cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘To Kill’ and ‘To Die’ (and Other Suppletive Verbs) in Uto-Aztecan

Previous research has noted that verbal suppletion for ergative number agreement (i.e. agreement with the subjects of intransitives and the objects of transitives) is widespread throughout the Uto-Aztecan language family and is therefore reconstructable to Proto-Uto-Aztecan ( PUA ) (Langacker, 1977). However, no previous works have systematically surveyed the attested forms of suppletion in these languages nor posited specific proposals for reconstructions of particular suppletive morphs back to PUA . We redress this lacuna by surveying the suppletive verbs in the various subgroups of Uto-Aztecan and assessing which of those are sufficiently widespread to reconstruct to PUA . We argue for specific PUA reconstructions for two verbal domains: DIE and KILL , arguing that there were three distinct suppletive verb stems for marking these functions: *muku DIE.SG , *ko(i) DIE.PL , and *mɨɁa KILL.SG . The plural form of KILL in PUA was derived by adding a causative suffix *-ya to the plural stem for DIE , yielding *ko-ya. Other suppletive verbs in the family are not as easily reconstructable to PUA due to variation in attested forms, although some semantic functions seem to be widespread enough to be reconstructable. The PUA forms serving those functions would have been altered in different ways at different times by a lexical replacement process endemic to cases of strong suppletion, i.e. incursion (Juge, 2000). We also consider the issue of potential areal contact involving suppletion patterns in the areas where Uto-Aztecan languages are spoken, finding limited but suggestive evidence for possible areal effects involving suppletion for verbal number agreement.
Martha Morgan's Interviews

In the guise of employment interviews, this person is given three problems in the area of dividend policy. The problems illustrate the Modigliani-Miller theory of dividend irrelevance, the Gordon-Shapiro growth model, and the finite supernormal growth model. (See also UVA-F-0610.)
Anions and radicals as intermediates in the reductive coupling of disubstituted dichlorosilanes with sodium: trapping the intermediate radicals in polymerization of allyl- and hexenyldichlorosilanes

Polymerization of four monomers with alkenyl groups: allylmethyldichlorosilane, allylphenyldichlorosilane, 5-hexenylphenyldichlorosilane and 5-hexenylmethyldichlorosilane was studied by reductive coupling with sodium in the presence of ultrasound at ambient temperatures. Soluble homopolymers and copolymers with phenylmethyldichlorosilane with molecular weights Mn >10,000 were obtained for the first three monomers. UV and29Si NMR studies indicate a high degree of Si-Si catenation for allyl derivatives. Approximately half of the alkenyl groups remain in the polymer after a few hours. This indicates that after the formation of the polysilane backbone alkenyl groups are predominantly trapped intramolecularly in a process resembling cyclopolymerization of diallylsilanes. The main mechanistic conclusion is that in the reductive coupling process radicals are present as short living intermediates which are rapidly reduced to anions at higher polymerization degrees, but which are efficiently trapped at a monomeric or dimeric level. Thus, electron transfer proceeds in two one-electron transfer steps from a chloroterminated chain to a radical, and then to a macromolecular silyl anion. The latter reacts with a monomer via a nucleophilic substitution. Polymerization is an anionic chain growth process.
Direct regulation of the centrosome duplication cycle by the p53-p21Waf1/Cip1 pathway

The function of the centrosomes to direct mitotic spindles is critical for accurate chromosome transmission to daughter cells. Since each daughter cell inherits one centrosome, each centrosome must duplicate prior to the next mitosis, and do so only once. Thus, there are control mechanism(s) that ensure the coordinated progression of centrosome duplication and other cell cycle events (i.e. DNA synthesis), and limit centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle. Deregulation of the centrosome duplication cycle results in abnormal amplification of centrosomes, leading to aberrant mitoses and increased chromosome transmission errors. This has been found to be the case for cells lacking functional p53 tumor suppressor protein. However, it had remained to be determined whether the deregulation of the centrosome duplication cycle is the direct or indirect effect of loss/mutational inactivation of p53. Here, we found that the normal centrosome duplication cycle is almost completely restored in p53(-/-) cells by re-introduction of wild-type p53 at a physiologically relevant level, demonstrating that p53 is directly involved in the regulation of centrosome duplication. Since cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/cyclin E triggers DNA synthesis as well as centrosome duplication, we tested whether Waf1, a CDK inhibitor and a major target of p53's transactivation function, is an effector of p53-mediated regulation of centrosome duplication. We found that induced expression of Waf1 in p53(-/-) cells only partially restored the centrosome duplication control, suggesting that Waf1 comprises one of the multiple effector pathways of the p53-mediated regulation of the centrosome duplication cycle.
EFFECTS OF FAMILIARITY WITH MORE THAN ONE PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM ON EFFORT RATINGS OF PHONEMIC CCVCS

