cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Studies of Acute Tolerance, Rapid Tolerance, and Drinking in the Dark in the LXS Recombinant Inbred Strains

Background We hypothesized that rapid tolerance (1-day tolerance) for the duration of the loss of righting reflex (“sleep time” [ST]) was mediated by an increase in acute functional tolerance (AFT). We also hypothesized that increased AFT would correspond to increased drinking. These questions were addressed using the LXS recombinant inbred mouse strain panel. Methods Mice were given a pretreatment dose of either saline or 5 g/kg alcohol on day 1. On day 2, mice were tested for ST (4.1 g/kg) using a method with which it is possible to accurately assess AFT. Genetic correlation analysis was conducted among the ST-related variables and also with “drinking in the dark” (DID) which was previously measured by Saba and colleagues (2011). Results Saline-pretreated mice showed a continuous distribution of ST ranging from ~40 minutes to over 3 hours. Of the 43 strains tested, 9 showed significantly decreased ST after alcohol pretreatment, while in 3 strains, ST was significantly increased. AFT scores ranged from 0 to over 200 mg% in the saline group, and in the alcohol group, 8 strains showed a significant increase in AFT and 2 strains showed significant decrease in AFT. In the saline group, AFT was significantly correlated with ST (r = −0.47), but not in the alcohol group (r = −0.22). DID was significantly correlated with only AFT in the alcohol pretreated group (r = 0.64). Conclusions The results suggest that AFT is an important component of the overall ST response, but that the alcohol pretreatment–induced change in AFT does not contribute to rapid ST tolerance. The significant correlation between DID and AFT in the alcohol group suggests that AFT may be a more relevant predictor of drinking behavior than the static measurement of ST. Moreover, preexposure to alcohol seems to change AFT in a way that makes it an even stronger predictor of drinking behavior.
Coupled low-energy - ring current plasma diffusion in the Jovian magnetosphere

The outwardly diffusing Iogenic plasma and the simultaneously inwardly diffusing ring current plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere are described using a coupled diffusion model which incorporates the effects of the pressure gradient of the ring current into the cross-L diffusion coefficient. The coupled diffusion coefficient is derived by calculating the total energy available to drive the diffusion process. The condition is imposed that the diffusion coefficient takes on a local minimum value at some point in the region L = 7-8, at which point the gradient of the Io plasma density is specified as ramp value given by Siscoe et al. (1981). The hypothesis that the pressure gradient of the ring current causes the diminution of radial plasma transport is tested, and solution profiles for the Iogenic and ring current plasma densities are obtained which imply that the Io plasma ramp is caused by a high-density, low-energy component of the ring current hitherto unobserved directly.
CALCULUS FOR FUNCTIONS OF NONCOMMUTING OPERATORS AND GENERAL PHASE-SPACE METHODS IN QUANTUM MECHANICS. I. MAPPING THEOREMS AND ORDERING OF FUNCTIONS OF NONCOMMUTING OPERATORS.

A new calculus for functions of noncommuting operators is developed, based on the notion of mapping of functions of operators onto $c$-number functions. The class of linear mappings, each member of which is characterized by an entire analytic function of two complex variables, is studied in detail. Closed-form solutions for such mappings and for the inverse mappings are obtained and various properties of these mappings are studied. It is shown that the most commonly occurring rules of association between operators and $c$-numbers (the Weyl, the normal, the antinormal, the standard, and the antistandard rules) belong to this class and are, in fact, the simplest ones in a clearly defined sense. It is shown further that the problem of expressing an operator in an ordered form according to some prescribed rule is equivalent to an appropriate mapping of the operator on a $c$-number space. The theory provides a systematic technique for the solution of numerous quantum-mechanical problems that were treated in the past by ad hoc methods, and it furnishes a new approach to many others. This is illustrated by a number of examples relating to mappings and ordering of operators.
Women, Crime and Custody in Victorian England

Victorian England women made up a far larger proportion of those known to be involved in crime than they do today: the nature of female criminality attracted considerable attention and preoccupied those trying to provide for women within the penal system. Zedner's rigorously researched study examines the extent to which gender-based ideologies influenced attitudes to female criminality.
Behavior of Elastic-Plastic Frames

The behavior of several multistory, one-bay and two-bay planar frames is examined by means of computerized elastic-plastic analysis. Each frame is unbraced, fixed at its base, and loaded by static, proportional forces up to the maximum load carrying capacity. The results of first-order elastic-plastic analyses are used as a basis for classifying and explaining the behavior of second-order models. The magnitudes of second-order effects on both load carrying capacity and deformations are presented. The influence of axial deformation is included in the examination of frame behavior.
Industry and education: the time is now

In today's fast moving global economy greater collaboration between industry and education is needed now more than ever before. In prior years the adoption period for "innovation" provided for a window of years to determine if the idea was going to have in an impact in industry. Today, innovation has an adoption period of months, weeks and in some cases days. At the same time, the innovation and the impact is crossing industry lines at an aggressive speed. Adoption with development of new markets and constant reinvention is the goal with education providing the skilled workforce needed for success.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES AND THE RISK OF IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY: ANALYSIS FROM THE NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE 2012 DATABASE

