cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single Ion Conducting, Polymerized Ionic Liquid Triblock Copolymer Films: High Capacitance Electrolyte Gates for n-type Transistors

There has been impressive progress in the fabrication and characterization of p-type organic electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs). Unfortunately, despite the importance of n-type organic transistors for complementary circuits, fewer investigations have focused on developing electrolytes as gate dielectrics for n-type organic semiconductors. Here, we present a novel single ion conductor, a polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) triblock copolymer (PS-PIL-PS) composed of styrene (PS) and 1-[(2-acryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PIL), that conducts only the TFSI anion. This triblock copolymer acts as a gate dielectric to allow low-voltage n-type organic EGT operation. Impedance characterization of PS-PIL-PS reveals that there are three polarization regions: (1) dipolar relaxation, (2) ion migration, and (3) electric double layer (EDL) formation. These polarization regions are controlled by film thickness, and rapid EDL formation can be obtained in thinner polyelectrolyte films. ...
Measuring Communities of Faith: A Preliminary Investigation

The purpose of this study is to estimate a higher-order confirmatory factor model of communities of faith that consists of two tiers. Seven dimensions of church-based social support make up the first tier including emotional support received from rank-and-file church members as well as emotional support received from a pastor. It is hypothesized that these first-order constructs are driven by a higher-order latent variable that denotes a community of faith. The data reveal that emotional support represents the way in which a community of faith is most likely to be manifest while tangible support is a less critical component.
Prospective, observational study of antiplatelet and coagulation biomarkers as predictors of thromboembolic events after implantation of ventricular assist devices

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are associated with thromboembolic events. Aspirin hyporesponsiveness has been associated with an increased risk of future vascular atherothrombotic events, such as acute coronary syndromes and cerebrovascular accidents, but whether this disorder can predict future clinical thromboembolic events in patients with VADs remains unclear. In this article, the prevalence and clinical relevance of aspirin hyporesponsiveness before and after VAD implantation and the role of markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed.
Early Adoption of SFAS 159: Lessons from Games (almost) Played

This paper examines instances of firms that early adopted SFAS 159, The fair value option for financial assets and financial liabilities, and then rescinded or revised their early adoption of the standard because their implementation was not in keeping with the "intent and spirit" of the standard. These reversals imply opportunistic use of the implementation provisions in SFAS 159 and, as such, provide a useful blueprint for understanding the effects of the standard, which became effective for all firms in November 2007. An analysis of the disclosures by the rescinding firms indicates the importance of informal mechanisms in helping firms interpret and implement new accounting standards, which is particularly relevant given the lesser amounts of detailed guidance provided by standard-setters in principles-based compared with rules-based standards.
A Retrospective Review of Paclitaxel-Associated Gastrointestinal Necrosis in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Seven patients with gastrointestinal necrosis following paclitaxel chemotherapy are reported. Four of seven patients had platinum refractory disease, while 3/7 patients received primary paclitaxel therapy. Complications occurred 5 to 16 days following paclitaxel therapy. The most common clinical presentation was fever (7/7 patients), neutropenia (6/7 patients), and abdominal pain (6/7 patients). All seven patients developed gastrointestinal necrosis following the first cycle of paclitaxel chemotherapy. The exact mechanism by which this complication occurs is poorly understood. We postulate that gastrointestinal necrosis may be the result of a direct drug effect on the gastrointestinal epithelium and might involve a synergistic interaction between compromised bowel and paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest. We observe that the incidence of gastrointestinal necrosis in patients with platinum refractory disease is 4 of 108 patients (3.7%). The incidence of this complication in patients receiving primary paclitaxel at our institution is 3 of approximately 128 patients (2.3%). Eighteen cases to date have been identified in the literature. A high index of suspicion of this complication should be considered for patients presenting with neutropenic fever and abdominal pain following paclitaxel chemotherapy.
MoH+: A Global, Integrated, and Automated View of Official Outbreak Reporting

HealthMap's MoH+ feed (healthmap.org/mohplus) collects surveillance data published globally by official government sources, including ministries of health, government affiliated research organizations, and international governing bodies. Using this integrated, automated, and real-time tool, timeliness of outbreak reporting between official and unofficial sources are compared.
Maturação física: uma revisão da literatura, com especial atenção à criança brasileira

