cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fees can't build good fences.

To sustain its serene environment, YourTown, USA—which is a real town—enacted a policy designed to abate public nuisances occurring on residential properties. The nuisance ordinance authorizes the police chief, after two incidents within a twelve-month period in which criminal activity nuisances have occurred on a property, to warn owners in writing that a third incident may result in an order to pay fees. The third finding authorizes YourTown to “abate the nuisance by responding to the activities using administrative and law enforcement actions, and the costs of such abatement shall be assessed on the nuisance property.” On one of YourTown's tree-lined streets lives a couple with a twenty-six-year old son, Jeremy—a real person—whose combination of behavioral disorders produces what his psychiatrist describes as devastatingly difficult symptoms. Jeremy's behavior frequently takes him outside, where he disturbs his neighbors with screams and moans.
Genetic Selection of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases Insensitive to Stimulation by Gsα

Abstract We describe the development of a genetic system allowing for the isolation of mutant mammalian adenylyl cyclases defective in their responses to G protein subunits, thus allowing for the identification of structural elements within the cyclase that are responsible for the recognition of these regulators. Expression of mammalian type V adenylyl cyclase in a cyclase-deleted yeast strain can conditionally complement the lethal phenotype of this strain. Type V adenylyl cyclase-expressing yeast grow only when the cyclase is activated by coexpression of Gsα or addition of forskolin to the medium; however, growth arrest is observed in the presence of both activators or under basal conditions. Utilizing this genetic system, we have isolated 25 adenylyl cyclase mutants defective in their response to Gsα. Sequence analysis and biochemical characterization of these mutants have identified residues in both cytoplasmic domains of the cyclase that are involved in the specific binding of and regulation by Gsα.
Cyclic peptides. XVIII. 13C spin-lattice relaxation times of (X-pro-Y)2 cyclic hexapeptides

13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1's) of four cyclic hexapeptides of sequence, (X-L-Pro-Y)2, are reported. The T1's of the protonated carbons, which undergo dipolar relaxation, are interpreted qualitatively in terms of the overall tumbling motion of the molecule and in terms of internal motion. It is found that three of the cyclic hexapeptides, those which adopt all-trans β-conformers, tumble isotropically and appear to lack internal motion in the peptide backbone. The method of Torchia and Lyerla was applied to these compounds in order to compare the mobility of the proline rings. The results show that the sequence and particular type of β-turn present affect the internal motion of the Pro ring. Data on a fourth cyclic hexapeptide, which occurs in a conformation with two-cis X-Pro bonds, suggests that internal motion of the backbone contributes an additional frequency component to the motion of the Y residue α-carbons. A consideration of the mobility of the proline rings in the conformer with two-cis peptide bonds revealed that they are significantly more rigid in the two-cis structure than in the all-trans.
RADIOSENSITIVITY OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOUR CELLS. I. VARIATION IN X-RAY SENSITIVITY DURING THE CELL-CYCLE.

SummaryNon-synchronized cell populations of ELD ascites tumour cells were pulse-labelled and x-irradiated in vitro with 125 R, 250 R and 500 R. The cells were grown in vivo in C3H/He Jax mice, and harvested at 2-hour intervals. Chromosome damage was scored at metaphase. Mitotic delay and cell survival were also studied in relation to chromosome aberrations. Pre-mitotic interphase death was not observed, whereas a significant decrease in cell number, related to the dose, was found after the first mitotic division. Mitotic inhibition, proportional to the dose, was observed after irradiation, and G2 was found to be the period most delayed. Chromatid aberrations were scored in unlabelled and labelled metaphases representing cells irradiated at different stages of S and G2. The results clearly demonstrated that G2 was the most sensitive period. Furthermore, cells irradiated during early and middle G2 were more sensitive than those irradiated at late G2; and cells from early S were more sensitive than those fro...
Effects of Microwaves and Microwave Frequency on the Selectivity of Sorption for Binary Mixtures on Oxides

In adsorption systems, the absorption of microwave energy depends on the properties of the adsorbates, adsorbents, and of the surface properties at the interface where adsorption occurs. Heating these systems using microwaves may lead to sorption behavior that is different from conventional heating. Sorption experiments were carried out using a dual-adsorbate flow adsorption system measuring changes in the amount adsorbed with conventional heating and using microwave heating at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. In the case of adsorbates methanol and cyclohexane, microwave heating caused the methanol to desorb almost twice as much as conventional heating. The adsorption selectivity as a function of microwave frequency was examined for a case in which the adsorbates have an opposite dependence of permittivity with frequency (2-propanol had a greater permittivity than acetone at 2.45 GHz, and acetone had a greater permittivity than 2-propanol at 5.8 GHz). Differences in the adsorption selectivity were not as great as expect...
CREATING AN INTERNATIONAL HIGH TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR: THE CASE OF THE UCLA VENTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