Studies had demonstrated that Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTCM) carries a prognosis comparable to acute coronary syndrome, however; little information is known about the difference in outcomes with race. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify patients with a diagnosis of TTCM from
Welche Faktoren begrenzen die Rohstoffausbeute bei der maschinellen Bearbeitung in Sägewerken

Wichtige Faktoren, welche die Ausbeuteoptimierung bzw, die Rohstoffersparnis bei der Umwandlung von Nadelrundholz in handelsfahiges Schnittholz im Sagewert begrenzen, werden diskutiert. Von seiten des Rohstoffes Holz sind dies beispielsweise die Schwindung beim Trocknen und seine Wuchseigenschaften. Sie nehmen Einflus auf die Erzielung der “target size”,1 das ist jene Form eines Schnittgutes, welche fur die Durchfuhrung der nachfolgenden Trocknung und Glattung durch Hobeln optimal ist, d. h. die geringsten Verluste an Holzmasse bringt. Begrenzende Faktoren ergeben sich auch von seiten der Sagewerkzeuge, der Transport-einrichtungen, der elektronischen Steuerungen und nicht zuletzt durch das Management und Werkspersonal.
School- and Individual-level Predictors of Weight Status Misperception among Korean Adolescents: A National Online Survey.

Background Growing body of literature has reported that weight status estimation pattern, including accurate-, under-, and overestimation, was associated with weight related behaviors and weight change among adolescents and young adults. However, there have been a few studies investigating the potential role of school contexts in shaping adolescents’ weight status estimation pattern among Korea adolescents.
92 Cases of Retinal Disease of Pregnancy Hypertension in Clinical Analyze

Objective To investigate the clinical significane of retinal disease of pregnancyhypertension. Methods 92 pregnancy woman who were pregnancy hypertension be checked eye ground, andanalyse the relationship between retinal disease and eyesight. blood pressure, oedema and albuminuria.Result The incidence of retinal diseases in pregnancy hypertension woman are 82.6%, and the moreseriously retinal pathological changes and the worse eyesight is.The retinal pathological changes happenand serve degree were in direct proportion to hypertension and albuminuria.Conclusion Eye groundchecked in pregnancy hypertension woman is very valuable in diognose, treatment and prognosis pregnancyhypertansion.
Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Viral Hepatitis in Hongze Country in 2010

Objective To analyze epidemiological trend of viral hepatitis in Hongze county,and study the basis for its preventive intervention.Methods Descriptive epidemiological and correlate analytical methods were used.Results 141 cases of hepatitis in 2010 years were reported,no died.The average incidence of the disease was 36.22 per 100 000.The incidence of viral hepatitis declined 5.86% over last year.Hepatitis A slight upward trend,Hepatitis B had no obvious reduction.But the vaccination rate and the incidence rate of hepatitis A and B were negatively related.Conclusions Vaccination can reduce incidence of the disease.Viral hepatitis is still the major infectious diseases.Vaccination can effectively reduce populations of hepatitis A and B incidence.Take comprehensive measures based on vaccination are key to reduce the incidence of viral hepatitis.
Curriculum on Resident Education in Care of Older Adults in Acute, Transitional and Extended Care Settings.

Most geriatric care is provided in non-hospital settings. Internal Medicine and Family Medicine residents should therefore learn about these different clinical sites and acuity levels of care. To help facilitate this learning, a geriatrics training curriculum for internal medicine residents was developed that focused on cognition, function, goals of care and medication management in both in-hospital and non-hospital settings. Residents rotated through both in-hospital and non-hospital settings as one block rotation. They took a test of geriatric learning before the rotation and then took the same test at the end of the rotation. Residents showed an improvement in several geriatric domains on completion of a combined in-hospital and non-hospital rotation curriculum. We concluded that the development and implementation of a combined rotation curriculum has practical application to resident learning and the potential to improve geriatrics care outside of hospital settings.
Structure of the Reaction Center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides: Further Refinement of R-26 and 2.4.1 Structures and Interactions between the Reaction Center and Herbicides

The structure of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R-26 has been refined to an R value of 21% at 2.8 A resolution. Progress in the determination of modified RCs is described. In particular, the structure of RCs with only 1 quinone and with bound herbicide are reported.
Associations between a Genetic Risk Score for Clinical CAD and Early Stage Lesions in the Coronary Artery and the Aorta.

