cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection Performance of Wireless Magnetometers at Signalized Intersection and Railroad Grade Crossing Under Various Weather Conditions

The performance of wireless magnetometers for vehicle detection was evaluated under favorable and adverse weather conditions at two sites: (a) a signalized intersection with stop bar and advance detection zones and (b) a railroad grade crossing, as a potential backup system to control the operation of gates. Loop detectors and magnetometers were installed at the same locations, providing similar detection areas. Discrepancies between activations from loops and magnetometers provided pointers to potential errors in the systems, and video images were used to verify them visually. At the signalized intersection, the most common type of detection error by the magnetometers in the stop bar zones was a false call caused by vehicles in the adjacent lane, with 5.6% to 7.6% error per lane in favorable weather and 7.7% to 15.4% in winter conditions. At the advance zones the most frequent error in all weather conditions was a missed call caused by vehicles traveling between two lanes, ranging from 2.9% to 9.7% in th...
Isoenzymatic Polymorphism Differentiation of Turkish Grapevine Cultivars by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACTIn this research isoenzymatic activity of Catechol oxidase (CO), Esterase (EST) and Peroxidase(PER) was studied in young leaves of 29 Turkish grape cultivars. Catechol oxidase, peroxidase and esterase isoenzyme banding patterns of 29 cultivars made it possible to distinguish between 29 Turkish grape cultivars. It was conculuded that all of the three enzyme systems provided the most usefull data as it was possible to distinguish all 29 grape cultivars.
The ameloblastoma: primary, curative surgical management.

The epithelial odontogenic tumor, ameloblastoma, is a neoplasm of the jaws whose surgical management represents a prototype for the treatment of jaw tumors in general. This notwithstanding, numerous methods of treating this tumor have been proposed in the literature that have served as a source of information and disinformation for surgeons internationally. Earlier reports fail to consider the classification of the ameloblastoma in case series recommending a variety of surgical modes of therapy, while more recent recommendations fail to agree on the biologic behavior of the neoplasm. 1 The end result has been polarization of the specialty regarding 2 diametrically opposed categories of treatment, incorrectly termed “conservative” and “radical.” It is our opinion that each of these terms is inaccurate. We believe conservative therapy to be an oxymoron, as it has never been proved that conservative surgery is therapy with any chance of cure. In addition, radical is too strong a word to describe a curative resection for this aggressive neoplasm. While our specialty is divided on the issue of which type of surgery is better, it is our experience that patients may be cured when a scientific approach is followed with regard to the linear and anatomic barrier margins associated with a segmental or marginal resection of this tumor, whose soft and hard tissue margins in the specimen are determined to be histopathologically negative. The literature has referred to this method of treatment as “radical.” 2 The management of the ameloblastoma by more conservative measures such as enucleation, enucleation and curettage, surgical excision and peripheral ostectomy, and enucleation with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy has a more unpredictable course with a far lower rate of cure. Cure should clearly be the primary objective of all tumor surgeries of the oral and maxillofacial region, and should be the goal from the outset. To this end, studies document the failure of conservative surgeries for the ameloblastoma and also point to the lack of uniform success of radical surgeries in salvaging these failures. 3 These observations form the basis of this controversy in the literature. One consistently concerning aspect of articles advocating so-called “conservative” therapy for the solid or multicystic ameloblastoma is the amount of
Current concepts in the management of biologic and chemical warfare causalities

It can occurwhen a person breathes in Yersinia particles, although suchnaturallyoccurringpneumonicplagueisuncommon;usually,itis the sequel of untreated bubonic plague. Symptoms includeshortness of breath, chest pain, and hemoptysis.ToisolateYersinia,advancedknowledgeandtechnologyare needed. For individual patients, identiﬁcation of the bac-teriumisfromcultureanalysis.Inaddition,arapiddipsticktestcan identify the Yersinia antigen.
Flame Tests: Which Ion Causes the Color?

The purpose of this Activity is to determine which of the ions in a series of ionic compounds (the cation or the anion) is responsible for the colors in a simple flame test. Students will perform flame test experiments using cotton swabs and a Bunsen burner for ten commercially-available ionic compounds. A molecular compound that produces a flame test color is also included. This Activity introduces students to flame test techniques in an inquiry-based manner. Instead of telling students the metal cation in an ionic compound is usually responsible for the flame test colors observed in lab, students are asked to determine whether it is usually the cation or the anion that is responsible for the colors. This Activity is also useful in teaching students the importance of controlling variables and making meaningful comparisons.
The crystallization of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite in the presence of magnesium ions

