cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A thermally stable nitrogen-rich energetic material—3,4,5-triamino-1-tetrazolyl-1,2,4-triazole (TATT)

The nitrogen-rich energetic material 3,4,5-triamino-1-tetrazolyl-1,2,4-triazole (TATT) was synthesized from diaminoguanidine using a straightforward method. The assumption that a 1,2,4-triazole ring is an intermediate in the one-pot reaction is supported by the synthesis of TATT from an analogous reaction of 3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazole with cyanogen azide. TATT·HNO3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system P21/c. TATT has excellent thermal stability which resembles triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), but with a higher positive heat of formation and greater impact insensitivity.
A Previously Undescribed Role for Luteinizing Hormone (LH:hCG) on Follicular Cell Differentiation

Experiments were designed to determine if an ovulatory dose of human CG (hCG) could act on ovarian preantral follicles to modify the ability of FSH to stimulate follicular growth and to increase the number of gonadotropic hormone receptors in granulosa cells. Hypophysectomized, immature rats were primed with 2.0 mg estradiol or vehicle for 3 days. Subsequently, groups of rats received either 2 μg human FSH (hFSH), 5 IU hCG, hFSH followed 12 h later by hCG, or hCG followed 12 h later by hFSH. In estradiol-primed rats hFSH stimulated a transitory increase in granulosa cell LH receptor by 24 h and an 1.5-fold increase in FSH receptor by 12 h. hCG alone had little or no effect. In contrast, hCG followed by hFSH stimulated a dramatic 15-fold increase in LH receptor by 36 h, a 3-fold increase in FSH receptor by 48 h, and marked development of antral follicles. hFSH followed by hCG also resulted in pronounced follicular growth and marked increases in LH and FSH receptors in granulosa cells. Neither estradiol (2....
Use of holography in medical education

Because of their high impact and sharpness, we believe that holograms make better teaching tools than conventional images, and one day will be common in medical texts and journals. To be maximally effective, often there must be labels or arrows within the images. Ideally these should be applied when the master is made, but they can be affixed to the image plane copy at a later date. Because of the constraints of the holographic medium, lacking a pulsed laser, one is limited to making images of rigid objects such as bones and anatomical models, though the technique of plastination makes tissue specimens solid enough to make acceptable images with continuous beam lasers. 1 . Putting the label in the master Using continuous beam lasers, the labels must be rigidly affixed to the platform holding the specimen. If the object is inflexible—such as a bone— the label or arrow can be glued directly to it. Reusable adhesives (such as FUN TAK) work reasonably well , though permanent glues are better. If the specimen is plastinated tissue—which is somewhat elastic—the label must be affixed to the base which is fastened to the table. 2. Adding a marker to an image plane copy. If one already has a hologram and wishes to put a label on it, press-on letters and arrows can be applied and burnished to the glass plate. The characters should be affixed to the front or non-emulsion side before the back side is painted black. Once it is painted it is virtually impossible to see where in the image one is putting the letters.
High nuclear temperatures by antimatter-matter annihilation

Abstract Using two rather different approaches the temperature of nuclear matter has been calculated as a function of the momentum of incident antiprotons and antideuterons. The results of this study show that a high temperature can be achieved by raising the beam momentum above 2 GeV c . For incident momentum of the order of 6 GeV c , temperatures of the magnitude necessary to study the possible quark-gluon plasma phase transition are reached.
Successful treatment of bacterial endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract A successfully treated case of Pseudomonas endocarditis following cardiac surgery has been presented. Only 6 other cases successfully treated have been found in the available literature. This represents the seventh reported case of cure. Recovery is ascribed to the concurrent administration of polymyxin B and cephalothin. Colistimethate sodium when administered with cephalothin was ineffective. Complications encountered were pain and induration in the buttocks owing to repeated intramuscular injections of cephalothin, and drug fever, possibly related to the intramuscular injections. Marked eosinophilia was also noted.
Inferring Market Structure with Aggregate Data: A Latent Segment Logit Approach

In this paper, the authors introduce a “latent segment logit” (LSL) model that allows the identification of latent market segments when only macro-level time-series data (e.g., market share or sales, not individual choices) are available. The proposed model provides a paramorphic representation of market structure, based on the notion that “structure” implies heterogeneity in preferences and/or response to marketing mix elements. It assumes that independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) holds within latent segments (i.e., segments are homogeneous) but allows for heterogeneity across segments. Estimates for segment characteristics (including size, brand preferences, and sensitivity to marketing mix variables) are obtained by applying the model to aggregated longitudinal panel data. Validation tests are conducted on both the aggregated and disaggregated panel data. Aggregate validation demonstrates that the model is superior to standard market share models in terms of calibration and predictive fit. Disaggregated validation demonstrates that the latent segments recovered by the model account for much of the variation across household purchase histories, even though these data were not utilized in the estimation.
TEMPORAL ESTIMATION IN THE PERCEPTION OF OCCLUDED MOTION

