cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PSR electron cloud detector and suppressor mechanical design and fabrication

In order to better understand the two stream e-p instability issue in the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring (PSR), a new diagnostic instrument has been developed to measure the electron cloud formation and trapping in a quadrupole magnet at the LANSCE PSR. The device called the Electron Cloud Detector (ECD) was fabricated and has successfully been installed in the PSR. Along with the Electron Cloud Detector, an additional device was developed to manipulate electrons ejected from the quadrupole and allow additional information to be obtained from ECD measurements. This paper will discuss the mechanical design and fabrication issues encountered during the course of developing both devices.
Enzymatic Activation and Binding of Adriamycin to Nuclear DNA

Rat liver microsomal activation of the anthracycline antitumor drug, Adriamycin, in the presence of reduced pyridine nucleotide under anaerobic conditions produces reactive species that bind covalently to cellular macromolecules including DNA. Since the nuclear membrane contains enzymes capable of activating Adriamycin, we have examined activation of Adriamycin by isolated nuclei. The anaerobic incubation of Adriamycin with rat hepatic nuclei resulted in the formation of the Adriamycin semiquinone free radical. Moreover, this activation resulted in the covalent binding of Adriamycin to nuclear DNA. The binding of Adriamycin to DNA was reduced pyridine nucleotide and time dependent and was significantly decreased in the presence of reduced glutathione or ethylxanthate . Dicumerol , an inhibitor of DT-diaphorase, in contrast, had no effect on this binding. When the incubation was carried out in the presence of oxygen, no semiquinone radical was detected; however, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were readily detected by a spin-trapping technique. Furthermore, little binding of Adriamycin to nuclear DNA was observed under aerobic conditions. These observations suggest that the nuclear activation and covalent binding of Adriamycin to DNA may be important in the biochemical actions of this drug.
Androgen Receptor Expression and Cellular Proliferation During Transition from Androgen-Dependent to Recurrent Growth after Castration in the CWR22 Prostate Cancer Xenograft

Androgen receptor expression was analyzed in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft model to better understand its role in prostate cancer recurrence after castration. In androgen-dependent tumors, 98.5% of tumor cell nuclei expressed androgen receptor with a mean optical density of 0.26 ± 0.01. On day 2 after castration androgen deprivation decreased immunostained cells to 2% that stained weakly (mean optical density, 0.16 ± 0.08). Cellular proliferation measured using Ki-67 revealed
Characterizing high performance composite processability with dynamic fiber wettability measurements

Dynamic fiber wettability measurements are performed on T-300 carbon and Teflon fibers immersed in hexa methyl disiloxane (HMDS) silicone oil and a difunctional liquid epoxy resin, neopentyl diglycidyl ether (NPDGE). Specifically, four types of these carbon fibers, which are used to reinforce high performance composites, are studied. Decreases in the wetting force are observed for progressive immersions of all carbon fibers in the silicone oil but not observed with Teflon fibers, indicating adsorption may be occurring on the carbon surface. Perimeters determined from these wetting measurements on carbon fibers are larger than those calculated, assuming the fibers to be smooth cylinders. Scanning electron micrographs suggest this difference is attributable to surface crenulations. All carbon fibers immersed in the epoxy resin show non-zero contact angles.
A theory of data race detection

This paper presents a rigorous mathematical theory for the detection of data races in threaded programs. After creating a structure with precise definitions and theorems, it goes on to develop four algorithms with the goal of detecting at least one race in the situation where the history kept on previous memory accesses is limited. The algorithms demonstrate the tradeoff between the amount of access history kept and the kinds of data races that can be detected. One of these algorithms is a reformulation of a previously known algorithm; the other three are new. One of the new ones is actually used in the tool called Intel® Thread Checker.
Going Beyond Google Again: Strategies for Using and Teaching the Invisible Web

GOING BEYOND GOOGLE AGAIN: STRATEGIES FOR USING AND TEACHING THE INVISIBLE WEB. Devine, J., Egger-Sider, F. Chicago: Neal-Schuman: An Imprint of the American Library Association, 2014, 180 pp., $68...
CONTINUOUS ION-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM FOR ACID / SUGAR SEPARATION

ABSTRACT A simulated moving bed ion exclusion chromatography system was constructed for the continuous separation of the components in an aqueous feed solution of sucrose and sulfuric acid. A system of 18 columns was arrayed about a central manifold system. Each column was packed with approximately 820 mL of porous cationic exchange resin. The system was designed for the flexibility to use fluid recycle loops and unrestricted placement of all inlet and outlet streams. Monitoring and control functions were performed using a Camile 2000 process controller integrated with a custom-built control computer. The aqueous feed solution, usually containing 10 wt.% sucrose and 10 wt.% sulfuric acid, was generally introduced into the system at a rate of roughly 2 L/hr. Approximately 4 L/hr of water was used to elute materials through the separation system. After optimization, the separation system allowed greater than 95% recovery of the feed sucrose in an exit stream containing 8.8 wt.% sucrose and 98% recovery of t...
Satellite-Based Imagery Techniques for Daytime Cloud/Snow Delineation from MODIS.

