cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex Compliance Investigations

Whether it is a financial institution like Wells Fargo, an automotive company like General Motors, a transportation company like Uber, or a religious organization like the Catholic Church, failing to properly prevent, detect, investigate, and remediate misconduct within an organization’s ranks can have devastating results. The importance of the compliance function is accepted within corporations, but the reality is that all types of organizations—private or public—must ensure their members comply with legal and regulatory mandates, industry standards, and internal norms and expectations. They must police thousands of members’ compliance with hundreds of laws. And when compliance failures occur at these complex organizations they can be significant and widespread in both scope and associated harms. Yet, careful examination and assessment reveals that many of the most significant and damning scandals occurring within organizations of late were entirely avoidable. Research within the field of corporate governance focuses on how firms are structured, because those structures can result in better decisionmaking within the firm. Structure refers to the manner of separating the work in an organization into subunits and dividing the control of and responsibilities for the work. The field of compliance relies heavily on these insights from corporate governance, which has led to a focus on what organizational structures will lead to compliance programs likely to prevent and detect misconduct within firms. When it comes time to investigate potential incidents of misconduct and determine whether they are material events, however, complex organizations must go beyond issues related to the best manner in which to structure a compliance program. Instead, this Article argues that firms must focus on process-based reforms—or the actions, practices, and routines firms employ to communicate and analyze information—that will bolster a firm’s “Complex Compliance Investigations” and act as a safety net when compliance programs fail to detect or appropriately respond to misconduct within firms.
Prevalence of Active Syphilis Infection and Risk Factors among HIV-Positive MSM in Zhejiang, China in 2015: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of active syphilis infection and explore the risk factors for active syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive men who had sex with men (MSM) in Zhejiang Province, 2015. Design: Data on HIV-positive MSM living in Zhejiang Province were obtained from the National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS) reporting system and the Zhejiang provincial AIDS/STD surveillance system between June and December 2015. The information included risky behavior, years with diagnosed HIV, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). SPSS 19.0 was used for the data analysis. Results: The analysis included 3616 MSM. Of these, 11.3% (407/3616) had active syphilis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HAART was significantly associated with an increased risk of active syphilis infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.760, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.187–2.611). Compared with participants diagnosed with HIV for 5 years had a higher risk of active syphilis infection (OR = 1.707, 95% CI 1.167–2.495). Age and number of sex partners were also independent risk factors for active syphilis infection. Conclusions: The incidence of active syphilis infection is high among HIV-positive MSM in Zhejiang Province; age, number of sex partners, years with diagnosed HIV, and receiving HAART were risk factors. Patients who are elderly, have lived with HIV for a longer period, have more sex partners, and receive HAART should be the focus of interventions to promote changes in behavior and decrease syphilis infection.
Analyses of quasi-isotropic composite plates under quasi-static point loads simulating low-velocity impact phenomena

In thin composite laminates, the first level of visible damage occurs in the back face and is called back face spalling. A plate-membrane coupling model, and a finite element model to analyze the large deformation behavior of eight-ply quasi-isotropic circular composite plates under impact type point loads are developed. The back face spalling phenomenon in thin composite plates is explained by using the plate-membrane coupling model and the finite element model in conjunction with the fracture mechanics principles. The experimental results verifying these models are presented. Several conclusions concerning the deformation behavior are reached and discussed in detail.
The Impact of Inhaled Ambient Ultrafine Particulate Matter on Developing Brain: Potential Importance of Elemental Contaminants:

Epidemiological studies report associations between air pollution (AP) exposures and several neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, attention deficit disorder, and cognitive delays. Our studies in mice of postnatal (human third trimester brain equivalent) exposures to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles (CAPs) provide biological plausibility for these associations, producing numerous neuropathological and behavioral features of these disorders, including male-biased vulnerability. These findings raise questions about the specific components of AP that underlie its neurotoxicity, which our studies suggest could involve trace elements as candidate neurotoxicants. X-ray fluorescence analyses of CAP chamber filters confirm contamination of AP exposures by multiple elements, including iron (Fe) and sulfur (S). Correspondingly, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry of brains of male mice indicates marked postexposure elevations of Fe and S and other elements. Elevations of brain Fe and S in particular are consistent with potential ferroptotic, oxidative stress, and altered antioxidant capacity-based mechanisms of CAPs-induced neurotoxicity, supported by observations of increased serum oxidized glutathione and increased neuronal cell death in nucleus accumbens with no corresponding significant increase in caspase-3, in male brains following postnatal CAP exposures. Understanding the role of trace element contaminants of particulate matter AP as a source of neurotoxicity is critical for public health protection.
We Still Aren’t Certain What We’re Doing: Reflections on the Complexities of Psychological Science and Intersubjective Epistemology

