cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
House Price Prediction using Satellite Imagery.

In this paper we show how using satellite images can improve the accuracy of housing price estimation models. Using Los Angeles County's property assessment dataset, by transferring learning from an Inception-v3 model pretrained on ImageNet, we could achieve an improvement of ~10% in R-squared score compared to two baseline models that only use non-image features of the house.
Development and Validation of a Natural Language Processing Algorithm to Extract Descriptors of Microbial Keratitis From the Electronic Health Record.

Purpose The purpose of this article was to develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm to extract qualitative descriptors of microbial keratitis (MK) from electronic health records. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, patients with MK diagnoses from 2 academic centers were identified using electronic health records. An NLP algorithm was created to extract MK centrality, depth, and thinning. A random sample of patient with MK encounters were used to train the algorithm (400 encounters of 100 patients) and compared with expert chart review. The algorithm was evaluated in internal (n = 100) and external validation data sets (n = 59) in comparison with masked chart review. Outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of the NLP algorithm to extract qualitative MK features as compared with masked chart review performed by an ophthalmologist. Results Across data sets, gold-standard chart review found centrality was documented in 64.0% to 79.3% of charts, depth in 15.0% to 20.3%, and thinning in 25.4% to 31.3%. Compared with chart review, the NLP algorithm had a sensitivity of 80.3%, 50.0%, and 66.7% for identifying central MK, 85.4%, 66.7%, and 100% for deep MK, and 100.0%, 95.2%, and 100% for thin MK, in the training, internal, and external validation samples, respectively. Specificity was 41.1%, 38.6%, and 46.2% for centrality, 100%, 83.3%, and 71.4% for depth, and 93.3%, 100%, and was not applicable (n = 0) to the external data for thinning, in the samples, respectively. Conclusions MK features are not documented consistently showing a lack of standardization in recording MK examination elements. NLP shows promise but will be limited if the available clinical data are missing from the chart.
Do Cultural Institutions Affect Investor Trust? Evidence from the U.S. Catholic Clergy Abuse Scandal.

Trust is an essential element of individuals' willingness to engage in economic activity such as investment. Because cultural institutions influence individuals' trust, I examine whether shocks to trust in a prominent cultural institution have crossover effects on households' investment decisions. I employ the U.S. Catholic clergy abuse scandal from 2002 to 2006 as a plausibly exogenous shock to the Catholic Church. Using survey data, I find that Catholic households decrease their equity participation by 3.3% to 5.9% upon revelation of local clergy misconduct in the news, consistent with an economically sizable opportunity cost. Evidence points to the influence of Catholicism on local social norms as the main channel.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act: Evidence from CaliforniaAS Hospital Sector

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) authorized the largest expansion of public health insurance in the U.S. since the mid-1960s. We exploit ACA-induced changes in the discontinuity in coverage at age 65 using a regression discontinuity based design to examine effects of the expansion on health insurance coverage, hospital use, and patient health. We then link these changes to effects on hospital finances. We show that a substantial share of the federally-funded Medicaid expansion substituted for existing locally-funded safety net programs. Despite this offset, the expansion produced a substantial increase in hospital revenue and profitability, with larger gains for government hospitals. On the benefits side, we do not detect significant improvements in patient health, although the expansion led to substantially greater hospital and emergency room use, and a reallocation of care from public to private and better-quality hospitals.
Sex-Based Differences in Treatment and Prognosis for Adult Pineoblastoma.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Adult pineoblastoma is a rare but aggressive tumor with poor prognosis despite multimodality treatment. The impact of sociodemographic factors on care and outcome is poorly understood, and prior studies were limited by small sample sizes. Emerging evidence implicates the role of sex differences in the prognosis of aggressive brain tumors such as glioblastoma. This study aims to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors, including sex, on the treatment and clinical outcome of adult pineoblastoma. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients aged 18 years and older with pineoblastoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2016 were identified from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients with unknown status for insurance, income quartile, education quartile, urban/rural residence, distance from hospital, treatment, or overall survival (OS) were excluded. OS was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods using SPSS. Logistic regression was performed to determine the correlation with treatment. RESULTS A total of 374 patients with pineoblastoma were identified for analysis. The median age was 41 years. The median follow-up time was 49.2 months. 25.1% patients were uninsured or had Medicaid, 76.2% patients were white, and 18.4% patients were from households with income in the lowest quartile based on 2016 U.S. census data. Upon multivariate analysis adjusting for Charlson-Deyo score, only age, sex, andtreatment were statistically associated with OS. Increased age at diagnosis was associated with poorer OS (HR 1.023, 95% CI 1.011-1.035, P < 0.001) and male patients had worse OS (HR 1.662, 95% CI 1.156-2.389, P = 0.006) compared to female patients. Any surgical and radiation treatment, individually or combined, was beneficial for OS compared with no treatment. Surgery alone was comparable to combined surgery and radiation; radiation alone was statistically associated with lower OS (HR = 1.697, 95% CI 1.081-2.663, P = 0.021) compared to combined surgery and radiation. Using logistic regression, male patients were less likely to receive surgical intervention (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.31-0.82, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION This NCDB study represents the largest analysis of adult pineoblastoma to date and demonstrated statistically significant sex-based differences of surgical intervention and patient outcomes. The association of radiation-only treatment with worse OS is likely the result of more aggressive cases contraindicated for surgery and potentially contributes to the poorer prognosis of male patients. Future studies examining the biological underpinnings of these differences may help tailor therapeutic decision and improve clinical outcome for adult pineoblastoma.
The Art of Preparing Slides