Ss were shown a rectangular object which moved transversely across their field of view and passed behind an opaque screen. The purpose was to investigate some of the factors affecting estimates of the time required for the occluded moving object to travel a given distance behind the screen. The factors selected for study were (1) method of viewing the moving object (pursuit, static fixation), (2) background structure (homogeneous, textured), and (3) object size. According to previous studies, these variables affect the perceived speed of a moving object and might therefore be expected to affect estimates of the duration of occluded traversal. The results did not show statistically significant differences among experimental groups, although data trends are discussed. An additional finding was that Ss significantly overestimated the duration of occluded traversal, consistent with a tendency to overestimate traversal distance. The experiment is related to Michotte's studies of “amodal perception” and discuss...
Antigen-induced in vitro inhibition of immune responsiveness.

Abstract Addition of the dinitrophenyl derivative of the copolymer of d -glutamic acid and d -lysine (DNP- d -GL) or dinitrophenyl bovine γ-globulin (DNP-BGG) to spleen cell cultures specifically inhibited their capacity to produce an anti-DNP plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to the T-independent antigen dinitrophenylated polyacrylamide beads (DNP-PAA) or to the T-dependent antigen TNP-burro erythrocytes. The degree of unresponsiveness was dependent upon the tolerogen concentration and the duration over which the tolerogen was present in the culture. Treatment with rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum and complement did not alter the induction of unresponsiveness suggesting a state of B-cell tolerance. Culture of spleen cells for 4 days in the absence of antigen led to the appearance of nonspecific suppressor activity which was demonstrable by its effect on the response of fresh spleen cells to antigen. Preculture in the presence of the immunogen DNP-PAA induced both nonspecific and specific suppressor activities. Induction of specific suppressor activity was not prevented by the presence of the tolerogen DNP- D -GL in the culture. The suppressor activity resided in an adherent T-cell population and did not appear to require macrophages for its induction.
Reflections on queer studies and queer pedagogy.

(2003). Reflections on Queer Studies and Queer Pedagogy. Journal of Homosexuality: Vol. 45, No. 2-4, pp. 361-364.
"We Have a Duty": The Supreme Court and the Watergate Tapes Litigation

Preface The Supreme Court in the Political System The Watergate Scandal Unfolds The Supreme Court in 1974: Personae, Process and Politics The Critical Issues: Separation of Powers, Executive Privilege, and Judicial Review (Revisited) U.S. v. Nixon, I: The Duty to Hear the Case U.S. v. Nixon, II: Written Briefs and Oral Arguments U.S. v. Nixon, III: The Substantive Debate among the Brethren Executive Privilege: The Court's Fashioning of an Inherent Presidential Power Selected Bibliography Index
Business Ethics Perspectives: Faculty Plagiarism and Fraud

Faculty plagiarism and fraud are widely documented occurrences but little analysis has been conducted. This article addresses the question of why faculty plagiarism and fraud occurs and suggests approaches on how to develop an environment where faculty misconduct is socially inappropriate. The authors review relevant literature, primarily in business ethics and student cheating, developing action steps that could be applied to higher education. Based upon research in these areas, the authors posit some actions that would be appropriate in higher education and suggest topics for continued study.
Early Cretaceous Arc Sedimentation and Volcanism in Coastal Ranges, Central Peru: ABSTRACT

The late Valanginian Pucusana Formation in central Peru consists of more than 800 m of pyroclastic breccias, lapillistones, tuffs, and interbedded flows of intermediate to basic composition. Minor amounts of limestone, marl, and laminated gypsum occur toward the top of the formation. This unit records the construction and lateral facies relations of a single arc vent and its stratovolcano cone. Field evidence indicates volcanism under subaerial to subaqueous conditions. Four facies in the formation represent different processes and environments of deposition. Facies A is non-welded structureless pyroclastic debris up to 50 cm in diameter. The largest size of the clasts was controlled not only by the distance from the volcanic vent but also by differences in the eruption style. The lack of welding is indicative of emplacement of these breccias in a cool state, probably by air fall and debris flowage very close to volcanic vent. Facies B consists of massive pyroclastic breccias in units showing reverse grading and matrix support. The material was deposited by debris flows originating on the flanks of the volcano. Facies C includes well-stratified lapilli and pyroclastic debris generally less than 6 cm in diameter, deposited subaqueously around the volcano by high-density turbidity currents. Facies D consists of well-stratified fine-grained tuff and granule to pebble breccia deposited by relatively diluted turbidity currents. Near the top of the section, there are some interbedded fossiliferous and oolitic limestones and laminated gypsum representing a more distal marine facies. These facies document lateral changes from proximal subaerial to distal subaqueous conditions and a secular decrease in the rate of volcanic activity. Modal analysis indicates a relatively homogeneous composition of an intermediate calc-alkaline magma. The volcanic source was apparently related to Cretaceous subduction beneath western South America. This sequence provides an excellent example of vent-to-basin facies in an arc setting. End_of_Article - Last_Page 668------------
Activation of ras genes in human tumors does not affect localization, modification, or nucleotide binding properties of p21