Abstract Alkaline earth cations present in biological fluids and in natural waters may play an important role in regulating the formation of calcium phosphate solid phases. The kinetics of crystallization of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and fluorapatite (FAP) has been investigated under constant composition conditions in which the supersaturation was maintained constant during the crystallization reactions. Magnesium ions markedly retard the rates of precipitation of both HAP and FAP and the fractional reduction in rate constant can be interpreted in terms of the blocking of active growth sites through adsorption of magnesium ions at the crystal surfaces. During crystallization, the magnesium ions are excluded from the crystal lattices and their adsorption at the surface may be interpreted in terms of a Langmuir isotherm.
Pathophysiological basis of drug-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease

Drug-induced dyskinesias (DID) represent a troublesome, dose-limiting, and common complication of long-term pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The pathophysiological basis and clinical nature of DID is of major interest for clinicians and neuroscientists. In this review article, we evaluate the theories of pathophysiology and molecular basis of DID, validity of various animal models used in DID related research, and electrophysiological characteristics of various basal ganglia nuclei during DID. We also discuss the relevance of various treatment strategies to the pathophysiological mechanisms.
Molecular Design of Single-Site Metal Alkoxide Catalyst Precursors for Ring-Opening Polymerization Reactions Leading to Polyoxygenates. 1. Polylactide Formation by Achiral and Chiral Magnesium and Zinc Alkoxides, (η3-L)MOR, Where L = Trispyrazolyl- and Trisindazolylborate Ligands

Single-site achiral and chiral C3-symmetric complexes LMOR, where M = Mg and Zn, L = an η3-trispyrazolyl- or η3-trisindazolyl-borate ligand and R = Et, tBu, Ph, or SiMe3, have been synthesized and employed in the ring-opening polymerization of l-, rac-, and meso-lactide in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C and below. The polymerization occurs by acyl cleavage and gives rise to polylactide, PLA, with PDI of 1.1−1.25 up to 90% conversion. Studies of the kinetics of polymerization reveal first order behavior in both lactide and metal catalyst. For L = tris(3-tert-butylpyrazolyl)borate, (tBupz)3BH, polymerization of ∼500 equiv of l-lactide proceeds to 90% conversion within 1 h and 6 d for the magnesium and zinc catalysts, respectively. The zinc complexes are, however, more tolerant to air and moisture and solid samples where R = SiMe3 are persistent in air for several days. The rate of polymerization is also significantly influenced by the nature of the η3-L spectator ligand. Chiral C3-symmetric catalysts, where L = tris(indaz...
Sociological Studies of American Blacks

The paper reviews sociological work dealing with American Blacks. In the past five decades three themes have largely dominated the work; (1) a description and documentation of Black disadvantage within American Life; (2) an attack upon racist notions of Black biological inferiority; and (3) an interpretation of Black disadvantages as derived from White prejudice and discrimination. The work has been largely static and non-processual in character, derived largely from the structure-function model of society. The paper calls for the employment of multiple models and for emphasis upon a dynamic, processual model of social life. The concepts of network and field appear to offer much promise.
Virtual Reality Visual Data Mining via Neural Networks obtained from Multi-objective Evolutionary Optimization: Application to Geophysical Prospecting

A method for the construction of virtual reality spaces for visual data mining using multi-objective optimization with genetic algorithms on non-linear discriminant (NDA) neural networks is presented. Two neural network layers (output and last hidden) are used for the construction of simultaneous solutions for: a supervised classification of data patterns and an unsupervised similarity structure preservation between the original data matrix and its image in the new space. A set of spaces are constructed from selected solutions along the Pareto front. This strategy represents a conceptual improvement over spaces computed by single-objective optimization. In addition, genetic programming (in particular gene expression programming) is used for finding analytic representations of the complex mappings generating the spaces (a composition of NDA and orthogonal principal components). The presented approach is domain independent and is illustrated via application to the geophysical prospecting of caves.
A scalable approach for reliable downstream data delivery in wireless sensor networks

There exist several applications of sensor networks wherere liability of data delivery can be critical. While the redundancy inherent in a sensor network might increase the degree of reliability, it by no means can provide any guaranteed reliability semantics. In this paper, we consider the problem of reliable sink-to-sensors data delivery. We first identify several fundamental challenges that need to be addressed, and are unique to a wireless sensor network environment. We then propose a scalable framework for reliable downstream data delivery that is specifically designed to both address and leverage the characteristics of a wireless sensor network, while achieving the reliability in an efficient manner. Through ns2 based simulations, we evaluate the proposed framework.
Patient Barriers to Mammography Identified During a Reminder Program

