cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Residential Evictions in Florida: When the Rent is Due, Where is the Process?

Florida's residential eviction statute requires that a tenant who is sued for eviction must deposit into the registry of the court any alleged past-due rent. This never happens because tenants are either ignorant of the requirement, are unable to deposit the money, or choose to simply move on. If the past-due rent is not deposited with the court, the tenant is not permitted to raise any defenses in court, meaning the landlord always wins. It is wasteful to require landlords and courts to address issues the results of which are virtually always in favor of one party. Further, the law ignores basic notions about the human need for housing. The law serves no purpose, and should be changed.
An analysis of air mass effects on rail ridership in three US cities

This paper examines whether daily weather affects ridership in urban transportation systems. When examining human-weather relationships, it is often advantageous to examine air masses, which take into account the entire parcel of air over a region. Spatial synoptic classification characterizes air masses based upon numerous meteorological variables at a given location. Thus, rather than examining temperature or precipitation individually, here we compare daily ridership to synoptic air mass classifications for three urban rail systems: Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), and the Hudson-Bergen light-rail line in northern New Jersey. Air masses are found to have a significant impact on daily rail ridership, with usage typically increasing on dry, comfortable days and decreasing on moist, cool ones, particularly on weekends. Although the comfort of a particular air mass changes throughout the year, seasonality is not a significant factor with respect to the air mass-ridership relationship. The results of this study can benefit rail system managers who must predict daily ridership or in the development of cost-benefit analyses for station improvements.
What HIV/AIDS Case Management Approaches Bring About Positive Client Outcomes? Results from ConnectHIV

ConnectHIV was a public-private partnership between the Pfizer Foundation and 20 AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) in 10 high prevalence states. Five of the ASOs, funded to link persons living with HIV into high quality care and treatment services, used a case management (CM) approach. The ASOs utilized various strategies in their CM interventions which were conducted in diverse organizations and geographic areas. An outcome evaluation was conducted that used a repeated measures design collecting data at baseline and at two follow-ups—either 2 or 3 months and again at 6 months. Results showed that the clients who participated in CM interventions made significant positive changes across the five outcomes (knowledge of HIV disease management, medical adherence, viral load, CD4 count, and perceived health) from either baseline to the first follow-up and/or the second follow-up. Results also showed that clients at certain ASOs made significantly stronger gains than those in others which plausibly could be att...
SALT CONCENTRATION, TYPE OF PHOSPHATE AND FILM SEALANT EFFECTS ON MEAT ADHESION TO PACKAGING FILMS

Packaging film adhesion strength at the meat-film interface was measured on a vacuum-packaged, cook-in-the-film prepared turkey product using an approximate 90° peeling angle from the plane of the meat surface. Adhesion increased (P tripolyphosphate > monophosphate > no phosphate = hexametaphosphate. Film sealants of nylon blend and Surlyn® produced more (P<0.05) adhesion to meat surfaces than linear low densiq polyethylene-Surlyn® blend, linear low density polyethylene-ethyl vinyl acetate or ethylene-propylene copolymer. Nylon blend sealant had the most surface adhesion (171.2 g/cm) and surface energy (56.2 dynes/cm) whereas ethylene-propylene copolymer yielded the lowest measures (6.3 g/cm and 31.7 dynes/cm, respectively). Film-to-meat adhesion responded to NaCl concentration and type of phosphate in the sume manner as water and meat-to-meat binding respond during meat processing.
The Effects of Autocorrelation on the Curve-of-Factors Growth Model

This simulation study examined the performance of the curve-of-factors model (COFM) when autocorrelation and growth processes were present in the first-level factor structure. In addition to the standard curve-of factors growth model, 2 new models were examined: one COFM that included a first-order autoregressive autocorrelation parameter, and a second model that included first-order autoregressive and moving average autocorrelation parameters. The results indicated that the estimates of the overall trend in the data were accurate regardless of model specification across most conditions. Variance components estimates were biased across many conditions but improved as sample size and series length increased. In general, the two models that incorporated autocorrelation parameters performed well when sample size and series length were large. The COFM had the best overall performance.
High impedance fault detection implementation issues

Faults on distribution circuits are normally detected by simple overcurrent relays. Faults through a high impedance such as dry earth or asphalt do not have sufficient current to operate overcurrent relays and must be cleared manually. Such high impedance faults may pose a hazard to the public. Equipment is now commercially available to detect a high percentage of high impedance faults, but use of this equipment introduces operational issues which affect applications. This paper discusses technical as well as nontechnical issues associated with applying high impedance fault detectors. Recognizing all the issues is important to the effective implementation of these new fault detecting techniques.
Chicken lines differ in production of interferon-like activity by peripheral white blood cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin

Interferon (INF) activity was evaluated in the supernatants from peripheral white blood cells (WBC) of chickens from six lines. The WBC were cultured in flasks or 24-well plates with medium or medium and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 2 to 5 d, duplicate supernatant samples were tested for INF activity, i.e., the log2 titer inhibiting 50% destruction of the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus on primary chick embryo fibroblasts. Also triplicate WBC samples were tested for proliferation by [H3]-thymidine labeling and scintillation counting. In the absence of PHA, INF was significant for only two lines, i.e., 7(2) (two trials) and C (one trial). With PHA the level of INF produced was similar if flasks were sampled daily or on successive days. The INF levels were highest using 10 or 20 microg/mL PHA, but line differences were best distinguished using 5 or 10 microg/mL. In three trials there was a low correlation between PHA-stimulated WBC proliferation and INF titer (r > or = 0.30; P < 0.05). It was concluded that supernatants from chicken WBC stimulated with 10 microg/mL PHA contain INF, and inbred Lines 72 and C repeatedly produce more INF than inbred Lines 63 and 15I(5). This is the first evidence for line differences in INF production in chickens, and these lines may be useful for characterization of the relevant genes and their importance in immune response(s) and disease resistance.
Effect of variable guide vanes on the performance of a high-bypass turbofan engine

The ability of a part-span variable-inlet guide vane (VIGV) to modulate the thrust of a high-bypass turbofan engine was evaluated at altitude/Mach number conditions of 4572 m/0.6 and 9144 m/0.93. Fan tip, gas generator, and supercharger performance were also determined, both on operating lines and during fan duct throttling. The evaluation was repeated with the bypass splitter extended forward to near the fan blade trailing edge. Gross thrust attenuation of over 50% was achieved with 50 deg VIGV closure at 100% corrected fan speed. Gas generator supercharger performance fell off with VIGV closure, but this loss was reduced when a splitter extension was added. The effect of VIGV closure on gas generator performance was minimal.
IV. Differences in the metabolism of MPTP in the rodent and primate parallel differences in sensitivity to its neurotoxic effects

Primates and rodents show marked differences in sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of MPTP. We and others have previously shown that the toxic effects of MPTP on nigrostriatal cells are dependent on the oxidative metabolism of MPTP to the quaternary species MPP+. We have therefore compared the distribution and metabolism of MPTP in the monkey and several rodent species. Three major differences have been identified: 1) the primate, but not the rodents, showed a persistently high concentration of MPTP metabolites in the caudate nucleus compared to other brain regions; 2) the rodent brains cleared MPTP and its metabolites much more rapidly than did the monkey, and; 3) the predominant metabolite retained by the monkey brain was MPP+, while MPP+ cannot be detected in rodent brains for more than a few hours after injection. The persistence of MPP+ in the primate brain may explain the heightened toxicity of MPTP in this species.
Familial white skin spotting (piebaldness) ("partial albinism") with white forelock.

Summary Attention is called to an unusualhereditary condition of white skin spotting (piebaldness) with white forelock which has been reported in detail previously in twenty-one families throughout the world. Two additional American families are cited with a description of the essential clinical features and familial characteristics. The pigmentary skin defect is congenital, of a relatively constant, striking, and unchanging pattern, not related to albinism, and is transmitted by direct mendelian inheritance as a simple anomaly.
Spectral domain phase microscopy for local measurements of cytoskeletal rheology in single cells

We present spectral domain phase microscopy (SDPM) as a new tool for measurements at the cellular scale. SDPM is a functional extension of spectral domain optical coherence tomography that allows for the detection of cellular motions and dynamics with nanometer-scale sensitivity in real time. Our goal was to use SDPM to investigate the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton of MCF-7 cells. Magnetic tweezers were designed to apply a vertical force to ligand-coated magnetic beads attached to integrin receptors on the cell surfaces. SDPM was used to resolve cell surface motions induced by the applied stresses. The cytoskeletal response to an applied force is shown for both normal cells and those with compromised actin networks due to treatment with Cytochalasin D. The cell response data were fit to several models for cytoskeletal rheology, including one- and two-exponential mechanical models, as well as a power law. Finally, we correlated displacement measurements to physical characteristics of individual cells to better compare properties across many cells, reducing the coefficient of variation of extracted model parameters by up to 50%.
TRANSFECTION WITH cDNAs FOR γ-GLUMTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE (GGCS) IN MAMMALIAN CELLS ENHANCES GLUTATHIONE (GSH) SYNTHETIC CAPACITY. ▴ 1233

TRANSFECTION WITH cDNAs FOR γ-GLUMTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE (GGCS) IN MAMMALIAN CELLS ENHANCES GLUTATHIONE (GSH) SYNTHETIC CAPACITY. ▴ 1233
Executive Functions in Persons with Sleep Apnea.

Seventeen patients with sleep apnea syndrome [SAS, Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) = 12−85] were compared with 16 normal controls (RDI < 7) on neuropsychological tests of executive functions, a domain in which SAS patients have been suggested to have deficits. SAS patients demonstrated greater deficits in the retrieval of information from semantic memory (Controlled Oral Word Association task) and in shifting responses in the face of error (Wisconsin Card Sort Test), but differences in working memory were not observed. Eliciting deficits in cognitive executive functions in SAS may require more sensitive measures than are typically used in neuropsychiatric research.
Self-bending of light: reply to comment.

Bending of a 100-fs laser pulse with an oblique front is observed. Self-bending and cross-phase modulation bending are discussed.
America's invisible children need visible services: an executive view.

