cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Workplace violence intervention effectiveness: A systematic literature review

This is a systematic review of literature published since 1992, to determine the effectiveness of interventions in preventing workplace violence and to suggest interventions that need further evaluation research. The health care industry is the topic of 54% of the papers, the retail industry is the topic of 11% of the papers, and the remaining papers address the workplace in general or other situations. This finding drives the organization of this review: the first group of papers discussed in this review evaluates interventions to prevent workplace violence in the retail industry – mostly to prevent robbery and violence to retail workers. Singly or in combination, environmental designs in the retail industry, such as increased lighting to improve visibility and a limited cash-handling policy, can make workers safer, but more research is needed to overcome the barriers to implementation of environmental designs, especially in small businesses. The second group of papers in this review is about interventions to prevent violence to health care workers – mostly training and techniques of dealing with combative patients. Training health care workers to better cope with violent patients and to avoid injury is becoming standard practice, but research is needed to identify specific aspects of training and patient management programs that are most effective.
Quantitative Study of Motor Endplates in Muscle Fibres Dissociated by a Simple Procedure

Large numbers of single muscle fibres can be obtained reproducibly from glutaraldehyde-fixed skeletal muscle by the method described here. With suitable modifications, one can estimate acetylcholine receptor number ($\alpha $-bungarotoxin binding sites) and endplate area in parallel portions produced from the same muscle sample, so that small differences (e.g. with growth or between muscle types) become detectable. Micro-dissection further increases the precision of evaluation of junctional, perijunctional and extrajunctional binding sites. Other applications are illustrated.
Klopfenstein tapered 2–18 GHz microstrip balun

Tapered microstrip Balun is used as an impedance transformer network in feeding sections of spiral antennas as it provides impedance transformation over a large range of frequency and also serves the purpose of conversion of single ended port to a symmetric port. The conversion from unbalanced to balanced line relies on a gradual change of cross section of the line. This paper presents a 2–18 GHz microstrip Balun that uses the Klopfenstein equations for the taper. The Balun structure was first simulated in Ansoft HFSS and then fabricated; there was a close match between the simulated and measured results.
MULTIPLE SEEDED SPIKELETS IN SORGHUM

A study of abnormalities in the multiplication or displacement of parts in plants is of value in connection with the evolutionary history of a species and may throw new light upon relationships with other species
Adsorption of transition-metal atoms on boron nitride nanotube: a density-functional study.

Adsorption of transition atoms on a (8,0) zigzag single-walled boron nitride (BN) nanotube has been investigated using density-functional theory methods. Main focuses have been placed on configurations corresponding to the located minima of the adsorbates, the corresponding binding energies, and the modified electronic properties of the BN nanotubes due to the adsorbates. We have systemically studied a series of metal adsorbates including all 3d transition-metal elements (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and two group-VIIIA transition-metal elements (Pd and Pt). We found that many transition-metal atoms can be chemically adsorbed on the outer surface of the BN nanotubes and that the adsorption process is typically exothermic. Upon adsorption, the binding energies of the Sc, Ti, Ni, Pd, and Pt atoms are relatively high (>1.0eV), while those of V, Fe, and Co atoms are modest, ranging from 0.62to0.92eV. Mn atom forms a weak bond with the BN nanotube, while Zn atom cannot be chemically adsorbed on t...
Late thrombolysis of an occluded aortocoronary saphenous vein graft.

Reprint requests: Mark J. Goldberg, M.D., Dept. of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinai Hospital of Detroit, 6767 West Outer Dr., Detroit, MI 48235. vein graft. Thrombolysis was “late,” both in the sense that graft occlusion occurred several weeks after surgery, and that treatment was administered several days after the onset of symptoms. We believe this represents a promising new application for streptokinase therapy. JP, a 53-year-old male with unstabie angina and a history of previous myocardial infarction, underwent coronary angiography on July 27, 1982. The study revealed a 70 % stenotic lesion in the proximal left anterior descending artery, a 90 % stenotic lesion in the proximal portion of a relatively large intermediate branch, and total proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. Left ventriculography showed normal segmental wall motion, with the left ventricular ejection fraction being 58%. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery was performed on August 4, 1982. Saphenous vein grafts were fashioned for the left anterior descending artery, the intermediate branch, and the posterior descending branch of the right coronary artery. The early postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged in excellent condition 7 days after surgery.
Do rapid political and trade liberalizations increase corruption

Abstract Corruption scandals seem to abound in countries that have undergone reform. However, there has been no study of whether different combinations of reforms cause an increase in corruption. Theory provides some guidance as to the direction of causality—on the one hand, reforms make politicians accountable to voters as well as introducing more competition, which should decrease corruption. On the other hand, reforms may not be credible, which provides for an incentive for corruption. This paper uses the numerous cases of political and economic liberalizations that occurred in the 1980s and 1990s to examine this issue. The findings are that undertaking both types of reforms in rapid succession leads to a decrease in corruption, while countries that liberalized more than 5 years after democratizing experienced an increase in corruption.
Cancer research : future agendas for women's health

