cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filamentous phage integration requires the host recombinases XerC and XerD

Many bacteriophages and animal viruses integrate their genomes into the chromosomal DNA of their hosts as a method of promoting vertical transmission. Phages that integrate in a site-specific fashion encode an integrase enzyme that catalyses recombination between the phage and host genomes1,2. CTXφ is a filamentous bacteriophage that contains the genes encoding cholera toxin, the principal virulence factor of the diarrhoea-causing Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae3. CTXφ integrates into the V. cholerae genome in a site-specific manner4,5; however, the ∼6.9-kilobase (kb) CTXφ genome does not encode any protein with significant homology to known recombinases. Here we report that XerC and XerD, two chromosome-encoded recombinases that ordinarily function to resolve chromosome dimers at the dif recombination site6, are essential for CTXφ integration into the V. cholerae genome. The CTXφ integration site was found to overlap with the dif site of the larger of the two V. cholerae chromosomes. Examination of sequences of the integration sites of other filamentous phages indicates that the XerCD recombinases also mediate the integration of these phage genomes at dif-like sites in various bacterial species.
Occult hypoperfusion and mortality in patients with suspected infection.

Objective To determine, in the early stages of suspected clinically significant infection, the independent relationship of the presenting venous lactate level to 28-day in-hospital mortality.
Electron transport through a conjugated molecule with carbon nanotube leads

A model carbon nanotube $(\mathrm{CNT})\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{CNT}$ structure is studied to understand electron transport through an interface between two conjugated systems. The conductance of the $\mathrm{CNT}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{CNT}$ structures strongly depends on the bonding angle of the ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{CNT}$ bond. The minimum-energy relaxed geometry is relatively coplanar. The relationship of the conductance on the length of the ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}$ depends on the geometry of the ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{CNT}$ interface. In the coplanar geometry, the conductance decreases with the length of the ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}$. In the perpendicular geometry, the conductance increases with the length of the ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H})}_{n}$. Calculations are performed using the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism and tight-binding density functional theory.
Data analysis in emission tomography using emission-count posteriors

A novel approach to the analysis of emission tomography data using the posterior probability of the number of emissions per voxel (emission count) conditioned on acquired tomographic data is explored. The posterior is derived from the prior and the Poisson likelihood of the emission-count data by marginalizing voxel activities. Based on emission-count posteriors, examples of Bayesian analysis including estimation and classification tasks in emission tomography are provided. The application of the method to computer simulations of 2D tomography is demonstrated. In particular, the minimum-mean-square-error point estimator of the emission count is demonstrated. The process of finding this estimator can be considered as a tomographic image reconstruction technique since the estimates of the number of emissions per voxel divided by voxel sensitivities and acquisition time are the estimates of the voxel activities. As an example of a classification task, a hypothesis stating that some region of interest (ROI) emitted at least or at most r-times the number of events in some other ROI is tested. The ROIs are specified by the user. The analysis described in this work provides new quantitative statistical measures that can be used in decision making in diagnostic imaging using emission tomography.
Manufacturing cell formation using an improved p -median model

Abstract The p -median model objective function is modified for the cell formation problem to minimize the variability between parts in a group by considering part similarity to all other parts in the group instead of similarity to an arbitrary median. The heuristic vertex substitution method for solution of the part grouping problem is adapted for this objective function and then modified to provide improved starting points. The theoretical lower bound for the heuristic is developed and shown to be valid for all solutions. Worst case run time is shown to be O( n 2 ) or O( n 3 ) for distance matrix or network inputs respectively. Tests on published problems show that the proposed p -median model method provides as good or better objective function value (OFV) than the OFV of a p -median model in which parts are grouped to an arbitrary median. Likewise the new p -median model is shown, for these published problems, to give as good or better OFV than the algorithms reported by the original authors of the problem. The test problems suggest that other measures of solution quality such as bottlenecks and duplicate machines in addition to OFV become important measures of solution quality for dense problems.
Outcomes after Total Skin-sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Reconstruction in 657 Breasts

Total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSSM), a technique comprising removal of all breast and nipple tissue while preserving the entire skin envelope, is increasingly offered to women for therapeutic and prophylactic indications. However, standard use of the procedure remains controversial as a result oft concerns regarding oncologic safety and risk of complications. Outcomes from a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing TSSM and immediate breast reconstruction from 2001 to 2010 were reviewed. Outcome measures included postoperative complications, tumor involvement of the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) on pathologic analysis, and cancer recurrence. TSSM was performed on 657 breasts in 428 patients. Indications included in situ cancer [111 breasts (16.9 %)], invasive cancer [301 breasts (45.8 %)], and prophylactic risk-reduction [245 breasts (37.3 %)]. A total of 210 patients (49 %) had neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 78 (18.2 %) had adjuvant chemotherapy, and 114 (26.7 %) had postmastectomy radiotherapy. Nipple tissue contained in situ cancer in 11 breasts (1.7 %) and invasive cancer in 9 breasts (1.4 %); management included repeat excision (7 cases), NAC removal (9 cases), or radiotherapy without further excision (4 cases). Ischemic complications included 13 cases (2 %) of partial nipple loss, 10 cases (1.5 %) of complete nipple loss, and 78 cases (11.9 %) of skin flap necrosis. Overall locoregional recurrence rate was 2 % (median follow-up 28 months), with a 2.4 % rate observed in the subset of patients with at least 3 years’ follow-up (median 45 months). No NAC skin recurrences were observed. In this large, high-risk cohort, TSSM was associated with low rates of NAC complications, nipple involvement, and locoregional recurrence.
Human Time-Frequency Acuity Beats the Fourier Uncertainty Principle

