cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children. Their impact on the elderly in declining health.

This research is designed to estimate the effects of having children upon the general happiness of elderly adults, particularly as the elderly experience declining health. Analyses from the Retirem...
Resilient Architectures via Collaborative Design: Maximizing Commodity Processor Performance in the Presence of Variations

Unintended variations in circuit lithography and undesirable fluctuations in circuit operating parameters such as supply voltage and temperature are threatening the continuation of technology scaling that microprocessor evolution relies on. Although circuit-level solutions for some variation problems may be possible, they are prohibitively expensive and impractical for commodity processors, on which not only the consumer market but also an increasing segment of the business market now depends. Solutions at the microarchitecture level and even the software level, on the other hand, overcome some of these circuit-level challenges without significantly raising costs or lowering performance. Using examples drawn from our Alarms Project and related work, we illustrate how collaborative design that encompasses circuits, architecture, and chip-resident software leads to a cost-effective solution for inductive voltage noise, sometimes called the dI/dt problem. The strategy that we use for assuring correctness while preserving performance can be extended to other variation problems.
Fenoterol in Exercise-Induced Asthma: Effect of Dose on Efficacy and Duration of Action

The effectiveness of inhaled fenoterol doses of 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg in preventing exercise-induced asthma was investigated in 12 patients. Exercise-induced asthma was prevented by both doses for two hours after administration, but the effect of neither dose was significantly different from that of placebo four hours after. There was no statistically significant difference between the effects of the two fenoterol doses; and only a few patients were protected for more than two hours by the higher dose.
Owl Pellet Taphonomy: A Preliminary Study of the Post-Regurgitation Taphonomic History of Pellets in a Temperate Forest

Abstract Owls are important contributors to the Tertiary small-vertebrate fossil record. They concentrate small-vertebrate remains by producing pellets rich in skeletal material that provide a sample of the small-vertebrate fauna of an area. A common assumption is that different predators inflict unique fragmentation and skeletal element representation signatures, thus providing a method for identifying a field assemblage as pellet derived, and possibly identifying the predator. In addition to the digestive process of pellet formation, the taphonomic history of a pellet includes the post-regurgitation processes of weathering, disintegration, transport, and burial, all of which can introduce biases into an assemblage and confound paleoecological interpretation. Analysis of a modern accumulation of small-vertebrate remains from Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) pellets in a temperate forest environment on San Juan Island, Washington, reveals that fragmentation and skeletal-element representation change wi...
Chlorophyll increases off the coasts of Japan after the 2011 tsunami using NASA/MODIS data

Abstract. Large chlorophyll anomalies are observed after the 2011 Japanese tsunami using the NASA MODIS instrument onboard the TERRA and AQUA satellites. These anomalies are observed both along the eastern coast of Japan, where the tsunami wave hit with maximum force, and in the deep water surrounding the epicentral region. Although both satellites show agreeing spatio-temporal patterns, larger anomalies are detected using the AQUA satellite. A temporal analysis shows increased chlorophyll concentrations immediately after the tsunami, and higher values are observed for nearly one month before reversing to pre-tsunami levels.
Functional expression of connexin30 and connexin31 in the polarized human airway epithelium

Gap junctions are documented in the human airway epithelium but the functional expression and molecular identity of their protein constituents (connexins, Cx) in the polarized epithelium is not known. To address this question, we documented the expression of a family of epithelial Cx (Cx26, Cx30, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43) in primary human airway epithelial cells (AEC) grown on porous supports. Under submerged conditions, AEC formed a monolayer of airway cells whereas the air-liquid interface induced within 30-60 days AEC differentiation into a polarized epithelium for up to 6-9 months. Maturation of AEC was associated with the down-regulation of Cx26 and Cx43. The well-differentiated airway epithelium exhibited gap junctional communication between ciliated and between ciliated and basal cells. Interestingly, Cx30 was mostly present between ciliated cells whereas Cx31 was found between basal cells. These results are supportive of the establishment of signal-selective gap junctions with maturation of AEC, likely contributing to support airway epithelium function. These results lay the ground for studying the role of Cx-mediated cell-cell communication during repair following AEC injury and exploring Cx-targeted interventions to modulate the healing process.
Evolution of intracellular pathogens.

