cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Slipping or Gripping? Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy in Fish Keratocytes Reveals Two Different Mechanisms for Generating a Retrograde Flow of Actin

Fish keratocytes can generate rearward directed traction forces within front portions of the lamellipodium, suggesting that a retrograde flow of actin may also occur here but this was not detected by previous photoactivation experiments. To investigate the relationship between retrograde flow and traction force generation, we have transfected keratocytes with GFP-actin and used fluorescent speckle microscopy, to observe speckle flow. We detected a retrograde flow of actin within the leading lamellipodium that is inversely proportional to both protrusion rate and cell speed. To observe the effect of reducing contractility, we treated transfected cells with ML7, a potent inhibitor of myosin II. Surprisingly, ML7 treatment led to an increase in retrograde flow rate, together with a decrease in protrusion and cell speed, but only in rapidly moving cells. In slower moving cells, retrograde flow decreased, whereas protrusion rate and cell speed increased. These results suggest that there are two mechanisms for producing retrograde flow. One involves slippage between the cytoskeleton and adhesions, that decreases traction force production. The other involves slippage between adhesions and the substratum, which increases traction force production. We conclude that a biphasic relationship exists between retrograde actin flow and adhesiveness in moving keratocytes.
Scaling of Dislocation Strengthening by Multiple Obstacle Types

Strengthening of dislocations by multiple obstacle types occurs in many engineering alloys. Theories have rationalized two different scaling laws for the total strength, \( \tau_{t}^{\alpha } = \tau_{1}^{\alpha } + \tau_{2}^{\alpha } , \) with α = 1 or 2, where τ1 and τ2 are the strengths of the two individual obstacle types. Simulations have clearly demonstrated α = 2, while “friction” strengthening must correspond to α = 1. Here, line-tension simulations of dislocation glide through two types of point obstacles are performed to examine the friction limit. One obstacle type is weak (critical angle approaching 180 deg) but with very high density, approximately corresponding to solute strengthening; and the second obstacle type is stronger (smaller critical angle) but with lower density, approximately corresponding to forest or precipitate strengthening. Additive strengthening α = 1 is obtained when the densities of the two obstacle types differ by more than a factor of ~67, while a transition to α = 2 occurs with increasing density of the second obstacle. These simulations confirm the long-held metallurgical wisdom regarding additivity of solute or friction strengthening with other strengthening mechanisms and also demonstrate that apparent intermediate scaling laws with 1 < α < 2 can arise for a range of relative obstacle densities. Investigation of several literature experimental studies shows some agreement with the model here but quantitative comparisons remain difficult.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK ON THE HUMAN INTESTINAL COLIFORM BACTERIAa, b

As a result of antibiotic therapy for bovine mastitis, minute concentrations of antibiotics are carried over into the milk supply which may then be used as fresh fluid milk or the manufacture of da...
Fadiga, Goce, Funky Butt--Three Views on Polyrhythm

This essay examines three instances in which polyrhythm serves as a metaphor for thinking through relations of difference. In the thought of Mario de Andrade, polyrhythm serves as a mechanism for situating musical creation within a logic of production and accumulation. In the work of the Cuban writer Antonio Benitez Rojo, polyrhythm becomes a model for thinking about the Caribbean and its geography in relation to the performing arts. Finally, in early twentieth-century New Orleans, the musical feel associated with polyrhythm would contribute to a highly sexualized rhythmic feel that relates musical intensity to the smell of dancers’ bodies.
Role of General Medical & Surgical Hospitals in the Economy of Dauphin, Lancaster & Lebanon Counties

General medical and surgical hospitals are an important part of the history and economy of Dauphin, Lancaster, and Lebanon counties in Pennsylvania. The industry creates jobs and compensation for workers and generates tax revenues in the counties.
Toward the Synthesis of Sub-15 nm Ag Nanocubes with Sharp Corners and Edges: The Roles of Heterogeneous Nucleation and Surface Capping.

We report a polyol method for the facile synthesis of Ag nanocubes having sharp corners and edges, together with edge lengths below 15 nm. The rapid nucleation of Ag atoms was facilitated through the addition of a trace amount of SH– to generate Ag2S clusters while the corners and edges of the nanocubes were sharpened through the introduction of Br– as a regulator of the growth kinetics and a capping agent for the Ag(100) surface. Because of their much smaller size relative to the more commonly used capping agent based on poly(vinylpyrrolidone), Br– ions are more effective in passivating the {100} facets on very small Ag nanocubes. The mechanistic roles of these additives, along with the effects of their interactions with other species present in the reaction solution, were all systematically investigated. The concentration of SH– was found to be a particularly effective parameter for tuning the edge length of the nanocubes. As a result of the understanding gained during the course of this study, Ag nanoc...
Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Control: Evaluation of Several Chemicals for Individual Mound Treatments

Ten pesticides in various formulations were applied as aqueous drenches, fumigants, or baits to mounds of Solenopsis invicta Buren at rates recommended by the supplier. The most effective chemicals for drenches were acephate 8 or 15.6 EC, carbaryl 23 suspension, bendiocarb 76 WP, chlordane 72 EC, and diazinon 25 EC at application rates of 2.2 to 3.4, 27.2, 4.6, 4.0, and 7.5 g of AI per mound, respectively. Amdro (tetrahydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinone, [3-[4-trifluoromethyl) phenyl] 1-[2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethenyl]-2-propenylidene]hydrazone.) 088% bait was very effective at rates of 0.1 and 0.2 g per mound.
Pathologic physiology of mammalian blood platelet utilizing P32 tagged rabbit platelets.