O presente artigo apresenta uma revisao sobre o processo de maturacao na crianca em geral e discute dados em amostras brasileiras. Dados referentes as caracteristicas sexuais secundarias, para ambos os sexos, sao comparados aos de outras populacoes. A mediana de idade de menarca em meninas brasileiras, obtida pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saude e Nutricao (Inan, 1990), esta em torno de 13,2 anos. Os dados de idade de menarca em atletas brasileiras apontam para uma menarca mais tardia do que na populacao nao-atletica. A idade de inicio de desenvolvimento de mamas, genitais e pelos pubianos em criancas brasileiras difere pouco em relacao a outras populacoes latino-americanas e europeias. Quanto a maturacao sexual e as mudancas na composicao corporal, varios estudos brasileiros, em concordância com dados internacionais, mostram que a menarca e um marco importante no aumento dos depositos de gordura nas meninas. Ja nos meninos, parece nao haver um aumento expressivo nas dobras cutâneas durante o processo de maturacao. E evidente a falta de estudos sobre crescimento, desenvolvimento e maturacao do adolescente em varias regioes do pais, principalmente no grupo masculino.
Early childhood education expenditures and the intergenerational persistence of income

We consider the extent to which cross-country differences in the intergenerational persistence of income can be explained by differences in government spending on early childhood education. We build a life-cycle model where human capital is accumulated in early, middle and late childhood. Both families and the government can increase the human capital of young agents by investing in education at each stage of childhood. Ability in each dynasty and wages per unit of human capital are stochastic. Different realizations of these values and the resultant education spending histories generate a stochastic steady-state distribution of income. Government spending can reduce persistence by weakening the link between parental income and education spending for a child. Our results show that doubling early childhood spending in the U.S. to match levels in Norway and Denmark eliminates less than 8.5 percent of the gap in intergenerational income persistence. Increased government education spending in later childhood has almost no effect on persistence. Early childhood expenditures can have a larger effect when allocated to low income families.
Within month variability in use of soup kitchens in New York State. p4

This paper describes the variation in use of soup kitchens throughout the month using data from the New York State Nutritional Surveillance Program. Excluding November, December, and May, when holiday meals created a different pattern of use, number of meals served in soup kitchens generally increased toward the end of the month, averaging 43 per cent higher for Upstate and 14 per cent higher for New York City in the last week as compared to the first week of the month. The overall increase throughout the month and difference in the magnitude of increase between Upstate and New York City corresponds to the timing of income maintenance benefits distribution. Distribution of most public assistance benefits occurs at the beginning of each month in Upstate, whereas it is staggered in New York City throughout the month.
Infrared transmission of synthetic atmospheres. IV. Application of theoretical band models

Two types of theoretical models for an absorption band are described and applied to infrared absorption bands of CO2 and H2O. For CO2, which has a regular fine structure, the so-called Elsasser model, which assumes equally-spaced, equally-intense lines, can be applied. For H2O, which has highly irregular fine structure, the so-called statistical or Goody model, which assumes random spacings and intensity distribution, is applicable. The individual lines are assumed to have the Lorentz shape in both models. The method of application of these models to the experimentally observed bands is discussed in detail.
An extension of cubic equations of state to vapor-liquid equilibria in polymer-solvent mixtures

Abstract Cubic equations of state (EOS) are extended to describe polymer-solvent vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE). The solvents are described the conventional way using critical parameters. To describe the pure polymers, only the weight-average molecular weight is necessary, though number-average molecular weight, polydispersity and melt density can be incorporated if desired. To extend the model to mixtures, a mixing rule that combines EOS with excess energy models is used. In this formulation, the excess Gibbs energy term is considered in two parts: the classical Flory term for the entropic contributions and a residual term that takes care of specific interactions between the solvent and the polymer. For athermal mixtures that exhibit no such interactions, the residual term drops out and the model becomes completely predictive. Otherwise, for residual contributions, depending upon the complexity of specific molecular interactions anticipated in the mixture, either a single parameter Flory expression or a two-parameter NRTL equation can be used. We conclude that the simple cubic EOS approach presented here is easy to use, yet competes successfully with more sophisticated EOS models developed particularly for polymer solutions. Moreover, it offers more flexibility if one or more parameters are to be tuned to the process data.
Using the Internet to Enhance Testing in Counseling

This article reviews potential Internet applications in test selection, orientation, administration, scoring, and interpretation and explores inappropriate assessment use, relationship issues, ethics, credentialing, and training.
Generalized shuffle-exchange digraphs: Hamiltonian properties

The k-ary n-dimensional shuffle-exchange directed network S(k, n) consists of k/sup n/ nodes such that each node is represented as an k-ary n-tuple vector, a/sub 1/a/sub 2/...a/sub n/, where a/sub i/ is in [0, k-1]. Node a/sub 1/a/sub 2/...a/sub n/ is adjacent to node a/sub 2/a/sub 3/...a/sub n/a/sub 1/ (one shuffle link) and k-1 other nodes a/sub 1/a/sub 2/...a/sub n-1/b, where b/spl isin/[0, k-1] and b/spl ne/a/sub n/ (k-1 exchange links). S(k, n) have been widely used as topologies for VLSI networks, parallel architectures, and communication systems. However, since S(k, n) does not exist for the number of nodes between k/sup n/ and k/sup n+1/, Liu and Hsu have recently proposed a class of digraphs GS(k, N), which generalized S(k, n) to any number N of nodes. They also showed that GS(k, N) retains all the nice properties of S(k, n). In this paper, we survey these combinatorial properties and study Hamiltonian properties of GS(k, N). In particular, we have successfully obtained a Hamiltonian circuit for GS(k, k(k+1)) for any k>2.
Fractional Voronovskaya type asymptotic expansions for quasi-interpolation neural network operators

