cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mindset, Motivation and Metaphor in School and Sport: Bifurcated Beliefs and Behavior in Two Different Achievement Domains.

The belief that a trait can be cultivated with effort, known as an incremental theory or growth mindset, promotes behavior that leads to higher levels of achievement, such as the enthusiastic embrace of challenges and resilience to obstacles. Roughly 40% of the general student population in the United States, however, conceptualizes intelligence as an innate and immutable trait, a belief that tends to inhibit motivation and learning. To better inculcate an incremental theory of intelligence, educators and psychologists should identity traits that a majority of students believe are malleable, and investigate the dynamics that facilitate optimism about their developmental potential. In service to this end, the present study illuminates a bifurcation of both belief and behavior related to student engagement in the domains of school and sport. A survey of 251 middle school students confirmed two hypotheses: individuals are significantly more likely (a) to have a growth mindset of athletic ability compared to intelligence, and (b) to exhibit mastery-oriented responses in athletic versus academic environments. The organizational infrastructure of athletic programs, which institutionalizes practice, emphasizes effort, and values the coach as a developmental expert, is thought to powerfully cultivate the idea of athletic ability as a malleable trait—and offers clues about how to design educational interventions that increase the number of students who believe intelligence is something they can improve with effort.
QCA physical design with crossing minimization

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a novel computing mechanism that can represent binary information based on spatial distribution of electron charge configuration in chemical molecules. QCA circuit layout is currently restricted to a single layer with very limited number of wire crossing permitted. Thus, wire crossing minimization is crucial in improving the manufacturability of QCA circuits. The focus of this paper is to develop the first QCA physical design algorithms for wire crossing minimization.
A comparison of reciprocal inhibition and operant conditioning in the systematic desensitization of a fear of snakes.

Abstract There is considerable evidence for the effectiveness of Wolpe's technique for the alleviation of fear by systematic desensitization with relaxation; however, the basic learning principles involved continue to be questioned. Wolpe (1958) argues that counterconditioning by reciprocal inhibition is the principal process wherein aversive stimuli are paired with the relaxation response rather than the noxious response of anxiety. An alternate theoretical approach to this process considers that integral to the systematic desensitization procedure is the relationship between the therapist (E) and his client (S). In the first treatment phase, E teaches S to relax and be relatively tension (anxiety) free. The contiguity relaxation response of the S to the presence of E can have the effect of creating a positively reinforcing situation. In the next stage, E encourages and generally uses his value as a positively reinforcing stimulus to have S relax in the presence of increasingly anxiety-provoking stimuli. Each step along the way should increase E's power as a source of social reinforcement. This might be the necessary and sufficient condition for change, with the change explained by the simpler, more straightforward theory of operant conditioning. This study compares the effectiveness of reciprocal inhibition by relaxation with a positive social reinforcement procedure in the systematic desensitization of a fear of snakes. The systematic desensitization procedure was modified to use progressive distance from a live snake instead of visual images of items on a fear hierarchy.
Impact of memory on human dynamics

Abstract Our experience of web access slowing down is a consequence of the aggregated web access pattern of web users. This is just one example among several human-oriented services which are strongly affected by human activity patterns. Recent empirical evidence is indicating that human activity patterns are characterized by power-law distributions of inter-event times, where large fluctuations rather than regularity is the common case. I show that this temporal heterogeneity can be explained by two mechanisms: (i) humans have some perception of their past activity rate and (ii) based on that they react by accelerating or reducing their activity rate. Using these two mechanisms I explain the inter-event time statistics of Darwin's and Einstein's correspondence and the email activity within an university environment. Moreover, they are typical examples of the accelerating and reducing class, respectively. These results are relevant to the system design of human-oriented services.
A naloxonazine sensitive (μ1 receptor) mechanism in the parabrachial nucleus modulates eating

Abstract The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is an area of the brain stem that controls eating and contains endogenous opioids and their receptors. Previously, we demonstrated that acute activation of μ opioid receptors (MOPR) in the lateral PBN increased food consumption. MOPRs have been divided operationally into μ1 and μ2 receptor subtypes on the basis of the ability of naloxonazine (Nlxz) to block the former but not the latter. We used autoradiography to measure whether Nlxz blocks stimulation by the μ1/μ2 agonist DAMGO (D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol-enkephalin) of the incorporation of [35S]-guanosine 5′(γ-thio)triphosphate ([35S]-GTPγS) into sections of the PBN. In vitro, Nlxz dose dependently inhibited receptor coupling in all areas of the PBN. The 1 μM concentration of Nlxz reduced stimulation by 93.1 ± 5% in the lateral inferior PBN (LPBNi) and by 90.5 ± 4% in the medial parabrachial subregion (MPBN). Administration of Nlxz directly into the LPBNi decreased both food intake and agonist stimulated coupling, ex vivo, for the 24-h period after infusion. Infusion of Nlxz into the intended area reduced food intake by 42.3% below baseline values. Nlxz infusion prevented DAMGO stimulation of G-protein coupling in LPBNi and markedly reduced this stimulation in the MPBN. The incomplete inhibition of DAMGO-stimulated coupling in the MPBN is most likely due to the limited diffusion of Nlxz from the site of infusion (LPBNi) into this brain region. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the μ1 opioid receptor subtype is present in the parabrachial nucleus of the pons and that these receptors serve to modulate feeding in rats.
Environmental Macroeconomics: Environmental Policy, Business Cycles, and Directed Technical Change