The evolution of intracellular pathogens is considered in the context of ambiguities in basic definitions and the diversity of host-microbe interactions. Intracellular pathogenesis is a subset of a larger world of host-microbe interactions that includes amoeboid predation and endosymbiotic existence. Intracellular pathogens often reveal genome reduction. Despite the uniqueness of each host-microbe interaction, there are only a few general solutions to the problem of intracellular survival, especially in phagocytic cells. Similarities in intracellular pathogenic strategies between phylogenetically distant microbes suggest convergent evolution. For discerning such patterns, it is useful to consider whether the microbe is acquired from another host or directly from the environment. For environmentally acquired microbes, biotic pressures, such as amoeboid predators, may select for the capacity for virulence. Although often viewed as a specialized adaptation, the capacity for intracellular survival may be wide...
Multi-period Matching ∗

We examine a multi-period, bilateral matching market. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a dynamically-stable matching are proposed. These conditions accommodate common forms of inter-temporal preference complementarities. In a multi-period market with transfers, expanded access to financial services, such as savings and credit, may lead to Pareto-inferior outcomes. We further extend our analysis to incorporate imperfect information and path-dependent learning. Re-matching after the revelation of new information is often not Pareto improving, suggesting a fundamental fragility of interim markets. We relate our analysis to market unraveling, to the exposure problem, and to the importance of commitment, or lack thereof, in dynamic markets.
In Defense of Mental Representation

One of the principal tenets of contemporary cognitive psychology is that there are mental representations. In this paper I consider two critiques of that assumption by philosophers who are otherwise disposed to be friendly towards cognitive psychology. In other words, these are not radical critiques; each critic believes that, if understood in the right way, cognitive psychology is a worthy scientific endeavor. However, each also believes that it is an endeavor that could be and ought to be conducted without the notion of mental representation. The two critiques I will consider are by Stephen Stich and Stephen Horst. Although, as we will see, the arguments given in each case are quite different, they, ultimately turn on the same basic point: that the positing of mental representations, contrary to what most cognitive psychologists believe, does no real explanatory work. Stich believes this is the case because he thinks there is no explanatory work for which mental representations are needed. Horst seems willing to grant the existence of an appropriate explanandum but argues that, as currently conceived, mental representations cannot do the job.
Big Oil, Targeted Taxes, and the Rule of Law

In this article, Hassett and Viard argue that proposals to single out the five largest oil producers for disparate tax treatment based on political hostility toward those companies threatens the rule of law.
Preparation and Characterization of Polymer-Bound Tetrairidium Cluster Catalysts for Ethylene Hydrogenation

The simplest and most easily characterized dispersed metal catalysts confined to a solid phase are mononuclear complexes coordinated to pendant ligands like phosphines. Both the metal catalysts finding the greatest technological application consist of arrays of particles of various sizes and structures dispersed on solid supports, with each particle (“crystallite”) typically containing hundreds or thousands of metal atoms. The difficulty of characterization of the surfaces of these crystallites points to the need for development of methods for preparing and studying simpler supported metal catalysts which, in contrast to the mononuclear complexes, may offer some of the important characteristics of surfaces. Accordingly, the broad objective of this research was to prepare and characterize supported catalysts incorporating a single kind of metal structure having neighboring metal centers. The catalyst preparation involved the formation of iridium carbonyl clusters coordinated to one of the simplest kinds of solid supports, a copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) functionalized with phosphine groups.
Lipoprotein-stimulated surfactant secretion in alveolar type II cells: mediation by heterotrimeric G proteins

Low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) stimulate alveolar type II cells to secrete surfactant. Increases in phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cytosolic Ca2+, and membrane-associated protein kinase C activity precede LDL- and HDL-stimulated secretion. We report three lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis that Gi mediates LDL- and HDL-stimulated surfactant secretion and signal transduction in type II cells. First, pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibited secretion stimulated by the apolipoprotein ligands for either the LDL receptor or the HDL binding protein. Second, PTX inhibited protein kinase C activity in cell membranes stimulated by LDL or HDL. Third, treatment of cell membranes with LDL or HDL inhibited PTX-catalyzed labeling of substrates corresponding in molecular mass to Gi alpha. These observations suggest that receptor-mediated activation of Gi is required for LDL- and HDL-stimulated secretion and that LDL and HDL activate Gi. These studies in type II cells are the first to support the hypothesis that Gi mediates the effects of LDL or HDL on important phenotype-specific functions of differentiated cells.
Bringing Baseball to Israel

This brief article discusses little leagues in Israel, as well as individuals interested in baseball in that nation, especially those from the Maryland and Baltimore area. Mentioned is assistance sent to the little leagues by the Baltimore Orioles baseball team, and some of the memories of those involved of baseball in the United States, but who now reside in Israel.
Etiological Relationship of Visceral and Neural Lymphomatosis