The time-frequency uncertainty principle states that the product of the temporal and frequency extents of a signal cannot be smaller than 1/(4 π). We study human ability to simultaneously judge the frequency and the timing of a sound. Our subjects often exceeded the uncertainty limit, sometimes by more than tenfold, mostly through remarkable timing acuity. Our results establish a lower bound for the nonlinearity and complexity of the algorithms employed by our brains in parsing transient sounds, rule out simple "linear filter" models of early auditory processing, and highlight timing acuity as a central feature in auditory object processing.
Effect of Mixed Sol-gel Precursors on the Metal-oxo Phase Within a UV-Curable Silicone Hybrid Material

An inorganic hybrid material was produced using a polysiloxane binder and metal-oxo-clusters which were derived from sol-gel precursors. The continuous phase is composed of an elastomeric polysiloxane functionalized with cycloaliphatic epoxide groups. Pendant alkoxy silane groups serve as a coupling agent to form a network between the metal-oxo-clusters and the crosslinked polysiloxane. Methyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl substituted polysiloxanes were formulated with a variety of sol-gel precursors (tetraethylorthosilicate oligomers, titanium(IV) iso-propoxide, zirconium(IV) propoxide, and zinc acetate). Phase-modulated FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid state 29 Si NMR, and solid state 13 C NMR were used to investigate the internal structure of the mixed metal-oxo/silicon-oxo colloids prepared within the cured polysiloxane matrix. Results indicate that the cycloaliphatic groups inhibit the complete hydrolysis and condensation of the pendant triethoxysilane group and reaction of the sol-gel precursors. Analysis also indicated that the metal-oxo-clusters were comprised of mixed species of sol-gel precursors resulting in hetero-bonded (Si-O-Metal) colloids.
The PIM1 kinase is a critical component of a survival pathway activated by docetaxel and promotes survival of docetaxel-treated prostate cancer cells.

A defining characteristic of solid tumors is the capacity to divide aggressively and disseminate under conditions of nutrient deprivation, limited oxygen availability, and exposure to cytotoxic drugs or radiation. Survival pathways are activated within tumor cells to cope with these ambient stresses. We here describe a survival pathway activated by the anti-cancer drug docetaxel in prostate cancer cells. Docetaxel activates STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity, which in turns induces expression of the PIM1 gene, encoding a serine-threonine kinase activated by many cellular stresses. Expression of PIM1 improves survival of docetaxel-treated prostate cancer cells, and PIM1 knockdown or expression of a dominant-negative PIM1 protein sensitize cells to the cytotoxic effects of docetaxel. PIM1 in turn mediates docetaxel-induced activation of NFκB transcriptional activity, and PIM1 depends in part on RELA/p65 proteins for its prosurvival effects. The PIM1 kinase plays a critical role in this STAT3 → PIM1 → NFκB stress response pathway and serves as a target for intervention to enhance the therapeutic effects of cytotoxic drugs such as docetaxel.
Surface characterization study of a Pd/Co3O4 methane oxidation catalyst

A surface characterization study using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) has been performed on a 5 wt.% Pd/Co3O4 methane oxidation catalyst before and after exposure to a mixture of CH4 and O2 in N2 at 250 °C for a period of 6 days. The primary peaks observed in the XPS survey spectra are the Co 2p, Pd 3d, O 1s and C 1s, along with Co, Pd and O Auger peaks. High-resolution Pd 3d spectra reveal that Pd exists on the surface predominantly as PdO, with no apparent change in chemical state during reaction. High-resolution XPS Co 2p and O 1s spectra reveal an accumulation of CoOOH and a depletion of CoO in the near-surface region during reaction. ISS analysis with intermittent 1-keV Ar+ sputtering was used to obtain depth profiles from the catalyst before and after reaction. The results indicate that the Pd/Co concentration ratio decreases with sputtering and that this ratio is larger for the as-prepared catalyst indicating that morphological changes occur during reaction. The ISS depth profile spectra obtained from the catalyst after reaction indicates the presence of an oxyhydroxide layer throughout the near-surface region. This observation is consistent with the XPS data indicating accumulation of hydroxide and oxyhydroxide species at the surface during reaction. Based on these data and the results of related studies, a reaction mechanism is proposed. In this mechanism, methane dissociatively chemisorbs to form a surface methoxy species and CoOOH. The remaining hydrogen atoms are stripped from the methoxy species leaving an active adsorbed C species which reacts with surface oxygen and a hydroxyl group to form an adsorbed bicarbonate ion which then decomposes to form CO2 and a surface hydroxyl group. These hydroxyl groups also react to form H2O and then more O2 adsorbs dissociatively at the vacant sites.
Characterization of ribosomes from the seed of Pinus lambertiana

