cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
VAGARIES OF DISENCHANTMENT: GOD, MATTER, AND MAMMON IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

In the lecture “Science as a Vocation,” Max Weber gave a reckoning not only of his own scholarly life, but also of our fate in a world bereft of wonder. Self-possessed intellectuals command knowledge with authority. Yet their technical prowess also points up intractable limits. Calculation falters in securing value, whether in its moral or economic guises. If “we live as did the ancients when their world was not yet disenchanted of its gods and demons,” Weber mused, we nonetheless do so “in a different sense.” Once-knowing entities have shed their skins, to assume the mien of “impersonal forces.” These remarks assemble elements of Weber's religious sociology within a single frame, from the “this-worldly asceticism” of the Protestant ethic to portrayals of rationality as an “iron cage,” where spirits—much less the Spirit—dare not tread.
Improved labeling strategy for 13C relaxation measurements of methyl groups in proteins.

Selective incorporation of 13C into the methyl groupsof protein side chains is described as a means for simplifying themeasurement and interpretation of 13C relaxation parameters.High incorporation (>90%) is accomplished by using pyruvate(3-13C, 99%) as the sole carbon source in the growthmedia for protein overexpression in E. coli. This improved labeling schemeincreases the sensitivity of the relaxation experiments by approximatelyfivefold when compared to randomly fractionally 13C-labeledprotein, allowing high-quality measurements on relatively dilute (<1 mM)protein samples at a relatively low cost.
Mating activities of Atta texana (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Alate broods are reared without worker broods in lower cavities of nests in winter, and with worker broods in upper cavities of nests in spring. Winged adults appear in early April, but swarming does not occur until late May. Flights issue yearly from most large nests. The alate sex ratio is about 1∶1. Before swarming will occur, nest surfaces must be soaked with at least 7 mm of rain; flights continue as long as nests remain wet and temperatures exceed 16°.
Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry for Measuring Subsurface Air Gap Thickness or Contact Thermal Resistance

We apply the pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) technique [1–5] to investigate a layered structure composed of an opaque film separated from a thick substrate by an air gap of thickness δ, or more generally, by a contact thermal resistance R. The PPTR signal shape at certain delay times from the excitation pulse is found to be very sensitive to the value of δ up to a few hundred micrometers in thickness. We show how the signal shape can be deconvoluted to give δ, thus providing a quantitative nondestructive tool for delamination mapping. The present technique is also used to more generally quantify the value of R between a coating and a substrate; if we expect that R is related to adhesion strength (with R decreasing for better adhesion), the measurement of R also provides a new nondestructive detection method for adhesion strengths.
Synergism of intratracheally administered tumor necrosis factor with interleukin-1 in the induction of lung edema in rats.

Intratracheal (IT) instillation of human recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1) in rats induces an influx of neutrophils into alveolar structures and a dose-dependent increase in lung vascular permeability. We sought to determine whether increased alveolar concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) enhanced lung injury induced by intrapulmonary administration of low-dose IL-1. Rats were divided into five groups and treated with IT instillation of saline (0.1 ml) containing (1) no additional compound (controls), (2) human recombinant IL-1 (10 ng), (3) human recombinant TNF (2 μg), (4) IL-1 + TNF (10 ng + 2 μg), or (5) lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg). At 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after treatment, we counted neutrophils recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), assessed TNF activity in BAL fluid, and measured lung wet : dry weight ratio. At 3 and 6 hours after treatment, we measured levels of the lipid peroxide derivative malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung homogenates. IT instillation of LPS, IL-1, or IL-1 + TNF rapidly increased BAL neutrophil recovery, whereas recovery was not increased by TNF alone. TNF activity in BAL fluid was markedly increased by LPS, TNF, and IL-1 + TNF, with a smaller increase induced by IL-1. Instillation of TNF or IL-1 alone at these doses did not increase the lung wet :dry ratio. IT administration of LPS increased the wet :dry ratio at 6 hours only (p < 0.05), whereas IL-1 + TNF increased this ratio beginning 3 hours (p<0.01) after treatment with persistent increases through 48 hours (p < 0.05). Lung MDA content was not increased after instillation of IL-1 alone, but it was increased 6 hours after instillation of IL-1 + TNF (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that increased alveolar concentrations of TNF in rats enhance oxidant stress and the development of lung edema associated with intrapulmonary administration of IL-1.
Coagulation-Related Issues in Malignant Hematology: Diagnosis and Management

