cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by insulin.

Abstract In hypophysectomized - diabetic rats full restoration of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity required administration of both triiodothyronine and insulin. Giving triiodothyronine alone resulted in full restoration of reductase mRNA and immunoreactive protein but not of enzyme activity. Increasing the ratio of dithiothreitol to microsomal protein resulted in full HMG-CoA reductase activity. With 5mM glutathione, HMG-CoA reductase activity was 5 to 10 fold higher in non-diabetic animals. The data suggest that insulin acts by increasing the portion of HMG-CoA reductase present in its active free sulfhydryl form.
Measurements of someK-internal conversion coefficients near threshold

TheK-internal conversion coefficients have been measured by the XPG technique for a number of low energyγ-ray transitions whose energies do not exceed theK-binding energies by more than 4 keV. Using Si(Li) detectors in singles and coincidence arrangements, the following results were obtained: 63.1 keV El in169Tm(αK=1.02±0.15), 72.0 keV E1 in187Re (0.75±0.05), 57.8 keV M1 in162Ho (11.42±0.67), 56.6 keV M1 in164Ho (12.04±0.70), and 67.1 keV M1 in174Lu(10.25±0.58). The experimental results are compared with the theoretical calculations which include transition energies down to 1 keV above threshold.
Twisted Blood Vessels: Symptoms, Etiology and Biomechanical Mechanisms

Tortuous arteries and veins are commonly observed in humans and animals. While mild tortuosity is asymptomatic, severe tortuosity can lead to ischemic attack in distal organs. Clinical observations have linked tortuous arteries and veins with aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, genetic defects and diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms of their formation and development are poorly understood. This review summarizes the current clinical and biomechanical studies on the initiation, development and treatment of tortuous blood vessels. We submit a new hypothesis that mechanical instability and remodeling could be mechanisms for the initiation and development of these tortuous vessels.
Phospholipase C β4 is involved in modulating the visual response in mice

Expression of G protein-regulated phospholipase C (PLC) beta 4 in the retina, lateral geniculate nucleus, and superior colliculus implies that PLC beta 4 may play a role in the mammalian visual process. A mouse line that lacks PLC beta 4 was generated and the physiological significance of PLC beta 4 in murine visual function was investigated. Behavioral tests using a shuttle box demonstrated that the mice lacking PLC beta 4 were impaired in their visual processing abilities, whereas they showed no deficit in their auditory abilities. In addition, the PLC beta 4-null mice showed 4-fold reduction in the maximal amplitude of the rod a- and b-wave components of their electroretinograms relative to their littermate controls. However, recording from single rod photoreceptors did not reveal any significant differences between the PLC beta 4-null and wild-type littermates, nor were there any apparent differences in retinas examined with light microscopy. While the behavioral and electroretinographic results indicate that PLC beta 4 plays a significant role in mammalian visual signal processing, isolated rod recording shows little or no apparent deficit, suggesting that the effect of PLC beta 4 deficiency on the rod signaling pathway occurs at some stage after the initial phototransduction cascade and may require cell-cell interactions between rods and other retinal cells.
Bellmer's Argentine Doll: Alejandra Pizarnik and the Dis¬articulation of the Self

This essay argues that Alejandra Pizarnik (Buenos Aires, 1936-72), widely recognized as one of the most important figures of twentieth-century Spanish-American poetry, constructs a poetic self that bears a remarkable resemblance to the dolls of German surrealist sculptor and photographer Hans Bellmer. Both poet and artist portray the doll as a passive and melancholy figure, an object that is often dismembered and otherwise stripped of agency. I examine the distinct implications of such a figure for a male surrealist photographer and a female post-surrealist writer. By means of this comparison—admittedly complicated by vast differences in artistic medium and historical context—I hope to elucidate Pizarnik's construction of the poetic self, in particular her allusions to loss of selfhood through the tropes of doubling, deformation, and fragmentation. The essay concludes that while the doll/mannequin—or more broadly the representation of the immobilized, sometimes disarticulated female body—served for male surrealists like Bellmer as a site for the projection of desire, for Pizarnik it served as a site for the obsessive representation of damaged selfhood. This article is available in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol32/iss1/6 Bellmer’s Argentine Doll: Alejandra Pizarnik and the Disarticulation of the Self Melanie Nicholson Bard College an obsession a children’s tale a tearing —A. Pizarnik Alejandra Pizarnik (Buenos Aires, 1936–72), whose intensely personal lyric poetry and death by suicide have prompted associations with Sylvia Plath, is increasingly recognized as one of the major figures of twentieth-century Spanish-language poetry. Pizarnik’s obsessive treatment of death, self-knowledge, and the limits of language has been examined in an extensive body of criticism produced on both American continents. Her complicated relationship to surrealism, though amply documented, leaves room for further critical investigation. It is my contention that Pizarnik, in work ranging from her early dense lyrics to the expansive and sometimes obscene prose of her last years, constructs a poetic self that bears a remarkable resemblance to the constructed and photographed dolls of the German surrealist Hans Bellmer (1902–75). To track such resemblances is perhaps to set foot on a slippery slope: one must take into account vast differences in the modes of representation (sculpture/photography versus poetry), in the artists’ culture of origin, and in their respective biographical and historical contexts. Nevertheless, I believe that a comparative look at Pizarnik’s doll imagery and Bellmer’s poupee will deepen our understanding of Pizarnik’s poetic representation of the self, in particular her allusions to loss of selfhood through the tropes of doubling, deformation, and frag1 Nicholson: Bellmer's Argentine Doll: Alejandra Pizarnik and the Dis¬articula Published by New Prairie Press
Aqueous foam mitigation of confined blasts