This paper describes the development and growth of a virtual, internationally based, high technology business incubator in Australia, Chile, Finland and the United States. The UCLA Venture Development Program (UCLA-VDP) is a global educational program and "knowledge network" of strategic partners. The UCLA-VDP serves as the technology business incubator at UCLA and operates internationally through its Global Access Program (GAP) utilizing its strategic partnerships with business and technology groups abroad. The objective of the Program is to create new businesses and wealth out of the technological research conducted at UCLA, other universities, and laboratories world-wide using the entrepreneurial talents and networks of the Anderson School at UCLA.
Prostaglandin inhibitors as tocolytic agents

Indomethacin, a nonspecific prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, gained popularity several decades ago as a potent tocolytic agent. This popularity, however, was tempered by concerns over fetal and neonatal complications associated with its use. However, with better recognition of the safety limitations, there has been a renewed interest in using indomethacin for acute tocolysis. More recently, the tocolytic potential of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors has gained much interest as well as the theoretical minimization of side effects associated with these agents. This article reviews the pharmacology and efficacy of indomethacin and some of the newer cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and discusses the potential adverse fetal and neonatal effects associated with their use. Guidelines will be presented that will assist theclinician in using indomethacin as an effective tocolytic while avoiding untoward effects.
Exploding the frame: designing for wall-size computer displays

High-resolution wall-size digital displays present significant new and different visual space to show and see imagery. The author has been working with two wall-size digital displays at Princeton University for five years and directing and producing IMAX films for a decade, and he has noted some unique design considerations for creating effective visual images when they are spread across entire walls. The author suggests these "frameless" screens - where images are so large we need to look around to see the entire field - need different ways of thinking about image design and visualization. Presenting such things as scale and detail take on new meaning when they can be displayed life-size and not shown in the context of one or many small frames such as we see everywhere. These design ideas will be of use for pervasive computing, interface research and design, interactive design, control design, representations of massive data sets, and creating effective displays of data for research and education.
Tradición equina y relectura facial de las serranas de la sierra

The famous encounter of Juan Ruiz or his fictional character with the four brutal serranas during his pilgrimage in Guadarrama has generated the attention of critics of the LBA for many years. The passage has been approached from different angles of analysis, with a predominantly historical as well as allegorical perspective. Bringing up the well known European medieval tradition and some trends from Islamic literature where the equine world is used to trace comparisons with human beings, especially women, I propose to offer a new meaning for the polemical adjective chata. If one takes into account the coexistence of the Islamic culture in Iberia and the possibility of finding this word in medical treatises about horses, an alternative reading of the passage may be interpreted. With this consideration we can go back and depart not only from Americo Castro’s premises about Islamic roots in the LBA but also the most recent studies where critics try to demonstrate how the LBA belongs to a multicultural literary context. It is my contention that this perspective will not only facilitate a reconsideration of the serranas as four apocalyptic equine images within an allegorical reading but also provide a better understanding of its hermeneutical mechanism and historical richness.
An acoustic study of coarticulation in dysarthric speakers with Parkinson disease.

Anticipatory vowel coarticulation in obstruent + vowel syllables was studied for 9 dysarthric males with mild to moderate idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) and a group of 10 healthy males. In addition to studying coarticulatory differences for speakers' habitual rate repetitions, a graded speaking rate task was used to investigate the effect of rate variation on coarticulation. The ratio of F2 onset frequency/F2 target frequency was used to infer coarticulation (i.e., ratios of 1.0 indicate complete vowel harmony at vowel onset, and ratios greater than 1.0 indicate relatively less coarticulation). Because F2 onset frequency is a relatively novel measure of coarticulation, a more common measure of anticipatory vowel coarticulation-fricative F2-was obtained for a subset of the speech stimuli and compared to F2 onset measures. Ratios of fricative F2/F2 target frequency also were computed to infer coarticulation and the results were compared to the F2 onset/F2 target ratios. The results indicated a modest relationship between F2 onset frequency and fricative F2 for both speaking tasks and speaker groups, with a stronger relationship for the graded rate task. Regression analyses for the graded rate task further indicated that longer vowel durations were associated with larger ratios for both speaker groups. Thus, coarticulation tended to increase with faster rates and decrease with slower rates, although the relationship was more systematic for control speakers. Ratios for the habitual task tended to be smaller for speakers with PD, suggesting increased coarticulation relative to control speakers. This effect was not entirely attributable to the more rapid speaking rates for speakers with PD. Because habitual rate F2 onset/F2 target ratios tended to underestimate the extent to which coarticulation was increased for speakers with PD-compared to the fricative F2/F2 target ratios-measures other than F2 onset should be used to infer absolute differences in extent of coarticulation for speakers with PD and healthy controls.
Crystal structure of the ribosome at 5.5 A resolution