This report reviews the national research priorities for women's health, focusing on future research needed to address women's experiences with cancer. The agenda for cancer research was considered in light of recent efforts of the Office of Women's Health Research of the National Institutes of Health to help set an agenda to guide future work. Nursing's contribution to developing science to support women's health care is also addressed.
ways of knowing Islam

The Sama of the southern Philippines are reconstructing the nature of Islamic knowledge, the ways one knows Islam, and the constitution of religious authority. Mass education has played a major role in shaping these Islamic discourses. This article examines the ways the Sama construct their understandings of Islam and the ways mass education in the Philippines has shaped modern Islamic discourses and laid the foundation for the reception of international Islamist teachings. [Philippines, Sama, Islam, education, Islamic mysticism, Islamic reform].
In vivo assessment of reactive oxygen species in the brain using novel dihydroethidium-based methodology

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g. superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, are important mediators for many cell signaling processes. In the central nervous system, cardiovascular function is tightly regulated by cell signaling in specific nuclei (the subfornical organ (SFO), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and rostral venterolateral medulla (RVLM)) and an imbalance of ROS in these nuclei contributes to the development cardiovascular diseases, e.g. hypertension. There are limitations to quantify and localize ROS in brain tissue. The current state-of-the-art method to measure ROS in the brain is in situ quantification of dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence using confocal microscopy. DHE is a cell permeable compound, which upon reaction with ROS forms red fluorescent 2-hydroxyethidium. However, in situ DHE imaging has a number of technical problems. Recent developments with in vivo DHE methods may circumvent these problems but, this methodology has not been well established for brain, particularly cardioregulatory nuclei. The aim of this study was to test whether in vivo DHE methodology using either systemic or direct brain administration of DHE, may be an alternative to in situ DHE. Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (8 micrograms/g i.p.) to elicit ROS production in the brain. In control groups we injected saline or LPS and tempol (200 microliters of 10 mM tempol, i.p.), which is a ROS scavenger. Three hours later mice were injected with DHE (150 microliters of 150 micrograms/mouse, i.p.) and brains were harvested one hour later. In a second experiment we administered DHE via an intracerebroventricular (ICV, 1 microliter of 10 micromolar DHE) cannula (including the same controls), which allows direct delivery of DHE to the brain. Our results show that LPS caused increased DHE fluorescence intensity in the SFO, RVLM and PVN but not in control areas e.g. the cortex when DHE was administrated intraperitoneally. Saline- and tempol-treated mice showed much lower DHE fluorescence. The distribution pattern was similar in both experiments. In conclusion, this study shows that DHE administered either systemically or directly into the brain leads to effective detection of LPS-induced ROS formation in brain centers important in cardiovascular homeostasis and may be an important alternative to in situ DHE.
π-Facial selectivities and proximal/distal regioselectivities in Diels–Alder reactions of unsymmetrical, cage-annulated 1,3-cyclohexadienes

Abstract Diels–Alder cycloaddition of hexacyclo[7.5.1.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]pentadeca-2,4-diene-7,15-dione (1) to ethyl propiolate proceeds with π-facial selectivity to afford two cycloadducts, 4b and 5b (product ratio: 4b/5b=80:20). Thermal [4+2] cycloaddition of hexacyclo[7.5.2.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]hexadeca-2,4-diene-7,16-dione (2) to ethyl propiolate affords two isomeric cycloadducts, i.e. 6c and 6d (product ratio: 6c/6d=40:60). Cycloadducts 6c and 6d are formed with a high degree of endo π-facial selectivity but with only modest proximal/distal regioselectivity. The corresponding [4+2] cycloaddition of 2 (diene) to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (dienophile) produced a single cycloadduct, 7b. These observations have been further examined by employing Hartree–Fock relative energies of transition states presumably formed enroute to the various products. Interestingly, filled orbital electrostatic repulsion between the incoming dienophile and the CO groups in the diene substrate does not appear to be a significant factor that might influence π-facial selection in this [4+2] cycloaddition. Finally, thermal [4+2] cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene (diene) to dienophile 3 proceeded with a high degree of π-facial selectivity to afford a single cycloadduct, 9b.
Continuous-time, stage-structured, multiple-species model with applications to amphibians

Since the 1980s, biologists have noticed a major decline in amphibian population. The reason this is so alarming is because amphibians have been seen as a ''Canary in the mine'' when it comes to the world's environmental changes. With global warming and CO"2 emissions all over the news, we have become more aware of how we are impacting our world. If the decline of amphibians is a precursor to what is happening with the environment, then we need to find a good model to give us estimates on what is going to happen in the future. Here we used a predator-prey-competition model to help investigate how three amphibians might interact when confined to the same area.
Co-focused ultrasound and optical coherence elastography system for the study of age-related changes of biomechanical properties of crystalline lens in rabbit eyes