Objective The correlation between the extent of fatty streaks, more advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and community rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) is substantially higher for the coronary artery compared to the aorta. We sought to determine whether a genetic basis contributes to these differences. Approach and Results We conducted a cluster analysis of 6 subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes documented in 564 white participants of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth study including the extent of fatty streaks and raised lesions in the coronary artery (CF and CR), thoracic aorta (TF and TR), and abdominal aorta (AF and AR) followed by a genetic association analysis of the same phenotypes. Our cluster analysis grouped all raised lesions and fatty streaks in the coronary into one cluster (CF, CR, TR, and AR) and the fatty streaks in the aorta into a second cluster (TF and AF). We found a genetic risk score of high-risk alleles at 57 susceptibility loci for CAD to be variably associated with the phenotypes in the first cluster (OR: 1.30 p = 0.009 for being in top quartile of degree of involvement of CF, 1.34 p = 0.005 for CR, 1.25: p = 0.11 for TR, and 1.19 p = 0.08 for AR) but not at all with the phenotypes in the second cluster (OR: 1.01, p = 0.95 for TF and 0.98, p = 0.82 for AF). Conclusions The genetic determinants of fatty streaks in the aorta do not appear to overlap substantially with the genetic determinants of fatty streaks in the coronary as well as raised lesions in both the coronary and the aorta. These findings may explain why a larger fraction of fatty streaks in the aorta are less likely to progress to raised lesions compared to the coronary artery.
Revisiting phylogenetic relationships in Phoradendreae (Viscaceae): utility of the trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA and presence of a homoplasious inversion in the intergenic spacer1

The utility of the trnL-F region of the chloroplast DNA for inferring relationships in 26 taxa in the mistletoe tribe Phoradendreae (Viscaceae) was compared with that of sequences from three region...
Power and energy potential of mass-scale photovoltaic noise barrier deployment: A case study for the U.S

Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have the greatest potential to meet the scale of sustainable energy demands, yet large surface areas beyond rooftop areas are required. One source of additional surface area that avoids conflict with food production while scaling with population density is noise barriers, which provide dual use of land area both as noise abatement and energy generation. This paper provides a method to quantify the potential of mass scale deployment of photovoltaic noise barrier (PVNB) systems in a country. Based on a feasibility analysis of the irradiation levels and noise barrier locations, the PV power potential and the energy output for the photovoltaic modules is calculated for specific locations using a tool chain of free GIS software. This method, is then demonstrated with a case study for the state of California and the results are then extrapolated for the entire U.S. The U.S. is an ideal candidate country because noise abatement mandates fall well short of World Health Organizations guidelines and PVNB technology has not been implemented on a wide scale. Using conservative assumptions, the results show that the total PVNB power potential for the U.S. ranges from 7 to 9 GW using only existing noise barriers. According to findings of the paper the installed capacity of the large scale photovoltaic system deployed on noise barriers in a single state is comparable to the installed capacities of the largest solar farms in the U.S. and yet due to the unique mounting of PVNB, such systems provide better land utilization ratios for energy production than conventional solar PV farms.
Temporal lobe networks supporting the comprehension of spoken words

Auditory word comprehension is a cognitive process that involves the transformation of auditory signals into abstract concepts. Traditional lesion-based studies of stroke survivors with aphasia have suggested that neocortical regions adjacent to auditory cortex are primarily responsible for word comprehension. However, recent primary progressive aphasia and normal neurophysiological studies have challenged this concept, suggesting that the left temporal pole is crucial for word comprehension. Due to its vasculature, the temporal pole is not commonly completely lesioned in stroke survivors and this heterogeneity may have prevented its identification in lesion-based studies of auditory comprehension. We aimed to resolve this controversy using a combined voxel-based-and structural connectome-lesion symptom mapping approach, since cortical dysfunction after stroke can arise from cortical damage or from white matter disconnection. Magnetic resonance imaging (T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging-based structural connectome), auditory word comprehension and object recognition tests were obtained from 67 chronic left hemisphere stroke survivors. We observed that damage to the inferior temporal gyrus, to the fusiform gyrus and to a white matter network including the left posterior temporal region and its connections to the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and cingulate cortex, was associated with word comprehension difficulties after factoring out object recognition. These results suggest that the posterior lateral and inferior temporal regions are crucial for word comprehension, serving as a hub to integrate auditory and conceptual processing. Early processing linking auditory words to concepts is situated in posterior lateral temporal regions, whereas additional and deeper levels of semantic processing likely require more anterior temporal regions.10.1093/brain/awx169_video1awx169media15555638084001.
Controlling Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) phase in microwave solvothermal synthesis

The semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is a promising sustainable photovoltaic material and colloidal dispersions of wurtzite or kesterite CZTS nanocrystals are often used to make thin polycrystalline films for solar cells. This requires control of the nanocrystal phases via the synthesis. We studied the microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of CZTS nanocrystals from metal salts and thiourea in ethylene glycol in the presence of various excess sulfur sources. Relative fractions of the kesterite and wurtzite phases depend on the excess sulfur source, the oxidation state of Sn, and the sulfur-to-total-metal -cation (S : M) ratio used in the synthesis. When the excess sulfur source contains an amino group, a Zn–Sn intermediate forms and allows the CZTS phase to be varied between kesterite and wurtzite via the Sn initial oxidation state and S : M ratio. When the excess sulfur source contains an amino group, synthesis using Sn(II) salts and low S : M (1.9) favors the formation of the wurtzite phase, whereas synthesis using high S : M ratio (>4) favors the formation of the kesterite phase. Only the kesterite phase is obtained when Sn(IV) reagent is used, regardless of S : M ratio. When the excess sulfur source does not have an amino group, only the wurtzite phase is obtained under the conditions studied, regardless of the oxidation state of the Sn precursor or the S : M ratio; in these cases, the Zn–Sn intermediate does not form and the precursor to wurtzite appears to be copper sulfide.
New Ligand Design Provides Delocalization and Promotes Strong Absorption throughout the Visible Region in a Ru(II) Complex

The new Ru(II)–anthraquinone complex [Ru(bpy)2(qdpq)](PF6)2 (Ru-qdpq; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; qdpq = 2,3-di(2-pyridyl)naphtho[2,3-f]quinoxaline-7,12-quinone) possesses a strong 1MLCT Ru → qdpq absorption with a maximum at 546 nm that tails into the near-IR and is significantly red-shifted relative to that of the related complex [Ru(bpy)2(qdppz)](PF6)2 (Ru-qdppz; qdppz = naphtho[2,3-a]dipyrido[3,2-h:2′,3′-f]phenazine-5,18-dione), with λmax = 450 nm. Ru-qdppz possesses electronically isolated proximal and distal qdppz-based excited states; the former is initially generated and decays to the latter, which repopulates the ground state with τ = 362 ps. In contrast, excitation of Ru-qdpq results in the population of a relatively long-lived (τ = 19 ns) Ru(dπ) → qdpq(π*) 3MLCT excited state where the promoted electron is delocalized throughout the qdpq ligand. Ultrafast spectroscopy, used together with steady-state absorption, electrochemistry, and DFT calculations, indicates that the unique coordination modes of ...
Maximizing Home Equity or Preventing Home Loss: Reverse Mortgage Decision Making and Racial Inequality

Background and objectives Reverse mortgages are loans that allow older homeowners to borrow from their home equity with no repayment due until the borrower dies or moves out of the home. We currently know very little about how homeowners evaluate and experience reverse mortgages as solutions to their financial and housing needs in later life. Furthermore, despite an increasingly diverse population of reverse mortgage borrowers, we know little about how social inequalities may contribute to reverse mortgage decisions and their outcomes. In this paper, we examine reverse mortgage decision-making and experiences in a racially and economically diverse sample of older US homeowners. Research design and methods We conducted 44 in-depth interviews with older homeowners who were considering or who had obtained a reverse mortgage loan. We inductively and iteratively developed a thematic coding scheme that was applied to all interview transcripts. Results Our analysis produced a dichotomous schema of reverse mortgage decision making that was shaped by social and economic opportunities and constraints. For some participants, reverse mortgages represented strategic tools used to maximize home equity and its benefits. For others, it was an option of last resort to which participants turned when faced with the imminent loss of their home. Discussion and implications Focusing on reverse mortgages, our analysis suggests way that social inequalities may be reproduced through financial decisions and the unequal landscapes of opportunity in which they are made.
PO-259 Identification of a clinically meaningful site-specific steroid roadmap in prostate cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction In prostate cancer the genotype of the tumour does not always predict clinical behaviour and disease aggressiveness after castration therapy. Additional factors might be important. Here we hypothesise that there is a site-specific steroid profile roadmap after castration that is of clinical significance. Material and methods Steroid profiles in blood plasma (BP) and bone marrow aspirate plasma (BMA) from 120 castrated patients with prostate cancer were evaluated with mass spectrometry. We studied the steroid ligand-receptor interactions in prostate cancer adrenal metastases (PCAM) because they represent a steroid-rich environment. Adrenalectomy specimens from 3 castrated patients with PCAM were analysed. Results and discussions It is known that normally BP/Adrenal vein plasma testosterone (T) concentration ratio is approximately 1:1 and cortisol (C) ratio is roughly1:3. We measured similar T levels in BP and BMA. The levels of C were significantly lower in BMA compared to BP. Our data suggest that T levels are uniform but there is a C concentration gradient between the different compartments. Cortisol acts through GR and in the presence of T is a partial AR inhibitor. All PCAM samples had functional androgen receptor (AR) (wild-type (wt), no copy number changes) and glucocorticoid (GR), but no progesterone receptor (PR). No DHT was detected. Patient 1 tumour was able to synthesise T and had above castrate intra-tumoral T levels. The tumour lacked enzymes to synthesise, but was able to catabolize C. The levels of C were within the normal BP range. Gene expression of AR was normal. Patient 2 and 3 samples had castrate T and high C levels (3-fold BP), but AR gene expression was remarkably high. All patients had PTEN and RB deletions, while patients 2 and 3 had mutant (m) p53. Addition of 40 ng/dl T increased growth in vitro in a xenograft PCAM model (propagated in matrigel) derived from patient 1. When C was concomitantly added at high levels such as those in patients 2 and 3, PCAM growth returned to baseline (no steroids), suggesting that almost all T or C activity were lost. Moreover, proliferation in VCAP cells (High AR/GR+) decreased when high C was added in low T, but remained well above baseline, generating the hypothesis that this steroid combination mostly inhibits AR/GR tumours with non-amplified AR (e.g. early in castration). Conclusion There is a clinically meaningful site-specific steroid roadmap. The PCAM steroid profile may serve as a useful model to elucidate tumour interactions with the steroid environment.
REACTIONS TO ORGANIZATIONAL ALCOHOL TESTING AND TREATMENT PROGRAMS