We describe the crystal structure of the complete Thermus thermophilus 70S ribosome containing bound messenger RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at 5.5 angstrom resolution. All of the 16S, 23S, and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) chains, the A-, P-, and E-site tRNAs, and most of the ribosomal proteins can be fitted to the electron density map. The core of the interface between the 30S small subunit and the 50S large subunit, where the tRNA substrates are bound, is dominated by RNA, with proteins located mainly at the periphery, consistent with ribosomal function being based on rRNA. In each of the three tRNA binding sites, the ribosome contacts all of the major elements of tRNA, providing an explanation for the conservation of tRNA structure. The tRNAs are closely juxtaposed with the intersubunit bridges, in a way that suggests coupling of the 20 to 50 angstrom movements associated with tRNA translocation with intersubunit movement.
Influence of pyrolysis condition on switchgrass bio-oil yield and physicochemical properties

The poor and inconsistent physicochemical properties of bio-oil are inhibiting its industrialized production. We investigated the variability in properties of switchgrass bio-oil produced at three pyrolysis temperatures (T=450, 500, and 550 degrees C) and three feedstock moisture contents (MC=5%, 10%, and 15%) in a 3x3 factorial experiment in order to exploit opportunities to improve bio-oil properties through optimization of pyrolysis parameters. Results showed that even with the single type of feedstock and pyrolysis system, the two main factors and their interaction caused large variations in bio-oil yield and most of the measured physicochemical properties. Following improvements of bio-oil properties could be individually achieved by selecting an optimal pyrolysis condition (shown in parenthesis) comparing with the worst case: increase of bio-oil yield by more than twofold (MC=10%, T=450 degrees C), increase of pH by 20.4% from 2.74 to 3.3 (MC=10%, T=550 degrees C), increase of higher heating value by 18.1% from 16.6 to 19.6 MJ/kg (MC=10%, T=450 degrees C), decrease of density by 5.9% from 1.18 to 1.11 g/cm(3) (MC=5%, T=550 degrees C), decrease of water content by 36% from 31.4 to 20.1 wt.% (MC=5%, T=450 degrees C), decrease of viscosity by 40% from 28.2 to 17 centistokes (MC=5%, T=550 degrees C), decrease of solid content by 57% from 2.86 to 1.23 wt.% (MC=15%, T=550 degrees C), and decrease of ash content by 41.9% from 0.62 to 0.36 wt.% (MC=15%, T=550 degrees C). There is no single, clear-cut optimal condition that can satisfy the criteria for a bio-oil product with all the desired properties. Trade-offs should be balanced according to the usage of the end-products.
Expression of the TGF-beta family of ligands is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle of neonatal rats.

To dissect the possible role of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth during the early postnatal period, the protein abundances of the TGF-β family and their correlation with protein synthesis were determined in skeletal muscle of neonatal rats. To obtain direct evidence of the role of these growth factors in the regulation of protein synthesis, the TGF-β inhibitor, follistatin, was infused into 10-d-old rats for 11 d and protein synthesis and phosphorylation of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and ribosomal protein (rpS6) were measured. TGF-β2 abundance and protein synthesis in muscle decreased with development and were positively correlated. The abundances of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-7, and myostatin increased with development and were negatively correlated with protein synthesis. The abundances of BMP-2 and BMP-7 were positively correlated with BMP receptor IA (BMP-RIA) abundance. Activin A abundance was positively correlated with follistatin abundance and activin receptor IIB (Act-RIIB) abundance. Infusion of follistatin increased muscle protein synthesis and S6K1 and rpS6 phosphorylation. The results provide indirect and direct evidence of TGF-β family involvement in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis during the neonatal period.
The effect of oil layers on the hydrocarbon emissions generated during closed vessel combustion

The exhaust gas from a high pressure reactor generated during spark ignited closed vessel combustion in the presence and absence of oil has been analyzed by gas chromography. Five fuels (methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, and hydrogen) and three oils (a synthetic motor oil, a petroleum based motor oil, and a diffusion pump fluid) were tested during these experiments at a variety of fuel-air equivalence ratios (=0.7–1.6). Experiments carried out under lean (=0.9) conditions have demonstrated that the total exhaust hydrocarbon concentration increases by 30, 120, and 400 ppmC for ethane, propane, and n-butane respectively when 0.14 gm of a synthetic motor oil is placed onto a 60 cm2 surface area of the reactor. This exhaust hydrocarbon concentration consists primarily (>95%) of initial fuel in all cases and is directly proportional to both the amount of oil in the reactor and the solubility of the specific fuel in the oil. These results show that absorption of the fuel occurs in the oil prior to ignition. This dissolved fuel is then desorbed into the cooled burned gas after combustion is complete, significantly increasing the exhaust hydrocarbon concentration. In contrast to the above results for lean mixtures, when rich (=1.1–1.5) propane-air mixtures were ignited in the presence of oil, a very large increase in the total hydrocarbon concentrations (30,000 ppmC) was observed in the exhaust. Only 1% of these emissions were unburned fuel, and 20% more total carbon was observed in the exhaust than was present in the initial fuel mixture. This carbon imbalance coupled with other experimental evidence has demonstrated that the oil layer is being extensively degraded to light hydrocarbons under fuel rich conditions during passage of a single flame. This oil degradation is very sensitive to the equivalence ratio and to the type of fuel used.
PECTIN CONTENT OF MEYER LEMON

