the mediating tradition that seeks a middle ground between rigid technological determinism and indifferent value neutrality. The biological metaphors for situated technology use make interesting reading,but the stories may not be compelling evidence that users really can shape technological change from the local level.
Analysis of ambulatory electrocardiograms in 15 patients during spontaneous ventricular fibrillation with special reference to preceding arrhythmic events

Fifteen patients sustained ventricular fibrillation during ambulatory electrocardiographic recording in a period of 3.5 years over which time 16,500 ambulatory electrocardiograms were analyzed (prevalence = 0.09% or 1/1,100). Eight patients died, and seven survived cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Quantitative analysis of hourly ventricular arrhythmias prior to ventricular fibrillation revealed an increased frequency of premature ventricular beats and ventricular tachycardia, especially in the 2 hours immediately before ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation was initiated by ventricular tachycardia in all 15 cases. These runs of ventricular tachycardia were characterized by their unusual length (mean = 560 ± 536 beats) and their rapid rate (241 ± 45 beats/min). Although an R on T premature ventricular beat initiated ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation occasionally, the mean prematurity index of the initiating premature ventricular beat was not early (mean = 1.27 ± 0.28). QT prolongation was present in only 3 of the 15 patients (mean QTc interval = 0.42 ± 0.06). Left ventricular dysfunction (mean left ventricular ejection fraction = 34.9 ± 9.9%) and coronary artery disease were nearly always present. The cardiac medications most frequently associated with these patients at the time of ventricular fibrillation were digitalis and quinidine.