cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Soybean STAY-GREEN Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome

Genetic mappings for soybean sudden death syndrome foliar chlorosis suggested that STAY-GREEN genes with loss-of-susceptibility mechanism may have different breeding merits for disease resistance.
Preserving Mitochondrial Structure and Motility Promotes Recovery of White Matter After Ischemia

Stroke significantly affects white matter in the brain by impairing axon function, which results in clinical deficits. Axonal mitochondria are highly dynamic and are transported via microtubules in the anterograde or retrograde direction, depending upon axonal energy demands. Recently, we reported that mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) promotes axon function recovery by preventing mitochondrial fission only when applied during ischemia. Application of Mdivi-1 after injury failed to protect axon function. Interestingly, L-NIO, which is a NOS3 inhibitor, confers post-ischemic protection to axon function by attenuating mitochondrial fission and preserving mitochondrial motility via conserving levels of the microtubular adaptor protein Miro-2. We propose that preventing mitochondrial fission protects axon function during injury, but that restoration of mitochondrial motility is more important to promote axon function recovery after injury. Thus, Miro-2 may be a therapeutic molecular target for recovery following a stroke.
George de Hevesy in America

TO THE EDITOR: George de Hevesy was a Hungarian radiochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1943 for the discovery of the radiotracer principle ([1][1]). As the radiotracer principle is the foundation of all diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures, Hevesy is widely
Vitamin D Is Not Effective as Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease or Cancer.

This is the second large, well-designed study (the first one included patients with diabetes mellitus; this one included patients without diabetes) that found no benefit from a 1-g daily dosage of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Comarcas bien situadas

Pequeno reino. Gustavo Adolfo Garces. Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio/Ulrika Editores, Bogota, 1998, 80 pags.
Is P&T Ready to Add Rapid Cycle Analytics to Formulary?

Purpose: The intent of this article is to evaluate a novel approach, using rapid cycle analytics and real world evidence, to optimize and improve the medication evaluation process to help the formu...
Misidentification of unstable, low oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant

Abstract Background We present a case of Hemoglobin (Hgb) Louisville in a 6-y old girl presenting with hypoxia and mild hemolytic anemia. Methods Hgb Louisville is a rare, unstable hemoglobin variant with low oxygen affinity, but initial workup of this case using widely-available hemoglobin fractionation methods was unable to differentiate this variant from normal hemoglobins. Results This resulted in a delayed diagnosis. Conclusion This case highlights the limitations of routine hemoglobin fractionation methods for correct diagnosis of hemoglobin variants, and subsequent impact on patient care and management.
Attunement and Translation

This paper addresses this question of how hermeneutic directives govern the task of translating the key terms of Heidegger’s thinking. These directives are never reducible to the standards of semantical equivalency supported by a dictionary; instead, they issue from the hidden wellspring of what is unspoken and unsaid, whose manner of attunement brings thinking into its reciprocity with being and permits its disclosure in the most “elemental words.” A “hermeneutically sound” translation, then, renounces the presumption of absolute transfer of Heidegger’s key words, taking its orientation instead from the attuned response and comportment toward the disclosing power of language. In a way that harks back to Heidegger’s essay at the inception of this volume, it is seen that the venture of translating, like thinking, must first descend into the “poverty” of language in order to experience the “wealth” of its power to let being become manifest.
Chapter 26 – Gaucher Disease: Neuronopathic Forms

Gaucher disease is one of the most prevalent hereditary lipid storage disorders in humans. Patients are classified into three phenotypes depending on whether the central nervous system (CNS) is involved and on the age of onset of clinical manifestations. This autosomal recessive disorder is caused by mutations in the GBA1 gene leading to insufficient activity of the hydrolase glucocerebrosidase. This results in accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages, and in some cases, in cells of the CNS. The systemic manifestations of the disease are hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia and destructive skeletal disease. The neurological manifestations consist of supranuclear gaze palsy, variable cognitive dysfunction, movement disorders and sometimes a progressive myoclonic encephalopathy. Glucocerebrosidase activity in peripheral blood white cells and identification of GBA1 mutations confirm the diagnosis. Current research is focused on correcting the primary metabolic defect in the CNS and understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. The latter will likely lead to therapeutic approaches designed to counteract the downstream effects of glucocerebrosidase deficiency.
Luther, the Papacy, and the Quest for the Absolute