JCPN Commentary presents a series of observations, opinions, and analyses of issues and trends in education and practice in psychiatric and mental health nursing, and social policy factors that influence, families, or the delivery of health services to youth and their families.
Personal Preferences Regarding Family Member Presence during Resuscitation

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that family members wish to be present during the resuscitation of a family member. No studies have addressed whether the patient would want family members present if he or she required resuscitation. The authors wanted to determine patients' preferences regarding family member presence during their own resuscitation. Methods: A seven-item survey was administered to a sample of patients and their family members older than 17 years of age on six randomly chosen shifts in an academic community hospital emergency department. Responses were analyzed using chisquare and t-tests. Subjective comments were also recorded. Results: A total of 266 subjects were asked to participate in the study; 200 subjects agreed to complete the survey. Most (72%) wanted a family member present. However, 21% did not wish any family member to be present. Positive responders (family present) tended to be younger (mean, 39.4 years; 95% confidence interval = 36.7 to 42.2) than negative responders (mean, 50.5 years; 95% confidence interval = 42.9 to 55.7; p < 0.001). Positive responders were also more likely to be nonwhite (Χ 2 = 6.29, p < 0.05). Gender, education, or health status was not associated with responder type. Of positive responders, 56% stated they wanted only certain members present, and these preferences were variable. Conclusions: Patients preferred to have family members present during their resuscitation. However, most of the positive responders wanted only certain members present, and approximately one in five patients, who tended to be older and white, did not want any family present. This study does not support an open policy of allowing family members into a resuscitation without prior knowledge of the patient's preferences.
Revisiting the Efficacy of Postsecondary Remediation: The Moderating Effects of Depth/Breadth of Deficiency

Postsecondary remediation is an important and highly contentious issue that has received comparatively little comprehensive attention with respect to evaluating its effectiveness. This study addresses two relatively unexplored aspects of remedial efficacy: the moderating effects of depth and breadth of underpreparation. I find that, regardless of the depth or breadth of students' initial deficiencies, students who achieve college-level competency in English and math generally exhibit similar levels of attainment. This finding supports the efficacy of remediation even for students who face the greatest deficiencies in English or math and those who have dual deficiencies in both English and math.
RUSSIA AND THE TURKISH STRAITS A Revaluation of the Origins of the Problem

The USSR placed on the agenda of the Big Three wartime conference at Yalta in February 1945 the question of the Turkish Straits. Of this 200-mile natural channel, less than 60 miles—the Bosphorus coming from the Black Sea and the Dardanelles going to the Aegean—are true straits, joined by the inland sea of Marmara. Ever since 1841 the transit of naval vessels through the Straits has been regulated by international agreement. The latest regime was established by a convention signed at Montreux in July 1936, authorizing Turkey to remilitarize the strategic waterway and, if it were “threatened with imminent danger of war” or actually engaged in war (Articles 20 and 21), to permit or disallow at its discretion the passage of warships through the narrows.
Evidence of abnormal vasodilator reserve in coronary spasm.

A lthough reduction of coronary flow reserve (CFR) is a common consequence of significant coronary stenoses, recent observations suggest that it may also be abnormal in other clinical settings such as myocardial hypertrophy or syndrome X in the absence of stenosesY This report shows that the CFR may also be abnormal in patients with normal coronary arteries and vasospasm. A 60-year-old man was referred for cardiac catheterization because of increasingly frequent episodes of chest pain occurring mainly at rest but also with exertion. He had a history of mild systemic hypertension and esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux. A treadmill test performed shortly after the onset of his symptoms 3 years earlier was negative at a pressure rate product of 264 X IO2 mm Hg X beats/min. Medications included propranolol 120 mg/day, topical nitrates 20 mg/day, hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day and cimetidine 400 mg/day. The blood pressure was lSO/SS mm Hg and the heart rate was 56 beats/min. The remainder of the examination was entirely normal as was the electrocardiogram at rest, the chest roentgenogram and an M-mode echocardiogram. No evidence for left ventricular hypertrophy was present. A repeat treadmill exercise test was stopped after 7 minutes of the standard Bruce protocol because of fatigue. The pressure-rate product achieved was 224 X lo2 mm Hg X beats/min. The patient had no chest pain, but there was 2 mm of horizontal ST depression in leads VJ, V5 and Vg, and concomitant thallium-201 scintigraphy revealed a reversible anteroseptal perfusion defect. A11 medications were withheld the night before catheterization. Left ventriculography and coronary arteriography were performed using the
Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5 in children with chronic renal failure: relationship to growth and glomerular filtration rate. The European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. German Study Group for Growth Hormone Treatment in Chronic Renal Failure.

