cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive: A Pedia Tric Social Illness

Nonorganic failure to thrive is a pediatric social illness that can be treated in the home if it is identified early. Factors that contribute to this illness are varied but it is often the result o...
Anesthetic management of a patient with stiff person syndrome

We describe the successful anesthetic management of a patient with stiff-person syndrome (SPS) undergoing a right inguinal hernia repair, using a somatic paravertebral block supplemented with conscious sedation. We also present the implications of general anesthesia in patients with SPS. The use of regional anesthetic techniques in patients with SPS has the advantage of avoiding exposure to muscle relaxants. The use of general anesthesia in patients with SPS carries the risk of postoperative hypotonia due to enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid action on synaptic transmission by drugs that have a γ-aminobutyric acid agonistic action.
ATM and the Molecular Pathogenesis of Ataxia Telangiectasia

Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) results from inactivation of the ATM protein kinase. DNA-damage signaling is a prime function of this kinase, although other roles have been ascribed to ATM. Identifying the primary ATM function(s) for tissue homeostasis is key to understanding how these functions contribute to the prevention of A-T-related pathology. In this regard, because A-T is primarily a neurodegenerative disease, it is essential to understand how ATM loss results in degenerative effects on the nervous system. In addition to delineating the biochemistry and cell biology of ATM, important insights into the molecular basis for neurodegeneration in A-T come from a spectrum of phenotypically related neurodegenerative diseases that directly result from DNA-repair deficiency. Together with A-T, these syndromes indicate that neurodegeneration can be caused by the failure to appropriately respond to DNA damage. This review focuses on defective DNA-damage signaling as the underlying cause of A-T.
Therapeutic process and developmental process in the restructuring of object and self constancy

This paper holds that the analytic relationship embodies both therapeutic process and developmental process, that these processes are best viewed as different and separate, and that they function in a complementary way in the revision of pathologically impaired and underdeveloped psychic structure. The focus of the paper is on the developmental formation and clinical restructuring of object and self constancy. The illustrative case material is excerpted from the case of a man who returned for additional treatment five years after the completion of an apparently successful analysis of his neurotic conflicts.
A non-negative approach to semi-supervised separation of speech from noise with the use of temporal dynamics

We present a semi-supervised source separation methodology to denoise speech by modeling speech as one source and noise as the other source. We model speech using the recently proposed non-negative hidden Markov model, which uses multiple non-negative dictionaries and a Markov chain to jointly model spectral structure and temporal dynamics of speech. We perform separation of the speech and noise using the recently proposed non-negative factorial hidden Markov model. Although the speech model is learned from training data, the noise model is learned during the separation process and requires no training data. We show that the proposed method achieves superior results to using non-negative spectrogram factorization, which ignores the non-stationarity and temporal dynamics of speech.
New spectrophotometric and radiochemical assays for acetyl-CoA: arylamine N-acetyltransferase applicable to a variety of arylamines

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and radiochemical procedures are described for the assay of acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT; EC 2.3.1.5), which catalyzes the reaction acetyl-CoA + arylamine----N-acetylated arylamine + CoASH. The methods are applicable to crude tissue homogenates and blood lysates. The spectrophotometric assay is characterized by two features: (i) NAT activity is measured by quantifying the disappearance of the arylamine substrate as reflected by decreasing Schiff's base formation with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. (ii) During the enzymatic reaction, the inhibitory product CoASH is recycled by the system acetyl phosphate/phosphotransacetylase to the substrate acetyl-CoA. The radiochemical procedure depends on enzymatic synthesis of [3H]acetyl-CoA in the assay using [3H]acetate, ATP, CoASH, and acetyl-CoA synthetase. NAT activity is measured by quantifying N-[3H]acetylarylamine after separation from [3H]acetate by extraction. Product inhibition by CoASH is prevented in this system by the use of acetyl-CoA synthetase.
Classroom Management Strategies for Young Children with Challenging Behavior Within Early Childhood Settings

Many preschool, Head Start, and kindergarten educators of young children express concern about the number of children who exhibit frequent challenging behaviors and report that managing these behaviors is difficult within these classrooms. This article describes research-based strategies with practical applications that can be used as part of classroom management practices in settings with young children to improve children's social skills and decrease challenging behaviors. These strategies also are discussed in the context of program-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports. Finally, training opportunities and online resources are provided for teachers to continue their professional development regarding classroom management.
Differentiating hackers, identity thieves, cyberbullies, and virus writers by college major and individual differences