Summary1. Purified, unagglutinated platelet suspensions prepared from rabbit blood do incorporate radioactive phosphorus readily, and therefore lend themselves to life span studies in vivo. 2. These studies indicate that transfused rabbit radioactive platelets are rapidly removed from the peripheral blood and the radioactivity recovered in organs of the reticuloendothelial system, namely spleen, liver, lung and bone marrow. 3. The problem of viability of these platelets is discussed. The evidence suggests that damage has occurred during manipulation. 4. These observations are important primarily in demonstrating aspects of metabolism and destruction of platelets.
Healthcare Providers’ Nonverbal Behavior can Lead Patients to Show Their Pain More Accurately: An Analogue Study

Accurate pain assessment is a joint function of both the judge perceiving correct (valid) cues of pain and targets displaying valid indicators of pain. The present research examined whether the judgeability of pain expressions could be altered by manipulating the nonverbal supportiveness of a videotaped physician who guided targets through an experimentally induced pain experience in the laboratory. Ten-s video clips of these targets during their pain experience were viewed by 95 naive judges who assessed each target’s pain on an 11-point numeric rating scale. In addition, the video clips were rated by independent coders on 9-point scales (focused, calm, tense, distressed, composed, fidgety, determined, bored, and nervous). Judges’ pain assessment accuracy was calculated by correlating their inferred pain rating for each target with targets’ self-reported pain. Pain targets assigned to interact with the nonverbally supportive physician displayed more valid impressions of their pain and judges had higher pain assessment accuracy when viewing these targets compared to targets assigned to interact with the nonverbally unsupportive physician. Interventions for caregivers and healthcare providers that emphasize the importance of nonverbal behavior when interacting with pain sufferers are discussed.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY IN IDENTIFYING OCCULT CORONARY ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA AND NO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

While >20% of patients presenting to the cath lab with angina have no obstructive CAD, a majority (77%) have occult coronary abnormalities (endothelial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction (MVD), and myocardial bridging (MB)), which may explain their symptoms. The ability of stress echocardiogram
Application of Real-time PCR in Nucleic Acid Test of Influenza Virus

[Objective]Through analysis on pathogen monitoring data of influenza virus in Huairou District of Beijing during June to November in 2009,to analyze the epidemic trend of Influenza A H1N1,and provide scientific evidence for control of it.[Methods]The analysis was based on "Implementation of National Influenza Surveillance Program","Laboratory Testing Technology solutions for Influenza A H1N1 Influenza Virus","Influenza A H1N1 Surveillance Program(2nd Edition)" and the SDS software of 7500 Fast real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.[Results]Totally 1780 swab samples of influenza-like illness were collected,507 were detected influenza virus nucleic acid positive,the positive rate was 28.48%.Of 507 isolates,92(18.15%)were seasonal influenza A(H3N2)viruses,8(1.58%)were seasonal influenza A(H1N1)viruses,4(0.79%)were influenza B viruses,395(77.91%)were influenza A(H1N1)viruses.[Conclusion]The epidemic trend of influenza A H1N1 viruses was on the rise from June to September in 2009,seasonal influenza A(H3N2)strain was the main virus.From October to November,epidemic trend of influenza A H1N1 upward reached its peak,influenza A H1N1 strain was the main virus.
Results of the Renewed Extra Vesical Reimplant for Surgical Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux

Abstract In 1987 Firlit et al. described their results using Hodgson’s technique of the modified extravesical Gregoir-Lich procedure. They coined the term detrusorrhaphy or extravesical ureteral advancement to describe this technique. During the last 4 years we performed this reimplantation on 211 ureters in 132 patients. Of the patients 79 had unilateral and 53 had bilateral procedures. Included were 6 megaureters requiring ureteral tailoring and 9 uncomplicated duplications. All but 1 patient were cured of reflux. No postoperative obstruction was encountered. Our results indicate that this is an excellent procedure to repair vesicoureteral reflux with minimal morbidity and short hospital stay.
P3h3-null and Sc65-null Mice Phenocopy the Collagen Lysine Under-hydroxylation and Cross-linking Abnormality of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VIA.