Abstract A comparison of proteins encoded by normal human ras genes and by mutant ras H or ras K genes activated in human carcinomas revealed no changes in subcellular localization, posttranslational modification, or guanine nucleotide binding associated with activation. Subcellular fractionation indicated that both normal and activated ras proteins were associated exclusively with the membrane fraction. Furthermore, both normal and activated ras proteins exhibited similar degrees of posttranslational acylation. The K D for dGTP binding was 1.0–2.2 × 10 −8 M, with no consistent differences between normal and activated ras proteins. In addition, a survey of 13 possible competing nucleotides revealed no differences in the specificity of nucleotide binding associated with ras gene activation. These results indicate that structural mutations which activate ras gene transforming activity do not alter the protein's known biochemical parameters and in particular do not affect the protein's intrinsic ability to bind guanine nucleotides.
Increased incidence of cardiovascular conditions among older adults with pathological gambling features in a prospective study.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prospective associations between at-risk/problem/pathological gambling (ARPG) and incident medical conditions among older adults. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, waves 1 and 2, collected from 2001 to 2002 and 2004 to 2005, respectively. Participants are adults aged 55 years and older (n = 10,231) who were selected from a nationally representative community sample of adults residing in the United States. Past-year diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling at wave 1 were evaluated with the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition. Physical health conditions were assessed at wave 1 and wave 2. Logistic regression modeling was conducted on groups categorized as ARPG (participants endorsing 1 or more inclusionary criteria for pathological gambling) and non-ARPG (nongambling/low-frequency gambling or gambling without endorsement of pathological gambling criteria). RESULTS Relative to non-ARPG, ARPG is prospectively associated with elevated incidences of arteriosclerosis and any heart condition, independently of wave-1 sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, substance use, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Older adults who demonstrate risky or problematic levels of gambling may be at particular risk for the onset of some physical health conditions. Individuals with at-risk/problem/pathological gambling features should be monitored more closely for the development of these conditions and encouraged to adopt activities that confer health benefits. Efforts should be made to educate older adults and their caretakers on the adverse incident physical health conditions associated with ARPG.
Syntactic priming during language comprehension in three- and four-year-old children

Abstract We report two sets of experiments that demonstrate syntactic priming from comprehension to comprehension in young children. Children acted out double-object and prepositional-object dative sentences while we monitored their eye movements. We measured whether hearing one type of dative as a prime influenced children’s online interpretation of subsequent dative utterances. In target sentences, the onset of the direct object noun was consistent with both an animate recipient and an inanimate theme, creating a temporary ambiguity in the argument structure of the verb (double-object e.g., Show the horse the book; prepositional-object e.g., Show the horn to the dog). The first set of experiments demonstrated priming in four-year-old children (M = 4.1), both when the same verb was used in prime and target sentences (Experiment 1a) and when different verbs were used (Experiment 1b). The second set found parallel priming in three-year-old children (M = 3.1). These results indicate that young children employ abstract structural representations during online sentence comprehension.
Singular stress concentrations in plane Cosserat elasticity

Auf Grund der Cossertschen Elastizitatstheorie werden exakte Losungen gegeben fur den singularen Teil des Spannungsfeldes in der Halbebene unter konzentrierten Normal-und Tangentiallasten und unter diskontinuierlichen normalen und tangentialen Oberflachenbelastungen.
An investigation of the involvement of histaminergic systems in novelty-induced grooming in the mouse

The behavioral effects of histamine agonists and antagonists were investigated in mice subjected to handling, injections, and transport to a novel observation chamber. Relative to control mice subjected to this treatment, mice treated with various doses of an H1 histamine receptor agonist or an H2 receptor antagonist displayed significantly elevated levels of grooming. On the other hand, treatments with either an H1 histamine antagonist or H2 receptor agonist attenuated stress-induced grooming. These effects of histaminergic agents were probably not due to their general effects on behavioral arousal, but rather may be specific to neurohumoral mechanisms mediating grooming. We have postulated that H1 histamine receptor activation is involved in the excessive grooming induced by the stressor of being handled and placed in a novel environment, whereas H2 receptor activation attenuates this phenomenon via inhibitory control of H1 histamine neural elements.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional fitting of enzyme kinetic data with the kalman filter

