cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Tool for Determining the True Harmonic Current Contribution of a Customer in a Power Distribution Network

Customer loads connected to electricity supply systems may be broadly categorized as either linear or nonlinear. Nonlinear loads inject harmonics into the power network. Harmonics in a power system are classified as either load harmonics or as supply harmonics depending on their origin. The source impedance also impacts the harmonic current flowing in the network. Hence any change in the source impedance is reflected in the harmonic spectrum of the current. This paper proposes a novel method based on Artificial Neural Networks to isolate and evaluate the impact of the source impedance change without disrupting the operation of any load, by using actual field data. The test site chosen for this study has a significant amount of triplen harmonics in the current. By processing the acquired data with the proposed algorithm, the actual load harmonic contribution of the customer is predicted. Experimental results confirm that attempting to predict the total harmonic distortion (THD) of a customer by simply measuring the customer's current may not be accurate. The main advantage of this method is that only waveforms of voltages and currents at the point of common coupling have to be measured. This method is applicable for both single and three phase loads.
Evidence for a thyroxine deiodinating mechanism in the rat thyroid different from iodotyrosine deiodinase.

The deiodinating activity of thyroid, renal and skeletal muscle tissue from severely iodine-depleted rats was studied in vitro with 5-6 hr incubations at 37 C. The media contained 131I-labeled iodothyronines and iodotyrosines which served as a substrate, 10-3M methimazole to block synthesis of new iodoamino acids, and 125I-iodide to monitor the effectiveness of this block. Fresh thyroid tissue decreased the per cent labeled thyroxine (T4) and concomitantly increased the per cent labeled triiodothyronine (T3) present in the media as compared to boiled thyroid, skeletal muscle and tissue-free controls. This resulted in a rise of the T3/T4 ratio. Renal tissue produced a similar rise in the T3/T4 ratio but to a lesser degree than did thyroid. Fresh thyroid also deiodinated labeled mono- (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Unlabeled T4 and T3 added to the media in 10-3M concentration blocked the rise of the T3/T4 ratio, whereas it did not inhibit iodotyrosine deiodination. In contrast, dinitrotyrosine, a known inh...
Cerebrospinal fluid absorption in the rabbit. Inner ear pathways.

Fifteen adult rabbits were perfused intrathecally with horeseradish peroxidase (HRP) for 20-30 min under conditions that prevented any increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Histologic and ultrastructural examination of the cochlea disclosed HRP deposits along the cochlear and vestibular branches of the auditory nerve and beyond their ganglia, in a) epineural and perineural spaces; b) intraneural spaces reaching the membrane of myelinated axons via nodes of Ranvier; and c) extending beyond the epineurium into area lymphatics. HRP was also found in the basilar membrane, along with deposits in the scalae tympani, vestibuli, media and the spiral ligament. The endolymph also received HRP which followed vestibular nerve fibers and penetrated between sustentacular and hair cells of the cristae ampullaris and both maculae. HRP permeated interendothelial spaces lining the modiolus to reach the scala vestibuli lymphatics close to all the above areas were also permeated by HRP, but the inner tunnel was dev...
Selection against small males in utero: a test of the Wells hypothesis.

BACKGROUND The argument that women in stressful environments spontaneously abort their least fit fetuses enjoys wide dissemination despite the fact that several of its most intuitive predictions remain untested. The literature includes no tests, for example, of the hypothesis that these mechanisms select against small for gestational age (SGA) males.
Measuring Nursing Home Resident Satisfaction With Food and Food Service: Initial Testing of the FoodEx-LTC

Background. Malnutrition impacts the quality of life and general health of many older persons living in our nation’s 20,000 nursing homes (1). Despite the urgency of this issue, no instrument that measures resident satisfaction with food and food service was found in an extensive literature search. The purpose of this article is to describe the development and initial testing of a resident satisfaction with food and food service questionnaire (FoodEx-LTC) in the context of the Quality Nutrition Outcomes–Long-Term Care Model. Methods. This pilot study was conducted in two phases. During phase one the instrument was developed, peerreviewed, and pretested. Phase two further tested the instrument using a correlational design, measuring both intermediate and long-term outcomes found on the Quality Nutrition Outcomes–Long-Term Care Model. Results. Hypothesis testing was used to measure construct validity. 4 of 5 FoodEx–LTC domains were significantly correlated with depression, 2 of 5 with serum albumin. The FoodEx-LTC demonstrates acceptable reliability for a new instrument. The coefficient alpha scores ranged from .69–.87 and test–retest correlations ranged from .55–.89, dependent upon domain. Conclusions. FoodEx-LTC appears to be a valid and reliable measure of resident food and food service satisfaction in nursing homes. This line of inquiry is of great importance because perceived quality of food and food service are strongly related to quality of life for residents in nursing homes, and adequate food intake is integral to maintaining weight and preventing protein-calorie malnutrition among elderly residents.
Elastic Constants of Single Crystal Calcium Molybdate (CaMoI4)