Tandem mass spectrometry was applied to tissues from targeted mutant mouse models to explore the collagen substrate specificities of individual members of the prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H) gene family. Previous studies revealed that P3h1 preferentially 3-hydroxylates proline at a single site in collagen type I chains, whereas P3h2 is responsible for 3-hydroxylating multiple proline sites in collagen types I, II, IV, and V. In screening for collagen substrate sites for the remaining members of the vertebrate P3H family, P3h3 and Sc65 knock-out mice revealed a common lysine under-hydroxylation effect at helical domain cross-linking sites in skin, bone, tendon, aorta, and cornea. No effect on prolyl 3-hydroxylation was evident on screening the spectrum of known 3-hydroxyproline sites from all major tissue collagen types. However, collagen type I extracted from both Sc65−/− and P3h3−/− skin revealed the same abnormal chain pattern on SDS-PAGE with an overabundance of a γ112 cross-linked trimer. The latter proved to be from native molecules that had intramolecular aldol cross-links at each end. The lysine under-hydroxylation was shown to alter the divalent aldimine cross-link chemistry of mutant skin collagen. Furthermore, the ratio of mature HP/LP cross-links in bone of both P3h3−/− and Sc65−/− mice was reversed compared with wild type, consistent with the level of lysine under-hydroxylation seen in individual chains at cross-linking sites. The effect on cross-linking lysines was quantitatively very similar to that previously observed in EDS VIA human and Plod1−/− mouse tissues, suggesting that P3H3 and/or SC65 mutations may cause as yet undefined EDS variants.
Assessment of Self-Service Banking in Bangladesh: Are Private Commercial Banks One Step Further Building Customer Centric Model or Becoming Money Making Machines in Market Competition?

Customer-relationships have taken center stage in financial services industry worldwide meeting customers’ 21st Century banking-needs where Bangladesh is no exception. Self service banking is an important vehicle for awhile, which now deserves to be evaluated. This study assesses the performance of self-service banking based on opinions of a mixed of 300 PCBs-customers & PCBs-staff with diverse academic background located in Dhaka City. Applying descriptive statistics on selected fifteen factors of the assessment, this study finds overall Weighted Average Score (WAS) to be 3.13, which is below 4.0 in Five Point Likert Scale. Therefore, Self-service banking assessment is not at a satisfactory level in Bangladesh. The overall WAS would have been higher if more favorable responses were given against factors D5, D11, D4, D10, D8, D6, D15 and D7. Since factor D5=1.67 placed the lowest and D7=2.54 placed comparatively higher position but falls within underperformed category of factors, few of them are in critical condition. Among eight critical factors, D11, D10, D6, D7 and D15 can be corrected by having absolute willingness of PCBs with its minimum cost. As a precondition, in this case, PCBs focuses should be shifted from “staying in the game – using self-services as money making machines” to revenue generation – monetization in market competition. Rest of the critical factors may not be corrected without government interventions where the remedies do not solely depend on PCBs itself. It requires dual roles: a) strict government policies in both areas of technology progression & security issues and b) aggressive continuation of PCBs efforts on establishing an operational customer centric model nationwide.
Chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells using mechanotransductive 3-D PDMS scaffolds

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an ideal source for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. ESCs must be differentiated prior to their use for therapeutic applications. However, homogeneous differentiation of ESCs in vitro has proven to be challenging. We hypothesized that both biological and mechanical cues contribute to the specific differentiation of ESCs in vivo . This was tested by mimicking the in vivo microenvironment to differentiate ESCs into chondrogenic lineage using highly elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffolds and the application of mechanical compression in vitro . ESCs seeded in PDMS scaffolds subjected to static compressive stress resulted in significant upregulation of genes, Sox9, Col2, and Acan , involved in early chondrogenic differentiation . However, the compressive stress did not affect expression of the late hypertrophic markers, Runx2 , Col10, and Mmp13 , signifying induction of ESCs into early chondroprogenitors. Application of mechanical stress increased expression of mechanical signaling genes, Rhoa , Yap, and Taz . The chondroinductive role of Rhoa was confirmed by the inhibition of RhoA signaling by CCG-1423, which resulted in decreased transcriptional and translational expression of chondrogenic markers. Based on these findings, we proposed a strategy for compression induced chondrogenic differentiation in mechanotransductive 3-D PDMS scaffolds.
Vancomycin-Associated Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis: A Clinical-Pathophysiological Analysis.