Abstract The availability of instrumentation which is capable of collecting multidimensional data has put increased demands on the data-processing methods utilized to obtain information about reaction kinetics. An enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the hydrolysis of p -nitrophenyl phosphate to p -nitrophenol, is examined so that various data-processing methods and data-collection formats can be examined and compared. The extended Kalman filter is used to obtain rate constants and values for the initial substrate concentration for three-dimensional data, and for two-dimensional kinetically perturbed data. In addition, non-linear least-squares regression with the simplex algorithm, and linear least-squares regression methods are used to analyze absorbance/time curves for this reaction. These results are compared to the results from a two-point kinetic method, and the accuracy and precision of each of the methods is evaluated. It is found that the methods based on the Kalman filter yielded results which were equivalent to or better than the results obtained from the other approaches.
Social Action, Radical Dialectics, and Popular Protests: Treatment of African American Leaders and Intellectuals by the Press

Ever wonder why Molefe Asante, credited with more than two dozen books, is often dismissed by the press in favor of Henry Louis Gates, who is published markedly less. Alternatively, consider the recent meeting called with the executive board of the United Dairy Farmers (UDF) by several leaders of the civil rights establishment in the United States, consisting of Jesse Jackson, Operation PUSH, Joseph Lowery of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Kwame Enfeme of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and others, a meeting that resulted in a boycott. The meeting, by itself, although not that significant, was significant if one considers who got most of the press. Although each of the civil rights leaders had an active voice in calling the meeting and participating in it, only one emerged on TV screens throughout America-Jesse Jackson. Based on this news coverage, the average American was left with the impression that Jesse Jackson had met with UDF and had decided to call for a boycott of their operations. Although this was certainly not so, it does bring into focus an interesting process under which certain voices were heard. Others were rendered silent or, rather, not heard.
A CFD Analysis of Easterly Wind Flow Impacting the Vehicle Assembly Building

In an attempt to explain the high loss of panels from the south face of the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) during Hurricane Frances, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) model was developed to simulate local velocity and pressure distributions resulting from such a storm. A preconditioned compressible Navier-Stokes flow solver 1 was used to compute the flow field around the VAB complex, including the Launch Control Center, the Low and High Bays of the VAB, and several outbuildings in the immediate LC-39 area. The mapping of the forces and velocities on and along the affected faces of the VAB correlated surprisingly well with the extensive damage areas realized on both on the south face and on the southeast section of the roof. The model results were also consistent with the minimal damage seen on the east, north, and west faces of the structure.
Synthesis of unsymmetrical dipyrrolyl sulfides

Abstract The preparation of unsymmetrical dipyrrolyl sulfides bearing electron-withdrawing groups at the α-position is described.
COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING CURRICULA: NEEDS AND ISSUES

Rapid advances in computer software and hardware have provided engineers with a powerful means of processing, storing, retrieving, and displaying data. This has made computer science a growing and essential part of nearly every engineering discipline. The effective use of computers in engineering processes and applications is recognized by many as the key to increased individual, company, and national productivity. This paper presents the results of a survey that was conducted by the ASCE Task Committee on Computing Education to assess computing needs in the civil engineering profession and to assess the current undergraduate computing curriculum in civil engineering education. The survey results presented in this paper can be used as a guide by educators who wish to enhance the computing aspects of their engineering curricula and by engineering firms that are evaluating the educational profile of new graduates. The goal is to enable students to possess, in addition to their engineering skills, both the a...
Analytical and Numerical Aspects of Certain Nonlinear Evolution Equations. I. Analytical

Abstract Nonlinear partial difference equations are obtained which have as limiting forms the nonlinear Schrodinger, Korteweg-deVries and modified Korteweg-deVries equations. These difference equations have a number of special properties. They are constructed by methods related to the inverse scattering transform. They can be used as a basis for numerical schemes to the associated nonlinear evolution equations. Experiments have shown that they compare very favorably with other known numerical methods (papers II, III). In paper II, the Ablowitz-Ladik scheme for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation is compared to other known numerical schemes, and generally proved to be faster than all utilized finite difference schemes but somewhat slower than the finite Fourier (pseudospectral) methods. In paper III, a proposed scheme for the Korteweg-de Vries equation proved to be faster than both the finite difference and finite Fourier methods already considered.
The predictive value of spirometry. Identifying patients at risk for lung cancer in the primary care setting