Abstract High explosive detonations occurring in aqueous foam-filled vessels result in lower pressures than those in air-filled vessels. A simplified thermochemical analysis and supporting experiments were conducted to investigate the mitigation of quasistatic overpressure occurring in such systems. Reasonable agreement between a simple analysis and the experimental results is demonstrated. Over a range of explosive mass to vessel volume ratio the analysis and experiments suggest that the foam decreases the overpressure by a factor of 3–30. Curve-fits of the test results in terms of appropriate dimensionless parameters are also included.
Unexpected signals in a system subject to kinetic proofreading.

When multivalent ligands attach to IgEs bound to the receptors with high affinity for IgE on mast cells, the receptors aggregate, tyrosines on the receptors become phosphorylated, and a variety of cellular responses are stimulated. Prior studies, confirmed here, demonstrated that the efficiency with which later events are generated from earlier ones is inversely related to the dissociation rate of the aggregating ligand. This finding suggests that the cellular responses are constrained by a “kinetic proofreading” regimen. We have now observed an apparent exception to this rule. Doses of the rapidly or slowly dissociating ligands that generated equivalent levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors comparably stimulated a putatively distal event: transcription of the gene for monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Possible explanations of this apparent anomaly were explored.
Quantitative Registration and Distribution Analysis of Multicolor 3D Super-Resolution Images of Proteins Reveals Nanoscale Spatial Organization

The subcellular localization of biomolecules within cells is of crucial importance to signaling and cell cycle regulation. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy enables determination of molecular locations with 20-40 nm precision, allowing for observation of previously invisible spatial organization. However, to conclusively determine whether biomolecules labeled with different colors colocalize at this length scale, the color channels must be overlaid with an accuracy ≤ 10 nm. Furthermore, to extract quantitative information about biomolecular spatial organization from single-molecule localizations, unbiased analytical methods that account for the discrete and stochastic nature of localization-based imaging methods are essential.Here, we demonstrate a method to obtain quantitatively overlaid multicolor three-dimensional super-resolution images. We apply these capabilities to study the unknown spatial organization of proteins at the ∼250 nm diameter cell poles of the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. We describe algorithms that analyze 3D single-molecule localization data within this small space by determining overlap and morphological similarity between protein spatial distributions. We can thus map out the three dimensional architecture of proteins at the cell pole and determine the average distances between protein clusters with nm precision.
Carbohydrate Tolerance and Insulin Receptor Binding in Children with Hypopituitarism: Responses after Acute and Chronic Human Growth Hormone Administration*

We investigated carbohydrate tolerance in response to a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an iv insulin tolerance test (IVITT) in a group of GH-deficient children before and after short term (acute) and prolonged (chronic) human GH (hGH) administration. Erythrocyte and monocyte insulin receptor binding were assessed during each treatment phase. In the untreated state, OGTT responses demonstrated basal hypoinsulinemia and diminished insulin secretion compared to controls. Glucose responses, however, were only slightly greater than the controls. IVITT suggested enhanced insulin sensitivity. However, we were unable to demonstrate significant differences in either erythrocyte or monocyte insulin receptor binding to account for these findings. After chronic hGH administration, insulin secretion increased following oral glucose ingestion, but glucose tolerance was impaired, while the sensitivity to exogenous insulin was unchanged. Alterations in insulin binding did not appear to be associated with...
A multiple pass application of the Boltzmann transport equation for calculating ion implantation profiles at low energies