Purpose To derive novel insights into the pathophysiology of vancomycin-related hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculopathy (HORV) through a careful clinicopathologic correlation. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathologic course of 2 consecutive patients who developed HORV. The clinical history, multimodal imaging, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and intraoperative and histologic findings are reported. Results Both patients presented with decreased vision and eye pain within 1 week following otherwise uncomplicated cataract extraction and were diagnosed with HORV after endophthalmitis was ruled out. Both patients presented with significant ocular discomfort that progressively worsened, and both experienced a dismal visual outcome despite early aggressive medical and surgical therapy. One patient requested enucleation for a blind and painful eye. Upon histologic examination of this eye, the iris and ciliary body appeared to be infarcted with separation of the iris and ciliary epithelia from their adjacent stromal components. These findings were corroborated by UBM of the second patient. Histologic examination of the posterior segment demonstrated severe hemorrhagic necrosis of the neurosensory retina and an occlusive nonarteritic vasculopathy of the retina and choroid. The choroid was thickened by prominent nongranulomatous chronic inflammation accompanied by a glomeruloid proliferation of small vessels. The inflammatory infiltrate was almost exclusively confined to the choroid and consisted of predominantly T cells. There was conspicuous absence of inflammatory cells in the retina and no histologic evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Conclusions HORV is a rare condition that can lead to profound vision loss. Significant ocular pain can be a presenting sign of HORV in cases with severe iris and ciliary body ischemia. Although it has been suggested that HORV is a form of leukocytoclastic retinal vasculitis, the histologic findings herein indicate that the pathophysiology is more complex. It is grounded in a necrotizing retinal vasculopathy in the absence of retinal vasculitis, chronic nongranulomatous choroiditis, and an unusual glomeruloid proliferation of endothelial cells in the choroid and elsewhere in the eye.
A novel mobile application controlled adaptive brace for treatment of ankle joint instability

Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal ailments treated. In the general population, almost 2.15 per 1000 persons will experience some form of ankle joint sprain or injury annually. Although the patients go on to heal without long term consequences in many cases, some may develop chronic ankle instability which is a debilitating condition incorporating recurrent sprains, persistent pain and repeated instances of giving way. Wearable ankle braces or assistive devices are designed to support the injured joint and help the user get back to the normal life style while the joint is healing and recovering its normal function. Although such devices have been shown to be useful, they will bring a lot of other limitations to user's lifestyle by preventing them to pursue occupational or normal day activities due to joint impairment. Lengthy recovery time due to lack of joint's natural activity is an example of such limitations. In this paper, we not only discuss the current status of our new dynamic wearable smart brace, but we also present the features implemented in the mobile application, including 3D modeling for brace-human interaction and machine learning algorithms for stability control. The design of the wearable smart brace uses Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) to interact with the mobile application and the MEMS is a printed circuit board (PCB) with sensors.
Towards flexible and tailored botulinum neurotoxin dosing regimens for focal dystonia and spasticity - Insights from recent studies.

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is an effective, well-tolerated, and well-established option for the treatment of dystonic and spastic movement disorders. However, a single approach does not suit all patients, even within one disease indication. The degree of flexibility in treatment protocols is determined by individual product licenses, which often lag behind real-world clinical experience. A number of patient/practitioner surveys conducted recently have highlighted a desire for greater flexibility than that currently approved, both in BoNT doses and in the intervals between consecutive doses. New evidence arising from research conducted during the last few years has opened new avenues for tailoring BoNT treatment to patients' needs. Data suggest that escalating incobotulinumtoxinA doses enables treatment of a greater number of spasticity patterns than current dose limitations allow, without compromising safety or tolerability. Similarly, in patients with cervical dystonia (CD), repeated injections of incobotulinumtoxinA at intervals as early as 6 weeks after a previous treatment, based on individual patient need, were effective and well tolerated. Here, the BoNT doses and dosing intervals currently indicated in the USA and European Union are reviewed, together with the use of BoNT for the treatment of spasticity, CD, and blepharospasm. Opportunities for tailored BoNT therapy are also discussed.
International order, the rule of law, and US departures from refugee protection

Compliance with international human rights norms and respect for the rule of law are mutually sustaining pillars of a liberal international order. State behaviours undermining customary and jus cog...
A Standardized Approach for Category II Fetal Heart Rate with Significant Decelerations: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes.

Objective To determine if a standardized intervention process for Category II fetal heart rates (FHRs) with significant decels (SigDecels) would improve neonatal outcome and to determine the impact on mode of delivery rates. Study Design Patients with Category II FHRs from six hospitals were prospectively managed using a standardized approach based on the presence of recurrent SigDecels. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between pre- (6 months) and post-(11 months) implementation. Neonatal outcomes were: 5-minute APGAR scores of Results Post implementation there were 8,515 eligible deliveries, 3,799 (44.6%) were screened, and 361 (9.5%) met criteria for recurrent SigDecels. Compliance with the algorithm was 97.8%. The algorithm recommended delivery in 68.0% of cases. Relative to pre-implementation, 5-minute APGAR score of Conclusion Standardized management of recurrent SigDecels reduced the rate of 5-minute APGAR scores of
Effects of Ultrafine Particles in the Lung and Potential Relevance to Environmental Particles

