cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument (Gerri):

Because significant others have a unique perspective on a patient's behavior, they can provide information useful in geriatric psychopharmacology. The Geriatric Evaluation of Relative's Rating Instrument (GERRI) is a rating scale for significant others to be used in elderly outpatients who show symptoms of mental decline. This scale covers cognitive and social functioning, mood, and somatic functioning. Items are short sentences designed to assess the frequency of typical behavioral disturbances and complaints. Inter-rater reliability, internal consistency of the scale, and validity are discussed.
Microwave Mobile Monitonrng Techniques

Intelligent allocations and assignments lay the ground-work for electromagnetic compatibility; however, capability for measurements on emitters under actual-use conditions is necessary to ensure compliance with technical regulations, without which allocations and assignments mean little. Described in this paper is a vehicle-transported measurement system capable of measuring frequency, bandwidth, and other parameters of signals obtained "off-the-air" at the transmitting station site. Several alternative methods for these measurements are described, and suggestions for obtaining usable signals are provided.
Electric field-induced changes in agonist-stimulated calcium fluxes of human HL-60 leukemia cells.

The mechanism of biological effects of extremely-low-frequency electric and magnetic fields may involve induced changes of Ca2+ transport through plasma membrane ion channels. In this study we investigated the effects of externally applied, low-intensity 60 Hz electric (E) fields (0.5 V/m, current density 0.8 A/m2+) on the agonist-induced Ca2+ fluxes of HL-60 leukemia cells. The suspensions of HL-60 cells received E-field or sham exposure for 60 min and were simultaneously stimulated either by 1 μM ATP or by 100 μM histamine or were not stimulated at all. After E-field or sham exposure, the responses of the intracellular calcium levels of the cells to different concentrations of ATP (0.2–100 μM) were assessed. Compared with control cells, exposure of ATP-activated cells to an E-field resulted in a 20–30% decrease in the magnitude of [Ca2+]i elevation induced by a low concentration of ATP (<1 μM). In contrast, exposure of histamine-activated HL-60 cells resulted in a 20–40% increase of ATP-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i. E-field exposure had no effect on non-activated cells. Kinetic analysis of concentration-response plots also showed that compared with control cells, exposure to the E-field resulted in increases of the Michaelis constant, Km, value in ATP-treated cells and of the maximal [Ca2+]i peak rise in histamine-treated HL-60 cells. The observed effects were reversible, indicating the absence of permanent structural damages induced by acute 60 min exposure to electric fields. These results demonstrate that low-intensity electric fields can alter calcium distribution in cells, most probably due to the effect on receptor-operated Ca2+ and/or ion channels. Bioelectromagnetics 19:366–376, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Locating narcissism within the interpersonal circumplex and the five-factor model

Abstract A widely used measure of narcissism in normal populations, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), was located within the frameworks of two more comprehensive personality models: the Interpersonal Circumplex and the Five-Factor model. The NPI was found to be highly positively correlated with Dominance and Exhibitionism markers of the Circumplex as well as with one of the orthogonal axes (Agency) but not significantly related to the other (Communion). The seven components of the NPI were all positively related to the Agency axis as well, but their relationships with the Communion axis ranged from negative to positive. Among the Big Five personality factors, the NPI was positively correlated with Extraversion and negatively correlated with Neuroticism and Agreeableness; the seven NPI components showed minor variations on this same general theme. Findings supported the viability of two alternative theoretical perspectives with respect to this construct: within a broad clinical perspective, the construct of narcissism may be used to represent a pathological deficit within the communal dimension whereas, within a more narrow perspective, narcissism may be understood to represent a limited but relatively healthy line of agentic development.
The classification of bipatterns in the plane

A bipattern in the plane is like a pattern, in the sense of Grunbaum and Shephard's book, Tiling and Patterns, but the set of motifs forms two transitivity classes under the symmetry group. In this paper we discuss the classification of such bipatterns into henomeric and homeomeric types.
Prostaglandin E2 induced abortion with vaginal suppositories in a contraceptive diaphragm

Abstract Prostaglandin E2, 20 mgm vaginal suppositories were administered to two groups of women seeking termination of pregnancy. One group had the suppository inserted inside a contraceptive diaphragm. Statistical comparisons were carried out for instillation to abortion time, side effects, and intra-uterine pressure parameters. The usage of the diaphragm significantly reduced side effects, and resulted in an instillation to abortion time of 12.8 ± 2.3 hours with no failures. The quantitative analysis of the uterine pressure recordings revealed activity significantly different than that seen with intra-amniotic or extra-ovular PG F2α. The development of uterine activity simulates that of normal labor in that elevation of resting pressure does not occur and maximum active pressure evolves slowly.
Gaming language: getting a handle on slots.