I suggest that Mascolo and Kallio make an excellent case for the intersubjective foundation of science but that the implications of their position are not limited to psychology. First, the process ...
Synchrony, leadership, and association in male Indo‐pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)

Male Indo‐pacific bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Western Australia, have converged with humans in the formation of nested male alliances and the use of synchrony in alliance behavior. Further, the strength of association among allied male dolphins varies and the stability of alliances correlates with the rate that males consort with estrus females (and is thus a possible indicator of dominance). To examine the possibility that synchrony reflects alliance association strength and dominance relationships, we analyzed videotapes from focal follows of two groups of males that reflect the range of alliance size and the strength of association between individuals in the population. We examined two variables: leadership during synchronous behaviors, based on which animal in a synchronously surfacing pair surfaced first, and the degree of synchrony, based on temporal differences in synchronous surfacing. We predicted that closer associates would exhibit a greater degree of synchrony and that one dolphin in a dyad would consistently lead. Contrary to our predictions, the degree of synchrony was inversely related to strength of association within alliances. This surprising result suggests that individuals with less secure bonds may strive more to achieve synchrony. We found no evidence of leadership during synchronous surfacing or between synchrony and other behavioral variables. Proximate mechanisms for synchronous behavior, such as entrainment and mutual motor imitation (“the mirror game” paradigm), may inhibit leadership in this context. Our results show that synchrony during surfacing is not a useful behavior to examine for dominance relationships in wild dolphins but it may be a useful tool to examine variation in alliance relationships.
Age-Related Considerations in Cardio-Oncology:

Cardio-Oncology has blossomed as a new field in cardiovascular medicine, in large part due to new therapies, which may have cardiovascular sequelae. Despite this, anthracyclines still serve as cornerstone therapy for most pediatric cancers, several solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Cardiotoxicity is the main limiting concern with anthracyclines, and this is particularly an issue in patients in extremes of age (both young and old patients). Pediatric hearts are susceptible for cardiotoxicity, while in older patients, concomitant risk factors may contribute to lower threshold for cardiotoxic effects. With increasing patient survival, a significant increase in elderly cancer patients and long-term cardiotoxicity effects of anthracyclines, a better mechanistic understanding of age-dependent processes-that define cardiotoxicity-is needed. This review sheds light on how age affects underlying molecular pathways of anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity and aims to provide preventive strategies that can be used in clinical practice.
Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease is an important pediatric disease, with as many as 25% of cases presenting during childhood. In this article, we review the types, etiology epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. We also highlight the unique aspects of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease versus adult-onset and future directions in this field, such as the use of genetic studies and ultrasound for the management of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Anticancer Therapy in COViD-19 Patients: A Descriptive Literature Review.

Objective To provide a descriptive literature review about the effects of anticancer treatment on clinical outcomes because of active COVID-19 infection in older people. Data sources A literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Articles published in English between December 1, 2019, to September 1, 2020, were included. Study selection Nine studies assessing the effectiveness of various modalities for cancer treatments in patients infected with COVID-19 infection were reviewed. The studies reviewed the severity of COVID-19 infection outcomes in patients who underwent any anticancer treatment. Studies exclusively focused on older people could not be found, but all studies included older people. DATA SYNTHESiS AND RESULTS: Early pandemic studies suggested avoiding anticancer treatment during a COVID-19 infection because of poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. However, the totality of studies reviewed found no association between the continuation of anticancer treatment and adverse COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients. Adverse COVID-19 infection outcomes and high mortality rates were associated with older cancer patients independent of anticancer therapy. Conclusion Treatment of cancer could be challenging because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interruption or delaying the anticancer therapy could increase the burden of overall mortality. This literature review indicated that adverse outcomes because of COVID-19 are associated with advanced age independent of anticancer therapy. Further exploration of the correlation between cancer, anticancer treatments, and COVID-19 infection outcomes is needed.
Leveraging the Fire Fighter Cancer Cohort Study: Evaluating the association of PFAS exposures with COVID-19 symptoms and antibody response

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Exposure to per- or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is associated with reduced immune response, but its effect on COVID-19 is not well understood. METHODS: Firefighters are oc...
The Seychelles Blue Bond: Good for Business and the Planet

In this seminal primer re the Seychelles blue bond, Karin Kemper, Global Director for Environment, Natural Resources and Blue Economy, World Bank, looks at the crossroads where fixed income issuance, long-term investment and development finance intersect. With help from the World Bank and HRH The Prince of Wales’ International Sustainability Unit, the Seychelles government has issued the world’s first sovereign ‘blue bond’, a groundbreaking financial innovation designed to support sustainable marine assets which has drawn interest from institutional investors.
Going On from Observation