Growth retardation in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) is partly due to an inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity by an excess of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The aim of this study was to analyze the serum levels and forms of IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 in CRF patients using specific, recently developed radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and immunoblot analysis. We examined 89 children [age 11.5 (2.8–19.0) years] with CRF [glomerular filtration rate 26.6 (7.0–67.4) ml/min per 1.73 m2], nine of them with end-stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Serum-immunoreactive IGFBP-4 levels were fourfold increased in CRF (prepubertal 1080±268 ng/ml; pubertal 989±299 ng/ml) compared to healthy prepubertal controls (265±73 ng/ml). In contrast, serum IGFBP-5 levels were not significantly increased neither in prepubertal (361±120 ng/ml vs 282±75 ng/ml in controls) nor pubertal CRF children (478±165 ng/ml vs 491±80 ng/ml in controls). Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of intact as well as fragmented IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. Serum IGFBP-4, but not IGFBP-5, levels were inversely correlated with GFR (r=–0.39, P<0.001). In prepuber- tal children, IGFBP-4 levels were inversely correlated with standardized height (r=–0.40; P<0.005). In contrast, IGFBP-5 levels were positively correlated both with standardized height (r=0.32, P<0.02) and baseline height velocity (r=0.45, P<0.005). A 3-month therapy with rhGH stimulated serum IGFBP-5 levels by 43% (P<0.01); there was no consistent effect on IGFBP-4 levels. There was a positive correlation between IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-2 (r=0.46, P<0.001); IGFBP-5 was positively correlated with IGF-I (r=0.59, P<0.001), IGF-II (r=0.42, P<0.001) and IGFBP-3 (r=0.47, P<0.001) and inversely correlated with IGFBP-1 (r=–0.41, P<0.001). In summary, serum IGFBP-4 is fourfold elevated in children with CRF in relation to the degree of renal dysfunction and contributes to the marked increase in IGF-binding capacity in CRF serum. The inverse correlation of serum IGFBP-4 with standardized height is consistent with its role as another inhibitor of the biological action of the IGFs on growth plate cartilage. In contrast, serum IGFBP-5 is not elevated in CRF serum and circulates mainly as proteolysed fragments. The positive correlation of serum IGFBP-5 with growth and its increase during GH therapy indicate that IGFBP-5 is a stimulatory IGFBP in patients with CRF, either by enhancing IGF activity through better presentation of IGF to its receptor or by an IGF-independent effect through activation of a specific, recently described putative IGFBP-5-receptor.
Molecular Magnets Constructed from Cyanometalate Building Blocks

Abstract The properties of magnetic solids constructed from cyanometalate building blocks are reviewed. Most of these solids adopt face-centered cubic lattices in which adjacent metal centers are linked by CN bridges; they are analogues of the long-known inorganic coordination polymer Prussian blue. Ferromagnets, ferrimagnets, and metamagnets can be obtained depending on the building blocks used. The effects of linkage disorder, site vacancies, and the inclusion of metal ions with orbitally degenerate ground states on the magnetic ordering temperature and hysteretic behavior are discussed. Substitution of lowvalent early transition metals such as vanadium(II) into the lattice leads to remarkably high magnetic ordering temperatures, in some cases above 200 K. The large exchange couplings in these vanadium-based molecular magnets are attributed to strong π-backbonding interactions with the cyanide π* orbitals.
The influence of the carboxyl terminus of the Alzheimer Aβ peptide on its conformation, aggregation, and neurotoxic properties

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a 39–43 residue amphipathic peptide that is the major proteinaceous component of senile plaques that are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To examine the contribution of the hydrophobic carboxyl-terminal domain on the aggregation, fibril formation, and neurotoxic activity, we have examined the effect of substituting the carboxyl-terminal residues 29–42 derived from two other type I transmembrane proteins: the β-adrenergic and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The chimeric peptides, Aβ1-28ADR29-42 and Aβ1-28LDL29-42, have the same high β-sheet content as human Aβ1-42 in solution at pH 7.4 and display a conformation-dependent epitope that is associated with Aβ aggregates, indicating that these properties are largely independent of the carboxyl domain sequence. Previous studies have shown that the length of the carboxyl terminus is important for the formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-resistant oligomers. Aβ1-42 and the chimeric peptides co-assemble to form SDS-resistant, oligomeric mixed aggregates in all permutations, indicating that this interaction is not sequence specific. Upon assembly into insoluble aggregates, both chimeric peptides display an amorphous morphology rather than the regular 6–10 nm fibrils that are typical of human Aβ1-42. Aβ1-28ADR29-42 is equally toxic to primary rat hippocampal neurons as Aβ1-42, while Aβ1-28LDL29-42 is devoid of toxic activity. These results indicate that although β-sheet conformation may be required for toxic activity, it is not sufficient and 6–10 nm fibril morphology is not an obligate requirement for neuronal toxicity.
Mini-Incision Fixation of Nondisplaced Scaphoid Fracture Nonunions