Ryan and Smith ( 1954) described the psychological experience of effort, e', as being the feeling of working hard or easily. Smith and Koutstaal (1969) found e' to be one of the dependent variables of speech. The perception of e' can be readily rated by naive subjects provided that they are given adequate instructions for the method of rating and are sensitized to observe the use of lips, tongue, and jaws in the vocalization of words. Koutstaal, Smith, and Knops (1972) believed that humans have a common physiology of speech. If so, ratings of d of vocalization or subvocalization of a common set of words by native speakers of different groups of languages should correlate consistently and significantly. They used the stimuli, instructions, and method of Smith and Koutstaal (1969), except that instructions were translated for the native languages of subjects. All intercorre!ations were significant and ranged from moderate to high and are evidence of moderate to high consistency of order of e' ratings across languages. Koutstaal, et al.'s (1972) subjects rated for e' the vocalizations of Greenberg and Jenkins' (1964) List 1 CCVCs (phonemes in the order of consonant, consonant, vowel, consonant). The CCVCs had been scaled for varying degrees of distance from American English, AE. Koutstaal and Smith (1975) noted that some e' ratings by Dutch raters were less than those of native speakers of AE. In part, we attribute this to phonological differences between the two systems. Whereas some phonemic sequences are permissible in one phonology, they are not in another. Concurrent with the nature of the phonological system (s) is the rater's familiarity with the system(s). By familiarity, we mean practice in auditory perception and vocal reproduction of the phoneme sequences of the sound system (s) . In addition to common physiological determinants of the e' of sound production, familiarity is also a likely determinant of perceived e'. The hypothesis, therefore, was that familiarity with multiple sound systems should reduce the over-all e' ratings of Greenberg and Jenkins' ( 1964) List I CCVCs. The procedure of Smith and Koutstaal (1969) and Koutstaal, et al. (1972) was replicated for 19 students at Brooklyn, CUNY, who were members of bi- or tri-lingual homes. Languages of the homes included AE, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish, and Yiddish. The words to be rated for e' were Greenberg and Jenkins' (1964) List 1 CCVCs. The assumption was that a person who is familiar (practiced in both auditory perception and vocal reproduction) with the phonological system of any pair of languages
On Indecomposable Projective Modules

If P is an indecomposable projective R-module generated by a countable set X, then, for some countable subring S of R, P contains an indecomposable projective S-module generated by X. The subring S may be chosen to inherit many standard ring-theoretic properties from R.
Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools of Zhoukou City during 2004-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools of Zhoukou City,and to provide evidence for prevention and control. Methods Data of public health emergencies in school setting was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method of network direct report of Zhoukou city. Results From 2004 to 2012,a total of 17 public health emergencies was reported,including 16 grade Ⅳ events( 94.12%) and 1 grade Ⅲ events( 5.88%). The attack rate was 14.27%. Public health emergencies were more often reported in rural areas than in urban areas( χ2= 126.52,P0.05). Infectious disease outbreaks were the most common( 88.23%). Outbreak of public health emergency reached a peak during March to June( 70.59%). About 88.23% of the emergencies took place in primary school in rural areas. Conclusion Public health emergencies in school-setting are very common,especially in rural areas. A school-wide education and action plan is necessary to respond to public health emergencies.
Teaching Mode Reform in the Courses of “Equipment of Fermentation Engineering”

In order to improve the teaching effect of fermentation engineering equipment course, the author tries to open 14 hours of discussion course for students who registered in 2011. According to the test analysis, and the comparison between traditional lecture-style teaching 2012.method and the discussion-style teaching method, the author finds that discussion-style 2013.teaching model is appropriate for students' physical truth. It can promote the students' knowledge understanding and application.
The relationship between insulin level and occupation in hypertensive

ObjectiveTo study the basicline of insulin and the mutual relationship between insulin and hypertention in zhuang with different occupations.MethodsThe fast blood pressure,fast insulin(FI)and postprandial insulin(PI)were measured at 8am to 9am in primary hypertensive group(n=301)(from teacher,worker and farmer),and compared with the control group(n=263).ResultsThe hypertensive group:the FI were 5.92±5.94(μIU/ml,the same as follow,in teacher group),8.90±3.56(in worker group)and 7.07±2.07(in farmer group) respectively,and was significantly higher in teachers group than that in workers(P0.01),and that in workers was higher than farmers(P0.01).And the PI were higher in workers compared with farmers(47.98±33.13 vs 30.95±13.37,P0.01),while no significant difference was noted between teachers and workers(57.83±47.99 vs 47.98±33.13,P0.05).The control group:the FI were 11.31±6.81,7.32±4.11 and 5.15±3.27 respectively,which was lower in workers compared with teachers(P0.01),however was much higher compared with farmers(P0.01).And the PI were higher in workers compared with farmers(36.84±28.53 vs 26.33±15.41,P0.01),but there was no significant difference between teachers and workers(40.55±33.76 vs 36.84±28.53,P0.05).With regard to the same occupation,the FI or PI was much higher in hypertensive group than that in control group(P0.01 or 0.05).ConclusionThe order of FI and PI for high level to low level in different occupation is:teachers,workers,and farmers,which may show that level of insulin is influenced with different level of physical labor.Otherwise,when refer to the same occupation,the level of insulin is much higher in hypertensive than that in control group.
Analysis on status quo of spousal notification of HIV infectors