Conflict in the Cosmos Fred Hoyle's Life in Science by Simon Mitton Joseph Henry, Washington, DC, 2005. 398 pp. $27.95, C$37.95. ISBN 0-309-09313-9. Fred Hoyle A Life in Science Aurum, London, 2005. 320 pp. £18.99. ISBN 1-85410-961-8. S ir Fred Hoyle will be remembered as the British scientist
Neural Network Structure for Process Control using Direct and Inverse Process Model

This paper presents a neural network structure that can be used for process control. The proposed structure consists of two feed forward neural networks. One network learns the dynamics of the process to be controlled and the other network learns the inverse dynamics of the neural network process model. The motivation behind this algorithm is that the process gradients which are unknown are learned by the process model estimated by the neural network. The process gradients or some estimates of them are needed for the neural network to learn the inverse dynamics of the process. The output of the inverse dynamic model is the control action that drives the controlled process to desired reference level. The learning methodology that is used for both networks is supervised learning using Davidon's Least Squares minimization technique. The performance of the proposed neural network control structure is tested on a dynamical second order simulated process.
High growth rate LPE from a solution in laminar flow: I. Theory☆

Abstract A new method of LPE growth is proposed, utilizing a solution in laminar flow parallel to the surface of the substrate. With this configuration a very thin solute depletion layer is maintained at the growth interface and the resulting concentration gradients and epitaxial growth rates are high in comparison to conventional LPE methods. Equations for the fluid flow, heat and mass transport aspects of the method are developed and applied to the growth of GaAs at 800°C as an example. The high growth rates of this technique have possible application in the volume production of epitaxial semiconductor devices, particularly photovoltaic cells.
Middle East, Business Ethics in the

The Middle East can legitimately claim to be a source of the earliest thinking about ethical conduct in business activity. However, the current status of business ethics in the Middle East is checkered: efforts to advance standards have been uneven, and surveys reveal a gap between principles and practices. This article reviews the Islamic roots of norms and rules for the conduct of business, the current business landscape, and recent efforts to improve standards of corporate governance and business ethics in the region. Keywords: business ethics; finance; globalization; Islam; Middle East; religion; oil
Tate cohomology lowers chromatic Bousfield classes

Let G be a finite group. We use the results of (5) to show that the Tate homology of E(n) local spectra with respect to G produces E(ni1) local spectra. We also show that the Bousfield class of the Tate homology of LnX (for X finite) is the same as that of Lni1X. To be precise, recall that Tate homology is a functor from G-spectra to G-spectra. To produce a functor PG from spectra to spectra, we look at a spectrum as a naive G-spectrum on which G acts trivially, apply Tate homol- ogy, and take G-fixed points. This composite is the functor we shall actually study, and we'll prove that hPG(LnX)i = hLni1Xi when X is finite. When G = §p, the symmetric group on p letters, this is related to a conjecture of Hopkins and Mahowald (usually framed in terms of Mahowald's functor RPi1(i)).
Child abuse: a different point of view.

Woolley and Evans1 were among the first to report a series of children in whom abuse at the hands of adults led to serious bodily harm in the child. Since their paper, other authors2,3 have contributed articles attesting to this sad and ever present threat to the well-being of youngsters. Child abuse, in a very subtle form, is encountered almost daily by the Pediatric Allergist when he sees children suffering from severe allergic rhinitis or asthma, in whom environmental allergens, such as household pets, play a prominent role.
Forensic Evaluation in Americans with Disabilities Act Cases

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) came into effect in the early 1990s. The legislation was developed to provide disabled people with legal remedies to address discrimination and to require reasonable accommodation for disabilities in many aspects of daily life. The ADA also provides psychologists with opportunities for evaluation and consultation related to litigation. However, the ADA presents the inquiring professional with a daunting array of definitions and regulations. A goal of this chapter is to address the considerable ADA literature in the context of a practical forensic approach. The chapter introduces the reader to some general information about disability in the workplace and how the ADA fits into existing disability systems. The second section reviews mental disabilities under the ADA. The third section will deal with how psychologists may work with employers to accommodate workers with disabilities. The fourth section will examine litigation-related psychological evaluations and how psychologists may assist the court in determining damages in cases of discrimination and failure to provide reasonable accommodation. A final section will provide some concluding remarks. Keywords: ADA; direct threat; disability; discrimination; reasonable accommodation
Nucleic Acids (DNA) Damage and Repair