Abstract Background: Patient mammogram reminders are effective at increasing screening, but patient barriers remain. We evaluated patient characteristics and reported barriers for their association with mammogram completion after a reminder program. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from electronic records and a subgroup survey. Participants were female Kaiser Permanente Northwest health maintenance organization (HMO) members aged 50–69 who were 20 months past their last mammogram (index date) and had received a reminder intervention (n = 4708). A mailed survey was completed by 340 of 667 (50.2%) women who received it. The intervention was a “mammogram due soon” postcard 20 months after the last mammogram, followed by up to two automated phone calls and one live call for nonresponders. The outcome was mammogram completion at 10 months after index date. Results: Characteristics associated with lower mammogram completion rates were aged <60 (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, p < 0.0001), health plan me...
Retrospective Information on Health Status and its application for Population Health Measures

Healthy life expectancies are almost always calculated by using health data from cross-sectional surveys. This type of calculation is done partly because data from longitudinal surveys are not always available, and when they are available, they are collected at intervals that are longer than one year. In such cases, collecting health information retrospectively for the years skipped by the survey is useful. The main purpose of this paper is to show how retrospective health information can be used to estimate life expectancies in different health states. Healthy life expectancies are estimated with and without using data on retrospective health information, and the corresponding estimates are compared. The two sets of estimates are similar. We conclude that retrospectively assessed health information based on a one-year recall period can be used to estimate years of life in various health states and that estimates based on such information will closely approximate estimates based on concurrent health information.
Global Patterns of Tissue-Specific Alternative Polyadenylation in Drosophila

We analyzed the usage and consequences of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) in Drosophila melanogaster by using >1 billion reads of stranded mRNA-seq across a variety of dissected tissues. Beyond demonstrating that a majority of fly transcripts are subject to APA, we observed broad trends for 3' untranslated region (UTR) shortening in the testis and lengthening in the central nervous system (CNS); the latter included hundreds of unannotated extensions ranging up to 18 kb. Extensive northern analyses validated the accumulation of full-length neural extended transcripts, and in situ hybridization indicated their spatial restriction to the CNS. Genes encoding RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and transcription factors were preferentially subject to 3' UTR extensions. Motif analysis indicated enrichment of miRNA and RBP sites in the neural extensions, and their termini were enriched in canonical cis elements that promote cleavage and polyadenylation. Altogether, we reveal broad tissue-specific patterns of APA in Drosophila and transcripts with unprecedented 3' UTR length in the nervous system.
Silica Micro-encapsulation: A Technology for the Elimination of the Environmental Impact of Cutting Discharges

A new approach is required in order to eliminate the environmental impact of the discharge of cuttings contaminated with invert emulsion drilling fluids. Up to now, much emphasis has been given to the inherent environmental characteristics of the fluids themselves (toxicity, biodegradability, etc.) but little or no attention has been dedicated to the mechanisms of environmental impact The main mechanism of impact of the discharge of drilled cuttings is the organic enrichment of the marine sediment. Organic enrichment is a situation derived from the accumulation of organic matter in concentrations exceeding the processing capacity of the receiving environment (the oxygen demand exceeds the supply). Silica Micro-Encapsulation will eliminate the possibility of organic enrichment as well as the direct toxic effects of the fluids coating the discharged cuttings. Once the oil attached to the cuttings is encapsulated, the cuttings become water wetted, which leads to their dispersion in the water column (as it is the case with water based mud cuttings). The dispersion of the cuttings will minimize the load of fluid in the sediment. In addition, the encapsulated oil is not bio-available, therefore these cuttings will not have an oxygen demand which will prevent the organic enrichment.
The Politics of Meaning: Scientism, Literarism, and the New Humanism

The social sciences and humanities bring different attitudes and methods to the problem of meaning. From the “scientismic” point of view, meaning is quantifiable and is largely what Tulving called “verbal” knowledge. The scientismic view, however, is flawed in three ways: its failure to account adequately for “episodic” knowledge, to view language as an event, and to understand modes. The literarist view of meaning is equally flawed. However, the scientismists have most of the political power; hence, the literarists are losing the battle for their set of values and their versions of literacy. A realignment of literary studies under the aegis of rhetoric is necessary.
Deep jets on gas-giant planets