Abstract This paper presents two multispectral enhancement techniques for distinguishing between regions of cloud and snow cover using optical spectrum passive radiometer satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Fundamental to the techniques are the 1.6- and 2.2-μm shortwave infrared bands that are useful in distinguishing between absorbing snow cover (having low reflectance) and less absorbing liquid-phase clouds (higher reflectance). The 1.38-μm band helps to overcome ambiguities that arise in the case of optically thin cirrus. Designed to provide straightforward, stand-alone environmental characterization for operational forecasters (e.g., military weather forecasters in the context of mission planning), these products portray the information that is contained within complex scenes as value-added, readily interpretable imagery at the highest available spatial resolution. Their utility in scene characterization and quality control of digital snow maps is dem...
Minerals and extremely low birth weight infants

The 80% of bone mineralisation occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. The daily fetal requirement is 310 mg of calcium and 170 mg of phosphorus[1]. The bone mineral density (BMD) correlates positively with gestational age, weight and length[2]. At birth, extremely premature infants (ELBWI)canpresent hypocalcaemiabecause of interruption of the maternal calcium supply, high level of calcitoninand immature response to PTH. Early parenteral nutrition solutionisnecessary to maintain normal serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Indeed, the exclusive use of dextrose and calcium gluconate leads to thehypophosphatemia, deleterious to intermediary metabolism, intracellular energy transfer and bone mineral homeostasis[3]. The ELBWI are at risk of Osteopenia of prematurity, also known as neonatal metabolic bone disease (MBD). The pathophysiology includesreduction in organic protein matrix (osteopenia) and/or a reduction in mineral component (osteomalacia). MBD causes rickets, fractures and may affect growth in infancy and childhood. The structural basis of osteopenia is decreased thickness or number of trabeculae and/or decreased thickness of the bone cortex. Osteomalaciais a disorder of the physiological process of mineralisation, when the incorporation of mineral into the organic bone matrix is disturbed, whereas “rickets” describes defective mineralisation of growth plate cartilage and its morphological consequences[4]. The ethiology is multifactorial: placental dysfunction, prolonged (>4 weeks) parenteral nutrition, diureticsand steroids treatment, immobilization and inadequate nutrient intake of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D[5]. The main ethiology factor is deficit of mineral substrates, whereas the critical factor is lack of phosphorus[4]. It should be needed an adequate mineral supplementation with parenteral and enteral nutrition, although the difficulties to fortify appropriately the human milk. The dosage recommended of vitamin D is between, 400 IU/d (AAP) and 1000 IU/d (ESPGHAN)[6]. Moreover hypotonia and immobilization are an additional risk factors [7], daily passive exercise canimproves the bone mineral content [8]. MBD could be detected by X-Ray, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or quantitative ultrasound. The serumdiagnostic markers are alkaline phosphatases, calcium and phosphateserum levels. Preterm infants with low serum phosphate (<2 mmol/l) are at risk of MBD and levels less than 1.8 mmol/l have been strongly associated with the presence of radiographically evident rickets. Because of preterm has a much lower renal phosphate threshold and this is not bound in the plasma like calcium, the tubular reabsorption is the best guide to calculate itssupplementation[8].
Advances in diamond generating for 8.4 meter telescope mirrors

The Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab is in the process of fabricating 8.4 meter mirror segments for the Giant Magellan Telescope. Seven of the segments are off-axis with 14 mm of aspheric departure. In order to successfully fabricate these mirrors we are constantly taking steps towards faster, more deterministic methods, from diamond generating to stressed lap polishing. The Large Optical Generator (LOG) is celebrating its 30-year anniversary at the University of Arizona with a complement of technological updates and enhancements. This paper shows how some of these upgrades will aid in the manufacture of the GMT segments.
Cell-Instructive Graphene-Containing Nanocomposites Induce Multinucleated Myotube Formation