Spirometry can predict lung health and monitor disease and response to therapy. This noninvasive test can and should be done regularly by primary care providers. It can identify patients at risk for lung cancer as well as heart attack and stroke. Patients with abnormal spirometric findings can be warned that airflow obstruction has begun, which may provide the motivation to quit smoking. Abnormal spirometry measurements correlate with all-cause mortality. Approaches to early diagnosis of lung cancer continue to expand. For example, use of the new fluorescent bronchoscope can increase diagnostic accuracy in lung cancer by highlighting lesions that are malignant or likely to be malignant. For now, however, identification of airflow obstruction with spirometry and follow-up with sputum cytology provide the widest benefit.
Nonprofits as Local Government Service Contractors

Despite the growing role that contracts with nonprofits play in local service delivery, only limited attention has been directed to why some cities rely more on nonprofit organizations to produce services or how political institutions influence the role nonprofits play in service delivery. To investigate these issues, the authors present a transaction cost explanation that focuses on how political system characteristics and structures of service markets shape the costs of negotiating, monitoring, and enforcing contracts for local governments. The findings indicate that forms of government, mayoral turnover, racial segregation, and the market of nonprofit producers influence the role of nonprofits in delivering elder services, but decisions to contract exclusively with nonprofits are subject to different influences than decisions to jointly produce service with a nonprofit organization.
The Hanle Effect as a Diagnostic of Magnetic Fields in Stellar Envelopes. III. Including the Finite Star Depolarization Effect

The Hanle effect is a relatively new magnetic diagnostic in stellar astrophysics. Although a substantial literature exists for applications of the Hanle effect in solar studies, the Hanle effect is only a fledgling subject in stellar astrophysics, with previous work focusing on simplistic cases to isolate the magnetic effects on polarized resonance scattering line profiles. In particular, applications to stars have treated the star as a point source of illumination. This paper carries the work forward by considering the consequences of finite stellar size for the line polarization. An approach based on intensity moments is derived. For optically thin line scattering and a star that is uniformly bright, the effect of finite star illumination is shown to produce the familiar finite star depolarization factor found by Cassinelli, Nordsieck, & Murison in 1987 for Thomson scattering by free electrons. An illustrative case is examined to show how the depolarization factor and magnetic field distribution affect the spatial sensitivity of the Hanle effect as a magnetic diagnostic.
D/H variations of meteoric waters in Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.

Abstract Meteoric waters in the vicinity of Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. exhibit a wide range of δD-values. Local precipitation, sampled on a monthly basis, over a 2-yr. period had δD-values ranging between − 158 and − 6‰ with the most negative values in the winter months and the most positive in the summer. Waters of the Rio Grande at Albuquerque ranged in δD from − 103 to − 79‰ over the same 2-yr. period. However, for about half the sample period, Rio Grande δD-values were within 2‰ of a “baseline” value of − 92‰. The most negative Rio Grande δD-values were produced by the contribution of spring meltwater, while runoff from summer rain produced positive shifts in the river-water δD-values. The principal components of local groundwater recharge have significantly different δD-values: (1) average Rio Grande water with δD of − 92‰; and (2) recharge from the Sandia and Manzano Mountains with δD-values of − 83 to − 70‰. Groundwater δD-values in the local aquifer (the Upper Tertiary Santa Fe Formation) vary from − 104 to − 77‰ over a horizontal distance of 20 km. The δD data suggest that there are distinct domains of groundwater within the Santa Fe Formation which retain their isotopic identities over relatively long time scales. Isotopic differences between these domains seem to reflect the differences in their respective local sources of recharge. The most negative δD-values appear to characterize deeper groundwater in the domain of Rio Grande recharge and may reflect climatic conditions different from those at present.
Inclusive Postsecondary Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities: A Review of the Literature

One out of every 11 postsecondary undergraduates report having a disability, and students with learning disabilities are the largest and fastest growing subgroup of this population. Although facult...
Sales management coaching: a model for improved insurance company performance.

Abstract Of all the things sales managers do to develop salespeople, many people believe the most important one is coaching. Coaching is defined as using skills, experience, and direction to help someone improve their performance. Coaching consists primarily of giving people feedback to reinforce what they do well while suggesting ways and means to improve. Coaching implies that everybody can improve and hopefully everybody wants to get better at what they do. Many sales managers erroneously believe that they have to be better than the person they are coaching at the skill set they are discussing in order to be a useful coaching resource to that person. To be a good coach requires an understanding of the skills being discussed and a desire to help someone improve in the performance of their job. The sales manager who knows how to provide that feedback will have more productive, effective, satisfied, and motivated salespeople. This paper provides an overview of the coaching sequence and the skills required...
SeqMap: mapping massive amount of oligonucleotides to the genome

