cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilizing high‐fidelity crucial conversation simulation in genetic counseling training

Genetics professionals are often required to deliver difficult news to patients and families. This is a challenging task, but one that many genetics trainees have limited opportunity to master during training. This is true for several reasons, including relative scarcity of these events and an understandable hesitation of supervisors allowing a trainee to provide such high stakes information. Medical simulation is effective in other health care disciplines giving trainees opportunities of "hands on" education in similar high stakes situations. We hypothesized that crucial conversations simulation would be effective for genetics trainees to gain experience in communication and counseling skills in a realistic clinical scenario. To test this hypothesis, we designed a prenatal counseling scenario requiring disclosure of an abnormal amniocentesis result and discussion of pregnancy management options; we challenged participants to address common counseling questions. Three medical genetics resident physicians and five genetic counseling students participated. Genetics and simulation experts observed the session via live video feed from a different room. A behavioral checklist was completed in real time assessing trainee's performance and documenting medical information discussed. Debriefing immediately followed the session and included simulation and genetics experts and the actor parents. Participants completed open-ended post evaluations. There was a trend towards participants being more likely to discuss issues the child could have while an infant/toddler rather than issues that could emerge as the child with Down Syndrome transitions to adulthood and end of life (P=.069). All participants found the simulation helpful, notably that it was more realistic than role-playing with colleagues.
Vasculitis of the breast. An unusual manifestation of polyarteritis

A 72-year-old woman had a tender breast mass due to arteritis. A diagnosis of polyarteritis rather than cranial or focal arteritis (as suspected in previously reported similar cases) was indicated by a muscle biopsy, which showed arteritis, and a temporal artery biopsy, which was normal.
Using Pictures and Graphics

Pictures and graphics can promote clarity, brevity, and convenience. This essay provides several tips for using pictures and graphics in motions, briefs, and other legal documents. First, use a variety of media to convey a message. Second, place the picture or graphic in the body of the text - not in an appendix or other document. Third, don't use pictures or graphics to try to mislead the reader. Fourth, don't over-simplify - use pictures and graphics to make complex material understandable.
Lifetimes of metastable ion clouds in a Paul trap: Power-law scaling

It is well known that ions stored in a Paul trap, one of the most versatile tools in atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics, may undergo a transition from a disordered cloud state to a geometrically well-ordered crystalline state, the Wigner crystal. In this paper we predict that close to the transition, the average lifetime ${\overline{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{m}$ of the metastable cloud follows a power law, ${\overline{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{m}\ensuremath{\sim}{(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{c}$ is the value of the damping constant at which the transition occurs. The exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ depends on the trap control parameter $q$, but is independent of both the number of particles $N$ stored in the trap and the trap control parameter $a$, which determines the shape (oblate, prolate, or spherical) of the ion cloud. In addition, we find that for given $a$ and $q, {\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{c}$ scales approximately like ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{c}=Cln[ln(N)]+D$ as a function of $N$, where $C$ and $D$ are constants. Our predictions may be tested experimentally with equipment already available at many AMO laboratories. In addition to their importance in AMO trap physics, we also discuss possible applications of our results to other periodically driven many-particle systems, such as, e.g., particle accelerator beams, and, based on our trap results, conjecture that power laws characterize the phase transition to the Wigner crystal in all such systems.
Aggregate Idiosyncratic Risk and Market Returns

This paper tests the empirical performance of a model-independent measure of aggregate idiosyncratic risk introduced by Bali and Cakici (2004) in ICAPM framework. The results indicate a significantly positive relation between the equal-weighted average stock volatility and the value-weighted portfolio returns on the NYSE/AMEX/Nasdaq stocks for the sample period of 1963:08-1999:12. We show that this result is driven by small stocks traded on the NASDAQ. In addition, the positive risk-return tradeoff does not exist for the extended sample of 1963:08-2004:12 and for portfolios of NYSE/AMEX and NYSE stocks. More importantly, we find almost no evidence of a significant link between the value-weighted portfolio returns and various measures of the value-weighted average idiosyncratic volatility.
The ABCs of Immunosuppression: A Primer for Primary Care Physicians

Immunosuppression use for prevention of allograft recognition/rejection has evolved to reflect an expanded understanding of the immune system, as well as a fine tuning of the goals of therapy. Immunosuppression in organ transplantation represents a balance between the desire to improve the health status of an individual affected by chronic conditions versus not imposing an unintended immunodeficiency leading to iatrogenic morbidity/mortality. This article discusses the selection and general dosing of immunosuppression in organ allograft recipients to allow providers to be comfortable in monitoring immunosuppressive therapy long term and the associated, expected posttransplant complications in allograft recipients.
Chronic catheterization of coronary artery: induction of ECG pattern of myocardial ischemia by intracoronary epinephrine.