Myoblast differentiation is a key step in myogenesis and has long been considered to be controlled mainly by biochemical cues such as growth factors. However, the tissue engineering approaches based on biochemical cues demonstrate low reproducibility as a precise spatial control over their bioactivity is challenging. Recently, substrate micro/nano-structure and electro-responsive properties are recognized for their important roles in myoblast differentiation. In this study, we hypothesized that engineering biophysical features such as nano/micro-fibrous structure and conductive properties into a single biomaterial scaffold will instruct the myoblasts to differentiate into multinucleated myotubes even in the absence of differentiation media. We fabricated nanocomposite scaffolds composed of conductive graphene nanosheets and polycaprolactone (PCL), a widely used biocompatible material. The resulting graphene-PCL scaffolds possess excellent conductivity due to graphene nanosheets and great processability, biodegradability and elastic mechanical properties conferred by PCL. Additionally, physicochemical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite scaffolds can be tuned by varying graphene concentration. Further, graphene-PCL nanocomposites and their 8-week degradation products exhibited remarkable cytocompatibility and promoted adhesion and proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblast cells. Importantly, these nanocomposite scaffolds induced graphene concentration-dependent differentiation of C2C12 cells into multinucleated myotubes even in normal growth media suggesting their cell-instructive potential. Thus, graphene-PCL nanocomposite scaffolds can serve as a strategy to promote skeletal muscle regeneration without biochemical cues.
Synthesis and Structural Features of the Gallium Phosphonate Cluster tBu7Ga3P3O8(OH)

Characterization of the cluster tBu7Ga3P3O8(OH) (1) by X-ray crystallography reveals a structure that differs significantly from previously synthesized gallium phosphonates due to the boat configuration of its central Ga2P2O4 ring. This configuration is confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
MicroRNA alterations associated with BRAF status in melanoma.

8565 Background: We hypothesize that BRAF mutations result in microRNA (miRNA) alterations which contribute to orchestrating the mutant BRAF’s oncogenic effects in melanoma. Our study is the first ...
Application and evaluation of children immunization information management system (CIIMS) for the statistics of the immunization coverage

Objective To explore the feasibility of immunization coverage for the county by using Children Immunization Information Management System(CIIMS).Methods In the survey county,the coverage of the national expanded program on immunization(NEPI) was collected by CIIMS,comparing with the probability proportional to size(PPS)survey.Results By CIIMS,3 264 targeted children(1-year-old) and 3 205 targeted children(2-year-old) were observed.Using PPS,420 children were surveyed,including 210 targeted children of 1-year-old and 2-year-old.Two methods tested by chi-square showed that in one-year age group,the vaccine coverage had significant difference(P 0.05)on the second dose of HepB(hepatitis B vaccine),the first dose of DPT(diphtheria,pertussis and tetanus combined vaccine),the first dose of MCV(measles-containing vaccine);in two-year age group,the vaccine coverage had significant difference(P 0.05)on the third dose of HepB,the third dose of DPT,the second dose of MCV,the first and the second dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine.There was no statistical difference in the rest of the vaccine.Conclusion Estimating vaccination rates by CIIMS is quick and accurate,it could be used to evaluate immunization program.
Reducing Blood Glucose Effect of Jiangtang Granula in Diabetic Rats Induced by STZ

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Jiangtang Granula on blood glucose in diabetic rats and its mechanism. MethodsThe DM rat model was established by feeding high-energy forage combined with the injection of small-dose STZ.According to blood glucose,the rats of T2DM model were divided into model group,Jiangtang Granula low dose group,Jiangtang Granula middle dose group,Jiangtang Granula high dose group.Meanwhile,there are normal group,western medicine comparison group and Chinese herb medicine comparison group.The changes of the levels of blood glucose,hemoglobin-A1c,insulin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein were observed to study the effect and the mechanism on reducing blood glucose of Jiangtang Granula. ResultsCompared with diabetic control group,Jiangtang Granula groups significantly decreased fasting blood glucose,hemoglobin-A1c,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein,increased insulin and high density lipoprotein. ConclusionJiangtang Granula has obvious effect of decreasing blood glucose level in diabetic rats and the mechanism may be related with increasing insulin level.
Statement on guidelines for total parenteral nutrition

This is one of a series of clinical guidelines. They represent a consensus statement dealing with optimum patient care in significant clinical areas. The statement has been prepared by the Patient Care Committee, with the advice of other experts and with peer review. As with all such guidelines, they should be interpreted in a nondogmatic manner, so as not to exclude other therapies or opinions in any particular situation. Based on present knowledge, limited at times, future modifications or other changes in these guidelines may be necessary.
Disentangling the relative effect of light pollution, impervious surfaces and intensive agriculture on bat activity with a national-scale monitoring program