Environmental economics has traditionally fallen in the domain of microeconomics, but approaches from macroeconomics have recently been applied to studying environmental policy. We focus on two macroeconomic tools and their application to environmental economics. First, real-business-cycle models can incorporate pollution and pollution policy and can be used to answer several questions. For example, how should environmental policy adjust to business cycles? How do different types of policies fare in a context with business cycles? Second, endogenous technological growth is an important component of environmental policy. Several studies ask how policy can be designed both to tackle emissions directly and to influence the adoption of clean technologies. We focus on these two aspects of environmental macroeconomics but emphasize that there are many other potential applications.
Coming to life: The study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

For decades, our understanding of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) was derived largely from singlecenter retrospective studies of survivors brought to the emergency department for further care. This “hospitalcentric” approach had drawbacks, as important aspects of OHCA occur—not surprisingly—out of the hospital. In 2005, the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Epistry–Cardiac Arrest was created through the support of multiple agencies partly to address this limitation, by creating an “emergency medical system-centric” approach. This epidemiologic registry (ie, “Epistry”) uses population-based methods to examine characteristics and outcomes of OHCA patients across their entire spectrum of care, starting from activation of the emergency medical system. The consortium initially consisted of 11 North American regions (8 US and 3 Canadian) serving 23.7 million persons by the participating EMS agencies (and now includes 10). The ROC Epistry has repeatedly demonstrated its value over the years, and often in surprising ways. This issue of the journal provides another such example. Prior studies have established fundamental changes in the epidemiology of OHCA with a decreasing incidence of pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF; ie “shockable” rhythms) at presentation, and a rise in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole (ie, “nonshockable” rhythms). The explanation for the decreasing incidence of pulseless VT/VF has been attributed to changes in cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, and a growth in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapies. In particular, the use of β-blockers has increased over the same period, given their benefits in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. In 2008, Youngquist et al published a retrospective study of 179 survivors of OHCA who presented to a single hospital between 2001 and 2006 with data on medication use. The authors investigated the association between prior
Herbs of special interest to women.

Abstract Objective To review the efficacy and safety of specific herbal medications that have been used traditionally to treat common conditions in women. Data Sources Current literature, with emphasis on more rigorously controlled studies. Data Synthesis Herbal medicines have long been used in traditional healing systems to treat conditions of particular interest to women, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and menopausal symptoms. For a select number of phytomedicines, including evening primrose oil, black cohosh root extract, dong quai, and chaste tree berry, scientific investigation is elucidating the pharmacologically active constituents, mechanism of action, and clinical value. Conclusion Based on the available evidence, evening primrose oil and chaste tree berry may be reasonable treatment alternatives for some patients with PMS. Dong quai may have some efficacy for PMS when used in traditional Chinese multiple-herb formulas. For relief of menopausal symptoms, black cohosh root extract and dong quai have good safety profiles, but only black cohosh has demonstrated efficacy for this indication. Safety data, especially during pregnancy and lactation, are still largely lacking for many herbal medications, and recommendations for usage and dosage vary. Pharmacists who wish to recommend herbal products for women's health conditions need to evaluate the scientific literature in order to form their own opinions about appropriate use and safety.
Reference-Set constraints as linear tree transductions via controlled optimality systems

Reference-set constraints are a special class of constraints used in Minimalist syntax. They extend the notion of well-formedness beyond the level of single trees: When presented with some phrase structure tree, they compute its set of competing output candidates and determine the optimal output(s) according to some economy metric. Doubts have frequently been raised in the literature whether such constraints are computationally tractable [4]. I define a subclass of Optimality Systems (OSs) that is sufficiently powerful to accommodate a wide range of reference-set constraints and show that these OSs are globally optimal [5], a prerequisite for them being computable by linear tree transducers. As regular and linear context-free tree languages are closed under linear tree transductions, this marks an important step towards showing that the expressivity of various syntactic formalisms is not increased by adding reference-set constraints. In the second half of the paper, I demonstrate the feasibility of the OS-approach by exhibiting an efficiently computable OS for a prominent reference-set constraint, Focus Economy [10].
Property Cat Woes Have Financial Solutions