Objective:To analyze the status quo of notifying HIV-infected persons' spouse.Methods:Questionnaire survey and qualitative interview were conducted among CDC staff,HIV infectors and their spouses.Results:Among the spouses,58.7% were notified by HIV infectors themselves,41.3% were notified by health care providers.After notification,22.0% of spouses thought the husband-wife relationship become worse,73.8% no change;87.7% of spouses implemented HIV testing.Three months prior to the survey,66.7% of infectors/patients used condom persistently,6.4% never used.The interview showed that spousal notification to spouse policy could help to urge the infector to notify his/her spouse by one's self,and increase the responsibility of staff conducting the notification.Conclusion:Spousal notification regulations were important.Condom accessibility should be improved.Spousal notification should be combined with spousal testing.Negative effects of notification to spouse should be reduced.
Use of a Balanced Bowel Preparation Solution in Urological Surgery

AbstractA balanced bowel preparation solution was used in 25 patients undergoing cystectomy and in 31 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. No significant problems occurred during the preparation, intraoperatively or postoperatively. Metronidazole and neomycin were used for antibiotic coverage. Consistent with the findings of other studies no significant physiological shifts occurred and patient acceptance was good. Savings were noted in cost, duration of hospitalization, time needed for nursing care and nutritional status. The balanced bowel preparation solution is an attractive and equally effective alternative to the standard laxative-enema bowel preparations for urological operations.
Effects of Aging on Hops and Liquid CO2 Hop Extracts

The effects of aging on hops and liquid CO2 hop extracts were studied for 29 months. A single lot of Willamette hops was extracted at approximately six-month intervals during the aging process. Pil...
Mining mixed-initiative dialogs

Human-computer dialogs are an important vehicle through which to produce a rich and compelling form of human-computer interaction. We view the specification of a human-computer dialog as a set of sequences of progressive interactions between a user and a computer system, and mine partially ordered sets, which correspond to mixing dialog initiative, embedded in these sets of sequences—a process we refer to as dialog mining—because partially ordered sets can be advantageously exploited to reduce the control complexity of a dialog implementation. Our mining losslessly compresses the specification of a dialog. We describe our mining algorithm and report the results of a simulation-oriented evaluation. Our algorithm is sound, and our results indicate that it can compress nearly all dialog specifications, and some to a high degree. This work is part of broader research on the specification and implementation of mixed-initiative dialogs.
Advances in III-V based dual-band MWIR/LWIR FPAs at HRL

Recent advances in superlattice-based infrared detectors have rendered this material system a solid alternative to HgCdTe for dual-band sensing applications. In particular, superlattices are attractive from a manufacturing perspective as the epitaxial wafers can be grown with a high degree of lateral uniformity, low macroscopic defect densities (< 50 cm-2) and achieve dark current levels comparable to HgCdTe detectors. In this paper, we will describe our recent effort on the VISTA program towards producing HD-format (1280x720, 12 μm pitch) superlattice based, dual-band MWIR/LWIR FPAs. We will report results from several multi-wafer fabrication lots of 1280x720, 12 μm pitch FPAs processed over the last two years. To assess the FPA performance, noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) measurements were conducted at 80K, f/4.21 and using a blackbody range of 22°C to 32°C. For the MWIR band, the NETD was 27.44 mK with a 3x median NETD operability of 99.40%. For the LWIR band, the median NETD was 27.62 mK with a 3x median operability of 99.09%. Over the course of the VISTA program, HRL fabricated over 30 FPAs with similar NETDs and operabilities in excess of 99% for both bands, demonstrating the manufacturability and high uniformity of III-V superlattices. We will also present additional characterization results including blinkers, spatial stability, modulation transfer function and thermal cycles reliability.
Efficient query processing for modern data management