Abstract Ribosomes isolated from seeds of the sugar pine, Pinus lambertiana , have been characterized: The ribosome has a sedimentation coefficient ( s 20,w 0 ) of 78·2 S and contains 41 % RNA and 58 % protein. On dialysis against buffer containing 0·5-1 mM MgCl 2 , the ribosome was reversibly transformed into an intermediate form (60 S ). Further removal of Mg 2+ causes the intermediate ribosome to dissociate into subunits (30 S and 40 S ). Treatment of the intermediate ribosome with p -chloromercuribenzoic acid caused the dissociation of the particle into subunits. Incubating the 80 S ribosome with the sulfhydryl reagent caused a rapid transformation of the particle into an intermediate type particle. These results suggest that sulfhydryl groups are involved not only in associating the subunits but also in maintaining the compact structure of the ribosomes. The ribosome contains three ribosomal RNA components of 28 S , 18 S and 5 S . The base compositions of the three ribosomal RNA components are different.
Air purification in chemical and biological warfare environments using gas-phase corona reactor technology

Chemical and biological warfare materials create difficulties when designing or retrofitting high value targets such as buildings to withstand terrorist attack. The gas-phase corona reactor (GPCR) is a synergistic combination of plasma (or ionized gas) and catalyst technologies to produce an air purification system. The GPCR has demonstrated both chemical agent decomposition and biological material deactivation creating a universal air purification system. The benefits of GPCR include: (1) low temperature and atmospheric pressure operation; (2) small capital and operating costs; (3) minimal energy requirements; (4) NOx removal; (5) potential for low maintenance due to limited catalyst fouling; (6) straightforward operation with high, non-specific destruction efficiency; (7) treatment of bioaerosols and toxic chemicals; (8) compliance with federal and state indoor air regulations; (9) instant operation. The GPCR can be utilized for the protection of high value targets whether the attacks occur on the exterior or interior of a building. Overpressure operation of the building with the make-up air channeled through the GPCR can create a safe zone when the attack is external to the building. The damage and fatalities of a terrorist chemical and biological material dissemination within a building can be minimized with retrofitted GPCRs incorporated into the recirculation of the ventilation system.
Experimental and analytical investigation of injection behind a pylon in a compressible flow

An experimental and analytical investigation of the mixing of a transverse jet behind a pylon in a supersonic freestream has been conducted. Shadowgraphs were used to view shock locations. Planar laser-induced iodine fluorescence was used to conduct injectant mole fraction measurements. A full three-dimensional Navier-Stokes calculation of this flow field was performed using the SPARK3D code. Despite limitations in the resolution of the experimental data due to the physical scale of the wind tunnel, good overall agreement between the experimental and the calculated results was obtained. For this geometry, a high degree of penetration and mixing was obtained. Introduction The development of viable SCRAMJET and hybrid rocket engines requires a thorough understanding of the supersonic mixing process. In building die knowledge base of the supersonic mixing problem, several different geometries and mixing methods have been proposed for study. Geometries investigated to date include circular cross-section injection at various angles of incidence to the flow," staged transverse injection-, transverse injection behind a rearwardfacing step*", swept (angled) ramp injection", slot injection, and swirling jet pairs.* These flow fields have been studied using several different techniques including mass sampling, shadowgraph, schlieren, Rayleigh/Mie scattering and laser-induced fluorescence. Another injection technique that has potential is injection behind a pylon. Bogdanoff" suggested this combination as an alternative to ramp injection. Copyright ° 1996 by Roy Hartfield Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. f Graduate Research Assistant * Assistant Professor, Member AIAA Possible advantages of pylon injection over ramp injection are lower drag, fuel delivery external to the pylon structure (injector outlet can be much larger than the equivalent ramp geometry could allow and, therefore, deliver more fuel), and enhanced mixing characteristics. This study concentrates on a simple version of the pylon injector geometry shown schematically in Fig. 1. This flow field is evaluated both experimentally and numerically.
Economic and Security Regionalism among Patrimonial Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Central Asia

Abstract The ‘new regionalism’ has spread to Central Asia; yet there has been little success in implementing most regional initiatives there. Security regionalism has had greater success than economic regionalism, even though economic initiatives would bring great benefits to the economy and population. I propose a connection between patrimonialism and regionalism. Central Asia's patrimonial leaders are driven by survival and personal enrichment, and are beholden to informal vested interests. Since economic regionalism involves liberalisation that adversely affects these actors, the result is ‘virtual’ economic regionalism at best. In the case of security regionalism, some regional organisations progress because they bolster patrimonial regimes, with negative consequences for democracy.
Cortical GABA levels in primary insomnia.