Abstract INTRODUCTION DURING the past 14 years this Laboratory has directed all of its facilities toward an attempt to solve some of the problems inherent to the avian leukosis complex. Adherence to the general concept that lymphomatosis, including visceral, neural, ocular and osteopetrotic forms, belongs to the leukosis complex has influenced a number of workers to group all of these forms together in any discussion of this disease complex. It may be productive to reanalyze previous sets of data considering the possibility that certain of the various types of lymphomatosis are distinct entities and caused by different agents. Such a revaluation may clarify some of the existing opinions on the transmission of lymphomatosis. Jungherr, Doyle and Johnson (1941), acting as a committee for this Laboratory, first proposed a tentative nomenclature for the avian leukosis complex. It was distinctly stated that this inclusive term did not imply etiologic unity for the different …
Promoting Exports, Preventing Poverty: Toward a Causal Evidence Base

Near the climax of the Scientific Revolution, two influential theories in chemistry were put forward within five years of each other. In 1662, Robert Boyle proposed that the volume and pressure of gases are inversely proportional: decreasing the volume of an amount of gas pressurizes it predictably. Next, in 1667, Johann Joaquim Becher posited that all flammable substances contain the element terra pinguis , which he claimed is released during combustion. Georg Stahl later renamed the combustible element phlogiston . Both Boyle's and Becher's theories went on to profoundly affect the science and practice of chemistry for the next century. But only one of the ideas has survived: Boyle's Law remains a foundational principle of modern chemistry. On the other hand, Becher's terra pinguis/ phlogiston was definitively disproved by Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier's closed experiments, reported in 1783, in which he demonstrated that burning requires oxygen and that solids sometimes gained mass when combusting. Yet for more than a century, chemists believed in phlogiston and used the idea to guide their work. As social scientists searching for remedies to global poverty, in some ways we find ourselves in a similar position as chemists in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. David Ricardo's Law of Comparative Advantage, one of the most pivotal ideas in social science—the single economic proposition that Nobel laureate Paul Samuelson (⇓) asserted was both nontrivial and nonobvious—suggests that specialization and exchange might provide a powerful antidote to poverty. The mathematical proof is compelling. Most social scientists, indeed most educated people, believe it. But in combating global poverty, is Ricardo's Law like Boyle's Law? Or is it like phlogiston? The only way to know is through compelling empirical support. However, the causal evidence base for trade as an antipoverty strategy is scanty, at least so far. Observational evidence, capable of suggesting …
Noise and spectral properties of semiconductor lasers operating at 1.3 µm

Recently 0.83-µm lasers have been used to power a variety of fiber-optic interferometric sensors.1 To realize the high sensitivity projected for these devices, it will be necessary to operate these sensors with long lengths of optical fiber. The use of long-wavelength lasers in these systems, owing to the small scattering loss, leads to theoretical sensitivities up to an order of magnitude greater than obtainable with 0.83-µm lasers. In this work we have measured the noise and spectral properties of a number of 1.3-µm lasers, since these properties detemine the usefulness of these lasers as sources in fiber-optic sensor systems.
Dual cannabis and alcohol use disorders in young adults: Problems magnified.

ABSTRACTBackground: Alcohol and marijuana are the 2 most commonly used substances among young adults. The present study examines whether having 2 DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) diagnoses (alcohol and cannabis) is associated with greater problems than having 1 (alcohol or cannabis) diagnosis. Methods: Participants were 307 young adults (18–25 years) from the community who met criteria for DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD), cannabis use disorder (CUD), or both (dual use disorder [DUD]). Participants reported alcohol and marijuana use in the past 90 days (Timeline Follow-Back), alcohol problems (Short Inventory of Problems), and marijuana problems (Marijuana Problems Scale). Results: Eighty-four participants (27.4%) met criteria for AUD, 107 (34.9%) met criteria for CUD, and 116 (37.8%) met criteria for DUD. In multivariate analyses, the DUD group reported greater alcohol use frequency and more alcohol problems than the CUD-only group but not the AUD-only group. How...
Why do worms go against the flow? C. elegans behaviors explained by simple physics

Nearly half a century of neurobiological research using the nematode Caenorahbitis elegans has produced a remarkably detailed understanding of how genotype controls behavioral phenotype. However, the role of simple physical forces in regulating behavior has been understudied. Here, we review our recent observations of 3 behaviors of C. elegans suspended in solution that can be fully explained by the laws of mechanics. These behaviors are bordertaxis, the attraction toward solid surfaces; positive rheotaxis, the propensity to swim against the flow; and synchrophilia, the tendency of animals when close to each other to synchronize their gaits. Although these 3 behaviors are not directly regulated by the animal's nervous system, bordertaxis and rheotaxis require the animal to have an undulating gait. We conjecture that these behaviors are advantageous to the animals, and thus evolution may have favored microorganism that swim with an undulating gait.
Unilateral Adenocarcinoma and High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Prostatectomies: Possible Implication for Patient Care

The treatment paradigm of low-risk prostate cancer is shifting from a radical, whole-gland approach toward surveillance or organ focal therapy. However, any focal therapy approach requires accurate estimation of tumor distribution. The objective of this study is to characterize the anatomic distribution and pathologic features of unilateral tumors in prostatectomy specimens. We retrospectively rereviewed the histology in 46 of 247 consecutive patients with unilateral organ-confined (pT2a or pT2b) disease who underwent radical prostatectomy from January 2005 to …
319 CAN YOU HEAR THE S4? MEDICAL STUDENT DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS IN CARDIAC AUSCULTATION.

