cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the temporal and spatial dependence of reverberation mechanisms for KOREX-17

Mid-frequency reverberation data were obtained over a 9-day period off Geoje Island, Republic of Korea, complemented by transmission loss and backscatter measurements. The reverberation data were collected using the Autonomous Reverberation Measurement System (ARMS), a benthic lander with a source and receive array mounted on a rotation stage in order to collect reverberation data as a function of bearing angle. The ARMS was repeatedly deployed in roughly the same location over the course of the experiment. The surficial sediments close to the ARMS are known to be composed primarily of mud with occasional rock outcrops. Beyond a range of 2 km, the sediment composition is uncertain and a geoacoustic measurement survey has been planned to collect additional data in this region. Using contemporaneous measurements of the sea surface directional wave spectrum and the currently limited geoacoustic data, modeling is used to estimate the relative importance of sea bottom and surface reverberation. [Work supported by of the Office of Naval Research.]
How Online Family History Tool Design and Message Content Impact User Perceptions: An Examination of Family HealthLink.

BACKGROUND Family health history tools have the ability to improve health outcomes and promote patient-provider communication, but some research suggests their effectiveness is limited. Tool design features may heavily influence users' perceptions of the tools. AIMS This study provides a summative evaluation of the Family HealthLink tool, which assesses cancer and coronary heart disease risk based on personal and family health history, to better understand how tool design and message content impact user perceptions. METHOD User observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with breast cancer patients (n = 16) and support persons (n = 18) at an academic comprehensive breast center. RESULTS The users responded positively to many of Family HealthLink's features, but they noted that it lacked a modern design. The participants felt much of the risk information was too generic and did not account for lifestyle factors. The users also did not consistently interpret the qualitative risk assessments provided by Family HealthLink. CONCLUSION Our data analysis suggests that certain aspects of the Family HealthLink tool could be executed more effectively to take fuller advantage of opportunities for online personalization.
Pembrolizumab in newly diagnosed EBV‑negative extranodal natural killer/T‑cell lymphoma: A case report

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a dismal prognosis. The pathogenesis almost invariably involves Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, although EBV-negative ENKTLs are frequently reported in the western hemisphere. Treatment of these lymphomas consists of aggressive chemotherapy with dexamethasone, methotrexate, ifosfamide, L-asparaginase and etoposide (SMILE regimen). However, the SMILE regimen is poorly tolerated by elderly patients; therefore, treatment options are limited to palliative radiation and chemotherapy and/or hospice care. Recently, binding of programmed death (PD)-1 with its ligand (PD-L1) expressed on tumor cells was shown to downregulate effector T-cell function and may represent a potent mechanism of immune evasion in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma and aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Thus, targeting PD-L1/PD-1 to inhibit effector T-cell signaling may be a promising therapeutic strategy for these NK/T-cell lymphomas. We herein report the clinical efficacy and feasibility of the anti-PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab used concurrently with radiation therapy and as maintenance therapy in an elderly female patient. The findings demonstrated that pembrolizumab may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for this type of lymphoma.
Utilization of the Nasoseptal Flap for Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak after Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resection of Pituitary Tumors.

Background One of the most frequent complications after endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for resection of pituitary tumors is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. With the introduction of the pedicled nasoseptal flap, the reconstruction of the skull base has improved significantly resulting in a decrease in the occurrence of persistent CSF leaks. We present our experience utilizing the pedicled nasoseptal flap technique after EEA for reconstruction of the skull base in cases where CSF leak was detected. Methods Data for patients undergoing EEA for pituitary tumors was retrospectively reviewed. These included demographic, clinical, operative, radiographic, and pathological information. Incidence of post-operative complications and CSF leaks were recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results Between 2008 and 2015, 67 patients and 69 hospital admissions with pituitary tumors underwent a nasoseptal flap to reconstruct a skull base defect at Johns Hopkins Hospital. The mean age at surgery was 54.5±14.2 years. Fifty-two percent of patients were male. Forty-six percent of patients were white, 33% African-American, and 12% belonged to other racial groups. There was an intraoperative CSF leak in 39% of patients. Seventy percent of patients with an intraoperative CSF leak had a nasoseptal flap reconstruction of the skull base. There were zero postoperative CSF leaks. Conclusion With the introduction of the pedicled nasoseptal flap for reconstruction of the skull base after EEA for resection of pituitary adenomas, the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks has decreased significantly. In this retrospective analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of nasoseptal flap in repairing CSF leak after EEA.
Non-reciprocity in mechanically modulated elastic metamaterials with geometric asymmetry