The property catastrophe reinsurance industry faces a major challenge. Since 1989, climatic volatility has produced unprecedented insured losses of $43 billion - $18 billion of which were from Hurricane Andrew alone. A surge of insurer defaults and dramatic changes in capacity and pricing have followed in their wake.
A and B and the Question of True Nobility in Henry Medwall's Fulgens and Lucres

ABSTRACTHenry Medwall's Fulgens and Lucres dramatises the debate concerning the nature of true nobility found in Buonaccorso de Montemagno's Latin De Vera Nobilitate, which Medwall encountered through John Tiptoft's English translation published by Caxton in 1481. Medwall shifts the attention of his play to the legal and political concerns of the early Tudor court. The play is filled with references to contemporary court figures as well as legal concerns of the court in which Medwall served as a clerk. Medwall adds two characters simply labeled “A” and “B”, and the question which is left unanswered in Montemagno and Tiptoft's texts is finally decided upon, not by the Roman senate but by Lucres. Immediately after her decision, A and B critique it. I argue that A and B do not succeed in subverting Lucres’ judgment, but rather reinforce it for Medwall's audience. The two serve to illustrate what the “new-men” of Henry VII's court viewed as problematic with the older court culture.
Notes on the Theory of Political Opinion Formation

The role of public opinion in the political process is more often justified than explained by political theorists. Insofar as contemporary theory offers an explanation, it replaces the primitive democratic notion of “The People as Legislator” with a neo-idealistic conception of public opinion as the “sense of the community” (A. D. Lindsay), an emergent product of the process of public discussion that enfolds the struggle of private group leaders, public administrators, and political representatives to influence the substance and direction of governmental policy.However, this is not the meaning of the term as used either by the man in the street or by the social scientist. In both popular and scientific language “public opinion” has come to refer to a sort of secular idol, and is a “god-term” to which citizens, scientists, and office-holders alike pay allegiance, partly as an act of faith, partly as a matter of observation, partly as a condition of sanity. The public opinion idol has its high priests, claiming to be expert translators of the oracles of the personified deity. The idol aIso has its heretics, divided like all protestants into many denominations. The least heretical sect, perhaps, consists of those who postulate a conceptual fiction somewhat resembling the legal relation of “principal-and-agent,” except that they recognize that political representatives possess the power to act as trustees as well as agents of their amorphous principal.
A Systematic Review of Patient Safety Measures in Adult Primary Care

Safety measure development has focused on inpatient care despite outpatient visits far outnumbering inpatient admissions. Some measures are clearly identified as outpatient safety measures when published, yet outcomes from quality improvement studies also may be useful measures. The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify published articles detailing safety measures applicable to adult primary care. A total of 21 articles were identified, providing specifications for 182 safety measures. Each measure was classified into one of 6 outpatient safety dimensions: medication management, sentinel events, care coordination, procedures and treatment, laboratory testing and monitoring, and facility structures/resources. Compared to the multitude of available inpatient safety measures, the number of existing adult primary care measures is low. The measures identified by this systematic review may yield further insight into the breadth of safety events causing harm in primary care, while also identifying areas of patient safety in primary care that may be understudied.
Evaluation of community nursing intervention on primary hypertension

Objective:To discuss the effect of comprehensive community nursing Intervention in patients with primary hypertension.Methods:79 patients with primary hypertension in the demonstration sites were selected.We have set up comprehensive intervention group of community nursing,questionnaire,physical examination and biochemical parameters were implemented respectively before and after the intervention.We have also developed a specific intervention plan and put it into practise.knowledge of the disease,guidance on exercise,diet,psychology,and other drug treatment were made and promoted.Results:After three years community nursing intervention,the cognition ratio of hypertension knowledge,non-drug treatment and drug addiction is improved significantly(P0.05).Systolic and diastolic pressure of the patients have also decreased statistically(P0.05).Biochemical index and cardiovascular complications caused by hypertension have declined in different degree,and the formation rate of hypertension control in patients with hypertension was raised.Conclusion:There is remarkably effect of community nursing intervention to control hypertension,delay the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and improve life quality of the patients.
Effects of placing cattle on feed at two-month intervals and housing on feedlot performance and carcass grades.