Summary: SeqMap is a tool for mapping large amount of short sequences to the genome. It is designed for finding all the places in a reference genome where each sequence may come from. This task is essential to the analysis of data from ultra high-throughput sequencing machines. With a carefully designed index-filtering algorithm and an efficient implementation, SeqMap can map tens of millions of short sequences to a genome of several billions of nucleotides. Multiple substitutions and insertions/deletions of the nucleotide bases in the sequences can be tolerated and therefore detected. SeqMap supports FASTA input format and various output formats, and provides command line options for tuning almost every aspect of the mapping process. A typical mapping can be done in a few hours on a desktop PC. Parallel use of SeqMap on a cluster is also very straightforward. Contact: ude.drofnats@gnowhw
19F NMR Study of the Uptake of 2′-Fluoro-5-methyl-β-l-arabinofuranosyluracil in Erythrocytes: Evidence of Transport by Facilitated and Nonfacilitated Pathways

Abstract The 19 F NMR resonances of intra- and extracellular 2′-fluoro-5-methyl-β- l -arabinofuranosyluracil ( l -FMAU) in suspensions of human erythrocytes are well resolved. This phenomenon allows its transport behavior to be monitored in a 19 F NMR time-course experiment. The rate of l -FMAU uptake at 25° in a suspension containing l -FMAU at an initial extracellular concentration of 4 mM was 7.6 ± 1.0 × 10 −7 pmol cell −1 sec −1 ( N = 5). Concentration-dependent uptake studies of l -FMAU indicate the existence of both saturable and nonsaturable transport mechanisms, with a K m for the saturable uptake of approximately 1 mM. Although the transport of l -FMAU at 25° was inhibited significantly (54–65%) by nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI) and dipyridamole, consistent with the participation of the nucleoside transporter, these inhibitors did not achieve complete blockage of l -FMAU uptake. The participation of the nucleobase transporter in l -FMAU uptake was ruled out by the absence of competition with uracil uptake, and by the lack of inhibition by papaverine. In addition, the NBTI-insensitive uptake of l -FMAU was not affected by pretreatment of the cells with the sulfhydryl reagent, p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (pCMBS). However, the NBTI- and dipyridamole-insensitive transport of l -FMAU was found to increase upon treatment of the erythrocytes with butanol, an agent that affects membrane fluidity. The partition coefficient of l -FMAU in octanol/phosphate-buffered saline determined by absorption spectrophotometry was 0.31. These data indicate that under the conditions of the studies, l -FMAU uptake by erythrocytes proceeds by both the nucleoside transporter and nonfacilitated membrane diffusion.
Nuclear Genes of Human Complex I of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain: State of the Art

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) consists of four multi-subunit enzyme complexes. Complex I or NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, the largest mtETC multisubunit complex, consists of approximately 41 subunits. Seven of these subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial genome, the remainder by the nuclear genome. Among the mitochondriocytopathies, complex I deficiencies are encountered frequently. Although some complex I deficiencies have been associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations, the genetic defect has not been elucidated in the majority of complex I-deficient patients. It is expected that many of these patients have mutations in the nuclear-encoded subunits of this complex, so vital for cellular energy production. After a brief summary of the current knowledge of complex I from cow, bacteria and fungi, this review presents the state of the art of the knowledge of the human nuclear-encoded complex I genes which, in the last 18 months, has made enormous progress. At present, the complete gene structure of four subunits and the cDNA structure of 18 of the 34 complex I nuclear-encoded subunits are known. Mapping of these subunits shows a random distribution over the chromosomes. The chromosomal localization is known for 14 complex I genes. Recently, the first mutation, a 5 bp duplication in the 18 kDa (AQDQ) subunit, has been reported. We expect that within 1 year all human nuclear-encoded complex I subunits will be cloned. Mutational analysis of these subunits is warranted in complex I-deficient patients and will not only be important for genetic counselling but will also extend the knowledge regarding the functional properties of the individual human complex I subunits.
Wholesale power marketing in restructured electricity markets

Abstract Prior to 1992, very few people had heard the term power marketing. Today, power marketing is well-recognized, however, few people know what is behind the industry’s exponential growth. This communication, which is based on a major study recently completed for the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), explains what power marketing is, who the power marketers are, what they do, and what’s behind the industry’s explosive growth in the past few years. It also explains what types of products and services power marketers offer, and what are the fundamental drivers of this demand. Understanding the last item is particularly significant, namely the growth of power marketing in the context of the rapid restructuring of the wholesale – soon to be followed by the retail – electricity markets in the US.
How Do Acquirers Retain Successful Target CEOs? The Role of Governance