Purpose Although numerous studies have documented the declining ability of medical students to identify heart murmurs, no studies have examined why students make errors. We designed a study to compare medical students9 documented cardiac exam findings with the diagnoses they assigned. Methods At the end of the third year of medical school, all medical students at our institution take a multistation clinical performance exam (CPX). Each station consists of a 15-minute standardized patient interaction followed by a 5-minute written exercise. During the 2005 CPX, one station consisted of taking a history from a patient with chest pain and performing a focused cardiac exam on a Harvey cardiac simulator. On the written exercise, students were asked to document their cardiac exam findings and provide a diagnosis. All students were randomized to one of two settings on the Harvey simulator: hypertension (HTN), which consisted of an S4 at the apex, and aortic stenosis (AS), which consisted of a crescendo-decrescendo murmur at the aortic area and an S4 at the apex. Results A total of 92 students completed the 2005 CPX-47 examined the Harvey on the HTN setting and 45 on the AS setting. Of those students listening to the HTN setting, only two students (4%) correctly identified the S4 gallop. Eleven students (23%) misidentified the S4 gallop as an S3 and four (9%) as a split S2. Of those listening to the aortic stenosis setting, 17 (38%) correctly identified the murmur. For both settings, 78 students (35 for AS and 43 for HTN) provided a complete description (location and character) of their cardiac findings and a diagnosis. Of those with complete descriptions, only 45% of students provided a diagnosis, which was consistent with their documented exam findings (both location and character of the heart sounds). For example, several students made a correct diagnosis of aortic stenosis yet described a holosystolic murmur at the apex, whereas other students correctly described a crescendo-decrescendo murmur at the aortic area but made a diagnosis of mitral regurgitation. Conclusions Similar to prior studies, overall cardiac diagnostic accuracy of third-year medical students is low. Although auscultation skills can explain some of the errors, many students assign diagnoses that are inconsistent with their reported physical exam findings. Further education appears necessary to improve the clinical decision-making when interpreting a cardiac examination and arriving at a diagnosis.
Red cell comets: Ultrastructure of axial elongation of the membrane skeleton

In order to study intact red cell membrane skeletons, we developed two methods for the electron microscopic study of stress-ruptured and partially opened glutaraldehyde pre-fixed Triton shells of red cell ghosts. Both methods showed continuous networks of fine filaments decorated and apparently crosslinked by elongated particles. Our electron micrographs show a filamentous component that is morphologically consistent with F-actin. Quantitative considerations, including the dimensions of the elongated particles and published estimates of the number of particles in situ, suggest that compact spectrin decamers or dodecamers may exist in intact red cells. Long filaments consistent with F-actin appear to be decorated with the putative spectrin particles.
Modern concepts of therapy and management of spinal cord injuries.

Trauma is the most common cause of spinal cord-related disability. There are approximately 52 new spinal cord injuries per million population per year in the U.S., and about 200,000 persons with post-traumatic paraplegia or quadriplegia require continuing medical care in this country at the present time. Management of the spinal cord-injured patient commences at the moment of injury and continues throughout the entire lifetime of the patient. While there is considerable consensus regarding the management of some problems related to traumatic myelopathy, other treatment concerns, mainly related to spinal fractures, are highly controversial, with a plethora of strongly held opinions, frequently supported by meager factual evidence or none at all. It is not generally recognized that whatever treatment the patient receives during the first days or weeks following injury is of considerably less importance, from a lifelong perspective, than that which occurs over subsequent months. Skillful physical rehabilitation to maximize the functional usefulness of remaining neurological function permits the return of most spinal cord-injured patients to their family and community able to function as an independent person. Paraplegic and quadriplegic patients acquire health risks unique to their condition, mainly related to pressure sore liability and altered bladder function, which requires continual, meticulous attention from the patient and his physician. The sudden transition from being an unimpaired to a permanently paralyzed person is a cataclysmic emotional experience. Unless psychic rehabilitation is undertaken in tandem with physical rehabilitation, a spinal cord-injured patient is likely to become an unhappy social recluse or denizen of a chronic care facility, rather than an independent productive member of his community. Centers dedicated to comprehensive spinal cord care have become generally available and provide optimal care for traumatic myelopathy.
Ground-level observation of a terrestrial gamma ray flash initiated by a triggered lightning