A number of epidemiological studies has been published over the past 5 years which reported an association between low ambient particle concentration (< 100 μg/m3) and acute morbidity and even mortality in the elderly. Since larger particles above ~ 0.3 μm cannot explain such dramatic effects we hypothesize that ultrafine particles (< 50 nm) present in the urban atmosphere at high number concentrations may be causally involved. We have evaluated this hypothesis by using model ultrafine particles of Teflon® fume with diameters of 10–26 nm. These particles when inhaled by rats proved to be extremely toxic, leading to severe hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and even death at short-exposure durations (10–30 minutes) and particle number concentration of l–5×l05 particles/cm3. The respective calculated mass concentrations are in the range of 30–60 μg/m3. We conclude that certain ultrafine particles when inhaled as singlet particles can be highly toxic and that there is a need to study more closely environmentally occurring ultrafine particles.
INTERTIDAL SEDIMENT HYDROCARBON LEVELS AT TWO SITES ON THE STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA

Abstract Hydrocarbon baseline data are needed to assess the potential impact of oil pollution from tanker traffic in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Initial studies were directed to intertidal sediments from two physically similar areas along the shipping lanes: Port Angeles, WA and Dungeness Bay, WA. Latest analytical techniques such as solvent/slurry extraction, silica gel chromatography, and glass capillary GC were adapted for analyzing large numbers of intertidal sediments efficiently and expeditiously. The method used applies to alkanes in the C14-C32 range, or to arenes ranging from substituted benzenes through benzpyrenes. Recoveries of hydrocarbons averaged better than 90%. Individual hydrocarbons were determined within 20% standard error at the ng/g level. Lowest hydrocarbon levels were found at Dungeness Bay, a relatively pristine area. The GC profile of the alkanes suggests that the Dungeness hydrocarbons have a biogenic origin. Hydrocarbon levels were substantially greater at Port Angeles harbor, especially adjacent to Peabody Creek. The even distribution of C14-C22n-alkanes from creekside sediment is consistent with known fuel oil seepage upstream. Above C22, the n-alkane pattern appears more biogenic, although the levels remain high. Greatest individual divergences between the two areas were found among the arenes: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. This suggests that arenes be monitored as indicators of oil pollution; over ten arenes are proposed for baseline analyses and monitoring.
Robot Behavior for Enhanced Human Performance and Workload

Advancements in technology in the field of robotics have made it necessary to determine integration and use for these in civilian tasks and military missions. Currently, literature is limited on robot employment in tasks and missions, and few taxonomies exist that guide understanding of robot functionality.As robots acquire more capabilities and functions, they will likely be working more closely with humans in human-robot teams. In order to better utilize and design robots that enhance performance in such teams, a better understanding of what robots can do and the impact of these behaviors on the human operator/teammate is needed.
The effect of losing federal coverage through the Affordable Care Act on ear tube placements at an urban children's hospital.

Abstract Purpose 15–31% of the population in a large Mid-western city is between 100 and 400% of the Federal Poverty Level, thus qualifying for health care coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Coverage for their children would potentially be available under Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) or Medicaid programs. Loss of funding for these programs could be devastating for this community. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1162 charts of pediatric patients with tympanostomy tube (TT) placement pre-ACA from November 2012 to December 2013 and 1606 charts post-ACA from January 2014 to July 2015. We filtered demographics by health insurance (Medicaid/CHIP/Other), residential zip codes, identified race/ethnicity within those zip codes as well as gender and age of patients getting TT during these periods. Results Bivariate analysis of these demographics between the two periods showed statistical significance (p = 0.0098) between White Hispanic/Latino children receiving ear tubes (pre-ACA = 3.8%, post-ACA = 6.4%). However, there was no statistical significance for insurance enrollment (Medicaid or non-Medicaid) and other races (White-not Hispanic/Latino (nHL), African American, Other/Unknown/Refused) with respect to TT placement. Using pre-ACA period and White nHL females as arbitrary reference, a multivariate logistic regression showed that patients requiring TT surgery were equally likely to be covered on Medicaid either before or after ACA. Conclusion We demonstrated that the pre and post ACA Medicaid coverage for TT surgery did not change. Underserved children did not obtain other forms of insurance during this time. This demonstrates a potentially catastrophic loss of coverage for children should Medicaid/CHIP benefits be lost to sole coverage under the ACA.
Severe hyperhomocysteinemia manifesting as moyamoya vasculopathy and Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting homocysteine metabolism resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia and homocysteinuria. A well-known complication of CBS deficiency is premature atherosclerosis and thromboembolic events.1 Specifically, it is associated with an increased risk of early ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.
Internal Waves in Straits Experiment

Abstract : To obtain time series and spatial structure of internal tidal propagation and evolution westward from the ridges in Luzon Strait during the Internal Waves in Straits Experiment (IWISE).
Milk and fatty acid composition of Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from different provinces