We used organizational justice theory to explore reactions to employer-sponsored alcohol testing and alcohol treatment policies among a sample (N = 1,777) of the employed public in a western state. Level of alcohol use and safety-sensitivity of the job were related to the perceived fairness of alcohol testing. In addition, voluntary treatment policies were rated more positively than coerced or monitored policies in terms of fairness and organizational attractiveness. Alcohol use moderated the effects of treatment policy on perceived fairness and organizational attractiveness, although the effect sizes were small. These results support the use of organizational justice theory to explain reactions to organizational alcohol testing and treatment and provide a basis for future research in this area.
On-Site Wastewater Disposal Research in the United States

During the previous decade concern for the problems of rural America was elevated to a level that the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to conduct research to control water pollution in rural areas through the development of new and improved alternatives to conventional gravity sewers and septic tank - soil disposal systems. This concern was due to demographic trends which showed reversal of the historic migration from rural to urban areas and a belated realization that conventional urban sewage collection technologies were inappropriate and uneconomical for rural applications. Also, the limitations of the conventional rural wastewater technology, i.e. the septic tank - soil absorption system (ST-SAS) influenced the lawmakers’ charge to the Agency.
Ab Initio Density Functional Calculations of Adsorption of Transition Metal Atoms on θ-Al2O3(010) Surface

The catalytic properties of metal clusters and particles depend on their environment; however, little is known so far about the subnanometer metal particles, the smallest being single atoms, supported on metal oxide substrates, in particular, the systems that can be experimentally synthesized. Employing the first-principles density functional theory approach, we have studied single metal atoms, Ni, Pt, Pd, Cu, Au, and Ag, adsorbed on a θ-Al2O3 (010) surface. We find that metal adsorption on a dry θ-alumina surface follows the binding strength order of Pd > Pt > Ni > Cu > Au > Ag. Interestingly, Ni, Pt, and Pd atoms, supported on θ-alumina, exhibit no magnetization, whereas Cu, Ag, and Au exhibit unpaired electrons. The bonding picture that emerges from this study shows that Ni, Pt, and Pd, are d10 species with d-s hybrid character that are able to interact with the 2p orbital of surface oxygen. The interaction of Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) atoms with 010 surface of θ-Al2O3 is superficially similar to that of G...
Silica Nanowire Growth on Coscinodiscus Species Diatom Frustules via Vapor–Liquid–Solid Process

Diatom frustules are a type of porous silicon dioxide microparticle that has long been used in applications ranging from biomedical sensors to dye-sensitized solar cells. The favorable material properties, enormous surface area, and enhanced light scattering capacity support the promise of diatom frustules as candidates for next generation biomedical devices and energy applications. In this study, the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method is employed to incorporate silica nanowires on the surface of diatom frustules. Compared to the original frustule structures, the frustule-nanowire composite material's surface area increases over 3-fold, and the light scattering ability increases by 10%. By varying the gold catalyst thickness during the VLS process, tuning of the resultant nanowire length/density is achieved. Through material characterization, it is determined that both float growth and root growth processes jointly result in the growth of the silica nanowires. From a thermodynamics point of view, the preferential growth of the silica nanowires on frustules is found to have resulted from the enormous partial surface area of gold nanoparticles on the diatom frustules. The frustule-nanowire composite materials have potential applications in the development of novel biomedical sensing devices and may greatly enhance next generation solar cell performance.
A Medical School For The Community.

Funded in part by taxpayer dollars, Dell Medical School has a mandate to improve community health. It’s also identifying novel ways to reward value.
Occult injuries of the contralateral sacroiliac joint in operatively treated pelvis fractures: incidence, root cause analysis, and proposal of treatment algorithm.