This chapter introduces the process of creating scientific slides for presentation. Computers permit to make beautiful slides. One can use colors, insert photographs, and even add motion to it, however, while making slides about scientific work, one aims at creating slides which add a message. To make artistic slides one needs to give as much thought to the size and placement of areas of space as to the use of print and color. In the end one wants slides to show that one cares enough about the work to produce slides that are clear and pleasing to the eye but do not look like gaudy commercial advertisements. The audience appreciates a good set of slides but they are interested in researches and not in how capable one is at using bizarre colors or images.
Some Personal Notes on More Than One-Half Century of Organometallic Chemistry

Publisher Summary Henry Gilman presents some personal notes on more than one-half century of organo-metallic chemistry. Henry carried out his first organo-metallic reaction in 1912. The reaction was between acetone and methylmagnesium iodide to give tert-butyl alcohol. In the early development of organo-metallic chemistry, those organo-metallic compounds which found widest applicability for synthetic purposes were the organo-zinc and organo-mercury compounds. The picture changed dramatically with the advent of Grignard reagents. Another phase came with the organo-lithium compounds, because of their complementary and special properties which serve to set them apart from other types. The historically important organo-zinc compounds have been largely superseded for synthetic purposes by the magnesium and lithium compounds which are less inflammable, less toxic, and more conveniently manipulated. The number of comparisons among different types of organo-metallic compounds continued to accrue. Concurrently we had examined the relative reactivities of different members of a given series, as was the case with the broad class of organo-magnesium compounds.
Three Georgias in Atlanta: Lessons from business schools about finding your identity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look into how universities identify themselves and the audiences they choose to serve, taking into account three specific universities in Atlanta, Georgia.Design/methodology/approach – The paper gives brief overviews of the literature on differentiation and sustainability and the study, followed by descriptions of the three subject business schools and the geographic context, Atlanta, within which they operate.Findings – Not every professional school will offer nationally ranked degree programs, but they all can aspire to establish unique, strong programs that are sustainable over time. Gaining a clear understanding of identity and purposefully targeting the audience to be served are important first steps in such an endeavor.Originality/value – The article holds important lessons for professional schools and colleges that face increasing competition for students within their home arenas.
Concealed Quaternary strike-slip fault resolved with airborne lidar and seismic reflection: The Grizzly Valley fault system, northern Walker Lane, California

[1] The Grizzly Valley fault system (GVFS) strikes northwestward across Sierra Valley, a low-relief basin situated within a network of active dextral slip faults in the northern Walker Lane, California. Quaternary motion along the Grizzly Valley fault system has not been previously documented. We used high-resolution (0.25 m) airborne lidar data in combination with high-resolution, P wave, seismic reflection imaging to evaluate Quaternary deformation associated with the GVFS. We identified suspected tectonic lineaments using the lidar data and collected seismic reflection data along six profiles across the lineaments. The seismic reflection images reveal a deformed basal marker that we interpret to be the top of Tertiary volcanic rocks overlain by a 120–450 m thick suite of subhorizontal reflectors that we interpret to be Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine deposits. Three profiles image features that we interpret to be the principal active trace of the GVFS, which is a steeply dipping fault zone that vertically offsets the volcanic rocks and the lacustrine basin fill. These data suggest that the GVFS may have been active in latest Quaternary time because (1) the lidar data show subtle surficial geomorphic features that are typical of youthful faulting, including a topographic lineament marked by an ~1 m high ridge composed of discontinuous, left-stepping lobes, and (2) the seismic profiles demonstrate shallow faulting of the lacustrine strata that coincides with the left-stepping ridge. This investigation illustrates the potential for unidentified, low-rate, strike-slip faults in basins and emphasizes the value of high-resolution topographic data and subsurface imaging as a means of identifying these structures.
Gay Men Living in a Rural Environment

SUMMARY A qualitative research methodology with heuristic features was employed as a process of self-immersion, self-search, and reflection into the researcher's experiences as a gay man living in Wyoming. This was followed by in-depth, conversational interviews with eight additional gay men living in Wyoming. Focus was placed on the “here and now.” The descriptions and examples provide a rich composite image of day-to-day experiences, while reflecting an outlook on life shaped by being raised, and living in, a rural environment. These gay men talk about being happy living in Wyoming even as they describe an environment which reflects the epitome of the “don't ask, don't tell” mentality. They discuss constantly being on guard, being a good neighbor and worker, and pushing the envelope. They talk about being close to family, interacting with a small core group of friends, and the informal, hard to find, gay community.
Timing of neurological development in rural Guatemalan children.