We report on a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) that occurred on 15 August 2014 coincident with an altitude-triggered lightning at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) in North Central Florida. The TGF was observed by a ground-level network of gamma ray, close electric field, distant magnetic field, Lightning Mapping Array (LMA), optical, and radar measurements. Simultaneous gamma ray and LMA data indicate that the upward positive leader of the triggered lightning flash induced relativistic runaway electron avalanches when the leader tip was at about 3.5 km altitude, resulting in the observed TGF. Channel luminosity and electric field data show that there was an initial continuous current (ICC) pulse in the lightning channel to ground during the time of the TGF. Modeling of the observed ICC pulse electric fields measured at close range (100–200 m) indicates that the ICC pulse current had both a slow and fast component (full widths at half maximum of 235 μs and 59 μs) and that the fast component was more or less coincident with the TGF, suggesting a physical association between the relativistic runaway electron avalanches and the ICC pulse observed at ground. Our ICC pulse model reproduces moderately well the measured close electric fields at the ICLRT as well as three independent magnetic field measurements made about 250 km away. Radar and LMA data suggest that there was negative charge near the region in which the TGF was initiated.
Expression and Signal Transduction Pathways of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors

Publisher Summary Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)—the primary regulator of mammalian reproductive function—is produced in hypothalamic neurons and secreted episodically into the hypothalamic portal system of the median eminence. The distinctive distributions of GnRH-producing cells in the brain reflect their specific functions because GnRH acts as a neurohormone, neurotransmitter, or neuromodulator. In mammals, the majority of the GnRH neurons are located in the hypothalamus and are functionally coupled to form a pulse generator that determines the frequency of pulsatile GnRH release. This chapter discusses the major physiological action of GnRH, which is related to the control of gonadotropin secretion and is expressed through activation of GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) in the plasma membrane of pituitary gonadotrophs. Activation of GnRH receptors during agonist stimulation initiates a series of steps that lead to a cascade of intracellular responses. The first step is G protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C, leading to hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and the formation of InsP3 and DAG. These initial changes determine the second step in signalling. The signal molecules of the phospholipase C-dependent pathway also exert positive and negative controls on the signal transduction mechanism, including the activities of phospholipase D and A2 . These feedback mechanisms provide an additional degree of complexity in signaling that is important in the amplification, maintenance, and termination of specific aspects of the cellular activation pathways.
Towards Feasible Guidelines for the Annotation of Argument Schemes

The annotation of argument schemes represents an important step for argumentation mining. General guidelines for the annotation of argument schemes, applicable to any topic, are still missing due to the lack of a suitable taxonomy in Argumentation Theory and the need for highly trained expert annotators. We present a set of guidelines for the annotation of argument schemes, taking as a framework the Argumentum Model of Topics (Rigotti and Morasso, 2010; Rigotti, 2009). We show that this approach can contribute to solving the theoretical problems, since it offers a hierarchical and finite taxonomy of argument schemes as well as systematic, linguistically-informed criteria to distinguish various types of argument schemes. We describe a pilot annotation study of 30 persuasive essays using multiple minimally trained non-expert annotators .Our findings from the confusion matrixes pinpoint problematic parts of the guidelines and the underlying annotation of claims and premises. We conduct a second annotation with refined guidelines and trained annotators on the 10 essays which received the lowest agreement initially. A significant improvement of the inter-annotator agreement shows that the annotation of argument schemes requires highly trained annotators and an accurate annotation of argumentative components (premises and claims).
A 114-pW PMOS-only, trim-free voltage reference with 0.26% within-wafer inaccuracy for nW systems

A sub-nW voltage reference is presented that uses only PMOS transistors, thereby providing inherently low process variation and enabling trim-free operation for LDOs and other applications in nW microsystems. Sixty chips from 3 different wafers in 180nm CMOS are measured, showing an untrimmed within-wafer σ/μ of 0.26% and wafer-to-wafer σ/μ of 1.9%. Measurement results also show a temperature coefficient of 48–124ppm/°C from −40°C to 85°C. Outputting a 0.986V reference voltage, the reference operates down to 1.2V and consumes 114pW at 25°C.
Culturally Responsive Teaching: Implications for Educational Justice.