Elastic metamaterials with time- and space-dependent effective material properties have received great attention as a means to generate non-reciprocal wave propagation in acoustic and elastic media. These materials have promise for applications such as acoustic communication devices with increased data throughput and improved vibration isolation components. One means to modulate the material properties of a heterogeneous medium is via nonlinear mechanical deformation on time scales that are slow compared to propagating waves. This approach has been explored by the authors using the finite element method (FEM) to demonstrate non-reciprocal elastic wave propagation in negative stiffness honeycombs with a time- and space-varying external pre-strain [Goldsberry et al., JASA 144, 1763 (2018)]. One benefit of FEM is that it can be used to study the degree of non-reciprocity when varying sub-wavelength geometry or geometric modulations that are difficult or impossible to represent using analytical models. The present work employs FEM to investigate non-reciprocity in elastic lattices consisting of unit cells with varied geometric asymmetry and more general forms of mechanical modulation. [Work supported by National Science Foundation EFRI under Award No. 1641078.]
Big Data and the Intelligence Community - Lessons for Health Care.

Big Data and the Intelligence Community Health care is lagging behind other industries in its approaches to data science, in part because it is relatively new to big data. By learning from the inte...
Transatlantic cooperation: using a consortial approach to enhance health professions education and practice

In summary, consortial arrangements are excellent mechanisms to centralize operations, serve as a central clearinghouse for international information, increase communication, and create greater efficiencies in the exchange process. The outcomes of our initial experiences with the consortial arrangement indicate a great deal of satisfaction among students and faculty.
Safe rebellious places: the value of informal spaces in schools to counter the emotional silencing of youth of color

Drawing on qualitative research with adolescent youth of color, this paper imagines the power and potential of informal youth-driven spaces in schools as sites of emotional safety and rebellion. Ca...
Effects of electroacupuncture and auricular acupuncture for chronic pain in cancer survivors: The PEACE randomized controlled trial.

12004Background: The national opioid crisis has created new challenges in oncology pain management and highlighted an urgent need for non-pharmacological treatments. We evaluated the comparative ef...
Perceived Discriminatory Factors that Impact Prenatal Care Satisfaction and Attendance among Adolescent and Young Adult Couples

Abstract Objective To identify possible discriminatory factors that lead to prenatal care dissatisfaction and disengagement from prenatal care among young, expecting couples with a focus on exploring the experiences of Black and Latinx participants. Methods 296 young adolescent couples were recruited. Each couple consisted of an expecting female (ExpF) and an expectant male (ExpM). Participants were asked to give responses to a survey and data was collected at 3 different time points. Participants The sample consisted of 296 expecting young couples. Setting Participants were recruited from OB/GYN clinics and ultrasound clinics from four university affiliated hospitals in southern Connecticut Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was prenatal care satisfaction. The secondary outcome was number of prenatal care visits that were attended by each member of the couple dyad. Both of these outcomes were assessed to evaluate if discriminatory factors that participants experienced in healthcare had an effect on each. Results 51 males (17.5%) and 36 females (12.4%) reported a perception of experiencing discrimination in the healthcare system a few times a year or more. Those who believed that race contributed to discrimination in the healthcare system were 2.45 times more likely to have an unpleasant prenatal visit (p = 0.018). Those who believed that age contributed to discrimination in the health system were 2.74 times more likely to have an unpleasant prenatal visit (p = 0.001). Participants who believed that physical appearance contributed to discrimination in the healthcare system were 2.83 times more likely to have an unpleasant prenatal visit (p = 0.01). Conclusion Black and Latinx young expecting couples are not exempt from discriminatory experiences during prenatal care. Recommendations for quality improvement in prenatal healthcare settings include implementation of standard evaluative measures specific to personal treatment and supportiveness of the medical team.
The Brain Health Book: Using the Power of Neuroscience to Improve Your Life

This easily readable book translates the latest findings in applied human neuroscience for a general audience. Each chapter utilizes a similar outline system such that the reader can become more co...
Comparison of Nanopore Sequencing Protocols and Real-Time Analysis for Phytopathogen Diagnostics

Next-generation sequencing technologies have aided molecular detection and diagnosis of plant pathogens. Short read sequencing technologies can be expensive, time consuming, and lack portability. T...
Replication of Microstructures Formed by Femtosecond Laser During Injection Moulding

Due to increased customer needs in automotive industry, the quality of plastic parts is an increasingly relevant issue. Besides processing parameters, it is also crucial how to design the mould. However, it is important to know how the processing parameters affect the mould surface mapping. During injection moulding in the tool cavity, the velocity of the layers next to the wall will be lower than that of those flowing in the middle of the channel, due to friction. In the case of plastics, due to the pseudoplastic behaviour, the velocity profile between the layers flowing parallel in the middle of the channel flattens and the macromolecules are oriented parallel to the direction of flow. The shear stress in the layers next to the wall also changes the clashes of the molecules and forming a complex shell-core structure. Therefore the shell-core structure and the flow of the melt front is influenced by the processing parameters and also the quality of the tool surface. Based on these, the cavity surface mapping is also depends not only the geometric conditions, but also on the technological parameters. During the research, two microstructured surface created, with different effects on melt flow formed by femtosecond laser. For examining the effect of technological variables on surface mapping an experimental design were used.
Sentinel Lymph Node Tumor Burden Using Digital Cell Count Estimation Predicts Outcomes in Melanoma

BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma often metastasizes in primis to sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Currently, there is no standardized method of characterizing micrometastatic tumor burden in SLN biopsies for melanoma. Different criteria have been developed to evaluate SLN biopsies, yet none consider the number of cells identified. AIM Here, we used software analysis to digitally quantify metastatic tumor burden within SLNs and correlated these data with clinicopathologic and prognostic information. METHODS We identified 246 cases of SLN biopsies, including 63 positive (26%) and 183 (74%) negative for metastatic melanoma. Digital cell counting was performed within the greatest metastatic focus and the entire metastatic tumor burden within the same SLN. RESULTS Increasing cell count in the largest metastatic deposit correlated with the previously described Rotterdam (Spearman's r = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.94), Starz (Spearman's r = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.87), and Dewar criteria (p < 0.01), validating our method of using cell count to define SLN tumor burden. Additionally, increasing cell count was associated with decreased metastasis free survival (HR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.31). CONCLUSION These data support the use of computerized cell count analysis for prognostication of outcomes in patients undergoing SLN biopsy.
Trends in Injection Drug Use and the HIV Epidemic in Southern China

The history of drug abuse in China can be traced back several centuries. China, along with Southeast Asia, has suffered through a long epidemic of opium addiction. By the early nineteenth century, smoking opium was commonplace within the region. Besides recreational and social use, many individuals used opium for medicinal relief of illness or physical and mental stress (Suwanwela and Poshyachinda, 1986). By the 1900s, the northern mountainous regions of Laos had begun opium poppy cultivation (Poshyachinda, 1993). Opium production spread throughout Southeast Asia, creating the Golden Triangle of opium production, including parts of Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, China and India. The high availability of opium in this area likely led to an increase of drug users (McCoy et al., 2001).
Development of a New Adult Sickle Cell Disease Center Within an Academic Cancer Center: Impact on Hospital Utilization Patterns and Care Quality

A national shortage of specialized centers with expertise in the management of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a concerning public health disparity. Yet, there is an abundance of cancer centers whose operational infrastructure is not only suited to the treatment of the oncology patient, but also can provide medical and procedural care essential to the management of the patient with SCD. Our adult SCD center was formally embedded within an academic hospital-based cancer center in 2009. An evaluation of the impact of this new center has been performed. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all SCD encounters occurring 5 years pre- and post-SCD center establishment. Demographic, clinical, as well as hospital utilization and care quality data were compared. The SCD population grew from 22 to 165 patients. Following establishment of the SCD center, patients experienced greater average annual outpatient preventative visits for chronic disease management (1 vs. 4.1) and fewer average hospitalizations yearly (2.4 vs. 1). There was a decrease in hospitalization rates for management of acute pain (50 vs. 23 %), average hospitalization length of stay (12 vs. 6 days), and the proportion of hospital discharges resulting in readmission within 30 days (60 vs. 40 %). Hydroxyurea use among eligible patients increased from 30 to 90 %. Findings suggest that embedding adult SCD centers within existing cancer centers can positively impact patterns of health care utilization and improve the quality of care.
Kinship and Cooperation

Chagnon’s analysis of a well-known axe fight in the Yanomamo village of Mishimishibowei-teri (Chagnon and Bugos 1979) is among the earliest empirical tests of kin selection theory for explaining cooperation in humans. Kin selection theory describes how cooperation can be organized around genetic kinship and is a fundamental tool for understanding cooperation within family groups. Previous analysis on groups of cooperative Lamaleran whale hunters suggests that the role of genetic kinship as a principle for organizing cooperative human groups could be less important in certain cases than previously thought (Alvard Human Nature 14:129–163, 2003b). Evidence that supports a strong role for genetic kinship—groups are found to be more related than expected by chance—may be spurious because of the correlation between social structure and genetic kinship. Reanalysis of Chagnon’s data using matrix regression techniques, however, confirms that genetic kinship was the primary organizing principle in the axe fight; affinal relations were also important, whereas lineage identity explained nothing.
Energy Saving Melting and Revert Reduction Technology (E-SMARRT): Melting Efficiency Improvement

Steel foundries melt recycled scrap in electric furnaces and typically consume 35-100% excess energy from the theoretical energy requirement required to pour metal castings. This excess melting energy is multiplied by yield losses during casting and finishing operations resulting in the embodied energy in a cast product typically being three to six times the theoretical energy requirement. The purpose of this research project was to study steel foundry melting operations to understand energy use and requirements for casting operations, define variations in energy consumption, determine technologies and practices that are successful in reducing melting energy and develop new melting techniques and tools to improve the energy efficiency of melting in steel foundry operations.
Design of Acoustic Metamaterials for Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging

We report the numerical design and preliminary experiment of 2-D acoustic metamaterials composed of a planar network of subwavelength Helmholtz resonators. The considerably smaller size of the Helmholtz resonator to the corresponding resonant wavelength, allows a compact and light weight design for kilohertz frequency applications. Based on transmission line model to describe the acoustic wave propagation inside such ultrasonic metamaterials, we derived the acoustic parameters such as effective density and compressibility. Extremely large or even negative value of effective density and compressibility can be designed in this acoustic metamaterial. Our simulation demonstrates the focusing and imaging of sound sources through different lenses made of this novel acoustic metamaterial, which may have great potential application in ultrasound imaging. The influences of frequency and source position on the property of the focused image are also investigated.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The organizational bases of ethical work climates in lodging operations as perceived by general managers

The focus of this research concentrated on ascertaining the presence of ethical climate types and the level of analysis from which ethical decisions were based as perceived by lodging managers. In agreement with Victor and Cullen (1987, 1988), ethical work climates are multidimensional and multi-determined. The results of this study indicated that: (a) benevolence is the predominate dimension of ethical climate present in the lodging organization as perceived by lodging managers, and (b) the local level of analysis (e.g. immediate workplace norms and values) is the predominate determinant of ethical decisions in the organization.
Subpilot Demonstration of the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process: High-Temperature CO2 and Sulfur Capture from Coal-Fired Power Plants

Increasing concerns over growing CO2 levels in the atmosphere have led to a worldwide demand for efficient, cost-effective, and clean carbon capture technologies. One of these technologies is the Carbonation−Calcination Reaction (CCR) process, which utilizes a calcium-based sorbent in a high-temperature reaction (carbonation) to capture the CO2 from the flue gas stream and releases a pure stream of CO2 in the subsequent calcination reaction that can be sequestered. A 120 KWth subpilot-scale combustion plant utilizing coal at 20 pph along with natural gas has been established at The Ohio State University to test the CCR process. Experimental studies on CO2 capture using calcium-based sorbents have been performed at this facility. Greater than 99% CO2 and SO2 capture has been achieved at the subpilot-scale facility on a once-through basis at a Ca:C mole ratio of 1.6. In addition, the sorbent reactivity is maintained over multiple cycles by the incorporation of a sorbent reactivation hydration step in the ca...
Test deployment of the PolarBear experiment

PolarBear is an experiment designed to measure the anisotropy of the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. It uses a new 3.5 m ground based telescope and a large format array of dual-polarization, antenna-coupled TES bolometers with a frequency-domain multiplexed SQUID readout. PolarBear is undergoing a test deployment in eastern California before being moved near the Alma site in Chile. The present measurement system and its evolution to a more powerful experiment will be described.
National imagery interpretation rating system and the probabilities of detection, recognition, and identification

A large number of electro-optical (EO) and IR sensors are used on military platforms such as ground vehicles, low-altitude air ve- hicles, high-altitude air vehicles, and satellite systems. Ground vehicle and low-altitude air vehicle (rotary and fixed-wing aircraft) sensors typi- cally use the probabilities of discrimination (detection, recognition, and identification) as design requirements and system performance indica- tors. High-altitude air vehicles and satellite sensors have traditionally used national imagery interpretation rating system (NIIRS) performance measures for guidance in design and measures of system performance. Data from the high-altitude air vehicle and satellite sensors are now be- ing made available to the warfighter for many applications including sur- veillance and targeting. National imagery offices are being merged and restructured to support the warfighters and connectivities to high-altitude air vehicle sensors more effectively. It is becoming more apparent that the gap between the NIIRS approach and the probabilities of discrimina- tion approach must be addressed. Users, engineers, and analysts must have a comparative basis for assessing the image quality between the two classes of sensors. The two approaches are described and com- pared. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)03407-7)
Electrokinetic Phenomena in Colloidal Clays

While the variations of the physical properties of colloidal suspensions of bentonite clays under various conditions of contamination have been the subject of extensive investigations, the role of the associated electrical phenomena in the impartation of these physical properties is virtually undefined. Successful techniques for the measurement of the electrical phenomena have been reported previously but they are applicable only to very dilute clay suspensions in which negligible electrical interference between clay particles exists. Apparatus and techniques applicable to concentrations of colloidal material normally used in bentonite oil-well drilling fluids were developed and are discussed. Measurement of electrokinetic phenomena in concentrated suspensions was effected by application of the principle of electroosmosis by suitable modification of existing apparatus. The distinguishing modification was replacement of the conventional, consolidated diaphragm with a diaphragm of colloidal material supported by thin membranes. The applicability of the apparatus and techniques is demonstrated by qualitative comparison with data of previous investigations wherein the comparable depression of the electro-kinetic potential by the addition of various contaminating ions is shown. In addition, the relation between the measured electrokinetic potential and the filtration rate is shown to be linear and independent of the valence or type of contaminant for a major portion of the investigated concentration range. This suggests that for ions which appreciably repress the electrokinetic potential the fluid-loss may be used as a means of approximating the changes of the electrokinetic potential.
High-flux microfiltration filters based on electrospun polyvinylalcohol nanofibrous membranes