Light pollution is a global change affecting a major proportion of global land surface. Although the impacts of Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) have been documented locally for many taxa, the extent of effect of ALAN at a landscape scale on biodiversity is unknown. We characterized the landscape-scale impacts of ALAN on 4 insectivorous bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Pipistrellus kuhlii, Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus leisleri, and compared the extent of their effects to other major land-use pressures. We used a French national-scale monitoring program recording bat activity among 2-km car transect surveys, and extracted landscape characteristics around transects with satellite and land cover layers. For each species, we performed multi-model averaging at 4 landscape scales (from 200 to 1000 m buffers around transects) to compare the relative effects of the average radiance, the proportion of impervious surface and the proportion of intensive agriculture. For all species, ALAN had a stronger negative effect than impervious surface at the 4 landscape scales tested. This effect was weaker than the effect of intensive agriculture. The negative effect of ALAN was significant for P. pipistrellus, P. kuhlii and E. serotinus, but not for N. leisleri. The effect of impervious surface varied among species while intensive agriculture had a significant negative effect on the 4 species. Our results highlight the need to consider the impacts of ALAN on biodiversity in land-use planning and suggest that using only impervious surface as a proxy for urbanization may lead to underestimated impacts on biodiversity.
Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Organic Acids in Aqueous Media

The transition from today’s fossil-based economy to a sustainable economy based on renewable biomass is driven by the concern of climate change and anticipation of dwindling fossil resources. Although biofuels are the central theme of the transition, biomass resources cannot completely replace petroleum. It is projected that biofuels can only supply up to 30 % of today’s transportation fuel market even if all available domestic biomass resources are used for the production of liquid fuels. Therefore, transformation of biomass into high-value-added chemicals is advantageous to secure optimal use of the abundant, but limited, biomass resources from the economical and ecological perspective. Industry is increasingly considering bio-based chemical production as an attractive area for investment. The potential for chemical and polymer production from biomass is substantial. The US Department of Energy recently issued a report which listed 12 chemical building blocks considered as potential building blocks for the future. Organic acids (e.g., succinic, lactic, levulinic acid, etc.) are among the widely spread “platform-molecules,” which may be further converted into possibly derivable high-value-added chemicals. The transition from a fossil chemical industry to a renewable chemical industry will likewise depend on our ability to focus research and development efforts on the most promising alternatives. In this chapter, we review the emerging technologies on catalytic conversion of biomass to value-added organic acids in aqueous media.
Map location literacy—How well does Johnny Geologist read?: Discussion and reply Discussion

No Abstract Available. The article discussed appeared in the Bulletin , v. 97, p. 404–409.
Cement-within-cement technique in revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the complications and results of cement-within cement-humeral fixation in revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Methods In 38 shoulders, a cemented humeral component was revised to a cemented reverse humeral component using a cement-within-cement technique. The mean follow-up time was 3.7 (2.0-7.0) years. Clinical, radiologic, and hard outcomes were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival method, Fisher exact test, and Student t -test. Results The average operative time for the cement-within-cement technique was 153 minutes. There were 7 (18%) nondisplaced intraoperative fractures involving the greater tuberosity that occurred on implant removal; all healed at last follow-up. A second revision surgery was performed in 3 (8%) patients who underwent cement-in-cement humeral component revision for glenoid loosening (n = 1), periprosthetic instability associated with glenoid loosening (n = 1), and periprosthetic humerus fracture (n = 1). The overall implant revision-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 95% and 91%, respectively. Patients experienced significant pain relief, improvements in their shoulder range of motion, and high satisfaction. There was 1 "at-risk" humeral component (grade 4 or higher humeral lucency, moderate subsidence) that did not undergo revision surgery. There were 2 other humeral components with grade 3 humeral lucency, no subsidence. Conclusions Cement-within-cement fixation of the humeral component in revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty is associated with a reasonable operative time, good medium-term survival rates, and good pain relief and functional outcomes with low complications. This technique is an important consideration to preserve humeral bone stock and potentially humeral component and implant stability.
The lecture and the learning paradigm

In a recent essay entitled, “The Problem of Learning in Higher Education,” Bass (2012) argues that the shift from an instructional to a learning paradigm is in full motion. Bass writes that in the ...
Nonlinear Optical Polarization Analysis in Chemistry and Biology

This rigorous yet accessible guide presents a molecular-based description of nonlinear optical polarization analysis of chemical and biological assemblies. It includes discussion of the most common nonlinear optical microscopy and interfacial measurements used for quantitative analysis, specifically second harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF), vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG), and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy/stimulated Raman spectroscopy (CARS/SRS). A linear algebra mathematical framework is developed, allowing step-wise systematic connections to be made between the observable measurements and the molecular response. Effects considered include local field corrections, the molecular orientation distribution, rotations between the molecular frame, the local frame and the laboratory frame, and simplifications from molecular and macromolecular symmetry. Specific examples are provided throughout the book, working from the common and relatively simple case studies through to the most general scenarios.
A Maladaptive Combination Of Traits Contributes To The Maintenance Of A Stable Hybrid Zone Between Two Divergent Species Of Drosophila