Efficient query processing in any data management system typically relies on; (a) A profiling component that gathers statistics used to evaluate possible query execution plans, and (b) A planning component that picks the plan with the best predicted performance. For query processing in a range of new data management scenarios, e.g., query processing over data streams, and web services, traditional profiling and planning techniques developed for conventional relational database management systems are inadequate. This thesis develops several novel profiling and planning techniques to enable efficient query processing in these new scenarios. When data is arriving rapidly in the form of streams, and many registered queries must be continuously executed over this data, system resources such as memory and processing power may be stretched to their limit. First, for a class of computation-intensive queries, we describe how system throughput can be increased by exploiting sharing of computation among the registered queries. Then, for a class of memory-intensive queries, we consider the case when system memory is insufficient for obtaining exact answers, and give techniques for maximizing result accuracy under the given memory constraints. We then consider a distributed setting such as that of a sensor network, and give techniques for deciding the placement of query operators at network nodes in order to minimize system-wide consumption of resources. We then consider the scenario of web services, which have been emerging as a popular standard for sharing data and functionality among loosely-coupled systems. For queries involving multiple web services, we give algorithms for finding the optimal execution plan. Finally, we turn to the profiling component, and describe new techniques for gathering statistics by not looking at the data but only at the query results. Such a technique is required when data access for collecting statistics is infeasible, as for web services, but can also be useful in traditional databases.
Regulation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Synthesis in Placenta, Choriocarcinoma, and Non-Placental Tumors

The genes coding for human chorionic gonadotronin (hCG) constitute a particularly valuable system for exploration of the molecular events underlying changes in gene expression during both fetal development and tumorigenesis. HCG is a glycoprotein tropic hormone consisting of two dissimilar, non-covalently linked polypeptide subunits: α (hCGα) and β (hCGβ) (Morgan and Canfield, 1971). This peptide hormone is normally synthesized by the placental syncytiotrophoblasts (Midgley and Pierce, 1962; Dreskin et al., 1970). However, ectopic synthesis of hCG and its subunits has been demonstrated in many nontrophoblastic tumors and tumor-derived cell lines (Tashjian et al., 1973; Rosen and Weintraub, 1974; Rosen et al., 1975; Ghosh and Cox, 1976; Chou et al., 1976; Lieblich et al., 1976). The appearance of these proteins in nontrophoblastic tumors indicates a radical change in the control mechanism for the synthesis of these proteins after transformation (Rosen et al., 1975).
A 53–61GHz Low-Power PLL With Harmonic Positive Feedback VCO in 65nm CMOS

A 53–61GHz low-power charge-pump PLL is presented. This integer-N type-II PLL employs a class-D V-band VCO and a divide-by-1024 chain. The first divider in the chain is an inductor-less divide-by-4 injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD). The proposed PLL is fabricated in a standard 65nm CMOS process. The VCO employs a harmonic positive feedback technique to boost the fundamental signal swing, which leads to better phase noise performance at low supply voltage and DC power consumption compared to prior work. The VCO consumes the minimum power of 10.6mW from 0.8V supply. The PLL achieves a wide tuning range of 13% from 53.35- to 60.83-GHz and a phase noise of −88 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, while consuming a minimum DC power of 48mW. This PLL can be used as part of the LO generation network for millimeter-wave phased-array transceivers.
Chaos and Multifractality

In this Chapter, basic concepts of fractal in nonlinear dynamical systems will be presented as an introduction. The fractal generation rules will be presented for nonrandom and random fractals. The multifractals based on the single- and joint-multifractal measures will be presented. Multifractality of chaos generated by period-doubling bifurcation will be presented via a geometrical approach and self-similarity. Fractality of hyperbolic chaos will be discussed.
Allometric Analysis of Brain Size

Fossil brains (endocasts) have many quantifiable features, the most reliable of which is the size. These fossil endocasts of the cranial cavity can be measured for volume and surface area, as measures of the anatomy of the brain, with modern digitizing technologies. Nonavian dinosaurs during the Mesozoic were reptilian in brain size and brain morphology. Birds and mammals became more encephalized, relatively larger-brained, as they evolved. Neocortex became more prominent in evolving mammals, most prominent in primates, but probably at least slightly enlarged in all lineages.
The economic context of past and future Bulgarian fertility.

Synthesis of Easterlin's work on cycles in period fertility with Kornai's description of classical socialist economic systems leads to a theoretical expectation that in such socialist systems, entry of large cohorts into the labour force will stimulate rather than depress period fertility. Since this expectation matches the historical experience of Bulgaria under communism extremely well, the basic logic is used to project alternate series of fertility rates to 2020 based on future changes in relative cohort size and two contrasting assumptions about the direction of the Bulgarian economy.
COMPARTMENTATION OF METABOLITES BETWEEN CYTOSOL AND MITOCHONDRIA IN RAT LIVER CELLS