Abstract A novel class of high-flux microfiltration filters consisting of an electrospun nanofibrous membrane and a conventional non-woven microfibrous support is being presented. The nanofibrous non-woven layer was fabricated by electrospinning of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) directly onto the microfibrous support and then followed by chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) in acetone. By altering the processing parameters, such as the applied voltage and the distance between the spinneret and the collector, as well as the concentration of PVA solution, electrospun PVA membranes with an average fiber diameter of 100 ± 19 nm were obtained. Characterizations revealed that the mean pore size of the electrospun PVA membranes ranged from 0.30 μm to 0.21 μm with the electrospun PVA membrane thickness varying from 10 m to 100 μm. Due to the high porosity, microfiltration filters based on these electrospun membranes showed 3–7 times higher pure water flux than the Millipore GSWP 0.22 μm membrane. The nanofibrous PVA membranes with an average thickness of 20 μm could successfully reject more than 98% of the polycarboxylate microsphere particles with a diameter of 0.209 ± 0.011 μm, and still maintain 1.5–6 times higher permeate flux than that of the Millipore GSWP 0.22 μm membrane.
Simulated jury decisions: The influence of jury-defendant attitude similarity-dissimilarity

Participants were exposed to a standard videotape account of a crime of negligent automobile homicide. With the criminal evidence held constant, the similarity of the defendant’s attitude to those of simulated jury members was varied. Participants exposed to a defendant with attitudes dissimilar to their own rated the defendant as more guilty, sentenced him to a greater number of years of imprisonment, recommended lengthier terms of imprisonment prior to parole eligibility, and evaluated him less positively on measures of attraction and other evaluative dimensions, than did participants exposed to a defendant with attitudes similar to their own. The results are discussed with respect to evaluative response processes and judicial impartiality.
EDIBLE OILS: ARE THEY REALLY THAT DIFFERENT?

ABSTRACT Congress passed the Edible Oils Regulatory Reform Act (EORRA) requiring regulatory agencies to differentiate between edible oils and petroleum oils when developing regulations because of the perception that edible oils are less toxic and less persistent. Recent EPA responses to vegetable oil spills on inland waters have highlighted some similarities and distinctions between edible oil spills and the more common petroleum oil spills. This paper looks at this issue broadly and focuses on the underlying premise of the EORRA that edible oils are less harmful and therefore should be regulated less rigorously than other classifications of oil. The paper discusses observations made during spill cleanup operations and examines the practical matter of cleaning up edible oil spills. The paper will also make recommendations for additional research that would benefit the response community.
On exact blockers and anti-blockers, Δ-conjecture, and related problems

Let us consider two binary systems of inequalities (i) Cx>=e and (ii) [email protected]?e, where [email protected]?{0,1}^m^x^n is an mxn(0,1)-matrix, [email protected]?{0,1}^n, and e is the vector of m ones. The set of all support-minimal (respectively, support-maximal) solutions x to (i) (respectively, to (ii)) is called the blocker (respectively, anti-blocker). A blocker B (respectively, anti-blocker A) is called exact if Cx=e for every [email protected]?B (respectively, [email protected]?A). Exact blockers can be completely characterized. There is a one-to-one correspondence between them and P"4-free graphs (along with a well-known one-to-one correspondence between the latter and the so-called read-once Boolean functions). However, the class of exact anti-blockers is wider and more sophisticated. We demonstrate that it is closely related to the so-called CIS graphs, more general @?-CIS d-graphs, and @D-conjecture.
Cancer and the potential place for growth hormone receptor antagonist therapy.

Summary Pegvisomant is a recombinant protein, structurally similar to natural human growth hormone (GH), which is capable of binding to the GH receptor as a competitive antagonist. As well as being evaluated for the treatment of acromegaly, pegvisomant is being investigated as a possible antineoplastic agent, initially in mice. So far, in vitro efficacy against meningioma and in vivo efficacy against colon and breast cancer cell lines have been examined.
Tag-questions and tag-imperatives in English