The peel and fruit residue recovered after juice extraction of Meyer lemons were composed of flavedo (25% wt/wt), albedo (30%), membrane (26%) and juice vesicles or sacs (19%). The average recovery and pectin grade from the component parts of the fruit decreased with increasing maturity, with the flavedo showing a greater change in grade than the internal fruit components. Yields (lb/90 lb box of fruit) of pectin was 1.5 lb/box (Sept.), 0.8 lb/box (Nov.) and 0.7 lb/box (Dec.). Meyer lemon flavedo, albedo, membrane and juice sacs yielded pectins of 217, 252, 286 and 213 average jelly grade, respectively.
An investigation of the moderating influence of NPD speed on the organisational integration-new product market success and NPD process proficiency-new product market success relationships

This paper examines the moderating influence of new product development (NPD) speed on the organisational integration-new product market success and the NPD process proficiency-new product market success relationships. The mail survey research approach was used to gather data from NPD managers in the electrical products, medical devices, and the heavy construction equipment industries. The data gathered from this process was used as the basis from which to extract information to address this study’s major research questions which include: 1) to what extent does NPD speed moderate the new product market success-organisational integration relationship?; 2) to what extent does NPD speed moderate the relationship between new product market success and the proficiency with which NPD process activities are performed?; 3) which moderation situation has the greatest impact on new product market success? It was confirmed that organisational integration and NPD process proficiency are significantly related to new product success. This study agreed with the research of Ittner and Larcker (1997) in that NPD speed and new product market success are not significantly related. NPD speed neither moderates the organisational integration-new product market success relationship nor the NPD process proficiency-new product success relationship. Managerial implications are provided and research directions are suggested.
Critical Problems with Using the Asphalt Ductility Test as a Performance Index for Modified Binders

Despite the adaptation of advanced binder rheology characterization methods by many agencies, the asphalt ductility test is still being used in some specifications in the United States and a few other countries as a performance indicator for asphalt modification. In this study, binder properties known to reflect rutting and fatigue resistance were examined in a set of binders modified with two types of commonly used elastomeric polymer modifiers. The results showed no correlations with binder ductility. Additionally, a test procedure was developed by using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) as a surrogate to the conventional ductility test, results of which showed that both elastomeric modified binders are much more ductile than conventional binders, even when conventional ductility showed a loss of ductility. Finite element modeling was used to show the significant effects of decreasing true strain rates with elongation on the sample's stress and strain state attributable to the constant crosshead speed in ...
Reconstruction and fusion of perceptual features for automatic classification of sonar echoes

The long detection ranges provided by low-frequency active sources present many advantages to localize and track underwater threats from safe distances. However, in littoral environments, echoes from naturally occurring features cause false alarms which degrade the overall system performance. The use of perceptual features derived from those used in the human auditory system (aural features), has been shown to allow discrimination between target and clutter echoes for both impulsive and coherent sources. The present work extends these findings by examining the effect of the sonar bandwidth on these kinds of features using a large data set gathered during an experiment on the Malta Plateau. Two separate bandwidths corresponding to those of two acoustic sources used during the experiment are considered independently. Using echoes from the two sources considered separately, it is possible to effectively reconstruct many of the features that would be derived with a full bandwidth signal. The results have implications for the use of fusion techniques where two separate sources are employed cooperatively and fused at the feature level to classify targets. Next, by using only those features that can effectively be reconstructed, it is possible to examine the full effect of bandwidth on the performance of a classification system which uses aural features. Results show that the system performance can be maintained with a narrower bandwidth if the center frequency is shifted downwards. Finally, fusion of the two sources at the decision-level is presented. Using the technique described, it is possible to achieve the same performance as a system using a single broadband source.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced activation of the MAP kinase JNK

Tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 is the main receptor responsible for TNF-induced diverse cellular events. In this study, we report that TNFR1 has a crucial role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Although ER stress leads to JNK activation in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts, we failed to detect any JNK activation in TNFR1−/− cells. ER stress-induced JNK activation is restored in TNFR1−/− cells when TNFR1 expression is reconstituted. We also found that TNFR1 functions downstream of IRE1 and that IRE1 is present in the same complex with TNFR1 under ER stress condition. Therefore, our study shows a novel role of TNFR1 in mediating ER stress-induced JNK activation.
Integrated Fourier domain mode-locked lasers: Analysis of a novel coherent WDM comb laser