Abstract The gaming industry has its own colorful, often wry, and elusive vocabulary. Here's a primer focusing on one segment—slot machines.
Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain

A current hypothesis links the neuroexcitatory properties of certain acidic amino acids to their ability to cause selective neuronal lesions. Intracerebral injection of the neuroexcitatory tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic acid, has behavioral, neurochemical, and neuropathological consequences reminiscent of those of exogenous excitotoxins, such as kainic and ibotenic acids. Its qualities as a neurotoxic agent suggest that quinolinic acid should be considered as a possible pathogenic factor in neurodegenerative disorders.
On the coupling of interfacial and diffusional impedances, and on the equivalent circuit of an electrochemical cell

Abstract It is shown that the Warburg (diffusion) impedance is coupled to the charge transfer resistance, even to the extent that the sign of the Warburg impedance is determined by that of the charge transfer resistance. Experimental data obtained with the polarographic reduction of In (III) in aqueous NaSCN solution illustrate the existence of a negative Warburg impedance. The coupling between the diffusional and interfacial impedances (that is, between homogeneous mass transport and heterogeneous mass consumption or production) appears to be quite a general one, present with both redox and desad phenomena. Several graphical representations of the frequency-dependence of the electrode admittance or impedance are discussed, and the advantages of the complex capacitance plane are illustrated.
The effects of option incentives on research and development investment

This paper examines how various elements of CEOs’ option portfolios create conflicting incentives on research and development investment decisions. Incentives from unexercised vested options are shown to have an increasing effect on R&D investment, whereas the effect of incentives from unexercised unvested options is non-monotonic. In particular, R&D investment initially increases with incentives from unvested options and then decreases afterwards. Similarly, newly granted options have a non-monotonic effect when CEOs do not retain any unvested options in their portfolios. However, for an average firm where unvested options have been accumulated at a high level, adding new granted options only has a decreasing effect on R&D. The effects of various option elements on R&D investment can be explained by a combination of an incentive alignment effect and a risk diversification effect.
A Catalog of Photometry for Las Campanas Redshift Survey Galaxies on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey System

We present high-quality photometry in the five Sloan Digital Sky Survey filters, u', g', r', i', and z', for 2195 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts measured by the Las Campanas Redshift Survey. In addition, a polynomial photometric redshift estimator is derived, with an uncertainty of 0.035 out to z = 0.25.
BROAD BAND MID-INFRARED THz PULSE: MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATIONS

We present in this article the recent development of the measurement technique for coherent free-space THz field and applications in the mid-infrared range. The technique is based on the second-order nonlinear optical interaction both for the generation and for the detection of THz pulse. Particularly the detection process based on free-space electro-optic sampling gives us a possibility to timely trace directly the ultrabroad band coherent THz field unparalleled by other technique. Using an ultrashort laser pulse our measurement system is feasible to measure the ultrashort THz pulse with a bandwidth up to 40 THz. We present a detailed comparative study on the generation and detection using different nonlinear material. We demonstrate applications of the coherent THz technique for time-resolved semiconductor spectroscopy, time-domain imaging with high spatial resolution and broad band refractive and absorptive characterization of material in the mid-infrared range.
Auditory Masking and the Critical Band

Masked audiograms were studied as a function of the bandwidth, level, and frequency of a masking noise. In a reverse procedure, audiograms were determined when a movable, narrow, and approximately rectangular band of noise was used as signal in the presence of one or more masking tones. In both cases changes in the masked audiograms as a function of bandwidth made it possible to measure critical bandwidth. When masked audiograms were studied as a function of level, discontinuous changes in their height and shape occurred when the masking stimulus reached a certain “transition” level. If masking noises of subcritical or critical width were used, the growth of masking with level contained a discontinuity at a level of the masking stimulus equal to about 50 db SL. An abrupt change in the shape of the masked audiograms occurred at the same level. The change of shape when a pure tone was the masking stimulus consisted in the appearance of a “notch” one critical bandwidth above the frequency of the masking tone. Findings associated with the bandwidth parameter suggest interpretations of the critical band and of masking. The changes occurring at the transition level may indicate the threshold of the inner haircells.
An Architecture for Compressive Imaging

Compressive Sensing is an emerging field based on the revelation that a small group of non-adaptive linear projections of a compressible signal contains enough information for reconstruction and processing. In this paper, we propose algorithms and hardware to support a new theory of Compressive Imaging. Our approach is based on a new digital image/video camera that directly acquires random projections of the signal without first collecting the pixels/voxels. Our camera architecture employs a digital micromirror array to perform optical calculations of linear projections of an image onto pseudo-random binary patterns. Its hallmarks include the ability to obtain an image with a single detection element while measuring the image/video fewer times than the number of pixels ? this can significantly reduce the computation required for video acquisition/encoding. Because our system relies on a single photon detector, it can also be adapted to image at wavelengths that are currently impossible with conventional CCD and CMOS imagers. We are currently testing a proto-type design for the camera and include experimental results.
Identification of nonlinear biological systems using Laguerre expansions of kernels.

