cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1395: Humanized GD2 antibody for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy of human and canine osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequently diagnosed bone tumor in children in the United States. The prognosis for metastatic or recurrent OS has remained poor (5-year survival Citation Format: Yingli Fu, Jing Yu, Ioanna Liatsou, Anders Josefsson, Yong Du, Jeffrey Bryan, Dara L. Kraitchman, George Sgouros. Humanized GD2 antibody for targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy of human and canine osteosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1395.
Universal human rights in a world of difference

1. Universal human rights in a world of difference: challenging our thinking Part I. Epistemology, Diversity, and Disagreement in Theory and Practice: 2. Universal human rights? 3. Universalisms and differences 4. Immanent and universal human rights: more legitimate than reasonable Part II. A Methodology for Immanent Theory: 5. Feminist curb cutting: a methodology for exposing silences and revealing differences: immanent study of universal human rights 6. Listening to the silent voices, hearing dissonance: a methodology for interpretation and analysis Part III. Immanent Universal Human Rights: Theory and Practice: 7. An immanent and universal theory of human rights: curb cutting in theory 8. Terrain(s) of difficulty: obligation, problem-solving and trust 9. Feminist strategies 10. 'If I can make a circle'.
Gastrointestinal traits: individualizing therapy for obesity with drugs and devices

Background and Aims The aims of this article were to review the discrepancy between numbers of people requiring weight loss treatment and results and to assess the potential effects of pharmacologic treatments (recently approved for obesity) and endoscopically deployed devices on quantitative GI traits in development for obesity treatment. Methods We conducted a review of relevant literature to achieve our objectives. Results The 2013 guidelines increased the number of adults recommended for weight loss treatment by 20.9% (116.0 million to 140.2 million). There is an imbalance between efficacy and costs of commercial weight loss programs and drug therapy (average weight loss about 5 kg). The number of bariatric procedures performed in the United States has doubled in the past decade. The efficacy of bariatric surgery is attributed to reduction in the volume of the stomach, nutrient malabsorption with some types of surgery, increased postprandial incretin responses, and activation of farnesoid X receptor mechanisms. These GI and behavioral traits identify sub-phenotypes of obesity, based on recent research. Conclusions The mechanisms or traits targeted by drug and device treatments include centrally mediated alterations of appetite or satiation, diversion of nutrients, and alteration of stomach capacity, gastric emptying, or incretin hormones. Future treatment may be individualized based on quantitative GI and behavioral traits measured in obese patients.
Paolina's Innocence: Child Abuse in Casanova's Venice

Larry Wolff has produced a beautifully written, almost novelistic, account of child abuse at a time when Europeans were struggling to understand the issue. Wolff provides first a disturbing microhi...
Isolation and Purification of a 5α-Hydroxysterol Dehydrase of Yeast

Abstract An enzyme that catalyzes the anaerobic dehydration of ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol to ergosterol has been isolated from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The enzyme has been purified about 500-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on Sephadex G-100, and adsorption onto calcium phosphate gel. No cofactors are required for activity; 2-mercaptoethanol was added to all buffers. Throughout purification, phospholipid and ergosterol are associated with the active enzymic fraction. The lipid may be removed by digestion with phospholipase A; gross changes in the physical appearance of the purified enzyme-phospholipid complex are observed following phospholipid digestion. However, the phospholipid may be completely digested without significant loss of dehydrase activity. Many assays of the dehydrase activity have been developed. In two spectrophotometric assays, ergosterol formation is measured by absorbance at 282 nm, either directly in the reaction mixture or indirectly following saponification and extraction. Substrate disappearance and product formation have been measured both by quantitative gas-liquid chromatography and by conversion of 14C-labeled substrate into ergosterol. The rates of formation of ergosterol measured by each assay method are identical. The disappearance of substrate and the appearance of ergosterol are equimolar.
Potential Energies and Collision Integrals for the Interactions of Air Components

Transport data can be calculated from collision integrals which are thermal averages of the transport cross sections. The limiting factor in this approach has been the lack of accurate potential energy surfaces describing the pairwise interactions of the gas constituents. The accuracy achievable by ab initio calculations has improved dramatically in the last few years[1]. Here and in the following paper[2] we present an overview of the results of our extensive theoretical investigations of the interactions among the components of Earth’s atmosphere. The primary objective of these studies is the determination of accurate interaction energies and the application of these interaction energies to establish a definitive data base that leads to reliable calculations of the transport properties for gases/plasmas formed from these components.
Continuous polymerization models—part II: Batch reactor polymerization