Here we study further the quasi-interpolation of sigmoidal and hyperbolic tangent types neural network operators of one hidden layer. Based on fractional calculus theory we derive fractional Voronovskaya type asymptotic expansions for the error of approximation of these operators to the unit operator.
Indirect Expression of Preference in Sketch Maps

First graders, fifth graders, university students, and older adults drew sketch maps of familiar environments. Not until after the sketch maps were collected did subjects have any idea that the stu...
Counselling Citizens and Producing Patronage: AIDS Treatment in South African and Ugandan Clinics.

Global health interventions to provide antiretroviral (ARV) drug treatment for people living with HIV/AIDS in developing countries have linked global and local actors in unprecedented ways. These uneven relationships have been described as creating new forms of citizenship that challenge the liberal understanding of rights and responsibilities bestowed by the state. A comparative case study based on fieldwork from South Africa and Uganda suggests different theoretical understandings of the link between technologies of AIDS treatment and relationships of belonging. Yet ethnographic data from local clinics in both countries point to similarities that exist across AIDS interventions and to the importance of counsellors in negotiating the rules of ARVs. Neither patients living with HIV nor the local providers of their AIDS treatment are bare life subjects to be acted upon by a global development intervention. As ARV technologies are increasingly prescribed in developing country clinics diverse social relationships are taught and negotiated as part of the pedagogy of biopolitics. The following discussion demonstrates how local counsellors and clients negotiate the rules of AIDS treatment together for mutual benefit. The article concludes that AIDS treatment creates relationships of therapeutic citizenship and clientship in ways that constrain the possibilities of citizenship and development.
Escherichia coli Mutants Lacking All Possible Combinations of Eight Penicillin Binding Proteins: Viability, Characteristics, and Implications for Peptidoglycan Synthesis

The penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) synthesize and remodel peptidoglycan, the structural component of the bacterial cell wall. Much is known about the biochemistry of these proteins, but little is known about their biological roles. To better understand the contributions these proteins make to the physiology of Escherichia coli, we constructed 192 mutants from which eight PBP genes were deleted in every possible combination. The genes encoding PBPs 1a, 1b, 4, 5, 6, and 7, AmpC, and AmpH were cloned, and from each gene an internal coding sequence was removed and replaced with a kanamycin resistance cassette flanked by two res sites from plasmid RP4. Deletion of individual genes was accomplished by transferring each interrupted gene onto the chromosome of E. coli via lambda phage transduction and selecting for kanamycin-resistant recombinants. Afterwards, the kanamycin resistance cassette was removed from each mutant strain by supplying ParA resolvase in trans, yielding a strain in which a long segment of the original PBP gene was deleted and replaced by an 8-bp res site. These kanamycin-sensitive mutants were used as recipients in further rounds of replacement mutagenesis, resulting in a set of strains lacking from one to seven PBPs. In addition, the dacD gene was deleted from two septuple mutants, creating strains lacking eight genes. The only deletion combinations not produced were those lacking both PBPs 1a and 1b because such a combination is lethal. Surprisingly, all other deletion mutants were viable even though, at the extreme, 8 of the 12 known PBPs had been eliminated. Furthermore, when both PBPs 2 and 3 were inactivated by the beta-lactams mecillinam and aztreonam, respectively, several mutants did not lyse but continued to grow as enlarged spheres, so that one mutant synthesized osmotically resistant peptidoglycan when only 2 of 12 PBPs (PBPs 1b and 1c) remained active. These results have important implications for current models of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, for understanding the evolution of the bacterial sacculus, and for interpreting results derived by mutating unknown open reading frames in genome projects. In addition, members of the set of PBP mutants will provide excellent starting points for answering fundamental questions about other aspects of cell wall metabolism.
Holistic Perspective on the Escherichia coli Hemolysin