SummaryInfusion of epinephrine or norepinephrine into the coronary artery of dogs produced high, upright, peaked T waves with depressed ST segments. After cessation of the infusion the electrocardiogram approached normal, then gradually developed depressed and coved ST segments and inverted T waves which persisted for 7-10 days. The postinfusion electrocardiogram could be restored to normal by intracoronary infusion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, procaine, or phenoxybenzamine. The persistent alteration of the electrocardiogram in our animals was remarkably similar to that attributed to subendocardial ischemia in man. No evidence of structural changes was noted in the heart of one dog sacrificed after several months of infusions.
Physiological effects of endogenous ouabain: control of intracellular Ca2+ stores and cell responsiveness

Ouabain is a well-known compound but a newly discovered adrenal cortical hormone that plays a role in cell Na+ regulation and in whole body salt and water balance. Ouabain may also be a paracrine hormone and may be secreted by some central nervous system neurons as well as by other types of cells. This article focuses on the cellular mechanisms that underlie the physiological (and pathophysiological) effects of ouabain. Ouabain directly inhibits the plasmalemmal Na+ pump in a variety of cell types. Low ouabain concentrations cause, in the steady state, a modest rise in the cytosolic Na+ concentration but only a minimal decline in membrane potential. All Na+ gradient-dependent processes may thereby be affected, albeit to only a small extent. Most important, however, is the secondary redistribution of Ca2+, mediated by Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, that should slightly increase the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). As a result of Ca2+ sequestration in intracellular stores [the endoplasmic and/or sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR)], however, a new steady state is achieved with a slightly increased [Ca2+]cyt but a substantially augmented Ca2+ store; thus the ER/SR effectively acts as a Ca2+ amplifier. This extra stored Ca2+ is then available for mobilization whenever the cells are activated. Cytosolic Ca2+ is a key signaling mechanism in virtually all cells: it controls numerous physiological processes such as contraction, secretion, and excitability. Thus ouabain may modulate cell responsiveness via its influence on ER/SR Ca2+ stores. With these principles in mind, we examine evidence that endogenous ouabain may play a role in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with altered fluid and electrolyte metabolism and deviations from the normal blood pressure-blood volume relationship. We discuss the possible participation of ouabain in the regulation of vascular tone and then consider the putative role of ouabain in several forms of hypertension, congestive heart failure, thyroid and adrenocortical dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus, as well as in the adaptation to high altitude.
Study on relationship between different gender student injuries and family types

Objective To investigate the relationship between five sorts of family types(FT) and fifteen sorts of injuries types(IT) among male and female students. Methods 25 710 students aged 12 to 23 years old were surveyed with special questionnaires. Results Male: The difference among five FT were significant on 80%(12/15)IT. Among the 12 sorts of IT,5 sorts were obviously high in single-parent family(SPF); 2 sorts were obviously high in grandparents family(GF); other 4sorts were high both in SF and GF. Female: The difference among five FT were significant only on 53.3%(8/15) IT.Among the 8 sorts of IT, 2 sorts were high in all sorts of unstable family(UF); other 4 sorts were obviously high in reconstructed family(RF). Both: The rate of UF was higher than stable family. In general, the rates of extended family(EF)were slightly higher than nuclear family(NF). Conclusion UF, male, male from GF or SPF, and female from GF are the focus of injurie control interventions.
Update on congenital heart disease.

The author presents a current review of the incidence, etiology, diagnostic principles (electrocardiographic and echocardiographic), and the medical and surgical management of congenital heart disease.
Improvement of a novel heat pipe network designed for latent heat thermal energy storage systems

Abstract In the present work, the performance of a heat pipe network designed for a latent Thermal Energy Storage unit in a Concentrating Solar Power System was investigated numerically. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model was implemented to describe the vapor flow and heat transfer inside the vapor core. The network consists of a primary heat pipe and a concentric secondary heat pipe. The solar energy impinges on the disk shaped evaporator is transferred to the heat engine through adiabatic section. The excess heat is used to charge the phase change material via the secondary concentric heat pipe. The vapor flow leaving the adiabatic part of the primary heat pipe to the main condenser is similar to the confined jet impingement. As the flow impinges on the surface and spreads out radially, several recirculation zones have formed, resulting in non-uniform condensation on the condenser surface. The objective of the current work is to optimize the geometry of the heat pipe to alleviate flow separation and hence to improve the performance of the heat pipe. The effects of main condenser and secondary heat pipe entrance shapes on streamline contours, pressure and temperature distributions of the main condenser and secondary heat pipes were investigated. The impact of the primary heat pipe position was studied. Two configurations studied are center located adiabatic section and outward positioned adiabatic section. The performance of the heat pipe was evaluated by calculating the corresponding thermal resistances. For a case with tubular adiabatic section, the result showed that the condensers inlets shapes do not have significant effects on the recirculation zone configuration, but only shift up the pressure and temperature distributions of the main condenser and the secondary heat pipe. Among the various shapes studied for the main condenser inlet, tapered inlet results in the lowest thermal resistances for both the main and secondary condensers. It was also concluded that locating the adiabatic section of the primary heat pipe outwards reduces the size and quantity of the recirculation zones and dramatically increases the average temperatures of the condensers. Tapering the main condenser entrance eliminates the primary recirculation zone, resulting in a uniform temperature distribution inside the main condenser.
Higher Intelligence Is Associated with Less Task-Related Brain Network Reconfiguration.