A 5-yr study was conducted involving the placement of yearling steers on feed at 2-mo intervals under three different housing systems. A total of 3,571 steers (180 pens) initially averaging 318 kg was used. Evaluations were made for DM intake, ADG, feed efficiency (FE), carcass quality (QG), and yield grades (YG). Cattle were assigned to either an open lot with overhead shelter (S), an open lot without overhead shelter (NS), or an open-front confinement building (C). Each treatment consisted of two lots of 20 steers each per interval per trial. Corn grain provided 85% of the energy; the remainder was supplied by corn silage and protein supplement. Cattle were fed 140 to 180 d to achieve an average slaughter weight of 500 kg. The main effects of year (Y), month (M), and housing (H) affected DM intake, ADG, FE, and final live weight (P less than .01). The interactions for Y x M, M x H and Y x M x H affected ADG (P less than .05). Month and H affected hot carcass weight (P less than .01). Year affected YG, and year and month affected QG (P less than .01). Month effects on DM intake and ADG indicated that cattle started in May had the highest intake and ADG (P less than .05) and that cattle started in November had the lowest (P less than .05) DMI and ADG. Month effects on FE indicated that cattle were most efficient when placed on feed during March, May, and July (5.82, 5.72, and 5.66 kg DM/kg gain; P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The binding energy difference between the hypernuclides4HeΛ and4HΛ

Experimental and theoretical studies indicate a departure from charge symmetry for the mirror hypernuclides4HeΛ and4HeΛ amounting to a few tenths of a MeV in the binding energies. A nuclear emulsion experiment utilizing 45 newly measured π−-mesic decays of4HeΛ and4HΛ is reported to give ΔBΛ=BΛ(4HeΛ)-BΛ(4HeΛ)=(0.55±0.26)MeV. By adding events from the literature to this sample, a total of 214 π−-mesic decays of these hypernuclides was obtained. This number proved sufficient to resolve the difficulties previously encountered in an experimental evaluation of ΔBΛ. Contamination by other hypernuclides (probably5HeΛ) was eliminated from the4HeΛ sample by a strict recoil-range requirement (Rrec⩾10 µm), while, on the other hand, no contaminants were found among the4HeΛ decays. The binding energy discrepancy between the πr and πpr decays of4HeΛ was found to be due to pion range measurement losses which are important mainly for the πr events (Rπ∼4 cm). The final value of ΔBΛ for the latter sample is (0.30±0.15) MeV. Because a negative term in the theoretical calculation of ΔBΛ is expected from a Coulomb energy increase in the3He core of4HeΛ, this positive experimental result is a strong indication of charge-symmetry violation in the Δ Open image in new window interaction compatible with estimates of the virtual electromagnetic effects in (Λ→Λ+π0) suggested by theoretical workers.
Inkjet-printed substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) with “drill-less” vias on paper substrates

In this paper, an inkjet-printed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) on commercially available cellulose paper is implemented for the first time. Unlike traditional inkjet-printed SIW's, it does not require any etching process to form the conductive side walls and utilizes the porosity of the paper to get through-substrate conduction. The frequency response of the waveguide along with its performance under bending is discussed in this paper, verifying that such a structure would be particularly suitable for Quality of Life and Internet of Things applications
Neglected skin cancer in the elderly: a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma of the right shoulder.

Skin cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide, and basal cell carcinoma represents the largest portion of non-melanomatous skin cancers with over 3 million cases diagnosed annually. Locally advanced disease is frequently seen in the elderly posing clinical challenges regarding proper treatment. We report on an 86-year-old female presenting with fatigue, anemia and a large ulcerated skin lesion along the right upper back. A biopsy of the lesion revealed a basosquamous cell carcinoma. She underwent a wide local excision with complex wound reconstruction. Neglected skin cancers in the elderly can present difficult clinical scenarios. There are associated adjuvant therapies that should be considered following resection, such as local radiation therapy and other novel therapies. Newer therapies, such as with vismodegib, may also be considered. A comprehensive, multimodal approach to treatment should be considered in most cases of locally advanced, non-melanoma skin cancers.
Accuracy of Stroke Diagnosis in Telestroke-Guided Tissue Plasminogen Activator Patients.

Objectives The objective of the study is to assess the accuracy of final diagnosis in telestroke-guided tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) patients compared with bedside evaluation using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a surrogate for final stroke diagnosis. The overall goal was to determine if telestroke had similar diagnostic accuracy as bedside evaluations in diagnosing rt-PA-treated patients. Materials and Methods We analyzed all acute stroke code calls who received intravenous rt-PA at our center from October 2013 to June 2015. Calls were grouped into patients who were initially evaluated by telestroke at a spoke partner site (spoke) and patients evaluated in person at the hub. Patients receiving additional neurointervention were excluded to avoid confounding. Relevant variables included severity of stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS]), rt-PA times, presence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and primary outcome of CT or MRI evidence of stroke after rt-PA administration. Post-rt-PA imaging used included CT or MRI within 72 hours after treatment. Results Overall, 80 patients received intravenous rt-PA (spoke [n = 23] and hub [n = 57]). There was no difference in mean NIHSS score prior to treatment (10.3 ± 9.2 and 9.8 ± 8.4; P = .936), “onset-to-treatment” time (143.6 ± 53.5 minutes and 141.0 ± 54.1 minutes; P = .915), and ICH rate (13% and 8.8%; adjusted P = .898). The presence of radiographic evidence of stroke at spoke versus hub was not different (78.3% and 66.7%; adjusted P = .338). The most commonly used radiographic modality was MRI (MRI: 80%, CT: 20%). Conclusions Using imaging as a surrogate for final diagnosis resulted in no difference in final stroke diagnosis rate between the groups, reinforcing that telestroke evaluations are as accurate as bedside evaluations in diagnosing acute stroke.
Endosymbiosis: The Remarkable Healing Powers of Wolbachia