This chapter reviews the knowledge of the prototype of the RTX family of pore-forming toxins, the Escherichia coli hemolysin, and proposes that new efforts be made to study the significance and roles of the exotoxins, together with those of endotoxins, as an integrated synergistic system of multiple virulence factors. The fundamental approach taken by biochemists and cell biologists interested in understanding the role in pathogenesis of a bacterial virulence factor such as an exoprotein has been to purify the exoprotein and observe its activity on different substrates, cells, and hosts. The RTX-associated diseases include pertussis, juvenile periodontitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. The epidemiological evidence for an association between RTX toxin production and isolates that cause disease is strong for all of the organisms except E. colii, Morganella morganii, and Proteus vulgaris. The solubilization of hemolysin aggregates by a chaotropic agent such as urea causes an increase in the specific lytic activity of the hemolysin. The erythrocytes transform into echinocytes, in which gross cytoskeletal or membrane irregularities result in rounding of the cell and the formation of multiple teardrop-shaped projections from the cell surface. The cellular transformation is similar to that caused by the treatment of erthrocytes by a calcium ionophore. The motivation for covering the older literature in the chapter is to stimulate thought, experimentation, and discussion about the significance of the ever-present lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules on the structure and activity of the E. coli hemolysin.
The incoming statistical knowledge of undergraduate majors in a department of mathematics and statistics

Studies have shown that at the end of an introductory statistics course, students struggle with building block concepts, such as mean and standard deviation, and rely on procedural understandings of the concepts. This study aims to investigate the understandings entering freshman of a department of mathematics and statistics (including mathematics education), students who are presumably better prepared in terms of mathematics and statistics than the average university student, have of introductory statistics. This case study found that these students enter college with common statistical misunderstandings, lack of knowledge, and idiosyncratic collections of correct statistical knowledge. Moreover, they also have a wide range of beliefs about their knowledge with some of the students who believe that they have the strongest knowledge also having significant misconceptions. More attention to these statistical building blocks may be required in a university introduction statistics course.
THU0279 Absence of radiographic progression of hip arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with infliximab for 6 years

Background Hip involvement is the most frequent extraspinal arthritic manifestation of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and a common cause of disability. In contrast to the classical changes in the spine, hip joint inflammation does not lead to formation of new bone but results in bone erosions, indicating that at different sites parallel osteoproliferative and osteodestructive changes may occur. Current evidence suggests that anti-TNF treatment does not inhibit radiographic progression in the spine; whether it affects the progression of hip joint space narrowing in AS patients with hip arthritis is not known. Objectives To examine the impact of continuous long-term treatment with the anti-TNF antibody infliximab on radiographic progression of hip arthritis in AS patients. Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients with AS and hip involvement (21 men, median age of 45 years) prior to the initiation of infliximab treatment were included in this retrospective study. Infliximab was given as monotherapy in 21 and combined with methotrexate in 2 patients. Anteroposterior X-rays of the pelvis obtained at baseline were compared to X-rays obtained after 5.9±2.2 years (mean±SD) of continuous infliximab treatment (5 mg/kg, every 2 months), using: a) the Bath AS radiology hip index (BASRI-h) scoring system (min 1, max 4), a reliable, disease-specific, sensitive to change method for grading hip radiographic change in AS, and b) the width of the whole joint space estimated by measurement of 3 distinct points of interbone distance (2mm inner of the external end of the acetabulum, vertical line through femoral head center, head-neck center line) with the help of a graduated eyepiece. One senior rheumatologist (A.I.) and one rheumatology fellow (M.K.) performed a blinded radiographic review of 23 X-ray pairs. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability was established using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Both readers achieved excellent agreement for BASRI-h scores and the three points of intraarticular distance (ICC=0.88, 95% CI:0.85, 0,91). The mean±SD BASRI-h score at baseline was 2.50±0.87 and remained unchanged at follow-up end (2.50±0.88). Moreover, the width of the whole joint space at baseline (3.49±0.6 mm) was not reduced after 5.9±2.2 years of infliximab treatment in these patients (3.50±0.74 mm). Conclusions Despite the lack of a control group our results suggest that long term infliximab treatment inhibits radiographic progression of hip arthritis in responding patients with AS, possibly by blocking a local osteodestructive TNF-mediated effect. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
The biological relations of seed proteins

At a recent meeting of this society, Reichert and Brown gave the results of their examination of the crystal forms of hemoglobins obtained from a large number of different species of animals.1The crystallographic method was adopted because they believed that by this means they might succeed where the chemist had failed.That the chemist has failed to establish differences between homologous proteins which are quite as marked as those indicated by the method employed by Reichert and Brown, I cannot admit.Without wishing in any way to detract from the importance of the highly interesting results reported by Reichert and Brown, I would like to call your attention to the results obtained by purely chemical means in the investigations of the vegetable proteins which have been made in my laboratory during the past years, and which are in complete harmony with the results of Reichert and Brown.The most marked instance of the agreement of both physical and chemical characteristics of the protein constituents of an...
Periodic envelopes of waves over non-uniform depth