The present study was undertaken (1) to characterize the FA composition particularly on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (2) to investigate of physicochemical properties of Anatolian water buffalo milk, and from six different provinces in Turkey. The fat amount in water buffalo milk samples were in the range of 5.97±0.30% to 9.19±0.57% and the mean fat was 6.96±0.25%. The main individual FA in water buffalo milk were in the order 16:0, 18:1 cis-9, 14:0, and 18:0. The CLA, bovinic acid (cis-9, trans-11), represented 1.09±0.06 in water buffalo milk. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the potent fraction in water buffalo milk fat (70.63±0.7); MUFA and PUFA were 29.37±0.7 and 0.2±0.03, respectively. The data exhibit statistically differences (P≤0.05) in the proportions of individual FA were detected among different provinces in Turkey. Anatolian water buffalos were poor in terms polyunsaturated FA compared to other water buffalos from different countries. Therefore, these results may provide useful information about the nutrient composition of buffalo milk and further studies are warranted to improve the technological and nutritional characteristics of Anatolian buffalo milk.
Molecular Cloning of Eskimo1 Gene of Arabidopsis Reveals Novel Mechanism of Freezing Tolerance

Many temperate plant species, includingArabidopsisacquire a greater ability to withstand freezing in response to a period of low nonfreezing temperatures. This process is known as cold acclimation. Cold acclimation is very complex and involves numerous physiological and biochemical changes (Xin and Browse, 2000). The most notable changes include reduction or cessation of growth, reduction of tissue water content, a transient increase in abscisic acid (ABA) (Chen et al., 1983; Lang et al., 1994), changes in membrane lipid composition (Webb et al., 1994; Uemura et al., 1995), and accumulation of compatible osmolytes such as proline, betaine, and soluble sugars (Koster and Lynch, 1992; Ristic and Ashworth, 1993). In short, almost every cellular process is altered during cold acclimation. However, it has been a great challenge to separate the processes that are critical to enhanced freezing tolerance from those merely responsive to low temperatures.
Infection due to Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) presenting as ischemic colitis.

Abstract Infections due to Shiga toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are often mild and self-limiting, but more severe cases can develop into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis. This case report documents a sporadic case of ischemic colitis likely triggered by EHEC but without manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome. From our literature review, we identified only one other case of an EHEC infection presenting as ischemic colitis in the absence of HUS. To our knowledge, this is the first case presentation of EHEC-induced ischemic colitis which did not lead to significant morbidity.
Gilteritinib for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia

Introduction: The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is the most commonly mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FLT3-internal tandem duplication mutations are associated with an increased risk of relapse, and a number of small molecule inhibitors of FLT3 have been developed. The highly potent and selective FLT3 kinase inhibitor gilteritinib is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved as monotherapy for the treatment of relapsed and/or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. Areas covered: We review the biology and prognostic significance of FLT3 mutations in AML and discuss the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and toxicity profile of gilteritinib. We also summarize important differences among the various FLT3 inhibitors that are currently approved or under development and highlight areas of ongoing research. Expert opinion: Gilteritinib has been shown to improve survival compared to salvage chemotherapy in relapsed and/or refractory FLT3-mutated AML. Gilteritinib is orally available with a favorable toxicity profile and as such is quickly becoming the standard of care for this patient population. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating gilteritinib in combination with frontline chemotherapy, in combination with other agents such as venetoclax and azacitidine for patients who are ineligible for standard induction therapy, and as a maintenance agent.
Ethical Conundra in CIED Therapy: Ethical Implantation, Ethical End-of-Life Care

While defibrillators save lives in multiple populations, for those nearing the end of life, sudden death may not be an undesirable outcome. Ethical implantation of an ICD implies implanting only in those who otherwise have an expected longevity in the absence of lethal arrhythmia, of at least 2 years, with an acceptable quality of life. Shared decision-making around ICD implantation is critical for all patients. Two populations in whom particular care must be taken to ensure the benefits outweigh the risks, and are desired by the patient, are the elderly, and the demented. While age alone does not decrease ICD benefit, the presence of multiple comorbidities does. For those with dementia, particularly in the earlier stages, understanding the patient’s wishes for the long-term is crucial. For those with an ICD already implanted who are now nearing the end of their life, ICD shocks can bring pain without meaningful prolongation of life, and thus discussion of the option of deactivation of the shocking function is an ethical imperative. The ethical principal of autonomy demands that patients understand the options and the implications of those options. Legally, patients or their surrogates have a right to withdraw care that is no longer desired, even if it is life-sustaining.
Population rate-coding predicts correctly that human sound localization depends on sound intensity.