In this study, we utilize a confocal ultrasound and phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography (OCE) system to assess age-related changes in biomechanical properties of the crystalline lens in intact rabbit eyes in situ. Lowamplitude elastic deformations, induced on the surface of the lens by localized acoustic radiation force, were measured using phase-sensitive OCT. The results demonstrate that the displacements induced in young rabbit lenses are significantly larger than those in the mature lenses. Temporal analyses of the elastic waves are also demonstrated significant difference between young and old lenses, indicating that the stiffness of lens increases with the age. These results demonstrate possibility of OCE for completely noninvasive analysis and quantification of lens biomechanical properties, which could be used in many clinical and basic science applications such as surgeries and studies on lens physiology and function.
Aging Toward Happiness

Recent studies have led to the surprising conclusion that older Americans tend to be happier than younger ones. What does this mean for mental health professionals working with older adults? It is important to consider the implications of mental health research in aging that may help us understand happiness and depression in older adults.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism alters hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to naloxone: a preliminary report.

Abstract Background A common polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene involves a valine to methionine mutation that results in a threefold to fourfold decrease in enzyme activity. This polymorphism has been associated with altered μ-opioid receptor binding potential and prefrontal cognitive performance, as well as risk for several neuropsychiatric conditions. We hypothesized that subjects homozygous for the low-activity allele would have greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to opioid blockade than subjects with the high-activity allele. Methods Forty-six healthy adults were genotyped and underwent a procedure in which adrenocorticotropin hormone and cortisol responses to the opioid antagonist naloxone were examined. Results Findings showed that adrenocorticotropin hormone and cortisol responses were greater in subjects with the methionine/methionine genotype compared to subjects homozygous or heterozygous for the valine allele. Conclusions These findings suggest that individual differences in catecholamine metabolism may impact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function and may play a pharmacogenetic role in responses to naloxone.
Effect of Impurities on Electrical Solid‐state Properties of Barium Titanate

Results are presented in which BaTiO2 single crystals with various impurity additions were grown and their effect on crystal quality, switching behavior, and electrical solid-state properties was investigated.
Evidence for a synergistic salt-protein interaction-complex patterns of activation vs. inhibition of nitrogenase by salt

The molybdenum nitrogenase enzyme system, comprised of the MoFe protein and the Fe protein, catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric N(2) to NH(3). Interactions between these two proteins and between Fe protein and nucleotides (MgADP and MgATP) are crucial to catalysis. It is well established that salts are inhibitors of nitrogenase catalysis that target these interactions. However, the implications of salt effects are often overlooked. We have reexamined salt effects in light of a comprehensive framework for nitrogenase interactions to offer an in-depth analysis of the sources of salt inhibition and underlying apparent cooperativity. More importantly, we have identified patterns of salt activation of nitrogenase that correspond to at least two mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is that charge screening of MoFe protein-Fe protein interactions in the nitrogenase complex accelerates the rate of nitrogenase complex dissociation, which is the rate-limiting step of catalysis. This kind of salt activation operates under conditions of high catalytic activity and low salt concentrations that may resemble those found in vivo. While simple kinetic arguments are strong evidence for this kind of salt activation, further confirmation was sought by demonstrating that tight complexes that have previously displayed little or no activity due to the inability of Fe protein to dissociate from the complex are activated by the presence of salt. This occurs for the combination Azotobacter vinelandii MoFe protein with: (a) the L127Delta Fe protein; and (b) Clostridium pasteurianum Fe protein. The curvature of activation vs. salt implies a synergistic salt-protein interaction.
Use of stream order and biological indices to assess water quality in the Osage and Black river basins of Missouri

Significant variations in four biological measures of water quality with stream order and river basin were demonstrated for streams of the Black and Osage river basins of Missouri. Water quality criteria specific for each order and basin were then developed. Benthic macroinvertebrates from springs and stream orders 3–8 in the two river basins were sampled quarterly for one year with riffle nets and artificial substrate samplers. A total of 548 samples were taken at 137 stations. The average annual macroinvertebrate density, index of diversity, number of taxa, and number of mayfly and stonefly taxa were determined for each station. These measures showed significant differences (p < 0.05) across stream order within and between the two river basins. Total taxa, total mayfly and stonefly taxa, and diversity were highest in orders 4 and 5 with decreased values in lower and higher stream orders. Maximum organism densities occurred in intermediate order streams. These differences were attributed to the succession of physical changes from headwaters to mouth within each river and to the unique geomorphology of each catchment basin. Water quality criteria based on three of the four measures described above (with 95% confidence limits) were established for each stream order in each river basin. Criteria for the Osage River basin were then used to identify three streams in the basin affected by environmental disturbances (stream impoundment, channelization and sewage discharge). The use of order- and basin-specific criteria assures that the biological differences between streams caused by environmental disturbance can be distinguished from the natural biological differences between streams of different orders and drainages.
Reasoning on Uncertain Enterprise Technology Alignment for Insight into Attainment of Enterprise Transformation