Wolbachia, a maternally transmitted bacterium globally present in arthropods, favors its own transmission by producing dramatic changes in host reproduction. Insight into the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms comes from the identification of the Wolbachia effector protein TomO, which maintains host germline stem cells in an undifferentiated state.
Active individuals have high mitochondrial content and oxidative markers in their abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Objective Exercise training (training) effects on white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenic and oxidative capacities in humans are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate whether an active lifestyle is characterized by thermogenic and/or oxidative transcriptional markers in human WAT. Methods In vivo maximal muscle ATP synthetic rates (ATPmax) were measured by 31 P-MRS, body composition by DXA, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) by cycle ergometry in active (n = 7) and sedentary (SED) individuals before and after 3 weeks of training (n = 9, SED only). mRNA expressions of brown adipose and β-oxidation markers, as well as mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA), were measured by qRT-PCR and qPCR, respectively, in WAT. Results ATPmax and VO2 peak were higher in active versus SED individuals. Following training in SED individuals, ATPmax and VO2 peak increased. Proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1β gene expressions and mtDNA content were significantly higher in WAT of active versus SED individuals before training. mRNA contents of brown and beige-specific markers were not different between cohorts. Training effectively increased ATPmax and VO2 peak but had no effect on mtDNA content or expressions of genes that regulate thermogenic and oxidative capacities in WAT. Conclusions Results indicate that an active lifestyle is characterized by elevated mitochondrial content and oxidative, not thermogenic, markers of WAT.
Drugs That Changed the World: How Therapeutic Agents Shaped Our Lives

Drugs are used in the diagnosis, alleviation, treatment, prevention or cure of disease. This is a book about drugs, how they came to be, and how they exert their ‘magic’. Today we have drugs to protect against infectious diseases, to alleviate aches and pains, to allow new organs to replace the old, and for brain functions to be modified. Yet, for the most part the manner by which drugs are developed and by whom remains a mystery. Drugs are more than just a pill or liquid and some have markedly altered history. The author has selected a few drugs – highlights representing milestones affecting our well-being and influencers of social change. The stories told are dramatic and include spectacular successes and dismal failures. And the people about whom these stories are told are both saints and sinners – selfless and conniving – bold and mercurial and shy and retiring loner. The drugs themselves mirror the diversity of their origin stories and the author assembles all sides of these fascinating stories.
Pier Paolo Pasolini: The Contradictions of Utopia

The chapter analyzes the multifaceted production of Pier Paolo Pasolini, taking into consideration its poetry—from Poesie a Casarsa to La nuova gioventu—but also his novels, his essays, and his movies. The aim is to analyze the twofold concept of utopia in Pasolini: one is based on the idea of a mythical return to the origins, the other one is more influenced by the leftist ideology and inspired by the figure of Antonio Gramsci. Pasolini’s utopia is based on the figure of the subproletarian, an innocent subject that, thanks to his naivety, can represent an alternative to bourgeois capitalism. The contradiction between these two models will eventually lead to the collapse of Pasolini’s utopian system.
Differential effects of perceived stress on alcohol consumption in moderate versus heavy drinking HIV-infected women.

Abstract Objective To examine the association between perceived stress and subsequent alcohol use in women living with HIV. Methods Women (n = 338) receiving HIV care between April 2006 and July 2010 who enrolled in either a brief intervention for hazardous drinking or a cohort of non-hazardous drinkers completed a 90-day drinking and drug use history, and completed stress, depression and anxiety measures at 0, 6, and 12 months. We examined the association between perceived stress at months 0 or 6 and measures of quantity and frequency of alcohol use in months 3-6 and 9-12, respectively. Results The association between perceived stress and subsequent alcohol use depended on whether women were heavy or moderate drinkers at index visit. Among women reporting ≥7 drinks/week at index visit, high levels of perceived stress were associated with subsequent increased alcohol intake. However, among women reporting >0 but Conclusions Baseline drinking status moderates the relationship between perceived stress and subsequent alcohol use. Perceived stress is an important therapeutic target in women who are heavy drinkers.
From Benghazi to E-Mails: Two Sides of the Same Scandal

This chapter argues that the Benghazi and e-mail scandals were no exception to the American political scandal narrative. Dewberry describes the American political scandal narrative and recounts the Benghazi attack. He focuses on how scandals related to Benghazi followed the scandal narrative in both the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections. Both attempts at scandal unfolded in a similar manner as other historical political scandals. Although both attempts failed to reveal a cover-up, Dewberry addresses the nature of the narrative as reflecting the use of scandals as a discursive political weapon.
Exploring the role of music in grief