Geographical areas where two species come into contact and hybridize serve as natural laboratories for assessing mechanisms that limit gene flow between species. The ranges of about half of all closely related Drosophila species overlap, and the genomes of several pairs reveal signatures of past introgression. However, only two contemporary hybrid zones have been characterized in the genus, and both are recently diverged sister species ( D. simulans-D. sechellia , Ks = 0.05; D. yakuba-D. santomea , Ks = 0.048). Here we present evidence of a new hybrid zone, and the ecological mechanisms that maintain it, between two highly divergent Drosophila species (Ks = 0.11). On the island of Bioko in west Africa, D. teissieri occupies mostly forests, D. yakuba occupies mostly open agricultural areas, and recently, we discovered that hybrids between these species occur near the interface of these habitats. Genome sequencing revealed that all field-sampled hybrids are F1 progeny of D. yakuba females and D. teissieri males. We found no evidence for either advanced-generation hybrids or F1 hybrids produced by D. teissieri females and D. yakuba males. The lack of advanced-generation hybrids on Bioko is consistent with mark-recapture and laboratory experiments that we conducted, which indicate hybrids have a maladaptive combination of traits. Like D. yakuba , hybrids behaviorally prefer open habitat that is relatively warm and dry, but like D. teissieri , hybrids have low desiccation tolerance, which we predict leaves them physiologically ill-equipped to cope with their preferred habitat. These observations are consistent with recent findings of limited introgression in the D. yakuba clade and identify an ecological mechanism for limiting gene flow between D. yakuba and D. teissieri ; namely, selection against hybrids that we have documented, in combination with hybrid male sterility, contributes to the maintenance of this narrow (~30m), stable hybrid zone centered on the forest-open habitat ecotone. Our results show how a deleterious combination of parental traits can result in unfit or maladapted hybrids.
Improved radical stability of viologen anolytes in aqueous organic redox flow batteries

A high voltage (1.38 V) total organic aqueous redox flow battery is reported using 1,1'-bis[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-4,4'-bipyridinium tetrachloride ((NPr)2V) as an anolyte and 4-trimethylammonium-TEMPO chloride (NMe-TEMPO) as a catholyte. The exceptional radical stability of [(NPr)2V]+˙ enabled the flow battery in achieving 97.48% capacity retention for 500 cycles and a power density of 128.2 mW cm-2.
A career in academia? Determinants of academic career aspirations among PhD students in one research university in the US

In the declining academic job market—with fewer tenured and tenure-track posts and an increased use of part-time faculty coupled with constant high attrition rates in doctoral education in the United States—the quality and value of graduate education have recently come under scrutiny. Most of the literature on graduate education focuses on doctoral training and socialization experiences, identifies factors that contribute to students’ degree completion, and illuminates what demographic characteristics may complicate the process of graduate education. While a growing body of research has documented the variations in graduate student socialization by department, academic discipline, and institutional and organizational contexts—and critiqued a monolithic treatment of doctoral education—few studies look at the relationship between doctoral training and career development. This study integrates doctoral socialization, role identity, and competence development into a conceptual model for examining factors that influence doctoral students’ intent to choose an academic career. Based on the data analysis of a sample of 316 doctoral students in a public, research-oriented U.S. university, we provide a discussion of key factors identified as important to doctoral students’ career aspirations and conclude with implications for practice and future research.
Design for Manufacturability via Agent Interaction

We describe an approach for making the capability of manufacturing processes manifest to designers starting with the earliest stages of geometry specification. The approach involves a dialogue among design and manufacturing agents over the Internet. The dialogue focuses on the specification and exchange of process capability models for establishing “design rules on-demand” to ensure manufacturability. The models include both declarative knowledge and, for those aspects of the process that are difficult to represent declarati vely, platform-independent procedural code which is automatically loaded onto the designers’ machines. The approach is being implemented using agents, written in the Java 2 language, which exchange feature-based capability models. The approach is being tested initially on machining and shape-deposition processes.
Church Space, State Space: Nonprofit Sector Regimes in Social Services, Healthcare, and Education in Europe, the United States, and Australia