Abstract Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the atmospheric flow on giant planets using the primitive equations show that shallow thermal forcing confined to pressures near the cloud tops can produce deep zonal winds from the tropopause all the way down to the bottom of the atmosphere. These deep winds can attain speeds comparable to the zonal jet speeds within the shallow, forced layer; they are pumped by Coriolis acceleration acting on a deep meridional circulation driven by the shallow-layer eddies. In the forced layer, the flow reaches an approximate steady state where east–west eddy accelerations balance Coriolis accelerations acting on the meridional flow. Under Jupiter-like conditions, our simulations produce 25 to 30 zonal jets, similar to the number of jets observed on Jupiter and Saturn. The simulated jet widths correspond to the Rhines scale; this suggests that, despite the three-dimensional nature of the dynamics, the baroclinic eddies energize a quasi-two-dimensional inverse cascade modified by the β effect (where β is the gradient of the Coriolis parameter). In agreement with Jupiter, the jets can violate the barotropic and Charney–Stern stability criteria, achieving curvatures ∂ 2 u / ∂ y 2 of the zonal wind u with northward distance y up to 2β. The simulations exhibit a tendency toward neutral stability with respect to Arnol'd's second stability theorem in the upper troposphere, as has been suggested for Jupiter, although deviations from neutrality exist. When the temperature varies strongly with latitude near the equator, our simulations can also reproduce the stable equatorial superrotation with wind speeds greater than 100 m s −1 . Diagnostics show that barotropic eddies at low latitudes drive the equatorial superrotation. The simulations also broadly explain the distribution of jet-pumping eddies observed on Jupiter and Saturn. While idealized, these simulations therefore capture many aspects of the cloud-level flows on Jupiter and Saturn.
An Analysis of Alternative Grain Distribution Systems

A transshipment plant location model is used to determine the number, size, and location of new subterminals, expansions in storage capacity of existing country elevators, the rail network, and the monthly flows of grain from origins to elevators to destinations to maximize joint net revenue of grain producers within a 6 1/2-county region. A grain transportation system having fewer rail lines would increase joint net revenue. Country elevators incapable of loading multiple-car trains would be used as storage facilities and transship much of their grain to market through subterminals. Total net revenue varied by 1% or 2% over a wide range of rail abandonment plans.
The Possibilities with Paradexity

This manuscript explores Howard's concept of paradexity: a convergence of paradox and complexity. Emerging paradigms of paradexity are explored including the emotional economy, sense making, time expansion, and communities of interest. Parse's theory of humanbecoming is presented as a theoretical basis to guide nursing in transcending the challenges of paradexity and cocreating a futuristic role for nursing.
Crafting Personalized Facial Avatars Using Editable Portrait and Photograph Example

Computer-generated facial avatars have been increasingly used in a variety of virtual reality applications. Emulating the real-world face sculpting process, we present an interactive system to intuitively craft personalized 3D facial avatars by using 3D portrait editing and image example-based painting techniques. Starting from a default 3D face portrait, users can conveniently perform intuitive "pulling" operations on its 3D surface to sculpt the 3D face shape towards any individual. To automatically maintain the faceness of the 3D face being crafted, novel facial anthropometry constraints and a reduced face description space are incorporated into the crafting algorithms dynamically. Once the 3D face geometry is crafted, this system can automatically generate a face texture for the crafted model using an image example-based painting algorithm. Our user studies showed that with this system, users are able to craft a personalized 3D facial avatar efficiently on average within one minute.
Collaboration in Evaluation and Management of Primates

Copyright: © 2013 Rothschild B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Collaborations are typically initiated when one of the parties recognizes that they either lack the skills or the experience to address a challenge in explaining and managing an aspect of primate behavior or health. It also requires identification of the appropriate partner who is knowledgeable and experienced in a field at least tangential to the problem. Tangential infers that the partner has experience/knowledge with and of the behavior/health issue, but not necessarily in the same species or that they have problem solving skills, documented across phylogenetic lines. This is not to say that such experience/education cannot be pursued in isolation without collaboration, but that approach is very time expensive, no longer even required for those in pursuit of advanced academic degrees and subject to semantic limitations [1]. Human and veterinary medicine have a shared vocabulary, often quite disparate in meaning, and this statement is no less true across other fields of endeavor.
Effect of selection for development rate on reproductive onset in female mice.

This research reports analyses of correlated response in reproductive onset in ICR mice after 23 generations of restricted index selection for divergent body weight gain, early (birth–10 days) or later (28–56 days) in life. Long-term selection altered growth trajectories and 56 day body weight of individuals under different selection regimes in this study. Mice in lines under early selection have the same percentage mature weight at vaginal opening as controls (63%). Vaginal opening is delayed in mice selected for slow early growth, which take longer to reach what appears to be a weight threshold. In contrast, individuals in lines selected for later slow growth undergo vaginal opening at the same age as controls, but at a lower weight and increased percentage mature weight. Pre-compensation or ‘counter-balance growth’ is observed in these lines, with mice selected for late enhanced growth reaching 52% of mature weight at vaginal opening while mice with late slow growth attain 71% of mature weight prior to vaginal opening. Only 42% of mice with late slow growth attain first oestrus by 56 days. We speculate this is a function of growth rate and fat/lean ratio. Mice with early slow growth show compensatory growth, reaching first oestrus at a similar time to controls. We conclude that selection for growth rate has asymmetrically affected reproductive onset, with lines selected for suppressed gains experiencing delays in the reproductive onset traits measured.
Effective use of EMC analysis tools in the automotive product development process