To determine the most common injury patterns, root cause, and the frequency with which unrecognized contralateral posterior ring injury occurs in patients presenting with surgically treated pelvic fractures. The medical records of 73 patients presenting to our level I trauma center (52 male and 21 female patients; mean age 41.8 years; range 18–89 years) with surgically treated pelvic ring fractures between January 1, 2016 and January 1, 2018 were reviewed. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, imaging prior to binder or external fixation, use of temporary stabilization with pre-peritoneal pelvic packing (PPP) and anterior pelvic external fixation, and fracture pattern were recorded and analyzed to identify independent risk factors contributing to occult contralateral missed posterior ring injury. Occult contralateral pelvic ring injuries occurred in 6/72 patients (8.2% incidence). Pelvis fractures in multiply traumatized patients with associated orthopaedic injuries were associated with higher prevalence of occult contralateral pelvic ring injury (relative risk 1.85, 95% CI 1.13–3.02) as compared to patients with isolated pelvic fractures. There is an 8.2% incidence of unrecognized contralateral SI joint instability in patients presenting with unstable pelvic ring injuries. Multiply traumatized patients with multiple orthopaedic injuries were an independent risk factor for this injury pattern.
Genetic analysis of a unique ‘super soft’ kernel texture phenotype in soft white spring wheat

Abstract Kernel texture is a key determinant of flour quality. Herein, a population of 125 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between the spring wheat cultivar Alpowa (normal soft) and a closely related uniquely ‘super soft’ line. To study the genetic variation for kernel texture, the RILs and parents were genotyped using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Polymorphic markers (n = 1425) were used for genetic mapping and 372 non-redundant markers were assembled on 21 linkage groups covering 14 chromosomes. Ten QTLs were identified for kernel texture using composite interval mapping (CIM), including four major QTLs on 1BS, 4BS, 5AL and 7AS. Single marker-trait association was also carried out using the same set of markers (1425), and 339 significant markers were identified for kernel texture. Of these 339 markers, the ten best markers, which included the four QTLs above each accounted for 15.0–19.3% phenotypic variation. None of the kernel texture QTL co-located with QTLs for kernel weight or kernel size. This study shows the complex inheritance of this unique super soft kernel trait. Nevertheless, the trait is heritable and could be used to provide bakers a new type of flour.
Industria de la memoria colectiva. Apuntes para la sistematización de un concepto desde el estudio de caso documental chileno

espanolResumen El presente articulo pretende abordar las problematicas y efectos que se producen sobre las memorias colectivas cuando estas son mediatizadas, teniendo en cuenta las relaciones de poder que forman parte de la estructura de los medios de comunicacion, en especial de la television. Para contribuir a la sistematizacion del concepto de industria de la memoria, se utilizara como ejemplo lo acontecido en torno a las producciones documentales emitidas con ocasion del cuadragesimo aniversario del golpe de Estado en Chile (2013). EnglishAbstract This article seeks to address the problems and effects derived from the mediatization of collective memories, especially when considering the power relations involved in mass media structures, in particular the television industry. Here, the events occurred after a series of TV documentaries were aired in 2013 on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Chilean coup d'etat were selected to contribute to the systematization of the concept of industry of the memory. portuguesResumo O presente artigo objetiva abordar as problematicas e efeitos produzidos sobre as memorias coletivas quando elas sao mediatizadas, levando em conta as relacoes de poder formando parte da estrutura das midia, em especial da televisao. Para contribuir com a sistematizacao do conceito de Industria da memoria, vai se utilizar como exemplo o acontecido em torno das producoes documentais emitidas com ocasiao do quadragesimo aniversario do golpe de Estado no Chile (2013).
Development of an impulsive model of dissociation in direct simulation Monte Carlo

A previously proposed classical impulsive model for dissociation of diatomic molecules in direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), the Macheret-Fridman for direct simulation Monte Carlo (MF-DSMC) model [Luo et al., “Classical impulsive model for dissociation of diatomic molecules in direct simulation Monte Carlo,” Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 113401 (2018)], is extended in this work. To improve the prediction of state-specific rates at high vibrational energy, the anharmonic vibrational phase angle distribution function is first incorporated into the model. Then, to improve the prediction of thermal equilibrium dissociation rates, the general concept of calculating total collision cross sections with the MF-DSMC model is discussed and the framework of implementing a collision model based on exponential potential is constructed. The improved model is validated by comparisons with quasiclassical trajectory calculations, empirical estimations, and experimental measurements. In general, better agreement compared with the original version of the model is obtained. The improved model is also evaluated by simulating O2 reacting shock experiment.
Threshold illumination for non-invasive imaging of cells and tissues

Fluorescent microscopy employs monochromatic light which can affect the cells being observed. We reported earlier that fibroblasts relax their contractile force in response to green light of typical intensity. Here we show that such effects are independent of extracellular matrix and type of cell. In addition, we establish a threshold light that invokes minimal effect on cells. We cultured fibroblasts on soft 2D elastic hydrogels embedded with fluorescent beads to trace substrate deformation. The beads move towards cell center when cells contract, but they move away when cells relax. We use relaxation/contraction ratio,{lambda} r, as a measure of cell response to light. The cells were exposed to green (wavelength,{lambda} = 545-580 nm) and red ({lambda} = 635-650 nm) light with a range of intensities. We find red light with intensity less than ~ 57 W/m2 results in{lambda} r = 1, i.e., cells maintain force homeostasis. Higher intensities and smaller wavelengths result in widespread force-relaxation in cells with{lambda} r > 1. We suggest the use of{lambda} > 650 nm light with low intensity (I [≤] 57 W/m2) for time-lapse imaging of cells and tissues in order to avoid light-induced artifacts in experimental observations.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Rhodococcus equi from necropsied foals with rhodococcosis