Isolated rat liver cells were lysed within msec, by a technique employing turbulent shearing forces, and exposed to mitochondrial anion transport inhibitors to prevent changes of metabolite distribution. The cytosolic and particulate fractions were separated by rapid centrifugation of the disrupted cells through silicone oil. The ΔpH (pHin-pHout) across the mitochondrial membrane was calculated from the anion gradients of citrate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate, glutamate and pyruvate (0.41±0.02 pH units). Alanine, as expected, was evenly distributed. Calculation of mass action ratios showed that cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenases deviated from equilibrium while the transaminases were near-equilibrium in the presence of lactate and NH3 ± oleate or ethanol. Concentrations of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate and glutamata were measured under these conditions by the disruption technique and fitted to the glutamate-aspartate translocator rate equation obtained from studies with isolated mitochondria. The rate of aspartate efflux predicted in this manner was compared with fluxes which were calculated assuming transfer of reducing equivalents from cytosol to mitochondria either entirely via the malate-aspartate or other shuttle systems. The percent contribution of the malate-aspartate cycle to removal of reducing equivalents was thus determined. In the presence of lactate and NH3, 27% contribution was obtained, while oleate, ethanol or cycloserine addition inhibited flux through this cycle.
Participation and Efficiency in the New York Financial Transmission Rights Markets

As many authors have observed, the allocation of scarce transmission capacity presents a major market design challenge. The electric power system is subject to generation and transmission technology constraints that make it difficult to define tradable property rights for physical transmission. This difficulty has led economists to instead create markets for financial transmission rights (FTRs) settled against the congestion price component of locational marginal prices (LMPs) (Hogan 1992). This market structure has been increasingly adopted in the United States and other countries.
MOMENT FRAME CONNECTIONS REVISITED: A FUNDAMENTAL FRACTURE MECHANICS APPROACH

The Northridge earthquake in 1994 awoke the engineering design community to a problem that had been, literally, “hidden” until then. Covered by fireproofing or closed behind ceilings, steel moment connections were revealed to have sustained not only severe damage during this most recent earthquake, but also gave indication that previous earthquakes had contributed to their current state of distress. The performance of the moment-frame in seismic regions has hitherto raised no concern. Observations of the behavior of experimental specimens and existing structures have reinforced the confidence placed on this structural system’s ability to resist lateral forces and sides way. An extensive survey of the California buildings, however, has exposed the fact that the simple design rules practiced since the 1950’s, are no longer satisfactory (Chen and Yamaguchi, 1996).
Identification of androgen receptors in rabbit lacrimal gland by immunohistochemsitry.

It has been reported that androgens play an important role in supporting the structure and function of the lacrimal gland. Androgen deficiency may be linked to the progression of lacrimal gland dysfunction and dry eye.1 Sjogren’s syndrome is primarily a female disease, with 90% of Sjogren’s syndrome patients being women. Recently Sullivan et al.2 reported that women with Sjogren’s syndrome are androgen deficient.
Development of pharmacy resident leadership skills through creation of a regional ambulatory care forum

Abstract Background and purpose Action-based leadership activities help refine leadership skills. This paper describes an experiential, longitudinal leadership experience for post-graduate year two (PGY2) pharmacy residents in ambulatory care. Educational activity and setting As part of a leadership and advocacy rotation, two PGY2 ambulatory care pharmacy residents collaborated with a state association, North Carolina Association of Pharmacists, to co-chair a newly formed regional ambulatory care forum in the western part of the state. The residents developed charges for the group, directed and organized the leadership team meetings, moderated the member events of approximately 30 participants, and served as liaisons to the state association and its members. Two residency preceptors who supervised the academic and leadership experiences for the residency program provided oversight for the residents with the forum. Residents completed written and oral self-reflections, received formative feedback from the forum's leadership team and leadership preceptor, participated in a 360-degree leadership evaluation, and received quarterly summative evaluations. Findings Skills developed included leading a group, event planning, advocacy, networking, communication, professional writing, creating a shared vision, teamwork, and collaboration. Summary Serving in leadership roles within professional organizations can provide PGY2 pharmacy residents with practical hands-on leadership opportunities to help prepare them for positional and non-positional leadership roles in the future.
The epidemiology of autologous tissue grafting in primary and revision rhinoplasty.