The detection and management of thrombotic and hemostatic complications in patients with hematological malignancies are integral to their care and impact their disease and treatment outcomes. Population-based studies have demonstrated that the incidence of these complications is increased severalfold in patients with cancer. This risk is further compounded by the administration of chemotherapeutic agents that impact thrombotic and hemostatic proteins (e.g., L-asparaginase), the frequent immobilization associated with the disease and its treatment, and importantly the use of indwelling intravascular catheters for venous access. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic events negatively impact overall survival in patients with cancer in many ways. Mortality can occur directly as a result of the event (e.g., massive pulmonary embolism or a massive intracranial bleed) or can occur secondary to related issues such as treatment delays and interruptions and chemotherapy dose omissions, all resulting in early disease relapses/recurrences. Increased hospital admissions, greater length of hospital stays, and increased health-care costs further compound the matter.
A selective fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity and metal chelating ability of bis(2-pyridyl)diphenylethylene

Polypyridyl ethylenes have been prepared as heterocyclic analogues of tetraphenylethylene. In addition to conventional AIE effects, a derivative possessing a 1,1-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene fragment displays Zn(2+)-selective enhanced fluorescence in aqueous solution, in contrast to the behavior of isomeric bis(3- and 4-pyridyl)ethylenes. The Zn(2+)-sensing capability of this material is attributed to formation of chelated Zn(2+)-bis(pyridyl) complexes and is supported by the X-ray crystal structure of a bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene-Zn(OAc)2 complex.
Point-of-Care Reference Materials Increase Practice Compliance With Societal Guidelines for Incidental Findings in Emergency Imaging

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an educational framework encouraging the systematic application of national societal recommendations regarding the imaging evaluation and follow-up of incidental findings (IFs) in the emergency department. Methods After institutional review board approval was received, consecutive CT and ultrasonographic examinations from the emergency department over a 2-month period were collected. Examination reports were categorized by study type and evaluated individually for the presence of IFs that fit into the following core categories: solid or subsolid pulmonary nodules, liver lesions, splenic lesions, gallbladder polyps, pancreatic cystic lesions, adrenal nodules, adnexal cysts on CT or ultrasonography, thyroid nodules (CT), and abnormal lymph nodes. Subsequently, after an educational intervention consisting of printed and electronic references, e-mail, and verbal communication detailing societal guidelines and the introduction of voice recognition macros, data were recollected in the same fashion for an additional 2-month period. Results A total of 3,131 imaging events occurred in the 2-month preintervention period, yielding 514 total incidental findings. Of these 514 findings, 67.5% were correctly managed and 32.5% were incorrectly managed according to societal recommendations. In the postintervention period, 3,793 imaging events yielded 499 total incidental findings. Of these 499 findings, 80.2% were correctly managed and 19.8% were incorrectly managed. The increased rate of reporting incidental findings in concordance with societal guidelines was statistically significant ( P Conclusions Point-of-care decision support reference materials increase radiologist compliance with societal guidelines for incidental findings. Compliance with societal guidelines improves patient care and has cost-saving implications.
EEG Laboratory Accreditation: Its Purpose and Strategy

ABSTRACT.In the 50 years since their inception, electrodiagnostic techniques in clinical neurophysiology laboratories have grown in sophistication and complexity. They now require trained technical personnel, electroencephalographers, and proper equipment to deliver reliable and useful electrodiagnostic information. The process of EEG laboratory accreditation aims at minimal criteria for competent service from such laboratories. The guidelines for the various aspects of EEG laboratory function established by the American EEG Society (AEEGS) are used for this function.
An integral model of unsteady salinity intrusion in estuaries

ABSTRACTIn this paper a model of unsteady salinity intrusion in estuaries is developed using integration of the tidally averaged salinity balance equation to yield a nonlinear, first-order differential equation for the salinity intrusion length scale, L. This equation yields changes in L that are asymmetric with respect to flow increases and decreases, showing that the response time of salinity intrusion to flow changes is dependent on L and not directly on flow. An extension of this approach to an estuary for which the area varies exponentially with distance suggests that the simpler prismatic case embodies the essential physics of the response to flow changes. Hindcasts of the response of the salinity field in Northern San Francisco Bay to flow pulses based on the simple model are in good agreement with observations, suggesting that dynamical models of the type described here may be more accurate than ones that are purely empirical.
The Cost of Retaining the Death Penalty: Some Lessons from the American Experience

The United States and South Africa stand alone as the only two western industrialized nations that retain the death penalty. In order to analyze how the death penalty, if retained, is likely to operate under a post-apartheid constitutional structure that contains a bill of rights, it will be useful to compare it with how the death penalty currently operates in the United States under a similar system. Such an examination will show two things. As in the United States, a death penalty scheme that meets the minimum requirements of a criminal justice system that protects fundamental rights of the accused will burden the entire criminal justice system by calling into question the ability of that system to guarantee a just result in judicial proceedings. Moreover such a system will exert a great cost, in terms of both judicial and other resources. The conclusion to which this analysis will lead is that any societal benefit that may come from the existence of the death penalty will be greatly outweighed by the problems and expenses that it will inevitably create.
Spirituality: A Pathway to Posttraumatic Growth or Decline?