This study examined the personality characteristics of 296 self-reported computer deviants and non-computer deviants with different college majors. Results indicated hackers majoring in the Arts were more hedonistic compared to the hackers majoring in Business. The identity thieves majoring in Business were more extraverted and open to experiences compared to the identity thieves majoring in “Both.” The virus writers majoring in the Arts were more likely to make moral decisions based on hedonistic, social, and internal moral values compared to the virus writers majoring in Business. There were no significant differences in the personality characteristics of cyberbullies with different majors.
Rapid synthesis of diketopiperazine macroarrays via Ugi four-component reactions on planar solid supports

Libraries of diketopiperazines have been generated in high purity using the small molecule macroarray synthesis platform.
A signaling scheme and estimation algorithm for characterizing frequency selective MIMO channels

This paper presents a signaling scheme and channel estimation algorithm designed to characterize frequency selective MIMO channels. This scheme has been implemented in a wideband MIMO radio testbed and used to measure the achievable channel capacity in an indoor office environment. Also, we report the achievable capacity for a real hardware platform at a particular combination of channel, SNR, antenna separation and location. This is repeated over a large number of spatially unique antenna placements and locations to give a statistically representative set measurements for the environment. The data sets generated in the measurement campaign gives an indication of the variability of achievable capacity and not just the average channel capacity. This allows future studies to investigate the characteristics of a typical poor channel and how they cause a degradation in system performance.
On the roles of Mg in the activation of G proteins

In this review, we highlight the evolution of our knowledge about the way Mg(2+) participates in the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, beginning with its requirement in hormonal stimulation of fat cell adenylyl cyclase (1969) and ending with knowledge that incorporates information obtained from site directed mutagenesis and examination of the crystal structures of G proteins (2010). Our current view is that, as it seeks to fill its octahedral coordination shell, Mg acts as a keystone locking the G protein-α subunits into a conformation in which Gα dissociates from the Gβγ dimer, is competent in regulating effectors, and acquires GTPase activity. The latter is the result of moving the backbone carbonyl group of the Mg-coordinating threonine into a location in space that positions the hydrolytic water so as to facilitate the water's nucleophilic attack that leads to hydrolysis of the link between the β and γ phosphates of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). The role of the backbone carbonyl group of the Mg-coordinating threonine is equi-hierarchical with a similar and long-recognized role of the Switch II glutamine δ amide carbonyl group. Disruption of either leads to loss of GTPase activity.
Primary surgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament lesions

Seventy patients who underwent primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament are reviewed in follow-up. The surgical technique consisted of multiple loop- varying depth sutures in both cruciate stumps in 61 patients. Nine patients had additional fascial augmen tation done primarily. Follow-up was from 12 to 90 months, the average being 29 months. All patients were scored on a 50-point normal knee score sheet. Average score at follow-up was 42.7. No patient was bothered by giving way, which is defined as an unpre dictable instability. No patient has required subse quent meniscal surgery. Ninety-three percent of the patients were active in sports. Anterior drawer sign at 90° showed increased excursion compared to the unaffected leg in all patients. However, Lachman's test showed a firm end point to excursion in all knees tested, and, in addition, 52% were rated as normal compared to the unaffected knee. We conclude that primary repairs of mid-substance tears are technically possible and recommended in an...
Sorting Packets by Packet Schedulers Using a Connected Trie Data Structure

Packet scheduling is a critical component of router data paths because it allows routers to divide bandwidth intelligently between competing flows. A large number of scheduling algorithms annotate packets with time stamps and subsequently sort these packets according to their annotated time stamp values. For these algorithms the problems of efficiently tagging and sorting packets are still open to investigation. In this paper we propose a data structure and algorithm that reduces the latency of determining the packet with the smallest time stamp to a single memory access time and a small constant number of computation steps, independent of the number of flows serviced by the scheduler. The complexity of inserting a packet into our sorting data structure is logarithmic as a function of the ratio between the maximum packet size and minimum connection weight. The latency of inserting a packet can be hidden by performing insertions of several packets in parallel. This is the fastest sorting data structure known to us. One of the most efficient alternative implementation techniques proposed by Chao et. al. [20] is associated with logarithmic complexity of the scheduling decision time, as a function of the maximum value of packet time stamps. Our solution applies to many different packet fair queuing algorithms including Weighted Fair Queuing [28], Self-Clocked Fair Queuing (SCFQ) [28] and Start Time Fair Queuing [4].
Understanding fast Hankel transforms