The human brain is able to exceed modern computers on multiple computational demands (e.g., language, planning) using a small fraction of the energy. The mystery of how the brain can be so efficient is compounded by recent evidence that all brain regions are constantly active as they interact in so-called resting-state networks (RSNs). To investigate the brain9s ability to process complex cognitive demands efficiently, we compared functional connectivity (FC) during rest and multiple highly distinct tasks. We found previously that RSNs are present during a wide variety of tasks and that tasks only minimally modify FC patterns throughout the brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, although subtle, these task-evoked FC updates from rest nonetheless contribute strongly to behavioral performance. One might expect that larger changes in FC reflect optimization of networks for the task at hand, improving behavioral performance. Alternatively, smaller changes in FC could reflect optimization for efficient (i.e., small) network updates, reducing processing demands to improve behavioral performance. We found across three task domains that high-performing individuals exhibited more efficient brain connectivity updates in the form of smaller changes in functional network architecture between rest and task. These smaller changes suggest that individuals with an optimized intrinsic network configuration for domain-general task performance experience more efficient network updates generally. Confirming this, network update efficiency correlated with general intelligence. The brain9s reconfiguration efficiency therefore appears to be a key feature contributing to both its network dynamics and general cognitive ability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain9s network configuration varies based on current task demands. For example, functional brain connections are organized in one way when one is resting quietly but in another way if one is asked to make a decision. We found that the efficiency of these updates in brain network organization is positively related to general intelligence, the ability to perform a wide variety of cognitively challenging tasks well. Specifically, we found that brain network configuration at rest was already closer to a wide variety of task configurations in intelligent individuals. This suggests that the ability to modify network connectivity efficiently when task demands change is a hallmark of high intelligence.
Keeping patients safe: the ethics of quality improvement.

Quality improvement initiatives in clinical medicine are part research and part patient care and pose challenges to traditional forms of ethical oversight. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Measuring Situation Awareness of Student Air Traffic Controllers with Online Probe Queries: Are We Asking the Right Questions?

ABSTRACTSituation awareness (SA) is a major factor determining operator performance in the current and future airspace systems, so it is not surprising that a considerable body of research on measuring operator SA has been amassed. A commonly used SA measurement method is a probe technique in which the operator is queried about the current state of his/her task environment, either offline (while a computer simulation is paused) or online (while a computer simulation is running.) Although sufficient evidence for the reliability and validity of both techniques is available, one factor that has not been systematically investigated is the efficacy of the questions themselves. We evaluated the types of online probe questions used for predicting the performance of student air traffic controllers in a simulated air traffic management task. These data were obtained from 84 students who completed a 16-week radar internship course in which their situation awareness and performance were assessed at the midpoint and ...
Description and Microbiology of Home-Canned Tomatoes and Tomato Juice.

Home canners completed questionnaires and submitted 378 jars of tomatoes and 382 jars of tomato juice for analysis. Nearly 50% of the containers were non-canning jars, and 25 jars had held food items such as instant tea or coffee or jelly. A few closures were reused from grocery stock; the remainder were the two-part rim and lid or zinc cap and ring. The headspace in 14% of the jars was below 16/32 inch and in 17% between 31/32 and 64/32 inch. Serum layers in 70% of the jars of tomato juice ranged from 20 to 64% of the volume. Eleven percent of the samples were processed with the method of hot fill and seal only, 66% were processed in boiling water, and 23% in the pressure canner. Vacuums of 13 to 15 inches of mercury were most frequently recorded in jars processed with any of the three methods. The pH ranged from 3.5 to 4.7. The average titratable acidity as citric acid, of tomatoes was 0.444% and of tomato juice 0.471%. Microorganisms were recovered from 33% of the jars of tomatoes and from 15% of the tomato juice; however, the percentage of recovery decreased during the period of analysis, suggesting autosterilization. The microorganisms recovered included three fermentative yeasts, one Rhodotorula , three filamentous fungi, 15 Bacillus licheniformis , and the remainder were Klebsiella pneumoniae . It is concluded that directions given to home canners are adequate for home preservation of tomatoes and tomato juice, and that most canners engage in good canning practices.
Allosensitized Memory CD4 T Cells Induce Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease.