One of the most fascinating puzzles of comparative politics is why the extent of the modern state’s reach into core areas of public policy varies so wildly. This paper suggests a preliminary explanation of the size of the nonprofit provision in the areas of social services, health care, and education, and the share of government funding in these sectors’ total revenue in Europe, the United States, and Australia. The larger a space the churches secured for religious provision in the 19th century, the larger is the nonprofit sector today. The longer and fiercer they fought, the more generous is contemporary public funding. There are four patterns: In the Lutheran countries the churches did not mobilize against the state, and the nonprofit sector is small and largely financed by the government. In Catholic countries with minimal state-church conflict the nonprofit sector is small and government funding levels are low. In Catholic countries with massive state-church conflict the nonprofit sector is large and government funding is high. The Reformed Protestant countries are all mixed-denominational, with a significant Catholic minority. In these countries the outcomes depend on whether the churches created a cross-confessional coalition or not. If a cross-confessional coalition emerged, the nonprofit sector is large and generously financed by the government. If a cross-confessional coalition did not materialize, the nonprofit sector is large and the government funding level is low.
Image Quality Enhancement Using Machine Learning

In this paper, we are proposing an image quality enhancement technique for surveillance cameras. In this technique, we use high-resolution reference images to train a neural network that will be used to improve the quality of low-resolution images. This process is used in the frequency domain using the discrete cosine transform. The method was proven to improve image quality by almost 20%.
2003 Mixed meal effects of neprilysin inhibition

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Test the hypothesis that neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan will increase endogenous intact GLP-1 after a mixed meal compared with valsartan. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Adults 18–80 years with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes and elevated blood pressure. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate higher intact GLP-1 area under the cure after the meal when subjects receive sacubitril/valsartan compared with valsartan. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Neprilysin inhibition may be a target for anti-diabetes therapy by decreasing degradation of GLP-1.
Exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on subjective memory complaints.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between exercise and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness on subjective memory complaints in young adults. Four-hundred and 64 young adult co...
Abstract IA18: Evolution of acquired resistance in EGFR mutant NSCLC

Lung cancers harboring activating EGFR mutations are exquisitely sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors; however, acquired drug resistance inevitably develops. Although genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance have been well characterized, less is known about how resistant clones evolve during treatment. Emerging data are beginning to illuminate the complex interplay of genetic clonal heterogeneity, adaptive signaling changes, epigenetic plasticity, and microenvironment factors that shapes the evolution of acquired resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies that specifically target these processes may prevent or delay the development of drug resistance. Citation Format: Aaron N. Hata. Evolution of acquired resistance in EGFR mutant NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
The Dyadic Communicative Resilience Scale (DCRS): scale development, reliability, and validity

There has yet to be a quantitative measurement of communicative resilience processes as outlined in the Communicative Theory of Resilience (CTR). This study aims to determine the structure, reliability, and validity of the Dyadic Communicative Resilience Scale (DCRS) in cancer patients and partners. The DCRS was administered to 584 participants, including 312 cancer patients and 272 partners of cancer patients along with the common coping subscale of the dyadic coping inventory, the cancer-related communication problems with couples scale, and the resilience promoting scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed nine dimensions of dyadic communicative resilience within the five resilience processes outlined in the CTR. Structure reliability was shown with Cronbach’s alphas between .77 and .88 and good to excellent model fit for the nine factors. Convergent and discriminant validities were demonstrated by significant Pearson correlations with relevant, established coping/resilience measures. The DCRS has a clear nine factor structure and demonstrates good reliability. The measure has good convergent and discriminate validity indicating its utility in future research examining resilience in cancer populations.
Bacterial Conjugation as a Framework for the Homogenization of Tactics in Mexican Organized Crime

This article posits a competitive bacterial ecology as a framework for Mexican drug trafficking with a novel focus on bacterial conjugation (one type of horizontal gene transmission) to explain tac...
Exploiting Wavelength Division Multiplexing for Optical Logic Synthesis

Photonic integrated circuit (PIC), as a promising alternative to traditional CMOS circuit, has demonstrated the potential to accomplish on-chip optical interconnects and computations in ultra-high speed and/or low power consumption. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is widely used in optical communication for enabling multiple signals being processed and transferred independently. In this work, we apply WDM to optical logic PIC synthesis to reduce the PIC area.
Controlling crystal growth of non-toxic Bismuth iodide (BiI3) semiconducting material for efficient photovoltaics

High absorption coefficient, suitable band gap, and high electron mobility makes non-toxic 2D bismuth iodide (BiI3) a promising alternative to efficient, toxic perovskites and inorganic solar cells containing lead (Pb). In this work, we successfully synthesized, controlled, and optimized the crystal orientation of BiI3 crystals grown directly on a transparent conductive substrate using a custom-built close space sublimation (CSS) method. Morphology characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the controlled morphology of BiI3 crystals. Record photoexcited carrier lifetime of 0.6 ns was characterized by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy for the optimized vertical BiI3 crystals. The photoluminescence confirmed the band gap of the BiI3 film to be 1.82 ev which is a suitable band gap for photovoltaic application. The optimized vertical BiI3 crystals device showed a power conversion efficiency of 0.6% due to the fact that the optimized vertically oriented crystals allowed us to harness the high in-plane electron mobility of BiI3. Higher efficiencies can be obtained by further optimizing the electron and hole transport layers in our PV device. This work paves the way for controlling the orientation and morphology of BiI3 for efficient solar cells by using a facile, scalable, and transfer-free CSS method.
Study on Insulation Characteristics of Oil Impregnated Paper Bushings under Long-term Electrothermal Combined Test