Identification of nonlinear dynamic systems using the Volterra-Wiener approach requires the estimation of system kernels from input-output data. A kernel estimation technique, originally proposed by Wiener (1958) and recently studied by Ogura (1986), employs Laguerre expansions of the kernels and estimates the unknown expansion coefficients via time-averaging of covariance samples. This paper presents another implementation of the technique which utilizes least-squares fitting instead of covariance time-averaging and provides for the proper selection of the intrinsic Laguerre parameter “α”. Results from simulation examples demonstrate that this implementation can yield accurate kernel estimates up to 3rd-order from short input-output data records. Furthermore, it is shown that this implementation remains effective in the presence of noise and when the spectral characteristics of the input signal deviate somewhat from the theoretical requirements of whiteness. the computational requirements and the overall performance of this technique compare favorably to existing methods, especially in cases where the system kernels can be represented with a relatively small number of Laguerre basis functions.
Surface conductance of cleaved germanium surfaces

Abstract The surface states of germanium have been investigated by measuring the change in conductance occurring upon cleavage along a (111) plane, in liquid nitrogen. Experiments were carried out with n-type samples whose donor concentrations varied from 10 13 to 10 18 /cm 3 . The measurements were made on p-n-p structures which upon cleavage form a p-type channel across the n-type base. It is found that at the low temperature of the experiment and with the large electric field existing at the surface, quantum mechanical effects arise in the space charge region. The analysis was carried out for a pseudo two-dimensional space charge region, and for two extreme values of the hole mobility. The results are related to two models of the surface energy spectrum for the excess electrons: 1) a discrete level with 1.44 × 10 15 states/cm 2 , 2) a 20 eV wide band of levels with 7.22 × 10 13 states/cm 2 ·eV. It is shown that the heavy holes in the space charge region are more likely to move with a mobility close to their bulk mobility. The neutral point of acceptor-like surface states is found to lie 0.06 ± 0.03 eV above the first allowed level for heavy holes. From the data it is not possible to obtain a unique determination of the distribution of states in the forbidden gap.
The Influence of Late-Night TV Comedy Viewing on Political Talk: A Moderated-Mediation Model:

This study is focused on the influence of late-night TV comedy viewing on political talk. It is posited that debate viewing serves as a mediator of this relationship, and age is argued to be a moderator of the association between late-night TV comedy viewing and debate viewing. More specific to age, it is hypothesized that the predictive value of late-night TV comedy for political debate consumption will be greater for those audience members who are younger. A secondary analysis of 2004 national Annenberg debate panel data provides evidence of a positive indirect effect of late-night TV comedy viewing on political talk through debate viewing, and the moderator of age functioned as predicted. Thus, this study details a series of positive unintended consequences of late-night TV comedy viewing on what are defined normatively as positive democratic communicative activities (i.e., debate viewing, political discussion), and these media effects are stronger the younger the voter.
A time to sequence.

The author`s on the Human Genome Project first appeared in Science in 1987 in the form of a one-word quotation: {open_quotes}Huge{close_quotes}. Eight years later, in difference to the size and complexity of the current program, more space has been alotted. I use it here to examine the state of the project and to suggest a path forward. The major topics covered in this discussion include the following: the genetic maps; the technology; and policy implications 14 refs.
Comments on "On estimating the orders of an autoregressive process"

This correspondence makes some critical remarks on the method suggested in the above paper for estimating the order of an autoregressive process. An alternative method is then suggested.
The Involvement of Acidic Nucleoplasmic DNA-binding Protein (And-1) in the Regulation of Prereplicative Complex (pre-RC) Assembly in Human Cells