All living organisms are constantly exposed to exterior agents and endogenous sources that interact with the macromolecules and cause substantive damage. This damage affects the function of all cellular macromolecules, including proteins, RNA, and DNA, and the damage accumulates over the life span of individuals. While RNA and proteins can be resynthesized, the genetic material, DNA, is the master molecule of life and it needs to be maintained intact for normal cellular functions to take place and to avoid death and disease. Thus, cellular steps have evolved to remove this damage from DNA. These processes are called DNA repair, and they involve a series of enzymatic processes that detect the damage and remove it. There are a number of DNA repair pathways and there are molecular interactions between them, and the DNA repair processes in general also connect with a number of other cellular processes. In this chapter, I will discuss the nature of the damage to the DNA and the various DNA repair processes that exist in higher cells. Examples will be given where specific protein functions are discussed in more detail, and references will be provided so that the reader can seek other sources for more detail. A lack of DNA repair capacity can lead to cancers and to a number of other specific disorders, and some of these will be discussed. In particular, there is a connection between defective DNA repair and both the incidence of cancer and the aging process. Keywords: Base Excision Repair; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Nucleotide Excision Repair
A Conceptual Exploration of Participation. Section I: Introduction and Early Perspectives

This article is comprised of three sections (each in subsequent regular issues of EPAT) that explore the concept of participation. Section I: Introduction and Early Perspectives grounds our exploration of participation and explores definitions and early perspectives of participation we have identified as ‘historically original’ and ‘philosophical’. Section II: Participation as Engagement in Experience—An Aesthetics Perspective is a continuation of our conceptual exploration of participation that digs into the world of aesthetics. Finally, Section III: The Utilitarian Perspective and Conclusion focuses on utilitarian meanings of participation from political and international development perspectives. Collectively, these sections focus on the meaning and deconstruction of the term, participation. By bringing attention to gradations in meaning, we hope to raise awareness of the superficial use of participation that is reflected in much of the educational literature and highlight possibilities that more thoug...
Regional Xenon 133 Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Technetium 99m HMPAO Uptake in Unmedicated Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Matched Normal Control Subjects: Determination by High-Resolution Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

• We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the xenon 133 ( 133 Xe) inhalation method and with regional cerebral uptake of technetium 99m d,l —hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) by single-photon emission computed tomography in 10 adult male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 agematched adult male normal controls. With the 133 Xe method, there were no significant differences in cortical or basal ganglia blood flow between the patients with OCD and their matched controls. In the patients, there was a positive relationship between rCBF and the severity of both obsessive and compulsive symptoms (average r =.48). These rCBF findings were consistent with those of earlier reports of increased rCBF in patients with OCD who were undergoing imaginal flooding and who had exacerbation of symptoms following m-CPP administration. 99m Tc-HMPAO is a lipophilic molecule that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to a hydrophilic form that is trapped in the brain. The amount that is trapped is determined primarily by blood flow, but also by membrane permeability and kinetics of conversion of the 99M Tc-HMPAO to the hydro- philic form. Compared with their matched controls, the patients with OCD had significantly increased 99m TcHMPAO uptake in the high dorsal parietal cortex bilaterally, in the left posterofrontal cortex, and in the orbital frontal cortex bilaterally. Possible explanations include (1) increased rCBF that was not detected with 133 Xe, (2) increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or cell membranes, and (3) increased conversion and trapping of the lipophilic, injected form of 99m Tc-HMPAO in these regions. This finding is consistent with those findings from earlier reports of increased uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in the orbital frontal regions of patients with OCD, as determined by positron emission tomography. The patients also had significantly reduced 99m Tc-HMPAO uptake in the head of the caudate nucleus bilaterally, but not in the putamen or thalamus, consistent with the hypothesized reduction of caudate nucleus activity in OCD. The results of our study provide additional support for the involvement of specific cortical areas in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Water solubility of cholesterol

Four different procedures showed the solubility of cholesterol in water at 30.0° to be: 2.6 × 10 −8 , 2.6 × 10 −8 , 2.7–2.9 × 10 −8 , and 2.5 × 10 −8 Gm./ml.
Miniature instrument for the measurement of gap thickness using polychromatic interferometry

An optical instrument for measuring the thickness of a thin gap or transparent film is presented. It will be used to calibrate the adaptive secondary mirror under development for the Steward Observatory 6.5 m Multiple Mirror Telescope. Capacitative sensors in the mirror assembly measure dynamically the thickness of the nominally 50 micrometers air gap between the deformable mirror and a glass reference body. The miniature interferometer has been developed to accurately determine the gap thickness so that the capacitive sensor may be calibrated. Interference fringes are produced by illuminating an air gap, which is between two reflective surfaces, with monochromatic plane waves and observing the reflected light. Intensity variations are measured as the wavelength of illumination is varied over an octave. The film thickness is determined by correlating the observed fringes with those modeled for different gaps. Absolute measurement to an accuracy of a small fraction of a wavelength is possible.
Molded multilevel modular microfluidic devices