The seven elastic compliances and seven elastic constants of single crystal calcium molybdate were determined by a resonance method. The compliance s16, which is zero for higher symmetry tetragonal crystals, need not be zero for crystals of lower tetragonal symmetry and contributes significantly to the orientation dependence of the elastic moduli of calcium molybdate. The values of the compliances and their standard errors (based on 41 measurements) in units of 10−11m2/N are s11= 0.974 + 0.005, s33= 0.958 ± 0.004, s44= 2.720 ± 0.009, s66= 2.471 ± 0.022, s12=−0.380 ± 0.010, s13=−0.230 ± 0.009, and s16= 0.433 ± 0.010.
Grünbaum on the Conventionality of Geometry

Physical geometry is an especially good case study for one interested in the problem of conventionalism in science for at least two reasons. First, there exist a large number of alternative geometrical theories which have all been extensively investigated. This contrasts sharply with most other areas of science in which ‘alternatives’ are largely conjectural. Thus, in the case of geometry, claims that our theories are in some sense conventional or arbitrary, in that we could just as well have had others, at least have more substance. Second, the issue of the conventionality of geometry appears to depend on one particular problem: the status of our methods of measuring length or our ‘congruence definitions’. Whether physical geometry is in some sense arbitrary or conventional depends on whether there is a sense in which our methods of measurement or our ‘congruence definitions’ are arbitrary or conventional. This, of course, simply reflects the mathematical fact that all the properties of a geometry are determined once a metric is determined.
The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS): Status Report November 1997

The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) began regular survey observations at the Northern Hemisphere 2MASS facility at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona in June 1997. At the time of this writing approximately 10% of the entire sky has been observed. The Southern Hemisphere facility at Cerro Tololo is scheduled to begin taking data in February 1998. 2MASS hopes to release its first increment of data to the community in the first half of 1999.
Chronic relapsing axonal neuropathy responsive to intravenous immunoglobulin

Chronic relapsing axonal neuropathy is uncommon. I describe a 68-year-old patient who responded rapidly and repeatedly to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.
Natural enemy ecology: comparing the effects of predation risk, infection risk and disease on host behaviour

Summary 1. Growing interest in unifying the field of natural enemy ecology has revealed similarities between predation and parasitism. In parallel with predation, parasite infection – and even the threat of infection – can alter host traits and indirectly affect community interactions. Nonetheless, few studies have considered multiple mechanisms of natural enemy-induced behavioural alteration in parallel (e.g. effects before and after enemy contact) or the factors that drive variation in behavioural responses. 2. We first evaluated how the threat of infection by a virulent trematode (Ribeiroia ondatrae) compared to the well studied risk of predation in triggering inducible defences in amphibian hosts, prior to direct contact with either enemy. We then evaluated five separate factors that influenced the magnitude of parasite-induced behavioural changes after successful transmission. 3. In both the laboratory and an outdoor mesocosm experiment, we found no evidence that tadpoles of two species (Pseudacris regilla and Anaxyrus boreas) altered their activity levels in response to chemical cues from uninfected host snails, trematode-infected snails, or from conspecifics actively becoming infected. In contrast, tadpoles sharply reduced their activity in response to lethal predation risks posed by caged dragonfly larvae. 4. After infection, however, Ribeiroia caused strong decreases in host activity and escape distance that correlated positively with infection intensity and negatively with host size and developmental stage. Five days after infection with a one-time pulse exposure, hosts recovered to near-normal activity levels. Hosts exposed to a chronic daily exposure of equal intensity, however, continued to decrease activity. Unlike Ribeiroia, two less virulent trematodes had no detectable effects on host behaviour. 5. Our results highlight key distinctions between predation and parasitism. The contrasting effects prior to enemy contact may stem from the fact that unlike predation, the consequences of macroparasite infection are intensity-dependent and unpredictable. In contrast, the strong changes in host behaviour after infection are more similar to non-consumptive predator effects in terms of their potential influences on host fitness and community interactions.
Fluorescence and electron microscopic studies of the early development of the substantia nigra and area ventralis tegmenti in the fetal rabbit.