DNA replication in all eukaryotes starts with the process of loading the replicative helicase MCM2–7 onto chromatin during late mitosis of the cell cycle. MCM2–7 is a key component of the prereplicative complex (pre-RC), which is loaded onto chromatin by the concerted action of origin recognition complex, Cdc6, and Cdt1. Here, we demonstrate that And-1 is assembled onto chromatin in late mitosis and early G1 phase before the assembly of pre-RC in human cells. And-1 forms complexes with MCM2–7 to facilitate the assembly of MCM2–7 onto chromatin at replication origins in late mitosis and G1 phase. We also present data to show that depletion of And-1 significantly reduces the interaction between Cdt1 and MCM7 in G1 phase cells. Thus, human And-1 facilitates loading of the MCM2–7 helicase onto chromatin during the assembly of pre-RC.
Reducing flexible base vibrations through local redundancy resolution

Future space systems will use teleoperated robotic systems mounted on flexible bases such as the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System. Due to dynamic coupling, a major control issue associated with these systems is the effect of flexible base vibrations on the performance of the robot. If uncompensated, flexible vibrations can lead to inertial tracking errors and an overall degradation in system performance. One way to overcome this problem is to use kinematically redundant robots. Thus, this article presents research results obtained from locally resolving kinematic redundancies to reduce or damp flexible vibrations. Using a planar, three-link rigid robot example, numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the feasibility of three vibration damping redundancy control algorithms. Results showed that compared to a zero redundancy baseline, the three controllers were able to reduce base vibration by as much as 90% in addition to decreasing the required amount of joint torque. However, similar to locally optimizing joint torques, excessive joint velocities often occurred. To improve stability, fixed weight, multi-criteria optimizations were performed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activity and protein distribution of 12-lipoxygenase in HEL cells: Induction of membrane-association by phorbol ester TPA, modulation of activity by glutathione and 13-HPODE, and Ca2+-dependent translocation to membranes

The understanding of the intracellular regulation of 12-lipoxygenase requires a knowledge of the distribution of both enzyme protein and its activity. In human erythroleukemia cells, the membrane fraction contains about 90% of the total cellular 12-lipoxygenase activity, whereas only approximately 10% of 12-lipoxygenase activity resides in the cytosol. However, the majority of the cellular 12-lipoxygenase protein is found in the cytosol. Pretreatment of cells for 0-3 days with 160 nM TPA caused a marked, time-dependent increase in membrane-bound 12-lipoxygenase activity and protein, respectively. In contrast, the cytosolic amount of 12-lipoxygenase protein and activity, respectively, were minimally altered by this TPA treatment. Recombining the active membrane fraction with cytosol resulted in no significant inhibition of its 12-lipoxygenase activity, but the addition of GSH to the membrane fraction inhibited 12-lipoxygenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the cytosolic enzyme can be rendered active in the presence of 1 microM 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid. In HEL cell homogenates, a partial translocation of the cytosolic enzyme to the membrane takes place in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, resulting in an increase in membrane-associated 12-lipoxygenase activity and a concomitant decrease in cytosolic 12-lipoxygenase activity above 0.1 microM Ca2+.
Predation of the newly invasive pest Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) in soybean habitats adjacent to cotton by a complex of predators.

The kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae),is a newly invasive exotic insect found primarily on kudzu, but also on soybean, in the southeastern United States. We used molecular gut-content analysis to document predation on this pest by insects and spiders in soybean, and to detect remains of crop-specific alternative prey in predators' guts as markers of predator migration between soybean and adjacent cotton. M. cribraria was found exclusively on soybean. Eight native generalist predators over both crops screened positive by specific PCR for DNA of the pest: Geocoris punctipes (Say), Geocoris uliginosus (Say), Orius insidiosus (Say), Podisus maculicentris (Say), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Zelus renardii (Kolenati), Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and Peucetia viridans (Hentz); a ninth predator, the exotic Solenopsis invicta Buren, also screened positive for M. cribraria DNA. P. viridans was the only arthropod that tested positive for DNA of this invasive pest in only one crop, cotton. Two plant-feeding pentatomid species, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) and Thyanta custator (F.), were found exclusively on soybean, and another, Euschistus tristigmus (Say), was specific to cotton in the context of this study. Detection of predation on a combination of M. cribraria and P. guildinii and T. custator in cotton and M. cribraria and E. tristigmus in soybean demonstrated that these predators dispersed between crops. These results strongly support the use of soybean habitats adjacent to cotton as part of a conservation biological control strategy against M. cribraria. This is the first report documenting predation on this exotic pest in the field via molecular gut-content analysis.
Five minutes with the Governor.