STUDY OBJECTIVES GABA is increasingly recognized as an important neurotransmitter for the initiation and maintenance of sleep. We sought to measure cortical GABA content through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in persons with and without primary insomnia, and relate brain GABA levels to polysomnographic sleep measures. DESIGN Two-group comparison study. SETTING Outpatient study at a university research clinic. PARTICIPANTS Non-medicated persons with primary insomnia (N = 16) and no sleep complaints (N = 17). INTERVENTIONS Participants kept sleep diaries and a regular time-in-bed schedule for 9 days, culminating in 2 consecutive nights of ambulatory polysomnography and a single proton MRS session. The main outcome measure was occipital GABA/creatine ratios; secondary measures included sleep measurements and relationship between polysomnographically measured time awake after sleep onset and occipital GABA content. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The primary insomnia group was distinguished from persons with no sleep complaints on self-reported and polysomnographically measured sleep. The two groups did not differ in age, sex, body mass index, habitual bed- and wake-times, napping, use of caffeine, or use of cigarettes. Mean occipital GABA level was 12% higher in persons with insomnia than in persons without sleep complaints (P < 0.05). In both groups, GABA levels correlated negatively with polysomnographically measured time awake after sleep onset (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased GABA levels in persons with insomnia may reflect an allostatic response to chronic hyperarousal. The preserved, negative relationship between GABA and time awake after sleep onset supports this notion, indicating that the possible allostatic response is adaptive.
Descent Monomials, P -Partitions and Dense Garsia-Haiman Modules

A two-variable analogue of the descents monomials is defined and is shown to form a basis for the dense Garsia-Haiman modules. A two-variable generalization of a decomposition of a P-partition is shown to give the algorithm for the expansion into this descent basis. Some examples of dense Garsia-Haiman modules include the coinvariant rings associated with certain complex reflection groups.
Game-theoretic axioms for local rationality and bounded knowledge

We present an axiomatic approach for a class of finite, extensive form games of perfect information that makes use of notions like “rationality at a node” and “knowledge at a node.” We distinguish between the game theorist's and the players' own “theory of the game.” The latter is a theory that is sufficient for each player to infer a certain sequence of moves, whereas the former is intended as a justification of such a sequence of moves. While in general the game theorist's theory of the game is not and need not be axiomatized, the players' theory must be an axiomatic one, since we model players as analogous to automatic theorem provers that play the game by inferring (or computing) a sequence of moves. We provide the players with an axiomatic theory sufficient to infer a solution for the game (in our case, the backwards induction equilibrium), and prove its consistency. We then inquire what happens when the theory of the game is augmented with information that a move outside the inferred solution has occurred. We show that a theory that is sufficient for the players to infer a solution and still remains consistent in the face of deviations must be modular. By this we mean that players have distributed knowledge of it. Finally, we show that whenever the theory of the game is group-knowledge (or common knowledge) among the players (i.e., it is the same at each node), a deviation from the solution gives rise to inconsistencies and therefore forces a revision of the theory at later nodes. On the contrary, whenever a theory of the game is modular, a deviation from equilibrium play does not induce a revision of the theory.
Killer cells protect themselves

Comment on Mirandola et al, page [2418][1] The importance of the report by Mirandola and colleagues is that the data may explain why natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells can survive despite liberating death receptor ligands and secretory granule contents. This may be related to the phenomenon of
SELLING A LARGE STOCK POSITION: A STOCHASTIC CONTROL APPROACH WITH STATE CONSTRAINTS ∗

A common practice for stock-selling decision making is often concerned with liquida- tion of the security in a short duration. This is feasible when a relative smaller number of shares of a stock is treated. Selling a large position during a short period of time in the market frequently de- presses the market, resulting in poor filling prices. In this work, liquidation strategies are considered for selling much smaller number of shares over a longer period of time. By using a fluid model in which the number of shares are treated as fluid, and the corresponding liquidation is dictated by the rate of selling over time. Our objective is to maximize the expected overall return. The problem is formulated as a stochastic control problem with state constraints. Using the method of constrained viscosity solutions, we characterize the dynamics governing the value function and the associated boundary conditions. Numerical algorithms are also provided along with an illustrative example for demonstration purposes.
Care of the Lower Extremities in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Patients with heart failure and pulmonary edema are often admitted to the critical care unit. Many of these patients have severe peripheral edema, which may be associated with exudates and wounds of the lower extremities and which present a challenge to critical care nurses. Little information is available on treatment of peripheral edema in the intensive care unit or in patients with unstable hemodynamic status. Nursing care is based on available evidence, findings on chest radiographs, and hemodynamic status. Medications that contribute to peripheral edema should be evaluated and discontinued if possible. An appropriate mattress surface with an underpad that promotes wicking away of moisture should be selected. The patient's lower extremities should be elevated according to his or her current pulmonary status, and skin-protective interventions should be instituted. Multilayer compression wraps should be avoided until the patient's hemodynamic status is stable and the patient can get out of bed.
Collision of macroscopic fundamental strings