While the psychological, social, and physical dimensions of a traumatic experience are well recognized, the spiritual dimension is often overlooked. Yet, spirituality can play a critical role in the way traumas are understood, how they are managed, and how they are ultimately resolved. Spirituality can be potentially helpful or harmful. In this chapter, we will see that spirituality can be a positive resource for posttraumatic growth (PTG) or a source of struggle that may lead to growth or decline. We will consider some of the factors that may determine whether spirituality leads ultimately to growth or decline. Finally, we will con­ clude by discussing some of the practical implications of this body of theory and research for our efforts to help people coping with major trauma. We begin by discussing the mean­ ing of spirituality and religion and their place in the context of coping with life traumas.
High altitude kite mapping: evaluation of kite aerial photography (KAP) and structure from motion digital elevation models in the Peruvian Andes

Researching glacier-melt impacted hydrology in the Andes motivates us to collect on-demand, high-resolution multispectral imagery, and digital elevation models (DEMs). While adverse conditions in t...
Arrangements for Postwar Bases in the Philippines

Prior to World War II the United States and the Philippines had agreed to eliminate almost completely United States bases in the Philippines after the granting of independence. When the Philippines became independent in 1946, however, the two countries mutually agreed that due to the effects of the war, it was necessary, to retain United States bases in the Philippines. This chapter will discuss both the pre-independence developments regarding the retention of the bases and the post-independence negotiations which led to the signing of the Military Bases Agreement of 1947.
Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) for snoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Oropharyngeal and tongue exercises (myofunctional therapy) have been shown to improve obstructive sleep apnea. However, to our knowledge, a systematic review has not been performed for snoring. The study objective is to perform a systematic review, with a meta-analysis, dedicated to snoring outcomes after myofunctional therapy. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and three other databases were searched through November 25, 2017. Two authors independently searched the literature. Eligibility (1) patients: children or adults with snoring, (2) intervention: oropharyngeal and/or tongue exercises, (3) comparison: pre and post-treatment data for snoring, (4) outcomes: snoring frequency and snoring intensity, (5) study design: publications of all study designs. Results A total of 483 articles were screened, 56 were downloaded in their full text form, and nine studies reported outcomes related to snoring. There were a total of 211 patients (all adults) in these studies. The snoring intensity was reduced by 51% in 80 patients from pre-therapy to post-therapy visual analog scale values of 8.2 ± 2.1 (95% CI 7.7, 8.7) to 4.0 ± 3.7 (95% CI 3.2, 4.8). Berlin questionnaire snoring intensity reduced by 36% in 34 patients from 2.5 ± 1.0 (95% CI 2.2, 2.8) to 1.6 ± 0.8 (95% CI 1.3, 1.9). Finally, time spent snoring during sleep was reduced by 31% in 60 patients from 26.3 ± 18.7% (95% CI 21.6, 31.0) to 18.1 ± 20.5% (95% CI 12.9, 23.3) of total sleep time. Conclusions This systematic review demonstrated that myofunctional therapy has reduced snoring in adults based on both subjective questionnaires and objective sleep studies.
Financial analysis of companies concerned about human rights

Consumer demand for low prices juxtaposing with a company's need for profitability drives corporations to minimise the costs of goods within their supply chains. This has led some unethical business managers to engage in human exploitation within company supply chains. However, consumers also demand that human rights are not violated in the making of the goods they buy. Thus, corporations are being held accountable for monitoring human rights within their supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to examine the financial performance of Fortune 500 companies that have shown concern over human rights within their supply chains. Since there is a financial cost in safeguarding human rights within supply chains, this paper seeks to determine if companies concerned about human rights suffer financial loss. The 92 concerned companies in the sample, compared to the average company in top industries, were found to have some significantly different financial performance ratios.
A Theoretical Framework for Aligning Project Management with Business Strategy

This study addresses two aspects of a topic under-researched in the strategic management literature: the alignment of project management and business strategy. Two areas of this alignment were stud...
Synthesis of novel di-Se-containing thymidine and Se-DNAs for structure and function studies

The selenium derivatization of nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes has provided a powerful tool to solve phase problem in X-ray crystallography. Selenium atoms in the nucleotides can serve as fine scattering centers in crystal diffraction. Towards the synthesis of multiple selenium atom-containing nucleotides, which offers strong phasing power to facilitate crystal structure determination, we report here the synthesis of the thymidine analogue containing two Se atoms in one nucleobase. The novel Se-containing nucleoside and oligonucleotide DNAs were synthesized and found with the red-shifted UV spectrum and yellow color. Their unique properties are useful in phase determination, nucleic acid-based detection as well as spectroscopic studies of nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes.
Pulmonary Manifestations in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