In this paper, we present a quasi-three-dimensional micro-fluidic device that has been constructed using the LIGA technology at CAMD. The idea is centered in the modular construction of molded plastic devices. A primary master template was patterned into SU-8 and PMMA, from which we made a reversed insertion mold by electroplating Nickel on it. Chips were patterned by hot embossing and the complex structure was obtained by stacking one layer on top of the other. Alignment marks were placed in each different layer to allow the accurate positioning of the structures. Each layer is a 2-dimensional micro-fluidic system and liquids can go from one level to another level, back and forth, producing this almost three-dimensional behavior. This work aims to introduce concepts and features that will be a step towards a complete modularization of micro-fluidic devices.
Precipitation areal-reduction factor estimation using an annual-maxima centered approach

Abstract The adjustment of precipitation depth of a point storm to an effective (mean) depth over a watershed is important for characterizing rainfall-runoff relations and for cost-effective designs of hydraulic structures when design storms are considered. A design storm is the precipitation point depth having a specified duration and frequency (recurrence interval). Effective depths are often computed by multiplying point depths by areal-reduction factors (ARF). ARF range from 0 to 1, vary according to storm characteristics, such as recurrence interval; and are a function of watershed characteristics, such as watershed size, shape, and geographic location. This paper presents a new approach for estimating ARF and includes applications for the 1-day design storm in Austin, Dallas, and Houston, Texas. The approach, termed “annual-maxima centered,” specifically considers the distribution of concurrent precipitation surrounding an annual-precipitation maxima, which is a feature not seen in other approaches. The approach does not require the prior spatial averaging of precipitation, explicit determination of spatial correlation coefficients, nor explicit definition of a representative area of a particular storm in the analysis. The annual-maxima centered approach was designed to exploit the wide availability of dense precipitation gauge data in many regions of the world. The approach produces ARF that decrease more rapidly than those from TP-29. Furthermore, the ARF from the approach decay rapidly with increasing recurrence interval of the annual-precipitation maxima.
5'-Fluoro-5'-deoxyaristeromycin.

Abstract 5′-Fluoro-5′-deoxyaristeromycin ( 2 ) has been prepared via a Mitsunobu coupling of (1 S ,2 S ,3 R ,4 S )-2,3-(cyclopentylidenedioxy)-4-fluoromethylcyclopentan-1-ol with N 6 -bis-boc protected adenine. This procedure is adaptable to preparing a number of 5′-fluoro-5′-deoxycarbocyclic nucleoside analogs with diversity in the heterocyclic base. Antiviral analysis found promising activity for 2 toward measles but no other viruses. No cytotoxicity was observed for 2 .
Bridging the Pipeline: Increasing Underrepresented Students’ Preparation for College Through a Summer Bridge Program

Summer bridge programs (SBPs) are increasingly popular in higher education as a strategy for helping students prepare for college, yet empirical studies in this area have remained largely descriptive and in short supply. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of SBP participation on preparation for college in four areas: academic self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and academic and social skills. Survey data from a SBP cohort were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Results suggest that SBP participation positively affects specific academic skills (e.g., use of technology, interpreting syllabus) and academic self-efficacy. Positive beliefs about one’s academic skills and precollege aptitude also positively predict first-semester grades in college, explaining approximately 30% of the variance in first-semester GPA. Implications for further research, federal and institutional policy, and educational practice are highlighted.
Borderline tumors of the ovary: correlation of frozen and permanent histopathologic diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between the diagnosis of borderline tumor of the ovary by frozen and permanent pathology. Methods All pathology reports with diagnoses of borderline tumor of the ovary between 1980 and 1998 at Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed for patient age, tumor size, histology, presence of bilateral or extraovarian disease, and concurrent diagnosis of endometriosis or endosalpingiosis. Results We reviewed 140 cases. The average age of patients was 52.3 years. Eighty tumors were serous, 47 mucinous, 11 mixed, and two endometrioid. The mean diameter overall was 13.7 cm (range 1-70 cm), 10.2 cm for serous, and 20.1 cm for mucinous. Diagnoses of borderline tumors by frozen and permanent pathology were consistent in 60% of cases. Frozen section interpreted a benign lesion as malignant (overdiagnosed) in 10.7% of cases, and interpreted a malignant lesion as benign (underdiagnosed) in 29.3%. No variable was a significant predicator of overdiagnosis. In univariate analysis, underdiagnosis was more likely for other types of tumors than serous (P Conclusion Frozen or permanent pathology reports of diagnoses of borderline tumor were consistent 60% of the time, whereas the positive predictive value of borderline by frozen section was 89.3%. Tumors other than serous are more likely to be misinterpreted.
Employee and customer perceptions of service quality: A look at India