It has been reported that naive CD4 + CD62L hi CD44 lo T cells induce severe GVHD in a complete MHC mismatched allogeneic model of mouse bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but that effector memory CD4 + CD62L lo CD44 hi T cells obtained from normal donors do not induce GVHD. The lack of GVHD-inducing capacity of effector memory cells from unprimed donors may reflect their lack of previous exposure to host alloantigens. We tested this hypothesis in a complete MHC mismatched allogeneic model of BMT by comparing the ability of effector memory T cells obtained from untreated C57BL/6 donors and donors immunized against host BALB/C alloantigens to induce GVHD. C57BL/6 donors were immunized by injecting 50 x10 6 host BALB/C spleen cells i.p. and after one week with 10x 10 6 cells. Both the unprimed and alloantigen primed CD4 + T cells expressed similar levels of lymph node homing chemokine receptor CCR7, and activation markers like CD69 and CD25. We sorted naive (CD62L hi CD44 lo ) and effector memory (CD62L lo CD44 hi ) CD4 + T cell subsets from C57BL/6 donor mice four weeks after immunization, and compared their alloreactivity to BALB/C in an in vitro MLR. Interestingly effector memory CD4 + T cells from primed mice produced significantly higher levels of IFN γ compared to the effector memory from unprimed donors. We found that CD62L lo CD44 hi cells from unimmunized donors failed to induce GVHD in 85% of the hosts over 100 days while CD62L lo CD44 hi cells from immunized donors caused progressive weight loss and death in 100% of hosts (p + T cells from unimmunized donors accumulated rapidly in the lymph nodes and spleen of irradiated hosts, effector memory CD4 + T cells had markedly reduced accumulation in these tissues. Furthermore, at day 6 after transplantation effector memory CD4 + T cells from primed mice, showed hundred fold higher accumulation in the host liver compared to unprimed effector memory donor CD4 + T cells. Long term surviving hosts transplanted with primed effector memory cells showed histopathological features of chronic GVHD in liver characterized by portal tract inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration with bile duct injury. In conclusion, memory CD4 + T cells from donors immunized to host alloantigens are able to induce chronic GVHD , but memory cells from unimmunized donors do not.
High-velocity deformation of Al 0.3 CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy: Remarkable resistance to shear failure

The mechanical behavior of a single phase (fcc) Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was studied in the low and high strain-rate regimes. The combination of multiple strengthening mechanisms such as solid solution hardening, forest dislocation hardening, as well as mechanical twinning leads to a high work hardening rate, which is significantly larger than that for Al and is retained in the dynamic regime. The resistance to shear localization was studied by dynamically-loading hat-shaped specimens to induce forced shear localization. However, no adiabatic shear band could be observed. It is therefore proposed that the excellent strain hardening ability gives rise to remarkable resistance to shear localization, which makes this material an excellent candidate for penetration protection applications such as armors.
Blood collection vials and clinically used intravenous fluids contain significant amounts of nitrite

The biology of the inorganic anion nitrite is linked to nitric oxide (NO) as nitrite can be reduced to NO and mediate its biological activities. Thus, studies of nitrite biology require sensitive and selective chemical assays. The acetic and ascorbic acids method is selective for nitrite and measures it in biological matrices. However, one of the pitfalls of nitrite measurements is its ubiquitous presence in sample collection tubes. Here, we showed high levels of nitrite in collection tubes containing EDTA, sodium citrate or sodium heparin and smaller amounts in tubes containing lithium heparin or serum clot activator. We also showed the presence of nitrite in colloid and crystalloid solutions frequently administered to patients and found variable levels of nitrite in 5% albumin, 0.9% sodium chloride, lactated ringer's, and dextrose-plus-sodium chloride solutions. These levels of nitrite varied across lots and manufacturers of the same type of fluid. Because these fluids are administered intravenously to patients (including those in shock), sometimes in large volumes (liters), it is possible that infusions of these nitrite-containing fluids may have clinical implications. A protocol for blood collection free of nitrite contamination was developed and used to examine nitrite levels in whole blood, red blood cells, plasma and urine from normal volunteers. Nitrite measurements were reproducible, had minimal variability, and did not indicate sex-differences. These findings validated a method and protocol for selective nitrite assay in biological fluids free of nitrite contamination which can be applied for study of diseases where dysfunctional NO signaling has been implicated.
Abnormal Fetal Findings Associated With a Global Sphericity Index of the 4‐Chamber View Below the 5th Centile