This paper aims to initiate a dialog among readers regarding the positioning and promotion of health-related decision analysis in the public sector. It is motivated by the author's personal observations that quantitative and economic evaluation methods continue to be viewed with skepticism by some public officials and that no consensus exists within our community as to what an appropriate message to such decision makers might be. A personal view of some key themes to be stressed in defining a vision for the field is presented. Key words: decision analysis; cost-effectiveness; policy. (Med Decis Making 2000;20:239-242)
Self-calibration of a rotating camera with a translational offset

Camera self calibration, based on a purely rotational movement of the camera, receives the most attention among different camera self-calibration methods due to its algorithmic simplicity. The existing purely rotational methods, however, assume camera rotates around its optical center, therefore yielding no translation offset. This assumption is not realistic, since in practice, the precise location of the optical center is often unknown, and the rotation is often performed about an unknown but fixed point near the optical center. The conventional methods tend to ignore the offset, and therefore, could lead to significant errors with the estimated camera parameters. In this paper, we introduce a new rotation-based camera self-calibration method, which explicitly accounts for the unknown translation offset. To this end, the problem is mathematically formulated and solved for differently taking the translation into consideration. To obtain the camera parameters with unknown camera rotations, our algorithm requires the camera to rotate around an unknown but fixed axis twice, by the same yet unknown angle. This is not an unreasonable assumption for precalibrating a camera on an active head. Experiments with both synthetic and real data show that the systematic errors caused by ignoring the translational offset will be effectively eliminated by our approach.
Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm ...
EOS MLS Science Data Processing System: a description of architecture and capabilities

The Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is an atmospheric remote sensing experiment led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology. The objectives of the EOS MLS are to learn more about stratospheric chemistry and causes of ozone changes, processes affecting climate variability, and pollution in the upper troposphere. The EOS MLS is one of four instruments on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) EOS Aura spacecraft launched on July 15, 2004, with an operational period extending at least 5 years after launch. This paper describes the architecture and capabilities of the Science Data Processing System (SDPS) for the EOS MLS. The SDPS consists of two major components-the Science Computing Facility and the Science Investigator-led Processing System. The Science Computing Facility provides the facilities for the EOS MLS Science Team to perform the functions of scientific algorithm development, processing software development, quality control of data products, and scientific analyses. The Science Investigator-led Processing System processes and reprocesses the science data for the entire mission and delivers the data products to the Science Computing Facility and to the Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Science Distributed Active Archive Center, which archives and distributes the standard science products. The Science Investigator-led Processing System is developed and operated by Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services of Pasadena under contract with Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Consciousness as a Characteristic of the Human Being as a Whole Elements of a New Approach

This article outlines a conception of human consciousness that regards the consciousness of a person as a characteristic of the person as a whole—reflecting her entire experience and being, both on a day-to-day basis and over her entire life This has three general aspects. First, the consciousness of the individual as he experiences it continuously throughout his life is inseparable from his “I,” and the individual may be regarded as “a single consciousness-and-‘I’ from childhood to old age.” Second, there is present in the individual something like “the Larger Mind of the Society and Culture” in which the individual grew up and lives, called “the Larger Mind of the Society in that individual” (cf. C. H. Cooley). And third, there are in the individual’s consciousness “fundamental metaphysical (ontological and epistemological) feelings,” “feelings of what is truth” in connection with life, the universe, and existence. The last section puts this overall approach in perspective in relation to the existing li...
The Avena Case in the International Court of Justice and the U.S. Response

I. Background The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, a multilateral treaty to which the United States, Mexico, and 164 other States (countries) are parties, requires the competent authorities of each party to inform the consulate of the other party if the latter party’s national is arrested and requests that the consulate be notified. The Convention also requires the authorities to forward any communication the arrested person addresses to the consulate, and to inform the person concerned without delay of his or her right to communicate with the consulate. The consular authorities have the right to visit and correspond with that person and to arrange for his or her legal representation. Until the last few years, authorities in the United States frequently did not comply with these requirements, which apparently were little known in law enforcement circles or even among court-appointed defense lawyers. In scores of homicide cases, nationals of States parties to the Consular Convention were sentenced to death even though they had not been given timely notification of their right to communicate with their consulates. In the typical case, the court-appointed defense lawyer failed to raise the issue at the trial, and belatedly did so only on appeal or in a habeas corpus petition after conviction and sentencing. The courts denied relief, either on the ground that procedurally it was too late to raise the matter (the “procedural default rule”), or that the Consular Convention establishes rights only for the States parties to it and not for individuals who seek to enforce the Convention in U.S. courts. In separate proceedings brought over the last few years, Paraguay, Germany, and Mexico have challenged these U.S. practices in the International Court of Justice (ICJ).
Evaluation of a Therapeutic Direct-Contact 915-MHz Microwave Applicator for Effective Deep-Tissue Heating in Humans