Oil Impregnated Paper (OIP) bushing is widely used in power transformers, and its performance can directly affect the safety of transformer. In order to study the defect development process and the rule of insulation degradation of OIP bushing, some typical defects such as bubbles in oil, edge tip on plate, plate deviation, moisture intrusion and diffusion are simulated in 72.5kV OIP bushing samples. The samples are installed in tanks filled with 60°C oil and energed by voltage and current simultaneously for a long-term in a combined test platform. Insulation resistance(R), the dielectric loss factor ( $\tan\delta$ ), capacitance(C), Frequency-domain Dielectric Spectroscopy (FDS) and Partial Discharge (PD) of these bushings are tested and analyzed. Test results indicated that the $\text{tan}\ \delta$ and capacitance are sensitive to the damp defects of the bushing. The process of moisture diffusion inside the bushing can be analyzed by $\text{tan}\ \delta-\mathrm{f}$ curve and C-f curve. The frequency band in T-F diagram of partial discharge can be used to diagnose defects such as tips on the condenser plate and bubbles in oil. With the electro thermal test time increases, the defect of bushing will cause insulation degradation such as R decreasing and $\tan\delta$ increasing. And the degradation rate of bushing with bubbles in oil is relatively gentle. The insulation performance of the bushing with edge tip on plate will stabilize for a certain period of time before the cumulative effect reaches to a certain level, and the degree of degradation increases step by step. To the plate deviation defect bushing, the early stabilization time is longer, but the degradation trend is similar to that of the edge tip on plate defect once degradation occurs. The results are useful to formulate more rational evaluation index and effective maintenance strategy for OIP bushings.
Islamic Feminism and Invisible Work: The Case of the Disappearing Daughter-In-Law

Elder care is increasingly important in every society. In most of the world, a female relative performs elder care at home. Nevertheless, as wives, daughters, and daughters-in-law gain access to birth control, late marriage, education, migration, and paid labor, they become less available for unpaid and underappreciated elder caregiving. Patriarchal cultures based on multi-generational families often use daughters-in-laws as elder caregivers. When these families are Muslims, they sometimes seek out Islamic law in support of this elder care strategy. Muslims often maintain that one of Islam’s contributions to world religions is its emphasis on women’s rights; and that one of Islamic law’s great attributes is how it encourages Muslims to reject tribal practices in favor of a universal Islamic community existing under a single law. If both these claims are true, Islamic law should oppose culturally appealing local elder care practices that undercut female autonomy. This article uses modern Islamic legal pronouncements [fatwās] on the question of a daughter-in-law’s obligations to perform elder care to demonstrate that contemporary Islamic jurists support a daughter-in-law’s independence over her in-laws’ elder care needs by clearly stating that elder care is not a wife’s obligation. Nevertheless, the article also shows that the fatwās create a situation where a wife’s elder caregiving becomes her husband’s benefit. Thus, in addition to declaring a wife’s autonomy, the fatwās also bind daughters-in-law in a way that transforms their work into their husband’s contribution. This article uses feminist theory — including Islamic feminism — to explain how the fatwās follow predictable patterns for the protection of patriarchy. Feminist theory introduces the concept of invisible labor that many societies employ to avoid acknowledging women’s work. Islamic feminism then adds the particular insight that religious elites distort religious law in favor of those cultural norms that support patriarchy. In short, Islamic law as written proclaims female autonomy and yet, as interpreted, makes women’s work invisible.
In defence of representation

The ‘ontological turn’ in the social sciences is premised on the critique of representation. In this essay, I defend representation against some of the major criticisms advanced in archaeology. In ...
Exploring the Interrelationships of Art and Geology through a Course Module on European Ice Age Cave Art

The theme of European ice age cave art is one that is well suited for art-and-science and art-and-geology courses, offering a wealth of topics that illustrate the interdisciplinary connections between art and the earth sciences. Among these are the origins of caves, the nature of ice ages, the authentification and dating of cave paintings, the scientific method and the nature of scientific hypotheses, the elements and principles of art and their presence (or absence) in cave art, and human evolution and the origins of creativity. In this article, we examine these and several other such topics as they relate to the theme of Paleolithic cave art. We also propose student and class activities that might be developed for an art and geology course, including some that we have utilized in our own course. Our aim is to provide an overview of key concepts and resources such that interested geoscience and/or art faculty will have sufficient information to adapt or develop a module or activity appropriate for their ...
On Ends and Means