Being able to localize sounds helps us make sense of the world around us. The brain works out sound direction by comparing the times of when sound reaches the left versus the right ear. This cue is known as interaural time difference, or ITD for short. But how exactly the brain decodes this information is still unknown. The brain contains nerve cells that each show maximum activity in response to one particular ITD. One idea is that these nerve cells are arranged in the brain like a map from left to right, and that the brain then uses this map to estimate sound direction. This is known as the Jeffress model, after the scientist who first proposed it. There is some evidence that birds and alligators actually use a system like this to localize sounds, but no such map of nerve cells has yet been identified in mammals. An alternative possibility is that the brain compares activity across groups of ITD-sensitive nerve cells. One of the oldest and simplest ways to measure this is to compare nerve activity in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. This readout is known as the hemispheric difference model. By analyzing data from published studies, Ihlefeld, Alamatsaz, and Shapley discovered that these two models make opposing predictions about the effects of volume. The Jeffress model predicts that the volume of a sound will not affect a person’s ability to localize it. By contrast, the hemispheric difference model predicts that very soft sounds will lead to systematic errors, so that for the same ITD, softer sounds are perceived closer towards the front than louder sounds. To investigate this further, Ihlefeld, Alamatsaz, and Shapley asked healthy volunteers to localize sounds of different volumes. The volunteers tended to mis-localize quieter sounds, believing them to be closer to the body’s midline than they actually were, which is inconsistent with the predictions of the Jeffress model. These new findings also reveal key parallels to processing in the visual system. Visual areas of the brain estimate how far away an object is by comparing the input that reaches the two eyes. But these estimates are also systematically less accurate for low-contrast stimuli than for high-contrast ones, just as sound localization is less accurate for softer sounds than for louder ones. The idea that the brain uses the same basic strategy to localize both sights and sounds generates a number of predictions for future studies to test.
Apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy “multimodality imaging evaluation”

Apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is characterized by asymmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricular (LV) apex. T wave inversions of variable degree, particularly in the left precordial leads, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are common EKG findings in AHCM. Echocardiography is typically the initial imaging modality used in the diagnosis and evaluation of AHCM. The diagnosis is made when the LV apex has apical wall thickness of ≥ 15 mm or a ratio of apical to basal LV wall thickness of ≥ 1.3 at end-diastole. The use of microbubble contrast agents with echocardiography is helpful for visualization of the apex. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has the advantage of a large field of view and the ability to perform tissue characterization. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences are essential in the assessment of potential areas of myocardial scarring. Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) has the advantage of being able to evaluate coronary arteries in addition to assessing cardiac anatomy and function. A “Solar Polar” map pattern is the characteristic feature of AHCM on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in cases not associated with apical aneurysm (APA). Recognition of typical perfusion patterns in AHCM patients is not only important in the diagnostic evaluation of this disease process, but also for avoiding unnecessary and costly tests. The purpose of this article is to review the imaging features of AHCM from different imaging modalities and assess the value added of each modality in the diagnosis of AHCM.
Narratives as discursive practices in interviews: A linguistic anthropological approach

Abstract Humans are prone to tell stories when they interact with each other. Knowing how many stories we tell in a day could be a difficult endeavor, especially because what counts as “a story” varies across disciplines and cultures. Narratives have always been primary modes in human communication and engagement across cultures, however, and have been used as key analytical tools across numerous disciplines in the social sciences and beyond. While defining narratives has been a daunting task in narratological studies, it is important to appreciate that narratives have also been studied for their pragmatic effects in the here-and-now of speech participants’ interactions and across various spatiotemporal configurations. Through an analysis of a set of narrative practices that I collected in Senegal (West Africa) and in Northern Italy in interview settings, I demonstrate that narratives are also performative interactional events in which their sociocultural surrounding is always fluid and can influence the story in unpredictable ways as it unfolds in interaction.
Study on Requirement of Control and Stability with Renewable Energy Generation Grid Integration

Renewable energy generation has different static and transient characteristics than traditional synchronous power plants. The connection of renewable energy to the grid will have varying degrees of impact on the voltage stability of the local power grid. In a power grid with large renewable energy penetration, in addition to the voltage stability problem, renewable energy integration changes the original power flow distribution, line transmission power and inertia of the entire system, the power system transient stability has undergone tremendous changes. Renewable energy power generation technology and grid-connected scale are developing rapidly. The technical requirements for renewable energy and the research on grid-connected technology need to be continuously deepened and improved. However, some large-scale renewable energy off-grid accidents in recent years have brought serious threats to the security and stability of power systems, and have also raised higher research requirements for the stability of large-scale renewable energy grid-connected. This paper provides an introduction about the control and stability of renewable energy grid integration on both technologies and standardization aspects, and tries to explore potential the trend in active power and frequency control, reactive power and voltage control, security and stability control respectively caused by the integration of RE generation into power systems.
Structural Role of the First Four Transmembrane Helices in ZntA, a P1B-Type ATPase from Escherichia coli