The envelope of narrow-banded, periodic, surface-gravity waves propagating in one dimension over water of finite, non-uniform depth may be modeled by the Djordjevic and Redekopp [“On the development of packets of surface gravity waves moving over an uneven bottom,” Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 29, 950–962 (1978)] equation (DRE). Here we find five approximate solutions of the DRE that are in the form of Jacobi-elliptic functions and discuss them within the framework of ocean swell. We find that in all cases, the maximum envelope-amplitude decreases/increases when the wave group propagates on water of decreasing/increasing depth. In the limit of the elliptic modulus approaching one, three of the solutions reduce to the envelope soliton solution. In the limit of the elliptic modulus approaching zero, two of the solutions reduce to an envelope-amplitude that is uniform in an appropriate reference frame.
Pancreatic Cyst Disease: A Review

Importance Cystic lesions of the pancreas are common and increasingly detected in the primary care setting. Some patients have a low risk for developing a malignancy and others have a high risk and need further testing and interventions. Observations Pancreatic cysts may be intraductal mucinous neoplasms, mucinous cystic neoplasms, serous cystadenomas, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, cystic variations of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, or 1 of several types of nonneoplastic cysts. Mucinous (intraductal mucinous neoplasm or mucinous cystic neoplasm) lesions have malignant potential and should be distinguished from serous lesions (serous cystadenomas) that are nearly always benign. Symptomatic patients or those having high-risk features on initial imaging (eg, main pancreatic duct dilatation, a solid component, or mural nodule) require further evaluation with advanced imaging, possibly followed by surgical resection. Advanced imaging includes endoscopic ultrasound with cyst fluid analysis and cytology to confirm the type of cyst and determine the risk of malignancy. Small cysts (size Conclusions and Relevance The management of pancreatic cysts requires risk stratification for malignant potential based on the presence or absence of symptoms and high-risk features on cross-sectional imaging. Because pancreatic cysts are becoming more frequently diagnosed, clinicians should have a systematic approach for establishing a diagnosis and determining which patients require treatment.
Effects of Isothermal Forging Fire Times on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Damage-tolerant Titanium Alloy

The effect of isothermal forging fire times on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 alloy was studied by isothermal forging at constant strain rate.The results show that the microstructure of TC21 alloy is greatly affected by fire time.With the increase of forging fire time,the degree of boundary breaking declines,the secondary α phase becomes longer and is arranged into feathery along the direction of deformation;the forging's strength changes slightly,the plasticity obviously reduces.
Translation, ideology, and creativity

Early translation studies scholars explored the relationship between translation and literary creation, showing that translation serves innovative purposes in literary systems that are in crisis, or that are weak or relatively young. Translation also acts as an ‘alibi ’for the introduction of difference. These early explorations leave out the role of ideology in the creative aspects of translation, a role articulated in both discourse theory and postcolonial theory. As a form of linguistic interface, translation introduces discourse shifts, destabilizes received meanings, creates altern ate views of reality, establishes new representations, and makes possible new identities. All these changes can produce creative results in a literary system and a culture. These creative dimensions of translation are particularly apparent in post-colonial contexts, illustrated here by the nexus of language interface, translation, and literary creativity in Ireland from the end of the nineteenth century to the present.
What is Empathy

The previous chapter mentioned eight different ways that empathy has been defined in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience. How should empathy be defined in philosophy and normative ethics in particular? Several proposals have been made. Ethicist Justin D’Arms defines empathy as both an act and a capacity: empathy involves responding “to the perceived feelings of another with vicarious emotional reactions of one’s own, and empathy is the capacity for, or the occurrence of, such a vicarious experience.”1 This definition captures the idea that empathy involves responding to another’s emotion by acquiring a similar emotion, and focuses on the “feeling another’s emotion” aspect of empathy.
Adaptation and assessment of a public speaking rating scale

AbstractProminent spoken language assessments such as the Oral Proficiency Interview and the Test of Spoken English have been primarily concerned with speaking ability as it relates to conversation. This paper looks at an additional aspect of spoken language ability, namely public speaking. This study used an adapted form of a public speaking rating scale originally designed for English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts. This paper seeks to evaluate the relationship between this EFL-based scale and assessment within a core US university public speaking course. The relevance of EFL assessments to those used in English medium courses provides insight as to whether language learners are being evaluated on similar public speaking constructs to their English speaking peers, and informs instruction aimed at preparing students for English medium courses. A sample of undergraduate students (N = 44), primarily native speakers of English, performed classroom speeches in an introductory public speaking course and...
First-stage palliation strategy for univentricular heart disease may impact risk for acute kidney injury