Abstract The Boltzmann transport equation is used to predict ion implantation profiles at low implantation energies, with particular attention to the effects of ions which are backscattered. In previous work the transport equation was applied stepwise into the target and all backscattered ions were considered stopped at the point where they were scattered. This gives good results when the scattering is forward-peaked. However, when the incident ion is much lighter than the target atoms, a large fraction of the incident ions are backscattered. For example, when boron is implanted into silicon at 15 keV, 60% of the ions are backscattered. To obtain greater accuracy under these conditions, the momentum distribution of the backscattered ions is stored after each step and their motion is followed by making a second pass backward through the implanted layer. Further passes back and forth can be used until all the ions have stopped. The extra ion motion considered will increase the calculated recoil generation. The effects are large at interfaces between light and heavy target layers, such as silicon nitride on gallium arsenide, and may lead to important mixing effects in certain sputtering situations.
Capture-Gamma Determination of V 51 Levels

A fast-coincidence scintillation spectrometer has been developed for thermal-neutron capture-gamma studies at the Livermore 1-Mw pool-type reactor. The added-neutron binding energy in ${\mathrm{V}}^{51}$ was measured as 11.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mev. Cascade radiations for ${\mathrm{V}}^{51*}$ were observed and a decay scheme is established which verifies a previously proposed ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) level scheme. Spin assignments for most of the ${\mathrm{V}}^{51}(p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ reported levels below 4.0 Mev are proposed and the level order for the ${(1{f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{3}$ proton configuration levels is established as $\frac{7}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ (ground state), $\frac{5}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$, $\frac{3}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$, $\frac{11}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$, $\frac{9}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and $\frac{15}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ spin with excitation energies of 0.32, 0.93, 1.61, 1.81, and 2.70 Mev, respectively. Of the various nuclear force assumptions that can be made, the short-range force approximation ($\ensuremath{\delta}$-type interaction) and weak surface-coupling effects for ${\mathrm{V}}^{51*}$ configuration states appear to give the best match between theory and experiment. A previous calculation using experimentally measured splittings of the ${j}^{2}$ configuration together with tabulated coefficients of fractional parentage gives excellent agreement with experiment. Evidence is also found for ${(1{{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}}^{2})}_{0}2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$- and ${(1{{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}}^{2})}_{0}1{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$-proton single-particle levels at 2.41 and 2.55 Mev, respectively, as well as for additional low-spin states between 2.70 and 3.38 Mev which possibly represent even states resulting from excitation of a lower shell proton to give a ${(1{{f}_{\frac{7}{2}}}^{4})}_{0}$ configuration plus a proton hole in the vacated shell. Experimental results suggest that the ${\mathrm{V}}^{51*}$ 20-28 core is a more rigid structure than the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43*}$ 20-20 core.
Comparisons of positive assortative mating and sexual selection models.

Abstract A series of theoretical models of positive assortative mating and sexual selection are contrasted. It is established that for a dominant trait partial positive assortative mating generally implies some fixation, whereas sexual selection exhibits a unique globally stable polymorphism exhibiting Hardy-Weinberg proportions. The effects of monogamy against polygamy do not qualitatively alter the equilibrium outcomes, although the rate of evolutionary change is generally slowed with monogamy vis-a-vis polygamy. For sexual selection the influence of timing of random mating as against preferential mating causes no change in the equilibrium states, although the rates of convergence can be slowed if sexual selection occurs late in the breeding season. Under assortative mating the timing can alter the equilibrium outcomes. The amount of heterozygosity is always deficient in cases of assortative mating, but always exhibits Hardy-Weinberg ratios under a sexual selection mechanism. This suggests that observations consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states cannot preclude ipso facto certain forms of selection forces, including mating patterns and some natural selection structures.
Double transport barrier plasmas in Alcator C-Mod

Double transport barrier plasmas comprised of an edge enhanced D? (EDA) H-mode pedestal and an internal transport barrier (ITB) have been observed in Alcator C-Mod. The ITB can be routinely produced in ICRF heated plasmas by locating the wave resonance off-axis near |r/a|~0.5, provided the target plasma average density is above ~1.4?1020?m-3, and can develop spontaneously in some Ohmic H-mode discharges. The formation of the barrier appears in conjunction with a decrease or reversal in the central (impurity) toroidal rotation velocity. The ITB foot is located near r/a~0.5, regardless of how the barrier was produced. The ITBs can persist for ~15 energy confinement times (?E), but exhibit a continuous increase of the central electron density, up to values near 1?1021?m-3 (in the absence of an internal particle source), followed by collapse of the barrier. Application of additional on-axis ICRF heating arrests the density and impurity peaking, which occurs along with an increase (co-current) in the core rotation velocity. Quasi-steady state double barrier plasmas have been maintained for 10?E or longer, with a bootstrap fraction of 0.13 near the ITB foot.
Readiness to change alcohol use after trauma.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol is the leading risk factor for severe injury. This study examined whether patients hospitalized after an alcohol-related injury are motivated to change alcohol use, thus making them potential candidates for brief motivational interventions. METHODS: Fifty patients hospitalized in a Level I trauma center, admitted with a positive blood alcohol concentration, were assessed for motivation to change alcohol-related behavior using validated questionnaires. Information was gathered regarding level of alcohol use, consequences of use, and motivation to change drinking habits. Demographic variables, alcohol use measures, perception of alcohol's contribution to the current injury, and negative consequences of use were evaluated by linear regression to predict readiness to change drinking. RESULTS: Mean blood alcohol concentration was 197 mg/dL at admission. Patients reported a pattern of binge drinking, with 86% reporting at least one binge-drinking episode in the past month, and a mean of 3.4 days of binge drinking per month. Most patients (84%) reported considering making a change (cutting down or quitting) in their drinking. Finally, patients reported experiencing an average of 22.5 negative lifetime consequences to their drinking. Having more negative consequences was found to significantly predict readiness to change drinking (p
Antibodies to food antigens: Translational research in psychiatric disorders