Customers (n = 128) and employees (n = 93) from a large service organization in India responded to a survey regarding their satisfaction with the organization and their satisfaction with key processes regarding their specific service area. As in the United States, there was agreement between Indian customer and employee ratings. However, there were also some major differences. The impact of these differences on strategic organizational initiatives is discussed.
A Fourier analysis for a fast simulation algorithm (for power convertors)

A powerful discrete modeling approach to the simulation of a switching converter that has appeared in power electronics literature over the last several years is briefly reviewed, and some desirable traits for its matrix exponential subroutine are discussed. The key result is a systematic and generic Fourier analysis that operates on the steady-state solution as provided by a discrete model. The Fourier analysis algorithm was tested on a phase-controlled parallel-loaded resonant converter which is useful as a fixed-frequency low-distortion AC source. Three verifications of the algorithm were made: a phasor analysis, an alternate closed-form analysis directed specifically to the problem at hand, and an analysis using experimental data. The performance of the algorithm was good for the case considered. >
Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of C3 and C4 tree species grown in high- and low-light environments

Plants of the C4 tree species, Euphorbia forbesii, Sherff and the C3 tree species, Claoxylon sandwicense Muell-Arg., were grown in a full sun and a shade environment designed to simulate the understory of their native Hawiian forest habitat. When grown under shade conditions, both species exhibited a photosynthetic light response typical of shade plants with low light compensation points and low dark respiration rates. E. forbesii, however, exhibited greater acclimation of light saturated photosynthetic rates and no evidence of photoinhibition in high light. In contrast, quantum yields for CO2 uptake and chlorophyll contents were reduced in the high-light as compared to the low-light grown C. sandwicense plants. Both species exhibited similar changes in the intercellular CO2 response curves and chloroplast whole-chain electron transport capacities, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms of light acclimation are similar. Chloroplasts of E. forbesii exhibited large changes in ultrastructure, with much greater thylakoid membrane development in low than high light. In contrast, C. sandwicense exhibited different starch contents, but otherwise similar membrane development in high and low light. The results show that E. forbesii possesses a very flexible photosynthetic apparatus which may account for its ability to survive in the understory of shaded forests.
Incidence, concentration and effectiveness of malathion residues in wheat and maize (corn) exported from the United States

Abstract The incidence, concentration, and effectiveness of malathion treatments were measured in wheat and maize samples obtained from 79 port terminals in the United States. The presence of biologically active residue levels of malathion was inferred by bioassay assessment in 28% of 2058 wheat samples and in 8.4% of 2383 maize samples examined during the 2-year period, January 1977–December 1978. Malathion occurred most often in wheat from port terminals in the Pacific and Gulf regions where treatments were frequently part of the grain sale agreement and where grain was often treated immediately prior to sampling. At terminals where the grain was not treated just prior to sampling, the incidence of malathion on grain arriving at the ports was only 11.6% for wheat and 7.7% for maize. Average malathion residues were 2.50 ppm in 210 samples of wheat and 1.03 ppm in 139 samples of maize and ranged from 2.71 ppm in Gulf wheat to 0.66 ppm in Pacific maize. Residues on wheat treated just prior to sampling, show inconsistent and generally inadequate malathion deposits resulting from port terminal treatments. No consistent relationship was evident between grain handling capacities and malathion residues.
Nanofluidic channels with elliptical cross sections formed using a nonlithographic process

We fabricated nanofluidic channels that have elliptical cross sections with major and minor radii of less than 100 nm, without the use of electron-beam or other high-resolution lithography. The channels were formed by thermal removal of sacrificial polymer nanofibers. The sacrificial template fiber was deposited on a target substrate by electrospinning and encapsulated by a spin-on glass. The elliptical shape of the channels eliminates sharp corners, at which fluid flow is hindered, and provides convenient boundary conditions for theoretical modeling of fluid flow in the channels. Also, the spin-on glass is optically transparent and compatible with chemical analysis, thereby opening up application in biomolecular separation and single molecule analysis. Hundreds of parallel channels have also been formed by the oriented spinning process.
Behavior Problems? Try Groups!.