The pressures of today's markets cause suppliers of automotive electronics to find better ways of developing products. The use of analysis is a highly effective way to bring compliant product to the market place, en time. A workflow is proposed to guide an engineering team through the arduous task of developing a product with often fewer resources and time available than ever before. Predictive analysis provides the ability to create 'virtual' board iterations, saving tune, and costs of development. Additionally, analysis is effective at creating product 'blueprints' and making them available for later design re-use.
Demographics, Trends, and Outcomes in Pediatric Acute Myocarditis in the United States, 2006 to 2011

Background—There is a lack of clear diagnostic and management guidelines for acute myocarditis in the pediatric population. We used a multi-institutional database to characterize demographics, practice variability, and outcomes in this population. Methods and Results—Patients with acute myocarditis (n=514) were identified from April 2006 to March 2011 using the Pediatric Health Information System database, and regional variations in management and outcomes were analyzed. Ninety-seven patients (18.9%) received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 22 (4.3%) received ventricular assist device, 21 (4.1%) received heart transplantation, and 37 (7.2%) died. Of the 104 patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or ventricular assist device, 17 (16.3%) had heart transplantation, 25 (24%) died, and 62 (59.6%) showed recovery of myocardial function. There was a decrease in the use of endomyocardial biopsy (P=0.03) and an increase in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (P<0.01) over the study period...
A comparison of resonant converters operating with a double-layer capacitor source

Double-layer capacitors, with their high energy storage capability, may be utilized to supply peak power requirements in systems such as electric vehicles. As energy is drawn from a bank of double-layer capacitors, the voltage at the terminals of the capacitor bank decreases. Seventy-five percent of the initial energy stored in the capacitor bank can be utilized if the voltage is allowed to decrease to one-half of its initial value. The capacitor bank can be augmented with a DC-DC power converter to present a constant voltage to an external system as the capacitor bank voltage decreases. Discussed in this paper is a comparison of three basic resonant DC-DC power converter circuits when used as the converter with such a capacitor bank. Simple equivalent circuits are developed for each converter using a single frequency approximation of the various converter waveforms. Expressions for the voltage gain and the phase angle of the input current for each converter are derived from these equivalent circuits and plotted as a function of frequency. Issues related to the selection and design of a converter for this application are discussed.
Cell Cycle Synchrony in Giardia intestinalis Cultures Achieved by Using Nocodazole and Aphidicolin

Giardia intestinalis is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite and has been proposed to represent the earliest diverging lineage of extant eukaryotes. Despite the importance of Giardia as a model organism, research on Giardia has been hampered by an inability to achieve cell cycle synchrony for in vitro cultures. This report details successful methods for attaining cell cycle synchrony in Giardia cultures. The research presented here demonstrates reversible cell cycle arrest in G1/S and G2/M with aphidicolin and nocodazole, respectively. Following synchronization, cells were able to recover completely from drug treatment and remained viable and maintained synchronous growth for 6 h. These techniques were used to synchronize Giardia cultures to increase the percentages of mitotic spindles in the cultures. This method of synchronization will enhance our ability to study cell cycle-dependent processes in G. intestinalis.
Presidential Primaries--Reflections of "The People's Choice"?

R recent years have brought an amplification of the voices favoring Presidential primaries, advocates of which base their argument on the empirically untested assumptions that those who vote in primaries are sufficiently large in number and diverse in political interest to represent the preferences of Republicans and Democrats across the nation. Indeed, James W. Davis argues that primaries already have become "a form of 'plebiscitarian democracy' . . . [and that for the out-party] the national party conventions are becoming ratifying bodies that approve the popular national choice as expressed in the presidential primaries."' Davis's thesis that primaries determine the out-party's nominee, i.e., that they are instruments of direct democracy, has been challenged effectively elsewhere But his contention that presidential primaries reflect "the popular national choice" has not received systematic attention. The purpose here is to measure the extent to which primaries reflect popular choice by conjoining two criteria of popular choice with primary election data relevant to them. The component "popular" in "popular choice" clearly connotes participation by large numbers of people. The amount of choice available to a primary electorate depends upon the number of serious presidential candidates in the primary, the presence or absence of important issues in the primary campaign, and the extent to which candidates join, or oppose, each other on the issues.3 It is
Acoustic scattering by an air-bubble near the sea surfaceacoustic scattering by an air-bubble near the sea surface