Objectives/hypothesis To determine the percentage of primary versus revision rhinoplasty cases that require an extranasal source of grafting, as well as age and gender-specific trends. Study design Cross-sectional analysis of multistate ambulatory surgery and hospital databases. Methods Ambulatory rhinoplasty procedures were extracted from the State Ambulatory Surgery Databases for New York, Kentucky, North Carolina, Michigan, and Florida for 2014 to 2015. Cases were examined for simultaneous use of extranasal grafts. Results A total of 8,510 rhinoplasties were extracted (65.3% female, mean age = 35.6 years), and 11.9% were revision cases (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.2-12.6). An extranasal, autologous source of grafting was required in 12.7% of cases (5.3% auricular, 95% CI: 4%-6.6%; 1.8% costal, 95% CI: 1%-2.6%). Revision cases were more likely to require a secondary source of grafting (24.4%, 95% CI: 21.8%-27.1% vs. 11.1%, 95% CI: 10.3%-11.8%). In revision cases, the most common graft was auricular cartilage (14.4%, 95% CI: 12.2%-16.6%) followed by costal (7.1%, 95% CI: 5.52%-8.69%). Only 1.1% of primary cases required costal cartilage (95% CI: 0.88%-1.36%) compared to 7.1% of revision cases (95% CI: 5.52%-8.69%). Of the primary cases, 4.1% required auricular cartilage grafting (95% CI: 3.67%-4.57%) compared to 14.4% of revision cases (95% CI: 12.2%-16.6%). Patients who required a graft were older. Significantly more males required autologous grafting than females (P = .047). Conclusions Cartilaginous or bony grafting is a critical surgical technique in both primary and secondary rhinoplasties. This is the first study to examine percentages of site-specific autologous grafting from auricular and costal donor sites for primary and revision cases. Gender and age-specific trends associated with specific grafting sites are also identified. These data are important to help guide preoperative counseling and informed consent for all rhinoplasty surgeries. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 129:1549-1553, 2019.
Introduction: A Special Note on the Heightened Effects of Urban Marginality in the Trump Era

Democracy, diversity, and what most might consider decency, all may be under siege in the Americas, and much of that attack is emanating from the US in the Trump era. With the increasing disregard of human and civil rights, inside the US, at its borders, and in Puerto Rico, it is difficult and possibly unprecedented to imagine a time other than Antebellum slavery when the US has been so at odds with its creed. However, these growing challenges are not confined to the US. Marginality of nondominant groups is on the rise throughout the hemisphere, with various and few positive outcomes. This chapter posits a clear and present concern, and outlines how the authors in ensuing chapters interrogate this moment in the Americas.
Engineering Innovation in Speech Science: Data and Technologies

Purpose As increasing amounts and types of speech data become accessible, health care and technology industries increasingly demand quantitative insight into speech content. The potential for speec...
Liberty of the Exercise of Religion in the Peace of Westphalia

This essay takes a fresh look at the backdrop and structure of toleration and religious freedom in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and in the American Constitution, with special focus on a recent unanimous Supreme Court decision of first impression. That important decision protects inner church freedoms in ecclesiastical employment, the so-called "Ministerial Exception" to federal and state employment discrimination laws. The Westphalian system of sovereign states spread widely after ending the Christian wars in Europe, beginning with the American Declaration of Independence. I ask whether there is any link between provisions for free exercise of religion in the Treaty and the Religion Clauses of the American Constitution and compare them structurally. The roots of religious tolerance worked out in the structure and practice of the Peace of Westphalia might have special relevance within the global community today, when ubiquitous tensions between liberty of conscience, secular ideology, and religion are faced by most sovereign states, certainly in the United States.
Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources for the MNC Subsidiary

While there is a rich literature of knowledge inflows into the multinational subsidiary, the literature is rooted in how subsidiaries inherit knowledge from the headquarters (HQ). We build on the p...
Computing the 3-D Structure of Viruses from Electron Microscope Images

Statistical methods for computing multiple 3-D reconstructions from cryo electron microscope images (noisy 2-D projections in unknown orientations) of mixtures of assembly mutants of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle virus are described.
Alternative Silvicultural Approaches to Managing Jack Pine Plantations for Endangered Species Habitat and Forest Products

Since the early 1980s, ca 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of high-density jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations have been established annually in northern Lower Michigan to serve as habitat for the federally endangered Kirtland’s warbler (KW; Setophaga kirtlandii). Because these plantations do not appear capable of producing merchantable sawlogs by their planned 50-year harvest age, we investigated the potential to implement reduced rotation lengths in these stands to produce biomass and/or pulpwood. We used space-for-time substitution to assess biomass and volume accrual over time, using our own locally derived allometric biomass equations. The predicted optimal rotation age for biomass was 20 years, and the predicted optimal rotation age for pulpwood volume was 28 years. We compared the total land area required for management under these rotation scenarios to continue establishing 1,550 hectares (3,800 ac) of KW habitat annually. Management on the current 50-year cycle requires ca 77,500 hectares (191,500 ac). Management for pulpwood would reduce this to ca 43,400 hectares (107,250 ac), and management for biomass would require ca 31,000 hectares (76,600 ac). Our results suggest that rotation lengths in these plantations could be substantially reduced, allowing for reductions in the total land area dedicated to warbler habitat, allowing for diversification of management at the landscape scale.
Small Modular Reactors in Canada: Eroding Public Oversight and Canada’s Transition to Sustainable Development