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the global sphericity index (GSI) of the 4-chamber view and correlate the results with abnormal ultrasound findings. Methods The epicardial end-diastolic basal-apical length (BAL) and transverse length (TL) of the 4-chamber view were measured to compute the GSI (BAL/TL) in 200 control fetuses between 20 and 40 weeks' gestation. Three hundred study fetuses were prospectively examined between 17 and 39 weeks' gestation. The GSI, Z score, and centile were computed for each of the fetuses. Results The GSI (1.233; SD, 0.0953) in the control fetuses was independent of gestational age. Eighteen percent of the study fetuses (55 of 300) had a GSI below the 5th centile (<1.08), of whom 96% (53 of 55) had additional abnormal ultrasound findings. Fetuses with an estimated fetal weight below the 10th centile had a significantly (P < .05) higher rate of an umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th centile (27% versus 17.7%), a middle cerebral artery Doppler pulsatility index below the 5th centile (27% versus 0%), an abnormal cerebroplacental ratio (27% versus 4.5%), and an amniotic fluid index of less than 5 cm (36% versus 9%). The TL was significantly increased compared with the BAL in fetuses with cardiac dysfunction, irrespective of the estimated fetal weight. Conclusions An abnormal GSI below the 5th centile is associated with abnormal fetal ultrasound findings.
Cloud aided internet mobility for privacy protection

Internet mobile users concern more and more about their privacy nowadays as both researches and real world incidents show leaking of communication and location privacy can lead to serious consequence, and many researches have been done to anonymize individual user from aggregated location data. However just the communication itself between mobile user and their peers or website could leak considerable privacy of mobile user, such as location history, to other parties. Unfortunately this idea didn't draw enough attention from research community. In this paper we investigated the potential privacy risk of Internet mobile users, and proposed a scalable cloud aided system that hides mobile user's network location and traffic from communication peers. This system creates a dynamic distributed proxy network for each mobile user to minimize performance overhead and operation cost.
Democracy Gone Wild: Thoreau and the Wilderness Tradition

While Thoreau is not apolitical, he is wary of governmental power that compromises the integrity of individuals by implicating them in activities to which they object. In contrast to his descriptions of the restraints placed on individuals in civil society, he views nature as inviting self-exploration and development. By cultivating an outsider’s view, Thoreau sees like a prophet and is able to call out his fellow citizens for their wanton destruction of nature and the injustices perpetrated upon other human beings. Nevertheless, it is argued that Thoreau’s anemic theory of citizenship undercuts some of his most cherished values, for it tends to rule out the sustained and coordinated political action required to prevent the degradation of nature and persons.
Introduction to Social Information Access

This chapter offers an introduction to the emerging field of social information access. Social information access focuses on technologies that organize users past interaction with information in order to provide future users with better access to information. These technologies have become increasingly more popular in all areas of information access, including search, browsing, and recommendation. Starting with a definition of the new field and a brief history of social information access, this chapter introduces a multi-aspect classification of social information access technologies. The two important factors for our classification are the types of information access involved and the source of the social information that has been leveraged to support information access. These two factors are the angles we use in this chapter to create a map of the field, as well as to introduce the book structure and the role of the remaining book chapters in covering social information access topics and technologies.
Abstract 4676: Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma is driven by adaptive immune activation and clonal T cell expansion