Much adolescent behavior that is frustrating to secondary teachers can be dealt with through the group process in the classroom.
How do children ascribe gender to nouns? A study of Spanish‐speaking children with and without specific language impairment

The purpose of this investigation was to identify how Spanish-speaking preschool children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) use the various cues available for ascribing a noun's inherent gender in the language. Via an invented word task, four types of cues were isolated and presented to each child: (1) two types of noun-internal cues (semantic transparency and word ending), and (2) two types of noun-external cues (article gender and adjective gender). Eleven children with typical language skills, 11 children with SLI, and 11 adults participated in the study. Results indicated, as expected, that adults outperformed both child groups. Significant differences were observed in the children's use of article cues, with the typical children outperforming the children with SLI. Individual data also indicate that most children with SLI were using the noun-internal cue of word ending effectively. Discussion of previous research in the area of gender agreement in Spanish-speaking children with SLI and explanations of potential reasons for the children's performance are addressed.
Rathole stability analysis for aerated powder materials

Abstract Forty years ago, Jenike [Gravity Flow of Bulk Solids, Bulletin 108, Utah Engineering Station, 1961] and Johanson [Flow Indices in the Prediction of Powder Behavior, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing International, pp. 159–164, 1995] developed the flow-no-flow equations used to predict stability of bulk solid structures in silos and hoppers. These equations were developed into a theory that has been used to design process equipment to handle cohesive materials. The basis of the theory is a limiting stress state analysis of a bulk material forming a cylindrical pipe (rathole) around or an arch across the hopper outlet. Reliable process operation requires that these two cohesive obstructions be avoided to achieve proper flow of bulk materials through process equipment. Today, industry uses a variety of flow aid devices to overcome these stable flow structures. One such device is aeration pads which are used to maintain fluidization of fine powders and decrease cohesive behavior of bulk materials. Alternatively, air blasters can inject a given quantity of gas into the bulk material creating large transient gas pressure gradients that may destroy these cohesive structures in process equipment. It is important to note that air blasters may destroy cohesive structures provided they are placed in close enough proximity to the stable rathole and with sufficient frequency along the axis of the bin or around the bin perimeter. Although these aeration techniques work, a full understanding of the reason is lacking. Currently, both the placement and required number of these flow aid devices are based on practical experience and not sound theoretical principles. This paper addresses this knowledge void by adding the gas pressure gradient terms to the rathole stability analysis performed by Jenike, thus extending the flow-no-flow rathole analysis to aerated conditions.
Intercarpal arthrodesis for static and dynamic volar intercalated segment instability

Since 1982 seven patients with volar intercalary segment instability (VISI) have been operated on at the Massachusetts General Hospital. All had preoperative wrist pain and described a painful "clunk" with ulnar deviation. In each case there was palpable evidence of instability when the wrist was deviated ulnarly that produced a "buckling" sensation as the distal and proximal rows rotated with ulnar deviation. Arthrograms in six patients and a cineradiography in one patient confirmed that this buckling correlated with volar rotation of the lunate and triquetrum and dorsal rotation of the capitate and hamate. All the patients had some type of intercarpal arthrodesis including four capitate-lunate-triquetrum hamate (CLTH), one lunate-triquetrum (LT), one lunate-triquetrum-hamate (LTH), and one triquetrum-hamate (TH). Surgical findings included the position of the lunate that had rotated on the capitate so that it was tilting volarly and the major ligament instability was between the proximal and distal rows although ligament tears were also present between lunate and triquetrum. Arthrodesis of the proximal and distal rows provided relief of wrist pain in five of six patients. The one patient with the arthrodesis limited to the proximal row had a poor result. Of the five successful cases, the postoperative range of wrist motion was 81 degrees of extension/flexion arc (63% of the normal contralateral) and 35 degrees of radial and ulnar deviation arc (57% of the normal contralateral wrist). The grip strength postoperatively averaged 58 pounds (74% of the normal contralateral side).
Impact of the proposed IEEE floating point standard on numerical software

The proposed IEEE Floating Point Standard, which is being prepared with unprecedented reliance on the advice of experienced numerical analysts, appears to be the answer to long-standing pleas for sensible floating-point arithmetic systems. The committee drafting the standard has not settled some of the details, but it has agreed that the standard is intended to encourage high-quality numerical programming. To this end the committee agrees on basic arithmetic operations that round correctly and are otherwise clean and free of anomalies. Many of us applaud that accomplishment and eagerly await the appearance of standard-conforming machines. Our frustrations with arithmetic systems in which multiplication is not commutative, in which X+X differs from 2.0×X by a decimal place or more, and in which the least significant half of a double precision number underflows and flushes to zero independent of the most significant half thus abruptly dropping the computation to single precision (without warning, of course) are almost over. The new machines will have none of these or the even more exotic mathematical atrocities existing in our current machines. But our joy at the dream we see materializing before our eyes must be tempered by the realization that the new machines will not solve all of our problems immediately and may even introduce a few new ones.
Electrostatic Effects in Asbestos Sampling I: Experimental Measurements