Enterprise transformation is a complex undertaking involving organizational change and new technology use. Executives require reasoned alignments of the enterprise's technology initiatives and performance goals. They need to understand how the technology initiatives support the attainment of the transformation. Poor alignment reasoning increases the risk of wasted investments and failed transformations. Reasoned alignments require making complex arguments that integrate information about strategic planning, enterprise modeling, organizational change management, and systems engineering. This article presents the Line of Sight Evidential Reasoning Analysis method. The method focuses on the complex alignment argument of the technology initiative in an enterprise transformation. Each technology initiative starts with an assertion that, if the technology is implemented, certain processes will improve, which will cause service to improve and the enterprise to attain a strategic outcome. Over time, however, thin...
Virtual Reality: Advanced Imaging Special Effects Let You Roam in Cyberspace

We describe current embodiments of Virtual Reality : a computer-synthesized three-dimensional environment (cyberspace) in which a plurality of human participants, appropriately interfaced, may engage and manipulate simulated physical elements in the environment and, in some forms, may engage and interact with representations of each other, and in projected future versions, may interact with representations of other humans, past, present, or fictional, or invented creatures. We discuss the development of Virtual Reality through the converging technologies of simulation of advanced aerospace and military equipment, digital imaging, and motion picture special effects (F/X), and examine its likely future course and impacts including those in libraries
New conformal field theories associated with lie algebras and their partition functions

Abstract New conformal field theories are defined as a generalization of the vertex operator construction to arbitrary level, k, and arbitrary simple Lie algebra. Exact scaling dimensions and partition functions are given in terms of the string functions of affine algebra. The theories have a discrete symmetry group which is the root lattice modulo k times the long roots lattice. Twisted partition functions are given, and the general solutions to modular invariance are described as orbifolds of principal ones.
Best linear methods for approximation of bounded harmonic functions

We construct a best linear method for the approximation of bounded harmonic functions on compact subsets of the unit disk. We show that a system of functions orthonormal on the unit circle and optimal for the construction of the best linear approximation method is a Takenaka-Malmquist system.
Salivary cortisol reflects serum cortisol : analysis of circadian profiles

Background: Technical hurdles limit the characterization of key hormonal rhythms. Frequent sampling increases detection of changes in magnitude or circadian and ultradian patterns, but limits feasi...
Under Pressure: The Effects of Stress on Positive and Negative Relationship Behaviors

This study investigates the effects of acute stress on positive and negative relationship behaviors, specifically assurances and attention to alternatives. A sample of 129 college students were randomly assigned to either a high or low stress condition, then were led to believe they had the opportunity to interact with attractive potential relationship partners and list compliments about their current partner. Results indicated that those in the high stress condition gave their partner fewer assurances and paid more attention to alternatives. These results suggest that when individuals experience acute stress, they may engage in fewer positive relationship behaviors and more behaviors that are potentially harmful to their relationship.
Specific heat of Nd(1-x)SrxMnO3

Abstract The specific heat ( C ) of the colossal magnetoresistance material Nd 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 was measured for 0.35 T H ⩽ 9 T. Estimates were made of contributions to C from the hyperfine interactions, the lattice, Nd 3+ magnetic ordering, ferromagnetic ordering of the Mn ions near T c ≈ 205 K, and a low- T γT term. The entropy associated with the last three terms is essentially equal to that expected for the ordering of the Nd and Mn moments.
Unemployment Equilibrium with Myopic Complete Information