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin tumor. MCC is immunogenic and highly responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. On rare occasions, MCC undergoes spontaneous regression of both local and metastatic disease in the absence of treatment. With at least 45 cases reported in the literature, this phenomenon has been described in 1.7-3% of MCCs but its mechanism is poorly understood. There has been speculation that biopsy-induced antigen shedding and subsequent recruitment of a host immune response drives spontaneous tumor regression. Here, we demonstrate activation of an adaptive immune response in a case of spontaneous MCC regression. A 65 year-old man presented with a rapidly-growing 3.5 cm skin tumor confirmed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses to be Merkel cell polyomavirus-positive MCC. Eight days following the diagnostic shave biopsy, the tumor had clinically regressed. Histological analysis of a wide local excision specimen obtained 45 days after the initial biopsy revealed small, residual tumor nests and a surrounding lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate consistent with a regressing tumor. To evaluate the immune response at baseline and in the regressing tumor, we performed T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing as a metric of antigen-specific lymphocyte activation, and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses to phenotype the immune response. Both the baseline and regressing tumor contained intratumoral inflammatory infiltrates which were sparse relative to peritumoral infiltrates. There were notable reductions in CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in the regressing tumor relative to the initial biopsy. TCR clonality was increased in the regressing tumor relative to the baseline lesion, including both increased representation of the most dominant T cell clone from the baseline biopsy as well as emergence of new high-frequency clones. Together, these results suggest that spontaneous MCC regression is driven by expansion of novel and pre-existing adaptive cellular immune responses. Consistent with this, we observed analogous results with immunohistochemical staining and TCR sequencing performed in an MCC tumor regressing during treatment with the PD-L1 inhibitor, avelumab. Although further studies are needed to determine how biopsy unmasks immune responses and to elucidate target antigens of the T cell clones driving spontaneous MCC regression, our observations demonstrate that comparable immune activation underlies both spontaneous tumor regression and MCC response to immunotherapy. Citation Format: Mairead Baker, John W. Roman, Alexandre Reuben, Natasha Hill, Courtney W. Hudgens, Michael Tetzlaff, Nicholas F. Logemann, Isaac Brownell. Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma is driven by adaptive immune activation and clonal T cell expansion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4676.
CCD speed-noise optimization at 1 MHz

The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF)[1] is a CCD mosaic requiring 64 differential output channels to be transmitted to electronics located over 2 m from the CCDs and digitized with less than 10 e- read noise at 1 MHz pixel rate. To minimize pixel overhead, the Reset Gate pulse is generated inside the dewar by a pin driver controlled by a very short pulse using an LVDS interface. Overlapping serial clocks spanning the entire pixel are made entirely triangular with slopes tuned to cancel substrate return current and minimize high frequency content to improve common rejection by the fully differential signal path. We document the trade between settling time after charge dump and linearity and illustrate the desirability of generating both Summing Well and Reset Gate edge close to the CCD. The parallel clocking overhead is exacerbated in ZTF by ganging multiple CCDs but is hidden by overlapping the parallel shift with pixel readout. To suppress fixed pattern due to the concurrent parallel clocks, slow overlapped triangular waveforms panning the entire line time are employed to null the substrate current, in the same manner as the serials. Both noise and speed requirements are exceeded on all 64 channels, with margin. At all pixel rates the median noise is as good as can be expected for differential transmission being √2 times the single sided noise published in the data sheet for the CCD231- C6 CCDs. Linearity is preserved even at 840 ns pixel time, and crosstalk is less than 10 ppm.
Using Gaseous Sources in Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Using gaseous sources in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) extends the versatility of solid-source MBE. We first describe the use of gaseous group V hydrides, which makes the growth of phosphides possible (before the very recent development of valved crackers). New issues in growth of phosphides arise, however; for example, As/P exchange at arsenide/phosphide interfaces and controlling the group V composition in a mixed As+P alloy. Then we discuss the use of gaseous organometallic group IE sources in selective-area epitaxy, either by laser irradiation or on patterned substrates. Finally the use of gaseous dopant sources are described, in particular, carbon doping with halomethanes.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance in the itinerant antiferromagnetic EuTi O 3

We report on measurements of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) of doped $\mathrm{EuTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. It is shown that the primary contribution to the AMR is the crystalline component, which depends on the relative orientation between the magnetic moments and the crystal axes. With increasing magnetic field, a fourfold crystalline AMR undergoes a change in its alignment with respect to the crystal axes. The results are discussed in the context of the coupling between spin canting, electronic structure, and transport. We discuss the potential role of Weyl points in the band structure. At high fields, the AMR transitions to uniaxial symmetry, which is lower than that of the lattice, along with a crossover from positive to negative magnetoresistance.
Quantitative thin layer chromatography for the analysis of skin surface lipids. A time-saving method using a new TLC plate.

Recently a new thin layer chromatography plate (Whatman LK 6D) became available which is extremely easy to handle and permits highly reproducible qualitative and quantitative analysis. This plate proved to be of great value for the investigation of skin surface lipids. The use of a fatty acid methyl ester as an internal standard makes it unnecessary to employ additional gravimetrical or photometrical methods for quantitative lipid analysis. The method presented in this paper is simpler and requires much less time than alternative procedures and allows a large number of lipid samples to be processed simultaneously.
Review of Recent Treatment Acceptability Research