Educational justice is a major global challenge. In most underdeveloped countries, many students do not have access to education and in most advanced democracies, school attainment and success are still, to a large extent, dependent on a student’s social background. However, it has often been argued that social justice is an essential part of teachers’ work in a democracy. This article raises an important overriding question: how can we realize the goal of educational justice in the field of teaching? In this essay, I examine culturally responsive teaching as an educational practice and conclude that it is possible to realize educational justice in the field of teaching because in its true implementation, culturally responsive teaching conceptualizes the connection between education and social justice and creates the space needed for discussing social change in society.
Anticoagulation in Ambulatory Cancer Patients

Abstract Abstract 2071 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk is increased in patients with malignancy, occurring in up to 20%, and is a major cause of cancer mortality. VTE prophylaxis is currently recommended for inpatients with malignancy and in those undergoing surgery (Chest 2008). Despite evidence that low molecular weight heparin (LWMH) has anti-tumor effect and improves short-term survival (Cochrane, 2011), the cost-effectiveness of anticoagulation in ambulatory cancer patients is unknown. Methods: We constructed a Markov model to evaluate prophylactic AC in ambulatory cancer patients with no previous VTE, during 4 months of chemotherapy following diagnosis. In the model, AC was enoxaparin. Major and minor bleeding risk, VTE risk, mortality, and other clinical parameters were obtained from the Cochrane 2011 analysis and other published studies. Drug costs were based on average wholesale price. Outcomes included medical costs, effectiveness measured by mortality reduction, quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over a 24-month time horizon. Results: Base case results are shown in the Table. Compared with no LMWH, primary prophylaxis with LMWH in ambulatory cancer patients over a 4-month period was associated with a relative mortality risk of 0.92 over 24 months (relative risk reduction of 0.08), at a gain of 0.0484 QALY, for an ICER of $76,922/QALY gained, well within the accepted $100,000/QALY threshold. The results were not sensitive to variation in VTE relative risk (RR) with AC (base case RR 0.55), nor to AC-associated major bleeding (base case RR 1.3) or minor bleeding (base case RR 1.05) risks. Variation of the relative mortality risk with AC to ≥ 0.94, or the cost of AC (Figure) to ≥ $1,429/month (base $1,132), increased the ICER to >$100,000/QALY. Discussion: Prophylactic AC appears cost-effective in ambulatory cancer patients during the first four months of chemotherapy. Clinical trials will be needed to confirm the survival benefit of LMWH prophylaxis in ambulatory cancer patients. Strategy Cost Incremental Cost Effectiveness Incremental Effectiveness Incremental C/E Ratio (ICER) (1) No LMWH $149.20 – 0.8215 – – (2) LWMH $3,874.90 $3,725.60 0.8700 0.0484 $76,922 Download : Download high-res image (23KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Women's Individual Asset Ownership and Experience of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From 28 International Surveys.

Objectives. To assess the oft-perceived protective relationship between women’s asset ownership and experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the previous 12 months.Methods. We used international survey data from women aged 15 to 49 years from 28 Demographic and Health Surveys (2010–2014) to examine the association between owning assets and experience of recent IPV, matching on household wealth by using multivariate probit models. Matching methods helped to account for the higher probability that women in wealthier households also have a higher likelihood of owning assets.Results. Asset ownership of any type was negatively associated with IPV in 3 countries, positively associated in 5 countries, and had no significant relationship in 20 countries (P < .10). Disaggregation by asset type, sole or joint ownership, women’s age, and community level of women’s asset ownership similarly showed no conclusive patterns.Conclusions. Results suggest that the relationship between women’s asset ownership and IPV...
Milieu-Based Neurorehabilitation at the Adult Day Hospital for Neurological Rehabilitation

The Adult Day Hospital for Neurological Rehabilitation (ADHNR) has been providing a milieu-based rehabilitation program for persons with acquired brain injury at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona, since January 1986. The ADHNR program was initially implemented by George P. Prigatano, PhD and Pamela S. Klonoff, PhD, based on a similar program at Presbyterian Hospital in Oklahoma City that Dr. Prigatano directed from 1980 to 1985. The Neuropsychological Rehabilitation Program at Presbyterian Hospital in Oklahoma City was a milieu-based program that assisted patients in becoming aware and acceptant of the neuropsychological consequences of their injuries, improving their personal reactions to their injury, and obtaining employment commensurate with their abilities (Prigatano et al., 1986). Morning hours were devoted to the remediation of and compensation for changes in cognitive, personality, and physical functioning. As time passed, the program was modified to include a structured work experience in order to enhance the effects of therapy within a work setting. The program emphasized developing a good working alliance, not only with patients, but also with family members.
Content-aware compressive magnetic resonance image reconstruction

This paper describes an adaptive approach to regularizing model-based reconstructions in magnetic resonance imaging to account for local structure or image content. In conjunction with common models like wavelet and total variation sparsity, this content-aware regularization avoids oversmoothing or compromising image features while suppressing noise and incoherent aliasing from accelerated imaging. To evaluate this regularization approach, the experiments reconstruct images from single- and multi-channel, Cartesian and non-Cartesian, brain and cardiac data. These reconstructions combine common analysis-form regularizers and autocalibrating parallel imaging (when applicable). In most cases, the results show widespread improvement in structural similarity and peak-signal-to-error ratio relative to the fully sampled images. These results suggest that this content-aware regularization can preserve local image structures such as edges while providing denoising power superior to sparsity-promoting or sparsity-reweighted regularization.
Hospital workers and AIDS: effect of in-service education on knowledge and perceived risks and stresses.