Sound scattering by and air bubble in a boundless fluid is an old classical problem (19). If the air bubble is near and strongly interacting with the (flat) surface of a liquid half-space, then the scattering cross section (SCS) of the bubble differs substantially from its value far-away from the interface. We present the exact solution for this scattering problem which is valid for any incidence direction of the (plane) sound waves, and for any bubble depth, obtained by the general method of images. The bubble is no longer assumed to be a point simple, harmonic, radially pulsating oscillator, but is described as a continuous, spatially extended body, having an infinity of modes and resonances. The interaction with the boundary, or the image is not treated by means of the simple Lloy's mirror formula for point source ( or scatterers), but by a general extended continuum approach, This benchmark solution makes use of the addition theorems for the spherical wavefunctions. The resulting SCS contains contributions from the bubble, its image, the invident wave, and the reflected wave from the boundary. It is expressed in terms of coupling coefficients, bmn, products of Wigner-3j simbols. The formulations in illustrated with many computed plots for bubbles at various depths, and the results compare favorably with earlier experimental observations. The approach also serves to describe scattering by fish near the sea surface, in an exact fashion. Acoustic scattering by near-surface bubbles also has many other applications such as in the improvement of the performance of sensor that must operate through hubby media, and in the understanding of its connection with approaches to model oceanic fluxes.
Promoting Cooperation Between Corporate Social Responsibility And Inter-Organizational Relationships

Although the fields of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Relationship Exchange have both significantly developed over the last quarter century, their content and concepts have largely remained independent. This study seeks to integrate the two streams of research by proposing an antecedent role for CSR with respect to stimulating collaborative agreements between firms and suppliers. Here we investigate the relationship between CSR and relationship exchange through a mediated model, which includes three specific factors: trust, reputation and network resources. We propose that it is through these factors that CSR influences the willingness of both partners to initiate collaborative, long-term exchanges.
Social Structure and the Emergence of Norms among Rational Actors

Anatol Rapoport has been a major contributor to the application of game theory to problems in the social sciences. One of his lesser-heralded accomplishments is his submitting the winning entries for two tournaments based on an iterated prisoner’s dilemma game, organized by Robert Axelrod (1984). This work led Axelrod into the study of how cooperative strategies might evolve in populations of interacting individuals in an incentive structure that allowed exploitation of the other, and the strategy employed by Rapoport in his winning entries played an important role in Axelrod’s development of these ideas.
Increased bacterial load can reduce or negate the effects of keystone individuals on group collective behaviour

In many societies certain individuals play a central role in the execution of collective behaviours and group success, termed ‘keystone individuals’. To date, most studies on keystone individuals have focused on their mere presence/absence and have failed to consider how their influence changes as a function of their condition or recent experiences. Here we explore how the influence of putative keystone individuals on group collective behaviour changes as a function of recent increases in cuticular bacterial load. In the spider Stegodyphus dumicola, individuals that exhibit the greatest ‘boldness’ are important determinants of colony foraging behaviour and success. We topically exposed individual spiders that varied in their boldness to a combination of naturally occurring cuticular bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis, Microbacterium oxydans, Pantoea sp.) known to be harmful to S. dumicola, and then tracked the effects that this exposure had on their colonies' foraging and web-building behaviour. We found that colonies with unexposed keystones attacked prey more quickly and with more attackers than colonies in which the keystone was exposed to bacteria. Moreover, the relationship between keystone individuals' boldness and colonies' attack speed differed based on whether or not the keystone was recently exposed. The number of spiders that participated in nightly web building was greater in colonies containing unexposed keystones than in colonies lacking a keystone, whereas colonies containing recently exposed keystones deployed an intermediate number of individuals. This trend, however, disappeared after the second night of observation. Together, our results suggest that a group's collective behaviour can be altered based on a single individual's recent experience with microbes.
Observations on the Growth of the Gonococcus and the Staphylococcus Albus from the Urethra in Plate Culture (A Criticism of Warden's Work)

The identity of some well known bacteria is being doubted by progressive bacteriologists. Variations in the so-called "characteristic properties," which serve as criteria in the differentiation of bacteria, suggest the possibility that our predecessors have confused bacteriologic terminology by assigning names to many variations of a few bacteria, when growing in widely dissimilar environment. Much valuable knowledge will undoubtedly be obtained by a review of the subject of bacteriology in the new light. Yet this must be done with care. The Gram stain, a variable quantity in itself, and the elusive phantom, morphology, cannot give conclusive evidence that two bacteria, heretofore considered different, are the same, as has been contended in Warden's publications of last year, which we are about to discuss. Warden,' in his studies of the gonococcus and the staphylococcus albus from the urethra, concludes that "Many, if not all, of the gramnegative, intracellular, biscuitor coffee-bean shaped cocci, observed in the purulent discharge in acute gonorrhea, which are regarded as gonococci, and which serve as criteria of diagnosis, are not gonococci, but belong to the staphylococcus group. The provisional name of Staphylococcus urethrae is suggested for this coccus." As a basis for this conclusion, Warden cites his observations on the Gram staining properties of the staphylococcus albus, obtained from urethral pus: (1) when grown on the usual media in pure culture and in mixed culture with the gonococcus; (2) when within leukocytes, in phagocytosis experiments made to obtain intracellular organisms, and (3) when in colonies. Pure cultures of the staphylococcus albus and gonococcus were grown on plate culture media spread in thin films on microscopic slides which permitted staining and study of colonies in situ.
Ti3C2 MXene as a High Capacity Electrode Material for Metal (Li, Na, K, Ca) Ion Batteries