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to gather descriptive information about the natural interactions between adult grievers and music. The survey gathered quantitative and qualitative data and yielded a response rate of .06% (141/2547). Results revealed that the majority of participants (94%) intentionally used music during their grief journey. Unique roles of music in grief were discovered and insights were offered as a pattern emerged that reflected the Dual Process Model of Grief (Stroebe & Schut, 1999). Future research in this area may contribute to a greater understanding of the natural interactions between grievers and music.
Manifold learning techniques for unsupervised anomaly detection

Abstract Appropriately identifying outlier data is a critical requirement in the decision-making process of many expert and intelligent systems deployed in a variety of fields including finance, medicine, and defense. Classical outlier detection schemes typically rely on the assumption that normal/background data of interest are distributed according to an assumed statistical model and search for data that deviate from that assumption. However, it is frequently the case that performance is reduced because the underlying distribution does not follow the assumed model. Manifold learning techniques offer improved performance by learning better models of the background but can be too computationally expensive due to the need to calculate a distance measure between all data points. Here, we study a general framework that allows manifold learning techniques to be used for unsupervised anomaly detection by reducing computational expense via a uniform random sampling of a small fraction of the data. A background manifold is learned from the sample and then an out-of-sample extension is used to project unsampled data into the learned manifold space and construct an anomaly detection statistic based on the prediction error of the learned manifold. The method works well for unsupervised anomaly detection because, by definition, the ratio of anomalous to non-anomalous data points is small and the sampling will be dominated by background points. However, a variety of parameters that affect detection performance are introduced so we use here a low-dimensional toy problem to investigate their effect on the performance of four learning algorithms (kernel PCA, two versions of diffusion map, and the Parzen density estimator). We then apply the methods to the detection of watercraft in an ensemble of 22 infrared maritime scenes where we find kernel PCA to be superior and show that it outperforms a commonly employed baseline algorithm. The framework is not limited to the tested image processing example and can be used for any unsupervised anomaly detection task.
A novel mechanism of lncRNA and miRNA interaction: CCAT2 regulates miR-145 expression by suppressing its maturation process in colon cancer cells

Although both long and micro RNAs are emerging as important functional components in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and metastasis, the mechanism of their interaction remains poorly understood. CCAT2 (Colon cancer-associated transcript-2), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has been reported to be over-expressed in CRC and is found to promote tumor growth. miRNAs, a class of naturally occurring short RNAs negatively control the expression of target genes by cleaving mRNA or through translation repression. Recently, we reported that miR-145 and miR-21 cooperate to regulate colon cancer stem cell (CSC) proliferation and differentiation. Considering that CCAT2 is mainly located in the nucleus and miRNA maturation process begins in the nucleus, we hypothesize that CCAT2 selectively blocks miR-145 maturation process, resulting in decreased mature miR-145 affecting colon CSC proliferation and differentiation. The levels of CCAT2 were manipulated by transfection of CCAT2 expression plasmid or knockdown by siRNA or by CRISPR/Cas9. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to examine the expression of CCAT2 and pri-, pre- and mature miR-145/21. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to visualize CCAT2 in the cells. In vitro processing of pri-miRNA-145 was performed using T7 RNA polymerase and recombinant human Dicer. We have observed that modulated expression of CCAT2 regulates the expression of miR-145 in colon cancer HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. Knockout of CCAT2 increases miR-145 and negatively regulates miR-21 in HCT-116 cells, impairs proliferation and differentiation. In contrast, stable up-regulation of CCAT2 decreases mature miR-145 and increases the expression of several CSC markers in colon cancer cells. We have also observed that CCAT2 is enriched in the nucleus and correlates with the expression of pre-miR-145 but not pre-miR-21 in HCT-116 cells. These results indicate CCAT2 selectively blocks miR-145 maturation by inhibiting pre-miR-145 export to cytoplasm. Further, we revealed that CCAT2 blocks cleavage of pre-miR-145 by Dicer in vitro. Our results identify CCAT2 as a negative regulator of miRNA-145 biogenesis, and expose a novel mechanism of lncRNA-miRNA crosstalk.
The effect of load current on a three-phase fault

The most short-circuit studies ignore load current since the magnitude of fault current is extremely greater than that of load current. However, as variable and intermittently dispatchable energy resources such as photovoltaic systems, wind farms, and non-linear power electronics based generators have been deployed to distribution networks, they may increase load current. That is, load current that flows from them can affect a magnitude of fault current. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of load current that flows from a distributed energy resource on three-phase fault current. For this purpose, this study develops an algorithm that adds an electric load to positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence impedance matrices in the format of equivalent impedance and calculates three-phase fault current. To verify the algorithm developed in MATLAB, a distribution network system with a distributed energy resource and a load is presented. Then, this study (1) generates a three-phase fault on the system, (2) changes the capacity of an electric load and a distributed energy resource and the location of an electric fault, and finally (3) examines the effect of load and distributed generation with varying capacities on a three-phase fault.
Accelerating Graph Analytics on CPU-FPGA Heterogeneous Platform