Abstract This paper contains an analytical study of polymerization kinetics in batch reactors. A technique which considers polymer chain length as a continuous variable is employed. In a batch reactor an infinite set of ordinary differential equations is reduced to a partial differential equation. Analytical solutions of these equations are presented for a variety of linear addition polymerization mechanisms. Where analytical solutions are not possible convenient numerical schemes are employed. More complex systems, such as non-linear polyermization and block copolymerization, are investigated. A digital computor was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the continuous variable technique and to study interesting parametric phenomena. As an example of the usefulness of such studies control of molecular weight distributions in batch reactors is presented for a variety of realistic mechanisms and sets of parameters.
Analysis of HTS filters using novel nonlinear phenomenological two fluid model

A novel nonlinear phenomenological two fluid model for High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) is proposed. The model combines the physics associated with the Ginzburg-Landau expressions and the required simplicity obtained from the linear London's equations. An empirical formula for the nonlinear surface impedance is suggested based on the developed model. Analysis of HTS filter using this novel nonlinear formulation is presented.
DETERMINATION OF GAS RESERVOIR PERMEABILITIES USING A NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

Abstract A semi-automatic history matching algorithm which selects an optimum set of permeabilities for petroleum reservoir simulation was developed. The method uses a two-dimensional gas reservoir simulator and the nonlinear, gradient-based Marquardt optimization technique to iteratively minimize an objective function, a quantitative measure of the differences between model simulated and field measured pressures. Two history matching problems are presented and successfully solved by application of the algorithm. Producing and observation well placement is investigated and minimum data requirements are determined. Accurate prediction of future reservoir performance is demonstrated with reservoir zone permeabilities determined by the history matching algorithm.
Maternal Smoking Increases Xenobiotic Metabolism in Placenta but Not Umbilical Vein Endothelium

ABSTRACT. It is unclear whether placental xenobiotic metabolism can protect the human conceptus. In particular, the role of placental metabolism of toxic components of cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is poorly understood. We hypothesized that increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity observed in placentas from smokers might help clear PAHs from maternal circulation and thereby prevent transplacental induction of AHH by PAHs. Our studies of AHH activity in human placentas and umbilical vein endothelium support this premise. While AHH activity was significantly increased in placentas from smokers compared with activity in placentas from nonsmokers, AHH activity in umbilical vein endothelium from these same pregnancies was unaffected by maternal smoking and remained low. In order to confirm that AHH present in endothelium was inducible, we also demonstrated dose-dependent increases in AHH activity in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to PAHs. These findings may indicate first pass protection of the fetus by placental xenobiotic metabolism, or that endogenous factors suppress AHH induction in the fetus but not placenta.
Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate

This issue of "Endocrinology Clinics" brings the reader up to date on the latest information about hormones and cancer of the breast and prostate. The first section focuses on the breast, and topics covered include the following: the role of sex steroids and their receptors in normal breast development; estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer; hormonal mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and breast cancer; postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer; aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogen and Serms in the treatment of breast cancer; and, androgens in breast cancer in men and women. The second section is devoted to the prostate, and topics covered include the following. Overview of prostate anatomy, histology, and pathology; the critical role of sex steroids in normal prostate development; estrogens and androgens in prostate cancer development and the rationale for hormonal chemopreventive therapies; weighing the clinical evidence regarding the timing and extent of androgen ablative therapy for prostate cancer treatment; new hormonal therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer; and, the management of the side effects of castration therapy.
Hematologic Effects of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices

The extent of hematologic effects of the new continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) has not been studied. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that hemolysis and thrombosis are not common during CF-LVAD support, however, the incidence of bleeding remains a concern. The rate of postoperative bleeding is similar to that of the prior generation pulsatile LVAD, but gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia and arteriovenous malformations is more common and appears to be related to the blood flow rheology of these devices. New evidence suggests that acquired von Willebrand’s disease develops in some patients due to the reduction in high molecular weight (HMW) multimers of von Willebrand’s factor (vWF). Similar to acquired von Willebrand’s disease seen in patients with aortic stenosis, the shear stress of the CF-LVAD may cause proteolysis of the HMW multimers of vWF. In addition to acquired von Willebrand’s disease, there is activation of the fibrinolytic system and a loss of platelet numbers and function during CF-LVAD support. The hematologic responses during CF-LVAD support are constantly changing, and antiplatelet therapy may need to be adjusted accordingly. Considerable research is needed to better define the complex hematologic effects during CF-LVAD support. Screening of patients for angiodysplasia and von Willebrand’s disease before CF-LVAD implant may allow for effective preemptive treatment. Because bleeding causes significant morbidity for this population, more effective treatment strategies need to be developed.
Effects of β-2 microglobulin anti-sense oligonucleotides on sensitivity of HER2/neu oncogene-expressing and nonexpressing target cells to lymphocyte-mediated lysis