We will demonstrate that unemployment equilibrium can arise (even at Walrasian equilibrium prices) when each non-cooperative optimizing agent has full information about the consequences of his actions.' Agents may be unable to trade all they wish at going market prices because of insufficient demand for goods they want to sell (or insufficient supply for goods they wish to buy). Both in and out of equilibrium, each agent is assumed to know the actual trade possibilities open to him, conditional upon the actions of other agents remaining constant. This degree of information will be called myopic complete information.' Our interest in endowing agents with this much information is that unemployment is less surprising when agents have pessimistic expectations about their trading possibilities. Unemployment in this paper is not due to underestimates (by firms) of demand for output, nor does the presence of unemployment depend on underestimation (by workers) of income. We make the polar assumption that quantities rather than prices adjust when a market does not clear. Later on, we argue that for some plausible disequilibrium dynamics, there is no pressure on prices at some equilibria. We also exhibit examples of unemployment equilibrium at Walrasian equilibrium prices. Thus, unemployment is not merely the result of rigid prices set at the " wrong " levels. Studies of unemployment equilibrium face a persistent difficulty in specifying the character of individual optimization. The sticky points include (i) whether quantity constraints on individual purchases and sales implied by the failure of markets to clear are taken as rigid or subject to manipulation by agents' actions; (ii) whether the quantity constraints and the more conventional budget and non-negativity constraints apply to agents' offers (which may not be fulfilled) or to realized trades; (iii) whether offers (which may not be realized) to trade a commodity represent an optimization with respect to that commodity alone (a partial disequilibrium calculation) or an optimization with respect to all goods (general disequilibrium). The view we take in the present study is that budget and nonnegativity constraints apply directly only to actual trades, not to offers. Agents in the market have a rather good idea of what trade will be realized from offers they make. Offers are made after calculation with respect to all markets at once. That is, an offer for a good is made in light of other offers for its substitutes, complements, and other goods (if any) related to it through preferences or the allocation mechanism. Several authors have demonstrated the existence of unemployment equilibrium in a decentralized economy with optimizing agents (Glustoff (1968), Benassy (1975), Dreze (1975), Grandmont-Laroque (1976), and Hahn (1978)). Walrasian equilibrium with
Follicular lymphoid hyperplasia of the hard palate: report of a case.

Summary A review of the literature and a case report of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia (FLH) of the hard palate has been presented. This entity should always be considered when confronted with a hard-palate swelling. A diagnosis of FLH generally can be made after a thorough medical and dental examination and immunocytochemical studies of the surgical specimen. Local wide excision of the tumor is suggested as the treatment of choice. During the healing period, the use of a surgical stent will give the patient comfort as the wound heals by secondary intention.
New bees of the genus Ischnomelissa Engel, with a key to the species (Hymenoptera, Halictidae, Augochlorini)

Five new species of the rare neotropical bee genus Ischnomelissa Engel, Ischnomelissa rhina, I. cyanea, I. lescheni, I. ecuadoriana and I. octogesima are described and figured. I. cyanea, like the type species I. zonata Engel, has a narrow malar space. The other four species have elongated malar spaces very similar to the genus Chlerogella Michener. Because of the addition of five more species to a previously monotypic genus, a new generic diagnosis is given along with a key to all known species. The genus was previously known only from Colombia, but has now been found in Ecuador.
A relation of response functions and correlation functions to the random walk problem inμ-space for uniform systems in nonequilibrium transport theory

The Boltzmann equation for a uniform system of nondegenerate electrons in a constant field containing an additive, normconserving perturbation termgk is solved by comparison with the Green’s function solution of the unperturbed equation. Linear response coefficients can be expressed by the conditional probability as a linear functional ingk.
The view from the trenches: organization, power, and technology at two nonprofit homeless outreach centers

Nonprofit social service organizations provide the backbone of social support infrastructure in the U.S. and around the world. As the ecology of information exchange moves evermore digital, nonprofit organizations with limited resources and expertise struggle to keep pace. We present a qualitative investigation of two nonprofit outreach centers providing service to the homeless in a U.S. metropolitan city. Despite similar goals shared by these organizations, apparent differences in levels of computerization, volunteerism, and organizational structure demonstrate the challenges in attempting to adopt technology systems when resources and technical expertise are highly constrained.
Evaluation of Predicted Deceleration Values From the Stress-Energy Method Compared to Actual Deceleration Values From the ASTM D1596 Test Method

In recent years a simplified method for generating cushion curves, called stress-energy, has been presented as an alternative to ASTM D1596. A frequent question regarding the stress-energy method is the accuracy of the predicted deceleration compared to actual deceleration. This study compares the predicted deceleration values from the stress-energy method to the actual deceleration values collected from the ASTM D1596 test method for several data sets of EPS and EPE molded foam. Results show the average difference between the stress-energy predicted deceleration and the actual ASTM D1596 deceleration values to be 10 % or less for 144.2 kg/m3 EPE. Evaluating 20.0 kg/m3 EPS, the average difference between predicted and actual deceleration values is about 12 % or less. The study also found drop to drop deceleration to vary widely, so average actual deceleration was also evaluated compared to the predicted stress-energy deceleration. As a result, both the EPE and EPS predicted deceleration can be shown to be within ±10% of the actual averaged deceleration, an accuracy useful for practical application.
An Introduction to the Patient-Centered Medical Home

The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is a redesign of office practice that maintains the core values of traditional family medicine, creates health care teams that track and improve patient care, improves access, satisfaction, and patient centeredness, and is supported by reformed reimbursement. The Affordable Care Act has acknowledged the role of the PCMH and contains many components that support the study and expansion of the model. This first offering in a series of articles on the PCMH provides an introduction to the principles of the PCMH, its place in national delivery demonstration projects and accountable care organizations, and a description of some of the changes practices can begin to make in the transition to a medical home.
Polarized neutron reflectometry of a patterned magnetic film with a 3He analyzer and a position-sensitive detector