Hospital workers were surveyed in 1985 and again in 1986, after the institution of in-service training programs, regarding their knowledge about AIDS and their perceptions of the risks and stresses of AIDS patient care. The study found that in-service training was associated with reductions in workers’ reported stress, perceived risks, and negative attitudes, and with improvements in knowledge and satisfaction with the quality of care provided.
Apocalypse and the breaking-open of Dialogue: A negatively theological perspective

Vivre en ne se prenant pas pour Dieu et en n'ayant aucun pouvoir dans le jugement final du monde est une premisse necessaire pour un dialogue veritable. L'A. rehabilite le dialogue avec les discours sur l'apocalypse et l'apocalyptique qui ont ete evacues de la culture occidentale. Or, cette pensee apocalyptique est un element fondamental qui a besoin d'etre compris et approprie pour nous comprendre et accepter notre condition humaine. L'A. retourne aux sources bibliques et litteraires pour comprendre la force d'une apocalyptique comme impulsion indispensable du dialogue dans la tradition culturelle occidentale.
Electrostatic Potentials as Descriptors of Molecular Reactivity: The Basis for Some Successful Predictions of Biological Activity

Almost immediately after the theoretical basis of the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was described (see reference 1 for a review) and efficient methods of calculation were devised,2 the MEP became an important reactivity index in studies of a large variety of molecular interactions (for a recent review see reference 3). The utility of this approach to molecular reactivity is continually demonstrated, and the present volume is further proof of the wide scope of use that MEP’s have found in chemistry, biochemistry and related disciplines. Concomitantly there is a growing concern with the shortcomings of the method and a need to illustrate the reasons for success and failure of this approach in studies of molecular reactivity.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Celiac Disease and Associated Conditions in the United States between 2012-2017: Results from a National Electronic Patient Database

Background: Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Previous screening studies of CD have shown wide-ranging prevalence estimates. We sought to describe the prevalence of diagnosed CD in the United States (US) using a large, electronic, population-based database, and identify associated conditions of interest. Methods: From a large commercial database (Explorys), we identified a cohort of patients with CD between April 2012 and April 2017, based on Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT). From this cohort, we calculated the prevalence of CD and were able to identify associations between CD cases and other conditions. Results: Of the 35,854,260 individuals in the database, we identified 83,090 cases of CD, with an overall prevalence of 231.7/100,000 persons (0.23%). Prevalence was higher in females than males [odds ratio (OR) 2.40; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.36-2.43, p < 0.0001], whites versus non-whites (OR 2.25; 95% CI 2.20-2.30, p < 0.0001) and adults (≥ 18 years) versus children (< 18) (OR) 2.60; 95% CI 2.53-2.67, p < 0.0001). CD was found to be associated with many other medical conditions. Conclusions: In this large study, we found that the estimated prevalence of diagnosed CD in the USA is considerably lower than previous screening estimates, suggesting a large burden of undiagnosed CD. We were also able to identify strong associations between CD and many other medical conditions.
Cocaine-Induced Brugada Pattern.

Background: Brugada phenocopies are clinical entities etiologically distinct from congenital Brugada syndrome; differentiation is crucial for management. Case: A 29 year-old male with a history of cocaine abuse, brought in by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) after he was found unresponsive and given naloxone. He was found altered but arousable with verbal stimuli. He reported snorting a white powder to get “high”. He denied family history of sudden death or previous history of syncope. His ECG on presentation showed coved, ≥2 mm ST elevation with T-wave inversion in V2 consistent with Brugada EKG pattern (Figure 1). His troponin was trending up with elevated creatinine 1.6 mg/dl, liver enzymes and lactic acid, and urine toxicology was positive for cocaine. Decision‐making: The presentation of altered mental status is multifactorial: metabolic derangement, drugs misuse and Brugada. Finding Brugada EKG pattern should be investigated to differentiate congenital Brugada syndrome and Brugada phenocopies. This patient has no family history of sudden death and no prior history of syncope. Serial EKG showed a gradual resolution of the coved and ST elevation in V2. Conclusion: our case demonstrates the importance of careful history taking including family history, as well as serial ECGs and treating the possible underlying etiology such as drugs abuse or electrolytes abnormality. It is also warranted to differentiate between Brugada phenocopies from congenital Brugada syndrome because therapeutic strategies are quite different with each diagnosis.
Jewishness as sui generis: extending theorizations beyond the debate of “race, ethnicity, or religion”