ZntA from Escherichia coli confers resistance to toxic concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+. It is a member of the P1B-ATPase transporter superfamily, which includes the human Cu+-transporting proteins ATP7A and ATP7B. P1B-type ATPases typically have a hydrophilic N-terminal metal-binding domain and eight transmembrane helices. A splice variant of ATP7B was reported, which has 100-fold higher night-specific expression in the pineal gland; it lacks the entire N-terminal domain and the first four transmembrane helices. Here, we report our findings with Δ231-ZntA, a similar truncation we created in ZntA. Δ231-ZntA has no in vivo and greatly reduced in vitro activity. It binds one metal ion per dimer at the transmembrane site, with a 15-19000-fold higher binding affinity, indicating highly significant changes in the dimer structure of Δ231-ZntA relative to that of ZntA. Cd2+ has the highest affinity for Δ231-ZntA, in contrast to ZntA, which has the highest affinity for Pb2+. Site-specific mutagenesis of the metal-binding residues, 392Cys, 394Cys, and 714Asp, showed that there is considerable flexibility at the metal-binding site, with any two of these three residues able to bind Zn2+ and Pb2+ unlike in ZntA. However, Cd2+ binds to only 392Cys and 714Asp, with 394Cys not involved in Cd2+ binding. Three-dimensional homology models show that there is a dramatic difference between the ZntA and Δ231-ZntA dimer structures, which help to explain these observations. Therefore, the first four transmembrane helices in ZntA and P1B-type ATPases play an important role in maintaining the correct dimer structure.
Parental Mediation for Young Children’s Use of Educational Media: A Case Study with Computational Toys and Kits

Parental mediation literature is mostly situated in the contexts of television, Internet use, video games, and mobile devices, while there is less understanding of how parents mediate their children’s engagement with educational-focused media. We examine parental involvement in young children’s use of a creation-oriented educational media, i.e., coding kits, from a mediation perspective through an interview study. We frame parents’ mediation practices along three dimensions: (1) creative mediation, where parents mediate to support children’s creating and learning with media; (2) preparative mediation, where parents explore and prepare media for children’s engagement; and (3) administrative mediation, where parents administer and regulate their children’s media use. Compared to the restrictive, active, and co-using mediation theory, our proposed framework highlights various supportive practices parents take to help their children learn and create with media. We further connect our findings to Joint Media Engagement and reflect on implications for parent involvement in children’s creation-oriented media design.
Content of an Educational Handover Letter From Medical Schools to Surgery Residencies: A Mixed Method Analysis.

Purpose To identify the content of an educational handover letter from undergraduate to graduate education in General Surgery. Method Expert consensus was attained on the content of an educational handover letter. A three stage Delphi technique was employed with eight experts in each of four stakeholder groups: program directors in general surgery, medical student surgical acting internship or prep course directors, authors of medical student performance evaluations and current categorical General Surgery residents. Data were collected from April through July 2019. A mixed-method analysis was performed to quantitatively assess items selected for inclusion and qualitatively provide guidance for the implantation of such a letter. Results All 32 experts participated in at least one round. Of the 285 initially identified individual items 22 were ultimately selected for inclusion in the letter. All but one expert agreed that the list represents what the content of an educational handover letter in General Surgery should be. Qualitative analysis was performed on 395 comments and identified four themes to guide the implementation of the letter: "minimize redundancy, optimize impact, use appropriate assessments and mitigate risk." Conclusions A framework and proposed template are provided for an educational handover letter from undergraduate to graduate medical education in General Surgery based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of expert consensus of major stakeholders. This letter holds promise to enhance the transition from undergraduate to graduate medical education by allowing programs to capitalize on strengths and efficiently address knowledge gaps in new trainees.
Differences in the early impact of COVID-19 on food security and livelihoods in rural and urban areas in the Asia Pacific Region

Abstract Lockdowns due to COVID-19 in early 2020 had health, economic, and social consequences globally. Using survey data collected as part of a rapid assessment among non-governmental organization- (NGO) supported communities in six Asia Pacific countries (n = 13,522), this study examined if the early impacts of COVID-19 on job loss or reduced income, food expenditure, food availability at households and markets, and affordability of essential items, differed between rural and urban areas. Job loss or reduced income was higher in urban areas than in rural areas in India (91.2% vs. 82.5%), Myanmar (72.0% vs. 48.6%), and Vietnam (76.5% vs. 44.9%). While there was a significant decline in food expenditure in all six countries, there were significantly larger reductions in food expenditures in urban areas versus rural areas in India (35.2% vs. 24.0%), Myanmar (30.8% vs. 8.5%), and Vietnam (31.0% vs. 2.3%). Food stocks were less available in urban areas than in rural areas in Bangladesh (18.8% vs. 37.8%), India (91.5% vs.76.0%), and Myanmar (72.0% vs. 59.0%). Foods and essential items were largely available at markets, without significant differences between rural and urban areas, except in Vietnam. Full affordability was only 20%–30% for most items, with a trend of higher affordability of some items in urban areas than in rural areas. Recommendations to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 include promoting urban agriculture with efficient food distribution and cash support and supporting small-holder farmers for procurement and adequate functioning of the supply chain system in the region.