Purpose Scaphoid nonunions are commonly repaired by an open surgical technique involving debridement, bone grafting, and internal fixation. The purpose of our study is to describe a small subset of scaphoid nonunions that are nondisplaced and might be suitable for a more limited, minimally invasive technique that might offer good results while potentially reducing soft tissue injury. Methods Nine patients seen over a 3-year period by a single surgeon were identified as having scaphoid nonunions without radiographic evidence of displacement, angulation, degenerative changes, osteonecrosis, or carpal instability. Two additional patients with well-aligned delayed unions of 4 months' duration were also studied. All had surgery through a tiny dorsal incision with reaming, local cancellous bone grafting, re-reaming, and compression screw fixation. This was performed under fluoroscopy but without arthroscopy. Pain, range of motion, and grip strength as well as radiographic evidence of healing were recorded. Results Patients treated for nonunions were followed up for an average of 27 months (range 10–45 months), and all 9 fractures healed at a mean time of 3 months. At final follow-up, there were no radiographic signs of nonunion. The mean arc of wrist motion was 124°, or 91% of that of the contralateral, normal wrist. The mean postoperative grip strength was 29 kgf, or 85% of the value in the opposite hand. At final follow-up, all but 1 patient were pain free, and none had evidence of progression of degenerative changes or carpal instability on final radiographs. The 2 delayed union cases healed at 2 and 3 months with similar postoperative functional measurements. There were no complications. Conclusions Uncomplicated scaphoid nonunions that are nondisplaced and nonangulated are candidates for the minimally invasive bone grafting and compression screw fixation procedure described. Patients who fit the strict inclusion criteria can expect a reliable healing rate and good functional outcome with a more limited procedure. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Comparisons of thresholds for carcinogenicity on linear and logarithmic dosage scales

Comparisons on a linear and the Rozman logarithmic scale for dosage versus carcinogenicity in rodents are presented for methyl eugenol (ME), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), ethyl carbamate (EC) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Each of these chemicals has been shown to be carcinogenic in experimental animals and, in addition, humans are regularly exposed to at least three of these compounds (ME, NDEA, EC) in foods. Although the source of adducts from AAF is not known, the aminofluorene (AF) adduct is present in humans. Plotted on the same graphs are either some doses from common foods (ME, NDEA, EC) or adducts (AF) on human haemoglobin, for perspective, with their thresholds for carcinogenesis in animals. Use of a linear scale when comparing doses administered to animals in studies of carcinogenicity with doses of those same chemicals to which humans are exposed does not provide useful, comparative information. On the other hand, the Rozman logarithmic scale for dose allows one to put these relative doses in perspective. It is also evident that forcing a linear extrapolation through the zero, zero origin does not agree with the experimental data. Further analyses for goodness of fit for these dose responses reveal that the dose response for three of these compounds (ME, NDEA, EC) appears to be linear with the logarithm of the dose. However, AAF appears to be linear with the logarithm of the dose for bladder, but not for liver. It is suggested that the high background incidence of tumours in the BALB/c StCrlfC3Hf/Nctr mouse liver may confound the interpretation of dose response from AAF carcinogenesis in mouse liver.
Effect of a simulation game on locus of control of institutionalized delinquent youth.

‘High School,’ a simulation game, was used to alter the locus of control of 31 institutionalized delinquent youth 15 to 18 yr. of age. Significant differences in locus of control were not found bet...
Cranial computed tomography in the resuscitated patient with cardiac arrest

Abstract Introduction The incidence of out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest from all causes in the United States occurs not infrequently. Postresuscitation care should include the identification of the inciting arrest event as well as therapy tailored to support the patient and treat the primary cause of the decompensation. The application of one particular testing modality, cranial computed tomography (CT) of the head, has not yet been determined. We undertook an evaluation of the use of head CT in patients who were resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Methods Prehospital (emergency medical services), ED, and hospital records were reviewed for patients of all ages with cardiorespiratory arrest over a 4-year period (July 1996-June 2000). Information regarding diagnosis, management, and outcome was recorded. The results of cranial CT, if performed, and any apparent resulting therapeutic changes were recorded. Patients with a known traumatic mechanism for the cardiorespiratory arrest were excluded. Results A total of 454 patients (mean age 58.3 years with 60% male) with cardiorespiratory arrest were entered in the study with 98 (22%) individuals (mean age 58.5 years with 53% male) undergoing cranial CT. Arrest location was as follows: emergency medical services, 41 (42%); ED, 11 (11%); and hospital, 46 (47%). Seventy-eight (79%) patients demonstrated 111 CT abnormalities: edema, 35 (32%); atrophy, 24 (22%); extra-axial hemorrhage, 14 (13%); old infarct, 12 (11%); new infarct, 11 (10%); intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 6 (5%); skull fracture, 5 (4%); mass, 3 (2%); and foreign body, 1 (1%). Therapeutic and diagnostic alterations in care were made in 38 (39%) patients—35 abnormal and 3 normal CTs. The following alterations occurred: medication administration, 26; withdrawal of life support, 7; additional diagnostic study, 6; neurologic consultation, 6; and intracranial pressure monitoring. 4. No patient survived to discharge. Conclusion In this subset of resuscitated patients with cardiac arrest, abnormalities on the head CT were not uncommon. Alterations in management did occur in those patients with abnormalities. The indications and impact of head CT in the population of resuscitated patients with cardiac arrest remain unknown, warranting further investigation.
HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120, has no effects on inositol phosphate production and metabolism in the Jurkat T-cell line either in the presence or absence of receptor stimulation.