The civil nuclear power industry has been moribund since prohibitive construction costs and the Chernobyl disaster effectively halted the construction of new reactors in the 1980s. With many of Canada’s nuclear reactors now approaching the end of their operational lives, the survival of the civil nuclear industry is increasingly viewed as contingent upon the commercialization of so-called ‘Small Modular Reactors’ (SMR). SMRs are compact nuclear reactor designs, producing from 1 to 300 MW of electricity, with design features promised to overcome the challenges that have historically prevented the expansion of nuclear power. Canadian SMR proponents argue that due to their small size, SMRs are suitable for providing power for resource extractive and heavy industries, decentralized on-grid generation, and replacing diesel generation in remote communities. Proponents also portray SMRs as a needed component in a low-carbon society. Nevertheless, recent events indicate that the success of this technology is contingent upon the lessening of Canada’s environmental and safety requirements, and government shouldering the risks accompanying their development and operation. This chapter will explore the alleged barriers to SMR development in the context of past failures to commercialize new innovative reactor designs. It will also consider how industry-based policy and law reform requests undermine public oversight of nuclear safety in Canada and impedes Canada’s transition to sustainable development.
Online Ratings for Vascular Interventional Proceduralists Vary by Physician Specialty.

Background Multiple specialties offer vascular interventional care, creating potential competition for referrals and procedures. At the same time, patient/consumer ratings have become more impactful for physicians who perform vascular procedures. We hypothesized that there are differences in online ratings based on specialty. Methods We used official program lists from the Association for Graduate Medical Education to identify institutions with training programs in integrated vascular surgery (VS), integrated interventional radiology (IR), and interventional cardiology (IC). Faculty providers were identified in each specialty at these institutions. A standardized search was performed to collect online ratings from Vitals.com, Healthgrades.com, and Google.com as well as from online demographics. Between specialty differences were analyzed using chi-squared and analysis of variance tests as appropriate. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify factors associated with review volume and star rating. Results A total of 1,330 providers (n = 454 VS, n = 451 IR, n = 425 IC) were identified across 47 institutions in 27 states. VS (55.5%–69.4%) and IC (63.8%–71.1%) providers were significantly more likely to have reviews than IR (28.6%–48.8%) providers across all online platforms (P Conclusions On average, vascular surgeons have more reviews and are more highly rated than interventional radiologists but tend to have fewer reviews and lower ratings than interventional cardiologists. VS providers may benefit from encouraging patients to file online reviews, especially in competitive markets.
Abstract B43: A serum protein biomarker signature for the detection of early stages of ovarian cancer

The two bes- known ovarian cancer biomarkers, CA125 and HE4, are neither adequately sensitive nor specific to be used to screen the general population for early stages of ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiprotein classifier that would combine additional protein biomarkers with CA125 and HE4 in order to increase their sensitivity and specificity. We used the Olink Proseek Multiplex Oncology II panel to simultaneously quantify the expression levels of 92 cancer-related proteins using proximity extension assay technology. We analyzed serum from two institutions: 143 women with early-stage (I/II) ovarian cancer (serous, endometrioid, clear-cell, mucinous, and others) and compared the values obtained to 341 age-matched healthy women. We identified 24 proteins whose relative expression between cancers and controls was significantly different between the samples from the two institutions; therefore, we removed these proteins from downstream analysis. Principle Component Analysis and T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding separated the ovarian cancer samples from the healthy controls, with minimal misclassification. Data from the Proseek plates for CA125 levels exhibited a strong correlation with previously measured clinical values for CA125 (correlation coefficient of 0.81). CA125 and HE4 were detected at low levels in samples from healthy women, while higher levels were observed in the early-stage ovarian cancer cases. We identified 31 proteins that differed significantly (p Citation Format: Amy P. Skubitz, Kristin L. Boylan, Timothy K. Starr, Xuan Pu, Qing Cao, Kate Geschwind, Robert C. Bast, Jr., Karen H. Lu, Joseph Celestino, Ashley J. Petersen. A serum protein biomarker signature for the detection of early stages of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
Tournament Incentive Plans Incorporating Objective and Subjective Criteria: Implications for a Geographically Dispersed Organization

Using data from a retail chain, this paper studies the effects of a preferential plan providing incentives only to exemplary employees. Such plans incorporate elements of tournaments (through the selection of employees chosen largely on the basis of past performance but incorporating some managerial discretion) and linear incentives to align employees with company goals and values. We find that, on average, the implementation of the preferential incentive plan was associated with improvements in sales. Also, we find that this plan was associated with greater improvements in sales and gross profits, and reductions in the incidence of bad audits in stores where employees were initially less likely to be aligned with company goals. However, the plan was associated with lower sales and gross profits, and higher incidence of bad audits, absenteeism, and turnover in some situations where employees could have perceived the plan to be unattainable or unfair. Our study sheds light on the impact of preferential incentive plans, and the conditions under which these plans are more or less effective.
Prospects for a Tunable, High Power CH 3 F Laser