Abstract The mechanism by which HER2/neu overexpressing tumor cells resist NK, LAK, and LDCC cytotoxic lymphocytes was investigated. Resistance was not explained by a delay in kinetics of lysis, concurrent resistance to TNF, or a diminished expression of the transferrin receptor. HLA-class I expression, however, was markedly elevated compared to HER2 nonexpressing targets suggesting a reason for resistance. To test the role of class I, we selectively decreased expression by incubation of targets with β-2 microglobulin anti-sense oligonucleotides. Anti-sense-treated HER2 + targets, displaying levels of class I comparable to HER2 − targets, were still markedly resistant to cytotoxic effectors. Down-regulation of class I expression in HER2 − carcinoma cells also had no effect on sensitivity to cytotoxicity but anti-sense treatment of Raji and U937 targets resulted in enhanced sensitivity to NK and LAK effectors but not to T cells mediating LDCC. These data indicate resistance to cytotoxicity in HER2-expressing targets cannot be solely explained by heightened expression of class I. The data also support the concept that class I expression regulates sensitivity to NK and LAK cells (but not LDCC effectors) in selected targets.
Germline mosaicism at the fragile X locus

We have identified a fragile X syndrome pedigree where the disorder is associated with a molecular deletion. The deletion was present in the DNA of 2 sons but was absent in the mother`s somatic cell (lymphocyte) DNA. The results are consistent with the deletion arising as a postzygotic event in the mother, who therefore is germinally mosaic. This finding has important implications for counseling fragile X families with deletion mutations. 13 refs., 2 figs.
Chilean Feminism(s) in the 1990s Paradoxes of an Unfinished Transition

This article discusses the changes experienced by the feminist movement in post- transition Chile from the perspective of two specific issues. First, the fundamental "paradox' facing this movement today, that is, its relative success in "gender mainstreaming' together with feminism's increasing weakness as a political actor. And second, the relevance of external and internal factors in transforming feminism and the role each has played in its current situation. The article attempts to answer some of the queries posed by this two-fold process: What explains the feminist movement's absence from public spheres? Why was the movement's previous creative force not translated into renewed political power in the democratic context? What factors have contributed towards the lack of articulation among actors who had been able to form a visible movement for the rest of society in the past? And, to what extent have structural transformations conditioned the changes experienced by feminism? The article is structured i...
Nephrostomy in Cancer Patients: To Do or Not To Do?

One hundred patients who have had nephrostomies performed for obstructive uropathy in the presence of extensive carcinoma have been retrospectively analysed. Patients with prostatic and cervical carcinoma had a moderately good long-term survival and quality of life, but those with bladder carcinoma or other primary sites had poor results. Significant factors in the selection of patients for nephrostomy drainage in the presence of pelvic cancer are discussed.
What to do when the trisector comes

A trisector is a pe r son w h o has, he thinks, succeeded in d iv id ing any angle into three equal par ts us ing s t ra ightedge and compass alone. He comes w h e n he sends y o u his t r isect ion in the mail and asks y o u r op in ion , or (worse) calls y o u to discuss his work , or (worse still) shows up in person . You m a y th ink that the p r o b l e m of h o w to deal wi th tr isectors is not an i m p o r t a n t one; I in tend to show that it is. Tr isectors form a subse t of ma themat i ca l cranks , wh ich in turn are a subse t of all cranks. By " c r a n k " I m e a n wha t Augus tus D e M o r g a n mean t b y " p a r a d o x e r" in his wonder fu l book A Budget of Paradoxers: A great m a n y indiv idua ls , ever since the rise of the mathemat ica l me thod , have , each for himself , attacked its direct and indi rec t consequences . I shall call each of these pe r sons a paradoxer, and his syst em a paradox. I use the word in the old sense: a pa radox is some th ing w h i c h is apar t f rom general op in ion , e i ther in subjec t -mat ter , me thod , or conclusion. I pul led that book off a l ibrary shelf nearly th i r ty years ago not k n o w i n g wha t was in it, and it s tar ted m y interes t in cranks in general and mathemat ica l cranks in part icular . You m i g h t th ink that it would be eas ier for m a t h e m a t i c i a n s to h a n d l e c r a n k s t h a n , say , economis ts . An advocate of H e n r y George ' s single tax could argue endlessly and inconclusively, bu t the only w a y to see if the tax wou ld work would be to get a na t ion or collection of na t ions to give the idea a try. In ma themat i c s , there ough t to be less endless a rgument : g iven a " p r o o f " of Fe rmat ' s Conjecture, s o m e t h i n g like " the re is an error on page 4, line 12" should settle the mat ter , and g iven a tr isect ion, there is no need even to read as far as page 4 since there is no chance w h a t s o e v e r that it is correct. But unfor tuna te ly it is not that way . Trisectors can and do argue just as endless ly as any other cranks. By the way, if you have any tr isect ions or any works of ma themat ica l cranks I wou ld be mos t grateful to have copies. I have sough t such things out for years , and m y collection of ana lyzed t r i s ec t ions s t anda rd ized d iagrams wi th nea t letters, and compu te r pr int outs of e r ro r s i s in its second hundred . But I have the collector 's lust: I w a n t t h e m all. Quadra tu re s of the circle (the mos t popu la r target of cranks in the last century bu t now not common) , dupl ica t ions of the cube, proofs of Fermat ' s Conjecture: all are welcome.
A Simple Sentence-Level Extraction Algorithm for Comparable Data