The anlage of the substantia nigra compacta and the area ventralis tegmenti appears as a fluorescent zone in the midventral proliferation in the caudal mesencephalon of the rabbit at day 14 of gestation. Fluorescence is present in cell bodies and their processes in the mantle layer of the basal plate just ventral to the ependymal zone. By day 16 of gestation, the number of fluorescent cells and processes has increased, and they form an inverted “V” shaped zone in the midline mantle layer. A fluorescent fiber tract, the presumptive mesolimbic and nigroneostriatal pathway, extends from the fluorescent zone through the lateral hypothalamus as far as the caudal portion of the telencephalon. Electron microscopic studies of the inverted “V” shaped anlage show that most of the cells are spindle-shaped bipolar neuroblasts, but some globular neuroblasts are present as well. The large 800 to 1000 A dense core vesicle is found in the perikarya of the neuroblasts and also in processes in the neuropil. Axonal growth cones are common, but synaptic profiles are rare. By day 18 of gestation, some of the fluorescent cell bodies have migrated lateral to midline and as far rostral as the central portion of the midbrain. Fluorescent axons of the presumptive nigroneostriatal pathway have reached the putamen and have formed minute varicose terminals. These axons, therefore, have reached their terminal nucleus before their cell bodies have finished migrating to their final positions. Electron microscopic study of the anlage located lateral to midline shows that the cells are multipolar and exhibit extensive new growth of dendrites. Immature synaptic profiles and a few mature junctions are occasionally found in the neuropil. By day 20 of gestation, a distinct substantia nigra compacta and reticulata can be recognized lateral to the area ventralis tegmenti. The neurons of the substantia nigra have relatively abundant perikaryal cytoplasm and the cells are frequently adjacent to one another. The perikarya of the area ventralis are some what smaller and they are spaced more widely apart. Large dense core vesicles are present in some perikarya of both regions. Synaptic terminals are more common, but still not numerous. The meso-limbic and nigroneostriatal pathway are well established at this stage.
Parenting needs, goals, & strategies of adolescent mothers.

The purpose was to identify and organize the perceived needs goals and strategies of teen mothers. Qualitative using a microethnographic design. Data collection strategies included focus groups and interviews in a naturalistic setting. The sample consisted of five unmarried 18-year-old mothers enrolled in an urban high school in a southern state. Data were analyzed using a clustering technique and a modified multistage method of content analysis. Teen mothers identified their needs as support and knowledge. Goals were happiness independence and career and strategies were a support group life skills education formal education and a job. A model was developed incorporating these themes. Nurses can use the findings of this study to develop support groups for adolescent mothers that offer peer support and education about teen and child needs are flexible and multidisciplinary are supportive and accepting have a comfortable physical environment and include the adolescents’ children and occasionally grandparents. (authors)
Structured patterns from random fields

The problem of modeling structured textures and image data with random field models is discussed. Random field models have recently been applied to a variety of problems such as image enhancement, segmentation, and coding. The models have been shown to successfully reproduce a variety of stochastic patterns, but have not been successful for capturing structure in patterns. Two possible solutions to the structured pattern problem are examined. The first solution is based on the structure present in the initial state of the random process, and the second is based on a relationship between internal random field interactions and coupling to a set of external constraints. >
IgG4-positive sclerosing orbital inflammation involving the conjunctiva: a case report.

Purpose: To describe IgG4-positive sclerosing orbital inflammation with prominent conjunctival and scleral involvement.Design: Case report.Methods: Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlation.Results: A 66-year-old man presented with right eye redness and irritation. Examination revealed unilateral scleritis and nongranulomatous anterior uveitis with elevated p-ANCA and CRP. Orbital CT scan showed inferotemporal scleral thickening. Biopsy revealed sclerosis and IgG4-positive plasma cells in the conjunctiva and inferior rectus.Conclusions: IgG4-mediated sclerosing inflammation is well-recognized in the orbit and adnexa, particularly the lacrimal gland. Scleritis with anterior uveitis should be recognized as a possible presentation for this entity, which has important systemic associations.
Multiple emissions from charge transfer excited states of ruthenium(II)—polypyridine complexes

Abstract The complex cis-[(bpy)2Ru 2]4+ (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine) has been prepared by methylation of (bpy)2Ru 2]2+. Electrochemical studies show that introduction of the bound pyridinium group creates a chemically attached electron acceptor site (E1/2 = −0.76 V in 0.1 M [N(n-C4H9)4]PF6-acetonitrile versus the SSCE). Evidence for a low-lying dπ — π* charge transfer (CT) state has been obtained by the appearance of a low energy emission at λmax 680 nm in ecetonitrile (τ0 = 104 ns) and for an upper dπ — π* (bpy) state by a higher energy emission at 580 nm in a methanol glass at 77 K (τ0 = 7.59 μs). Both emissions appear in a water—ethylene glycol solution containing 5% by weight polyvinyl alcohol at room temperature.
North American tree squirrels and ground squirrels with overlapping ranges host different Cryptosporidium species and genotypes