Abstract The goal of this research was to evaluate a role for gastrointestinal (GI) barrier dysfunction in moderating immune-neuropathic effects of foods such as milk caseins and wheat glutens in psychiatric disorders. We assessed GI inflammation in clinical samples and a mouse model of chronic inflammation and found that measures of GI inflammation were associated with food antigen immunoreactivity and the development of anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies. Furthermore, perinatal exposure to GI inflammation and food antigens impacted the expression of complement factors that are involved in neurodevelopmental synaptic pruning.
A Critical Review of Foreign Language Writing Research on Pedagogical Approaches

This article reviews 32 studies regarding writing in a foreign language (not English) in the United States. It focuses on research that investigates relationships between various pedagogical practices (e.g., explicit grammar instruction) or task types assigned (e.g., descriptive vs. narrative writing) and the texts produced by foreign language (FL) writers. Topics addressed include explicit grammar instruction, computer use, task type, strategy training, process instruction, and feedback. This article points to the lack of a unified sense of the purpose of FL writing within the field of FL and also points to design flaws in much of the existing research. Implications for pedagogy and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Time evolution of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems

We provide time-evolution operators, gauge transformations and a perturbative treatment for non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems, which are explicitly time dependent. We determine various new equivalence pairs for Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which are therefore pseudo-Hermitian and in addition in some cases also invariant under PT-symmetry. In particular, for the harmonic oscillator perturbed by a cubic non-Hermitian term, we evaluate explicitly various transition amplitudes, for the situation when these systems are exposed to a monochromatic linearly polarized electric field.
Crustal remanence and the magnetic moment of Mercury

Abstract The magnetic dipole moment of Mercury can be explained on the basis of thermoremanent magnetization acquired by an outer shell in an ancient Mercurian field produced by an internal dipole source such as a core dynamo which is now inactive. Such a shell will give rise to a dipole moment provided that there are differences of permeability between the shell and the interior, or the shell and free space. By assuming that the magnetic properties of the surface rocks of Mercury are similar to those of the Moon it is shown that ancient fields of the order of 1 gauss and free iron concentrations of the order of a few percent are sufficient to produce the present dipole moment.
An Effective Method of Isolating Portions of a Radiator in Near-Field or Far-Field Antenna Measurements [Measurements Corner]

An iterative post-measurement data-processing procedure is proposed that effectively separates the field radiated by a selected part of a radiating system from the total radiated field. No additional measurement is required, and the processing involves only the usual expansion and summation procedures normally used in near-field data processing. The accuracy of the result far exceeds that of the conventional filtering technique. Applications include elimination of the effects of certain types of fixtures, and enhancement of certain chamber artifact-removal techniques. The example of separating the feed pattern from a simulated measurement of a reflector antenna's radiation field is presented in both a spherical near-field scenario and a single-cut far-field scenario.
Autonomous buoy platform for low-cost visual maritime surveillance: design and initial deployment

We report on the design and evaluation of the initial results of operation of a prototype of an advanced system for maritime security. The system is autonomous and is designed to remain in the ocean for extended periods up to two months. It is based on the Bottom Stationing Ocean Profiler (BSOP), an un-tethered, autonomous platform that stations itself on the sea floor and ascends to the surface at specific time intervals or, potentially, when triggered by certain events such as recognizable acoustic signals, collected and analyzed on board. The surface operations of the system include optical data acquisition, image data analysis, communication with the ground station, and retrieval based functionality. The system is designed to take video and imagery of the surrounding ocean surface and analyze it for the presence of ships, thus, potentially enabling automatic detection and tracking of marine vehicles as they transit in the vicinity of the platform. The system transmits the data to the ground control via bi-directional RF satellite link and can have its mission parameters reprogrammed during the deployment. The described unit is low cost, easy to deploy and recover, and does not reveal itself to the potential targets. The paper describes the system hardware, architecture, algorithms for visual ship detection and tracking.
Design And Testing Of The Lightlock Fiber Optic Splice