The resource-based view argues that acquisitions can build competitive advantage partially through retention of valuable human capital of the target firm. However, making commitments to retain and motivate successful top managers is a challenge when contracts are not enforceable. Investigating the conditions under which target chief executive officers (CEOs) are retained in a sample of mergers in the 1990s, we find greater retention of better-performing and higher-paid CEOs---both measures of valuable human capital. We also show that the performance-retention link is stronger when the acquirer's governance provisions support managers and when the acquirer's CEO owns more equity. Although it is not common for acquirers to retain target CEOs, we argue that they are more likely to do so when their governance environment maintains managerial discretion. Based on a joint analysis of retention and governance, our findings are largely consistent with a managerial human capital explanation of retention. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
A concept of IVHS in commercial vehicle operation: The HELP/Crescent program

The HELP Program and Crescent Demonstration Project is a bi-national multi-jurisdictional cooperative research and demonstration project involving the public and private sectors in an application of advancing technologies in the creation of an integrated heavy vehicle management system with applications to both highway and vehicle systems. This initiative is a leading example of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) in commercial vehicle operations (CVO). The selected technologies are being integrated into a heavy vehicle management system. These technologies include: (1) automatic vehicle identification(AVI), (2) weigh-in-motion (WIM), (3) automatic vehicle classification (AVC), (4) data communication networks and systems integration. The program, initiated approximately eight years ago, consists of three phases which include assessing the feasibility of the concept, technical studies involving laboratory and field tests, and, lastly, the demonstration phase. Perhaps the most significant activity of this project centers on the subject of institutional arrangements associated with the integration of emerging technologies with current operational policies and practices, within both government and industry sectors. The demonstration element of the program, referred to as the Crescent Demonstration Project, began in 1991 and involves six U.S. states and one Canadian province. The project will be phased into a full scale operation over the next three years. It is estimated that the cost of this program to date is approximately $20 million shared by both industry and government in testing this landmark program. This paper provides an overview of the program and the components of the implementation plan.
A specialized computer architecture for text retrieval

This paper describes a specialized computer architecture for text retrieval that provides a wide range of query capabilities, without the use of indexes of the material retrieved. A distributed approach is employed, with direct search processors. Each search processor is closely associated with one or more disk drives that store the data to be searched and each consists of a comparator for matching query terms, logic elements to combine query terms, a disk controller and a control minicomputer.The key element of the architecture is the comparator, which can store over 64,000 characters of query terms and compare all of these terms simultaneously with data arriving from a disk continuously at more than one million bytes per second. Exact match, partical match, numeric comparison and context limitation are among the capabilities provided. The comparator is implemented as three similar universal finite-state automata, with special features to facilitate text retrieval and reduce hardware costs.A breadboard version of the system with one searcher is operational and has undergone detailed evaluation. A prototype system with two searchers is being implemented and will be placed into regularly scheduled use.
Target-mediated metabolism and target-mediated drug disposition of the DPPIV inhibitor AMG 222.

Pharmacokinetic and metabolism aspects of AMG 222 interaction with target enzyme, dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) were investigated.Inhibition of recombinant human DPPIV by AMG 222 was measured. IC50 decreased as preincubation time increased. koff, kon and Kd were measured. Dilution assay indicated a long dissociation half-life (730 min) relative to DPPIV inhibitor vildagliptin. AMG 222 is a slow-on, tight-binding, slowly reversible inhibitor of DPPIV.Amide and acid metabolites arising from hydrolysis of AMG 222’s cyano group were formed slowly by rhDPPIV, but not by microsomes or S9. The amide metabolite was converted to the acid metabolite by rhDPPIV, but not by an active site mutant. These metabolites of AMG 222 are formed by target-mediated metabolism of the cyano group, similar to vildagliptin.Human plasma protein binding of [14C]AMG 222 was saturable and concentration-dependent. After 30 min, [14C]AMG 222 was 80.8% bound at 1 nM and binding decreased to 29.4% above 100 nM. The plasma DPPIV concentrat...
Applied sustainability in services and operations in higher learning institutions: a case study

In the recent years, sustainability has become a slogan for raising social, economic and environmental awareness. Higher education institutions play an important role in promoting sustainable development principles and practices. In addition to educating students on sustainability topics, these institutions should take on a leadership role in incorporating sustainable practices into their services and operations and in transforming their local and regional communities into more sustainable communities. Grand Valley State University (GVSU) has been very successful in the implementation of sustainability principles. Among many recognitions and awards, the university has received national recognition for Sustainability Innovation in 2008 and 2009. In this paper, we discuss how GVSU successfully integrated sustainability principles into its services and operations. We hope that the initiatives discussed herein provide insights for universities that are in the process of incorporating sustainability practices ...
Degenerating Cystic Uterine Fibroid Mimics an Ovarian Cyst in a Pregnant Patient

Aleiomyoma or fibroid is the most common uterine neoplasm, with a prevalence of 20% to 30% in patients older than 30 years. 1 Most patients with fibroids are asymptomatic, but they may be infertile or have uterine bleeding, pain, or a palpable mass. 2 The sonographic appearance of a uterine fibroid is usually characterized by a homogeneous or heterogeneous hypoechoic uterine mass, but the appearance can be variable, with degenerative changes appearing as a diagnostic challenge. This report exemplifies how challenging the diagnosis could be with fibroid degeneration. This was a case of a large pedunculated cystic uterine fibroid mimicking an adnexal cyst in a pregnant patient.
Computational study of TNT synthesis in solvated nitration reaction systems

Mononitrotoluene (MNT) was incorporated into solvated reaction systems and was subjected to subsequent nitration (electrophilic and free radical substitution) to obtain corresponding dinitrotoluene (DNT) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) products. In the electrophilic nitration system, the energy barrier of the reaction to produce o,p-dinitrotoluene from p-nitrotoluene was found to decrease from 62.7 to 14.7 kJ/mol to 9.2 kJ/mol in solventless, hydrated, and methanol-solvated molecular reaction systems, respectively. Further nitration to produce TNT in related solventless and solvated systems also led to a stepwise decreasing trend in the required energy, from 297.6 to 118.6 kJ/mol to 42.8 kJ/mol. Comparative synthesis using ·NO2 as the nitrating reagent to obtain o,p-DNT or TNT in the hydrated system shows a lower reaction energy barrier than that of the same reaction in the solventless system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Adverse ocular drug reactions recently identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects

Abstract Purpose To report recent ocular adverse drug reactions identified by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects. Methods Case reports from the National Registry and the World Health Organization were collected and adverse drug reactions categorized as follows: certain, probable/likely, possible, unlikely, and conditional/unclassifiable. Results Bisphosphonates are associated with ocular inflammation, including the first reports of drug-related scleritis. Topiramate is shown to cause angle-closure glaucoma. Cetirizine can cause an oculogyric crisis, and there is strong evidence retinoids cause intracranial hypertension. Conclusion Recent reports to the National Registry have led to identification of new ocular adverse drug reactions.
The Cultural Fix: An Anthropological Contribution to Science and Technology Studies

Since at least the 1960s, science and technology studies (STS) scholars have distinguished between technological and social fixes. The author introduces a new concept for the STS theoretical tool kit—the cultural fix—and illustrates this concept using examples from her own research on pregnancy loss and neonatal intensive care, as well as that of anthropologists Katherine Newman and Sherry Ortner on downward mobility and unemployment in the United States. It is argued that the cultural fix represents a distinctive anthropological contribution to the field.
Apolipoproteins and carotid artery atherosclerosis in an elderly multiethnic population: the Northern Manhattan stroke study.

The association of apolipoproteins A-I and B (apo A-I and apo B) with cardiovascular disease has been studied in younger populations, but there is sparse information in the elderly. We determined whether apo A-I and apo B were associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) in 507 stroke-free elderly community residents (mean age 70.1+/-11.7 years, 60% women, 41% Hispanics, 30% African American, 28% Caucasian). CAA severity was normal (no plaque or carotid stenosis) in 39%, mild (maximum plaque thickness 1.8 mm or carotid stenosis > or =40%) in 36%. CAA severity increased with age in all race/ethnic groups (P or =1.4 g/l (OR: 2.0, CI: 1.1-3.6) were associated with moderate-severe CAA. An apo B/apo A-I ratio > or =1 was associated with moderate-severe CAA (OR: 2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4), and the association varied by race (Hispanics OR: 4.3, CI: 1.8-10; non-Hispanics, OR: 1.4, CI: 0.6-3.2). Total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not associated with moderate-severe CAA, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol was protective (OR: 0.4, CI: 0.2-0.8). Thus, in an elderly population, apo A-I and B were determinants of moderate-severe CAA, and the degree of association varied by race/ethnicity
Feasibility of an Adaptable Biorefinery Platform: Addressing the Delivery Scale Dilemma under Drought Risk

Conversion of biomass to electricity is often not economically feasible as a result of large transportation costs and low output prices. We build a model of an adaptable biorefinery situated at an agri-processing facility that already has biomass on-site and consider the optimal scale of the plant to achieve a price premium by selling peaking power given uncertain biomass deliveries year over year as a result of climatic variability. We find that, for conservative electricity prices, a plant situated near cotton gins in Texas could operate with positive expected net revenue while converting on average only 38% of available biomass for peak electricity prices.