Recent work on elliptical forms of the English imperative has drawn quite heavily upon the apparent parallel between tag formation in imperatives and tag formation in interrogatives. Thus, it has been argued that the auxiliary in imperatives must be will because in all interrogative tag formations the auxiliary element in the appended tag is the same as the one occurring in the initial segment (Klima, 1964: 254; Postal, 1966; Katz & Postal, 1964). The invited comparison is between tag-interrogatives like (1) John did it, didn't he? (2) They can do it, can't they? (3) He can't do that to us, can he? (4) You will try harder, won't you? and putative imperatives like (5) Do it now, will you! (6) Bring me a slab, won't you! (7) Bring me a slab, will you! (8) You will try harder, won't you! Consideration of such examples makes it fairly evident that, in the cases of the elliptical constructions (5)–(7) aux Will has been deleted from the initial segment and hence occurred in the deep structures serving as the sources for these constructions. Moreover, such parallels provide good motivation for the conjecture that ALL imperatives eventually derive from underlying sources whose phrasemarkers contain the element will (Postal, 1966: 162; Katz & Postal, 1964: 75). It is my purpose here to attempt an analysis of the putative parallel between tag-imperatives and tag-questions in order to determine the extent to which it supports such conjectures about the specific nature of structures underlying English imperatives.
Testicular atrophy in Columbian black-tailed deer in California.

During an 18-year period, 4.1% (34/831) of male deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) killed on a field station during the autumn hunting season had velvet-covered, often misshapen antlers, and at least two deer had testicular atrophy (gonads from most deer were not available for examination). Testes from six similarly affected deer and several normal deer were compared histologically. Lesions ranged from hypocellularity of the semeniferous tubules and relative hyperplasia or degeneration of interstitial cells to complete connective tissue replacement of the testicular parenchyma. Chronic vascular changes were present in several testes. The etiology and pathogenesis of the lesions were not determined.
Tertiary structure in E. coli tRNAArg and tRNAVal

Abstract 300 MHz proton NMR has been used to demonstrate that both Escherichia coli tRNA A rg and tRNA V al 1 have a tertiary structure base pair between 4-thiouridine (s 4 U) at position 8 and A at position 14. Formation of this s 4 U 8 -A 14 base pair leads to a very low field (14.8 ppm) resonance in the spectra of both molecules. When s 4 U is converted to U the 14.8 resonance is replaced by a new resonance which appears at 14.3 ppm. The presence of the tertiary structure s 4 U 8 -A 14 base pair greatly constrains the folding of these tRNAs in solution.
Synthetic bone scaffolds and fracture repair

Synthetic scaffolding has been used in the treatment of bone defects and fractures for over 100 years. They remain a critical tool in the treatment of large-volume bone defects, and their role as potential substitues for human bone graft continues to expand. Various materials are used commercially to produce osteoconductive scaffolds including ceramics (both bioactive and bioinert) and select polymers, all of which offer distinct advantages and dissadvantages. While currently used principally as osteoconductive conduits for growth, the role of bone-graft substitues in fracture treatment is likely to change, as biomaterial research moves towards utilizing current and future scaffold materials as delivery systems for biologic fracture treatments.
Melanoma. Tumor angiogenesis and human neoplasia.

Transparent hamster-cheek-pouch chambers were used to document angiogenesis induced by implants of human malignant melanoma. Capillary proliferation was observed with direct implantation of melanoma fragments and with tumor implants placed on microporous membrane Filters. The pattern of capillary neovascularization was recorded and correlated with clinical and histopatho-logic parameters.
Clinically Important Parameters that Influence Sensor Utility: Considerations on How Not to Make a Sensor with No (or Limited) Clinical Application

Electrochemical sensors play an important role in clinical medicine with both amperometric and potentiometric devices used daily to guide clinical decisions. This tutorial discusses clinical considerations in designing and interpreting the results of such devices for both the diagnosis and management of diseases and relates these to the analytical characteristics of the sensor. A discussion of the epidemiological characteristics of diseases and how this impacts sensor utility is discussed.
New Madrid Seismic Zone: A Test Case for Naturally Induced Seismicity: ABSTRACT

Induced seismicity caused by man-made events, such as the filling of reservoirs has been well documented. In contrast, naturally induced seismicity has received little attention. It has been shown that a fluctuation of as little as several bars can trigger reservoir induced earthquakes. Naturally occurring phemonena generate similar fluctuations and could trigger earthquakes where the faults in ambient stress field are suitably oriented and close to failure. The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) presents an ideal test case for the study of naturally induced seismicity. The ideal data set for a study of triggering effects must contain a statistically significant number of events, a constant accumulated strain, and a limited focal region. New Madrid earthquakes are well documented from 1974 to the present, down to a magnitude ~1.8. They lie in a distinct fault pattern and occur as a reaction to the regional stress regime. A statistical correlation was made between the earthquakes and a variety of different types of loads, to see if New Madrid seismicity could be triggered by natural fluctuations. The types of "triggers" investigated ranged from solid earth tides to variations in barometric pressure, rainfall, and stages of the Mississippi River. This analysis becomes complex because each factor investigated creates individual stresses, as well as having imbedded in it a reaction to other factors. For example, changes in barometric pressure influence the observed solid earth tides, as well as leading to rainfall, which in turn cause changes in the river stages. Most likely it is a combination of effects, reinforcing each other, that act as possible trigger sources. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1458------------
A NAIVE HISTORY OF INDIVIDUAL INCOMES IN WISCONSIN, 1947–1959