We have employed a polarized 3He spin filter in conjunction with a position-sensitive detector (PSD) to perform efficient polarization analysis of neutron diffuse reflectivity. This work was carried out on the NG-1 polarized neutron reflectometer at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. We measured the specular and diffuse reflectivity of a patterned magnetic array that has periodic square holes in a Co film. Analysis of the data yielded spin-analyzed two-dimensional Qx−Qz reciprocal space maps for the sample in magnetized and demagnetized states. We compared the measurements obtained with a 3He analyzer and a PSD with those obtained using a conventional supermirror analyzer and a 3He proportional counter. The results are in good agreement. For this experiment, 3He gas was polarized by the spin-exchange optical pumping method and stored in a uniform magnetic field provided by a shielded solenoid. Improved optical pumping using a spectrally narrowed diode laser arr...
Congential complete atrioventricular block

Abstract Medical history and recent knowledge on definition, diagnosis, etiology, natural history, and management of congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) are reviewed. An association between material connective tissue disease and most cases of CCAVB has been demonstrated, but further and more specific proof of a causal relationship is needed. Mortality and morbidity in isolated CCAVB is highest in fetal life and in the neonatal period, but is also considerable in infancy, childhood, and adult life. The presence of associated structural heart disease and/or significant endomyocardial fibrosis increases the mortality and morbidity. Treatment of CCAVB is possible and effective in most cases, and prevention might be possible in selected cases in the near future. The low complication rate of pacemaker treatment of today justifies a generous attitude toward treatment. The risk of sudden death in adult life without prodromal symptoms, the gradually decreasing ventricular rate, and a high incidence of ‘acquired’ mitral insufficiency are arguments in favor of prophylactic pacemaker treatment.
The neurophysiology of larval firefly luminescence: Direct activation through four bifurcating (DUM) neurons

The paired lanterns of the larval fireflyPhoturis versicolor are bilaterally innervated by four dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons the somata of which are found in the terminal abdominal ganglion (A8) and which stain with Neutral Red (Fig. 1A). Both intra- and extracellularly recorded activity in these neurons is always associated with a bilateral glow response, or BGR (Figs. 3 and 4). Luminescence cannot be initiated or maintained in the absence of DUM neuron excitation. Furthermore, there is a linear causative relationship between the frequency of DUM neuron activity and the amplitude of the resultant BGR (Figs. 6 and 7). Due to the intrinsic bilateral morphology, firefly DUM neurons may be antidromically activated through either lantern nerve, resulting in the initiation of luminescence in the contralateral lantern (Figs. 8 and 9). This activation is unaffected by high Mg++ saline indicating that the DUM neurons provide a direct pathway for conduction through the ganglion (Fig. 9). The DUM neurons receive synaptic input from axons descending through both anterior connectives, however, stimulation of only one connective results in a BGR since excitation is carried to both sides of the periphery through the bilateral axons. Firefly DUM neurons exhibit physiological qualities typical of neurosecretory cells: spikes are characterized by a slow time course and a long and deep afterhyperpolarization (Fig. 10). This is consistent with the observation that spontaneous firing rates are usually below 3 Hz, but nevertheless elicit a strong BGR (Figs. 3 and 5). The physiological evidence presented in this study correlates well with the morphological, pharmacological and biochemical evidence compiled from previous studies, which indicates that the four DUM neurons represent the sole photomotor output from the central nervous system to the larval lanterns. Evidence is discussed which indicates that these effects are mediated throught the release of octopamine, long presumed to be the lantern neurotransmitter. These results, therefore, describe a novel and unexpected role for DUM neurons in regulating an unusual invertebrate effector tissue and further expands the growing list of functions for octopamine in neural control mechanisms.
Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema difficult to treat with focal/grid laser

Background To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in patients with diabetic clinically significant macular edema (CSME), when further focal or grid laser was considered to be unsafe.
Segmenting technology markets: applying the nested approach

Purpose – Sound target marketing leads to winning business strategies. While market segmentation is an intriguing academic concept, most B2B practitioners struggle with the design and implementation of such initiatives. This paper aims to illustrate an effective strategic segmentation process in a high‐technology market context.Design/methodology/approach – Bonoma and Shapiro's nested model – consisting of geodemographics, operating variables, purchasing approaches, situational factors and characteristics of the buyer – is used as a conceptual framework for market segmentation analysis. The model is applied to Citrix Systems as a way of finding new business opportunities in the desktop application streaming market.Findings – In this study, 17 potential segmenting variables within the five major levels are examined with an initial emphasis on firmographics and technology. Census data identified market priorities based on establishment size, key sectors and geographic sales territories.Practical implication...
Uncoupling and charge transfer in bacterial chromatophores.