Pulmonary signs and symptoms occur frequently in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and are counted as major or minor criteria for the various proposed MCTD classification criteria. MCTD patients may have a variety of different pulmonary manifestations, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) being the most severe. Indeed, these pulmonary complications account for the majority of deaths among MCTD patients. A multidisciplinary approach to define clinical and serological features and a comprehensive battery of diagnostic tests can usually define the presence and extent of pulmonary disease in the MCTD patient. There is a paucity of data on treatment of ILD and PAH in MCTD patients, much of which is extrapolated from studies of patients with other connective tissue diseases, e.g., systemic sclerosis.
Constructing a Fuzzy Rule System from Examples

A general framework to construct fuzzy rule systems automatically from given examples is proposed in this paper. The objective is to generate fuzzy systems with good mapping ability and generalization ability as well. The procedure consists of five steps. Cluster analysis of data is used for initial fuzzy region partitions. Resolution to rule conflict is included in the fuzzy defuzzification method. Inductive learning algorithm is incorporated to enhance generalization ability of fuzzy systems. System performance is iteratively improved by further partitioning fuzzy regions. Ineffective attributes can be implicated by the tree structure resulting from the learning algorithm and eliminated without deteriorating system performance. Several experiments are conducted to show advantages of this framework.
Computational Analysis for a Mathematical Model of the Mechanics of Aneurysm Development and Rupture

This paper in honor of Professor Calixto P. Calderon focuses on the computational analysis of a mathematical model describing the mechanics of aneurysm development and rupture potentials of aneurysms contained within a cylindrical region of blood vessels. We described the transformation of the membrane from pseudoelastic isotropic material behavior to anisotropic material behavior as an explanation for an aneurysm potential to rupture. The results presented can be used to improve noninvasive means for predicting aneurysm rupture, treatment and management decisions after rupture.
A Few Words on Kanchan Chopra’s Role in the Early Years of the International Society for Ecological Economics

Kanchan Chopra attended early meetings of the ISEE, led the formation of the InSEE in 1998, and brought a strong contingent of Indian ecological economists to the ISEE meeting in 2000. She has been a strong and effective voice for the South in the ISEE.
Sulfonamide-Trapping Reactions of Thermally Generated Benzynes

Reactions of tethered, tertiary sulfonamides with thermally generated benzynes are reported. Typically, the N–S bonds in the substrates cleave, and saturated heterocycles [tetrahydroquinolines (n = 2) and indolines (n = 1)] are formed. The process is accompanied by either sulfonyl transfer or desulfonylation from a zwitterionic intermediate, with the favored pathway being largely dependent upon the size (5- vs 6-membered) of the N-containing ring in the zwitterion.
Quasimesenchymal phenotype predicts systemic metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Metastasis following surgical resection is a leading cause of mortality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is thought to play an important role in metastasis, although its clinical relevance in metastasis remains uncertain. We evaluated a panel of RNA in-situ hybridization probes for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes expressed in circulating tumor cells. We assessed the predictive value of this panel for metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and, to determine if the phenotype is generalizable between cancers, in colonic adenocarcinoma. One hundred fifty-eight pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 205 colonic adenocarcinomas were classified as epithelial or quasimesenchymal phenotype using dual colorimetric RNA-in-situ hybridization. SMAD4 expression on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with quasimesenchymal phenotype had a significantly shorter disease-specific survival (P = 0.031) and metastasis-free survival (P = 0.0001) than those with an epithelial phenotype. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with SMAD4 loss also had lower disease-specific survival (P = 0.041) and metastasis-free survival (P = 0.001) than those with intact SMAD4. However, the quasimesenchymal phenotype proved a more robust predictor of metastases—area under the curve for quasimesenchymal = 0.8; SMAD4 = 0.6. The quasimesenchymal phenotype also predicted metastasis-free survival (P = 0.004) in colonic adenocarcinoma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition defined two phenotypes with distinct metastatic capabilities—epithelial phenotype tumors with predominantly organ-confined disease and quasimesenchymal phenotype with high risk of metastatic disease in two epithelial malignancies. Collectively, this work validates the relevance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human gastrointestinal tumors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Non-Aqueous [TcXM-PW11O39]n– with M = O, N: Comparing TcV and TcVI in Metal Oxide Matrices

Author(s): Burton-Pye, BP; Dembowski, M; Lukens, WW; Cruz, A; Althour, A; Lopez, GE; Salcedo, R; Gallagher, CMB; McGregor, D; Francesconi, LC | Abstract: Technetium-99, a prevalent by-product of the nuclear fuel cycle, is a transition metal with 9 accessible oxidation states and a half-life of 2.1 × 105 years. 99TcVII has been found in the environment surrounding National Lab sites and fuel reprocessing centers, and its separation and long-term storage is complicated by its extensive redox chemistry. In our prior work we have reported the synthesis and reduction of TcVO to TcIVO in α1- and α2-Wells–Dawson P2W17O6110– polyoxometalates and reported on the polyoxometalate features that promote reduction and stabilization. In this work we report on the oxidation state stabilization of TcVO, TcVIO and TcVIN within the α-Keggin PW11O397– polyoxometalate. Both Density Functional Theory and experimental results show that Tc in TBA4[TcVIN-PW11O39] can be reduced to TcV, but any subsequent electrons reduce the tungsten framework of the polyoxometalate. TBA4[TcVO-PW11O39] however, can be theoretically reduced down to TcI before reduction of the polyoxometalate occurs.
A persistent case of mistaken identity: Charles A. Walckenaer's collection of spider drawings by John Abbot is in Paris, not London