The paper develops a descriptive history of the changing level and sources of income of the male population of Wisconsin from 1947 to 1959, as a preliminary step in building a model of income determination. The history is based on data from a one percent sample of the taxpaying population of Wisconsin from 1947 to 1959. Analysis of income sources received by male birth cohorts is followed by summary data on individual income variation. Changes in earnings of birth cohorts appear to be determined by changes in labor force participation, general productivity increases, and acquisition of skills. Education, as reflected in occupational status, appears to affect the initial level and lifetime profile of earnings; however, education has played a changing role in the dynamics of earnings. Movements in non-earned income appear to be determined by rising real yields on capital, accumulation of wealth, and possibly by asset conversion and selective migration and mortality favoring wealth holders. Cohort asset accumulation for the period seems to have been determined by the growth rate of earnings, life cycle contingencies, and the pattern of asset prices and yields during the period. Analysis of individuals’ incomes over the period reveals great heterogeneity of experience of individuals within birth cohorts and within occupations. This suggests that study of micro units is necessary to obtain behavioral information obscured in aggregate cohort data.
Dipole Anomaly in the Winter Arctic Atmosphere and Its Association with Sea Ice Motion

Abstract This paper identified an atmospheric circulation anomaly–dipole structure anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and its relationship with winter sea ice motion, based on the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP) dataset (1979–98) and datasets from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the period 1960–2002. The dipole anomaly corresponds to the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean sea level pressure (SLP) north of 70°N during the winter season (October–March) and accounts for 13% of the variance. One of its two anomalous centers is stably occupied between the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea; the other is situated from the Canadian Archipelago through Greenland extending southeastward to the Nordic seas. The dipole anomaly differs from one described in other papers that can be attributed to an eastward shift of the center of action of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The finding shows that the dipole anomaly also differs from...
Search for Primary Cosmic Gamma Rays with the Satellite Explorer XI

A search was made for gamma raulation produced in cosmic radiation interactions wlth interstellar matter. lncident gamma radiation above about 50 Mev was converted into electron-posltron pairs in a sandwich scintillator (alternate slabs of Csl and Nal) about one radiation length in thickness. Upper- limit and arrival-direction data are presented in graphical and tabular forms, respectively. It is suggested that the likely source of high-energy cosmic gamma rays is pi o-producing interactions between ordinary charged cosmic rays and gas. (L.N.N.)
GSK3: a multifaceted kinase in Wnt signaling

GSK3 is one of the few signaling mediators that play central roles in a diverse range of signaling pathways, including those activated by Wnts, hedgehog, growth factors, cytokines, and G protein-coupled ligands. Although the inhibition of GSK3-mediated beta-catenin phosphorylation is known to be the key event in Wnt-beta-catenin signaling, the mechanisms that underlie this event remain incompletely understood. The recent demonstration of GSK3 involvement in Wnt receptor phosphorylation illustrates the multifaceted roles that GSK3 plays in Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. In this review, we will summarize these recent results and offer explanations, hypotheses, and models to reconcile some of these observations.
Pharmacologic management of triglycerides.

Currently available cholesterol-lowering pharmacologic agents have been studied for their effect on reducting triglyceride levels. The fibrates increase lipoprotein lipase activity, thereby decreasing the size of triglyceride-rich particles. High doses of niacin can produce decreases in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, triglyceride-rich particles, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by inhibiting hepatic lipoprotein synthesis. By increasing LDL-receptor activity, the statins increase the removal rate of triglyceride-rich particles. Each class of agents produces various degrees of triglyceride lowering, depending on the existing baseline level and other factors. Patients with elevated LDL who are also hypertriglyceridemic should receive statins as first-line therapy. Niacin may be used as an alternative first-line agent in patients with low LDL elevations. Combination therapy using other agents may be indicated depending on the patient's levels of triglycerides and LDL.
Breaking physical dormancy in seeds – focussing on the lens