Abstract We calculate the probability of reconnection in a collision of macroscopic fundamental strings.
Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in 0.9% sodium chloride for injection.

The serendipitous discovery by Rosenberg et al. [ 1 ] that cell replication could be inhibited by platinum complexes led to the development and therapeutic use of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) as an anticancer agent. Cisplatin is currently used in treating testicular, ovarian, and lung cancers as well as squamous cancers of the head and neck [ 2-51. The anticancer agent 5fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently used in treating several malignancies including cancers of the lung, head and neck, and colon [ 3,4]. Cisplatin and 5-FU are often given in combination to treat a variety of malignancies [5,6]. The admixture of more than one anticancer drug in a single intravenous solution is both cost-effective and advantageous to the patient. Combinations of drugs admixed in the same intravenous fluid can result in the precipitation or loss of potency of one or both drugs. Since questions often arise concerning the compatibility of cisplatin and 5-FU in the same intravenous admixture, a study of the stability and compatibility of the combination of cisplatin and 5-FU in 0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride solution was designed. Loss of potency of one or more of the drugs in the intravenous admixture may occur without obvious visual changes. Therefore, a rapid, simple, and pre-
Technology: An agent for change in education for information science

Technology undeniably has produced significant and far-reaching changes in the information professions. Educational programs in library/information science appear to have been reactive to these changes more often than they have assumed leadership in introducing an innovation. The resulting curricular lag causes even recent graduates of professional programs to find themselves lacking adequate understanding of technologies they will be expected to use on a routine basis. A model is proposed for the adoption of technological innovation in the curriculum based on observation of the case of online searching. Suggestions are offered for more timely responses to technological change. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of calmodulin in states of altered catecholamine sensitivity

Calmodulin, an endogenous calcium-binding protein, can modulate the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP] by stimulating membrane-bound adenylate cyclase activity and soluble phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity.' There is increasing evidence that calmodulin can modulate the effects of calcium at both preand postsynaptic sites in some areas of brain. Calmodulin is enriched in rat brain synaptic membranes2 and has been located in postsynaptic densities in mouse basal ganglia3 and canine cerebral ~ o r t e x . ~ Previous studies have suggested that calmodulin is involved with dopamine IDA)-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in rat striaturn. Gnegy et aL5 found that depletion of calmodulin t'rom striatal membranes results in a decreased ability of DA to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. Furthermore, the calmodulin content in the striaturn was increased under conditions of dopamine supersensitivity.6 Rats treated chronically with cataleptogenic antipsychotic drugs and then withdrawn from the drugs hail increased calmodulin content in their striatal membranes. These animals exhibited behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine and their striatal adenylate cyclase had an increased affinity for dopamine as demonstrated by a 3to 4-foid increase in dopamine sensitivity. The increase in calmodulin could positively affect DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity and thus contribute to dopaminergic: supersensitivity. The increased calmodulin in the striatal membranes of the supersensitive rats seems to be more tightly bound to its membrane binding protein^.^ In the brain, calmodulin can be hound to membrane proteins in a calcium-dependent and calcium-independent manner.' Calmodulin has been shown to hind to Caz+dependent PDE' and Caz+-sensitive adenylate cyclase'o as well as other proteins. Vandermeers et (11." have demonstrated a correlation between increased ['ZSI]calmodulin binding and activation of adenylate cyclase activity in guinea pig membranes. In this work we investigate more directly whether calmodulin can affect DA-sensitive activity in rat striatal membranes. We found that calmodulin could affect both the maximal velocity of the reaction and the sensitivity to DA. We studied the binding of calmodulin to striatal membranes in order to further investigate the relationship between calmodulin interaction with adenylate cyclase activity. We showed specific binding of ['251]calmodulin to striatal membranes that was competitively inhibited by trifluoperazine, an antipsychotic drug that binds to calmodulin and inhibits its action." We have also shown that the ability of the calmodulin content to increase could be specific for dopaminergic supersensitivity in the striatum.
Generalised Kerr-Schild space-times