Objective Norwood palliation for patients with single ventricle heart disease is associated with a significant risk for acute kidney injury, which portends a worse prognosis. We sought to investigate the impact of hybrid stage I palliation (Hybrid) on acute kidney injury risk. Design This study is a single-centre prospective case–control study of seven consecutive neonates with single ventricle undergoing Hybrid palliation. Levels of serum creatinine and four novel urinary biomarkers, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-18, liver fatty acid-binding protein, and kidney injury molecule-1, were obtained before and after palliation. Acute kidney injury was defined as a ⩾50% increase in serum creatinine within 48 hours after the procedure. Data were compared with a contemporary cohort of 12 neonates with single ventricle who underwent Norwood palliation. Results Patients who underwent Hybrid were more likely to be high-risk candidates (86 versus 25%, p=0.01) compared with those who underwent Norwood. Despite similar preoperative serum creatinine levels, there was a trend towards higher levels of postoperative peak serum creatinine (0.7 [0.63, 0.94] versus 0.56 [0.47, 0.74], p=0.06) and rate of acute kidney injury (67 versus 29%, p=0.17) in the Norwood cohort. Preoperative neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (58.4 [11, 86.3] versus 6.3 [5, 16.2], p=0.07) and interleukin-18 (30.6 [9.6, 167.2] versus 6.3 [6.3, 16.4], p=0.03) levels were higher in the Hybrid cohort. Nevertheless, longitudinal mixed-effect models demonstrated Hybrid palliation to be a protective factor against increased postoperative levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (estimate −1.8 [−3.0, −9.0], p<0.001) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (−49.3 [−89.7, −8.8], p=0.018). Conclusions In this single-centre case–control study, postoperative acute kidney injury risk did not differ significantly by single ventricle stage I treatment strategy; however, postoperative elevation in novel urinary biomarkers, consistent with subclinical kidney injury, was encountered in the Norwood cohort but not in the Hybrid cohort.
Clinical and sonographic evaluation of subpectoral biceps tenodesis with a dual suture anchor technique demonstrates improved outcomes and a low failure rate at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and integrity of an open subpectoral biceps tenodesis using a dual suture anchor construct. Patients with at least 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively evaluated for simple shoulder test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, function and satisfaction. A physical exam assessed shoulder range of motion and elbow strength. Ultrasonography visualized construct integrity. Of 43 eligible patients, 36 completed questionnaire evaluation and 22 completed an additional physical examination. Indications included superior labral anterior–posterior (SLAP) lesions (4), partial thickness tears (6), instability (6), and tenosynovitis of the biceps tendon (20). Eighteen patients (50%) had an associated rotator cuff tear. Patient-reported outcomes improved pre- vs postoperatively: ASES score (45.4 vs 78.6, P < 0.001), SST (5.1 vs 9.6, P < 0.001), pain-VAS (4.8 vs 2.0, P < 0.001), and function-VAS (4.9 vs 2.3, P < 0.001). Satisfaction-VAS was 8.3 postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes did not differ for patients with an associated rotator cuff tear compared to those without (P ≥ 0.427). None of the physical exam measures were lower on the operative side compared to the healthy side (P ≥ 0.516). Sonographic evaluation revealed preserved integrity of the tenodesis construct in all cases. No complications were noted. Subpectoral biceps tenodesis utilizing a dual suture anchor technique is a treatment option for SLAP lesions, partial thickness tears, subluxation, and tenosynovitis of the long head of the biceps with high rates of postoperative patient satisfaction, a low failure rate, and improved outcome scores. The presence of a concomitant rotator cuff tear did not influence clinical outcomes.
The Aerodynamics of Golf

The use of aerodynamic forces by the expert golfer was demonstrated to me once by a drive off the tee by a well-known professional, Arnold Palmer. I stood directly behind him so that I could have the best view of the flight of the ball. Instead of the ball going on the parabolic path I had expected, it climbed in a nearly straight line for about 3 seconds and then began to fall. Recall that Newton’s first law states that a body continues in a straight line at constant speed unless a force acts on it. The nearly straight path indicated an almost zero net force acting on the ball in the vertical direction. Where did this lifting force about equal to the weight of the ball come from? It was the aerodynamic force on the dimpled spinning ball, traveling at a high speed, that was balancing the vertical force of gravity.
Survival circuits and therapy: from automaticity to the conscious experience of fear and anxiety

We will briefly examine the implication of a multi-dimensional and multi-level view of evolution for addressing the role and function of survival circuits in the context of human cognition, and the underlying emotional, memory, and behavioral processes both impact. It is our contention that human cognition can partially direct and channel these more ancient neurobiological regulatory systems. We argue that while survival circuits can be helpful or hurtful to human functioning, they are particularly likely to be problematic when they occur in the context of cognitive processes that have become automatic and well-practiced, and thus beyond normal conscious processes of cognitive control. Psychotherapy can be of help in increasing access to such ‘unconscious’ process, reducing their automatic impact, and allowing human goals and values to over-ride maladaptive processes engaged by survival circuits.
Bidding Strategy for Periodic Double Auctions Using Monte Carlo Tree Search