Wildlife-associated Cryptosporidium are an emerging cause of cryptosporidiosis in humans. The present study was undertaken to determine the extent to which North American tree squirrels and ground squirrels host zoonotic Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. Fragments of the Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA and actin genes were amplified and sequenced from fecal samples obtained from three tree squirrel and three ground squirrel species. In tree squirrels, Cryptosporidium was identified in 40.5% (17/42) of American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), 40.4% (55/136) of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and 28.6% (2/7) of fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). Human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and Cryptosporidium skunk genotype were the most prevalent species/genotypes in tree squirrels. Because tree squirrels live in close proximity to humans and are frequently infected with potentially zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, they may be a significant reservoir of infection in humans. In ground squirrels, Cryptosporidium was detected in 70.2% (33/47) of 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), 35.1% (27/77) of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), and the only golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) that was sampled. Cryptosporidium rubeyi and ground squirrel genotypes I, II, and III were identified in isolates from these ground squirrel species. In contrast to the Cryptosporidium infecting tree squirrels, these species/genotypes appear to be specific for ground squirrels and are not associated with human disease.
Capture of complexity of specialty care in pediatric cardiology by work RVU measures.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the relationship between relative value units (RVUs) and intended measures of work in catheterization for congenital heart disease. METHODS: RVU was determined by matching RVU values to Current Procedural Terminology codes generated for cases performed at a single institution. Differences in median case duration, radiation exposure, adverse events, and RVU values by risk category and cases were assessed. Interventional case types were ranked from lowest to highest median RVU value, and correlations with case duration, radiation dose, and a cases-predicted probability of an adverse event were quantified with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Between January 2008 and December 2010, 3557 of 4011 cases were identified with an RVU and risk category designation, of which 2982 were assigned a case type. Median RVU values, radiation dose, and case duration increased with procedure risk category. Although all diagnostic cases had similar RVU values (median 10), adverse event rates ranged from 6% to 21% by age group ( P P = .13, P = .62, and P = .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Time, skill, and stress inherent to performing catheterization procedures for congenital heart disease are not captured by measurement of RVU alone.
A Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model of the Human Knee Joint. Part 1: Theoretical Construct

A three-dimensional model of the knee is developed to study the interactions between the muscles, ligaments, and bones during activity. The geometry of the distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella is based on cadaver data reported for an average-size knee. The shapes of the femoral condyles are represented by high-order polynomials; the tibial plateaux and patellar facets are approximated as flat surfaces. The contacting surfaces of the femur and tibia are modeled as deformable, while those of the femur and patella are assumed to be rigid. Interpenetration of the femur and tibia is taken into account by modeling cartilage as a thin, linear, elastic layer, mounted on rigid bone. Twelve elastic elements describe the geometry and mechanical properties of the cruciate ligaments, the collateral ligaments, and the posterior capsule. The model is actuated by thirteen musculotendinous units, each unit modeled as a three-element muscle in series with tendon. The path of each muscle is approximated as a straight line, except where it contacts and wraps around bone and other muscles; changes in muscle paths are taken into account using data obtained from MRI. In the first part of this paper, the model is used to simulate passive knee flexion. Quantitative comparisons of the model results with experimental data reported in the literature indicate that the relative movements of the bones and the geometry of the ligaments and muscles in the model are similar to those evident in the real knee. In Part II, the model is used to describe knee-ligament function during anterior-posterior draw, axial rotation, and isometric knee-extension and knee-flexion exercises.
Advances in Neuroinfectious Disorders

Advances in therapy, outcome, and prediction of neurological infections published in the past year are reviewed from the University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center.
Changes in dental classification during the first 4 years of military service.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the way in which the oral health of recruits changed during the 4 years immediately after entry on active duty. Methods: In 1998, 1,331 dental records of recruits in the 1994 Tri-Service Comprehensive Oral Health Survey were located, and treatment data were analyzed. Results: Class 1, treatment complete or no treatment indicated, was achieved by 61.2% (95% confidence interval, 58.4–64.0) of service members during the 4-year study period. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps percentages did not significantly differ in the range of 50% to 60%. The Air Force was significantly higher at 89.5% achieving class 1. Conclusions: All services were successful in achieving and maintaining operational readiness among 1994 recruits who spent 93% of their first 4 years of military service in a deployable oral health status (class 1 or 2). A significant number of recruits (38.8%) never achieved complete oral health (class 1).
Self-healing vesicles deposit lipid-coated Janus particles into nanoscopic trenches.

Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we model the interaction between nanoscopic lipid vesicles and Janus nanoparticles localized on an adhesive substrate in the presence of an imposed flow. The system is immersed in a hydrophilic solution, and the hydrophilic substrate contains nanoscopic trenches, which are either step- or wedge-shaped. The fluid-driven vesicle successfully picks up Janus particles on the substrate, transports these particles as cargo along the surface, and then drops off the particles into the trenches. For Janus particles with a relatively large hydrophobic region, lipids from the bilayer membrane become detached from the vesicle and bound to the hydrophobic domain of the deposited particle. While the detachment of these lipids rips the vesicle, it provides a coating that effectively shields the hydrophobic portion of the nanoparticle from the outer solution. After the particle has been dropped off, the torn vesicle undergoes structural rearrangement, reforming into ...
Horace Greeley and the Politicians: The Liberal Republican Convention in 1872

H iSTORIANS have long had a simple explanation for the nomination of Horace Greeley at the Liberal Republican convention in 1872. According to most historical accounts, certain professional politicians took control of the convention from the inexperienced reformers who had called it and who had intended to nominate Charles Francis Adams or Lyman Trumbull. The politicians settled upon Greeley as their candidate and nominated him by a simple maneuver. First, they made an alliance with one of the contenders, B. Gratz Brown, who withdrew from the contest after the first ballot. Thereafter the politicians deftly managed their well-disciplined minority and on the sixth ballot stampeded the convention to Greeley. In return, the Greeley delegates helped nominate Brown for the vice presidency. Thus the high idealism of the reform convention ended in a crass bargain manipulated by politicians. This explanation emerged immediately after the convention adjourned. Henry Demarest Lloyd, one of the disappointed reform delegates at the convention, attributed Greeley's nomination "by a convention which I firmly believe to have been opposed to him even while it nominated him" to the free traders' surrender of principle by accepting a compromise-tariff plank. But of equal importance was "the fact that Mr. Greeley was the only candidate who had behind him an efficient, skillful, well-trained, energetic working force.... Adams had the majority, but the Greeley minority had the mastery of political machinery, which will overcome the strongest undoubted majority."' Such views were restated innumerable times during the weeks following the Cincinnati convention.2
Effect of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection on phosphate transfer and modification by cortisone.

SummaryInfection of mice with virus of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis induced an enhanced rate of phosphate transfer from blood to brain tissues, which could be markedly reduced by pretreatment of the infected animals with cortisone. Non-specific alteration of phosphate transfer to brain tissue could also be suppressed to a similar degree by cortisone treatment. Comparison of the E.E.E. virus growth in both cortisone-treated and untreated animals showed no effect of cortisone on rate of virus proliferation. The effect of this neurotropic virus infection on rate of phosphate transfer from blood to brain acid-soluble phosphates appeared to be due to inflammation, rather than to a specific metabolic requirement for virus synthesis.
Evaluation of MOH /GAVI project for improving timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccina-tion in Qiandongnan,Guizhou

Objective To evaluate the effective measures of MOH/GAVI project to improve the timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou Province. Methods Baseline and assessment surveys were conducted before and after implementation of MOH / GAVI project respectively. Vaccination and management was investigated in county CDCs,medical and health institutions for delivery,and one of township hospitals from different three level towns. One village was chosen in each level town of all counties. Five children born in 2009 and five pregnant women were randomly chosen from the village to conduct the hepatitis B vaccination KAP questionnaire. The timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in 2011 were conducted in the assessment survey by randomly sampling in one medical and health institution for delivery and one township hospital.Five children born at home and hospital respectively were investigated for the status of timely birth dose of hepatitis B vaccination and their mothers or guardians were surveyed by KAP questionnaires. The information above and conventional hepatitis B vaccination reports and other information were used to analyze theimplementation and its influencing factors. Results The reported timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination has been significantly improved from 54. 93% in 2009 to 92. 05% in 2011 after implementation of MOH / GAVI project for one year. The birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination reached the goal of more than 75% in counties. Awareness rate of hepatitis B vaccination for pregnant women and hospitalized delivery rate of pregnant women in rural area have increased from 30. 4%( 437 /1 439) to 69. 9%( 202/289) and from 79. 8%( 41 231/51 668) to 89. 9%( 44 494/ 49 488)( all P 0. 01). The rate of pregnant women production in hospital was 99. 2%( 247 /249),higher than that in self-house( 84. 8%,39 /46)( P 0. 01). Conclusion Large progress has been made after the implementation of project for improving timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination in Qiandongnan,Guizhou. It is still the focus of future work to improve the rate of hospital birth and timely birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccination for children delivered at home.
The production of varicella zoster virus antiserum in laboratory animals

Hyperimmune anti-varicella zoster virus (VZV) antisera were prepared in BALB/c mice, Lewis rats and New Zealand rabbits by subcutaneous inoculations of purified VZ virions suspended in Freund's adjuvant. VZV antibodies were demonstrated both by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by indirect immunofluorescence (IF). VZV could not be detected in organs of any inoculated animals by IF or by cocultivation of tissue fragments from infected animals with human diploid fibroblasts.
E-064 single center analysis of the safety and efficacy of a streamlined stroke admission paradigm

Introduction For every minute of delay in stroke treatment, a patient loses 1.9 million brain cells. Our institution has implemented an expeditious FastTrack protocol for suspected stroke patients whereby the patient bypasses traditional ED admission and is taken directly to CR to be evaluated by the stroke team. This paradigm has facilitated faster times to treatment which we hope will lead to better outcomes. This abstract explores the safety and efficacy of a FastTrack approach to initial stroke management. Methods We retrospectively reviewed those patients who presented to the ED as stroke team activations immediately upon arrival between September 2014 until February 2015; 3 months prior to and 2 months after the introduction of FastTrack. The patient population includes anterior and posterior circulation ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes who may or may not have received tPA. Excluded were patients with initial CT times greater than 24 h post admission, as these patients likely did not present to the hospital for stroke. We sought to compare the traditional ED admission with the FastTrack protocol. Results We identified a total of 211 patients who had undergone a stroke team activation, 157 of which occurred before FastTrack was implemented and 54 patients in the post FastTrack group. Patient ages ranged from 44 to 96 with a mean of 78 (±12.88). In the pre-FastTrack group, time from door to CT ranged from 1 to 2733 min with a mean of 76.6 ± 282 and a median of 20 min with an IQR of 22.25. In the post-FastTrack group the time to CT ranged from 2 to 1458 min with a mean of 76.3 ± 226.9 and a median of 15 min with an IQR of 30. Of the 211 patients, we found no evidence of sub optimal patient care. Conclusion We sought to explore the safety and efficacy of the FastTrack protocol in reducing door to CT time as a measure of stroke team response while maintaining good patient care. We found that an expedited route through the ED may save valuable minutes in stroke assessment, treatment and intervention. Further studies are needed to establish the role of faster admission protocols on suspected strokes. Disclosures T. Sabharwal: None. K. Sivakumar: None. K. Arcot: None. H. Dababneh: None. R. Kumar: None. J. Farkas: None.
Rewriting Empathy in Max Scheler

Max Scheler provides a penetrating phenomenological inquiry into diverse forms of sympathy in which he explicitly includes “empathy.” Scheler’s inquiry and phenomenological analysis of vicarious feeling and experience is especially penetrating as Scheler explicitly raises the philosophical problem of other minds and criticizes the approaches of the argument from analogy and Theodor Lipps’ “projective empathy.” Scheler’s own inquiry into vicarious feeling identifies experiences that have not been adequately recognized and described as enabling the accessibility of the other individual within the context of radical relatedness to the other. Scheler privileges his own theory, Fremdwahrnehmung, or the perception of the other (alter ego), but arguably goes astray into a pan-psychism and empirical impasse.
A New Science of Heat

The reading selections in the next several chapters of the present volume are from Alexander Freeman’s 1878 English translation of Fourier’s 1822 Theorie Analytique de la Chaleur. This treatise expanded on the famous paper of 1807 in which Fourier employed Newton’s law of cooling to advance a mathematically precise theory of heat diffusion through bodies of various shapes, sizes and compositions.
Predicting the effects of eWOM and online brand messaging: Source trust, bandwagon effect and innovation adoption factors

Abstract This study examined the integrative effects of a brand’s online product description, eWOM content, digital retail platforms and innovation adoption factors on a consumer’s decision-making process. Results from a between-subject experiment (N = 231) suggest that consumer perceptions of product-description usefulness, technology fluidity, product usefulness, product-use ease, consumer-review trustworthiness, consumer-review usefulness, user ratings of consumer reviews and retail-platform trustworthiness have a direct or indirect effect on their attitude and purchase intention toward the technology product.
Multiple Homology Analyses of the flaA Gene of Campylobacter Jejuni

The sequences of the flaA gene of three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of C. coli have been published to date. PCR-RFLP analyses of the flaA gene have shown enough variation of the gene to be useful for epidemiological tracking of the organism. The flagella is a potential target for vaccination. A recombinant pan-specific vaccine will require analyses to determine if any potential epitopes are conserved through the species. To add to the data the DNA sequence of the flaA gene of five strains of C. jejuni has been generated to date and compared. The DNA fragments were produced by PCR and cloned into pCR II in triplicate and sequential forward and reverse primers were used for sequencing. The sequences could be roughly grouped into two families. Within one family, two Lior serotype 5 strains had remarkable homology with the sequence published for the Lior serotype 6 strain 81116 published by Nuijten et al., each strain only varying by two base pairs. Up to 10% dis-homology was found. The greatest variation occurred between bases around 1000 to 1300 of the 1760 basepair sequence. This corresponds to the portion of the gene that encodes the predicted major antigenic epitopes. Except for the tight group mentioned above, the flaA genes were more closely related to the published sequences for flaB gene of the same strain than to the sequence from any other strain. This would suggest that crossover recombination is more probable within the strain than between strains.
Characterization and modeling of three-dimensional self-healing shape memory alloy-reinforced metal-matrix composites

Abstract In this work, three-dimensional metal-matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are modeled and simulated, by adopting an SMA constitutive model accounting for elastic deformation, phase transformation and plastic behavior. A modeling method to create composites with pre-strained SMA wires is also proposed to improve the self-healing ability. Experimental validation is provided with a composite under three-point bending. This modeling method is applied in a series of finite element simulations to investigate the self-healing effects in pre-cracked composites, especially the role of the SMA reinforcement, the softening property of the matrix, and the effect of pre-strain in the SMA. The results demonstrate that SMA reinforcements provide stronger shape recovery ability than other, non-transforming materials. The softening property of the metallic matrix and the pre-strain in SMA are also beneficial to help crack closure and healing. This modeling approach can serve as an efficient tool to design SMA-reinforced MMCs with optimal self-healing properties that have potential applications in components needing a high level of reliability.
Parental Divorce and Children’s Schooling in Rural Malawi

A growing body of literature has examined the impact of different types of family structures on children’s schooling in sub-Saharan Africa. These studies have investigated how living arrangements, gender of the household head, parental death, and paternal migration are related to schooling. Although many sub-Saharan African countries have high divorce rates, very few studies have explored the impact of parental divorce on children’s schooling. The present study uses three waves of data from the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) to investigate the effect of parental divorce on children’s schooling and the possible mechanisms driving this relationship. Unlike prior studies, this study uses child-level fixed-effects models to control for selection into divorce. Results show that parental divorce is associated with lower grade attainment and a larger schooling gap, defined as the number of years a child is behind in school (among children currently attending school). Although no association exists between parental divorce and current school attendance, girls affected by divorce are significantly less likely to be attending school. Differences in economic resources, maternal coresidence, or maternal psychological well-being do not explain the relationship between parental divorce and children’s schooling.
Novel and Lost Forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from New Estimates of Settlement-Era Composition, Stem Density, and Biomass.

National Science Foundation PaIEON MacroSystems Biology [DEB-1065702, DEB-1065656, DEB-1065848, DEB-1065732]
Ring resonator thermometry

We report on our study of a temperature response of ring resonator based sensors and their interchangeability over a wide temperature range. Our results suggest that with a proper fabrication process control the interchangeability in photonic thermometers can be on a 0.2 °C tolerance band.
Bayesian Statistics in Computational Anatomy

Computational anatomy is the science of anatomical shape examined by deforming a template organ into a subject organ. It compares and contrasts organ shapes to inspire personalized treatments or find group differences in case-control studies. Independently of the transformation model used, the task of finding deformations between organs is a statistical task concerned with estimating parameters. Recently it has become important to go beyond “best” estimates and quantify the variability of estimates. The variability is caused by noise in the image, model misspecification, or sampling variability in an observational study. Bayesian statistics provides a rigorous framework to build models that can quantify uncertainty. In this book chapter, we will review some of the basics of Bayesian statistics and relate it to our own experience in applying Bayesian ideas in computational anatomy. We will divide the presentation into two parts. First, we formulate image registration using parametric Bayesian statistics and elaborate on some of the practical difficulties that we encountered in our own work. Second, we will give an example of nonparametric Bayesian statistics applied to clustering of deformation fields into parcels of contiguous voxels.
Yeomans, Rory (ed.), The Utopia of Terror: Life and Death in Wartime Croatia

‘History teaches us’, wrote a leading Ustasha politician in Croatia in 1941, ‘that if we were not Catholics, we should cease to exist’ (p. 173). This apparently unequivocal prioritization of religi...
Cities in a Globalizing World

This chapter explores in some statistical detail the growth and spread of cities in various parts of the world since the nineteenth century. It is argued that globalization has engendered a mosaic of giant city-regions that function increasingly as the motors of the world economy.
Active variable reactance rectifier — A new approach to compensating for coupling variations in wireless power transfer systems

This paper introduces a new approach to compensating for coupling variations in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems using an active variable reactance (AVR) rectifier. The AVR rectifier incorporates a lossless resonant network and two actively-controlled bridge rectifiers, which are interfaced with the output of the WPT system using dc-dc converters. The input reactance of the AVR rectifier can be continuously varied by changing the relative voltages at its two outputs while maintaining soft-switching of the rectifier transistors, enabling the rectifier to compensate for coupler misalignments while achieving high efficiency at high switching frequencies. The AVR rectifier also ensures that the output power of the WPT system is maintained at a fixed level even during coupler misalignments. A prototype AVR rectifier is designed, built and tested with a 6.78-MHz 20-W capacitive WPT system for tablet charging applications. The system is able to fully compensate, i.e., maintain a fixed output power level, for up to 50% lateral misalignments in the capacitive coupler, while maintaining high efficiency.
Eliminating porosity via reformulation of a benzoxazine–epoxy resin transfer molding resin:

Use of benzoxazine resins in composites is limited by volatile-induced porosity, which degrades the thermomechanical properties of the product. In the present study, we demonstrate how to eliminate cure-induced volatilization and volatile-induced defects in benzoxazine composite laminates, using a chemistry-based approach. Like most resins formulated for high-temperature service, benzoxazine and benzoxazine–epoxy blends generally include solvent additives. Consequently, composite parts produced with such resins exhibit higher levels of cure-induced volatile release, often leading to porosity in the final manufactured part. Here, we develop a method to eliminate porosity by analyzing volatile release and the effects of residual solvent in a pre-commercial benzoxazine–epoxy system designed for liquid molding by resin transfer molding. Utilizing thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis, we correlate the concentration of residual solvent remaining wi...
RAFT Polymerization for the Synthesis of Tertiary Amine-Based Diblock Copolymer Nucleic Acid Delivery Vehicles

The synthesis and characterization of a family of nine pH-responsive, diblock copolymers designed to effectively deliver nucleic acids are reported. The stabilizing A block is comprised of an oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate to impart water solubility. The cationic blocks of varying degrees of polymerization (DPs) are derived from three pH responsive, tertiary amine-containing methacrylates capable of complexing negatively charged nucleic acids. The cytotoxicity studies utilizing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) and Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells indicate no decrease of cell viability with the diblock copolymers, with the exception of the two highest DPs of the cationic blocks with ethyl-substitutes tertiary amine. Gene knockdown experiments indicate high siRNA delivery and MYC gene knockdown in MCF-7 breast cancer cells for eight of the nine studied block copolymers. The results of the current study enable further development of the pH-responsive copolymer family for promising nucleic acid delivery vehicles applicable for clinical use.
Abstract 18333: Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction is an Uncommon Finding in a Pre-modern Society With High Inflammation and Low Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Introduction: Ischemic cardiomyopathy from coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in developed nations. However, the natural history of cardiovascular disease in contemporary pr...
The Relevance of Hypnotizability in Clinical Behavior

Scepticism regarding hypnosis and its clinical value can be countered by the accumulation of knowledge. Separating the effects of hypnosis from the influence of other factors common to several treatment methods contributes importantly to this. Hypnotizability ratings in the experimental context set the stage, initially, for the growth of information. Clinical studies using the rating scales developed in the laboratory continue to reveal that the incidence of specific clinical behaviors correlates well with hypnotizability. This contributes to our understanding of diagnosis and treatment in both psychiatric and psychosomatic problems.
“Emperor Hundun 渾沌”: A Cultural Hermeneutic

Among the four reading-levels, the textual and exegetical levels of Zhuangzi’s Hundun-story are problem-free, and so we focus expository-wise on its conspicuous hospitality (not fighting as other myths) with nine implications. Then, hermeneutically, we see Hundun instructing us against clarity toward unclarity—cosmological, self-composing, cognitive, and communal—of kindly humus, in cosmic confusion, sleep and idleness, mist and pond-dragonfly, and non-ruling people-sovereignty. Pan-hospitality is our Emperor Hundun’s non-arbitrary imperative to nurture life.
Principles Of Rhizobium Strain Selection

The following account outlines one approach to the selection Rhizobium strains for use in legume seed inoculants. The procedures described were used successfully in a specific program concerned with the selection of appropriate rhizobia for forage legume introductions in acid, infertile soils of tropical Latin America (Halliday, 1979). The principles underlying the approach apply equally well to other programs, and some examples of alternative methodologies are mentioned in the text. Provided they take account of the underlying principles of Rhizobium strain selection stressed in this article, individual investigators can modify the techniques and improvise with equipment to suit their own purposes and the facilities available to them.
Improving Patient-Provider Communication: Evolution of a Tool to Assess Physical Therapist Students’ Spanish-Language Proficiency

Communication is at the foundation of safe and effective health care. When patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) have healthcare providers who do not speak their language, the communicati...
Social Cognition and Social Reality: Information Acquisition and use in the Laboratory and the Real World

Social cognition research has generated widespread interest in recent years. Although researchers may differ in the specific concepts and methods they have in mind when they speak of “social cognition”, they generally agree that the ultimate goal of their research is to identify the cognitive processes that presumably mediate people’s responses to the information they encounter in social contexts. The “input” variables of concern include the content, source, and context of information available in the social environment. Prominently studied “output” variables include attitudes, beliefs, judgments, and occasionally, overt physical behavior. The objective of social cognition research is to specify the cognitive processes linking these variables.