Recently Ferrari et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A16, 2581 (1999)] presented an algorithm for the numerical evaluation of the Hankel transform of nth order. We demonstrate that this formulation can be interpreted as an application of the projection slice theorem.
Activation of spinal and supraspinal cannabinoid-1 receptors leads to antinociception in a rat model of neuropathic spinal cord injury pain

Activation of CNS cannabinoid subtype-1 (CB1) receptors has been shown to mediate the antinociceptive and other effects of systemically administered CB receptor agonists. The endogenous peptide CB receptor ligand hemopressin (HE) has previously demonstrated an antinociceptive effect in rats with a hind paw inflammation, without exhibiting characteristic CB1 receptor-mediated side-effects. The current study evaluated the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of HE in a rat model of neuropathic spinal cord injury (SCI) pain. The non-subtype selective CB receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 was also centrally administered in SCI rats as a comparator. Four weeks following an acute compression of the mid-thoracic spinal cord, rats displayed markedly decreased hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of below-level neuropathic pain. Central administration of WIN 55,212-2 significantly increased withdrawal thresholds, whereas HE did not. Hemopressin has been reported to block CB1 receptors in vitro, similar to the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant. Pretreatment with rimonabant completely blocked the antinociceptive effect of centrally administered WIN 55,212-2, but pretreatment with HE did not. While the data confirm that activation of either supraspinal or spinal CB1 receptors leads to significant antinociception in SCI rats, the current data do not support an antinociceptive effect from an acute blockade of central CB1 receptors, HE's putative antinociceptive mechanism, in neuropathic SCI rats. Although such a mechanism could be useful in other models of pain with a significant inflammatory component, the current data indicate that activation of CB1 receptors is needed to ameliorate neuropathic SCI pain.
A simple class-AB transconductor in CMOS

In this paper, we present a simple class-AB CMOS transconductor, which is based on Delbriick's bump/antibump circuit, whose differential output current is an expansive nonlinear function of its differential-mode input voltage. We describe the operation of the new transconductor qualitatively and derive an analytical model of its output currents from the Enz-Krummenacher-Vittoz (EKV) model of the MOS transistor. We also provide experimental measurements of the DC transfer characteristics of a version of the circuit that was fabricated in a 0.5-mum CMOS process through MOSIS.
Preliminary in vivo evaluation of a novel intrasaccular cerebral aneurysm occlusion device.

Objective Current endovascular technology does not offer a perfect solution for all cerebral aneurysms. Our group has built two versions of a novel aneurysm intrasaccular occlusion device (AIOD) to address the drawbacks associated with current occlusion devices. The objective of the present study was to perform pilot proof of concept in vivo testing of this new AIOD in swine and canines. Methods Two configurations of the AIOD, termed ‘coil-in-shell’ and ‘gel-in-shell’, were implanted in surgically created sidewall aneurysms (n=4) in swine for acute occlusion studies, as well as sidewall (n=8) and bifurcation aneurysms (n=3) in canines to assess long term occlusion efficacy. Occlusion at all time points (immediate, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks) was evaluated by angiography. Neointimal healing at 12 weeks postimplantation in canines was examined histologically. Results Angiographic analysis showed that both the coil-in-shell and gel-in-shell devices achieved complete aneurysm occlusion immediately following device delivery in sidewall aneurysms in swine. In longer term canine studies, initial occlusion ranged from 71.3% to 100%, which was stable with no recurrence in any of the sidewall aneurysms at 6 or 12 weeks. Histological analysis at 12 weeks showed mature fibromuscular tissue at the neck of all aneurysms and no significant inflammatory response. Conclusions The AIOD tested in this study showed promise in terms of acute and chronic occlusion of aneurysms. Our findings suggest that these devices have the potential to promote robust tissue healing at the aneurysm neck, which may minimize aneurysm recurrence. Although proof of principle has been shown, further work is needed to deliver this device through an endovascular route.
Evaluation of Nifurtimox for Potential Use in Control of Histomoniasis in Turkeys