With recent increases in the use of positive approaches to treatment for individuals with developmental disabilities, it seems appropriate to review the variables that have been found to influence the acceptability of various treatments. Programmatic treatments for problematic behaviors that incorporate primarily positive (reinforcement) components rather than negative (punishment) components may still be susceptible to variables found to influence the acceptability of treatments. Although more positive reinforcement based approaches are certainly preferred, the need to consider the right to effective treatment is also an important component of any intervention for problematic behavior. To continually assure the right to effective treatment, the examination of variables affecting the acceptance of treatments continues to be an important area of research. This paper reviews the instruments that have been used to evaluate the acceptability of treatments as well as the variables that have shown demonstrated influence on the acceptability of treatments for problematic behavior. Research in the area of treatment acceptabil- ity is relatively new to the area of education and psychology with a noticeable increase in treatment acceptability studies occurring dur- ing the 1980's (Elliott, 1988). Recognition of the need for research in the area of social validity became more evident with an elabora- tion of the topic in an article by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968). Prior to this publication, the primary emphasis with regard to educa- tional and behavioral treatments had been treatment efficacy (Witt, 1986). Wolf (1978) stated that social validity refers to decisions based on the social importance of interven- tions on three related levels. First, objectives of the treatment must be socially significant in which the desired outcome is both important and pertinent. Second, treatment procedures must be deemed as socially appropriate in that they are generally considered acceptable by society. Third, effects of the treatment should have clinical significance. Kazdin (1980) noted that social validity research has mainly focused on the appropriateness of treatment procedures, an area of research also known as treatment acceptability. The term treatment acceptability, a component of social validity, was defined by Kazdin as judgments of treat- ments by actual or potential consumers of the treatments, such as nonprofessionals, clients, laypersons, and others. For the purposes of this review, treatment acceptability will be de- fined according to the definition proposed by Kazdin and the terms treatment and interven- tion will be used interchangeably.
Compassion Fatigue: Stories/Artworks of an Art Teacher with a Trauma-Informed Pedagogy

As art teachers engage with big ideas such as identity, relationships, power, and conflict in art lessons, students may share experiences of trauma with teachers. Art teachers aren’t being taught how to cope with student trauma, leading to compassion fatigue, burnout, and dropout. Teacher self-care is essential with the increase in trauma-informed education. I studied with a middle school art teacher in Columbus, Ohio who was experiencing compassion fatigue. Through a critical pedagogy and post-structuralist lens, I exchanged stories with her. To represent the teacher’s voice, I turned each interview question/response into a participant-voiced poem, and responded with a researcher-voiced poem. I created short stories written from a student perspective to demonstrate student trauma by combining true stories of the students and fiction. Themes included poverty, homelessness/parents with disabilities, suicide, and single-parent homes. To demonstrate compassion fatigue solutions, the teacher and I collaboratively created an artwork, using student artworks too. Findings discussed include recommendations for support, resources, time, structure, and professional development to sustain empathetic teachers. Art teachers with students experiencing trauma and teacher preparation programs benefit from this research. With resources and training, art teachers can become powerful agents in changing students’ traumatic circumstances and instilling student resilience.
Utility of Health Expectancy When Evaluating Health Care Systems

This chapter includes a discussion of the contributions of health care to health outcomes in the context of the determinants of health framework, current and potential applications of health expectancies by health care systems, barriers to those applications and opportunities to overcome the barriers. As the world of health care expands to include upstream determinants and downstream outcomes, health expectancies are increasingly well-suited to shed light on this expanded field of view. Health expectancies provide an intuitive and meaningful summary outcome measure combining the length and quality of life that can enable informed health care decisions at both the individual and population levels. There is growing interest among health care systems in using health expectancies in a variety of applications, including research/clinical, planning/operations, and mission/strategy/policy. Health care systems are uniquely positioned to provide the clinical and administrative data for health expectancies that utilize diagnosis information to calculate disability weights and potentially test new measures of health status that combine clinical and self-report measures. Barriers to full adoption of health expectancies among health care systems remain, including issues related to actionability and data availability. Recent developments, including small area estimation techniques, new methods for assessing health status at the point of care and through mobile technology and novel techniques for calculating health expectancies at the individual level and predicting mortality, address these barriers. These developments, together with existing structural advantages of health care systems, provide promise for greater health care system adoption of health expectancies.
Abstract OT1-08-05: Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in combination with trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM)