Two-dimensional (2-D) materials are capable of handling high rates of charge in batteries since metal ions do not need to diffuse in a 3-D lattice structure. However, graphene, which is the most well-studied 2-D material, is known to have no Li capacity. Here, adsorption of Li, as well as Na, K, and Ca, on Ti3C2, one representative MXene, is predicted by first-principles density functional calculations. In our study, we observed that these alkali atoms exhibit different adsorption energies depending on the coverage. The adsorption energies of Na, K, and Ca decrease as coverage increases, while Li shows little sensitivity to variance in coverage. This observed relationship between adsorption energies and coverage of alkali ions on Ti3C2 can be explained by their effective ionic radii. A larger effective ionic radius increases interaction between alkali atoms, thus lower coverage is obtained. Our calculated capacities for Li, Na, K, and Ca on Ti3C2 are 447.8, 351.8, 191.8, and 319.8 mAh/g, respectively. Com...
Implant therapy for a patient with Down syndrome and oral habits: A clinical report

This clinical report describes prosthodontic therapy with an implant-supported partial fixed dental prosthesis for a patient with Down syndrome and concomitant oral habits, including tongue thrusting and thumb sucking.
Service Learning for Sustainability: A Tale of Two Projects☆

Abstract Service learning is a mechanism used in engineering and construction curricula as a means of engaging students in interesting and complex problems that benefit the community while providing an opportunity to develop competencies that will be essential in professional practice. Such projects are particularly effective in exposing students to issues otherwise difficult to teach in a classroom setting, including critical resource constraints and tactics to overcome them, tradeoffs among possible solution alternatives, integration of systems, and the human and organizational challenges of design and implementation. However, the risks and challenges involved in integrating these projects within classes and managing student involvement lead them to be underutilized in many curricula. This paper describes experiences with two separate community-based service learning projects undertaken as part of a joint undergraduate-graduate class on sustainable facility systems at Virginia Tech. While projects were initially designed to be of similar scope and difficulty, the outcomes were dramatically different from a project management and implementation standpoint, and learning outcomes for students were also different. Lessons learned are presented for the benefit of others considering expanded service learning as part of coursework on sustainability in engineering and construction curricula.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing throws descriptive 3‐D genome folding studies for a loop

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing studies have recently shed new light into the causal link between the linear DNA sequence and 3-D chromatin architecture. Here we describe current models for the folding of genomes into a nested hierarchy of higher-order structures and discuss new insights into the organizing principles governing genome folding at each length scale. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:286–299. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1338 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Smoking Cessation and Changes in Body Mass Index Among Middle Aged and Older Adults.

Objective: This study contributes to the body of literature examining smoking cessation and body mass index (BMI) for adults aged 50 and older. Method: Utilizing the 2004 and 2010 waves of the RAND...
Some Experiments in Mining Named Entity Transliteration Pairs from Comparable Corpora

Parallel Named Entity pairs are important resources in several NLP tasks, such as, CLIR and MT systems. Further, such pairs may also be used for training transliteration systems, if they are transliterations of each other. In this paper, we profile the performance of a mining methodology in mining parallel named entity transliteration pairs in English and an Indian language, Tamil, leveraging linguistic tools in English, and article-aligned comparable corpora in the two languages. We adopt a methodology parallel to that of [Klementiev and Roth, 2006], but we focus instead on mining parallel named entity transliteration pairs, using a well-trained linear classifier to identify transliteration pairs. We profile the performance at several operating parameters of our algorithm and present the results that show the potential of the approach in mining transliterations pairs; in addition, we uncover a host of issues that need to be resolved, for effective mining of parallel named entity transliteration pairs.
Students with Disabilities in Higher Education: A Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research