We have used HPLC techniques to investigate the effects of gp120 upon inositol phosphate turnover in Jurkat E6-1 CD4+ T-cells, to pursue previous reports that this viral coat protein: (a) inhibits receptor-activated inositol phosphate release; (b) stimulates basal inositol phosphate release; (c) inhibits inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase. Treatment of cells with up to 10 μg/ml gp120 from between 10 min and 24 h was without effect upon inositol phosphate turnover in both basal cells, and in C305 and OKT3 stimulated cells. This is the first report that biologically competent gp120 does not affect any aspect of inositol phosphate turnover in either basal or receptor-activated lymphocytes.
Organic vapor detection with fiber optic bead arrays

The need for small, fast responding detection systems is growing and fiber-optic bead arrays offer a different approach to small sensor design. Sensor arrays are fabricated by inserting self-encoded microspheres into microwells etched into the distal face of an imaging fiber. Each imaging fiber is 0.5 - 1 mm in outer diameter and consists of 5,000 - 10,000 individually clad, 3 - 4 micrometers diameter optical fibers bundled together. The bundles are coherent, allowing each microsphere in a well to be addressed as an individual sensor. Microsphere sensors are silica or polymer beads (approximately 3 micrometers in diameter) impregnated with solvatochromic dyes. These dyes alter their fluorescence emission spectra in response to changes in vapor polarity, allowing analytes to be discriminated based on their signature fluorescence response over time. A computational network is trained to recognize these response patterns for each sensor type, allowing for identification of specific organic vapors. Each sensor type is cross- reactive, and has unique fluorescence response patterns to different analytes. The sensor types can be identified based on their unique responses, allowing their position to be registered by observing the identity of the response pattern toward a known standard. Such encoding enables array fabrication to be simplified since sensors can be randomly dispersed throughout the array, instead of specifically patterned within the array. Possible applications for bead array detectors include environmental and industrial monitoring, land mine detection, and medical diagnostics.
High-Gradient Magnetic Field Split-Flow Thin Channel (HGMF-SPLITT) Fractionation of Nanoscale Paramagnetic Particles

Abstract High‐gradient magnetic field (HGMF) split‐flow thin channel (SPLITT) fractionation (HGMF‐SPLITT) is a newly developed magnetic fractionation technique for separating submicron and/or nanoscale paramagnetic particulate species in a continuously flowing separator. Incorporation of high‐gradient magnetic fields, into the split‐flow‐fractionation separator geometry, increases the magnetic force experienced by a paramagnetic submicron particle relative to current magnetic field‐flow‐fractionation devices. The application of HGMF‐SPLITT fractionation, for selective separation of paramagnetic submicron particulates, was experimentally investigated.
Does the Revised Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography Represent an Improvement Over the Initial Criteria? A Comparison between the 2011 and the 2007 Appropriateness Use Criteria for Echocardiography

Background The appropriateness use criteria (AUC) for the performance of transthoracic echocardiography were recently revised. The aims of this study were to evaluate the 2011 AUC for echocardiography for their ability to categorize indications not addressed by the older AUC and to identify trends in ordering unclassified and inappropriate studies when applying the new AUC. Methods We reviewed 384 consecutive adult transthoracic echocardiographic studies performed at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The appropriateness of each study was determined applying both the 2007 and the 2011 AUC. Results Among the 384 studies evaluated, 212 (55.2%) were performed in men, 261 (67.9%) were inpatient studies, and 186 (48.4%) were ordered by cardiologists. Compared with the older 2007 AUC, applying the new 2011 AUC demonstrated a lower rate of unclassified studies (5.5% vs 12.5%), higher rates of appropriate (92.2% vs 86.7%) and inappropriate (1.8% vs 0.8%) studies, and no significant change in the rate of uncertain studies (0.5% vs 0.0%). Of the 5.5% of studies that continued to be unclassified despite the application of the more extensive 2011 AUC, common indications included preoperative evaluation for non-transplantation surgery in patients with coronary artery disease, postoperative assessment of thoracic aortic surgery in the absence of any clinical change, and reassessment of ventricular function after revascularization in the absence of acute coronary syndromes. Conclusions Compared with the 2007 AUC for transthoracic echocardiography, application of the recently revised 2011 criteria leads to a significant decrease in the number of studies that are not classified, demonstrating that the AUC revision was successful in achieving the goal of addressing more clinical indications.
Ductility, toughness and strain recovery in self-healing dual cross-linked nanoparticle networks studied by computer simulations