Abstract If V is a space-time with metric tensor gμν admitting a null, geodesic shear free vector field lμ, then one may determine a function H so that the spacetime V with metric gμν = gμν + 2Hlμlν satisfies the Einstein field equations for various material sources, and for no sources. When V is Minkowski space, V is a Kerr-Schild space-time. In case V is a vacuum space-time, one may choose H so that the source is a null fluid with no pressure. In case V is a Robertson-Walker universe H may be chosen so that the source has a stress-energy tensor with one timelike proper vector and three spacelike ones. There are two equal proper values associated with the latter vectors and one which differs from these. The stress-energy tensor describing this source may be interpreted as representing a perfect fluid with anisotropic pressures or as one describing the sum of a perfect fluid with isotropic pressures and a presureless null fluid. Vaidya's Kerr metric in a cosmological background [Pramana8 (1977) 512–517] is discussed as is the metric representing an accelerating point mass in an expanding universe.
Boolean Feature Discovery in Empirical Learning

We investigate the problem of learning Boolean functions with a short DNF representation using decision trees as a concept description language. Unfortunately, Boolean concepts with a short description may not have a small decision tree representation when the tests at the nodes are limited to the primitive attributes. This representational shortcoming may be overcome by using Boolean features at the decision nodes. We present two new methods that adaptively introduce relevant features while learning a decision tree from examples. We show empirically that these methods outperform a standard decision tree algorithm for learning small random DNF functions when the examples are drawn at random from the uniform distribution.
Throughput analysis and routing security discussions of mobile access coordinated wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we analyze the throughput of a novel mobile access coordinated wireless sensor network architecture (MC-WSN) under single path and multipath routing. The obtained throughput expressions highlight the trade-off between achieving high throughput performance and improving the network security strength. The results reveal the importance of: (i) minimizing the number of hops in maximizing the throughput, and (ii) adopting routing diversity in combating malicious attacks and network failure conditions. We control the number of hops in data transmission through optimal topology design and active network deployment achieved by the mobile access point (MA). To combat routing attacks, we propose a secure routing path selection approach, and show the impact of the proposed approach on improving the throughput performance under malicious attacks.
Clinical complications arising from overlapping of adjacent radiation fields--physical and technical considerations.

The problem of overlapping of adjacent radiation fields is a frequent one, but often glossed over. In this paper, we analyze a number of techniques for field approximation and separation. Failure to use these techniques can result in severe clinical complications. An extraordinary case study is documented, consisting of both esophageal stenosis and radiation myelitis, both apparently caused by overlapping adjacent fields.
Dissociation, relaxation, and incubation in the pyrolysis of neopentane : Heat of formation for tert-butyl radical

Rate processes in neopentane−krypton mixtures were examined at high temperatures and over a very wide range of pressure in a shock tube using the laser−schlieren technique. The experiments used mixtures of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30% in Kr and covered 600−2000 K for postshock pressures of 7−400 Torr. The combination of high temperature and low pressure made possible the observation of strong unimolecular falloff of the dissociation even in this large molecule and the full parametrization of a restricted rotor Gorin model RRKM fit. The choice of restriction parameter η and the average energy transfer 〈ΔE〉down both seem normal. The resulting k∞ is very close to earlier work that closely represents the high-pressure limit. When combined with other well-known thermochemistry, the barrier estimated from the RRKM extrapolation is 86 kcal/mol and this translates to a heat of formation of 12.8 kcal/mol for tert-butyl radical. All aspects of the decomposition are much as expected, and the results are almost routine exce...
From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side

(1993). From Sage on the Stage to Guide on the Side. College Teaching: Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 30-35.
Influence of microvascular architecture on oxygen exchange in skeletal muscle.

The normal function of skeletal muscle requires that a continuous supply of oxygen be provided by the cardiovascular system. This article reviews the development of our understanding of the role of microvascular architecture on the oxygen transport system, with emphasis on direct microcirculatory observations and mathematical modeling dating from the work of August Krogh to present studies. The contributions of the various elements of the vascular network (i.e., arterioles, capillaries, and venules) and microvascular hemodynamics to oxygen exchange are discussed. Oxygen moves through the microvascular network by convection, almost all of it being reversibly bound to the hemoglobin within red blood cells. Thus, the flow properties and distribution of the red cells within the network can play a significant role in oxygen transport. Because the walls of all the vessels in the microcirculation appear to be permeable to oxygen, it continuously diffuses between the blood and the interstitium, the direction depe...
Molecular cloning and sequence comparison of the S1 glycoprotein of the Gray and JMK strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus

The nucleotide sequences of S1 glycoprotein genes of the Gray and JMK strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were determined and compared with published sequences for IBV. The IBV Gray and JMK strains had 99% nucleotide sequence similarity. The overall nucleotide sequence similarity of the Gray and JMK strains compared with other IBV strains was between 82.0% and 87.4%. The similarity of the predicted amino acid sequence for the S1 glycoproteins of the Gray and JMK strains was 98.8%. Six of the 10 differences in the amino acid sequence were found between residues 99 and 127, suggesting a possible role for that region in the tissue trophisms of the viruses. The S1 glycoprotein of the Gray and JMK strains had 79.5%–84.6% amino acid similarity with the published sequence of other IBV strains. Serine instead of phenylalanine was observed in the protease cleavage site between the S1 and S2 glycoprotein subunits for the Gray and JMK strains, which was similar to the published sequence for the Ark99 and SE17 strains. The significance of that amino acid change is not known. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the Gray and JMK strains, theBsmAI restriction enzyme was selected by computer analysis and was used in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate the two strains.
On the generation of d-ordered sets: a proof based on determinant theory

A simple proof of the theorem of determinants that yields d-ordered sets is given. Nothing more complicated than the Laplacian expansion of a determinant is used in the proof, which consists essentially of two parts. First a bordered determinant is used to yield the necessary determinantal equation. Then, transpositions of columns bring the minors in the equation into the required form so that they satisfy the conditions for a d-ordered set. >
Relationship-centered care. A constructive reframing.

All illness, care, and healing processes occur in relationship—relationships of an individual with self and with others. Relationship-centered care (RCC) is an important framework for conceptualizing health care, recognizing that the nature and the quality of relationships are central to health care and the broader health care delivery system. RCC can be defined as care in which all participants appreciate the importance of their relationships with one another. RCC is founded upon 4 principles: (1) that relationships in health care ought to include the personhood of the participants, (2) that affect and emotion are important components of these relationships, (3) that all health care relationships occur in the context of reciprocal influence, and (4) that the formation and maintenance of genuine relationships in health care is morally valuable. In RCC, relationships between patients and clinicians remain central, although the relationships of clinicians with themselves, with each other and with community are also emphasized.
Cancer Cell of Origin: Spotlight on Luminal Progenitors

Does basal type breast cancer arise from oncogenic transformation of a basal cell type? In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Molyneux et al. (2010) investigate the provenance of the basal-type BRCA1 breast carcinoma and come up with unanticipated results.
Characterization of anti-NF-κB RNA aptamer-binding specificity in vitro and in the yeast three-hybrid system

RNA aptamers offer a potential therapeutic approach to the competitive inhibition of DNA-binding transcription factors. In previous reports we described in vitro selection and characterization of anti-NF-κB p50 and p65 RNA aptamers. We now describe the further characterization of these aptamers in vitro and in vivo. We show that sub-saturating concentrations of certain anti-p50 RNA aptamers promote complex formation with NF-κB p50 tetramers, whereas anti-p65 R1 RNA aptamers bind NF-κB dimers under all conditions tested. Yeast three-hybrid RNA aptamer specificity studies corroborate previous in vitro results, verifying that anti-p50 and anti-p65 R1 RNA aptamers are highly specific for NF-κB p502 and p652, respectively. These studies introduce a novel T-cassette RNA transcript that improves RNA display from a four-way RNA junction. Mutagenesis of the anti-p65 R1 aptamer reveals tolerated substitutions, suggesting a complex tertiary structure. We describe in vivo selections from a yeast three-hybrid RNA library containing sequences present early in the R1 SELEX process to identify novel anti-p65 RNA aptamers, termed Y1 and Y3. These aptamers appear to be compact bulged hairpins, reminiscent of anti-p50. Y1 competitively inhibits the DNA-binding domain of NF-κB p652 in vitro.
Task allocation for networked autonomous underwater vehicles in critical missions

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UW-ASNs) consist of stationary or mobile nodes such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), which may be classified as propeller-driven vehicles and gliders, that are equipped with a variety of sensors for performing collaborative monitoring tasks. The missions entrusted to the AUVs in this work are critical to human life and property, are bound by severe time and energy constraints, and involve a high degree of inter-vehicular communication. In this work, a task allocation framework for networked AUVs that participate as a team to accomplish critical missions is developed. The team formed as a result of this task allocation framework is the subset of all deployed AUVs that is best suited to accomplish the mission while adhering to the mission constraints. Research specific to this area has been limited, hence a task allocation framework for networked AUVs to accomplish critical missions is proposed.
Febrile Convulsions What Happens to the Infant Admitted to the Hospital

We present our experience with children with febrile convulsions admitted to a large teaching hospital. Elective admission on a routine basis increases the tendency for unnecessary additional tests. Hospital admission should be reserved for children with severe multiple febrile seizures, or the underlying serious disease or where parental anxiety and other social circumstances indicate. Workups should be done only in selected cases consistent with clinical findings. The yield of such workup is marginal, even in a hospitalized child with multiple febrile seizures.
Chiral scale and conformal invariance in 2D quantum field theory.