Electrostatic charge can cause errors during sampling of airborne asbestos fibers and other particles. The change in particle trajectories caused by charge effects during sampling can result in nonuniform deposits on the collecting filter surface and net loss of sample. The degree of these electrostatic effects depends on particle charge, sampler charge, sampler conductivity, and sampling flow rate and direction. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the dependence of sampling efficiency and sample uniformity on these variables. Humidity has been postulated as a primary determinant of particle charge during aerosol generation. Measurements of particle charge and concentration were made as a function of relative humidity with chrysotile fibers generated from a fluidized bed. A strong increase in charge and a decrease in concentration of fibers was noted as the relative humidity was decreased below 15%. The effects of conductive versus nonconductive samplers and sampling flow rate were measured as a ...
Position of the American Dietetic Association: Child and Adolescent Nutrition Assistance Programs

t is the position of the American Dietetic Association that children and adolescents should have access to an adequate supply of healthful and safe foods that promote optimal physical, cognitive, and social growth and development. Nutrition assistance programs, such as food assistance and meal service programs and nutrition education initiatives, play a vital role in meeting this critical need. Nutrition assistance programs create a safety net that ensures that children and adolescents at risk for poor nutritional intakes have access to a safe, adequate, and nutritious food supply. Federally funded nutrition assistance programs help ensure that children and adolescents receive meals that provide adequate energy and nutrients to meet their growth and development needs; children and adolescents have access to adequate food supplies; and women, infants, and children who have nutritional or medical risk factors, such as iron-deficiency anemia or overweight, receive supplemental nutritious foods as well as nutrition education. In addition, federally funded nutrition assistance programs serve as a means to combat hunger and food insecurity and as a vehicle for nutrition education and promotion of physical activity designed to prevent or reduce obesity and chronic disease. It is important that continued funding be provided for these programs that have been consistently shown to have a positive influence on child and adolescent well-being. Registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered, are uniquely qualified to design, implement, and evaluate nutrition assistance programs for children and adolescents. Registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered, are the only food and nutrition practitioners with adequate training in food science, nutrition, and food systems to implement research and surveillance programs to monitor, evaluate, and improve the nutritional status of children and adolescents.
New approaches for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Objective: Review alternative approaches to oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Study Design: Assessment of clinical trials on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis with regimens other than 5 to 7 days of metronidazole. Results: Single-dose metronidazole, 2 gm orally, is as effective as 5- to 7-day courses of oral metronidazole, with cure rates in the 80% to 90% range. Oral clindamycin results in more than a 90% clinical cure rate. Intravaginal clindamycin cream 2% and intravaginal metronidazole gel 0.75% are associated with clinical cure rates similar to those for oral metronidazole. Conclusions: Single-dose metronidazole, oral clindamycin, intravaginal clindamycin cream, and intravaginal metronidazole gel are effective and safe alternatives to a 5- to 7-day course of oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Cortical changes in Spisula eggs upon insemination.

Freeze—fracture replicas of fertilized and unfertilized Spisula eggs demonstrate a heterogeneous distribution of intramembranous particles within the plasmalemma. There is a structural reorganization of microvilli and an approximate twofold increase in particles on the protoplasmic face of the plasma membrane following insemination. These transformations in microvillar structure and intramembranous particle number may be involved in establishing a block to polyspermy.
Hate Speech in a Juvenile Male Prison School and in US Schooling

This article theoretically examines the meaning and function of hate speech in a high-security juvenile male prison school. Specifically, the article draws on data from an ethnographic study of this prison school site in order to map the institutional mechanisms of hate speech. Additionally, the article suggests these mechanisms are not anomalous to the particular site, but are rather reflective of larger systems of schooling that produce racialized academic failure, criminalization, and incarceration.
Two-Stage CFAR Detectors for Multiple-Range-Bin Radars

Two-stage detectors using generalized sign and four-level conditional statistics for signal detection in multiple-range-bin radars are described. The resulting detectors are of constant false-alarm rate (CFAR). Performances are evaluated and compared with singlestage versions. If the a priori probability of either the no-target case or the target-presence case is large (close to 1), a two-stage test can be designed to have the advantage of reducing the average number of samples required without sacrificing detection probability. With the proper choices of parameters, significant improvement in the efficiency can be achieved. Asymptotic relative efficiency of two-stage detectors with respect to single-stage detectors is derived and some numerical results are evaluated.