Bidding strategies for Periodic Double Auctions (PDAs) are complicated because they need to predict and plan for future auctions, which may affect the bidding strategy in the current auction. We present a general bidding strategy for PDAs based on forecasting clearing prices and using Monte Carlos Tree Search (MCTS) to plan a bidding strategy across multiple time periods. We developed a controlled simulator by isolating Power Trading Agent Competition's wholesale market to evaluate bidding strategies in a realistic PDA energy market. We show that our MCTS bidding strategy is cost effective in buying energy compared to other baseline and state-of-the-art strategies and it's performance improves with increasing number of MCTS simulations.
10 – Labor Markets

Publisher Summary The labor market is a general description of markets where labor services are bought and sold. Labor markets are important because labor provides goods and services to consumers and income to workers. The supply of labor arises from the consumer's demand for goods and services. To obtain these goods, consumers must obtain income through labor. The supply of labor depends on the tradeoff between the utility derived from the fruits of labor and the utility derived from leisure. The labor supply depends on a number of factors, such as the wage rate, taxes that reduce take-home pay, the prices of goods to be purchased, and factors that affect the utility of work and leisure. The demand for labor arises from profit-maximizing decisions by firms. Workers produce revenue for firms, but they cause cost. Revenue from labor is affected by the productivity of labor and the value of the goods produced. Government policies affect labor markets in many ways. Minimum wage laws set wages for low-income groups, taking this task away from the market and creating unemployment in the labor markets it affects. Taxes can affect demand and supply of labor, like the unemployment compensation programs.
Treatment of distal hypospadias. Comments about the MAGPI procedure.

Anterior hypospadias comprises approximately 65% of cases of hypospadias. The most common lesion in this group presents with a proximal glanular or subcoronal meatus and is amenable to a MAGPI procedure (meatal advancement and glanuloplasty) [6]. It is not surprising since we developed this technique we have found more indications for using it than others have. It is the purpose of this report to update our printed communication regarding the MAGPI
Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Following Microfracture Surgery for Osteochondritis Dissecans in a Collegiate Athlete

A 19-year-old college football wide receiver (height: 193 cm, mass: 94 kg) reported sudden onset medial pain in his right knee during practice. Diagnostic imaging revealed medial femoral condyle osteochondral defects with loose bodies and a grade I medial collateral sprain (MCL). The medical and therapeutic intervention included arthroscopic microfracture, chondroplasty, loose body removal, and a 6-month rehabilitation program that included the use of blood flow restriction therapy. Current evidence estimates a 7–11-month recovery following microfracture surgery for the management of articular cartilage lesions, with a return-to-sport rate of only 50–60%.
Classifying lung cancer stage from health care claims with a clinical algorithm or a machine-learning approach.

6589Background: Cancer stage is a critical determinant of cancer outcomes, however stage is not available in claims-based data sources used for evaluating real-world outcomes. We compare two new me...
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

The Simple View of Reading is a popular model of reading that claims that reading is the product of decoding and language, with each component uniquely predicting reading comprehension. Although researchers have argued whether the sum rather than the product of the components is the better predictor, no researchers have partitioned the variance explained to examine the extent to which the components share variance in predicting reading. To decompose the variance, we subtract the R2 for the language-only model from the full model to obtain the unique R2 for decoding. Second, we subtract the R2 for the decoding-only model from the full model to obtain the unique R2 for language. Third, to obtain the common variance explained by language and decoding, we subtract the sum of the two unique R2 from the R2 for the full model. The method is demonstrated in a regression approach with data from students in grades 1 (n = 372), 6 (n = 309), and 10 (n = 122) using an observed measure of language (receptive vocabulary), decoding (timed word reading), and reading comprehension (standardized test). Results reveal a relatively large amount of variance in reading comprehension explained in grade 1 by the common variance in decoding and language. By grade 10, however, it is the unique effect of language and the common effect of language and decoding that explained the majority of variance in reading comprehension. Results are discussed in the context of an expanded version of the Simple View of Reading that considers unique and shared effects of language and decoding in predicting reading comprehension.
Cross-Document Narrative Alignment of Environmental News: A Position Paper on the Challenge of Using Event Chains to Proxy Narrative Features

Cross-document event chain co-referencing in corpora of news articles would achieve increased precision and generalizability from a method that consistently recognizes narrative, discursive, and phenomenological features such as tense, mood, tone, canonicity and breach, person, hermeneutic composability, speed, and time. Current models that capture primarily linguistic data such as entities, times, and relations or causal relationships may only incidentally capture narrative framing features of events. That limits efforts at narrative and event chain segmentation, among other predicate tasks for narrative search and narrative-based reasoning. It further limits research on audience engagement with journalism about complex subjects. This position paper explores the above proposition with respect to narrative theory and ongoing research on segmenting event chains into narrative units. Our own work in progress approaches this task using event segmentation, word embeddings, and variable length pattern matching in a corpus of 2,000 articles describing environmental events. Our position is that narrative features may or may not be implicitly captured by current methods explicitly focused on events as linguistic phenomena, that they are not explicitly captured, and that further research is required.
Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season of 1971