The paper presents a novel sentence pair extraction algorithm for comparable data, where a large set of candidate sentence pairs is scored directly at the sentence-level. The sentence-level extraction relies on a very efficient implementation of a simple symmetric scoring function: a computation speed-up by a factor of 30 is reported. On Spanish-English data, the extraction algorithm finds the highest scoring sentence pairs from close to 1 trillion candidate pairs without search errors. Significant improvements in BLEU are reported by including the extracted sentence pairs into the training of a phrase-based SMT (Statistical Machine Translation) system.
Workplace slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between slip, trip and fall injuries and obesity in a population of workers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. INL is an applied engineering facility dedicated to supporting the US Department of Energy's mission. An analysis was performed on injuries reported to the INL Medical Clinic to determine whether obesity was related to an increase in slip, trip and fall injuries. Records were analysed that spanned a 6-year period (2005-2010), and included 8581 employees (mean age, 47 ± 11 years and body mass index [BMI], 29 ± 5 kg/m(2); 34% obesity rate). Of the 189 people who reported slip, trip and fall injuries (mean age, 48 ± 11 years), 51% were obese (P < 0.001 compared with uninjured employees), and their mean BMI was 31 ± 6 kg/m(2) (P < 0.001). Obesity in this population was associated with a greater rate of slip, trip and fall injuries.
Fuzzy wave vector diagram for strong acousto-optic interaction

ABSTRACT It is shown that for strong acousto-optic interaction, the conventional wave vector diagram must be replaced with a fuzzytriangle representing the dynamics in the interaction region.Keywords: Fuzzy wave vector, acousto-optic interaction, near Bragg regime. 1. INTRODUCTION It is well known that the wave vector diagram plays a ubiquitousrole in the heuristic explanation of acousto-optic interaction [1 ]. ft has been used to explain the BraggangIe phenomenon, the Doppler shift of the scattered light, the limited bandwidth of modulators anddeflectors, the ray tracing formalism for diffracted rays, the non-diffractive nature of Schlieren images of a sound field [2], and thequalitative apects of strong interaction by multiple scattering.For weak interaction in two dimensions, it is possible to attach anumerical, global description to the wave vector diagram in whichthe (complex) amplitudes of the various waves involved areconnected by a simple product rule: Scattered wave -- Incident wavex Sound wave. This is no longer the case in strong interaction; aquantitative global formalism in terms of plane waves only is nolonger possible. However the scattered spectrum may be derivedlocally in terms of the incident spectrum and the sound field -- notthe sound wave spectrum -- along the so-called Bragg lines {3].The underlying reason for this failure of the wave vector diagram togive a quantatative global description is that in the interactionregion the plane wave amplitude of evejy order (including the zerothorder) will vary along the nominal propagion direction Z due to astrong exchange of energy. In the interaction region the amplitudesare therefore expressible as Fourier spectra containing terms exp(j z)where i is a Z-directed spatial frequency. These terms multiply
A comparative analysis of multi-level computer-assisted decision making systems for traumatic injuries

This paper focuses on the creation of a predictive computer-assisted decision making system for traumatic injury using machine learning algorithms. Trauma experts must make several difficult decisions based on a large number of patient attributes, usually in a short period of time. The aim is to compare the existing machine learning methods available for medical informatics, and develop reliable, rule-based computer-assisted decision-making systems that provide recommendations for the course of treatment for new patients, based on previously seen cases in trauma databases. Datasets of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients are used to train and test the decision making algorithm. The work is also applicable to patients with traumatic pelvic injuries. Decision-making rules are created by processing patterns discovered in the datasets, using machine learning techniques. More specifically, CART and C4.5 are used, as they provide grammatical expressions of knowledge extracted by applying logical operations to the available features. The resulting rule sets are tested against other machine learning methods, including AdaBoost and SVM. The rule creation algorithm is applied to multiple datasets, both with and without prior filtering to discover significant variables. This filtering is performed via logistic regression prior to the rule discovery process. For survival prediction using all variables, CART outperformed the other machine learning methods. When using only significant variables, neural networks performed best. A reliable rule-base was generated using combined C4.5/CART. The average predictive rule performance was 82% when using all variables, and approximately 84% when using significant variables only. The average performance of the combined C4.5 and CART system using significant variables was 89.7% in predicting the exact outcome (home or rehabilitation), and 93.1% in predicting the ICU length of stay for airlifted TBI patients. This study creates an efficient computer-aided rule-based system that can be employed in decision making in TBI cases. The rule-bases apply methods that combine CART and C4.5 with logistic regression to improve rule performance and quality. For final outcome prediction for TBI cases, the resulting rule-bases outperform systems that utilize all available variables.
Engineering insights for multiplexed real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA): implications for design of point-of-care diagnostics.

Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) offers huge potential for low-cost, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices, but has been limited by high false-positive rates and the challenges of primer design. We offer a systematic analysis of NASBA design with a view toward expanding its applicability. We examine the parameters that effect dimer formations, and we provide a framework for designing NASBA primers that will reduce false-positive results and make NASBA suitable for more POC diagnostic applications. Then we compare three different oligonucleotide sets to examine (1) the inhibitory effect of dimer formations, (2) false positives with poorly designed primers, and (3) the effect of beacon target location during real-time NASBA. The required T7 promoter sequence adversely affects the reaction kinetics, although the common abridged sequence can improve kinetics without sacrificing accuracy. We demonstrate that poorly designed primers undergo real-time exponential amplification in the absence of target RNA, resulting in false positives with a time to half of the peak value (t 1/2) of 50 min compared to 45 min for true positives. Redesigning the oligonucleotides to avoid inhibitory dimers eliminated false positives and reduced the true positive t 1/2 by 10 min. Finally, we confirm the efficacy of two molecular beacon design schemes and discuss their multiplexing utility in two clinical scenarios. This study provides a pathway for using NASBA in developing POC diagnostic assays.
Clinical applications of DNA flow cytometry for bladder tumors.

Flow cytometry (FCM) is a rapidly developing technique with an increasing range of applications in medicine and biology.1 The process of staining of cell in suspensions with dyes specific for particular cellular compounds is followed by rapid flow analysis of the extent of dye binding in individual cells. FCM is widely applied for quantification of cellular DNA content." The validity of FCM analysis in the determination of abnormalities in DNA content (DNA aneuploidy) in human solid tumors is well established.v' This technique is based on the investigation of interphase cells and unlike mitotic karyotyping, is independent of cellular proliferative activity. For these reasons FCM is emerging as a powerful and practical tool for identification and quantification of cellular aneuploidy. \Ve review those aspects of FCM methodology which are relevant to the investigation of bladder tumors, with particular attention to the following topics: (1) frequency of DNA aneuploidy in bladder tumors of varying grade and stage; (2) FCM parameters as prognostic indicators for bladder tumors; and (3) the diagnostic application of FCM for benign and malignant lesions of bladder epithelium. The potential role of routine FCM analysis in the management of patients with bladder tumors also will be discussed.
The formation and polymerization behavior of (pentafluorophenyl)-cyclopentadienyl titanium compounds

Abstract [C5H4(C6F5)]CpTiCl3 (2) and [C5H4(C6F5)]2TiCl2 (4) have been synthesized and are compared with [C5H4(C6F5)]2ZrCl2 (5), CpTiCl3, Cp2TiCl2 and Cp2ZrCl2 in their ability to polymerize olefins. The half-sandwich complex 2 is formed by reaction of a trimethylsilyl intermediate with TiCl4. Similarly, the metallocene complex 4 is formed by reaction of a trimethyltin intermediate with TiCl4. EPR measurements of 2/methylaluminoxane (MAO) and 4/MAO in toluene solution indicate facile reduction to Ti(III) species occurs. It is suggested that the titanium complexes 2 and 4 with electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl substituents favor reduction during polymerizations. This would account for the high activities and stereoregularities observed with 2 for styrene, while poor activities are seen with 4 for ethylene. In general for zirconium compounds, the reduction potential is much lower compared with that of titanium compounds and may be the reason higher activities are observed with 5.
Identifying the Relevant Aspects of a Problem Text

Forty-nine subjects judged the relevancy of sentence parts of a word problem (the Allsports problem). Patterns of subjects' judgments suggest three problem-solving heuristics: a SETS heuristic, a TIME heuristic, and a QUESTION heuristic. Presentation of the question before the problem tends to suppress the SETS and TIME heuristics. A computer program (ATTEND) is presented to simulate subjects' behavior on the Allsports problem. The program is context-sensitive in that it can change a relevance judgment upon the acquisition of further information. Averaged subject judgments and ATTEND judgments agree for 87% of the items.
Synchronized rotor angle measurement of synchronous machines

A key input parameter to governor feedback control and stability protection of generators is the angle of the induced voltage internal to the generator. Current practice is to estimate this value using measurements from the terminals of the generator and mathematical models. This project aims to develop a system that would directly measure the internal angle of the generator using a rotary encoder on the shaft of the machine. This document describes the theory and experimental setup of this proposed system and outlines the test procedure of experimentation.
Collisions of the Second Kind with Excited Mercury Atoms in the 2P State