Abstract Uncoupling of photophosphorylation in bacterial chromatophores is obtained with NH 4 Cl or K + (Na + ) plus nigericin in the presence of either valinomycin or suitable permeant anions. The experiments suggest that uncoupling is obtained by the simultaneous abolishment of both pH gradient and membrane potential components of the light-induced electrochemical proton gradient, independently of the nature of the primary event in energy coupling. A general discussion of the relationship between uncoupling and the transfer of charge across the membranes of chromatophores, chloroplasts and submitochondrial particles is presented.
Swash zone moisture dynamics and unsaturated infiltration in two sandy beach aquifers

The intertidal zone of coastal aquifers is a dynamic region of mixing between saline surface water and fresh groundwater. Groundwater circulation in this zone is affected by complex forcing mechanisms that operate on a range of timescales and can regulate chemical fluxes to marine environments. We evaluated wave swash-induced infiltration and associated flow dynamics in the unsaturated region of two sandy beach aquifers with differing wave conditions and beach morphologies. Moisture and pressure sensors were used to measure fluctuations in water content, water table elevation, and hydraulic gradients at high frequencies (5 Hz) in the swash zone at mean lower low water, mean sea level, and mean higher high water. Water content in the unsaturated region of the swash zone responded to wave overtopping and swash infiltration, with a rapid rise in water content followed by a slower decline. Swash-induced unsaturated infiltration rates, calculated from water content response, were lowest near low tide and increased up the beachface with inflow highest near high tide at both sites, consistent with an increase in water table depth up the beach. Unsaturated infiltration was 1.6 m 3 /m per tidal cycle at the wavedominated beach and 0.4 m 3 /m per tidal cycle at the tide-dominated beach. Saturated pore pressure measurements show that a water table mound formed as a consequence of swash infiltration that migrated up the beach during rising tide, leading to divergent seaward/landward groundwater flow. The results demonstrate the significant and spatially variable effects of wave swash on moisture dynamics in the unsaturated zone of beach aquifers, and show that these effects depend on wave conditions and beach characteristics. Results have implications for understanding transport and reaction of solutes in this biogeochemically active zone.
Rehabilitating Psoas Tendonitis: A Case Report

This case report describes the examination and physical therapy intervention for a woman with anterior hip pain whose medical diagnosis following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was bilateral labral tears and psoas tendinitis. Her physical therapy evaluation revealed findings consistent with psoas tendonitis. Utilizing theories of neuromuscular patterning and knowledge of normal muscle function, the patient was successfully treated in physical therapy following six physical therapy sessions, once a week for 6 weeks. The patient was found to have an overactive psoas muscle, as indicated by hip flexion being the primary mover in her movement patterns, and dysfunctional abdominal and pelvic floor muscles. Functionally based therapeutic exercise and electrical stimulation were used to reeducate the muscles of the abdomen, pelvic floor, and hips in order to create muscular balance and correct muscle dysfunction.
Relativistic effects on the wave function of a moving system

An alternative approach to the recent results of Krajcik and Foldy is presented which stresses a different point of view, but is completely equivalent to their results.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Relativistic corrections to wave functions.
Structure and function of copper-stressed aquatic microcosms

Laboratory aquatic microcosms were established using natural pond sediment and the organisms contained therein. After a 30-day development time, microcosms were exposed on a flow-through basis to six concentrations of copper with six replicates of each concentration. Measures of energy fixation, material cycling, and biological structure were measured periodically over a 32-wk period. Exposure to copper at 9.3 μg/l and higher resulted in a change in the structure and function of the test systems while 4.0 μg/l did not cause an effect relative to controls. Systems at 9.3 μg/l were structurally similar to controls but at reduced levels of primary production, dissolved organic carbon production, and macroalgal growth. Substantial structural changes occurred at ≥ 30 μg/l as these systems increasingly shifted from autotrophic to heterotrophic systems. Little evidence of adaptation to the copper stress occurred during the test period.
Motivations to eat: Scale development and validation

Abstract Objective : To validate a measure of psychological motivations to eat based on a four-category model of motivations for alcohol use ( Cooper, 1994 ). Motivations specified by this model are: to cope with negative affect, to be social, to comply with others’ expectations, and to enhance pleasure. Method : In Study 1, 40 respondents were queried in an open-ended format about their reasons for eating; responses were content-coded to determine if they fit into the four theorized categories. In Study 2, an item pool was generated based on responses from Study 1, and random halves of a sample of 812 college students were used to test and then validate the hypothesized factor structure. Results : As expected, the final inventory yielded the four theorized categories. The factor structure was generally invariant across gender, and the resulting Motivations to Eat subscales uniquely predicted restrictive eating, bingeing, and purging. Discussion : Prior eating research has focused mainly on coping and compliance motivations. The present study identified four distinct motivations to eat that potentially are important for understanding healthy and disordered eating.
PROBABILITY OF FIXATION AND MEAN FIXATION TIME OF AN OVERDOMINANT MUTATION