Mainstay therapy for rhodococcosis in foals is the combination of rifampicin and a macrolide. While emergence of resistance to rifampicin and macrolides has been reported, studies demonstrating the development of resistance to such drugs is limited in necropsied foals with rhodococcosis. In this study, the foal necropsy records between 01/01/2011 and 08/30/2019 were reviewed for culture-positive R. equi with MICs and, whether or not the affected foals received any mainstay dual therapy before their deaths. Resistance to antimicrobials in the R. equi isolates from necropsied foals were then compared between treated foals with dual therapy and untreated foals to determine the association between the administration of antimicrobials and development of the drug resistance. In a total of 256 R. equi isolates from each of the 256 necropsied foals with rhodococcosis, rifampicin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin showed high rates of resistance, 22.65 %, 16.01 %, 14.84 % and 15.23 %, respectively. The most active antimicrobials exhibiting MIC50/90 values were imipenem, doxycycline, amikacin and gentamicin including in the rifampicin- and macrolides-resistant R. equi isolates. Based on the treatment histories available for the 114 necropsied foals with rhodococcosis, R. equi isolates resistant to rifampicin, and macrolides were significantly more isolated from treated foals with mainstay dual therapy compared to untreated foals. Despite dual therapy, development of resistance against rifampicin and macrolides warrants evaluation of new treatment protocols in foals.
Deidentification of free-text medical records using pre-trained bidirectional transformers

The ability of caregivers and investigators to share patient data is fundamental to many areas of clinical practice and biomedical research. Prior to sharing, it is often necessary to remove identifiers such as names, contact details, and dates in order to protect patient privacy. Deidentification, the process of removing identifiers, is challenging, however. High-quality annotated data for developing models is scarce; many target identifiers are highly heterogenous (for example, there are uncountable variations of patient names); and in practice anything less than perfect sensitivity may be considered a failure. Consequently, software for adequately deidentifying clinical data is not widely available. As a result patient data is often withheld when sharing would be beneficial, and identifiable patient data is often divulged when a deidentified version would suffice. In recent years, advances in machine learning methods have led to rapid performance improvements in natural language processing tasks, in particular with the advent of large-scale pretrained language models. In this paper we develop and evaluate an approach for deidentification of clinical notes based on a bidirectional transformer model. We propose human interpretable evaluation measures and demonstrate state of the art performance against modern baseline models. Finally, we highlight current challenges in deidentification, including the absence of clear annotation guidelines, lack of portability of models, and paucity of training data. Code to develop our model is open source and simple to install, allowing for broad reuse.
Legal Viewpoints on Violence in the Emergency Department

Medical violence is on an upward trend. The aim of this article is to investigate the role of Taiwan's national legislature under the Medical Act with regard to preventing and managing violence. Because legal protection is limited, we recommend that all healthcare institutes and their staffs continually pay attention to the strategies of violence prevention and keep an eye on high-risk groups and the appearance of pre-event aura. When a violence event occurs, involved persons should resolutely activate the rapid response team and report the event to the healthcare and prosecuting authorities immediately. Furthermore, institutes should provide all necessary resources such as psychological support and legal assistance in order to minimize harm to staffs.
Cardiovascular Collapse During Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: A Case Report.

Abstract Despite innovative modalities, transurethral resection (TUR) procedures are the primary surgical intervention for bladder tumor and enlarged prostate. TUR syndrome, a major complication of TUR procedures, leads to derangement in electrolytes, hemodynamic compromise, and possible cardiac arrest. This case report describes cardiovascular collapse in a 60-year-old male during TUR of a bladder tumor under general anesthesia. The patient developed hypoxia, which progressed to cardiovascular collapse. Electrolyte analysis revealed acute hyponatremia. The patient was resuscitated successfully, transferred to intensive care unit, and discharged from the hospital without any complications. This case report of a cardiovascular collapse during transurethral resection of bladder tumor offers insight of the risks in urologic procedures and highlights the importance of clear communication as well as early recognition and successful management of complications.
Extraforaminal Vertebral Artery Anomalies and Their Associated Surgical Implications: An Epidemiologic and Anatomic Report on 1000 Patients