Hardware accelerators for graph analytics have gained increasing interest. Vertex-centric and edge-centric paradigms are widely used to design graph analytics accelerators. However, both of them have notable drawbacks: vertex-centric paradigm requires random memory accesses to traverse edges and edge-centric paradigm results in redundant edge traversals. In this paper, we explore the tradeoffs between vertex-centric and edge-centric paradigms and propose a hybrid algorithm which dynamically selects between them during the execution. We introduce the notion of active vertex ratio, based on which we develop a simple but efficient paradigm selection approach. We develop a hybrid data structure to concurrently support vertex-centric and edge-centric paradigms. Based on the hybrid data structure, we propose a graph partitioning scheme to increase parallelism and enable efficient parallel computation on heterogeneous platforms. In each iteration, we use our paradigm selection approach to select the appropriate paradigm for each partition. Further, we map our hybrid algorithm onto a stateof- the-art heterogeneous platform which integrates a multi-core CPU and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in a cache coherent fashion. We use our design methodology to accelerate two fundamental graph algorithms, breadth-first search (BFS) and single-source shortest path (SSSP). Experimental results show that our CPU-FPGA co-processing achieves up to 1.5&#xd7; (1.9&#xd7;) speedup for BFS (SSSP) compared with optimized baseline designs. Compared with the state-of-the-art FPGA-based designs, our design achieves up to 4.0&#xd7; (4.2&#xd7;) throughput improvement for BFS (SSSP). Compared with a state-of-the-art multi-core design, our design demonstrates up to 1.5&#xd7; (1.8&#xd7;) speedup for BFS (SSSP).
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Zhejiang from 2006 to 2007

Objecfive To study the molecular epidemioiogical characteristics of Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in Zhejiang.Methods During January 2006 and December 2007.fecal specimens of patients collected from outbreaks of acute viml gastroenteritis were tcsted for Norovirus.Epidemiological data were also collected.Noroviruses were detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PeR)and Real.time RT-PCR.Some positive samples were randomly selected and Rrr-PCR products were sequenced.Comparing to the nucleotide sequences of norovirus genotype Ⅰ,Ⅱ reference strains from GenBank,sequence analysis was undertaken based on partial sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)and capsid protein(VPI)gene.Results 5 Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis caused bv Norovirus were reported.A total of 63 stools were obtained from cases with acute gastroenteritis.Noroviruses alone were detected in 45 cases and the illness appeared in autumn.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Norovirus belonged to G Ⅱ/G Ⅱ 4 type.The strains isolated from Zhejiang were almost identical on G Ⅱ/4 variants that causing epidemics in Beijing and in the Netherlands with the homology of 99.7%and 98.5%-99.O%respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates were located at the same branch as the norovirus G Ⅱ/4 variants found in Beijing and Netherlands.Conclusion Norovirus iS a major cause of outbreaks of viral gastroenterifis in Zhejiang province.GenogroupⅡ/4 variants viruses were the prevalent strains. Key words: Norovirus; Outbreaks ofgastroenteritis; Molecular epidemiology
Clinical presentation of atrial myxomas does it differ in left or right sided tumor

Objective This paper reports a 20 years' experience in the management of atrial myxomas at our institution. Apart from presenting our experience of their clinical presentation, surgical management, post-operative complication, and long-term follow-up we investigated any correlation between left and right sided tumor with their symptom of presentation. Materials and methods The data were retrospectively collected for patients between the period 1995 and 2015 from the hospital database. The follow-up was conducted by questionnaire received from the patients describing their current status. Results Fifty four consecutive patients underwent surgical resection for atrial myxomas. The mean age was 62 years (standard deviation [SD]: ±14 years) with a larger number of female (55.5%) patients. The most common location for the tumor was the left atrium (70.3%) with the atrial septum being the most common (63%) site of attachment. The tumors presented in a variety of ways, namely, as shortness of breath (37.03%), transient ischemic attack (24.07%), and chest pains (22.2%) being the more common modes of presentation. Left heart tumors presented 6 years earlier with more severe shortness of breath as compared to right-sided tumors. Post-operative atrial fibrillation occurred in 22.2% of patients. Concomitant surgical procedures were required in 26% of patient. The median length of post-operative hospital stay was 6 days (IQR: 5; 9). There were 2 (3.7%) in-hospital mortalities and 4 (7.4%) later deaths at 2, 3, 7, and 15 years, respectively. Long-term follow-up actuarial Kaplan-Meire survival for the whole group was 92.6 ± 3.6% at 20 years with a significant reduction in the severity of shortness of breath. Conclusion Cardiac myxoma is the most common form of the cardiac tumor with a slight female preponderance. Left-sided tumors present earlier than right-sided tumors with more severe shortness of breath. Excellent long-term results can be achieved with surgical intervention for cardiac myxomas, including any concomitant interventions. In particular, a sustained reduction in shortness of breath is observed.
A laboratory study of particulate and gaseous emissions from crude oil and crude oil-dispersant contaminated seawater due to breaking waves