A one-piece molded mechanical splice was developed for easy use in field installations with minimal power loss. The splice is convenient for installing "pigtailed" transmitters, receivers, couplers, splitters and connectors to local area network cable plants. This paper explains the splice design concept and selection of materials for the part, development of a fiber cleaving tool and the index matching material. Dynamic optical test results for the splice using 62/125gm fiber with 900gm buffer are reported for the temperature range -40 to 70°C at 850nm, as well as normal losses at 25°C. Tensile strength measurements for the splice assembly are also given.
Identification of Developmentally Appropriate Screening Items for Disruptive Behavior Problems in Preschoolers

Screening preschool-aged children for disruptive behavior disorders is a key step in early intervention. The study goal was to identify screening items with excellent measurement properties at sub-clinical to clinical levels of disruptive behavior problems within the developmental context of preschool-aged children. Parents/caregivers of preschool-aged children (N = 900) were recruited from four pediatric primary care settings. Participants (mean age = 31, SD = 8) were predominantly female (87 %), either white (55 %) or African-American (42 %), and biological parents (88 %) of the target children. In this cross-sectional survey, participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and two parent-report behavioral rating scales: the PSC-17 and the BPI. Item response theory analyses provided item parameter estimates and information functions for 18 externalizing subscale items, revealing their quality of measurement along the continuum of disruptive behaviors in preschool-aged children. Of 18 investigated items, 5 items measured only low levels of disruptive behaviors among preschool-aged children. The remaining 13 items measured sub-clinical to clinical levels of disruptive behavior problems (i.e., >1.5 SD); however, 5 of these items offered less information, suggesting unreliable measurement. The remaining 8 items had high discrimination and difficulty parameters, offering considerable measurement information at sub-clinical to clinical levels of disruptive behavior problems. Behaviors measured by the 8 selected parent-report items were consistent with those identified in recent efforts to distinguish developmentally typical misbehaviors from clinically concerning behaviors among preschool-aged children. These items may have clinical utility in screening young children for disruptive behavior disorders.
The challenges and opportunities for the development of a T-cell epitope-based herpes simplex vaccine.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) infections have been prevalent since the ancient Greek times. To this day, they still affect a staggering number of over a billion individuals worldwide. HSV-1 infections are predominant than HSV-2 infections and cause potentially blinding ocular herpes, oro-facial herpes and encephalitis. HSV-2 infections cause painful genital herpes, encephalitis, and death in newborns. While prophylactic and therapeutic HSV vaccines remain urgently needed for centuries, their development has been difficult. During the most recent National Institute of Health (NIH) workshop titled “ Next Generation Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines: The Challenges and Opportunities” , basic researchers, funding agencies, and pharmaceutical representatives gathered: ( i ) to assess the status of herpes vaccine research; and ( ii ) to identify the gaps and propose alternative approaches in developing a safe and efficient herpes vaccine. One “common denominator” among previously failed clinical herpes vaccine trials is that they either used a whole virus or a whole viral protein, which contain both “pathogenic symptomatic” and “protective asymptomatic” antigens and epitopes. In this report, we continue to advocate developing “asymptomatic” epitope-based sub-unit vaccine strategies that selectively incorporate “protective asymptomatic” epitopes which: ( i ) are exclusively recognized by effector memory CD4 + and CD8 + T cells (T EM cells) from “naturally” protected seropositive asymptomatic individuals; and ( ii ) protect human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic animal models of ocular and genital herpes. We review the role of animal models in herpes vaccine development and discuss their current status, challenges, and prospects.
High-spatial resolution measurements of transverse stress in a fiber Bragg grating using four-state analysis, low-coherence interferometry, and layer-peeling

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been shown to be a good means of nondestructive monitoring of the stress and/or strain of the materials in which they are embedded. Many FBG transverse stress/strain measurement systems can resolve only a single stress and/or strain value for the entire length of the FBG and often require the use of polarization-maintaining fiber. We demonstrate a new method for measuring the two components of transverse stress with high spatial resolution in a distributed FBG sensor. A directional compressive load is applied by placing weights on top of the FBG, creating a transverse stress in the core of the FBG. Small metallic strips are placed under the FBG to create a localized stress in the FBG. The relative index of refraction as a function of position in the FBG is determined with a low-coherence Michelson interferometer and a layer-peeling algorithm. With this method we are able to measure changes in the refractive index with resolution better than 5x10 -6 , limited by the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement system, with a spatial resolution of 16 μm. To determine transverse stress, we repeat the measurement for four different polarization states. A four-state analysis is then used to determine the birefringence as a function of position in the grating. This measurement assumes that the applied transverse load is much larger than any other birefringence in the grating, so that the principal axes do not change with position in the grating. This measurement offers the advantage that it can be implemented with a simple layer-peeling algorithm, and it does not require the use of expensive polarization maintaining fiber. Measurements of the externally induced birefringence agree well with values predicted by the stress-optic properties and the geometry of the fiber.
Infection of Nicotiana glutinosa L. following injection of two strains of tobacco mosaic virus into a single cell.