Abstract One of the challenges in formulating useful nanocomposites is creating materials that are both tough and strong. Here, we review results of computational studies on a new class of nanocomposites that exhibit these desirable properties. The fundamental unit in these materials is a polymer grafted nanoparticle (PGN), which encompasses a rigid core and a corona of end-grafted polymers. We focus on a concentrated solution of these PGNs; the solution is assumed to be a good solvent for the grafted chains, which are in the semi-dilute regime. The free ends of the grafted chains encompass chemically reactive groups. Hence, with the overlap of the coronas on neighboring nanoparticles, the reactive end groups can form labile or more stable (“permanent”) bonds, leading to the creation of a “dual cross-linked” network. To predict the mechanical properties of these dual cross-linked PGN networks, we developed a multi-scale model that captures interactions occurring over the range of length and time scales that characterize the performance of the system. Namely, the model integrates the essential structural features of the polymer grafted nanoparticles, the interactions between the overlapping coronas, the kinetics of bond formation and rupture between the reactive end-groups and the response of the entire sample to mechanical deformation. Using this computational approach, we determined the effect of the labile bond energy, the fraction of permanent bonds and the introduction of high-strength bonds on the ductility and toughness of the PGN network. Furthermore, we determined the strain recovery and self-healing behavior of the material after it was allowed to relax from an applied tensile force. Through these studies, we isolated critical parameters that control the mechanical response and rejuvenation of dual cross-linked PGN networks. Our findings allow researchers to understand how variations in these key parameters can lead to changes in the materials’ mechanical behavior and thus, can facilitate the fabrication of the next generation of nanocomposites with novel and technologically useful properties.
Modes of Cl- transport across the mucosal and serosal membranes of urodele intestinal cells.

The characteristics of Cl− movement across luminal and basolateral membranes ofAmphiuma intestinal absorptive cells were studied using Cl−-sensitive microelectrodes and tracer36Cl techniques. Intracellular Cl− activity (a Cl ) was unchanged when serosal Cl− was replaced; when luminal Cl− was replaced cell Cl− was rapidly lost. Accordingly, the steady statea Cl could be varied by changing the luminal [Cl]. As luminal [Cl] was raised from 1 to 86mM,a Cl rose in a linear manner, the mucosal membrane hyperpolarized, and the transepithelial voltage became serosa negative. In contrast, the rate of Cl− transport from the cell into the serosal medium, measured as the SITS-inhibitable portion of the Cl− absorptive flux, attained a maximum whena Cl reached an apparent value of 17mm, indicating the presence of a saturable, serosal transport step. The stilbeneinsensitive absorptive flux was linear with luminal [Cl], suggestive of a paracellular route of movement. Intracellulara Cl was near electrochemical equilibrium at all but the lowest values of luminal [Cl] after interference produced by other anions was taken into account.a Cl was unaffected by Na replacement, removal of medium K, or elevation of medium HCO 3 − . Mucosae labeled with36Cl lost isotope into both luminal and serosal media at the same rate and from compartments of equal capacity. Lowering luminal [Cl] or addition of theophylline enhanced luminal Cl− efflux. It is concluded that a conductive Cl leak pathway is present in the luminal membrane. Serosal transfer is by a saturable, stilbene-inhibitable pathway. Luminal Cl− entry appears to be passive, but an electrogenic uptake cannot be discounted.
Reflectance of leaf components

Abstract The reflectance of leaf components was evaluated over the 370 to 1100 nm wavelength interval. Kodak high speed, black-and-white infrared photographs at 850 nm showed that: (1) Leaf epidermises of Elodea (Anacharis canandensis, Planch.) and Lemna L, diffused incoming infrared light; (2) infrared light was reflected from surfaces inside leaves of Rhoeo discolor Hance, through stomatal apertures; and (3) crystals and chloroplasts in the expressed sap of Zebrina pendula Schnizl. reflected infrared light. Scans (370 to 1 100 nm) showed that reflectance from complex cell walls of Agave americana L. compared with that of the adjacent cytoplasm was significantly greater ( p=0.01 ) than the reflectance of simpler cell walls of Heliconia humile L. compared with that of the adjacent cytoplasm. The reflectance of Vicia faba L. nuclei was larger (significant, p=0.10 ) than that of adjacent cell areas. Results show that refractive index discontinuities in leaves cause the reflectance of near-infrared light.
j3Δg state of the hydrogen molecule

Abstract The potential energy curve for the j 3 Δ g state of the hydrogen molecule has been calculated in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Highly flexible wavefunctions depending explicitly on the interelectronic distance have been used. The vibrational Schrodinger equation for the j state has been solved for H 2 , HD, and D 2 . The results are compared with the available experimental data, and it is shown that the adiabatic and nonadiabatic effects are mainly responsible for the existing discrepancy. The singlet-triplet separation for the j - J pair of states is also discussed.
Model calculations of anisotropic electron lifetimes due to dilute substitutional impurities in molybdenum

The de Haas-van Alphen technique forms a sensitive probe of the electronic structure of dilute alloys because of its dependence on the seattering rate in the forward direction. We report the results of a first principle model calculation of the scattering rate of dilute impurities in molybdenum which focuses on the anisotropy of the host wave function on the Fermi surface. This simplified model treats the impurity potential as an atomic potential screened by a Thomas-Fermi function. Substitutional impurities in bcc molybdenum have been studied using the Greens function (KKR) wave functions. The band structure calculated via the KKR method was fitted to a Fourier series representation in order to accurately determine a sufficiently large number of states on the Fermi surface.
Bis- and Tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato Ligands with Bulky Triptycyl Substituents: The Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Tl[Bp(Trip)] and Tl[Tp(Trip)].