Abstract Crude oil spill incidents occur frequently causing a verity of occupational, ecological and environmental problems. Dispersants are applied to enhance the dispersion rate of crude oil slicks into the water column. In this study, the aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 20 μm, total particle-bound aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAH) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are measured in a 6 x 0.3 x 0.6 m tank as plunging breaking waves entrain oil slicks. The experiments are performed for seawater with slicks of crude oil, crude oil-dispersant mixture and dispersant only. The measurements investigate the effects of wave energy and slick properties on the temporal evolution of the emissions. The total number concentrations of particles originating from the oil-dispersant mixture are 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those of crude oil across the entire nano-scale range, reaching 100x for 20 nm particles. Conversely, the differences in concentration are small in the micron range. The average concentrations of pPAH are variable but similar (150–270 ng/m3). The VOC concentrations for crude oil-dispersant mixtures are 2–3 times lower than those of crude oil, presumably due to the surfactant effect on mass diffusion. The drastic increase in ultrafine particle concentrations may raise concerns about effects of inhalation by cleanup workers and downstream communities though VOC emissions reduce. Findings through this study provide insight into how the spray of dispersant may change the ratio of airborne particulate matter and VOC emissions from seawater due to natural processes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ADRENERGIC TRANSMITTER CONCENTRATIONS IN SYNAPTIC CLEFTS OF DIFFERING DIMENSIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effectiveness of adrenergic transmitter concentrations in synaptic clefts of differing dimensions. The dimensions of the adrenergic neuromuscular synapse show considerable variation in different tissues. In the arterial tree, the synaptic cleft size appears to diminish with vessel diameter. The shortest neuromuscular distance ranges from approximately 20,000 A in the elastic arteries to 1000 A in the smaller arteries, and arterioles. The differing patterns of transmitter distribution and concentration have functional correlates in the contractile responses to nervous activity. In elastic arteries for example, there is no evidence of any special contractile effect, or response resulting from transmitter action on cells closest to the nerve elements. Effector response is the sum total of local transmitter effects on the individual smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall. In muscular arteries, such as the ear artery of the rabbit, there are two phases of response associated with two modes of transmitter excitation.
A Novel Approach for Creating Consistent Trust and Cooperation (CTC) among Mobile Nodes of Ad Hoc Network

This paper provides a critical analysis of the recent research wok and its impact on the overall performance of a mobile Ad hoc network. In this paper, we clarify some of the misconceptions in the understating of selfishness and miss-behavior of nodes. Moreover, we propose a mathematical model that based on the time division technique to minimize the node misbehavior by avoiding unnecessary elimination of bad nodes. Our proposed approach not only improves the resource sharing but also creates a consistent trust and cooperation (CTC) environment among the mobile nodes. We believe, that the proposed mathematical model not only points out the weaknesses of the recent research work but also approximates the optimal values of the critical parameters such as throughput, transmission over head, channel capacity etc. The simulation results demonstrate the success of the proposed approach that significantly minimizes the malicious nodes and consequently maximizes the overall throughput of the Ad Hoc network than the other well known schemes.
Writing To Learn Quantitative Analysis: Doing Numbers with Words Works!.

Background While all institutions of higher learning value writing, each institution manifests its values in different ways. Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) has established an Office of Campus Writing, with a Director to design and offer faculty development opportunities to integrate writing more meaningfully and more effectively in the curricula of the 21 academic and professional schools that comprise the campus. One major faculty development offering is the annual two-week intensive Summer Faculty Writing Forum. This Forum accepts up to 15 faculty each year from schools and disciplines across the campus. These faculty, more used to the role of writing to demonstrate learning, investigate the capacity of writing to communicate learning, enhance learning, improve critical thinking, and reflect upon and evaluate learning. They design writing assignments, develop rubrics, and explore how to respond to written work more effectively. Upon completing the Forum, all faculty are asked to apply what they have learned to their own teaching, and to disseminate successful applications among their colleagues. This article focuses on the three-semester application of one Forum participant, an application that has evolved into a research project that clearly demonstrates the power of writing-to-learn to improve student understanding of quantitative analysis. It traces this evolution through e-mail exchanges between a professor of Computer Technology (Bob) and the Director of Campus Writing (Sharon).