Fourier-domain mode-locking of integrated laser diodes is studied theoretically for the application of WDM mode comb generation. Flat (&#60;7 dB) combs with 40 modes spaced at 25 GHz and RIN values of below 0.3% can be generated with practically feasible designs. Such lasers enable future Terabit/s interconnects.
6-Amino-3-(β-d-2-de­oxy-erythro-furanos­yl)-2-fluoro­pyridine: a nucleoside analogue

The title compound [systematic name: (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-amino-2-fluoro­pyridin-3-yl)-2-(hydroxy­meth­yl)-2,3,4,5-tetra­hydro­furan-3-ol], C10H13FN2O3, is a C-nucleoside with fluorine replacing the O2 carbonyl of deoxy­cytidine (dC). The furan­ose ring adopts a C2′-endo conformation, while the orientation of the pyridine ring with respect to the sugar group is anti. The C-glycosidic bond torsion angle χ is anti [−121.32 (13)°]. The C—C glycosidic bond is 1.4952 (17) A in length, while the C—F bond length is 1.3463 (16) A.
A Modular Real-Time Simulation Platform Based on the Virtual Test Bed

This paper describes a novel real-time simulation platform, namely VTB-RT, especially suited for power electronics systems. Using a combination of open-source packages, FPGA-based modules, and the Virtual Test Bed software, VTB-RT constitutes a simulation platform characterized by its low-cost, modularity, and versatility. In this paper, we briefly describe each VTB-RT component, and then we concentrate on a new interrupt module developed for real-time geographically distributed simulations. A distributed simulation of a DC motor drive is presented as an application example.
Imaging diagnosis of aspergilloma.

A 55-year-old man with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), has a history of noncompliance to antiretroviral therapy with recurrent opportunistic infections due to clostridium difficile and mycobacterium avium complex. He presented to the hospital with fever, diarrhea, weight loss and generalized weakness, and was diagnosed with clostridium difficile colitis and treated as such. His absolute CD4 count was 153 cells/microliter and HIV1-RNA 2,190 copies/mL. (Published: 30 April 2012) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2012, 2 : 17276 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v2i1.17276
A Review on the Application of Nonattenuating Frequency Radars for Estimating Rain Attenuation and Space-Diversity Performance

Cumulative rain fade statistics are used by space communications engineers to establish transmitter power and receiver sensitivities for systems operating under various geometries, climates, and radio frequencies. Space-diversity performance criteria are also of interest. This work represents a review, in which are examined the many elements involved in the employment of single nonattenuating frequency radars for arriving at the desired information. The elements examined include radar techniques and requirements, phenomenological assumptions, path attenuation formulations and procedures, as well as error budgeting and calibration analysis. Included are the pertinent results of previous investigators who have used radar for rain-attenuation modeling. Suggestions are made for improving present methods.
Optimal Control of Homonuclear Spin Dynamics Subject to Relaxation

In this manuscript, we investigate an optimal control problem that arises in connection with the manipulation of open quantum system dynamics. Specifically, we examine a system arising in homonuclear spectroscopy experiments, and show an optimal control can be found by first relaxing the constraint imposed on the control, and then using the solution to the relaxed control problem to solve the original problem. In the context of coherent spectroscopy, this solution translates into the maximum signal to noise ratio that can be obtained in an experiment.
Edge detection using orthogonal moment-based operators

Presents a new approach to detect step edges with subpixel accuracy. The proposed approach is based on a set of orthogonal complex moments of the image known as Zernike moments. An ideal 2-D step edge is modeled in terms of four parameters: the background gray level, the step size, the distance of the edge from the center of the mask, and the orientation of the edge. Discrete Zernike moments are used to obtain a total of three masks to compute all the edge parameters for subpixel detection. For pixel-level edge detection only two masks (one real and one complex) are required. The theoretical analysis of the influence of noise on the location and the orientation of an edge is presented. This analysis reveals that the accuracy of the proposed approach is virtually unaffected by the additive noise. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed technique. >
Havana: Memoirs of Material Culture

This article engages the ‘fashioning’ of cultural memory. It is a travelogue through the city of Havana, and looks in particular at the curatorial design of its museums. In this Cuban city where time is frozen in architecture, and peels off buildings, where all that is solid rots and melts in the air, memory is ‘suited’ to ruinous fabrics. In the Museum of the Revolution, torn shirts and worn-out skirts speak of the country’s struggle. A model modernist apartment makes room for novel times. Similarly, the Museum of Decorative Arts displays objects of material culture to give space to a history that includes private life. In its (with) drawing room, historic conjunctions are tailored to the making of female space. In Havana, memory is not erected as monument but fashioned as material document. In a city of fantastic 20th-century architecture, and moving urban culture, history is written as interior design.
Stochastic control for a class of overtaking tracking problems: Risk-averse feedback design for performance robustness