Bis- and tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato complexes with bulky triptycyl substituents (Trip) in the 3-positions, Tl[BpTrip] and Tl[TpTrip], have been synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray d...
Optical properties of laser-active color centers

Abstract This paper reviews the main characteristics of laser-active color centers, which have been actively studied since about 1974. Certain color centers in the alkali halides can be used to create broadly tunable, optically pumped lasers in the near infrared. These color centers form a homogeneously broadened gain medium, with nearly ideal properties for lasers. Optical pumping of the color center is discussed with special attention paid to related phonon interactions and to dynamic characteristics of the transitions. The physical properties of color centers relevant to the formation of useful lasers are emphasized, but no encyclopedic survey of all the data and research literature is attempted.
Long-term Visual Results and Complications in Children with Aphakia: A Function of Cataract Type

Purpose: Previous studies of outcome in children with aphakia have approached the data by grouping patients according to features such as age at surgery, type of procedure, or some other common attribute. The purpose of this study is to identify factors predictive for visual outcome and complications in pediatric patients with cataracts. Method: One hundred seventy-four eyes in 118 patients underwent lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy for congenital or juvenile cataracts. All received early optical correction, occlusion therapy when necessary, and follow-up for at least 6 months. Visual outcome and complications were analyzed statistically to determine predictive factors. Features analyzed included cataract type, laterality, age at onset, follow-up, and corneal size. Results: Statistical analysis showed that the most important predictor of long-term visual outcome and complications is cataract type. Visual outcome differed significantly by cataract type, with best results in the lamellar and posterior lentiglobus groups. Unilateral cases had a mean acuity lower than bilateral cases. Other factors, such as age at surgery and corneal size, were less predictive but closely linked to cataract type. Complications, such as aphakic glaucoma, also were more closely linked to the type of cataract than to other variables. Conclusion: The results indicate that an important determinant of long-term outcome and complications in aphakic children is cataract type. Other features were found to be closely correlated to cataract type and were not independently significant.
Precursors for Carbon and Graphlte Fibers

Abstract Commercial production of carbon and graphite fiber products has been dominated by technology based on the thermal conversion of rayon and polyacrylonitrile fibers. In fact, a wide range of potentially useful and low-cost precursors exist. Most recently, pitch-based fibers have materialized as strong contenders for carbon fiber production. This study is a comprehensive analysis of carbon fiber precursors. It presents a data base for the development of a generalized theory for the prediction of formation of carbon fibers with high mechanical properties.
Comparative ultrastructure of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies.

A total of 10 strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies were examined by transmission electron kicroscopy after conventional processing, and staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. All strains examined had a cell periphery with a basic ultrastructure typical of that reprted for other Gram-negative bacteria. However, only s.s. asaccharolytucus strins exhibited a moderately electron-dense covering layer, 16–19 nm thick, in contact with the outer membrane of the cell wall, and numerous intercellular membranous vesicles. S.s. melaninogenicus strains, in contrast to those of those of other subspecies, had no extramural structures, and exhibited a distinct, intercellular, fibrillar matrix. S.s. intermedius cells featured a 9–14 nm thick, electron-dense extramural layer which was separated by an electron-lucent layer of similar thickness from the outer membrane of the wall. these morphological differences may be useful in differentiating these subspecies from one another. phological differences may be useful in differentiating these subspecies from one another.
Piloted Ignition to Flaming in Smoldering Polyurethane Foam

Experimental results are presented on the piloted transition from smoldering to flaming in flexible polyurethane foam. The experiments are conducted with small parallelepiped samples vertically placed in a wind tunnel. Three of the sample lateral-sides are insulated and the fourth side is exposed to an upward oxidizer flow and to a variable radiant flux. Thermocouples placed along the sample centerline allow monitoring of the smolder temperatures and calculation of the smolder velocity. The results show that the piloted transition from smoldering to flaming is possible under a wider range of external conditions than the spontaneous transition from smoldering to flaming. It is found that the smolder velocity and peak smolder temperature, which are strongly affected by the oxygen mole fraction and radiant heat flux, are strongly correlated to the ignition to flaming event, in that there are minimum values of these parameters for ignition to take place. The minimum smolder velocity and temperature for ignition are found to be approximately 0.185 mm/s, and 363 oC, respectively. The existence of a minimum smolder velocity for ignition supports the concept of a gaseous mixture reaching a lean flammability limit as the criteria for ignition to flaming, because the pyrolysate mass production rate is proportional to the smolder velocity. The critical mass production rate of smolder gaseous products is calculated from the minimum smolder velocity to be approximately 7.35 mg/s. A one-step Arrhenius- type reaction proposed for the solid-to-gas conversion in smoldering helps explain the relationship between the peak smolder temperature and the pyrolysate mass production, and the observed effects of smolder temperature on the piloted ignition.
Numerical study of Markovian arrival processes (MAP) with time-varying periodic arrival rates

We consider the arrival rate of a Markovian Arrival Process with time-varying periodic transition rates. The arrival rate can vary widely for a MAP with fixed average transition rates by selecting appropriate transition rate functions over the period.