Abstract When a mixture of the ordinary strain and the yellow aucuba strain of tobacco mosaic virus was injected into a single hair cell of a seedling leaf of Nicotiana glutinosa L., either or both strains were subsequently detected in the lesion. Of the 20 lesions examined, the ordinary strain alone was found in 14 lesions, the yellow aucuba strain alone in 1 lesion, and both strains in 5 lesions. With a single exception, lesions have appeared only on leaves on which the inoculated hair remained alive for at least one day.
Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, and Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Dendritic cells and macrophages are critical early initiators of innate immunity in the kidney and orchestrate inflammation subsequent to ischemia-reperfusion injury. They are the most abundant leukocytes present in the kidney, and they represent a heterogeneous population of cells that are capable of inducing sterile inflammation after reperfusion directly through the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other soluble inflammatory mediators or indirectly through activation of effector T lymphocytes and natural killer T cells. In addition, recent studies have indicated that kidney and immune cell micro-RNAs control gene expression and have the ability to regulate the initial inflammatory response to injury. Although dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to both innate and adaptive immunity and to injury and repair, this review focuses on the initial innate response to kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Accuracy of single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with stents in native coronary arteries

Strategies to noninvasively evaluate patients after coronary stenting have not been evaluated. To determine the accuracy of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging in patients after coronary stenting, 209 patients who had undergone stenting followed by late stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging were evaluated. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed in 33 patients following SPECT imaging. SPECT restenosis was defined as a reversible or fixed defect within the stented vascular territory. Angiographic restenosis was examined using 2 definitions: total area narrowing > or =50% or > or =70% of the stent site or stented artery. The SPECT and angiographic findings were concordant in 22 of 33 stented vascular territories using the 50% definition of restenosis and in 29 of 33 stented territories using the 70% definition. Use of the 70% definition of restenosis resulted in improved accuracy of SPECT to detect a significant stenosis in the stented artery. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SPECT were 95%, 73%, 88%, 89%, and 88% respectively. In patients with positive SPECT scans, the most significant stenosis in the stented artery was outside the stent site in 50% of cases. SPECT imaging appears to be accurate to predict significant stenosis in the stented artery, although the most severe stenosis is frequently distant from the stent site.
Dynamic transition in lysozyme: role of a solvent

Abstract Light scattering spectra of lysozyme dissolved in glycerol are analyzed over broad ranges in frequency and temperature. It is shown that the dynamic transition observed earlier in a lysozyme/glycerol sample at T∼270 K [Biophys. J. 79 (2000) 2728] is related to the appearance of a slow relaxation process in the GHz frequency window. It is also pointed out that the dynamic transition in the lysozyme/glycerol system happens at a temperature very close to the dynamic transition temperature of bulk glycerol. These results support the idea that biopolymers are `slaves' of solvents and that the latter controls the dynamic transition.
Control of lens glycolysis

Abstract 1. 1. The calf-lens phosphofructokinase (ATP: d -fructose-6-phosphate i -phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) was isolated and purified 86 fold. It was found that ATP inhibits lens phosphofructokinase at a concentration above 0.25 mM. Cyclic AMP was the most effective in releasing the inhibition of phosphofructokinase by glucose 6-phosphate. 2. 2. The calf-lens hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) is susceptible to inhibition by low levels of glucose 6-phosphate. The inhibitory effect of glucose 6-phosphate can be partially counteracted by increasing concentrations of inorganic phosphate. 3. 3. The normal content of ATP and glucose 6-phosphate in the lens are at levels where considerable degree of inhibition would be exerted on the two enzymes, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. 4. 4. The levels of the glycolytic intermediates in the lens were measured after incubation under aerobic conditions at 5.5, 10 and 15 mM glucose. Increasing the availability of glucose raised the intracellular glucose, but the levels of sugar phosphates and the production of lactate remained unchanged. 5. 5. Increasing the availability of glucose did, however, stimulate the lens sorbitol pathway. Increasing levels of sorbitol were found in the lenses incubated at the 3 different concentrations of glucose.
Specific heat of platinum from 1.4 to 100°K

Abstract The specific heat of high purity platinum has been measured from 1.4 to 100°K. No anomalous temperature dependence of the lattice heat capacity is observed. The corresponding variation of the Debye temperature is compared to that calculated from elastic data using a central force model.
A new method of cannabis ingestion: the dangers of dabs?