A NUMBER of experiments have recently been performed by various experimenters in which a mixture of gases containing mercury vapour as one constituent has been illuminated by light from a water-cooled quartz mercury arc. In interpreting the results of these experiments it has generally been assumed that the following process takes place. Mercury atoms first absorb radiation λ2536, an electron thereby being raised to the 2p2 state. Having reached this excited state the mercury atom may collide with one of the other atoms or molecules present and transfer its potential energy over to the other atom or molecule. The energy thus transferred may do one of several things. It may cause a molecule to dissociate; it may excite the colliding molecule or atom; it may all be changed into thermal kinetic energy of the two colliding bodies; or it may do combinations of the above.
Quantitative determination of site-specific conformational distributions in an unfolded protein by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

Abstract Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are used to investigate the structure of the 35-residue villin headpiece subdomain (HP35) in folded, partially denatured, and fully denatured states. Experiments are carried out in frozen glycerol/water solutions, with chemical denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). Without GdnHCl, two-dimensional solid-state 13 C NMR spectra of samples prepared with uniform 13 C labeling of selected residues show relatively sharp cross-peaks at chemical shifts that are consistent with the known three-helix bundle structure of folded HP35. At high GdnHCl concentrations, most cross-peaks broaden and shift, qualitatively indicating disruption of the folded structure and development of static conformational disorder in the frozen denatured state. Conformational distributions at one residue in each helical segment are probed quantitatively with three solid-state NMR techniques that provide independent constraints on backbone ϕ and ψ torsion angles in samples with sequential pairs of carbonyl 13 C labels. Without GdnHCl, the combined data are well fit by α-helical conformations. At [GdnHCl] = 4.5 M, corresponding to the approximate denaturation midpoint, the combined data are well fit by a combination of α-helical and partially extended conformations at each site, but with a site-dependent population ratio. At [GdnHCl] = 7.0 M, corresponding to the fully denatured state, the combined data are well fit by a combination of partially extended and polyproline II conformations, again with a site-dependent population ratio. Two entirely different models for conformational distributions lead to nearly the same best-fit distributions, demonstrating the robustness of these conclusions. This work represents the first quantitative investigation of site-specific conformational distributions in partially folded and unfolded states of a protein by solid-state NMR.
A New Encoding Scheme for an Absolute Digital Encoder in Units of Degrees

Cyclic codes are often used in encoders to avoid possible erroneous readings. Special attention must be paid to codes where changes in certain digits are ``irregular.'' An angular encoder that provides readings in degrees is such an example. A new cyclic encoding scheme for a degree-reading encoder is proposed in this paper. While keeping the encoding simple and efficient, the method considerably reduces the external decoding circuit requirements.
Habitat use of juvenile white sturgeon in the Kootenai River, Idaho and British Columbia

Ultrasonic telemetry was used to assess habitat features utilized by 36 endangered juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, in the lower 120 km of the Kootenai River of Idaho, USA and British Columbia, Canada during the summer and early fall of 1999 and 2000. All 36 fish were initially captured in pools using gillnets and released there, but most of the subsequent telemetry contacts were in glides, indicating these fish moved freely between the two macro-habitats. The low electivity indices indicated little preference between glides and pools. Most contacts were in glides, in the outside bend of the river channel (50%), and in or near a visually defined thalweg. Contacts were most often associated with sand substrates and no cover. Physical habitat characteristics (nose [bottom] water velocity, depth, substrate, and cover) were recorded at 168 contact locations. The combination of significantly greater velocities and depths at contact sites vs. non-contact sites (p < 0.01) indicated these fish actively found and used areas of higher velocity and greater depth within the Kootenai River. There was little cover found for fish in the river other than large sand dunes and depth. The combination of depth and nose velocity data supported the idea that large sand dunes are providing refugia in the form of velocity breaks.
Engineering computer network (ECN): a hardwired network of UNIX computer systems

This paper reports the design and operational experiences of a packet-switched local computer network developed at Purdue University. Hardwired communication links (1 mega-baud) are used to interconnect seven UNIX computer systems (two PD11/70, one VAX 11/780, and 4 PDP11/45). Over 20 microprocessors and 210 timesharing CRT terminals are connected to the seven hosts. Instead of using the UUCP protocols for dial-up UNIX networks, several protocol programs are locally developed to make possible the hardwired UNIX networking. The network provides the capabilities of virtual terminal access, remote process execution, file transfer, load balancing, and user programmed network I/O. Only at the lowest protocol level is the DDCMP of DECNET used. The network is expandable and provides appreciable bandwidth with moderate cost and low system overhead. Described in this paper are the network architecture, system components, protocol hierarchy, local UNIX extension, load balancing methods, and performance evaluation of the Purdue ECN network.
Function in the Immune System of Antigenic Peptides from S-Antigen (Arrestin)