Luther’s rejection of papal authority was never really about papal authority. Luther’s revolutionary theological route was led by another, more important motivation: his fundamental, all-important “quest for the absolute.” Luther was animated by an obsessive desire to find a sure, certain, and unfailing basis for the Christian life- “the absolute.” This was his primary spiritual impulse, which he had acquired during his days as an anxious, guilt-ridden monk. Knowing his own sin, Luther despaired of finding an absolute basis for salvation in himself. Likewise, discovering the Church to be “merely human,” he found it necessary to untether the Christian life from any reliance upon the institutional Church. It was then only natural for Luther to reject the claims of absolute authority made by that Church’s head, the pope. This essay examines Luther’s radically changing views on the papacy during the critical period between October 31, 1517 (Luther’s publication of the Ninety-Five Theses) and December 10, 1520 (Luther’s burning of Exsurge Domine- the papal bull of excommunication). This transformation was not so much an evolution into something new, but the unfolding realization of something already present. Luther’s ultimate rejection of papal authority was implicated in his restless commitment to finding an absolute basis for the spiritual life and salvation. Historical circumstances merely provided the external occasion for him to flesh out the logic of this internal quest. This paper employs philosophical, theological, psychological, and historical insight to get at this deep, largely ignored component of Luther’s attitude towards the papacy.
Uncivil City: Ecology, Equity and the Commons in Delhi

In this exceptionally readable book, Amita Baviskar illuminates the many faces of ‘bourgeois environmentalism’: a political ideology that serves ‘neither ecological nor social justice’ but instead ...
GENERAL MOTORS TIRE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (TPC) SPECIFICATION SYSTEM

The part of the GM Tire Program to be outlined in this paper describes the reasoning behind the establishment of the General Motors Tire Performance Criteria (TCP) Sepcification System and the system itself. (All TCP specifications are included in the appendix.) The specific objectives of this system were to provide the General Motors Corporation with improved specifications for original equipment tires to assure that all the suppliers' tires are equal to or above the specified minimum performance levels, and to provide the customer with a system by which he could obtain replacement tires designed to provide the same performance characteristics as the OE tires originally installed on his vehicle.
Marketing with Social Media: A LITA Guide edited by Beth C. Thomsett-Scott

Social media can easily be integrated into any library's marketing strategy, increasing the visibility of library services, special events, class offerings, and collections. The key is to choose wh...
Relationships Between Water Table and Model Simulated ET

This research was conducted to develop relationships among evapotranspiration (ET), percolation (PERC), groundwater discharge to the stream (GWQ), and water table fluctuations through a modeling approach. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic and crop models were applied in the Big Sunflower River watershed (BSRW; 7660 km(2) ) within the Yazoo River Basin of the Lower Mississippi River alluvial plain. Results of this study showed good to very good model performances with the coefficient of determination (R(2) ) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index from 0.4 to 0.9, respectively, during both hydrologic and crop model calibration and validation. An empirical relationship between ET, PERC, GWQ, and water table fluctuations was able to predict 64% of the water table variation of the alluvial plain in this study. Thematic maps were developed to identify areas with overuse of groundwater, which can help watershed managers to develop water resource programs.
Introduction: The Historiographical Legacies of David Underdown

During a career spanning nearly six decades, David Underdown anticipated the turn toward detailed narrative political history characteristic of revisionism but subsequently rejected what he saw as an overly narrow revisionist emphasis on high politics, in favor of approaches that focused on the political outlooks of the majority of the population and connections between political, social and cultural history. This introduction reflects on the overall arc of his career, its relationship to the historiography of the late twentieth-century and its relevance to the current state of the field of early seventeenth century English history.
Depolymerization of microtubules prior to compaction: Development of cell polarity and cell spreading are not inhibited☆

Abstract The role of microtubules immediately preceding compaction in early 8-cell stage blastomeres (8-CSB) was investigated in the mouse embryo. The results of a previous study [12] were extended by initiating colchicine treatment at the 5–7-cell stage when the first 8-CSB appear. In 2.5 × 10 −5 or 2.5 × 10 −6 M drug, 8-CSB became a completely compacted group, whereas the 4-CSB remained separate and spherical. EM analysis demonstrated the absence of cortical microtubules in colchicine-treated embryos, the presence of normal close cell-cell apposition by 8-CSB, the development of apical localization of microvilli by 8-CSB, the failure of 8-CSB to spread over 4-CSB, and the metaphase arrest of 4-CSB. In addition, some blastomeres developed shallow, abnormally-located cleavage furrows suggesting that microfilaments were still able to organize. In summary, (1) microtubules are not required for compaction and the development of cell polarity, supporting other recent studies in which the role of microtubules in a cell shape change is not clear;(2) the surface of arrested 4-CSB is not a suitable substrate over which 8-CSB can spread which may be due to insufficient adhesiveness at the 4-CS or alterations during mitosis.
Recent observations on the Fano factor in germanium

Abstract Results demonstrating that the Fano factor for germanium is less than 0.08 are presented.
An approach toward the total synthesis of cyclotheonamides; preparation of a C(1) to N(14) segment

Abstract The C(1) to N(14) segment of the potent thrombin inhibitor cyclotheonamide A was prepared from L-arginine, L-proline, and L-asparagine. The arginine backbone was extended via a cyanohydrin, and the usual diaminopropanoic acid residue was obtained from hypervalent iodine oxidation of the asparagine side chain.
Evaluative Confounding in the Choice of Bipolar Scales

Previous research has approached the confounding of desirability and description in self-description and in trait inference. The present study attempted to determine the extent to which subjects constructing bipolar rating scales confound these two dimensions. Subjects (n = 174) were given 48 sets of adjectives from which to construct bipolar rating scales to describe people-related concepts. One adjective was given as marking one end of the scale and the subjects were to choose one of two adjectives which would result in the best bipolar scale. The two choices always consisted of a socially desirable and a socially undesirable option. The results indicated that subjects systematically chose the adjective which not only represented the other end of the content dimension but also was opposite in desirability from the endpoint which was given. This finding is strongest when a socially undesirable endpoint is given.
Effect of povidone–iodine addition on the corrosion behavior of cp–Ti in normal saline

The effect of various concentrations of povidone-iodine (PI) on the corrosion behavior of a commercially pure titanium alloy (Ti-1) has been investigated in normal saline solution to simulate the povidone-iodine addition in an oral environment. The open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements have been used to characterize the electrochemical phenomena occurring on the alloy surface. The open circuit potential values for Ti-1 in various concentrations of PI shift considerably towards noble direction as compared to pure normal saline. In the potentiodynamic polarization curve for Ti-1 in various solutions, the cathodic current density has increased for all concentrations of PI and the anodic current density has decreased. Only the 0.1% PI concentration is able to inhibit corrosion of Ti-1 in normal saline and the other higher concentrations studied, accelerate corrosion. The EIS data for Ti-1 in normal saline and in various concentrations of PI follows a one time constant circuit, suggesting the formation of a single passive film on Ti-1 which is not altered by the addition of PI to normal saline.
Accelerating and spatially-varying crustal uplift and its geomorphic expression, San Andreas Fault zone north of San Francisco, California

Abstract Marine terraces that bevel the western flank of the Point Reyes Peninsula were used to measure crustal uplift rates west of the San Andreas Fault segment north of San Francisco. Field measurements of platform inner edges, and luminescence ages from overlying marine sediments, suggest the youngest platform was cut by waves during the ~ 80-ka sea-level high stand (MIS 5a). Since 80 ka, the platform has been uplifted slowly throughout most of the peninsula, but more rapidly in the southern part, where uplift reaches a rate of ~ 1 m/ka. Analyses of the spatial distributions of hillslope gradient and elevation are consistent with the terrace data. Correlations of older terrace levels to high-stand ages suggest that crustal uplift has accelerated in the southern part of the peninsula during the past ~ 300 ky, probably as a result of a contractional zone that has been migrating northward. This study is the first to quantify the rate and style of crustal uplift west of this San Andreas Fault segment. Although the transform motions in this region are well documented, the complex nature of interacting fault strands are only beginning to be understood. These results imply that other faults, with reverse-motions, are also active and potentially contributing to earthquake hazards.
Abnormal Concentrations of Dopamine in a Drosophila Mutant

THE body colour mutant tan of Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to possess a defect in its visual system, as evidenced by an abnormal electroretinogram (ERG)1,2. As part of a search for a chemical correlate of this mutation, the concentration of dopamine in tan-1 flies was compared with that in flies of normal body colour. Dopamine is an important intermediate in catecholamine biosynthesis3 as well as in the tanning pathway of at least some insects4.
Pattern classification using the phase velocity field approach

Abstract A new concept for unsupervised learning based upon examples introduced to the neural network is proposed. Each example is considered as an interpolation node of the velocity field in the phase space. The velocities at these nodes are selected such that all the streamlines converge to an attracting set embedded in the subspace occupied by the cluster of examples. The unknown parameters are found from a learning procedure using the selected phase velocity field as an input. The theory is further ilucidated by an example.
Effect of androstenedione on growth of untransfected and aromatase-transfected MCF-7 cells in culture.

Abstract Aromatase is present in human breast tumors and in breast cancer cell lines suggesting the possibility of in-situ estrogen production via the androstenedione to estrone and estradiol pathway. However, proof of the biologic relevance of aromatase in breast cancer tissue requires the demonstration that this enzyme mediates biologic effects on cell proliferation. Accordingly, we studied the effects of the aromatase substrate, androstenedione, on the rate of proliferation of wild-type and aromatase-transfected MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Androstenedione did not increase cell growth in wild-type MCF-7 cells which contained relatively low aromatase activity and produced 4-fold more estrone than estradiol. In contrast, aromatase-transfected cell contained higher amounts of aromatase, produced predominantly estradiol, and responded to androstenedione with enhanced growth. An aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride, blocked the proliferative effects of androstenedione providing evidence for the role of aromatase in this process. As further evidence of the requirement for aromatase, cells transfected with the neomycin resistance expression plasmid but lacking the aromatase cDNA did not respond to androstenedione. These studies provide evidence that aromatase may have a biologic role for in-situ synthesis of estrogens of breast cancer tissue.
Aging and delirium: too much or too little pain medication?

Abstract Review of the literature revealed an association of pain and delirium in hip fracture patients. The literature was sparse addressing other types of patients. The purpose of the present study was therefore to examine the association of pain and delirium in medical and surgical patients. A retrospective record review was conducted using records of 100 patients who developed delirium while hospitalized. Data included: age, comorbidities, hospital day when delirium developed, presence of major risk factors for delirium on admission, and amount of medication received in the 24 h before onset of delirium. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and univariate analysis of variance were used to determine association between the variables. The mean age was 76.71 years. The mean number of comorbities was 2.22. The mean number of risk factors for delirium on admission was 2.26 (range 0 to 5). The mean percentage of total amount of medication ordered that was received was 27.67%. Those individuals admitted with a risk factor of hearing loss received significantly less amount of pain medication than those with other risk factors ( p = .023). Nurses should carefully assess pain management in their older patients. If using a PCA pump, the older patient's ability to manage the pump should be reassessed often. If a patient is admitted with risk factors for development of delirium, unmanaged pain might be the additional factor that precipitates delirium.
How Fluorous Is Poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxide-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon AF)?

We investigated poly(2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxide-co-tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon AF 2400, Tg = 240 °C), a stable and permeable fluorous polymer, as a transport/extraction medium for solutes for the first time. From the study of transport behavior of a series of solutes (in chloroform solution) through the film, and detailed measurement of the partitioning and diffusion of benzene in the film, we showed that the Teflon AF film is influenced by the solvent to which it is exposed. In particular, the solvent chloroform is sorbed in the film at a high concentration of 1.13 M. This plasticizes the film, so that the diffusion coefficient of benzene is about 3 orders of magnitude larger in a chloroform-equilibrated film compared to benzene coming from the gas phase into a “dry” film. The partition ratio of the polar solute 3-hydroxypyridine is dramatically higher in the case of partitioning between chloroform and a film (0.02) compared to partitioning between chloroform and the fluorous solve...
Allergy Testing and Immunotherapy in an Academic Otolaryngology Practice: A 20-year Review:

OBJECTIVE: Allergic disease plays a central role in the clinical practice of otolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to review the 20-year experience of an allergy clinic integrated within an...
Rhetorical Theory and Newsletter Writing

Research on newsletters, a major form of organizational communication, has largely been practical rather than theoretical. Certain theories, such as those in organizational theory and mass communic...
SU‐E‐J‐201: Correlations Between Mechanical and Structural Anisotropy: A Foundation for Non‐Invasively Assessing Radiation Injury

Purpose: Tour long‐term goal is to develop techniques for evaluating radiation injury based upon mechanical changes to tissue. Here, we study the mechanical response of white matter ex vivo using dynamic shear testing (DST) and indentation testing in an animal model, with the goals of establishing in normal (non‐radiation‐injured) tissue (1) a baseline degree of mechanical anisotropy, and (2) correlations between mechanical and structural anisotropy. Methods: Fresh whole brains were acquired from local slaughter house. White matter samples were dissected and from the central corpus callosum region, while gray matter samples were acquired from temporal region. Dynamic shear testing and indentation testing were applied to both white and gray matter samples. White matter samples were tested in shear with axonal fibers aligned or perpendicular to the shear force direction, and in indentation with the fiber axis parallel or perpendicular to the long side of the indenter head. Gray matter samples were tested in an arbitrary direction and rotated 90 degrees for the second test, for each testing procedure. Shear modulus and indentation stiffness were calculated for each sample. Results: The storage and loss moduli of the white matter samples were significantly larger when the samples were tested with primary axonal fibers aligned with the shearing direction. The indentation stiffness was also significantly higher when indented perpendicular to the fiber direction. No significant differences were observed for gray matter samples for both testing procedures. Conclusion: The results confirm that white matter exhibits larger moduli when stretched or sheared along the fiber direction; mechanical anisotropy correlates with structural anisotropy. The mechanical isotropy observed in gray matter is consistent with the structural isotropy. These results will be useful for investigations of changes in mechanical properties after radiation therapy in cerebral tumor patients, and for numerical modeling of surgery and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Idiotype-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in multiple myeloma: evidence for their capacity to lyse autologous primary tumor cells

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy. The monoclonal immunoglobulin, secreted by myeloma plasma cells, carries unique antigenic determinants (idiotype [Id]) that can be regarded as a tumor-specific antigen. Id-based immunotherapy has been explored in myeloma patients for the purpose of enhancing or inducing Id-specific immune responses that might lead to tumor destruction. However, despite some evidence obtained from mouse plasmacytoma models, it is still unclear whether Id-specific immunity may play a role in the regulation of tumor cells in MM. In the current study, using dendritic cells (DCs) as antigen-presenting cells, autologous Id-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines containing both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were generated from myeloma patients. The results show that Id-specific CTLs not only recognized and lysed autologous Id-pulsed DCs but also significantly killed the autologous primary myeloma cells. The cytotoxicity against the primary tumor cells was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I– and, to a lesser extent, class II–restricted, indicating that myeloma cells could process Id protein and present Id peptides in the context of their surface MHC molecules. Furthermore, the CTLs lysed the target cells mainly through the perforin-mediated pathway because Concanamycin A, but not Brefeldin A—the selective inhibitors for perforin- or Fas-mediated pathways—abrogated the cytolytic activity of the cells. These CTLs secreted predominantly interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α on antigen stimulation, indicating that they belong to the type-1 T-cell subsets. Taken together, these findings represent the first demonstration that Id-specific CTLs are able to lyse autologous tumor cells in MM and, thus, provide a rationale for Id-based immunotherapy in the disease.
Comparison of genetic representation schemes for scheduling soft real-time parallel applications

This paper presents a hybrid technique that combines List Scheduling (LS) with Genetic Algorithms (GA) for constructing non-preemptive schedules for soft real-time parallel applications represented as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). The execution time requirements of the applications' tasks are assumed to be stochastic and are represented as probability distribution functions. The performance in terms of schedule lengths for three different genetic representation schemes are evaluated and compared for a number of different DAGs.The approaches presented here produce shorter schedules than HLFET, a popular LS approach for all of the sample problems. Of the three genetic representation schemes investigated, PosCT, the technique that allows the GA to learn which tasks to delay in order to allow other tasks to complete produced the shortest schedules for a majority of the sample DAGs.
Using Near-Infrared [Fe II] Lines to Identify Active Galaxies*

The ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ and ([Fe II] 1.2567 μm)/Paβ ratios provide good separation of starburst and Seyfert galaxies; we show that ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ is nearly as good a discriminant as the commonly used ([O I] λ6300)/Hα ratio. The behavior of both the ([O I] λ6300)/Hα and the ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ ratios is readily understood if there is a progression in the proportion of shock excitation going from H II region through starburst and Seyfert galaxies to supernova remnants. We use the CLOUDY program to show that the behavior is also explained if the dominant excitation mechanism is photoionization. As a test of this technique for identifying excitation mechanisms, we have obtained infrared spectra of two LINER galaxies. NGC 1052, which is thought to be excited by a nuclear power-law UV source, is the prototype of LINERs, and NGC 3504 is classified as a weak-[O I] λ6300 LINER, better understood in terms of photoionization by O stars than by a nonstellar source. The placement of these galaxies on the ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ versus ([O I] λ6300)/Hα diagram is in agreement with these previously determined characteristics. The ([Fe II] 1.644 μm)/Brγ and ([Fe II] 1.2567 μm)/Paβ ratios should be useful in classifying heavily obscured galaxies because the ratios (1) are constructed at wavelengths where extinction is relatively small and (2) involve lines over narrow spectral ranges.
SU‐GG‐I‐142: A Small Field‐Of‐View, Mobile PET/SPECT System for Bedside Environments: A Dynamic Cardiac Phantom Study Using 99mTc and 18F‐FDG

Purpose: Asses the performance capability of a small field‐of‐view mobile PET/SPECT unit for 99m‐Tc and F‐18 FDG cardiacSPECTimaging in bedside environments with critically ill patients who cannot be transported to a traditional SPECTsystem.Method and Materials: A dynamic cardiac phantom was used to evaluate the effects of angular sampling, counts per projection, cardiac motion, and out of field activity in bedside SPECTimaging using 99m‐Tc and F‐18 FDG. The mobile SPECTsystem consists of two detector heads with pixilated NaI scintillators and is capable of maneuvering in an ICU or ER to image patients that are confined to bed. 180 degree SPECT acquisitions were performed with angular samplings of 19, 10, and 5 evenly spaced angles and 500, 250, and 100 thousand counts per projection. Collimated F‐18 FDG SPECTimaging is preferred over PET in this environment due to difficulties in positioning a detector beneath a bed. More projection angles with less attenuation effect can be obtained with anterior SPECT as well. Acquisitions were performed at end systole, end diastole, with the heart beating (72 BPM and 45% EF), and with the heart beating and activity in the simulated liver.Results: Viable images were reconstructed using MLEM for both 99m‐Tc and F‐18 FDG. Contrast increases with increased angular sampling and counts per projection in these images. Viable images can be obtained with lower sampling if the situation requires it. F‐18 FDG imaging will require higher counts and projection angles due to center‐of‐rotation errors. Conclusion:SPECTcardiacimaging of immobile, critically ill patients is possible using both Tc‐99m and F‐18 FDG. The versatility of this system makes it a useful tool for examining patients who could not have this exam but would benefit from it greatly.
Herbivore preference for native vs. exotic plants: generalist herbivores from multiple continents prefer exotic plants that are evolutionarily naïve.

Enemy release and biotic resistance are competing, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses addressing the success or failure of non-native plants entering a new region. Enemy release predicts that exotic plants become invasive by escaping their co-adapted herbivores and by being unrecognized or unpalatable to native herbivores that have not been selected to consume them. In contrast, biotic resistance predicts that native generalist herbivores will suppress exotic plants that will not have been selected to deter these herbivores. We tested these hypotheses using five generalist herbivores from North or South America and nine confamilial pairs of native and exotic aquatic plants. Four of five herbivores showed 2.4–17.3 fold preferences for exotic over native plants. Three species of South American apple snails (Pomacea sp.) preferred North American over South American macrophytes, while a North American crayfish Procambarus spiculifer preferred South American, Asian, and Australian macrophytes over North American relatives. Apple snails have their center of diversity in South America, but a single species (Pomacea paludosa) occurs in North America. This species, with a South American lineage but a North American distribution, did not differentiate between South American and North American plants. Its preferences correlated with preferences of its South American relatives rather than with preferences of the North American crayfish, consistent with evolutionary inertia due to its South American lineage. Tests of plant traits indicated that the crayfish responded primarily to plant structure, the apple snails primarily to plant chemistry, and that plant protein concentration played no detectable role. Generalist herbivores preferred non-native plants, suggesting that intact guilds of native, generalist herbivores may provide biotic resistance to plant invasions. Past invasions may have been facilitated by removal of native herbivores, introduction of non-native herbivores (which commonly prefer native plants), or both.
1196 Conservative resection without radiotherapy for local control of Ewing's sarcoma

Background Adequate local contrai of Ewing's sarcoma can be achieved with radical surgery or conservative surgery and radiotherapy, the latter combination often used to improve functional outcome. Concern has been raised, however, regarding deleterious late effeets of radiation in this young population. We report three cases that have been treated with limited resection alone for local control. Methods The patients presented with Ewing's sarcoma originating in the proximal humerus, proximal tibia and proximal femur. Ages were 16–30 years. Preoperative chemotherapy consisted of VAC alternating with VP-16/ifosfamide or VAC/dacarbazine for 2.5–10 months. Resection of the residuai MRI abnormality with placement of an allograft (2 cases) or a prostheses (one case) was then performed. Resection was considered wide in two cases and marginal in one. Ail margins of resection were pathologically free of tumor. Chemotherapy was continued in two cases for an additional 2 and 7 months. Results AU patients are alive with no evidence of disease 1.2, 3.5 and 4 years after diagnosis. One patient suffered allograft fracture and needed reconstruction 11 months after initial surgery. AH patients had excellent functional outcome. Conclusions Conservative resection alone may be sufficient for local contrai in selected patients with extremity Ewing's sarcoma. This approach may reduce treatment related morbidity and deserves further study.
A discrete model for the prediction of subsequent yield surfaces in polycrystalline plasticity

Abstract A discrete model suitable for the analysis of polycrystalline aggregate response under macroscopically uniform, quasi-static loading is developed, with particular emphasis on the characteristics of subsequent yield surfaces in stress or strain space. Internal stress and deformation states are determined from approximating, piecewise linear infinitesimal displacement fields within crystal grains, based upon broadly defined constitutive behavior which permits inclusion of cubic or hexagonal crystal anisotropy and relatively general hardening laws over crystallographic slip systems. Appropriate aggregate matrices are established as symmetric, positivedefinite, and internal fields corresponding to the solution of the discrete model are proved to be unique. It is further shown that the final calculation of incremental crystal shears can be posed as a quadratic programming problem.
COMPARISON OF REACTIONS OF ANTIBODIES TO RAT COLLAGEN AND TO RAT KIDNEY IN THE BASEMENT MEMBRANES OF RAT RENAL GLOMERULI

By in vivo and in vitro methods of immunofluorescence, antibody to rat collagen and to rat kidney show the same regular, linear fluorescence following the outlines of the renal glomerular capillaries. Absorption of each antiserum with its homologous antigen completely removed the antibody for immunofluorescence, while absorption with the heterologous antigen had no effect. The nephrotoxicity persisted in the anti-kidney serum absorbed with collagen. By pretreatment of frozen normal rat kidney sections with various enzymes followed by immunofluorescence, it was shown that trypsin and hyaluronidase had no effect on the subsequent fluorescence of either antibody; papain reduced the fluorescence; and pepsin and Pronase acted on both antigens so that no fluorescence was present. One preparation of neuraminidase, derived from V. cholerae, reduced fluorescence of both antibodies in some preparations, but the same enzyme derived from influenza virus or C. perfringens had no effect on either. Collagenase completely prevented fluorescence of the antibody to collagen and had no effect on that to rat kidney. The findings in this study show that the antibody to collagen is directed to collagen in rat renal glomerular basement membranes and that the antibody to rat kidney reacts with some antigen other than collagen in these membranes.
A Proposed Model of Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Reserve in Older Adults

Abstract The theoretical construct of cognitive reserve is used to explain why some people can sustain more brain pathology due to disease than others before cognitive and everyday functioning become impaired. Several lines of research suggest that cognition may be maintained by taking steps to prevent loss or possibly increase cognitive reserve. These steps could include promoting certain health behaviors, engaging in cognitively stimulating activities, or possibly even using cognitive training techniques. These factors may positively influence the physiological functioning of the brain or may increase the ability to compensate for declines in cognition. Empirical findings related to neuroplasticity are discussed and a hypothetical model of neuroplasticity, cognitive reserve, and cognitive functioning in older adults are presented. Implications of this model for 'real world' or everyday functioning are discussed and directions for future research on maintaining cognitive reserve are provided.
An investigative report on the constructive relations of linear magnetoelectric media

Conventional treatment of linear magnetoelectric media assumes their constitutive relations to have certain symmetries. This assumption is based on static analysis, but is mostly used for alternating fields. Experimental evidence in support of the assumption is certainly incomplete and inadequate, and may be incorrect. The assumption negates the existence of reciprocal biisotropic media, which nevertheless exist in abundance. These and other inadequacies are critically analyzed.
The experimental measurement and theoretical analysis of flow-system tracer curves by a line-sampling method

Abstract An electrical conductivity sampling probe for the accurate measurement of the dispersive effect of velocity gradient on concentration profile has been designed. The probe averages tracer concentration along a single diameter of the tube. The impulse response of this probe system in steady laminar flow in a tube has been derived theoretically and confirmed experimentally. Examples of the determination of unknown velocity profiles by tracer techniques utilizing the probe are presented.
The role of solation-contraction coupling in regulating stress fiber dynamics in nonmuscle cells.

Serum-deprived Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts constitutively form stress fibers at their edges. These fibers move centripetally towards the perinuclear region where they disassemble. Serum stimulation causes shortening of fibers in a manner suggesting active actin-myosin-based contraction (Giuliano, K.A. and D.L. Taylor. 1990. Cell Motil. and Cytoskeleton. 16:14-21). To elucidated the role of actin-based gel structure in these movements, we examined the effects of disrupting actin organization with cytochalasin. Serum-deprived fibroblasts were microinjected with rhodamine analogs of actin or myosin II and fiber dynamics were monitored with a multimode light microscope workstation using video-enhanced contrast and fluorescence modes. When cells were perfused with greater than or equal to 3 microM cytochalasin B or 0.5 microM cytochalasin D, formation and transport of stress fibers were reversibly inhibited, and rapid and immediate shortening of existing fibers was induced. Quantification of actin and myosin II fluorescence associated with individual shortening fibers demonstrated that fluorescence per length of fiber increased for both components, suggesting sliding filament contraction. However, there was also a net loss of both actin and myosin II from fibers as they shortened, indicating a self-destructive process. Loss of material from fibers coupled with increased overlap of actin and myosin II remaining in the fibers suggested that contraction could be induced not only by increasing the force exerted by contractile motors, but also by decreasing gel structure through partial solation. Finally, cytochalasin accelerated contraction of actin-myosin-based gels reconstituted from purified proteins in the absence of myosin-based regulation, further supporting solation-contraction coupling as a possible mechanism for modulating cytoplasmic contractility (Taylor, D.L. and M. Fechheimer. 1982. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 299:185-197).
A rapid one step purification procedure for murine IgD based on the specific affinity of Bandeiraea (Griffonia) simplicifolia-1 for N-linked carbohydrates on IgD

Abstract The α- D -galactopyranosyl binding lectin from the seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia (a.k.a. Griffonia simplicifolia) termed BS-I, strongly reacts with murine IgD and with no other protein in ascites including all other classes of immunoglobulins as determined by immunoprecipitation, hemagglutination inhibition and affinity binding. Based on this finding, murine IgD could be rapidly purified directly from whole ascitic fluid by passage over affinity beads of BS-I linked to Sepharose 4B and subsequent elution by a buffer containing 0.1 M D -galactose. The sugar eluted product is 95–99% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE and represents 90–95% of the total IgD in the initial ascites by ELISA assay. Both monomeric and dimeric murine IgD may be purified by this procedure. Human IgD is unreactive with this lectin. Treatment of purified IgD with endoglycosidases that remove either O- or N-linked glycosides indicates that BS-I binds to IgD only via N-linked carbohydrate chains.
Post-translational modifications of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough sulfate reduction pathway proteins