Abstract The 1971 season was characterized by recurrent and persistent patterns of activity. A record 12 hurricanes and six tropical storms were counted. Satellite pictures and ship reports provided most of the clues to developing storms. U.S. Air Force Weather Reconnaissance provided most of the location, intensity, and structure information after development was underway. Several of the hurricanes and storms rate special attention: Agatha, a small violent May hurricane, hit the village of Playa Azul, Mexico; Bridget did $40 million damage at Acapulco, Mexico; Denise, Francene, Olivia, and Priscilla had reported surface winds of 100 kt or more; Monica was described by reconnaissance (which could not penetrate) as the strongest ever seen in the area; Katrina was an elusive ministorm that caused floods at Los Mochis, Mexico; Lily, a violent, recurving hurricane, took 12 lives in Mexico and caught several ships in her hurricane-force winds; and Olivia had an earlier existence as Caribbean hurricane Irene.
Minimal mortality and rapid recovery of the dominant shrub Larrea tridentata following an extreme cold event in the northern Chihuahuan Desert

QUESTIONS: Woody encroachment into grasslands is a worldwide phenomenon partially influenced by climate change, including extreme weather events. Larrea tridentata is a common shrub throughout the warm deserts of North America that has encroached into grasslands over the past 150 years. Physiological measurements suggest that the northern distribution of L. tridentata is limited by cold temperatures; thus extreme winter events may slow or reverse shrub expansion. We tested this limitation by measuring the response of individual L. tridentata shrubs to an extreme winter cold (−31°C) event to assess shrub mortality and rate of recovery of surviving shrubs. LOCATION: Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, New Mexico, USA. METHODS: Canopy dieback and recovery following an extreme cold event were measured for 869 permanently marked individual L. tridentata shrubs in grass–shrub ecotone and shrubland sites. Individual shrubs were monitored for amount of canopy dieback, rate of recovery, and seed set for three growing seasons after the freeze event. RESULTS: Shrubs rapidly suffered a nearly complete loss of canopy leaf area across all sites. Although canopy loss was high, mortality was low and 99% of shrubs resprouted during the first growing season after the freeze event. Regrowth rates were similar within ecotone and shrubland sites, even when damage by frost was larger in the latter. After three years of recovery, L. tridentata canopies had regrown on average 23–83% of the original pre‐freeze canopy sizes across the sites. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that isolated extreme cold events may temporarily decrease shrubland biomass but they do not slow or reverse shrub expansion. These events are less likely to occur in the future as regional temperatures increase under climate change.
Representing Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Interactions in the E3SM Land Model: Development and Global Benchmarking

Author(s): Zhu, Q; Riley, WJ; Tang, J; Collier, N; Hoffman, FM; Yang, X; Bisht, G | Abstract: Over the past several decades, the land modeling community has recognized the importance of nutrient regulation on the global terrestrial carbon cycle. Implementations of nutrient limitation in land models are diverse, varying from applying simple empirical down-regulation of potential gross primary productivity under nutrient deficit conditions to more mechanistic treatments. In this study, we introduce a new approach to model multinutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) limitations in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model version 1 (ELMv1-ECA). The development is grounded on (1) advances in representing multiple-consumer, multiple-nutrient competition; (2) a generic dynamic allocation scheme based on water, N, P, and light availability; (3) flexible plant CNP stoichiometry; (4) prognostic treatment of N and P constraints on several carbon cycle processes; and (5) global data sets of plant physiological traits. Through benchmarking the model against best knowledge of global plant and soil carbon pools and fluxes, we show that our implementation of nutrient constraints on the present-day carbon cycle is robust at the global scale. Compared with predecessor versions, ELMv1-ECA better predicts global-scale gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, leaf area index, vegetation biomass, soil carbon stocks, evapotranspiration, N2O emissions, and NO3- leaching. Factorial experiments indicate that representing the phosphorus cycle improves modeled carbon fluxes, while considering dynamic allocation improves modeled carbon stock density. We also highlight the value of using the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) package to evaluate and document performance during model development.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Totalis: Changing the Conversation

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major source of morbidity and mortality amongst neonates. Many patients are successfully managed medically while others require surgical intervention. For some, the bowel injury can be devastating resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Approximately 10% of patients will develop NEC totalis (NEC-T), which is a rapidly progressive form of NEC involving most if not the entire bowel. Historically, NEC-T has been considered a “lethal” disease with nearly 100% mortality, and thus it has been common practice for medical providers to offer only comfort …
Discus Bowling: A Lead-up Activity to Teaching Field Events to Elementary-age Children

Teachers interested in providing new activities in an elementary curriculum balance two important issues and these are relevant to introducing the discus in the bowling activity described later. Fi...