Among of important results herein is the performance information analysis of forecasting higher-order characteristics of a general criterion of performance associated with a stochastic tracking system which is closely supervised by a reference command input and a desired trajectory. Both compactness from logic of state-space model description and quantitativity from probabilistic knowledge of stochastic disturbances are exploited to therefore allow accurate prediction of the effects of Chi-squared randomness on performance distribution of the optimal tracking problem. Information about performance-measure statistics is further utilized in the synthesis of optimal cumulant-based controllers which are thus capable of shaping the distribution of tracking performance without reliance on computationally intensive Monte Carlo analysis as needed in post-design performance assessment. As a by-product, the recent results can potentially be applicable to another substantially larger class of optimal tracking systems whereby local representations with only first two statistics for non-Gaussian random distributions of exogenous disturbances and uncertain environments may be sufficient.
ASSESSMENT OF REWORK PROBABILITIES FOR SIMULATNG PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES USING THE DESIGN STRUCTURE MATRIX (DSM)

This paper uses the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) to model and simulate the performance of development processes. Though the simulation is a powerful tool for analyzing process performance, its ability is limited by the quality of input information used in the analysis. DSM simulation requires process data that is hard to assess or estimate directly from development participants. In this paper, we propose a methodology that allows a more practical estimation of an important simulation parameter: rework probabilities. Furthermore, we show how does this assessment method (combined with simulation) allow managers to evaluate process improvement plans based on two resulting process measures: reliability and robustness. The method is illustrated with a real application from the automotive industry.
Investigation of the dynamics of 50% sliders using laser Doppler vibrometry

The dynamics of 50% style sliders are studied using laser Doppler vibrometry. Variations of air bearing frequencies detected from the upper and front surface of the slider are investigated as a function of disk velocity, suspension preload, and yaw angle. The experimental data is compared with numerical simulation results, and the dependence of air bearing stiffness and damping is investigated as a function of disk velocity. Results for the 50% slider are compared with those of 70% style sliders and full-size 330 style sliders. >
Interindividual variability in oral antidiabetic drug disposition and response: the role of drug transporter polymorphisms.

Background: Numerous effective oral pharmacologic therapies are available to treat type 2 diabetes. However, a substantial number of patients do not achieve the expected glucose-lowering response, or may be predisposed to adverse effects, from these agents. The application of pharmacogenetics to the field of type 2 diabetes is one step towards the goal of improved pharmacotherapeutic management of this progressive disease. Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted to identify clinical studies that have examined the extent to which drug-transporter gene polymorphisms influence interindividual variability in oral antidiabetic drug disposition and response in humans. Results/conclusion: Available data suggest that drug transporters play an important role in the disposition of some oral antidiabetic drugs in the body, particularly the meglitinides and metformin. Moreover, polymorphisms in genes encoding drug transport proteins may alter the pharmacodynamic profile of these agents. Drug transporters, d...
Flare and Hyperalgesia After Intradermal Capsaicin Injection in Human Skin

Flare and hyperalgesia after intradermal capsaicin injection in human skin. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2801-2810, 1998. We investigated the neurovascular mechanisms that determine the flare response to intradermal capsaicin injection in humans and delineated the associated areas of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. The flare response was monitored both visually and with infrared telethermography. The areas of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia were determined psychophysically. Thermography detected very large areas of flare. As an early event underlying the flare and before onset of the area of rubor of the skin, thermography detected the appearance of multifocal spots of increased temperature caused by dilatation of cutaneous arterioles. Repetition of capsaicin injection days apart into the same forearm induced multifocal spots of temperature elevation identical to the ones obtained in the first session, indicating dilatation of the same arterioles. Reactive hyperemia also consisted in the appearance of multifocal spots of increased temperature, which were identical to the ones reacting during the flare response, suggesting participation of the same arterioles in both events. Strips of local anesthetic placed to block cutaneous nerves prevented the spread of both the thermographic flare and associated hyperalgesia. It is inferred that the cutaneous nerve fibers responsible for the thermographic flare branch, or have coupled axons, over a long distance. The large area of flare coincided with the area of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. Equivalence of the areas of flare and mechanical and heat hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsaicin injection suggests that all three phenomena are the consequence of neural factors that operate peripherally.
A new variable reluctance motor utilizing an auxiliary commutation winding

A novel concept for solving the current commutation and energy circulation problems in conventional variable reluctance motors (VRMs) is presented. The concept enables the energy stored in the magnetic field to be retained and utilized within the motor instead of being returned to the source. A novel VRM and two companion converters are proposed and described. The operating principles of the motor and the converters are presented. Simulation results based on a linear model are presented to demonstrate the degree of improvement that can be realized. By retaining and utilizing the field energy within the machine by utilizing commutation windings, the new motors are free from the current commutation problem and excitation penalty normally associated with VRMs. Consequently, compared with conventional VRMs the new motors have (1) better turn-off and turn-on performance; (2) higher speed capacity; (3) higher torque density; and (4) potential for higher efficiency. >
A high‐power, broadband 245–285 GHz balanced frequency doubler in 45 nm SOI CMOS

A compact, broadband balanced frequency doubler that achieves state-of-the-art output power with a usable bandwidth of over 40 GHz (245–285 GHz) has been presented. This wide bandwidth is twice that of previously published CMOS doublers from 140 to 340 GHz, enabling emerging applications in wide bandwidth communication and radar at sub-THz frequencies. The doubler is designed and fabricated in a 45 nm SOI CMOS technology with an effective area of only 0.12 mm2. The frequency doubler exhibits −15 ± 1.5 dB conversion loss over 40 GHz bandwidth and can provide as high as 200 μW power while consuming 19 ± 1 mW dc power from a 1.1 V supply. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:423–426, 2016
Cigarette Smoking Reduction in Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder.