This is a cross-sectional study of the anthropometric measurements and neurological evaluation of 559 children under 36 months of age (286 boys and 273 girls) from a rural area of Guatemala. Height and weight were compared with values from well-nourished Central American children which do not differ from North American standards. Head circumference was compared to standards from 14 different studies compiled from the world literature. The analysis of the data showed that the study population was far behind these standards in its physical growth characteristics. Results are presented for the timing of neuromotor skill development by calculation of the 16th, 50th and 84th percentiles for individual neurological functions by the probit method. Comparable data from other populations using the probit method of analysis are generally not available. One exception is the age of walking, which appeared to be delayed approximately four months in the rural Guatemalan children when compared to previous studies analyzed in this manner. These results should not be taken as patterns or norms but rather as a baseline for future studies.
Update on Canadian Diesel Fuel Trends

Because of anticipated changes in refinery feedstocks and supply and demand patterns the most economical diesel fuels which could be supplied in Canada in 1990 could have a base cetane number of 37 and this might be expected to drop to 35 in 2000. Large medium speed railroad diesels can readily accept these fuels without increased operating costs and research is now proceeding to determine the effects on the higher speed Class 7 and 8 truck engines which account for a large proportion of the diesel fuel demand. Fundamental studies principally on analysis of the hydrocarbons in present and future Canadian diesel fuel are also in progress and are aimed at giving a clearer understanding of the effects of different aromatics on the combustion process.
Cancers Best Paper Award 2015

Cancers has instituted a "Best Paper" award to recognize the most outstanding papers in the area of oncology published in Cancers.[...].
Spectroscopic Deprojection-Analysis of 3C 129

We report on spectroscopic imaging observations of the nearby (z=0.022) galaxy cluster 3C 129 performed with the ACIS detector on board of the Chandra X-ray observatory. Applying a deprojection analysis which fully takes into account the spatially resolved X-ray energy spectra we investigate the radial variation of temperature and particle density of the Intracluster Medium (ICM). While earlier data indicated a weak cooling flow and a cool cluster core, the Chandra data suggests that the core is hotter than the rest of the cluster: at the center we infer (7.9+4.4-2.4) keV while the mean temperature of all the other ICM shells is (5.1+-0.3) keV (all errors on 90% confidence level). Based on the radial entropy profile we discuss the evidence for shock heating of the ICM at the cluster center. We discuss the possibility to use imaging spectroscopy data of more regular clusters to extract maps of the gravitational dark matter potential.
An LDV system for turbulence length scale measurements

An LDV system for making spatial correlation measurements of velocity fluctuations in turbulent nonreacting and reacting flows is presented. The LDV system is the dual beam type and consists of an elongated probe volume and a two-point optical fiber detector. Results are presented of the integral length scale measured in a nonreacting grid generated turbulent flow.
Pediatric emergency department thoracotomy: A 40-year review.

Abstract Background/purpose Emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) has been proposed to be futile in the pediatric patient population. This extreme procedure has survival rates of 0 to 26% in the nonadult population. When taking into consideration that the mechanism of injury is one of the strongest predictors of survival, we hypothesize that the low survival rate in pediatric patients is attributable to a higher rate of blunt trauma compared to their adolescent counterparts. Methods Prospective data collected from our level 1 trauma center from 1974 to 2014 on all patients undergoing EDT at our institution were evaluated for age 18years or younger. Patient predictor variables included injury mechanism, injury pattern, and detected cardiac activity in the field. Outcomes included successful resuscitation (reestablish of blood pressure and taken to operating room) and overall survival. Patients were dichotomized by age into pediatric (age≤15years) and adolescent (16–18years) categories. Results 1691 patients who underwent EDT were evaluated for age of 18years or less, which included 179 patents (11%). Overall survival in the adult population was 6.1%, compared to 3.4% in the nonadult population ( p =0.157). Pediatric patients were more likely to sustain blunt injury than adolescents (72% vs 32%, p p =0.001). Adolescents had significantly higher survival rates than pediatric patients (5% vs 0%, p =0.036). Conclusion In nonadult patients undergoing EDT, adolescents have a higher survival rate than pediatric patients. The pediatric population had a significantly lower incidence of penetrating trauma and higher incidence of head injury. The discrepancy in survival between adolescent and pediatric patients appears to be attributable to differences in mechanism. Therefore, those pediatric patients with penetrating thoracic injuries may still benefit from EDT.
Knowing When to Spend: Unintended Financial Consequences of Earmarking to Encourage Savings

AbstractMaintaining savings is an important financial goal. Yet there are times when savings should be spent, such as when people face unavoidable costs, and spending their savings allows them to avoid high interest rate debt. Existing behavioral research has focused on consumer decisions between savings and discretionary spending and has proposed interventions to promote savings in these contexts. However, when spending is not discretionary, such interventions could risk exacerbating a pattern found in economic research in which people borrow high interest rate debt while maintaining savings that earn low levels of interest. To examine how mental accounting interacts with considerations of personal responsibility and guilt to contribute to this pattern, this article explores whether people spend their savings when they need money most: during emergencies. Six studies reveal that people’s tendency to preserve savings by borrowing from a high interest rate credit option varies as a function of the savings’...
Performance and efficiency comparisons for interior PM and flux-switching PM machines with ferrite magnets for automotive traction applications

This paper investigates the efficiency and performance of three permanent magnet (PM) machines with different topologies when all three use the same ferrite magnet material and are optimized to meet the same set of automotive traction specifications with a minimum total active mass. The three machine topologies are an interior PM (IPM) machine, a conventional flux-switching PM (FSPM) machine, and a PM-sandwiched FSPM machine. The three machines are compared using a number of criteria including total active mass, component material mass values, and several geometric parameters. Both FSPM machine types exhibit significant efficiency benefits compared to the IPM machine, but the magnet content of these two machines is also much higher. The ramifications of these efficiency and magnet content tradeoffs are explored as they apply to an electric vehicle application. Experimental results from a demonstrator PM-sandwiched FSPM exhibit good agreement with predicted results when three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to properly incorporate axial leakage flux at the two ends of the FSPM machine core.
Design and applications of selective reactions of olefins

Olefin metathesis catalysts have become one of the tools for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Until recently, the catalysts demonstrated poor catalyst controlled selectivity. Over the past several years, complexes based on molybdenum, tungsten and ruthenium have been discovered that will produce olefins good to excellent selectivity for the generation of Z olefins both in cross and in ring closing metathesis. New ligands have been developed that result in different selectivities and open new applications of metathesis in the synthesis of an array of complex molecules. These catalysts are developed through design, computation and serendipity. Applications range from the preparation of pharmaceuticals to the control of the structure of polymeric materials.
Cellular Localization of NGF and NT-3 mRNAs in Postnatal Rat Forebrain

Abstract The presence of transiently elevated levels of mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in postnatal development of several brain areas suggests that these factors may be expressed by a greater number of cell types in the immature than in the adult brain. To evaluate this possibility, in situ hybridization was used to determine the cellular localization of NGF mRNA and NT-3 mRNA in hippocampus, cingulate cortex, posterolateral neocortex, thalamus, and cerebellum of post natal rat. In areas expressing both neurotrophins (i.e., hippocampus, cingulate cortex, and anteroventral thalamus), NT-3 mRNA was detected at earlier ages than NGF mRNA. Patterns of hybridization in hippocampus and cerebellum indicate that NT-3 is expressed by neurons soon after leaving the mitotic cycle whereas NGF expression is a feature of more mature neurons. The exception to this pattern was NGF expression in the lateral geniculate nuclei which was present by Postnatal Day 1 and retained in the adult. Both neurotrophins were transiently expressed in several brain areas. The loss of expression with age was most striking in thalamus with transient expression of NT-3 mRNA by the majority of dorsal thalamic relay nuclei and of NGF mRNA by fewer nuclei including the posterior, anteroventral, ventrolateral, and ventromedial nuclei. NT-3 expression also was transient in caudal cingulate/retrosplenial cortex, hippocampal CA3 stratum pyramidale, and the granule cells of archicerebellum. In early postnatal cingulate and retrosplenial cortices there were reciprocal rostrocaudal gradients of NGF and NT-3 expression. These results suggest both distinct and overlapping functions for NT-3 and NGF in early developmental processes including involvement of NT-3 in cerebellar development and of NGF in the development and maintenance of visual afferents to thalamus. Patterns of neurotrophin expression in medial limbic cortex may establish trophic gradients which influence the topography of thalamic innervation.
Vaptans for the treatment of hyponatremia

The vaptans constitute a new class of pharmaceuticals developed for the treatment of the hypervolemic and euvolemic forms of hyponatremia. These agents are nonpeptide vasopressin antagonists that interfere with the antidiuretic effect of the hormone by competitively binding to V(2) receptors in the kidney. This blockade results in water diuresis (aquaresis) that, if not offset by increased fluid intake, reduces body water content and raises plasma sodium levels. Probably as a result of this rise in plasma sodium, thirst and plasma vasopressin concentration increase, potentionally limiting the effects of the vasopressin antagonists. Nonetheless, vaptans are particularly useful to treat hypervolemic hyponatremia associated with severe congestive heart failure or chronic liver failure, as the only other treatments currently available, such as fluid restriction and diuretics, are slow-acting and minimally effective. Vaptans are also useful for treating euvolemic hyponatremia associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), at least when it is chronic and/or minimally symptomatic. However, because their effects vary unpredictably from patient to patient, vaptans are less useful than hypertonic saline infusion in cases of acute, severe and symptomatic hyponatremia. Vaptan therapy is absolutely contraindicated in hypovolemic hyponatremia (in which total body water is reduced) and is ineffective in the vasopressin-independent form of inappropriate antidiuresis caused by constitutive activating mutations of V(2) receptors.
Local Effects of Piezopolymer Patches on Inflatable Space-Based Structures

Inflatable structures are often characterized as membranes (that is, structural elements that cannot resist bending moments). This simplification raises the question of whether membrane theory can account for the effects of active, surface-mounted piezopolymer patches. This work discusses these effects on the dynamic behavior of a flat, rectangular coupon section and assesses the patch's ability to sense and actuate transverse deflections of the thin-film substrate using traditional membrane theory. The Rayleigh-Ritz method was employed to approximate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of this layered system. Although including the additional mass of the patch, traditional membrane theory was unable to account for the added stiffness of the patch layer. When the piezoelectric behavior of the patch was considered, membrane theory failed to model the piezopolymer as a useful sensor. Also, excitation of transverse vibrations was not possible using membrane theory, which does not allow application of bending moments. However, piezoelectric actuation was modeled as applied in-plane forces, which enabled the patch to suppress out-of-plane disturbances by altering the tension in the base layer as a function of applied voltage.
Approximation of convex set-valued functions

Abstract Approximation of set-valued functions is introduced and discussed under a convexity assumption. In particular, a theorem on positive linear operators is given.
Application of a quantitative model to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions detected by dynamic, gadolinium‐enhanced MRI

Both benign and malignant breast lesions may exhibit intense contrast enhancement when imaged using gadolinium-enhanced MRI. We propose a quantitative approach for fitting dynamic signal intensity (SI) data that may distinguish benign from malignant lesions. We studied 78 lesions in 75 women (18 malignancies, 16 fibroadenomas, and 44 other benign breast lesions) to determine the potential of this model for decreasing false-positive MR results. Twenty-eight lesions showed no enhancement; all were benign. One lesion showed a complex pattern not amenable to region-of-interest analysis and was considered a false positive. SI versus time data for the remaining 49 lesions were fit to the proposed model. We found that one parameter, M, the normalized slope of the SI enhancement profile evaluated at half the maximal signal intensity, seemed to be highly correlated with malignancy and offered improved discrimination between malignant and benign lesions compared to a previously published two-point slope method.
Concurrent Validity of the Wisc-Iii and Stanford-Binet Iv:

WISC-III and Stanford-Binet IV IQs were correlated for 57 volunteers (27 boys and 30 girls of ages 6 to 17 years) who were tested by 37 graduate students. Order of testing was not counterbalanced. Full Scale IQs on the WISC-III correlated .81 with the Test Composite Standard Age Scores of the Stanford-Binet IV. The average difference between the two tests was less than 2 IQ points. Although the average difference between the two tests was not significant, for some children it was large. Caution is urged when using these assessment instruments as if they provide similar scores.
Global characteristics and structure of hydrogen-air counterflow diffusion flames

A model based on similarity transformation, for the nitrogen-diluted, H 2-air opposed-jet laminar counterflow diffusion flame (CFDF), was developed independently of earlier models, and numerically solved to study flame location and flame structure and extinction limits. Numerical stiffness is handled by a special treatment of the species production term. Flame location with respect to the stagnation plane is identified as an important parameter that governs H2-air diffusion flames, and physical explanations are given to show how flame location is affected by fuel dilution, strain rate, and Lewis number. Results show very good agreement with experimental extinction conditions. The effect of thermal diffusion on the flame is found to be negligible. The simpler, constant Lewis number model produced extinction at half the strain rate compared to the species-dependent Lewis number model. The hydrogen-air CFDF exhibits several characteristics not observed for hydrocarbon flames. The underlying reasons are discussed in terms of the fluid dynamic and chemical kinetic aspects. Am = a = C = cfl = D = Di = Dj = Em = / = h = hi = K = k =
Life Goals and Attributions for Expected Outcomes among Adolescents from Five Ethnic Groups

This research explored the relationships among life goals and attributions for outcomes among 371 adolescents (mean age 14.8 years) from five American ethnic groups: Armenian, Vietnamese, Mexican American, European American, and African American. Adolescents responded to open-ended questions regarding their future goals, expectation of reaching their goals, and attributions for the expected outcome. Results showed that most adolescents set high goals and expected to reach them. Those who expected to reach their goals attributed the outcome more to effort and less to external factors than did those who did not expect success. Compared to European American adolescents, minority group adolescents attributed outcomes more to effort and less to ability. This finding may reflect their belief that they need to work harder to overcome obstacles and stereotypes.
Host Immune Response to Intracellular Bacteria: A Role for MHC-Linked Class-Ib Antigen-Presenting Molecules

MHC-linked class-Ib molecules are a subfamily of class-I molecules that display limited genetic polymorphism. At one time these molecules were considered to have an enigmatic function. However, recent studies have shown that MHC-linked class-Ib molecules can function as antigen presentation structures that bind bacteria-derived epitopes for recognition by CD8+ effector T cells. This role for class-Ib molecules has been demonstrated across broad classes of intracellular bacteria including Listeria moncytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, evidence is emerging that MHC-linked class-Ib molecules also serve an integral role as recognition elements for NK cells as well as several TCR alpha/beta and TCR gamma/delta T-cell subsets. Thus, MHC-linked class-Ib molecules contribute to the host immune response by serving as antigen presentation molecules and recognition ligands in both the innate and adaptive immune response to infection. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the work that supports a role for MHC-linked class-Ib molecules in the host response to infection with intracellular bacteria.
Interferon production in children with respiratory syncytial, influenza, and parainfluenza virus infections

To better understand the recovery process of infants with lower respiratory tract disease due to respiratory syncytial virus, the production of interferon by 129 children (ages 10 days to 24 months) with RSV infection was compared to that of 20 children with influenza (ages 1 to 36 months), and 37 children with parainfluenza virus infection (ages 4 to 66 months). Interferon assays of 285 nasal washes from children with RSV revealed that interferon production occurred in only 5 (4%) of the children. Significantly more children infected with influenza virus, 55% ( P P P P
New Intraband Magneto-Optical Studies on n-InSb

Over the past 20 years magneto-optical studies in semiconductors have proven capable of accurately determining energy band parameters because of the optical transitions that occur between magnetically quantized electronic or impurity states. In addition, interesting features in the optical and photoconductive properties are observed that are caused by the electron-phonon interaction. Here we present some novel features of the magneto-optical properties of n-InSb that represent a new development to this well-established field of solid state physics. Resonances are observed in the CO2 laser-induced magnetophotoconductivity whose positions depend strongly upon photon energy. The results provide the first direct evidence of emission of five optical phonons during the energy relaxation process of the photo-excited electrons created by a CO2 laser in n-InSb. All observed transitions can be described with one single set of band parameters.
Fast partons as a source of energy and momentum in a perturbative quark-gluon plasma

I derive the space-time distribution of energy and momentum deposited by a fast parton traversing a perturbative quark-gluon plasma by considering the fast parton as the source of an external color field interacting with the medium. I include the medium's response to screen the fast parton's color field by incorporating dielectric functions and compare to the unscreened result.
IGT-XML: An XML Format for Interlinearized Glossed Text

We propose a new XML format for representing interlinearized glossed text (IGT), particularly in the context of the documentation and description of endangered languages. The proposed representation, which we call IGT-XML, builds on previous models but provides a more loosely coupled and flexible representation of different annotation layers. Designed to accommodate both selective manual reannotation of individual layers and semi-automatic extension of annotation, IGT-XML is a first step toward partial automation of the production of IGT.
Urinary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury

A change in the serum creatinine is not sensitive for an early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. We evaluated urinary levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), N -acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as biomarkers for the detection of acute kidney injury. Urine samples were collected from 44 patients with various acute and chronic kidney diseases, and from 30 normal subjects in a cross-sectional study. A case–control study of children undergoing cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery included urine specimens from each of 20 patients without and with acute kidney injury. Injury was defined as a greater than 50% increase in the serum creatinine within the first 48 h after surgery. The biomarkers were normalized to the urinary creatinine concentration at 12, 24, and 36 h after surgery with the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve compared for performance. In the cross-sectional study, the area under the curve for MMP-9 was least sensitive followed by KIM-1 and NAG. Combining all three biomarkers achieved a perfect score diagnosing acute kidney injury. In the case–control study, KIM-1 was better than NAG at all time points, but combining both was no better than KIM-1 alone. Urinary MMP-9 was not a sensitive marker in the case–control study. Our results suggest that urinary biomarkers allow diagnosis of acute kidney injury earlier than a rise in serum creatinine.
Multislice computed tomography and X-ray correlation of the classical secondary vascular adaptive features associated with aortic coarctation

Coarctation of the aorta is a discrete narrowing of the vessel which most commonly presents juxtaductal, distal to origin of the left subclavian artery. Its etiology is generally congenital and the resulting pressure overload can result in several adaptive vascular features. Here we present a case of a Hispanic male patient who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to malignant hypertension which was the result of a long standing undiagnosed coarctation. Due to the long standing nature of this patients congenital defect he had a striking example of many of the vascular adaptations associated with coarctation. Ultimately, a successful open surgical repair was undertaken which restored normal perfusion to the lower extremities and normalized upper extremity blood pressure.
REACTION MATRIX CALCULATIONS IN FINITE NUCLEI.

Abstract The binding energy of 16O is calculated using reaction matrix elements obtained from the Hamada-Johnston potential. Reaction matrix elements are defined in terms of a modified harmonic-oscillator spectrum for intermediate states and are calculated using the matrix inversion technique of Kohler and McCarthy. This approach is shown to be very simple and accurate and also very versatile as it allows one to define the low-lying intermediate state spectrum independently from the rest of the spectrum. The dependence of individual matrix elements and total binding energy on the input spectrum is studied in detail. Qualitative arguments are presented to help in choosing a reasonable intermediate-state spectrum to use in first-order Brueckner calculations. However, much work remains before this problem can be completely settled.
Aromatization: important for testosterone's developmental influences on the neurocircuits mediating cervically stimulated prolactin secretion in the female rat.

Abstract Adult female rats treated neonatally with testosterone or estrogen fail to respond to cervical stimulation with episodic prolactin release. The developmental action of testosterone is inhibited by co-administration of 1, 4, 6-androstatriene-3, 17-dione at a dose sufficient to inhibit the testosterone-induced rise in estrogen receptors in limbic brain cell nuclei. These data suggest the importance of aromatization for testosterone action.
Coping Behavior and Verbal Preparation of Black Children Under Stress

Forty-eight 3- and 4-year-old black children were tested to determine the effect of verbal preparation upon their coping behavior in a stress situation. A Solomon four group design was used in order to assess effects of both prior knowledge of and experience with the situation upon coping time. The results of the analyses of data indicated that the interaction of verbal preparation and experience with the stress situation significantly affected coping behavior.
EDI use and participation models: from the inter‐organizational relationship perspective

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is an inter‐organizational information system that requires collaboration and commitment between trading partners. The potential benefits that EDI can offer are substantial. However, the adoption and use of electronic linkages between companies is not as simple, or as profitable as had been expected. This study developed three conceptual models based on four important EDI measurements: EDI volume, diversity, depth, and breadth. Next, this research identified and discussed the evolutionary procedures of and the magnitude of EDI participation that companies tend to adopt in the context of the various environmental factors. Finally, this study produced a number of managerial implications and recommendations.
Simulation of Noise Generation in Near-Nozzle Region of a Chevron Nozzle Jet

This paper reports on the simulation of the near-nozzle region of a moderate Reynolds number cold jet flow exhaustingfrom achevron nozzle.Thechevron nozzleconsideredinthis studyisthe SMC001nozzleexperimentally studied by researchers at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center. This nozzle design contains six symmetric chevrons that have a 5-deg penetration angle. The flow inside the chevron nozzle and the free jet flow outside are computed simultaneously by a high-order accurate, multiblock, large-eddy simulation code with overset grid capability.Theresolutionofthesimulationisabout100milliongridpoints.Themainemphasisofthesimulationisto capture the enhanced shear-layer mixing due to the chevrons and the consequent noise generation that occurs in the mixing layers of the jet within the first few diameters downstream of the nozzle exit. Details of the computational methodology are presented together with an analysis of the simulation results. The simulation data are compared with available experimental measurements of the flowfield and the noise spectrum in the sideline direction. Overall, thesimulationresultsareveryencouraginganddemonstratethefeasibilityofchevronnozzlejetcomputationsusing our simulation methodology. Nomenclature c
Biosynthesis of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid in Convallaria majalis: Studies with N-15 labelled precursors

(R,S)-[1-14C, 15N]Methionine, (R,S)-[1-14C, 2-15N]- and (R,S)-[1-14C, 4-15N]-2,4-diaminobutanoic acid, and [1-13C, carboxyl-14C, 15N]-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid were synthesized and fed to Convallaria majalis plants. The labelled methionine was the most efficient precursor of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (A-2-C), the specific incorporation of the 15N (0.47%) being essentially the same as that of the 14C (0.45%). The A-2-C derived from the labelled 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid was radioactive (specific incorporation of 14C: 0.05, 0.06%); however, a much higher level of activity was found in aspartic and glutamic acid, and 2,4-diaminobutanoic acid is not considered to be a direct precursor of A-2-C in this species. Negligible 14C activity was found in A-2-C after feeding the labelled 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid.
TRAVELLING WAVES PRODUCED BY MOVING SOURCES IN A NONLINEAR REACTIVE-CONVECTIVE SYSTEM

We study the existence of travelling waves that are produced by moving sources in a nonlinear reactive-convective model of reactive flow. The analysis leads to a non-autonomous differential-algebraic system and the existence of solutions is proved using a topological theorem on terminal boundary value problems on ℝ. We also consider an inverse-problem and determine a moving source that leads to a given travelling wave in the system. The ad hoc methods developed herein to analyze the nonautonomous system may be applicable to other problems on infinite domains.
Molecular basis of co‐targeting prostate tumor and stroma

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Northern American men. The lethal phenotypes of human prostate cancer are characterized by progression to androgen-independence (Al) and a propensity to form osseous metastases. In approximately 80% of cases, prostate cancer colonizes bone and elicits a characteristic osteoblastic reaction. The bone metastases are initially sensitive to androgen deprivation treatments, but with time the cancer will eventually progress into an Al stage for which there is currently no effective treatment. Once initial hormonal therapy has failed, median survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases is less than 1 year (Tu et al. [2001] Lancet 357:336-341). Novel therapeutic and preventive strategies are needed to decrease morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Beneficial effect of prednisolone withdrawal followed by human lymphoblastoid interferon on the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis in Asians: a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the effect of interferon and the benefit of prednisolone pretreatment in Oriental patients with chronic active hepatitis B, 120 male Chinese patients were randomly allocated to receive: 1) group A: a 4-week course of prednisolone followed by 2 weeks of no treatment and then a 12-week course of human lymphoblastoid interferon, 4 to 6 MU/m 2 intramuscularly; 2) group B: as group A, but with placebo given instead of prednisolone; 3) group C: an 18-week course of placebo. Clearance of serum hepatitis B virus-DNA and HBeAg (complete response) was achieved in 21% of group A, 5% of group B and none of group C at the end of therapy (A vs B: p =0.054; A vs C: p p p =0.056) and no treatment (9%, p p =0.084) or untreated (22%, p p p
Living Cytology: A New Diagnostic Technique for Malignant Pleural Effusions

The efficacy of a new tissue-culture technique for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions was contrasted with conventional cytologic methods. The new technique is based on the ability of the tissue-culture medium to transform mesothelial cells into fibroblasts while not sustaining lymphoreticular cells. Against a background of fibroblasts, islets of adenocarcinoma are easily identified. Of 20 patients with pleural effusions and solid tumors, the tissue-culture technique correctly diagnosed eight (40 percent), compared to seven (35 percent) for conventional cytologic methods. Of 27 pleural effusions in patients without malignant neoplasms, there was only one probable false-positive.
Heat Shock Protein hsp72 Induction in Cortical and Striatal Astrocytes and Neurons following Infarction

Transient global and transient focal ischemia induced the 72 kDa heat shock protein (hsp72) in neurons in cortex, striatum, and other regions known to be injured during transient ischemia. A novel finding was the induction of hsp72 in islands (cylinders in three dimensions) of cells composed of astrocytes around the perimeter and neurons in the interior. Since histology showed pale staining in these regions, it is proposed that these islands represent areas of focal infarction in the distribution of small cortical and lenticulostriate arteries. Although the factors responsible for hsp72 induction during ischemia and infarction are unknown, these results suggest differences in mechanisms of hsp72 induction in astrocytes compared to neurons.
Social Network Characteristics and Psychological Well-Being: A Replication and Extension

This article represents a replication and extension of a previous study by Israel and her colleagues that investigated the relationship between psychological well-being and social network characteristics. The present research included both a comparable sample of white women (N=104) between the ages of 60 and 68 (as in the original study), and a more extensive adult population of men and women (N=718) between the ages of 50 and 95. The network characteristics examined are categorized along three broad dimensions: Structure—linkages in the overall network (size and density); interaction-nature of the linkages themselves (frequency, geographic dispersion, and reciprocity); and functions that networks provide (affective support and instrumental support). The results indicate a predominance of comparable findings for both the replication and extension studies. Of the eight network characteristics examined, the results of five of the regression analyses were the same across all three studies. The network charac...
Weight loss advice U.S. obese adults receive from health care professionals.

Abstract Objectives To estimate the prevalence of obese patients advised by health professionals about weight loss and weight loss strategies. Methods A national sample of 1873 obese adults (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , ≥ 18 years) was surveyed. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine characteristics associated with receiving weight loss advice, and advice on diet and physical activity. Linear regression was used to evaluate characteristics associated with how much weight loss was advised. Results Among obese adults visiting a physician (past 12 months), 39.0% reported being advised to lose weight. Men had lower odds of being advised to lose weight. Adults 40–49 years of age, reporting fair/poor health, and chronic diseases had greater odds of being advised to lose weight compared to referent groups. Among adults receiving advice on amount of weight to lose, a mean 20.9% total body weight reduction was recommended. Of those advised to lose weight, 64.2% were told to change their diet, 85.7% to increase physical activity, and 58.5% to use both strategies. Conclusions Obese adults should be advised by health professionals more frequently about weight loss and the use of caloric reduction and increased physical activity as the recommended weight loss strategy.