It is well known that a local, unitary Poincare-invariant 2D quantum field theory with a global scaling symmetry and a discrete non-negative spectrum of scaling dimensions necessarily has both a left and a right local conformal symmetry. In this Letter, we consider a chiral situation beginning with only a left global scaling symmetry and do not assume Lorentz invariance. We find that a left conformal symmetry is still implied, while right translations are enhanced either to a right conformal symmetry or a left U(1) Kac-Moody symmetry.
Low Rank Approximation Lower Bounds in Row-Update Streams

We study low-rank approximation in the streaming model in which the rows of an n x d matrix A are presented one at a time in an arbitrary order. At the end of the stream, the streaming algorithm should output a k x d matrix R so that ‖A - AR† R‖2F ≤ (1 + ∊)‖A - Ak‖2F where Ak is the best rank-k approximation to A. A deterministic streaming algorithm of Liberty (KDD, 2013), with an improved analysis of Ghashami and Phillips (SODA, 2014), provides such a streaming algorithm using O(dk/∊) words of space. A natural question is if smaller space is possible. We give an almost matching lower bound of Ω(dk/∊) bits of space, even for randomized algorithms which succeed only with constant probability. Our lower bound matches the upper bound of Ghashami and Phillips up to the word size, improving on a simple Ω(dk) space lower bound.
PS2-31: Implementation of Universal Lynch Syndrome Screening in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System

respectively), and was higher among those sent emails (approximately 18% of 65-74 and 9% of ≥75 vs. 75 were more likely to use the hyperlink than those aged 65-74 (68.1% vs. 56.7%); and (4) Due to relatively small differences in response by age, the age distribution of the initial and final samples are essentially the same. However, had the survey only been conducted online, the resultant sample, in addition to being significantly smaller, would have been significantly younger, better educated, and less representative of the race-ethnic distribution of the population. Conclusions: Results suggest that most seniors still prefer print over online questionnaires, even when emailed a link to the online survey. Without an
Distribution of Intravenously Injected Radiophosphate among Turkey Tissues

Abstract THE distribution of labeled materials in the animal body at various times after their administration can be used to determine the pathways involved in the metabolism of those materials. Quite a few studies have been made of the distribution of radiophosphate (P32) in various animals, the earlier work having been reviewed by Hevesy (1948). Recent studies have been made on the distribution of ingested radiophosphate in laying hens (Shirley et al., 1951) and on the distribution of parenterally administered radiophosphate in laying hens (Shirley et al., 1954), in rats (Rosenfeld and Beath, 1952), in swine (Smith et al., 1951), and sheep (Smith et al., 1952). Although the mode of injection in these latter studies varied (viz., intramuscular, intravenous, or intraperitoneal), the mixing rate of circulating and interstitial fluids is so rapid (Kleiber et al., 1950) that they are equivalent at the sampling times involved (hours or days). Distribution studies following …
Microstructure and the Strength of Ceramics

Microstructural influences on ceramic strength become significant at small flaw sizes. These influences are readily quantified by strength testing with controlled indentation flaws. Data are presented here for alumina and glassy-ceramic specimens broken under both inert and fatigue conditions. As the flaw size is systematically reduced there is a tendency to a reduction in strength relative to that predicted from macroscopic toughness measurements, reflecting R-curve behavior. This tendency is critically dependent on the microstructural detail, e.g. presence of glassy phases at the grain boundaries in the aluminas. However, the fatigue susceptibility is found to be relatively insensitive to the microstructural influence over the same flaw-size range.
A NOTE ON CLUSTER EXPANSIONS, TREE GRAPH IDENTITIES, EXTRA 1/N! FACTORS!!!*

We draw attention to a new tree graph identity which substantially improves on the usual tree graph method of proving convergence of cluster expansions in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. We can control expansions that could not be controlled before.
Subsampling models and anti-alias filters for 3-D automultiscopic displays

A new type of three-dimensional (3-D) display recently introduced on the market holds great promise for the future of 3-D visualization, communication, and entertainment. This so-called automultiscopic display can deliver multiple views without glasses, thus allowing a limited "look-around" (correct motion-parallax). Central to this technology is the process of multiplexing several views into a single viewable image. This multiplexing is a complex process involving irregular subsampling of the original views. If not preceded by low-pass filtering, it results in aliasing that leads to texture as well as depth distortions. In order to eliminate this aliasing, we propose to model the multiplexing process with lattices, find their parameters and then design optimal anti-alias filters. To this effect, we use multidimensional sampling theory and basic optimization tools. We derive optimal anti-alias filters for a specific automultiscopic monitor using three models: the orthogonal lattice, the nonorthogonal lattice, and the union of shifted lattices. In the first case, the resulting separable low-pass filter offers significant aliasing reduction that is further improved by hexagonal-passband low-pass filter for the nonorthogonal lattice model. A more accurate model is obtained using union of shifted lattices, but due to the complex nature of repeated spectra, practical filters designed in this case offer no additional improvement. We also describe a practical method to design finite-precision, low-complexity filters that can be implemented using modern graphics cards.