○The influence of seasonal factors on the germination of impermeable seeds of Fabaceae was studied. Seeds of 14 herbaceous species were buried for up to 2.5 yr and exposed to natural seasons. At regular intervals, seeds were exhumed and germination was tested in four different temperature regimes. Some species had a very low percentage germination regardless of season, others germinated predominantly in the autumn. Six species showed a marked seasonal cycle with high germination percentages in spring and very low percentages in other seasons. The results of the burial experiment were similar to the pattern of seedling emergence in field conditions. ○ High percentage germination in spring could be simulated in controlled conditions for Melilotus albus, Medicago lupulina, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense and T repens. Seeds of T. pratense had a high percentage germination after cold treatment, whereas seeds of the other four species were brought to germination by chilling for 8 wk followed by exposure to daily alternating temperatures (15/6°C or 20/10°C). Without previous chilling, these seeds did not respond to the alternating temperatures. ○At least for some legume species, a combination of temperature treatments may act as a signal for seeds and induce water uptake and germination. If the temperature requirements are not fulfilled, seeds remain impermeable and dormant until the next favourable season.
Three-dimensional invariants of moving targets

Geometric invariants which completely characterize the size and shape of three dimensional configurations of scattering centers on moving targets can be extracted from signals from ranging sensors such as radar. These invariants can potentially be used to fingerprint and track specific moving targets even when information about changes in the targets orientation between observations is unreliable and when no prior model exists for the target. This technology also creates new possibilities for more robust target recognition.
Portland General Electric Company Report on the Operating and Startup Experience with Control and Instrumentation and Electrical Systems at the Trojan Nuclear Plant

The Trojan Nuclear Plant is an 1178 MWe nuclear plant located on the Columbia River 40 miles northwest of Portland, Oregon. The Nuclear Stream Supply System vendor is Westinghouse with a General Electric turbine generator. The reactor is rated and licensed for 3423 MWt (1178 MWe) and the turbine generator is designed for 3570 MWt(1219 MWe). The startup phase testing of Trojan commenced on November 21, 1975, upon receipt of our NRC Operating License. The startup testing program was completed on May 22, 1976, following 100 hours of full-power operation, at which time a scheduled summer maintenance outage began. Some of the highlights and milestones of the startup testing program are described.
The Nutritional Value and Toxicity of Penicillium Isolates for Tribolium Confusum

Certain fungi were found to be valuable dietary supplements for stored-product beetles. Penicillium spp. were compared with brewer's yeast as nutritional supplements in wheat flour diets for Tribolium confusum. Only 3 fungal isolates of 20 tested added no nutritional value to autoclaved wheat flour ( P. purpurogenum, P. rubrum, and P. oxalicum.) P. chrysogenum and P. viridicatum allowed excellent larval growth, minimal development time and low mortality. More progeny were produced on P. chrysogenum diets than on control diets. Some other isolates were toxic or repellent. P. purpurogenum and P. rubrum were poor growth media, increased development time and caused high mortality (99% for one isolate of P. purpurogenum). Growth of these 2 species on wheat resulted in physical characteristics (hardened kernels, oily texture) which may have deterred insect feeding. Extracts revealed only small quantities of mycotoxins present in these fungal cultures.
Comparative Assessment of Large-Scale Proteomic Studies of Apoptotic Proteolysis

Two proteomic methods were recently introduced to globally map proteolytic cleavage events in biological systems, one that characterized proteolyzed proteins by differential gel migration (PROTOMAP) and the other by enzymatic tagging and enrichment of the nascent N-terminal peptides generated by proteolysis (Subtiligase). Both technologies were applied to apoptosis, and each uncovered hundreds of novel proteolytic events. An initial survey, however, revealed only minimal overlap in the two data sets. In this article, we perform an in-depth comparative analysis of the PROTOMAP and Subtiligase results that assimilates the complementary information acquired by each method. This analysis uncovered substantial agreement between the PROTOMAP and Subtiligase data sets, which in integrated form yield a highly enriched portrait of the proteome-wide impact of proteolysis in apoptosis. We discuss the respective strengths of each proteomic method and the potential for these technologies to expand the scope and sensitivity of large-scale studies of proteolysis in biological systems.
Depression in epilepsy. Significance and phenomenology.

• Depression is common in epileptics, but few studies of this relationship exist. We investigated the prevalence of depression in comparably disabled outpatients and its phenomenology in psychiatrically hospitalized inpatients. Fifty-five percent of 175 outpatient epileptics and 30% of 70 matched controls reported depression; 30% of epileptics vs 7% of controls reported prior suicide attempts. Epileptics were four times more likely to have been hospitalized for depression than nonepileptics. Twenty depressed epileptic inpatients were characterized by "endogenous" rather than "neurotic" features with more psychotic traits, paranoia, and underlying chronic dysthymia. Sixteen patients had complex partial seizures, and ten of 11 patients had a lateralized electroencephalographic focus lateralized to the left hemisphere. These results suggest a specific epileptic psychosyndrome due to limbic dysfunction.
Plasma instability at the initial stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract Hard and semihard processes lead to a copious production of partons at the initial stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the parton momentum distribution is strongly anisotropic the system can be unstable with respect to the specific plasma modes. The conditions of instability are found and the characteristic time of its development is estimated. Relevance of the phenomenon for heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC is briefly discussed.