Laser pumping of CH 3 F with high intensity radiation [1] from a grating tuned CO 2 TEA has produced Raman far-infrared (FIR) emission with pump offsets as large as 20 GHz. Analysis of these results suggests that a nearly continuously tunable FIR laser could be constructed if a tunable pump source were utilized. This system would be similar in principle to the tunable FIR sources using the diatomic molecules HF [2] and HCL [3]. A tunable CH 3 F laser, however, would have the advantages of a higher overall efficiency and narrower bandwidth. We present a theoretical analysis which predicts the tuning behavior of such a tunable CH 3 F laser. Data previously taken [1] with a grating tuned CO 2 TEA laser are used to determine the necessary pump intensity and the operating pressure.
A Habermasian Approach to the Examination of Language Teachers’ Cognitive Interests

Language teacher educators train pre-service teachers in numerous theories and pedagogical practices of language learning and language teaching. They expect that their student teachers will translate this conceptual and practical knowledge into action during their practicum. However, in the process of determining pre-service teachers’ readiness for the field experience and the profession in general, methods classes measure only their conceptual knowledge and omit looking at their student teachers’ belief system about language teaching and learning. This belief system is a strong indicator of how the students organize their knowledge for application (Borg, 2003) and may help teacher educators gauge students’ read ness in the use of new pedagogies that these pre-service teachers may not have experienced before. Using two reflective essays and a piece of authentic assessment as instruments to gather data, as well as Jurgen Habermas’s theory on cognitive interests as a framework to explore the espoused beliefs of nine pre-service language teachers at the end of a methodscourse, this qualitative study addressed the following questions: What levels of cognitive interests do the nine pre-service world language and ESL teachers exhibit prior to student teaching? To what extent do the students’ levels of cognitive interests change during the methods course called Teaching a Second Language? What are the most common cognitive interests regarding such areas of teaching performance, such as methodology and assessment among the participants? The results show that the nine pre-service teachers held mostly technicaland some practical cognitive interests at the beginning of the semester. In the end, most of the participants held practical interests, and three out of the nine pre-service teachers held elementary emancipatory beliefs. One pedagogical recommendation is to include experiences in the training of pre-service teachers that promote emancipatory beliefs that could support teachers in their pursuit of transforming challenging social conditions while examining and adopting new pedagogies.
Global Dispute Resolution Conference: Reflections, Trends, and Continued Development

The Global Dispute Resolution Conference brought together scholars, students, attorneys, and professionals from across the country. Co-hosted by Pepperdine’s Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution and Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, the event drew perspectives from a wide range of cultures, areas of ADR, and career experiences. Grouped into two full days with distinct focuses, the conference covered topics from commercial ADR to the significance of history, culture, and faith. To open the discussion, Professor Muamar Salameh of PMU spoke to the audience on the importance of accepting the global differences in legal systems within international dispute resolution. His remarks were followed by Pepperdine’s President Jim Gash, who highlighted the need for compassion and actively willing the good of the other for the other as global parties work together to find common ground. This paper provides highlights of the major dispute resolution topics and trends addressed throughout the conference, as well as key takeaways for the continuous development of the field.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Is Associated With a Lower Rate of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Compared to Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background Several studies have reported lower perioperative complications with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) than with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, there is a paucity of data analyzing the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in similar patients undergoing UKA and TKA. As such, we sought to analyze the incidence of UKA and TKA PJI in a large matched population. Material and Methods The Mariner data set of the PearlDiver database was queried for all patients undergoing UKA or TKA during 2010-2017. Included patients were required to have at least 2 years of database inclusion after surgery. Patients were then matched at a 1:3 ratio (UKA:TKA) on age, gender, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, tobacco use, and obesity. Rates of PJI requiring operative intervention within 90 days and 1 year were calculated. Results In total, 5636 patients having undergone UKA were matched to 16,890 patients having undergone TKA. Fifteen (0.27%) after UKA and 79 (0.47%) after TKA had a PJI surgically managed within 90 days (risk ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.33-0.99, P = .04). Thirty (0.53%) after UKA and 136 (0.81%) after TKA had a PJI surgically managed within 1 year (risk ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.45-0.98, P = .04). Conclusions In a large group of rigorously matched patients, UKA was associated with a significantly lower rate of surgically managed PJI than TKA at 90 days and 1 year; however, the rate of PJI in both groups remained low at <1% at 90 days and 1 year.