ABSTRACTScholarship on Jewishness has often assumed that race, ethnicity, and religion are discrete categories. This review article surveys the place of Jewishness within race literature, ethnicity...
Non-Gaussian SLAM utilizing Synthetic Aperture Sonar

Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) is a technique to improve the spatial resolution from a moving set of receivers by extending the array in time, increasing the effective array length and aperture. This technique is limited by the accuracy of the receiver position estimates, necessitating highly accurate, typically expensive aided-inertial navigation systems for submerged platforms. We leverage simultaneous localization and mapping to fuse acoustic and navigational measurements and obtain accurate pose estimates even without the benefit of absolute positioning for lengthy underwater missions. We demonstrate a method of formulating the well-known SAS problem in a SLAM framework, using acoustic data from hydrophones to simultaneously estimate platform and beacon position. An empirical probability distribution is computed from a conventional beamformer to correctly account for uncertainty in the acoustic measurements. The non-parametric method relieves the familiar Gaussian-only assumption currently used in the localization and mapping discipline and fits effectively into a factor graph formulation with conventional factors such as ground-truth priors and odometry. We present results from field experiments performed on the Charles River with an autonomous surface vehicle which demonstrate simultaneous localization of an unknown acoustic beacon and vehicle positioning, and provide comparison to GPS ground truths.
Entangled Political Economy Within Human Population Systems

This chapter explores the systemic or macro properties of a society where political and economic activities and organizations are thoroughly entangled with one another. In the presence of entanglement, politics is a peculiar form of commerce just as commerce is engaged with politics. Political arrangements emerge from the same economizing desires as do commercial arrangements. While political participation in economic activity is widely advocated as being necessary to stabilize what would otherwise be economic volatility, this chapter examines how the democratic competition for political power can generate economic instability, and with that very instability being used ideologically to justify further political participation in economic activity.
Fully automated analog sub-circuit clustering with graph convolutional neural networks

The design of custom analog integrated circuits is a contributing factor in high development cost and increased production time, driving the need for more automation. In automating particular avenues of analog design, it is then crucial to assess the efficacy with which the algorithm is able to solve the desired problem. To do this, one must consider four metrics that are especially pertinent in this area: robustness, accuracy, level of automation, and computation time. In this work, we present a framework that bridges the gap between schematic and layout generation by encapsulating the design intuition needed to create layout through identification of critical sub-circuit structures through the use of Graphical Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNNs) along with an unsupervised graph clustering technique. This framework is the first tool, to our knowledge, to entirely automate this clustering process. We compare our algorithm to prior work utilizing the four figures of merit, and our results show over 90% accuracy across six different analog circuits, ranging in size and complexity, while taking just under 1 second to complete.
Woody: Low-Cost, Open-Source Humanoid Torso Robot

This paper presents a humanoid torso robot, named Woody. It has two arms, each with five degrees of freedom (DoF) and a 2-DoF neck supporting the head with two moving eyebrows. Woody's hardware is made primarily from laser-cut plywood. Two cameras, a microphone, a speaker, and a microprocessor board are embedded in the robot. The processor board also contains a wireless communication module for remote control and access to networked or cloudbased resources. The interactive functions include face tracking, facial emotion recognition, and several pre-programmed default gestures. Woody's graphical user interface (GUI) provides its users with instructions on hardware construction and initial setup. Through this GUI, the user can also program the robot and record new gestures by its motion recording function. Woody is developed as an open-source hardware platform that can also utilize open-source software for educational purposes.
Bringing clerkship grading back to the bedside.

Background The hallmark of medical education is learning from patients through interactions at the bedside. However, many medical schools incorporate clinical clerkship grading systems that incentivize time away from patient care activities to focus on examinations of medical knowledge. The purpose of this innovation was to develop a grading system that encouraged development of competencies beyond medical knowledge, including patient care, communication, and professionalism skills. Methods In 2016, the authors convened a diverse workgroup to reform the clerkship grading approach at their institution. The group reviewed relevant literature and discussed approaches used by other institutions. They developed a competency-based criterion system. For each of four competency domains (patient care, medical knowledge (examination score), professionalism, and communication/teamwork), students received a designation of inadequate, competent, or exemplary. The highest grade ("honors") was awarded to students who met the criteria for exemplary performance in at least two domains. It was a primarily compensatory model, although to achieve competency (pass) scoring was non-compensatory (acceptable performance in all categories). Results A total of 231 medical students received 1499 clerkship grades during the 2018-2019 year. Compared to previous years, more students (40% vs. 15%) received honors. A substantial proportion (43%) received honors without achieving an exemplary designation in the medical knowledge domain (i.e., standardized examination). Findings and discussion The revised grading system provided several avenues for students to excel and receive honors in their clerkships allowing for recognition of students who excelled in patient care-related areas other than standardized examinations.