A new method for administering cannabinoids, called butane hash oil ("dabs"), is gaining popularity among marijuana users. Despite press reports that suggest that "dabbing" is riskier than smoking flower cannabis, no data address whether dabs users experience more problems from use than those who prefer flower cannabis. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to gather preliminary information on dabs users and test whether dabs use is associated with more problems than using flower cannabis. METHOD: Participants (n=357) reported on their history of cannabis use, their experience with hash oil and the process of "dabbing," reasons for choosing "dabs" over other methods, and any problems related to both flower cannabis and butane hash oil. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that using "dabs" created no more problems or accidents than using flower cannabis. Participants did report that "dabs" led to higher tolerance and withdrawal (as defined by the participants), suggesting that the practice might be more likely to lead to symptoms of addiction or dependence. CONCLUSIONS: The use of butane hash oil has spread outside of the medical marijuana community, and users view it as significantly more dangerous than other forms of cannabis use. Language: en
Coronary sinus pressure and arterial venting do not affect retrograde cardioplegia distribution

Retrograde techniques for the administration of cardioplegia solutions are of interest because of their relative practical convenience, and because of the possibility that they provide better delivery to myocardial regions jeopardized by coronary stenosis than can be achieved with traditional antegrade techniques. This study was designed to test the following three hypotheses about how the distribution of cardioplegia by retrograde techniques might be optimized: (1) venting an occluded coronary artery improves the distribution of cardioplegia to the myocardial region originally supplied by it; (2) increasing the coronary sinus perfusion pressure makes the distribution of cardioplegia through the myocardium more uniform; and (3) increasing the driving pressure, as achieved by increasing the coronary sinus perfusion pressure or occluding a left coronary artery, improves the distribution of flow to the right ventricular free wall and interventricular septum. Tracer microspheres infused retrogradely with cardioplegia solution into canine hearts in vitro showed that the distribution of flow through the coronary sinus is consistently and significantly nonuniform, and is not significantly altered by coronary arterial occlusion and venting, or by increases in coronary sinus perfusion pressure.
Facility update: Research and Operations at the Advanced Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) looks forward to a period of growth in the coming years. Meanwhile, in April 2006, the APS reorganized its divisions, creating an X-ray Science Division (XSD), bringing science at the APS on a par with the accelerator, and sharing engineering and support services. The machine division, the Accelerator Systems Division, now includes all of the groups that operate and develop the machine and focus on future accelerator research.
Abstract 864: Benzyl isothiocyanate, a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cellsin vitroandin vivo

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables (e.g., garden cress), inhibits chemically-induced cancer in experimental rodents. We showed previously that BITC treatment inhibited growth of cultured (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and xenografted (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells by causing reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis, and suppressed mammary cancer development in a transgenic mouse model (MMTV-neu). We now demonstrate, for the first time, that BITC is a potent inhibitor of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured cells and tumor xenografts in vivo. Exposure of estrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) and estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and a highly invasive pancreatic cancer cell line (PL-45) to pharmacologic concentrations of BITC (1 or 2.5 µmol/L) resulted in up-regulation of epithelial markers (e.g., E-cadherin and occludin) with a concomitant decline in protein levels of mesenchymal markers vimentin, fibronectin, snail, and/or c-Met. BITC-mediated induction of E-cadherin protein correlated with its transcriptional up-regulation. Experimental EMT induced by exposure to TGFβ and TNFα in a spontaneously immortalized and non-tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) was also largely reversible in the presence of BITC. Consistent with these results, the BITC treatment inhibited TGFβ/TNFα -induced migration by MCF-10A cells, which was partially but significantly attenuated by RNA interference of E-cadherin. Moreover, inhibition of MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth in vivo in female athymic mice by BITC administration correlated with a visible increase in protein level of E-cadherin and suppression of vimentin protein expression. In conclusion, the present study reports a novel anticancer effect of BITC involving inhibition of EMT, a process triggered during progression of carcinoma to invasive state. This investigation was supported by the USPHS grant RO1 CA129347-04, awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 864. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-864
ROSAT Observations of Quiescent Low Mass Disk Galaxies: No Evidence of Baryonic Blow Out

To test the hypothesis that galactic winds associated with star formation in low mass disk galaxies can be an effective means of relocating cold disk gas to a warm tenuous halo, we have obtained long exposure ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations of three such galaxies. The sensitivity of the PSPC to the presence of an extended, approximately 0.15 KEV halo of 10(exp 9) solar mass of gas, is quite high for the exposure times we used. We failed to detect this halo in all three cases and the observed x-ray luminosity of the galaxy is two orders of magnitude less than the hypothetical case in which the mass of gas that has been expelled by previous generations of star formation is equal to the stellar mass of the galaxy itself. This limit is much less than the actual mass of cold gas in these galaxies. Thus, we were unable to verify directly the presence of significant galactic winds in these three galaxies either because they are not operative, because their halos are not sufficiently massive to aid in the retention of this gas, or because the amount of injected gas is just a small percentage of the cold disk gas. If the latter reason is emblematic of low mass galaxies then we would not expect the detection of halos. We also report here the serendipitous detection of Abell 1560, a distance class 7 cluster of unknown redshift.
The Effect of Information Signals on Strategic Voting in Mock Mayoral Elections