Objective Extraforaminal vertebral anomalies involve entry at cervical transverse foramina other than at C6 and can appear with other anatomic variations along the V2 segment. Such unexpected vessel courses can have implications on surgical planning. We sought to evaluate the incidence of anomalous V2 segment entries, as well as their associations with vessel dominance, medialization, and C7 pedicle width. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 1000 consecutive computed tomography angiograms, documenting level and laterality of vessel of entry, as well as vertebral dominance patterns. Patients with rostral C4 anomalies were assessed for medialization. The pedicle widths ipsilateral to caudal C7 anomalies were compared with those of contralateral and matched controls. Results A total of 157 patients were identified with extraforaminal entries, with 25 having bilateral findings. The most common alternative entry was at C5 (70.3%), followed by C4 (17.6%) and C7 (11.5%). Among patients with unilateral anomalies, there was an increased representation of contralateral vertebral dominance, relative to ipsilateral dominance (79.6% vs 20.4%, P Conclusions Extraforaminal anomalies may be more frequent than previously reported and are important considerations during subaxial cervical spine surgery planning. Particular attention should be paid to the contralateral dominance pattern within this subgroup. In patients with anomalous V2 segment entries, adherence to the standard, anatomic landmarks remains desirable.
Renal Tubular Cells from Hibernating Squirrels are Protected against Cisplatin Induced Apoptosis

Hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels are characterized by tolerance of severe hypothermia and hypoperfusion during torpor, followed by periodic warm reperfusion during IBA, conditions which are lethal to nonhibernating mammals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether protection from apoptosis was specific to torpor arousal cycles during hibernation or will also apply to cisplatin treatment on squirrel renal tubular cells (RTECs) that were procured during hibernation. Squirrel and mouse RTECs were treated with cisplatin, a potent inducer of RTEC apoptosis. Squirrel RTECs subjected to cisplatin had significantly less apoptosis, no cleaved caspase-3, and increased XIAP, pAkt, and pBAD versus mouse RTECs. To determine whether XIAP and Akt1 are necessary for RTEC protection against cisplatin induced apoptotic cell death, gene expression of Akt1 or XIAP was silenced in squirrel RTECs. Squirrel RTECs deficient in Akt1 and XIAP had increased apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 when treated with cisplatin. Our results thus demonstrates that 13-lined ground squirrel RTECs possess intrinsic intracellular mechanisms by which they protect themselves from apoptotic cell death. Cisplatin induced acute kidney injury (AKI) may be avoided in cancer patients by employing mechanisms used by squirrel RTECs to protect against cisplatin induced tubular cell apoptosis.
Beyond Simplistic and Narrow Proposals

The primary thrust of this chapter is to share that based on the examination of the meta-analyses, other statistical analyses, and historical trends, there is no one simple solution to the problem of school shootings. If the country is to see genuine long-lasting progress on this issue, it will take a multifaceted and comprehensive approach. The chapter suggests what gun laws are likely to have some effect and others that will likely yield no effects. Reducing the availability of guns can reduce school shootings, but the way to reduce that availability must include “smart guns.” Until a majority of people can understand the potential contributions of at least four of the solutions presented in this book, it is going to prove very difficult to come up with a solution to these school shootings. It is quite possible that, as Joseph Lieberman shared, it begins with the family, but then character education, guns, mental illness, the news media and Hollywood, and a moment of reflection are all major factors. The strategy must be a comprehensive one. Additional secondary solutions, such as increased school security, are also examined. The evidence presented also argues against band-aid solutions.
Early Prediction of Unplanned 30-Day Hospital Readmission: Model Development and Retrospective Data Analysis.

Background: Existing readmission reduction solutions tend to focus on complementing inpatient care with enhanced care transition and postdischarge interventions. These solutions are initiated near or after discharge, when clinicians’ impact on inpatient care is ending. Preventive intervention during hospitalization is an underexplored area that holds potential for reducing readmission risk. However, it is challenging to predict readmission risk at the early stage of hospitalization because few data are available. Objective: The objective of this study was to build an early prediction model of unplanned 30-day hospital readmission using a large and diverse sample. We were also interested in identifying novel readmission risk factors and protective factors. Methods: We extracted the medical records of 96,550 patients in 205 participating Cerner client hospitals across four US census regions in 2016 from the Health Facts database. The model was built with index admission data that can become available within 24 hours and data from previous encounters up to 1 year before the index admission. The candidate models were evaluated for performance, timeliness, and generalizability. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify readmission risk factors and protective factors. Results: We developed six candidate readmission models with different machine learning algorithms. The best performing model of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.753 on the development data set and 0.742 on the validation data set. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, we identified 14 risk factors and 2 protective factors of readmission that have never been reported. Conclusions: The performance of our model is better than that of the most widely used models in US health care settings. This model can help clinicians identify readmission risk at the early stage of hospitalization so that they can pay extra attention during the care process of high-risk patients. The 14 novel risk factors and 2 novel protective factors can aid understanding of the factors associated with readmission.
in vivo Analysis of C-Raf1 — 14-3-3 Interaction

Epistasis studies in model organisms and genetic and biochemical data in mammalian cell culture have unambiguously identified the c-RAF1 kinase as one of the immediate downstream effectors of RAS [10–16]. Thus, raf plays a critical role in cellular signal transduction [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,17,18,19]. It is also able to malignantly transform mammalian cells when activated constitutively [20]. This makes the study of its regulation significant.