Abstract A significant amount of information concerning immunologic domains of an antigenic molecule can be obtained by studying its peptides. We describe a method for identifying and characterizing immunologically relevant T-cell and B-cell epitopes in S-antigen, a well-characterized, highly pathogenic retinal autoantigen for the induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. The method involves the generation of peptide fragments by enzymatic treatment of native S-antigen and by the simultaneous synthesis of large numbers of peptides in small quantities for screening and testing. Peptides demonstrating T- or B-cell activity are then synthesized in large quantity for additional studies. Although useful information was obtained by the use of enzymatically generated peptides, synthetic peptides provided the greatest flexibility and specificity, allowing the precise localization of amino acid sequences of S-antigen required for a particular immunological function such as antibody binding, T-cell proliferative responses, pathogenicity, and the induction of tolerance. These studies have wide applicability to the study of other antigenic molecules and have led to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis. This, in turn, provides a basis for the processes that may be occurring in certain forms of human uveitis.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: case report with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study and review of the literature.

A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), also known as a Pindborg tumor, is a benign odontogenic neoplasm first described by the Danish pathologist, Dr Jens Pindborg, in 1955. CEOT is an uncommon, locally ggressive tumor that accounts for 0.4% to 3% of all dontogenic tumors. Since 2004, approximately 200 ases of CEOT have been reported. Because the tumor is o rare, its biological characteristics have not been adeuately studied. The authors present the case of a 50ear-old woman with CEOT and the results of immunoistochemical and electron microscopic studies.
On the prediction error variance of three common spatial interpolation schemes

Three forms of linear interpolation are routinely implemented in geographical information science, by interpolating between measurements made at the endpoints of a line, the vertices of a triangle, and the vertices of a rectangle (bilinear interpolation). Assuming the linear form of interpolation to be correct, we study the propagation of error when measurement error variances and covariances are known for the samples at the vertices of these geometric objects. We derive prediction error variances associated with interpolated values at generic points in the above objects, as well as expected (average) prediction error variances over random locations in these objects. We also place all the three variants of linear interpolation mentioned above within a geostatistical framework, and illustrate that they can be seen as particular cases of Universal Kriging (UK). We demonstrate that different definitions of measurement error in UK lead to different UK variants that, for particular expected profiles or surface...
Cardorenal syndrome: an emerging problem in pediatric critical care

The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) refers to a complex pathophysiologic state in which heart and kidney dysfunction coexist. Although a robust amount of adult literature exists, limited reports have been made regarding CRS in pediatric patients. However, CRS is increasingly being recognized as an impactful clinical problem that can have important implications regarding the need for treatment and prognosis. Although wide acceptance of a unified definition of CRS is lacking, a general consensus exists that CRS can be either primarily caused by cardiac disease with secondary effects on the kidney, or vice versa, as well as systemic conditions in which cardiac and renal disease are both considered to be secondary. Convincing data in the pediatric perioperative population have been reported, but there is a paucity of information in acute and chronic heart failure (HF), as well as acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we briefly report on the adult literature and summarize the current pediatric experience.
Issues Associated With Safe Packaging and Transport of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have long been recognized a hazardous substances by personnel working in the field. They are not, however, listed as a separate, distinct category of dangerous goods at present. As dangerous goods or hazardous substances, they require packaging and transportation practices which parallel the established practices for hazardous materials transport. Pending establishment of a distinct category for such materials by the Department of Transportation, existing consensus or industrial protocols must be followed. Action by DOT to establish appropriate packaging and transport requirements is recommended.
Ray splitting with ghost orbits: explicit, analytical and exact solution for spectra of scaling step potentials with tunnelling

In the familiar concept of ray splitting, a ray incident on an interface splits into reflected and transmitted rays. Tunnelling adds something new to ray splitting: an incident Newtonian ray splits into a reflected Newtonian ray and a transmitted ray with complex classical action?a ghost orbit. Using novel periodic-orbit expansion techniques, we are able to compute explicitly and analytically energy eigenvalues of an energy-scaling one-dimensional step potential. Inclusion of all periodic orbits in our series expansions, in particular a class of orbits called pure ghosts with imaginary classical action, makes our formulae exact. We suggest an experiment that may be used to verify the importance of pure ghosts.
The Effect of Cimetidine Dose Timing on Oral Propranolol Kinetics in Adults

Ten healthy male volunteers completed a study to determine the effect of cimetidine dose timing on the oral clearance of propranolol. Propranolol HCl 160 mg as tablets, was administered daily at 8 AM for 4 consecutive days on three occasions. In addition, cimetidine HCl 800 mg as tablets, was administered either simultaneously in the morning with propranolol (8 AM), at bedtime (10 PM), or not at all (control). Each treatment was separated by at least a 3-day washout. Propranolol and cimetidine serum samples were measured over the 24-hour dosing interval after the last propranolol dose. Cimetidine administration at 8 AM and 10 PM was associated with significant mean increases in the propranolol area under the serum concentration-time curve of 26% and 41%, respectively (P less than .002). The mean elimination half-life of propranolol was 6.3 hours during all three treatments. There was no significant difference in area under cimetidine serum concentration time curve between 8 AM and 10 PM dosing. Dosing cimetidine at bedtime 10 hours before propranolol does not diminish the magnitude of interaction.
Dichorionic, diamnionic twin pregnancy discordant for anencephaly: Report of two cases and literature review.