OBJECTIVES Nearly 95% of women with opioid use disorder continue to smoke cigarettes during pregnancy. Despite this prevalence and the well documented adverse effects of smoking on birth outcomes, cigarette smoking is underaddressed in this population. This study examines factors associated with successful smoking reduction among pregnant women with opioid use disorder and the impact of smoking reduction on maternal and birth outcomes. METHODS This study is a secondary data analysis of maternal smoking reduction and infant birth outcomes among pregnant women with opioid use disorder (N = 118), enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a contingency management intervention in which escalating monetary vouchers were provided to women who met escalating smoking-reduction targets. RESULTS Participants' ability to meet higher smoking reduction targets was associated with less cocaine use at baseline (P = 0.022), higher carbon monoxide levels at baseline (P = 0.039), fewer prior quit attempts (P = 0.016), participation in the contingency management intervention, and greater adherence with the parent trial protocol. Some clinically relevant associations were found between smoking reduction and birth outcomes, including birth weight, spontaneous abortions, and neonatal abstinence syndrome treatment, but these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Contingency management promotes smoking reduction, but other factors may be associated with such reduction, including baseline smoking and illicit drug use, prior quit attempts, and willingness to participate in the incentives program. Clinicians caring for pregnant women with opioid use disorder may see greater smoking behavior change if they first encourage smoking reduction before recommending smoking cessation. Future research is needed to determine the level of smoking reduction needed to positively impact birth outcomes.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Associated Factors (TRAFs) 2 and 3 Form a Transcriptional Complex with Phosho-RNA Polymerase II and p65 in CD40 Ligand Activated Neuro2a Cells

The tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) have been classically described as adaptor proteins that function as solely cytosolic signaling intermediates for the TNF receptor superfamily, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD, like receptors (NLRs), cytokine receptors, and others. In this study, we show for the first time that TRAFs are present within the cytoplasm and nucleus of Neuro2a cells and primary cortical neurons, and that TRAF2 and TRAF3 translocate into the nucleus within minutes of CD40L stimulation. Analysis of the transcriptional regulatory potential of TRAFs by luciferase assay revealed that each of the TRAFs differentially functions as a transcriptional activator or repressor in a cell-specific manner. Interestingly, ChIP-qPCR data demonstrate that TRAFs 2/3, p65, and pRNAPol II form part of a transcriptional complex on the Icam-1 gene promoter upon CD40L stimulation. We further determined that TRAF2 recruitment to the nucleus is critical for the ubiquitination of H2b, a transcription permissive epigenetic modification. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that TRAFs 2/3 participate in the formation of a CD40L-induced transcriptional complex in neuronal cells.
Controlling Environmental Crisis Messages in Uncontrollable Media Environments: The 2011 Case of Blue-Green Algae on Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, OK

This chapter documents a content analysis of 62 media reports related to the 2011 blue-green algae (BGA) outbreak on Grand Lake O’ the Cherokees, Oklahoma. A three-stage crisis model is used to understand the media framing and crisis communication related to the event. Media reports were categorized according to modality. The data set included: traditional media reports (n = 21, 33 %), online blogs (n = 7, 11 %), and online press releases (n = 34, 54 %). These units of analysis represent both controlled and uncontrolled media representations of the crisis event. The objectives of this analysis are to understand how risk and crisis communication strategies were utilized before, during, and after the BGA outbreak. Five strategies and techniques for improving crisis communication effectiveness are detailed. Limitations and implications are provided.
Ultrathin GaN quantum disk nanowire LEDs with sub-250 nm electroluminescence

By quantum confining GaN at monolayer thickness with AlN barriers inside of a nanowire, deep ultraviolet LEDs are demonstrated. Full three-dimensional strain dependent energy band simulations are carried out within multiple quantum disk (MQD) GaN/AlN nanowire superlattice heterostructures. It is found that, even within the same nanowire MQD, the emission energy of the ultrathin GaN QDs varies from disk to disk due to the changing strain distribution and polarization charge induced energy band bending along the axial nanowire direction. MQD heterostructures are grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy to form self-assembled catalyst-free nanowires with 1 to 2 monolayer thick GaN insertions within an AlN matrix. Photoluminescence peaks are observed at 295 nm and 283 nm from the 2 ML and 1 ML thick MQD samples, respectively. Polarization-doped nanowire LEDs are grown incorporating 1 ML thick GaN MQD active regions from which we observe deep ultraviolet electroluminescence. The shortest LED wavelength peak observed is 240 nm and attributed to electron hole recombination within 1 ML thick GaN QDs.
Comment on “Mechanisms of Postsynthesis Doping of Boron Nitride Nanostructures with Carbon from First-Principles Simulations”