Background: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR is an important pathway in BCBM. Mutations in PIK3CA or PTEN loss are associated with trastuzumab resistance. Inhibition of PI3K and mTOR led to durable responses in 3 of 5 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models of BCBM. GDC-0084 is a potent, brain-penetrant inhibitor of class I PI3K and mTOR. Methods: This is a single-center, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of GDC-0084 with trastuzumab for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Patients will receive GDC-0084 (45 mg daily) and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, then 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks). Two cohorts will be enrolled: Cohort A: a single-arm, two-stage, phase II cohort; and Cohort B: a pre-surgical window cohort. Inclusion criteria include unequivocal evidence of new and/or progressive HER2-positive CNS metastases, at least one measurable (≥10 mm) CNS metastasis (Cohort A), clinical indication for CNS metastasis resection (Cohort B). Primary endpoint for Cohort A is objective response rate (ORR) in the CNS per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases (RANO-BM) criteria. For Cohort B, the primary endpoint is the correlation between p4EBP1 levels in the resected CNS tumor tissue from patients and intracranial response to GDC-0084/trastuzumab in the PDX model generated from the same patient. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, safety and patient-reported outcomes. Mandatory blood and cerebrospinal fluid with optional tumor biopsy will be collected at baseline, on-treatment and at progression. In Cohort A, we will enroll 37 patients in a Simon two-stage design. If ≥4 responses are seen, the regimen will be considered successful. This design has 90% power with alpha Citation Format: Jose P Leone, Lorenzo Trippa, Lindsey Milisits, Chelsea Andrews, Jennifer Ligibel, Heather Parsons, Wenya L Bi, Jean Zhao, Eric P Winer, Nancy U Lin. Phase II trial of GDC-0084 in combination with trastuzumab for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-08-05.
Disparities of Management of the Axilla in Women With Clinically Node Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract Background In women with clinically node-negative breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy is the first step in axillary staging. A randomized trial published in 2013 concluded that patients with sentinel lymph node micrometastases (N1mi) do not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We hypothesized that disparities exist in management of the axilla in node-negative patients. Methods We included women aged >40 years with nonmetastatic, clinically node-negative breast cancer from 2014 to 2016 in the National Cancer Database. Women treated neoadjuvantly, with large tumors (cT4), or no tumor (cT0) were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression identified patient and facility characteristics associated with undergoing ALND as first axillary surgery and completion ALND in the setting of N1mi disease. Results Of 273,951 patients, 22,898 (8%) underwent ALND first. These patients were more likely to be Hispanic (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.32), have Medicare (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24), be uninsured (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.53), have lower educational attainment (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32), be treated at a community hospital (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.74), or reside in the South (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.26). In the sentinel lymph node biopsy first group, 8,882 (4%) were classified as N1mi and 1,872 (21%) underwent subsequent ALND. These patients were more likely to be Hispanic (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.42) and have the lowest income (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.27). Conclusion Disparities persist in implementation of evidence-based management of the axilla in women with clinically node-negative breast cancer.
Relationship Between Tau and Cognition in the Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease: New Insights from Tau PET

With the recent approval of 18F-flortaucipir (previously called T807/AV-1451, trade name Tauvid; Lilly) for clinical use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, there is increasing excitement around tau imaging. 18F-flortaucipir PET is now approved to estimate the density and distribution of
Adverse Selection in Distributive Politics

Many policy reforms involve gains for some voters at a cost borne by others, and voters may be asymmetrically informed about who gains and loses. This paper shows that the interaction of distributive politics and asymmetric information generates an adverse selection effect: when an uninformed voter contemplates many other voters supporting a policy, she suspects that she is unlikely to benefit from it. This suspicion induces voters to reject policies that would be selected if all information were public. We identify a form of "negative correlation" that is necessary and sufficient for this electoral failure.
On the singular value decomposition over finite fields and orbits of GU×GU

Abstract The singular value decomposition of a complex matrix is a fundamental concept in linear algebra and has proved extremely useful in many subjects. It is less clear what the situation is over a finite field. In this paper, we classify the orbits of GU m ( q ) × GU n ( q ) on M m × n ( q 2 ) (which is the analog of the singular value decomposition). The proof involves Kronecker’s theory of pencils and the Lang–Steinberg theorem for algebraic groups. Besides the motivation mentioned above, this problem came up in a recent paper of Guralnick et al. (2020) where a concept of character level for the complex irreducible characters of finite, general or special, linear and unitary groups was studied and bounds on the number of orbits was needed. A consequence of this work determines possible pairs of Jordan forms for nilpotent matrices of the form A A ∗ and A ∗ A over a finite field and A A ⊤ and A ⊤ A over arbitrary fields.
Carbon mineralization pathways for carbon capture, storage and utilization

Carbon mineralization is a versatile and thermodynamically downhill process that can be harnessed for capturing, storing, and utilizing CO2 to synthesize products with enhanced properties. Here the author discusses the advances in and challenges of carbon mineralization, and concludes that tuning the chemical interactions involved will allow us to unlock its potential for advancing low carbon energy and resource conversion pathways.
Rooted in Oppression: Why the U.S. Policing and Carceral Systems Are Issues of Systemic Environmental Injustice

It is well established within both the scientific literature and social discourse that policing in the United States has a history of racial bias. Black people make up a disproportionate percentage...