Anencephaly is a lethal diagnosis. In the unique situation of a twin pregnancy discordant for anencephaly, early ultrasound diagnosis based on discrepancy in appearance of the heads can facilitate management and potentially decrease morbidity and mortality for the unaffected twin. We report two cases of dichorionic, diamniotic twin pregnancies discordant for anencephaly and provide a review of the literature.
The Bratislava metropolitan region

Abstract Although small as compared with other national capital regions, the Bratislava Metropolitan Region’s (BMRs) location in southwestern Slovakia and at the confluence of four Central and Eastern European nations (CEE), has for centuries placed it at the center of Europe’s major politico-ideological and military battles. Nevertheless, despite its strategic location and its central role in Slovakia’s rise to European Union (EU) and European Monetary Union (EMU) status, relatively little has been written about it in English. This profile attempts to help rectify this situation by chronicling some of the region’s historical milestones and describing how the joint efforts of the Slovak Government, Volkswagen (VW), and other foreign automakers, have transformed the post-Socialist BMR into a vibrant hub for capitalist automotive production.
Cerebellar deficits and hyperactivity in mice lacking Smad4.

Smad4 is a central mediator of TGF-β signals, which are known to play essential roles in many biological processes. Using a Cre-loxP approach to overcome early embryonic lethality, we have studied functions of TGF-β/Smad4 signals in the central nervous system (CNS). No obvious deficits were detected in mice carrying the targeted disruption of Smad4 in the CNS. The overall morphology of the hippocampus appeared normal. There was no change in the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells, nor in several forms of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, deletion of Smad4 resulted in a marked decrease in the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells and parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Accompanied by the abnormality in the cerebellum, mutant mice also exhibited significantly increased vertical activity. Thus, our study reveals an unexpected role for Smad4 in cerebellar development and in the control of motor function.
Femtosecond induced transparency and absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by coherent coupling of the He 2s2p (1Po) and 2p2 (1Se) double excitation states with 800 nm light

Abstract Femtosecond high-order harmonic transient absorption spectroscopy is used to observe electromagnetically induced transparency-like behavior as well as induced absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by laser dressing of the He 2s2p ( 1 P o ) and 2p 2 ( 1 S e ) double excitation states with an intense 800 nm field. Probing in the vicinity of the 1s 2 → 2s2p transition at 60.15 eV reveals the formation of an Autler–Townes doublet due to coherent coupling of the double excitation states. Qualitative agreement with the experimental spectra is obtained only when optical field ionization of both double excitation states into the N = 2 continuum is included in the theoretical model. Because the Fano q -parameter of the unperturbed probe transition is finite, the laser-dressed He atom exhibits both enhanced transparency and absorption at negative and positive probe energy detunings, respectively.
The Community Action Framework in Practice: An Illustration Based on the Ready by 21 Coalition of Austin/Travis County

The field of positive youth development has expanded focus from articulating and measuring desired manifestations of positive well-being to assembling the environmental conditions known to promote these desired outcomes. Evidence of the effectiveness of community-level efforts promoting positive youth development is still emerging, in particular theory-driven examples of community-driven youth development. This study examined the Community Action Framework, one theory-based community youth development model, through the experiences of the Ready by 21 Austin/Travis County coalition (RB21). The coalition connects youth-serving organizations and also regional coalitions, while promoting the positive development of area youth. Participant observation, interviewing, and archival strategies were integrated to capture information related to the complex and dynamic coalition. Results indicated that RB21 represents a practical and meaningful application of the Community Action Framework. Specific examples and reco...
Modeling Mass Transport in Axonal Transport Drug Delivery

This paper presents a model of targeted drug delivery. The model is based on recent experimental results that reported synthesis and pharmacological efficiency tests of a tri-partite complex designed for axonal transport drug delivery. The developed model accounts for two populations of pharmaceutical agent complexes (PACs). The first population of PACs includes those that are transported retrogradely by dynein motors and the second population of PACs includes those that are accumulated in the axon at the Nodes of Ranvier. The transitions between these two populations of PACs are described by first-order reactions. Laplace transform is utilized to obtain an analytical solution of the coupled system of transient equations describing conservations of these two populations of PACs. Results for various combinations of parameter values are presented and their physical significance is discussed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME