cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Clinical Stage and Performance Status With Quality of Life in Patients Seen in a Pancreas Multidisciplinary Clinic

The objectives of this study were to evaluate qual- ityoflife(QoL)inpatientspresentingtotheJohnsHopkinsPancreas Multidisciplinary Clinic (PMDC), and to examine associations be- tween disease status, performance status, and QoL in order to identify patient subgroups that are most at risk for reduced QoL. Patients and Methods: Data from 77 patients were evalu- ated. At initial presentation, disease and performance status were assessed, as well as QoL, which was obtained with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-PAN26 questionnaire. Statistical analyses examined asso- ciations between QoL, disease status, and performance status. Results: Digestive symptoms (P.003) significantly differed by pancreatic disease status (resectable, resected, locally ad- vanced, and metastatic). Patients with a worse performance sta- tus, defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 1, were more likely to report symptomatic pancreatic pain (P.001), digestive symptoms (P.017), cachexia (P.004), and ascites (P.001) compared with patients with a performance status of 0. The majority (92%) of patients reported a significant fear of future health problems, regardless of disease status or perfor- mance status. Conclusion: Although several measures of QoL have been observed in all patients, certain measures appear to correlate specifically with worse disease status. Therefore, routine assess- ment of QoL is suggested in order to guide treatment decisions. Further investigation on optimizing the use of QoL measures and patient-reported outcomes to better tailor management is warranted.
Fooling Oneself: The Mythology of Hegemony

Hegemony Constrained: Evasion, Modification, and Resistance to American Foreign Policy. Edited by Davis B. Bobrow Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008. 368 pp., $27.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 9780822959823). More than a catalogue of techniques other governments use to resist U.S. titular hegemony, this book informs an important question, long-debated, about the concept of hegemony. If the United States is a hegemon, why does a balance of power, composed of rivals that severely disagree with hegemonic domination, not form against the dominant United States? Building on the guidelines proposed by Wohlstetter (1964, 1968) and Elmore (1985) for the making of sound policy, namely, to see the world through the lens of the other so as to anticipate what others might conclude and do, the book critiques the very notion of hegemony. In this review, I argue from the perspective that the current conception of hegemony has neither historical nor theoretical justification (Doran 1991, pp. 117–121), and that many of the categories and examples assessed here bear witness to this reality. Joseph Nye (1990) distinguished between hegemony based on domination and control and a state carrying out a leadership role. Historically, as Doran (1971) argued, all military attempts at hegemonic domination in the central system failed; other members of the system rolled back these bids for hegemony forcefully, and the subsequent peace was neither designed nor governed (Ikenberry 1989; Ikenberry and Kupchan 1990; Gaddis 2002) by any single state. Hegemony therefore involved attempts at centralized control, but never realized control. Instead, equilibrium among highly unequal states (Kissinger 2005) preserved the de-centralized nature of the international system (Vasquez 1993). Mearsheimer (2001) concurred that, as opposed to regions (Hurrell 2004) such as Eastern Europe under the Soviet Union or as opposed to the relationship between colonies and mother country (Mckeown 1983), hegemony in the central system never existed. The central international system is pluralistic, de-centralized, and subject to the rules of balance. Across long periods of history, the structure …
Which type of mid‐urethral sling procedure should be chosen for treatment of stress urinary incontinance with intrinsic sphincter deficiency? Tension‐free vaginal tape or transobturator tape

Objective. To compare tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with intrinsic sphincter deficiency. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Gynecology department, Bakirkoy Women and Childrens’ Hospital, Istanbul. Sample. Three hundred women urodynamically diagnosed with stress incontinence with intrinsic sphincter deficiency underwent synthetic mid-urethral sling procedures (TVT180, TOT 120). Methods. Before the operation, a complete medical history was taken and a gynecologic examination was performed. Subjects with detrusor overactivity or previous sling surgery were excluded. Clinical checkups were conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months, and then annually. Main outcome measures. Intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, and subjective cure rates. Results. There were no significant differences in demographics between the TVT and TOT groups: mean age, parity, body mass index, menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy. At a mean follow-up of 31.29 9.1 (range 1246) months, the overall cure rates were 78.3% for TVT and 52.5% TOT (pB0.0001). The risk of treatment failure in women who received TOT was 4.9 times higher than in women who underwent TVT. There were no significant differences in perioperative and postoperative complication rates between the two groups. Conclusion. TVT appears to be the preferable surgical option for the treatment of SUI with intrinsic sphincter deficiency.
Public perceptions on paying student athletes

The notion of paying collegiate athletes has been contested and debated for years. Recently, however, several high-profile cases have once again generated negative headlines and as such, discussions of paying student athletes have proliferated among the popular press, college administrators, players themselves, the general public and sport management scholars. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the opinions of a nationally recruited sample of respondents to assess their attitudes related to their support of paying student athletes. While the majority of the respondents were congruent in their beliefs with regards to age, sex and level of education, there was a clear difference in respondents' viewpoints based on race. Specifically, Blacks were more than two times as likely as Whites to support payment to student athletes. Findings, implications and suggestions for future research are also examined.
Enhancing medical student consultation request skills in an academic emergency department

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational protocol to enhance the communication skills of medical students when requesting specialty consultation. A protocol consisting of a worksheet and oral instructions was created to teach nine criteria of effective consultation requests, derived from the existing literature. Consultation requests made by senior medical students using the protocol were evaluated and compared to consultation requests made by Emergency Medicine residents who did not complete the educational protocol. Forty-two medical student consultation requests and 50 Emergency Medicine resident consultation requests were evaluated. The students included five of the nine criteria in their consultation requests significantly more often than the residents. The median number of criteria included by the students was eight, while the median number of criteria included by the residents was six. This study shows that senior medical students can be taught to communicate effectively with specialists when requesting consultations.
Trench Water Chemistry at Commercially Operated Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites

Water samples from the disposal trenches of two low-level radioactive waste burial sites were analyzed for their inorganic, organic, and radionuclide contents. Since oxidation of the trench waters can occur during their movement along the groundwater flow path, experiments were performed to measure the chemical and physical changes that occur in these waters upon oxidation. In addition to the highly acidic conditions of the oxidized Maxey Flats trench water, low concentrations of chelating agents, shown to exist in trench waters, may be responsible for keeping radionuclides in solution following oxidation of anoxic trench leachates from Maxey Flats and West Valley burial sites.
Toxoplasma gondii-vertebrate cell interactions. I. The influence of bicarbonate ion, CO2, pH and host cell culture age on the invasion of vertebrate cells in vitro.

SYNOPSIS A controlled-environment culture system was used to show that both physical and biologic parameters can influence the penetration of vertebrate cells by Toxoplasma gondii. The optimum bicarbonate ion concentration for the penetration of bovine embryo skeletal muscle (BESM) cells is 36.25 mM. Higher or lower bicarbonate ion concentrations are increasingly inhibitory to penetration. As CO2 increases in the range from 0.5–3.7 mM, penetration is progressively inhibited. No relationship was found between penetration and pH in the pH range of 6.949–7.765. The culture age of the BESM cells directly influenced the ability of the parasites to penetrate the cells. Older BESM cells were more refractory to penetration than younger cells.
Rest Is Not Idleness: Implications of the Brain’s Default Mode for Human Development and Education

When people wakefully rest in the functional MRI scanner, their minds wander, and they engage a so-called default mode (DM) of neural processing that is relatively suppressed when attention is focused on the outside world. Accruing evidence suggests that DM brain systems activated during rest are also important for active, internally focused psychosocial mental processing, for example, when recalling personal memories, imagining the future, and feeling social emotions with moral connotations. Here the authors review evidence for the DM and relations to psychological functioning, including associations with mental health and cognitive abilities like reading comprehension and divergent thinking. This article calls for research into the dimensions of internally focused thought, ranging from free-form daydreaming and off-line consolidation to intensive, effortful abstract thinking, especially with socioemotional relevance. It is argued that the development of some socioemotional skills may be vulnerable to disruption by environmental distraction, for example, from certain educational practices or overuse of social media. The authors hypothesize that high environmental attention demands may bias youngsters to focus on the concrete, physical, and immediate aspects of social situations and self, which may be more compatible with external attention. They coin the term constructive internal reflection and advocate educational practices that promote effective balance between external attention and internal reflection.
POLYMORPHONUCLEAR INVASION OF WOUNDED CORNEAS INHIBITION BY TOPICALLY APPLIED SODIUM SALICYLATE AND SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR

Polymorphonuclear invasion of the wounded rat cornea is quantitatively described. The inflammatory cells enter the wounded tissue during the 5th postoperative hour. They steadily increase in number until they reach a maximum between 24 and 36 hours and return to normal by about the 6th day. Six hour wounds are used to evaluate the influence of topically applied drugs on the polymorphonuclear infiltration of the wounded area. Sodium salicylate is an effective inhibitor of polymorphonuclear invasion when it is used during the 2nd postoperative hour, but it is without effect when it is applied after this time. Soybean trypsin inhibitor prevents the invasion of polymorphonuclear cells when it is administered during the 2nd hour only, or the 3rd and 4th hours together, or the 5th and 6th hours together. The results indicate that activation of a proteolytic enzyme (or enzymes) in the injured corneal tissue is an essential step leading to polymorphonuclear invasion. During the first 2 postoperative hours the anti-inflammatory effects of both drugs are nearly identical and may reflect an inhibition of the same proteolytic reaction or some different but closely related reactions.
Insights into the Witheringia solanacea (Solanaceae) Complex in Costa Rica. I. Breeding Systems and Crossing Studies1

The Witheringia solanacea complex consists of three species, W. asterotricha, W. meiantha, and W. solanacea, native to Central and South America. The three taxa are morphologically similar, and their distinctions and relationships have been the subject of taxonomic controversy. To investigate breeding systems and potential for hybridization among the taxa of the complex, two Costa Rican accessions per species were used in a crossing program. All plants were selfincompatible except for one accession of W. solanacea. Hybrid plants resulted from all crosses among accessions of W. asterotricha and W. solanacea. Most crosses were unsuccessful using W. meiantha in combination with either of the other two taxa. It is suggested that W. meiantha and W. solanacea be recognized as separate taxa, but that W. asterotricha be considered a synonym of W. solanacea. RESUMEN
Collaborative Learning in a Japanese Language Course: Student and Teacher Experiences

This article describes ethnographic action research that explored experiences of the first author and her undergraduate students as they engaged in collaborative learning (CL) activities in a university Japanese language course. The purpose of the study was to generate new practical knowledge of CL for her, so that she might subsequently improve her teaching practice. A thematic analysis of the interview and descriptive data revealed that the incorporation of CL helped promote a comfortable environment and reduce the effects of the hierarchical authority of the instructor. While facing new challenges, the class also co-constructed its own knowledge about the reading content, language concepts, and cultural matters by working as a collaborative group. These findings are represented in the form of a performative text that invites readers to actively engage with the study’s findings.
Morphometry of pig coronary arterial trees

To establish a mathematical model of the tree like arteries for the purpose of hemodynamic analysis, a complete set of morphometric data of pig coronary arteries is presented. For the purpose of mathematical modeling, three innovations in morphometry are introduced: 1) a rule for assigning the order numbers of the vessels on the basis of diameter ranges, 2) a connectivity matrix to describe asymmetric branching, and 3) a measurement of the fraction of vessel segments connected in series. The morphometric measurements were made with the silicone elastomer-casting method. Data on smaller vessels were obtained from histological specimens by optical sectioning. Data on larger vessels were obtained from vascular casts. The order number, diameter, length, connectivity matrix, and fractions of the vessels of a given order connected in series were measured for all orders of vessels of the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending and left circumflex branches. The data can be used to analyze the longitudinal distribution of blood pressure and volume and spatial distribution of perfusion in myocardium.
Modulation of rate at which serotonin-induced contraction decays in guinea pig trachea

Stimulation of the type 2 serotonin (5-HT2) receptor in guinea pig trachea with 5-HT results in a contraction that decays in the continued presence of 5-HT. The decay of the 5-HT contraction has been proposed to be dependent on 5-HT2 receptor activation and to reflect desensitization of the receptor. The characteristics of the decay of the 5-HT contraction may also be dependent on other properties of the tissue. The effects of modulation of biochemical pathways implicated in airway smooth muscle contraction on the 5-HT contraction in isolated guinea pig trachea were determined with the use of a kinetic approach we developed previously. Decay of the 5-HT contraction was inhibited by cooling, increased by forskolin, 3-isobutylmethyl-1-xanthine, and 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, and unaffected by staurosporine, H-7, H-8, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, and by inhibitors of the three major pathways of arachidonic metabolism. The results suggest that decay of the 5-HT contraction in guinea pig trachea is dependent on both the receptor and the biochemical state of the tissue.
Amino acid sequence of cytochrome c from Tetrahymena pyriformis Phenoset A.

The cytochrome c of Tetrahymena pyriformis GL (Phenoset A) had an isoelectric point of 6.5 and by sequence the following composition: Asp(7) Asn(2) Thr(4) Ser(8) Glu(6) Gln(2) Pro(7) Gly(13) Ala(13) Val(7) Met(2) Ile(5) Leu(6) Tyr(2) Phe(5) Lys(11) His(3) Trp(1) Arg(3) Cys(2) (total 109 residues). The peptides derived from the protein afforded complete overlap, so a complete sequence could be determined without reference of homologous proteins. Alignment with other mitochondrial cytochromes c required two internal deletions totalling three residues and an N-terminal region two residues longer than, and a C-terminal region one residue shorter than, the previously known limits. The sequence was the most divergent of the known mitochondrial cytochromes c, suggesting a distant relationship of ciliates to other eukaryotes. Details of the sequence data have been deposited as Supplementary Publication no. SUP 50068 (37 pages) at The British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7 BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms given in Biochem. J. (1976) 153,5.
A victory in theory, loss in practice: struggles for political representation in the Lake Baringo-Bogoria Basin, Kenya

ABSTRACTThis article addresses political rights and identity among Il Chamus of Baringo District, Kenya, a small group of agro-pastoralists related to the Maasai. It discusses an important 2006 judicial ruling from the High Court of Kenya that specified a political constituency and national representation for the community, and shows how the state and its actions undermined its implementation. By examining the historical events and struggles leading up to the court ruling and the local violence associated with it, the article describes how Il Chamus have been forced to negotiate – even publically legislate – their histories and identities (indigeneity) to make claims to citizenship and territory. It concludes with a discussion of the impacts of the new 2010 constitution on the Il Chamus political movement and those of other minority and indigenous groups who have petitioned for increased political representation during the last two decades.
Near-Term Mars Sample Return Using In-Situ Oxygen Generation

A Mars sample return mission was designed to transport a 0.5-kg sample from the Martian surface to Earth using oxygen manufactured from in-situ resources to burn fuel brought from Earth. The use of locally-generated oxygen (In-Situ Resource Utilization, or ISRU) can reduce the mass of ascent-related systems required to be landed on Mars for a fixed payload size, or can increase the payload returned from Mars for a fixed mass of ascent systems. For the baseline case of a 0.5-kg sample, a 32% savings occurs in the landed mass of the ascent systems, which transport samples from the surface to orbit. Additionally, the benefits of locally-generated oxygen increase considerably as the sample size increases.
Steroid sulfatase activities in human breast tumors.

SummaryThe ability of human breast tumor preparations to hydrolyze DHEA, estrone, and testosterone sulfates was studied. Of the 85 tumor preparations examined, 31 tumors contained an estrogen sulfatase activity and 19 of which also exhibited sulfatase activity toward DHEA; but there was no testosterone sulfatase in any of the 31 tumor preparations. The remaining 54 tumor preparations showed no sulfatase activity toward any of the three steroid sulfates examined. The present data also disclose that the levels of sulfatase activities do not affect those of sulfotransferase activities in the tumor preparations. Further, the ratio of sulfotransferase activity with DHEA and estradiol as substrates is not related to the sulfatase activity in these tumor preparations.
On basicity of exponentials inLP (dμ) and general prediction problems

Let μ be a nonnegative measure on the unit circle in the complex plane and 1<p<∞. It is of interest to find conditions on μ so that the set of exponentialseinθ form a strongM-basis forLp(dμ). Some partial results are proved which can shed some light on this important open question. These results are of fundamental importance in the prediction theory of stochastic processes and other fields of applications. These results is then used to obtain a theorem which reduces some prediction problems to easier ones.
Teratology of the beetle Tenebrio molitor: II. The development and gross description of the pupal-winged adult

Abstract A teratology characterized by the retention of essential aspects of the pupal wing in the adult mealworm, Tenebrio molitor is described. The developmental sequence which leads to the emergence of the abnormal adult was studied in the pupa, and the significance of the general state of health of the pupa in the emergence of the abnormal beetle is considered. By an observation of the various normal and abnormal pupae, the following became evident: (1) Morphologically normal pupae emerge as morphologically normal, or, in rare instances, very minimally defective adults. (2) The type of pupal abnormality is not as significant in the emergence of a pupal-winged adult as is the extent of the abnormality and the resulting general state of health of the pupa. (3) Size, flatness of the abdominal area, and the subcuticular blackened areas in the head and prothoracic area contribute significantly to the retention of the pupal wing by affecting the state of well-being of the pupa, while the condition of the wing itself plays only a secondary role inasmuch as it affects the general health of the insect. (4) There is often a rapid deterioration in the condition of the pupa prior to emergence of the pupal-winged adult. This is evidenced by a general softness and swelling of the abdominal area followed by a loss of response to tactile stimuli and a collapse of the abdomen. There is a depletion of internal moisture and reduction in the amount of fat body.
Cesium ion implantation in single crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and polycrystalline MgAl2O4-YSZ

YSZ and MgAl 2 O 4 -YSZ composite are two promising materials as in the inert matrix nuclear fuel for the incineration of plutonium. In this study, 400 keV Cs ions were implanted to a fluence of 1×10 17 ions/m 2 in both materials in order to investigate the retention behavior of fission product at elevated temperature. The implantations were completed at room temperature for the YSZ and 973 K for MgAl 2 O 4 -YSZ, respectively. Subsequent annealing at 1273 K was performed after a room temperature implantation of YSZ. After annealing, a high density of gas bubbles formed with diameter from 3 to 40 nm from the surface to a depth of 150 nm in the YSZ matrix. The swelling due to bubbles formation was estimated to be 2.5%. In situ TEM was employed during high temperature ion implantation of the MgAl 2 O 4 -YSZ composite. A high density of small bubbles with 5 nm in diameter formed in the MgAl 2 O 4 and YSZ grains after an ion dose of 1×1017 ions/cm 2 . There was no preferential precipitation along grain boundaries. Electron Paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the type of defects that formed in the YSZ matrix.
Critical Listening and Storying: Fostering Respect for Difference and Action Within and Beyond a Native American Literature Classroom:

Relying on the intersections of Indigenous Research Methodologies and Humanizing Research, the authors of this article argue that by re-centering relationships through critical listening and storyi...
A Research and Implementation for Disaster Recovery

According to the demand for recovery technology on disaster,this paper presents a system united by Replication and Snapshot technology.This system is designed to avoid the inflexible recovery technology nowadays.It is a storage application in Data Block level,supplies a group of mechanism to adjust the relation between data protection capability and management cost.The system is suitable to create the advanced storage management tactic.
Early pulmonary disease manifestations in cystic fibrosis mice.

Abstract Background Altered pulmonary function is present early in the course of cystic fibrosis (CF), independent of documented infections or onset of pulmonary symptoms. New initiatives in clinical care are focusing on detection and characterization of preclinical disease. Thus, animal models are needed which recapitulate the pulmonary phenotype characteristic of early stage CF. Methods We investigated young CF mice to determine if they exhibit pulmonary pathophysiology consistent with the early CF lung phenotype. Lung histology and pulmonary mechanics were examined in 12- to 16-week-old congenic C57bl/6 F508del and R117H CF mice using a forced oscillation technique (flexiVent). Results There were no significant differences in the resistance of the large airways. However, in both CF mouse models, prominent differences in the mechanical properties of the peripheral lung compartment were identified including decreased static lung compliance, increased elastance and increased tissue damping. CF mice also had distal airspace enlargement with significantly increased mean linear intercept distances. Conclusions An impaired ability to stretch and expand the peripheral lung compartment, as well as increased distances between gas exchange surfaces, were present in young CF mice carrying two independent Cftr mutations. This altered pulmonary histopathophysiology in the peripheral lung compartment, which develops in the absence of infection, is similar to the early lung phenotype of CF patients.
The Case for Prostate Cancer Risk Reduction by 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

Overview:Prostate cancer remains a significant public health problem. The current approach with prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening has questionable effects on prostate cancer–specific ...
Development of surface-enhanced Raman based sensors

iv Acknowledgments v List of Figures viii List of Tables xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Current Methods of Bioimaging 2 1.3 Background 3 1.4 Raman Theory 4 1.5 Raman Scattering 6 1.6 Polarizability 8 1.7 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy 9 1.8 Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS) 13 1.9 Research Goals 18 References 20 Chapter 2: Experimental Materials and Methods 22 2.1 Reagents 22 2.2 Gold Colloid Synthesis 23 vii 2.3 Fiber Colloid Coating Method, Type A 24 2.4 Tapered Fiber, Colloid Coating Method, Type B 25 2.5 Polymer Based Fiber Coating Method, Type A 27 2.6 Polymer Based Fiber Coating Method, Type B 28 2.7 Instrumentation 31 2.8 References 39 Chapter 3: Results and Discussion 40 3.1 Gold Colloid Coated Fibers 40 3.2 SERS Analysis of Tapered and Non-tapered Fibers 41 3.3 Geometric Analysis of Tapered Versus Non-tapered Fibers 42 3.4 pH Change Detection Analysis 61 3.5 Conclusions and Future Work 73 3.6 References 75
Low multipolarity magnetic transitions inS32excited by electron scattering

Electron scattering cross section measurements on $^{32}\mathrm{S}$ have been made at incident electron energies between 34 and 74 MeV and at scattering angles of 162.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Form factors were deduced for transitions to states at 8.11, 9.68, 10.05, 10.78, 11.12, and 11.63 MeV. Additional peaks at 7.12, 12.02, and 13.36 MeV were observed in some spectra. Comparisons of cross sections at different angles show that the above six transitions are transverse. Comparison of the experimental form factors with those calculated using an oscillator shell model indicate that the 8.11, 9.68, 11.12, and 11.63 MeV transitions are $M1$. Transition probabilities $B(M1)\ensuremath{\uparrow}=1.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18$, $0.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20$, $2.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.22$, and $1.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 {\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}^{2}$, respectively, were determined for these four transitions. The $M1$ form factors and transition probabilities are also compared with other theoretical shell model calculations. The transition at 10.78 MeV is probably $M2$, or a mixture of $M2$ and transverse $E2$ transitions to unresolved states at about that energy.
The Night Motif in German Baroque Poetry

(1967). The Night Motif in German Baroque Poetry. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 83-95.
Library as Collaboratory: Partnerships, Knowledge Transfer and Dialogue in Library-based 3D Services

EDITOR'S SUMMARY Since 2012 the 3D printing operation at Miami University's Business, Engineering, Science and Technology Library has developed into a high demand service that promotes learning for a broad range of users. With the first two basic 3D printers set up in separate locations, multiple operators developed skills and provided backup support for each other. A variety of user groups emerged beyond the expected subject disciplines and applications, and, with a growing circle of users, students have been employed for printing tasks, gaining technical skills and enabling the library to expand its services. Placing printers in highly visible locations prompted interest and interactions among onlookers. Strong demand for the 3D printing service has necessitated coordination between the library and departments, collaboration between departments, prioritization of needs and funding for more durable equipment, while stimulating developments in curricula and research agendas.
American Party Women: A Look at the Gender Gap within Parties

Research on the gender gap in American politics has focused on average differences between male and female voters. This has led to an underdeveloped understanding of sources of heterogeneity among ...
Energy Sustainability, Water Sustainability

Energy and water use is generally correlated with the prosperity of a nation or a community. Availability of energy and safe water are vital for development and are rightly described as the most important sustainability issues for civilized society. Energy is vastly more complicated than water because there are many different kinds of sources for power and transportation: carbon based fossil energy, non-fossil such as solar, wind, and biomass-based, and nuclear and geothermal. The global warming worries make a strong case for non-fossil but in the market-place, at the current state of development, non-fossils are not competitive, creating affordability issues for communities. Energy sustainability can be approached first by attaining energy use efficiency, and ultimately by developing inexpensive non-fossil energy-carriers. Indicators are used for both water and energy sustainability in much the same way we approach general sustainability issues for communities, ecosystems, and technologies. Water can also be affected by climate change. A strong nexus exists between energy and water, which is why in closely defined systems both should be taken together for simultaneous energy–water sustainability. Energy sustainability can belong to global, regional, business, or technology scale. Water, on the other hand has a stronger spatial meaning. Since, unlike energy, water is usually not traded across borders. It typically belongs to a regional scale, and on the business and technology scale, can be controlled by process designers. Energy–water sustainability solution for a regional scale cannot be easily exported to a different region because the scales are mismatched. In this chapter, we examine the complicated multifaceted problems that need to be solved for the future.
Use of Historical Surgical Times to Predict Duration of Primary Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objectives To test whether a model using a historical average of a surgeon’s surgical times for primary aortic valve replacements is a more accurate predictor of actual surgical times than solely relying on a surgeon’s estimate. Design Retrospective review. Setting Single university hospital that serves as a tertiary referral center. Participants All patients undergoing primary aortic valve replacement between October 2008 and September 2014. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Estimation biases, calculated as the difference between actual and predicted surgical time, were compared between the surgeon and the model, which included between 2 and 20 cases in the historical average. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used to compare all values. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Steel-Dwass test to determine whether using more cases in the model resulted in smaller estimation biases. Using the historical model reduced mean overestimation bias from 55.30 minutes to 0.90-to-4.67 minutes. No significant difference was seen based on the number of cases used. Conclusions An uncomplicated model can assist in providing comparatively unbiased estimations of surgical time for aortic valve replacements. The model can rely on a fewer number of cases (eg, 5) and does not benefit from including more cases (eg, 20).
In Praise of Emotion in Engineering

This chapter argues for a conceptual connection between engineering and the emotions of engineers. The chapter has four parts. The first, the philosophical, provides an analysis of emotion in enough detail for our purpose, sketching a defense of that analysis along the way. The second and third parts show how that analysis helps us understand the relation between emotion and engineering. The fourth, the pedagogical, briefly considers what that analysis suggests about the content of a course in engineering ethics.
Effects of visual deprivation on stability among young and older adults during treadmill walking.

Abstract The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the effect of visual deprivation on stability during treadmill walking in older and young adults, and 2) to examine if such an effect differs between age groups. Under the protection of a safety harness, 10 young (23.20 ± 2.44 years) and six older adults (67.83 ± 2.48 years) participants performed two 90-s walking trials (one with eyes open or EO and the other with eyes closed or EC) at their self-selected treadmill walking speeds determined during EO walking. The step length, step width, foot landing angle, the duration of stance phase, and cadence were calculated from the foot kinematics collected for each participant. The variability (i.e., the standard deviation) of step length, step width, foot landing angle, and the duration of stance phase was also calculated to quantify the stability during walking. Our results revealed that both young and older adults took a cautious gait pattern during EC walking, as evidenced by the shorter step length, smaller foot landing angle and shortened stance phase compared to EO walking. Under both visual conditions, older adults exhibited shorter step length and smaller foot landing angle than their young counterparts. No age-related differences were observed for the measurements of variability (i.e., the quantification of stability) while the variability measurement of all four variables was higher during EC walking than during EO walking for both age groups. Findings from this study could provide insights into the mechanisms of how visual information affects stability during gait.
The Anti-Money Laundering Complex in the Modern Era

In 1970, Congress passed the Bank Secrecy Act largely in an effort to prevent United States citizens from using foreign bank accounts to avoid paying taxes. Since then, the core record keeping and reporting rationale has expanded dramatically and is now widely touted as a critical tool in combating all manner of criminal behavior, from drug trafficking to terrorism. However, using a detailed analysis of the legislative history of the anti-money laundering (“AML”) regime, this article reveals deep flaws in the rationale that underpins much of this regulatory approach. Through the compounding of erroneous assumptions, coupled with assertions of effectiveness that lack evidentiary support, the AML regime has grown into a vast complex, with regulatory stakeholders that literally span the globe. This growth has come at a price though, and has resulted in a system that suffers from a lack of clearly definable metrics and increasingly incomprehensible regulations. The latter of which has served to create an overarching focus on compliance measures, while the proscribed act of money laundering continues almost completely undetected. With the emergence digital and alternative remittance systems, the AML complex is being confronted with increasingly complex challenges to the detection of illicit proceeds. However, the research also shows that the various AML stakeholders are not only ill-equipped to counter technological innovations, the reactionary nature of the system only leads to false confidence and increasing vulnerability to criminal ingenuity. Many of the problems outlined are systemic in nature and defy simple solutions. However, this article does highlight critical issues that are seemingly unaddressed by the current regime, with an eye towards much needed reforms.
A feasibility and efficacy trial of a hand-held humidification device in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm-mist humidification during and after head and neck radiation therapy (HN RT) on quality of life (QOL), as measured by the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory–Head and Neck (MDASI-HN) HN score. A secondary aim was to compare QOL among compliers (≥60% of protocol-recommended usage) versus non-compliers. Twenty patients self-administered a hand-held, self-sterilizing humidification device for a recommended time of at least 15 min twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients completed the MDASI-HN instrument at RT start, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Compliance was reported weekly. The average HN score at baseline was 1.7 (SD = 1.8) and increased to 6.0 (SD = 1.6) after 6 weeks; this increase was much higher than anticipated and the primary endpoint could not be reached. However, compliers had an average of nearly two less HN symptoms (−1.8, 95% CI −4 to 0.2; p = 0.08) than non-compliers at 6 weeks and fewer symptoms at 12 weeks as well (−0.9, 95% CI −2.9 to 1.2; p = 0.39). The most common terms patients used to describe humidification were “helpful” and “soothing.” Compliance with humidification during RT was associated with fewer reported HN symptoms and a strong trend to better QOL. Improvements were seen from compliance with occasional required use of a portable, inexpensive device. Our findings support continued efforts to reduce barriers to humidification, as an intervention that should be considered for standard HN RT clinical practice.
Review of Followership Theory and Servant Leadership Theory: Understanding How Servant Leadership Informs Followership

There is a need for more research on the follower’s perspective of servant leadership. This chapter presents a review of the literature on servant leadership and followership. The aim of the chapter is to determine how servant leadership informs followership. A combination of peer-reviewed articles, practitioner articles, and books constitute the reviewed literature in the chapter. A review of the literature found that following is a way of serving. Further, servant-leaders should produce servant followers. Key concepts that reoccurred in the literature included service, trust, and commitment. Trust is essential to the follower-leader relationship. Trusting leaders empowers followers, which can lead to greater commitment to the organization and to the leader. Finally this review is limited because of the small amount of research reviewed.
Introduction: Creating Performances for Teaching and Learning

We first met in 2007. The summer had been a hot one and the fall semester promised no relief from the heat as we separately unloaded our belongings and readied ourselves for our new lives in Carbondale, Illinois.
Trust and Hometown Associations in Haitian Post‐Earthquake Reconstruction

The 7.0 magnitude earthquake on January 12, 2010 in Haiti reawakened in the diaspora a strong sense of purpose to focus efforts beyond family remittances towards regional and national development. Yet Haitian hometown associations (HHTAs) in the US struggled to establish a strong, organizational structure to respond systematically and effectively to the country's increased post-earthquake needs. Based on historical analysis, participatory observations, interviews, and comparisons with other diaspora groups’ models for homeland development, we explore how trust within the transnational Haitian nation has been impacted in the post-earthquake era by cultural conditionings of the past which constrain the scalability, durability, and viability of HHTAs’ developmental potential to systematically intervene in a coordinated manner regionally and nationally. We examine the ways in which trust – and resistances to it – operates as a mediating lens remobilized by the earthquake for the interpretation of the Haitian past, present, and future.
Abstract 188: Sarcomere Protein Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C Regulates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation

Introduction: Wildtype neonatal murine cardiomyocytes become bi-nucleated, hypertrophy and terminally differentiate, and concurrently develop well-organized striation patterns of sarcomeres of myofibrils. Neonatal mice lacking cardiac myosin binding protein C (Mybpc t/t ) have subtle abnormalities in myofibrillar structure and ventricular dilation, but remain healthy life-long. Hypothesis: Deficits in MybpC impacts formation of bi-nucleated and cell proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Methods: We studied the cardiac development in Mybpc t/t mice and hearts depleted of cMyBP-C by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated RNAi. Results: Mybpc t/t hearts presented significant increase in mono-nucleated cardiomyocytes (18.28 ± 1.68%) and decrease in bi-nucleated cardiomyocytes (74.87 ± 87%), compared to wildtype hearts (mono-nucleated: 5.85% ± 1.14%, p t/t cardiomyocytes (47.02 ± 2.5%) compared to wildtype cardiomyocytes (29.35 ± 3.06%, p t/t than wildtype cardiomyocytes at postnatal day 3, day 7 and day10 (p t/t hearts compared to wildtype hearts at postnatal day 7 (p t/t mice, a significantly increased number of cardiomyocytes, was demonstrated. In comparison to wildtype, the number of cardiomyocytes in Mybpc t/t hearts was significantly increased by 40% (n=3 in each group, p Conclusions: Loss of cMyBP-C causes neonatal cardiomyocytes to undergo extra round of cytokinesis and continued progression of the cell cycles. Changes in cell number, rather than cell size, may be responsible for morphologic abnormalities of some cardiomyopathies.
Multifunctional fiber reinforced polymer composites using carbon and boron nitride nanotubes

Abstract Recent progress in nanotechnology has made several nano-based materials available with the potential to address limitations of conventional fiber reinforced polymer composites, particularly in reference to multifunctional structures. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most prevalent case and offer amazing properties at the individual nanotube level. There are already a few high-profile examples of the use of CNTs in space structures to provide added electrical conductivity for static dissipation and electromagnetic shielding. Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), which are structurally analogous to CNTs, also present a range of attractive properties. Like the more widely explored CNTs, individual BNNTs display remarkable mechanical properties and high thermal conductivity but with contrasting functional attributes including substantially higher thermal stability, high electrical insulation, polarizability, high neutron absorption and transparency to visible light. This presents the potential of employing either or both BNNTs and CNTs to achieve a range of lightweight, functional composites for space structures. Here we present the case for application of BNNTs, in addition to CNTs, in space structures and describe recent advances in BNNT production at the National Research Council Canada (NRC) that have, for the first time, provided sufficiently large quantities to enable commercialization of high-quality BNNTs and accelerate development of chemistry, composites and applications based on BNNTs. Early demonstrations showing the fabrication and limited structural testing of polymer matrix composites, including glass fiber-reinforced composite panels containing BNNTs will be discussed.
Identification and Quantitation of Aerosol Products of the Reaction of β-Pinene with NO3 Radicals and Implications for Gas- and Particle-Phase Reaction Mechanisms.

Substantial amounts of gas- and particle-phase organic nitrates have been reported in field studies of atmospheric chemistry conducted around the world, and it has been proposed that a significant fraction of these may be formed from the nighttime reaction of monoterpenes with NO3 radicals. In the study presented here, β-pinene (a major global monoterpene emission) was reacted with NO3 radicals in an environmental chamber and the molecular and functional group composition of the resulting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was determined using a variety of methods. Eight products, which comprised ∼95% of the SOA mass, were identified and quantified. More than 90% (by mass) of these consisted of acetal heterodimers and heterotrimers that were apparently formed through acid-catalyzed reactions in phase-separated particles. The molar yield of the major oligomer was 16.7%, and the yields of the other six and the single monomer ranged from 1.1% to 2.9%, for a total yield of 30.7%. From these analyses it was deter...
Preventative Programs for Respiratory Disease in Cow/Calf Operations

Designing preventative programs against respiratory disease in cow/calf operations presents a challenge to the producer and veterinary practitioner. Data from actual field trials examining the incidence and causes of respiratory disease in suckling beef calves is incomplete at best. When this is combined with the effects of passive immune status and the logistics of handling a range animal, it can be difficult to deliver adequate protection. Scientific information for disease prevention in the weaned calf is much more abundant and can be combined with economic considerations to provide cost-effective programs. This article discusses factors that the veterinarian should consider when developing preventative programs for their cow/calf clients.
Trends in Heterogeneous Integrations

Semiconductor industry has identified five main growth engines (applications), namely (1) mobile, (2) high-performance computing (HPC), (3) automotive (especially self-driving car), (4) internet of things (IoTs), and (5) big data (especially for cloud computing).
Conformationally Constrained Nicotines. 1-Pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 1-Pyridinyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Analogues

Conformationally constrained bicyclo analogues of natural (−)-nicotine and unnatural (+)-nicotine have been synthesized from d- and l-glutamic acid, respectively. Regioselective addition of 3-lithiopyridine to the γ-carbonyl of a protected glutamate was followed by intramolecular imine formation and stereospecific catalytic hydrogenation of the resultant pyrroline to give cis-5-pyridinylproline. A sequence of transformations to convert the ester to bromide was followed by the key intramolecular anionic cyclization at the benzylic position to form the 1-pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane analogue. Alternatively, homologation of the ester of cis-5-pyridinylproline and conversion to bromide allowed cyclization to the 1-pyridinyl-7-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane analogues.