A Comment on the Letter by Natalia Berseneva, Arkady V. Krasheninnikov, and Risto M. Nieminen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 035501 (2011). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Determination of Regional Blood Flow in Gastrointestinal Tract of Intact Animals

SummaryA technic is described for estimating regional blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract. This method utilizes the short range of the beta particle in tissue to limit the blood volume monitored by a special Geiger-Muller tube placed in the intestinal lumen.
VOID SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF WET-SPUN ACRYLIC FIBERS

Void size distributions of wet-spun acrylic fibers were studied by means of mercury porosimetry, X-ray small angle scattering and combined measurement of surface area and density:1. Measurements of the porosimetry revealed that first the void size distributions depend on the polymer compositions; the peaks of the distribution curve are at the radii of about 1000 A for fibers from acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl acrylate (MEA) copolymer, about 400 A for polyacrylonitrile fibers and fibers from AN, MEA and styrene sulfonate (SSS) terpolymer, about 100 A for fibers from AN and SSS or allyl sulfonate (SAS) copolymer, secondly the position of the peak shift to the small radius by stretching.2. The results obtained from the X-ray small angle scattering based on Fankuchen's method are similar to that obtained by porosimetry.3. Assuming that the frequency distribution of the void size takes gamma distribution, the mean radius (R_??_) and the number (N_??_) of the spherical voids are obtained by the following equations. where p is a parameter of gamma distribution function, d1 is toluene density, d2 is mercury density, A is surface area of fibers.Using the relationship between gamma distribution and x2 distribution, volume fraction of voids having radii larger than a certain value (Pr) can be estimated.4. The results obtained from applying the analytical method mentioned at (3) are as follows; first, R_??_is nearly equal to the radius at which void size distribution curve from porosimetry takes a maximum value. Secondly logarithm of the number of voids having smaller radii than 1000 A is linearly related to the X-ray small angle scattering power.
The Value of e m from the Zeeman Effect

The measurement of $\frac{e}{m}$ from the Zeeman effect of the red singlet lines of Cd and Zn has been repeated with careful attention to all of the sources of experimental uncertainty. The magnetic field has been measured, under the actual conditions of operation, with an uncertainty of about one part in three thousand. The final result is $\frac{e}{m}=1.7570\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010.$
A New Staining Technique For Microfilariae

A rapid whole mount staining method is described to identify and differentiate microfilariae without elaborate processing. A single solution combining Hoyer's mounting medium and hematoxylin stain facilitates light microscopic examination of nuclei and sheaths of microfilariae. The new technique stains microfilariae adequately in three to seven minutes at 60--64 C making the method preferable to conventional methods that may take as long as 45 to 60 minutes. Lantern heat may be used to heat slides in rural areas with good results.
Studies on the ticks and its transmission Lyme disease in Jilin province

Objective To explore the relationship between Lyme disease and tick. Methods Combining with seroepidemiology and identifying the ticks collected in Jilin province. Results The ticks collected in Jilin province were examined,2 family,5 genera,15 species were recorded. Conclusion Ixodes persulcatus was confirmed as Lyme disease vector.
Abstract 548: Variations in Venous Wall Strain Can Be Modeled and Measured Using IVUS-Derived Elastography

Objectives: Iliofemoral venous outflow stenting has been used to treat both acute and chronic venous thrombosis. It may be beneficial to understand the properties of the normal venous wall and the flow through collapsible tubes to develop new stent technology and improve long-term patency. We hypothesize that radial and circumferential strain can be modeled and measured using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) techniques to describe venous geometry and asymmetric vessel wall characteristics. Methods: A hydrogel phantom was used to mimic the mechanical properties of a homogeneous vein, including geometry and wall compliance. Radio-frequency (RF) echo frames were acquired using a modified IVUS system with an 8.5 Mhz catheter. All RF signals were digitized to 14 bits at 50 MHz. Radial strain was estimated by applying an intensity matching, image registration based algorithm to the digitized frames. Results: The radial strain images (Figure 1) show increasing positive strain (radial wall thickening) on the top and bottom of the phantom with decreasing negative values (radial wall thinning) at either side. Results suggest an asymmetric compression pattern typical of a vessel collapsing under negative pressure. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that novel strain analysis can be performed on a phantom vessel consistent with the mechanical properties of the venous system. Further work with venous elastography will help define the mechanical properties of the venous wall and facilitate the development of new stent technology to treat venous disease.