A series of spider drawings and accompanying notes by the naturalist John Abbot (1751–c.1840) served as the basis of many new taxa described by Charles A. Walckenaer. Since the late nineteenth century, researchers have wrongly associated these drawings with Abbot's watercolors of Georgia spiders (and some Opiliones) held at The Natural History Museum, London. In reality, the drawings and notes consulted by Walckenaer are deposited at the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris. Six letters preserved with these drawings, dated 1802–1821, corroborate their provenance as published by Walckenaer. This mistaken identity stems from Abbot's practice of duplicating his artwork and written observations. It has yet to be determined how the differences between these collections of drawings will impact species synonymies as they relate to Walckenaer's taxa. One example involves the original concept of Sphasus vittatusWalckenaer, 1837.
The clinical study on etiology and diagnostic procedures of hemoptysis in children

Objective The purpose of the study was to investigate the causes of hemoptysis and explore the diagnostic procedures for hemoptysis in children. Methods The medical records of 42 children with hemoptysis admitted to the Respiratory Department of Hunan Children's Hospital from June 2012 to June 2015 were collected by a retrospective study.The causes of hemoptysis were classified by pathogenesis, and the diagnosis of hemoptysis was evaluated in this study.The final diagnosis was divided into clear diagnosis and the cause was unknown. Results A total of 41(97.6%) cases were diagnosed, 1(2.4%) case was not diagnosed.In 42 cases of hemoptysis, infection was the main cause of the disease, including 8(19.0%) cases of pneumonia and 5(11.9%) cases of bronchitis, and the following causes were bronchial artery fistula(10/42, 23.8%), idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis(8/42, 19.0%), bronchiectasis(5/42, 11.9%), pulmonary vascular malformation with pulmonary hypertension(3/42, 7.2%), pulmonary tuberculosis(2.4%), bronchial foreign body(1/42, 2.4%) respectively.Thirteen cases of respiratory tract infection, and 5 cases of bronchiectasis were diagnosed by chest CT, 10 cases with pulmonary artery fistula were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography, 8 cases of pulmonary hemosiderosis, 1 case of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 1 case with bronchial foreign body were diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Three cases of pulmonary vascular malformation and pulmonary hypertension were diagnosed by row helical CT angiography and cardiac color ultrasound. Conclusion Hemoptysis in children is a heterogeneous group of respiratory disorders.Most causes could be identified by using the diagnostic procedures.Other factors, including medical history, CT, fiber bronchoscopy, multidetector CT angiography, cardiac color ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography, play important roles in the diagnosis of hemoptysis in children. Key words: Hemoptysis; Diagnostic procedure; Children
Types of Leadership and How to Use Them in Surgical Areas

Surgery is a very complex, changing, and, sometimes, threatening environment. Emotional intelligence is a key skill for surgical leaders. Authoritarian, hierarchical, transactional, transformational, adaptive, situational, and servant-shepherd leadership can all be used in surgical leadership. Patient care must be the priority for surgical leaders.
Unemployment insurance generosity and crime

Previous studies show that unemployment has a positive effect on crime rates; however, unemployment insurance (UI) benefits could mitigate these effects. Using county-level unemployment and crime d...
Little Known Facts of Plant Lipid Metabolism

Discovery of the galactosylglycerols in wheat flour lipids by Herb Carter and his colleagues (Carter et al., 1956, 1961) engendered interest in the membrane lipid components of our diets. Being major components of chloroplasts (Benson et al., 1959) their remarkable linolenate component stimulated concern for their membrane-lipoprotein interactions and for the evolutionary relationships of such structures. Most of these questions remain unexplored.
Scholar-Based Initiatives in Publishing

Presentation de 5 initiatives de communication et de publications ouvertes : BioMedCentral, DSpace, Organic Eprints, the Public Library of Science (PLoS) et SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalitation).
Collaboration Structures in COVID-19 Critical Care: Retrospective Network Analysis Study

Background: Few intensive care unit (ICU) staffing studies have examined the collaboration structures of health care workers (HCWs). Knowledge about how HCWs are connected to the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 is important for characterizing the relationships among team structures, care quality, and patient safety. Objective: We aimed to discover differences in the teamwork structures of COVID-19 critical care by comparing HCW collaborations in the management of critically ill patients with and without COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective study, we used network analysis methods to analyze the electronic health records (EHRs) of 76 critically ill patients (with COVID-19: n=38; without COVID-19: n=38) who were admitted to a large academic medical center, and to learn about HCW collaboration. We used the EHRs of adult patients who were admitted to the COVID-19 ICU at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee, United States) between March 17, 2020, and May 31, 2020. We matched each patient according to age, gender, and their length of stay. Patients without COVID-19 were admitted to the medical ICU between December 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020. We used two sociometrics—eigencentrality and betweenness—to quantify HCWs’ statuses in networks. Eigencentrality characterizes the degree to which an HCW is a core person in collaboration structures. Betweenness centrality refers to whether an HCW lies on the path of other HCWs who are not directly connected. This sociometric was used to characterize HCWs’ broad skill sets. We measured patient staffing intensity in terms of the number of HCWs who interacted with patients’ EHRs. We assessed the statistical differences in the core and betweenness statuses of HCWs and the patient staffing intensities of COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 critical care, by using Mann-Whitney U tests and reporting 95% CIs. Results: HCWs in COVID-19 critical care were more likely to frequently work with each other (eigencentrality: median 0.096) than those in non–COVID-19 critical care (eigencentrality: median 0.057; P<.001). Internal medicine physicians in COVID-19 critical care had higher core statuses than those in non–COVID-19 critical care (P=.001). Nurse practitioners in COVID-19 care had higher betweenness statuses than those in non–COVID-19 care (P<.001). Compared to HCWs in non–COVID-19 settings, the EHRs of critically ill patients with COVID-19 were used by a larger number of internal medicine nurse practitioners (P<.001), cardiovascular nurses (P<.001), and surgical ICU nurses (P=.002) and a smaller number of resident physicians (P<.001). Conclusions: Network analysis methodologies and data on EHR use provide a novel method for learning about differences in collaboration structures between COVID-19 and non–COVID-19 critical care. Health care organizations can use this information to learn about the novel changes that the COVID-19 pandemic has imposed on collaboration structures in urgent care.
Real-time Streaming of Gait Assessment for Parkinson's Disease

Patients with progressive neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) suffer both chronic and episodic difficulties with locomotion. Real-time assessment and visualization of sensor data can be valuable to physicians monitoring the progression of these conditions. We present a system that utilizes the attention based bi-directional recurrent neural network (RNN) presented in [2] to evaluate foot pressure sensor data streamed directly from a pair of sensors attached to a patient. The demonstration also supports indirect streaming from recorded sessions, such as those stored in a FHIR [1] enabled electronic medical records repository, for post-hoc evaluation and comparison of a patient's gait over time. The system evaluates and visualizes the streamed gait in a real time web interface to provide a personalized normality rating that highlights the strengths and weaknesses of a patient's gait.
Architecture, Design, and Mathematics

It's rare to have the opportunity to design a new synagogue. Employing low discrepancy sequences in the design is unique.
Hypothalamic and Cell-Specific Transcriptomes Unravel a Dynamic Neuropil Remodeling in Leptin-Induced and Typical Pubertal Transition

Epidemiological and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown high correlation between childhood obesity and advance in puberty. Early age at menarche is associated with a series of morbidities, including breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The adipocyte hormone leptin signals the amount of fat stores to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis via direct actions in the brain. Using mouse genetics, we and others have identified the hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus (PMv) and the agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) as the primary targets of leptin action in pubertal maturation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin’s effects remain unknown. Here we assessed changes in the PMv and Arc transcriptional program during leptin-stimulated and typical pubertal development using overlapping analysis of bulk RNAseq, TRAPseq and the published database. Our findings demonstrate that dynamic somatodendritic remodeling and extracellular space organization underlie leptin-induced and typical pubertal maturation in mice.
IEEE WMED 2021 Keynote Address Memory Technology: Past and Future

Technology advancements and technology adoption is accelerating at an amazing pace. We are living in an exciting time, a time in which the world is generating a massive amount of data and artificial intelligence is being deployed at scale to gather intelligence and insight from data. We’ll take a look back at technology of the past and then examine current state-of the art technology with a focus on mobile devices, artificial intelligence, the 4G to 5G transition, and automotive technology. The intent is to understand the factors driving increased demand for advanced computer memory, storage and accelerator solutions and ultimately, to imagine the future of memory technology.
Neurogenic Flare Response following Image-Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Mouse Peripheral Nervous System in Vivo.

Abstract Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been used to non-invasively elicit or inhibit motor neuronal activity in the mouse peripheral nervous system in vivo. However, less is known about whether FUS elicits immune system responses associated with peripheral sensory neuronal activity. In this study, we sought to determine that non-invasive ultrasound image-guided FUS can elicit the neurogenic axon reflex of peripheral nerves in the mouse sciatic nerve. The local vasodilation in the plantar view of the hind paw detected with a high-resolution laser Doppler imager indicated neurogenic flare responses after FUS stimulation. The effects of FUS were compared with control groups, where a distinct pattern of blood flow changes was observed only in FUS-elicited neurogenic flare responses. The findings indicate that image-guided FUS elicits local axon reflexes in vivo with a high degree of specificity and penetration depth.
Teaching Teams: The Roles of Lead Teachers, Teaching Assistants, and Curriculum Demand in Pre-kindergarten Instruction

Teaching assistants are a common presence in pre-kindergarten programs, but their role and the dynamics between lead teachers and their assistants are understudied. The classroom behaviors of lead teachers and assistants from 80 public prekindergarten classrooms were examined for similarities and differences in their roles and to determine how they functioned as teams. Lead teachers spent more of their time instructing and worked more often with the whole class. Assistants working in classrooms with a demanding curriculum spent more time instructing than assistants in less demanding classrooms. Latent class analysis of behavior patterns suggests that the adults adopt similar rather than complementary roles. Two groups of teaching teams emerged: one with both teachers and assistants spending time more time on instruction, and a second with both teachers and assistants spending more time on management. Despite lower pay and credentials, assistant teachers contributed in substantive ways to the instruction in these classrooms. It appears that the lead teacher likely determines how the team functions. Helping teachers know how to establish a well-functioning team should be part of early childhood training. Additionally, consideration to be given to offering direct and ongoing professional development to assistants.
Effect of L-carnitine and soybean oil on growth performance and body composition of early-weaned pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition of early-weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 120 weanling pigs (initially 5.6 kg and 19 +/- 2 d of age) were allotted in a 3 x 2 factorial with four pigs per pen and five replications (pens) per treatment. Main effects from d 0 to 14 after weaning included dietary L-carnitine (0, 500, or 1,000 ppm) and soybean oil (0 to 10%). From d 14 to 35 after weaning, levels were reduced to 0, 250, or 500 ppm L-carnitine and 0 or 5% soybean oil. No L-carnitine x soybean oil interactions were observed (P > .10). From d 0 to 14, L-carnitine and soybean oil had no effect (P > .10) on pig performance. From d 14 to 35 and d 0 to 35, gain:feed ratio (G/F) improved (linear, P .10) by dietary L-carnitine. However, pigs fed 1,000 ppm L-carnitine from d 0 to 14 had less (P < .05) carcass lipid and daily lipid accretion on d 35 whether they were fed L-carnitine from d 14 to 35 or not. These results suggest that dietary L-carnitine improves G/F and reduces carcass lipid accretion in early-weaned pigs.
Tri-n-octylphosphine sulfide:

Tri-n-octylphosphine sulfide (TOPS) has been investigated as the stationary phase in reversed-phase partition paper Chromatographie separations using nitric or hydrochloric acids as the mobile phase. TOPS has also been studied as an extractant for metal ions. Silver, mercury (II), and palladium (II) were found to have RF values of zero when nitric acid was used as the mobile phase. These same ions were also selectively extracted from aqueous nitric acid solutions. Gold(III), mercury(II), palladium (II), and platinum (IV) were found to have RF values of zero when hydrochloric acid was used as the mobile phase. However, only gold(III) and mercury(II) were extracted from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions in liquid-liquid extraction systems. Several separations were successfully performed from 1 M nitric acid.
From anemia to cerebellar dysfunction

The focus of this review is on the ankyrin gene family, key elements in the interaction of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton with the plasma membrane in a variety of tissues and multicellular organisms. The structure/function relationships of ankyrin molecules are reviewed, illustrating how these proteins are uniquely suited to serve as adaptors between the membrane skeleton and a number of integral membrane proteins. Advances in the understanding of ankyrin biology in the brain are discussed and used to show how ankyrins may be involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of specialized plasma membrane domains. Finally, recent research in hematological and neurological disorders are reviewed, suggesting that ankyrins have a role in the development of human disease.
Intergenerational Equity and the Forest Management Problem

The paper re-examines the foundations of representation of intertemporal preferences that satisfy intergenerational equity, and provides an axiomatic characterization of those social welfare relations, which are representable by the utilitarian ordering, in ranking consumption sequences which are eventually identical. A maximal point of this ordering is characterized in a standard model of forest management. Maximal paths are shown to converge over time to the forest with the maximum sustained yield, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the tradition in forest management, which has emphasized the goal of maximum sustained yield. Further, it is seen that a maximal point coincides with the optimal point according to the well-known overtaking criterion. This result indicates that the more restrictive overtaking criterion is inessential for a study of forest management under intergenerational equity, and provides a more satisfactory basis for the standard forestry model.
Transcarotid balloon valvuloplasty in neonates and small infants with critical aortic valve stenosis utilizing continuous transesophageal echocardiographic guidance: A 22 year single center experience from the cath lab to the bedside.