While theoretical work on strategic voting emphasizes the importance of elite messages in persuading minor party supporters to abandon their first preference, few empirical studies have examined this relationship. I argue that while poll results certainly increase the likelihood of changing one’s vote, explicit information signals can increase this probability even more. Furthermore, these effects will be moderated by the presence of a counter message and the sponsor of the explicit information signal. These hypotheses are tested with data generated from two experiments.
Determination of trace levels of mercury in aqueous solutions by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry: Elimination of the ‘memory effect’

Abstract The measurement of mercury in aqueous solutions by ICP-AES is adversely affected by the memory effect wherein mercury accumulates within the sample introduction system and is slowly released over time to give increasing response signals at the same initial mercury concentration. The memory effect is obviated by the addition of Hg(II) complexants: thiourea and gold(III) chloride are both effective in preventing mercury sorption and vapor buildup with the latter being preferred because the memory effect vanishes more rapidly. Conditions are described wherein it is possible to quantify low levels of mercury(II) in aqueous solutions by ICP-AES under routine operating conditions that can be applied to other metal ions by adding 1 mg of gold(III) chloride per 3 mg of mercury(II) to those solutions.
Towards an improved wind and rain backscatter model for ASCAT

The ASCAT scatterometer measures the backscatter from the ocean surface with which it infers the near-surface wind vector. When rain is present in the observation area the windinduced backscatter is modified by the rain. This paper uses co-located observations from TRMM PR to model the effects of rain on the ASCAT observed backscatter. Two model types are considered, a phenomenological rain model and a lumped effect rain model which are comparable for most rain rates. For low rain events the ASCAT observed backscatter due to rain is not substantial, however for moderate to high rains the rain-induced backscatter from the ocean surface can be significant, and for extreme rain rates the atmospheric scattering and attenuation are dominant.
Success of measles virotherapy in ATL depends on type I interferon secretion and responsiveness

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a highly aggressive CD4+/CD25+ T-cell malignancy caused by human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Previous studies in the MET-1 cell/NOD/SCID mouse model of ATL demonstrated that MET-1 cells are very susceptible to measles virus (MV) oncolytic therapy. To further evaluate the potential of MV therapy in ATL, the susceptibility of several HTLV-1 transformed CD4+ T cell lines (MT-1, MT-2, MT-4 and C8166-45) as well as HTLV-1 negative CD4+ T cell lines (Jurkat and CCRF-CEM) to infection with MV was tested in vitro. All cell lines were permissive to MV infection and subsequent cell death, except MT-1 and CCRF-CEM cells which were susceptible and permissive to MV infection, but resistant to cell death. The resistance to MV-mediated cell death was associated with IFNβ produced by MT-1 and CCRF-CEM cells. Inhibition of IFNβ rendered MT-1 and CCRF-CEM cells susceptible to MV-mediated cell death. Cells susceptible to MV-induced cell death did not produce nor were responsive to IFNβ. Upon infection with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), MT-1 and CCRF-CEM but not the susceptible cell lines up-regulated pSTAT-2. In vivo, treatment of tumors induced by MT-1 cell lines which produce IFNβ demonstrated only small increases in mean survival time, while only two treatments prolonged mean survival time in mice with MET-1 tumors deficient in type I interferon production. These results indicate that type I interferon production is closely linked with the inability of tumor cells to respond to type I interferon. Screening of tumor cells for type I interferon could be a useful strategy to select candidate patients for MV virotherapy.
Molecular mechanisms of memory and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease

Research on molecular and biophysical mechanisms of associative learning and memory storage identified a number of key elements that are phylogenetically conserved. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, K+ channels, PKC, Cp20, and intracellular Ca2+ regulation play a fundamental role in memory mechanisms. Because memory loss is the hallmark and perhaps the earliest sign of Alzheimer's disease, we hypothesized that these normal memory mechanisms might be altered in AD. With the use of a variety of experimental methodologies, our results revealed that one of the critical elements in memory storage, K+ channels, are dysfunctional in AD fibroblasts. Moreover, beta-amyloid induced the same K+ dysfunction in normal cells. Intracellular Ca2+ release, also associated with molecular memory mechanisms, was found altered in fibroblasts from patients with AD. The results therefore strongly suggest that biophysical and molecular mechanisms of associative learning could be altered in AD and that they may contribute to the memory loss observed early in the disease.