Elizabeth Blackburn and the Story of Telomeres . Deciphering the Ends of DNA. By Catherine Brady . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2007. 412 pp. $29.95, £19.95. ISBN 9780262026222. Drawing heavily on interviews with Blackburn, her colleagues, and her students, the author provides a "life and science" that addresses approaches to carrying out groundbreaking research and working for policies that nurture such science.
Branchiomyces infection in farm‐reared channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Four cases (representing outbreaks in four different ponds on three farms) of branchial mycosis caused by Branchiomyces spp. were identified in channel catfish fry during the summer of 1996. Mortalities ranged from a few hundred to several thousand fish per pond. Significant gross and histopathological findings from these four cases were limited to the gills. All fry examined had fungal mycelia that were mainly but not entirely confined to the base of the primary lamellae and the gill arches. These fungal hyphae were intravascular and occluded vessels in the gill tissues. The present paper describes the fungal characteristics and pathology of branchial mycosis caused by Branchiomyces spp. in channel catfish.
The impact of information technology on product recalls: exploring the role of the six “Ts” of supply chain management

One of the biggest challenges in the manufacturing sector is managing product recalls. To date, few studies have explored the role of information systems in the recall process. This study presents the six Ts of global recall effectiveness as a useful framework for assessing the role of information technology (IT) in the recall process. In this study, we interview mid-level managers with supply chain management experience to capture the richness of this phenomenon. The results offer new insights into the value of IT in the recall process. This paper contributes to the literature by qualitatively assessing the six Ts framework for recall management. We highlight diverse management strategies utilised by supply chain stakeholders during the recall process. In particular, we discuss important themes that emerged from the data analysis. We conclude with a discussion of the research and practical implications.
Synaptic activity, visual experience and the maturation of retinal synaptic circuitry

A fundamental feature of the synaptic organization of retina is the laminar-specific structure, in which specific types of retinal neurons form highly selective synapses to transfer distinct synaptic signals. In mature vertebrate retina, the dendrites of most retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are narrowly stratified and ramified in specific strata of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of retina to synapse with distinct subtypes of bipolar cells (BCs). However, little is known of how retinal neurons form this laminar-specific synaptic structure during development. Recent studies showed that the formation of retinal synaptic circuitry is regulated by both gene expression and neuronal activity. Here I will briefly discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how synaptic activity modulates the maturation of RGC synaptic connections.
Analysis of the impact of Seasat scatterometer data and horizontal resolution on GLA model simulations of the QE II storm

The impact of the Seasat-A satellite scatterometer wind data and the increased horizontal resolution on the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres model predictions of the Queen Elizabeth II (QE II) storm of 9-11 September 1978 was evaluated for four different GLA model simulations of the QE II storm. It is shown that the largest impact on the simulation was caused by doubling the model's horizontal resolution from 4 deg x 5 deg to 2 deg x 2.5 deg. The increased resolution resulted in a storm track which was much closer to the one observed, with a much deeper surface development, a stronger mass circulation, stronger heating, and stronger increase of angular momentum.
Enzymatic modification of the L and M antigens in LK and HK sheep erythrocytes and their membranes : The action of neuraminidase and trypsin.

This paper reports on the effect of two hydrolytic enzymes, neuraminidase and trypsin, on the interaction of blood group L-positive low-potassium-type (LK) and blood group M-positive high-potassium-type (HK) sheep red cells with their respective isoimmune antisera. It was found that treatment of LK and HK red cells with neuraminidase did not change the interaction of these cells with their homologous antibodies as measured by K+-pump flux, complement-mediated immune hemolysis and absorption of antibody. Similarly, trypsin pretreatment of LK and HK red cells did not interfere with the hemolytic action of anti-L and anti-M antibodies, respectively. In striking contrast, however, it was observed that pretreatment of LK cells with trypsin rendered these cells insensitive to the K+-pump stimulating antibody present in the anti-L serum.
The iron complexes of bleomycin and tallysomycin.

Abstract Using uv-visible absorption, epr, electrochemistry, and 13 C nmr, the Fe(II) and Fe(III) binding sites of the antitumor antibiotics bleomycin and tallysomycin have been located. Both drugs appear to utilize the amine-pyrimidine-imidazole region for iron binding. The ligating atoms of the drugs for Fe(II) and Fe(III) are dependent for iron and the presence of buffer ions. The ligation of the pyrimidine moiety has been determined under a variety of experimental conditions and correlated with epr observation of high and low spin forms of Fe(III). The results indicate that the displacement of some of the ligating atoms does not inhibit the action of the iron-drug complex.