The probability of fixation of an overdominant mutation in a finite population depends on the equilibrium gene frequency in an infinite population (m) and the product (A) of population size and selection intensity. If m 0.5 (advantageous overdominant genes), the probability is largely determined by the fitness of heterozygotes rather than that of mutant homozygotes. Thus, overdominance enhances the probability of fixation of advantageous mutations. The average number of generations until fixation of an overdominant mutation also depends on m and A. This average time is long when m is close to 0.5 but short when m is close to 0 or 1. This dependence on m and A is similar to that of Robertson's retardation factor.
Romantic Relationships Following Wartime Deployment

This study examines the romantic relationships of reservists following wartime deployment. Members of an Army Reserve unit and their partners participated in seven waves of interviews in the year following the reservists’ return from deployment. Qualitative analysis of these 101 interviews from 19 participants revealed four themes: (a) intermittent idealized closeness, (b) transition from independence to interdependence, (c) transition in the primary source of social support, and (d) ongoing renegotiation of roles. Intermittent idealized closeness fluctuated over time and was an individual rather than a joint phenomenon. Couples had to relearn how to be interdependent, and for some this was the most difficult aspect of reunion. Individuals shifted away from partners for social support during deployment and gradually shifted back to relying on partners following reunion. Transitions in work and family roles were negotiated on an ongoing basis throughout the year.
SRAM leakage suppression by minimizing standby supply voltage

Suppressing the leakage current in memories is critical in low-power design. By reducing the standby supply voltage (V/sub DD/) to its limit, which is the data retention voltage (DRV), leakage power can be substantially reduced. This paper explores how low DRV can be in a standard low leakage SRAM module and analyzes how DRV is affected by parameters such as process variations, chip temperature, and transistor sizing. An analytical model for DRV as a function of process and design parameters is presented, and forms the basis for further design space explorations. This model is verified using simulations as well as measurements from a 4 kB SRAM chip in a 0.13 /spl mu/m technology. It is demonstrated that an SRAM cell state can be preserved at sub-300 mV standby VDD, with more than 90% leakage power savings.
Effect of hydration on silk film material properties

Effects of hydration on silk fibroin film properties were investigated for water-annealed and MeOH-treated samples. Hydration increased thickness by 60% for MeOH-immersed films, while water-annealed samples remained constant. MeOH-immersed films showed an 80% mass loss due to water, while water-annealed lost only 40%. O(2) permeability was higher in MeOH-immersed films with Dk values of 10(-10) (mL O(2) x cm) x (cm(-1) x s(-1) x mmHg(-1)), while those of water-annealed films reached only one fifth of this value. All films showed a decrease in Young's modulus and increased plastic deformation by two orders of magnitude when submerged in saline solution. FT-IR showed that beta-sheet content in water-annealed films increased with increasing water vapor pressure, while MeOH-immersed films showed no change.
The impact of the manager-shareholder conflict on acquiring bank returns

This paper examines whether shareholder value-maximizing corporate governance mechanisms assist in reducing the managerial incentive to enter value-destroying bank acquisitions. We find that diversifying bank acquisitions earn significantly negative announcement period abnormal returns (AR) for bidder banks whereas focusing acquisitions earn zero AR. We then find that corporate governance variables (such as CEO share and option ownership and a smaller board size) in the bidding bank are less effective in diversifying acquisitions than in focusing acquisitions. These results are robust to the inclusion of the usual control variables. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Case-by-Case Problem Solving

Case-by-case Problem Solving solves each occurrence, or case, of a problem using available knowledge and resources on the case. It is different from the traditional Algorithmic Problem Solving, which applies the same algorithm to all occurrences of all problem instances. Case-by-case Problem Solving is suitable for situations where the system has no applicable algorithm for a problem. This approach gives the system flexibility, originality, and scalability, at the cost of predictability. This paper introduces the basic notion of Case-by-case Problem Solving, as well as its most recent implementation in NARS, an AGI project.
Hamiltonian analysis of beams in an optical slab guide

The formal analogy between Hamiltonian classical mechanics and quantum mechanics on the one hand and geometrical optics and physical optics on the other hand is systematically presented. When the time is replaced by the axial coordinate of a cylindrically uniform optical system and Hamilton’s principle replaced by Fermat’s principle, classical particle trajectories correspond to rays and quantum-mechanical wave functions to physical-optics fields. The operator formalism of quantum mechanics then provides elegant solutions for problems associated with propagation of beams in a gradient-index multimode optical slab guide.