A 13-cm square direct-contact microwave applicator which operates at 915 MHz was evaluated in tissue models and human volunteers to determine its therapeutic effectiveness. It was found that the applicator with radome- and forced-air cooling selectively elevates temperatures in muscles (1-2 cm) to 43-45/spl deg/C. At this higher range of temperature, certain physiologic responses such as an increase in blood flow are produced. The applicator may also be used to heat malignant tumors of muscle.
Rapid assessment of rice seed availability for wildlife in harvested fields

Rice seed remaining in commercial fields after harvest (waste rice) is a critical food resource for wintering waterfowl in rice-growing regions of North America. Accurate and precise estimates of the seed mass density of waste rice are essential for planning waterfowl wintering habitat extents and management. In the Sacramento Valley of California, USA, the existing method for obtaining estimates of availability of waste rice in harvested fields produces relatively precise estimates, but the labor-, time-, and machinery- intensive process is not practical for routine assessments needed to examine long-term trends in waste rice availability. We tested several experimental methods designed to rapidly derive estimates that would not be burdened with disadvantages of the existing method. We first conducted a simulation study of the efficiency of each method and then conducted field tests. For each approach, methods did not vary in root mean squared error, although some methods did exhibit bias for both simulations and field tests. Methods also varied substantially in the time to conduct each sample and in the number of samples required to detect a standard trend. Overall, modified line-intercept methods performed well for estimating the density of rice seeds. Waste rice in the straw, although not measured directly, can be accounted for by a positive relationship with density of rice on the ground. Rapid assessment of food availability is a useful tool to help waterfowl managers establish and implement wetland restoration and agricultural habitat-enhancement goals for wintering waterfowl. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Counter clockwise scalp hair whorl in schizophrenia.

Recent work has suggested that schizophrenia may be a neurodevelopmental disorder (Weinberger !987; Murray and Lewis 1987; Benes et al 1986). Evidence for this hypothesis includes epidemiologic studies indicating that e~:posure to a physical insult during the second trimester of gestation may be associated with schizophrenia in later life (Torrey et al 1975; Huttunen and Niskanen 1978; Mednick et al 1988). In addition, several structures reported to be deviant in schizophrenia, ineluding the hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia, are formed during the second trimester (Lyon et al 1989). Braeha et al ( 1991), noting that development of the distal upper limb occurs in the second trimester, studied hand anomalies in a group of monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and found a higher frequency of hand maldevelopment scores in the schizophrenic twins than in the unaffected twins, implicating a second trimester insult in these patients. Scalp hair patterning is determined during
Residual strength prediction for aircraft panels with Multiple Site Damage, using the “EPFEAM” for stable crack growth analysis

In this paper, a new analytical method for solving stable crack propagation problems in a ductile panel with a row of cracks, is presented. The main purpose of the present study is to estimate the maximum load carrying capacity of such panels accurately. The so called Elastic Plastic Finite Element Alternating Method (Pyo et al. (1994) was extended to account for the propagating cracks. The crack propagation algorithm utilizes the analytic crack solution to release the stresses ahead the crack tip. The T infe sup* integral is employed as the crack extension criterion. This integral parameter accounts for the near tip stress-strain singularity and its critical values for crack propagation can be extracted from the P-Δa curve of single cracked specimen case. The present method can be applied to the problems of the fuselage skin of aging airplanes, in which a row of cracks develop (MSD; Multiple Site Damage) from rivet holes. The load carrying capacity of such damaged structure reduces by a considerable amount. In order to predict the behavior near the critical load, one must account for plastic deformation, if the material is ductile. Furthermore, the maximum load carried by the structure is often reached after some amount of crack propagation. In this paper, a series of analyses have been conducted and their results compare with the available experimental data.
Tau-crystallin/alpha-enolase: one gene encodes both an enzyme and a lens structural protein.

tau-Crystallin has been a major component of the cellular lenses of species throughout vertebrate evolution, from lamprey to birds. Immunofluorescence analysis of the embryonic turtle lens, using antiserum to lamprey tau-crystallin showed that the protein is expressed throughout embryogenesis and is present at high concentrations in all parts of the lens. Partial peptide sequence for the isolated turtle protein and deduced sequences for several lamprey peptides all revealed a close similarity to the glycolytic enzyme enolase (E.C. 4.2.1.11). A full-sized cDNA for putative duck tau-crystallin was obtained and sequenced, confirming the close relationship with alpha-enolase. Southern blot analysis showed that the duck genome contains a single alpha-enolase gene, while Northern blot analysis showed that the message for tau-crystallin/alpha-enolase is present in embryonic duck lens at 25 times the abundance found in liver. tau-Crystallin possesses enolase activity, but the activity is greatly reduced, probably because of age-related posttranslational modification. It thus appears that a highly conserved, important glycolytic enzyme has been used as a structural component of lens since the start of vertebrate evolution. Apparently the enzyme has not been recruited for its catalytic activity but for some distinct structural property. tau-Crystallin/alpha-enolase is an example of a multifunctional protein playing two very different roles in evolution but encoded by a single gene.
Design of a broadband zig-zag pyramidal log-periodic antenna

A pyramidal zig-zag toothed log-periodic (LP) antenna with a customized cable quarter-wave transformer was developed as a dual-linear high-power feed for a large 60 foot diameter reflector with f/D of 0.49. The pyramidal design was chosen over a crossed log-periodic pole design since it provides matching E- and H-plane patterns (the broader H-plane is made narrower with the two opposing elements acting as an array in that dimension). Three separate antennas with frequency ranges of 0.2–0.5, 0.5–1, and 1–2 GHz were built.
Nonlinear dynamics of a flexible beam in a central gravitational field. II: Nonlinear motions in circular orbit

Abstract The coupled nonlinear pitch-bending response of a free-free beam in a circular orbit, when the beam is subjected to a periodic external excitation, is analysed. The nonlinearities present in the differential equations of motion are due to deformation of the beam (i.e. curvature and inertia nonlinearities) and to the gravity-gradient moments. Perturbation methods are used to analyse the motion. Several resonant motions exhibited by the system are analysed in detail, namely, harmonic resonances when the frequency of the external excitation, Ω, is either near the natural frequency of the flexural or of the pitch motion, and a superharmonic resonance when Ω is near one half of the natural frequency for the pitch motion. The latter two resonances are associated with very low excitation frequencies.
Air Monitoring Network Design: Case Study

This paper addresses the problem of air monitoring network design in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Use of a quantitative location model is described as part of a general solution procedure using diffusion modeling and statistical modeling. The case study is presented in detail, and issues of data base manipulation, computer resource requirements and solution interpretation are explored.
Positive and doubly stochastic maps, and majorization in Euclidean Jordan algebras

Abstract A positive map between Euclidean Jordan algebras is a (symmetric cone) order preserving linear map. We show that the norm of such a map is attained at the unit element, thus obtaining an analog of the operator/matrix theoretic Russo–Dye theorem. A doubly stochastic map between Euclidean Jordan algebras is a positive, unital, and trace preserving map. We relate such maps to Jordan algebra automorphisms and majorization.
Analysis on the Data of 1 286 Clients From Voluntary Counseling And Testing Services

Objective To study the voluntary counseling and testing(VCT) services of 1 286 clients,and provides reference for prevention and treatment of AIDS directly.Methods The free consultancy services on HIV/AIDS knowledge and free HIV VCT were provided for the consultants,and Individual Questionnaires were completed by them.Results Males accounted for 82.97% of all consultants.And people aged between 20 and 39 years old were the majority,accounting for 70.61%.93.55% of consultants had high-risk sex behaviors.81.03% of consultants took part in VCT,and 2 of them were confirmed to have been infected with HIV,one was a heterosexual person,the other was a spouse of HIV infector,the detection rate of HIV was 0.19%.Conclusion VCT played a more important role in AIDS control and prevention,its services clients were persons with sex behaviors beyond marriage,and we should enhance the publicity of VCT,especially improve the proportion of the female consultants with high-risk sex behaviors.
Cytotoxic cellular mediators of the immune response to neoplasia: a review

Immunotherapy in the management of neoplastic disease has recently been a major focus of scientific attention. Studies in vitro and in animal systems have provided the basis for the first trials of cellular immunotherapy for neoplasia in humans. Work over the past ten years has identified several distinct populations of lymphocytes active in lysing neoplastic cells, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and non-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), natural killer (NK) cells, the natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) population, and the lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) phenomenon. This paper reviews the current understanding of the distinguishing cell surface phenotypes, recognition structures, mechanisms of neoplastic target cell lysis, activation requirements, and ontogeny of each of these cell groups.
M-Pesa Comes to India

M-Pesa’s ultimate goal of converting every account into a fully functional open loop savings account is not without challenges, however. Abhishek Jain, for instance, has described KYC norms as a significant barrier to further progress — although he has also said that the growth of Aadhaar may resolve this issue in part. Jain has also replied negatively when asked whether ICICI plans to extend the range of financial services it offers to its M-Pesa customers. For now, ICICI will wait and see how the product evolves and whether gains sufficient traction in the Indian market.
The Origin of the Awareness of Good and the Theory of Common Sense

The Origin of Our Awareness of Good In the first part of this chapter, we examine Moore's views on the origin and development of our awareness of good and the way in which that awareness is connected to action by the will. We will see how Moore is able to allow that the commonsense awareness of good we bring to philosophical reflection is more provisional than one who only listens to him at his most stentorian would think possible. Though common sense leaves us with very strong beliefs about good and the goodness of certain things, since they are not grounded in sustained reflection, they are jumbled together and in fact, are likely to be inconsistent. These facts give ethics its job and the parameters within which to work. Although the beliefs left to ethics by common sense undergo a great deal of change as they are scrutinized, defended or discarded, and systematized, the general picture in ethics is one of refinement, not revolt: Too much change and we will have switched the subject. In the chapter's second part, we flesh out this conception by suggesting avenues of argument Moore incorrectly disallows himself that show how a commonsense awareness of such natural goods as health provide a guide to ethical reflection. In doing all of this for Moore, we make him less revolutionary and more appealing.
Discussion of “Soil Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evaluation for Level Ground during Earthquakes and Liquefaction Potential: Science Versus Practice”

The discussers congratulate both of the authors for their clear presentation and discussion of the state-of-the-art; and they present an alternative strain approach to assessing liquefaction potential and the advantages of that approach. Although it is apparent that there are questions concerning this new approach that need to be answered and that a significant amount of research is still needed, the the discussers are confident that additional research will confirm the potential of the proposed method for improving the state-of-the-art.
Autoimmune ocular disorders.

The ability of orally presented antigen to induce a state of tolerance has been recognised for many years. The use of this immunological phenomenon of oral tolerance to treat autoimmune diseases is a more recent development in the field of mucosal immunology. Ocular autoimmunity is especially intriguing because of the unique immunological characteristics of the eye. On the basis of laboratory data, the ‘feeding’ of ocular antigens has been proposed as a safe and efficacious therapy for uveitis. two patients with uveitis have been successfully treated with oral administration of retinal S-antigen, and a larger phase I/II trial of oral tolerance as a treatment for uveitis is currently being completed at the National Eye Institute.
Chapter 11 – Exchange of Gaseous Nitrogen Compounds between Terrestrial Systems and the Atmosphere

Food production systems are important contributors to local, regional and global NH 3 , NO x (NO + NO2) and N 2 O budgets. Ammonia is the major gaseous base in the atmosphere and serves to neutralize about 30% of the hydrogen ions in the atmosphere. 50–75% of NH 3 from terrestrial systems is emitted from animal and crop-based agriculture from animal excreta and synthetic fertilizer application. Plants can serve as both a sink and a source of atmospheric NH 3 . Ammonia is absorbed when the mole fraction of NH 3 in the atmosphere above the plant leaf is greater than the NH 3 concentration in the atmosphere around the mesophyll cells in the stomatal cavity. Ammonia is emitted when the atmospheric NH 3 concentration is lower than the leaf mesophyll cell concentration. NH 3 volatilization to the atmosphere is from soils that have insufficient sorption capacity to hold ammonium from NH x deposition or from ammonium fertilizer application. Soil characteristics and basic chemical factors control the soil/atmosphere exchange of NH 3 . As a basic gas, NH 3 reacts readily with protons, metals and acidic compounds to form ions. Ammonium formed can be ionically or physically bound to soil particles and the interaction between these processes control the soil-atmosphere exchange of NH 3 . NH 3 emissions arise from four main sources including excreta from domesticated animals, synthetic fertilizers, biomass burning and crops and crop decomposition. The NO x emitted, principally as nitric oxide (NO), reacts rapidly in the atmosphere and in a complex cycle with light, ozone and hydrocarbons, and produces nitric acid and particulate nitrate. These materials can interact with plants and the soil locally or be transported from the site and interact with atmospheric particulate to form aerosols. About 5% of the total atmospheric greenhouse effect is attributed to N 2 O.
The Mediterranean Metaphor

Since first entering the American literary landscape, California has been defined by its metaphors: it is an Eden, an Arcadia, a Hyperborea. The classical metaphors remain the most persistent and evocative, owing to the climatic and geographical resemblances between the Pacific coast and the South Mediterranean. The dominance of the Mediterranean metaphor over the geography of California is mirrored in its literature—in the attempts by regional poets to inaugurate a native poetic tradition in a land both new and familiar, to fashion a California sublime. These efforts come to maturity in the heavily classically-informed work of Robinson Jeffers, the first “strong” nature poet of California, a foundational poet for those who followed, especially the major contemporary California nature poet, Gary Snyder.