Recent developments in shotgun proteomics have enabled high-throughput studies of a variety of microorganisms at a proteome level and provide experimental validation for predicted open reading frames in the corresponding genome. More importantly, advances in mass spectrometric data analysis now allow mining of large proteomics data sets for the presence of post-translational modifications (PTMs). Although PTMs are a critical aspect of cellular activity, such information eludes cell-wide studies conducted at the transcript level. Here, we analyze several mass spectrometric data sets acquired using two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, 2D-LC/MS/MS, for the sulfate reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. Our searches of the raw spectra led us to discover several post-translationally modified peptides in D. vulgaris. Of these, several peptides containing a lysine with a +42 Da modification were found reproducibly across all data sets. Both acetylation and trimethylation have the same nominal +42 Da mass, and are therefore candidates for this modification. Several spectra were identified having markers for trimethylation, while one is consistent with an acetylation. Surprisingly, these modified peptides predominantly mapped to proteins involved in sulfate respiration. Other highly expressed proteins in D. vulgaris, such as enzymes involved in electron transport and other central metabolic processes, did not contain this modification. Decoy database searches were used to control for random spectrum/sequence matches. Additional validation for these modifications was provided by alternate workflows, for example, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase gamma-subunit (DsrC) protein. MS data for DsrC in this alternate workflow also contained the +42 Da modification at the same loci. Furthermore, the DsrC homologue in another sulfate reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, also showed similar +42 Da modifications in the same pathway. Here, we discuss our methods and implications of potential trimethylation in the D. vulgaris sulfate reduction pathway.
Neurosurgical management of penetrating spinal injury

BACKGROUND Penetrating spinal injuries are the third most common cause of spinal cord injury, exceeded only by motor vehicle accidents and falls. The spinal cord can vary from complete destruction to a normal appearing cord. There remains much controversy regarding the neurosurgical management of patients who sustain penetrating injuries of the spine. METHODS Penetrating spinal injuries account for four to seven new cases of penetrating injury per million persons per annum. The initial management of penetrating spinal injury follows the principles of standard trauma care. Once the patient is hemodynamically stabilized and concomitant life-threatening injuries have been addressed, care can be directed toward the spinal injury. RESULTS A meticulous neurological examination should be performed, including individual assessment of all muscle groups and sensory dermatomes. This examination becomes the baseline with which all subsequent examinations will be compared. The radiologic examination of the patient begins after all radiographs of higher priority have been obtained. CONCLUSIONS Penetrating spinal cord injury is associated with significant morbidity. The optimal management for these patients has not been determined, however, spinal instability resulting from the initial missile injury is rare.
Spin currents, spin populations, and dielectric function of noncentrosymmetric semiconductors

In Maxwellian electrodynamics, specific properties of the responses to external fields are included in constitutive equations. For noncentrosymmetric semiconductors, spin conductivity can be expressed in terms of the contribution of electric-dipole transitions between spin-split spectrum branches to the dielectric function. In a dissipationless regime, a spin current driven by an external electric field is tantamount to a background current in an equilibrium system with a reduced symmetry. The importance of transients and gradients for efficient spin-flux injection is emphasized.
Sensor-Based Estimation and Control of Forces and Moments in Multiple Cooperative Robots

Control of multiple robots presents numerous challenges, some of which include synchronization in terms of position, motion, force, load sharing and internal force minimization. This paper presents formulation and application of a fuzzy logic based strategy for control of two 6 degree-of-freedom robots carrying an object in a cooperative mode. The paper focuses on control of internal forces that get generated when two or more robots carry an object in coordination. Force/torque (F/T) sensors mounted on wrist of each robot provide the force and torque data in six dimensions. A fuzzy logic controller has been designed to use these force/torque (F/T) data to achieve a cooperating movement in which one robot acts as leader and the other robot follows. The paper also deals with estimation of external forces acting on end effector with the use of data provided by F/T sensors. These external forces and moments are not directly measured by F/T sensor since the quantities measured by F/T sensor are corrupted by the dynamics of the end effector and manipulator (a F/T sensor is usually mounted between wrist and end effector of the robot). This paper investigates the use of Kalman filtering technique to extract the external forces acting on robot end effector utilizing the underlying dynamics of the end effector. Matlab's Fuzzy logic, Simulink, and State Flow toolboxes are used for achieving real-time, autonomous and intelligent behavior of the two robots. Simulation results from two separate experiments show that the above strategy was able to constrain the internal forces and provide a smooth movement of the manipulators.