Objective Utilization of continuous transesophageal echocardiographic guidance (cTEE) during transcarotid balloon valvuloplasty (TCBV) in neonates and small infants with critical aortic valve stenosis (AS) allows for continuous hemodynamic assessment and improved outcomes. Background Preferred method of intervention for critical AS remains controversial due to conflicting results. Methods Since 1992, 30 neonates and small infants with critical AS and adequate left ventricular (LV) volumes underwent TCBV with cTEE. Critical AS was defined as ductal dependent systemic circulation, LV systolic dysfunction, or an echo gradient ≥100 mm Hg with evidence of hypoperfusion. Results The median age at intervention was 4 days (range 1–54 days). Nineteen (63%) patients required PGE1 and 25 (85%) had LV dysfunction. All procedures were performed with cTEE guidance. The initial 15 patients were performed in the cath lab whereas the subsequent 15 patients were performed at the bedside without fluoroscopy. The peak systolic gradient decreased from 70 to 24 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Four (13%) early deaths were secondary to associated cardiac anomalies although one patient developed severe aortic valve insufficiency (AI) immediately post intervention. At discharge, two patients (8%) had ≥ moderate AI. At a mean follow-up of 9 years (range: 2.2–20 years), there were 15 additional aortic valve interventions. Freedom from aortic valve reintervention at 10 years was 55% and actuarial survival rate at 10 and 15 years was 82%. Conclusion Bedsides TCBV with cTEE guidance is effective palliation for neonates and small infants with critical AS and allows for continuous hemodynamic assessment without the use of ionizing radiation. Our early and late results appear comparable to surgical valvotomy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High performance computing of compressor rotating stall and stall control

The performance of gas turbine engines is limited by compressor stall. Stall control technologies developed recently have demonstrated the effectiveness of steady tip injection to increase the stable operating range of high-speed axial and centrifugal compressors. To help understand the fluid mechanic processes of stall, and how stall is mitigated by the stall control technology to achieve increased compressor operability, two of the most challenging problems of gas turbine engines, high performance parallel computing is applied to simulate flows in stall. This paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm to conduct such large-scale simulations. Simulations of the rotating stall of a full-annulus axial compressor stage and the tip injection to extend its operating range are demonstrated. Similar simulations were obtained for a centrifugal compressor stage. The simulations demonstrate a new capability to model rotating stall and tip injection flow control.
American Media Concentration Trends in Global Context: A Comparative Analysis

This paper would report the conclusion of a multi-year, 30-country project on media concentration around the world. Authors in these countries have followed a common methodology and developed extensive analyses of their countries, for 13 media/telecom/internet industries. This was unprecedented for many countries on their own, let alone for a global comparative study. We now have both horizontal cross-country observations as well as vertical time series, with company-specific market shares and revenue figures, cross-media ownership, cross-border ownership, and state ownership. In the process, we have developed an extensive data base ready for exploration.In the past, I have provided intermediate results. We are soon able to report findings and conclusions.Choosing among the many results, I propose to focus on the relative trends of the U.S. and contrasting it with the trends of the other countries. This will enable us to identify where the U.S. developments follow general trends, thus less likely to be containable by government policies, and where the U.S. is moving differently. I will analyze econometrically various explanatory variables. This will assist in identifying policy directions that might be effective. I will also be able to analyze the trends in cross-border ownerships, overall national concentrations (using a new type of aggregate index), and several other issues.
Incorporation of methionine-derived methyl groups into sirohaem by Escherichia coli

Abstract Sirohaem is a new type of haem that has been detected as a prosthetic group of several bacterial and plant enzymes that catalyse the six-electron reductions of sulphite to sulphide or of nitrite to NH3. When a methionine-requiring mutant of Escherichia coli K12 was grown on a minimal medium supplemented with d-glucose and l-[Me-3H]methionine, 2.4 methyl groups per spectrophotometrically detectable haem group were incorporated into the sirohaem prosthetic group of the NADPH–sulphite reductase isolated from the organism. When the same strain of cells was grown on minimal medium supplemented with d-[U-14C]glucose and l-[Me-3H]methionine, the sirohaem isolated was found to contain a ratio of glucose-derived carbon/methionine-derived methyl of 19.8. This ratio is in excellent agreement with the value of 20 predicted by the iron–dimethyl-urotetrahydroporphyrin structure for sirohaem proposed by Murphy, Siegel, Kamin & Rosenthal [(1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 2801–2814]. It can be concluded that sirohaem is indeed methylated, with the methyl groups derived from methionine (rather than by modification of existing side chains, as in protohaem). The structure proposed by Murphy et al. (1973) is therefore probably correct in its essential features. A possible relationship between the pathway for biosynthesis of sirohaem and that for synthesis of vitamin B12 is discussed.