In this chapter, we describe the current state of theory and research related to the higher education experiences of students with disabilities. It begins with a review of the legal and theoretical frameworks that shape perceptions and social understandings of disability, and influence the educational experiences of students with disabilities. We next review recent empirical studies in order to describe access trajectories, college experiences, and college outcomes for students with disabilities. Building from this discussion, the theoretical and methodological perspectives most frequently employed in research focused on students with disabilities are described. The chapter then discusses the modifications that could be made to three major higher education conceptual models—Weidman’s (1989) conceptual model of undergraduate socialization; Perna’s (2006) conceptual model of college choice; and Hurtado, Alvarez, Guillermo-Wann, Cuellar, and Arellano’s (2012) Multicontextual Model for Diverse Learning Environments— to take into account the experiences of students with disabilities:. We conclude the chapter with recommendations regarding topics and strategies for future scholarly work.
Flight path and altitude tracking control of an impaired nonlinear generic transport model (GTM) aircraft with elevator jam failures

In this paper, a challenging control system design problem is considered to mitigate the aircraft safety threat posted by elevator jam anywhere within the feasible level flight trim region. A new fixed linear servomechanism-based tracking controller with a nonlinear parameter adaptation was designed to achieve stability, maintain a level flight, and perform accurate altitude tracking for an impaired GTM aircraft with elevator jam failure at any position within the feasible trim region.
Evidence of leptospirosis in the kidneys and serum of feral swine ( Sus scrofa ) in the United States

Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in humans worldwide. In the United States, widespread detection of antibodies to leptospirosis have been identified in feral swine (Sus scrofa) with the highest detection of serovars, Bratislava, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Over the past few years, feral swine populations have expanded their geographical range and distribution in the United States with reports in at least 39 of 50 states. Since feral swine serve as reservoirs for serovars that can infect humans, it is important to understand the risk of transmission. In order to learn more about the probability that feral swine shed infectious leptospires, we collected kidneys and paired serum when possible from 677 feral swine in 124 counties of 29 states. These counties had previously been identified as antibody positive for Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae or Pomona. Although exposure to these same six serovars of leptospirosis continued to be high (53% overall) in the counties we sampled, we detected leptospiral DNA in only 3·4% of feral swine kidneys tested. Based on these results, it appears that although feral swine can serve as a source of infection to humans, especially in those who are more likely to encounter them directly such as wildlife biologists, veterinarians, and hunters, the risk may be relatively low. However, further studies to examine the relationship between leptospiral shedding in the urine and kidneys in addition to culturing the organism are recommended in order to better understand the risk associated with feral swine.
Käte Hamburger, Die Logik der Dichtung. Zweite, stark veränderte Auflage: Stuttgart: Ernst Klett Verlag, 1968. Pp. 284

(1970). Kate Hamburger, Die Logik der Dichtung. Zweite, stark veranderte Auflage. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 65-67.
Endangered species on federal lands. Panel: Part III, The Bureau of Land Management's endangered species program

It is the responsibility of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to conserve plants and animals... and the habitat on which they depend... which are officially listed according to federal or state laws in categories that imply significant potential for extinction. The BLM also provides for the conservation of the habitats of unlisted extinction-prone (i.e., sensitive) plants and animals. It also applies to all BLM programs and actions related to the public lands, the federal subsurface mineral estate, and the submerged lands of the Outer Continental Shelf (OSC).
The physical explanation of TDDB power law lifetime model through oxygen vacancy trap investigations in HKMG NMOS FinFET devices

In this paper, the physical explanation of the time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) power law lifetime model is successfully interpreted through the analysis of oxide trap generation in HK/IL gate stack in NMOS-FinFET technology. The experiments are performed using the stress induced leakage current (SILC) spectrum methodology. It is found that the TDDB power law model has a strong correlation to deep trap generation. Shallow traps, on the other hand, play a role in the increase of SILC behavior and also promote further deep trap formation during the gate oxide degradation. In addition, temperature dependent and recovery voltage dependent TTDB studies reveal that, the deep trap generation is responsible for the permanent damage and the formation of percolation path during the gate oxide degradation. Through the oxygen trap study, the physics of TDDB power law lifetime model can be successfully explained.
Edge-augmented Fourier partial sums with applications to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Certain applications such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) require the reconstruction of functions from Fourier spectral data. When the underlying functions are piecewise-smooth, standard Fourier approximation methods suffer from the Gibbs phenomenon – with associated oscillatory artifacts in the vicinity of edges and an overall reduced order of convergence in the approximation. This paper proposes an edge-augmented Fourier reconstruction procedure which uses only the first few Fourier coefficients of an underlying piecewise-smooth function to accurately estimate jump information and then incorporate it into a Fourier partial sum approximation. We provide both theoretical and empirical results showing the improved accuracy of the proposed method, as well as comparisons demonstrating superior performance over existing state-of-the-art sparse optimization-based methods.