Abstract Nifurtimox (NFX), a compound with known antiprotozoal activity, was evaluated for potential use in the prevention or treatment of histomoniasis in turkeys. A test of NFX in vitro showed that the compound was progressively active at concentrations of 12.5–200 ppm. Lower concentrations appeared only to delay growth of histomonads, while a concentration of 200 ppm was completely inhibitory. A series of tests in turkey poults showed that NFX had significant (P < 0.05) efficacy at 300–400 ppm when given in the feed throughout a 14-day experimental infection period. The beneficial effect was most prominent in the reduction of mortality and the suppression of liver lesions. Cecal lesions appeared less affected. Treatment with 400 ppm for a 3-day period after inoculation of turkeys was partially effective. In all tests, liver lesions were suppressed more effectively than cecal lesions, indicating that the concentration of the compound in the liver during metabolic excretion was important in the observed ...
Firewalking: A Contemporary Ritual and Transformation

Firewalking is an ancient ritual that can be categorized as a wondrous performance with a powerful effect on believers. The New Age movement is reviving the ceremony through workshops and seminars. The event involves a form of mutual social pretense that overcomes logical convention. A participant in a firewalk that became part of a documentary video describes the experience.
The Potassium-Argon Laser Experiment (KArLE): In situ geochronology for planetary robotic missions

The Potassium (K) — Argon (Ar) Laser Experiment (KArLE) will make in situ noble-gas geochronology measurements aboard planetary robotic landers and rovers. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to measure the K abundance in a sample and to release its noble gases; the evolved Ar is measured by mass spectrometry (MS); and relative K content is related to absolute Ar abundance by sample mass, determined by optical measurement of the ablated volume. KArLE measures a whole-rock K-Ar age to 10% or better for rocks 2 billion years old (Ga) or older, sufficient to resolve the absolute age of many planetary samples. The LIBS-MS approach is attractive because the analytical components have been flight proven, do not require further technical development, and provide complementary measurements as well as in situ geochronology.
Using Peptide Hetero-assembly to Trigger Physical Gelation and Cell Encapsulation

Stem cell transplantation holds tremendous potential for the treatment of various trauma and diseases. However, the therapeutic efficacy is often limited by poor and unpredictable post-transplantation cell survival. While hydrogels are thought to be ideal scaffolds, the sol-gel phase transitions required for cell encapsulation within commercially available biomatrices such as collagen and Matrigel often rely on non-physiological environmental triggers (e.g., pH and temperature shifts), which are detrimental to cells. To address this limitation, we have designed a novel class of protein biomaterials: Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogels (MITCH) that are recombinantly engineered to undergo gelation by hetero-assembly upon mixing at constant physiological conditions, thereby enabling simple, biocompatible cell encapsulation and transplantation protocols. Building upon bio-mimicry and precise molecular-level design principles, the resulting hydrogels have tunable viscoelasticity consistent with simple polymer physics considerations. MITCH are reproducible across cell-culture systems, supporting growth of human endothelial cells, rat mesenchymal stem cells, rat neural stem cells, and human adipose-derived stem cells. Additionally, MITCH promote the differentiation of neural progenitors into neuronal phenotypes, which adopt a 3D-branched morphology within the hydrogels.
A simulation course for high school students

Computer simulation presents a variety of opportunities for high school students to receive exposure to mathematics and engineering in the real world. We describe in a high- level way a course that uses computer simulation to enhance students' general modeling skills in probability and statistics, queueing models, financial engineering, and programming. Our experience has been that students can easily handle the material, and certainly seem to enjoy the experience.
CMV: when bad viruses turn good.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has had a reputation for causing morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In this issue of Blood , Elmaagacli et al find an unexpected favorable association of a low rate of leukemic relapse in acute myeloid leukemia patients who reactivate CMV
A Secure Data Aggregation and Dispatch Scheme for Home Area Networks in Smart Grid

Cyber security for smart grid communication systems is one of the most critical requirements need to be assured before smart grid can be operationally ready for the market. Privacy is one of very important security consideration. The customer information privacy in smart grid need to be protected. Smart grid data privacy encompasses confidentiality and anonymity of the information extracted from smart device metering transmission in smart grid communication system. In this paper, we consider a home area network as a basic reading data aggregation and dispatch unit in smart grid systems. Then, we propose a secure in-network data aggregation and dispatch scheme to keep the confidentiality and anonymity for collecting power usage information of home smart devices to the household smart meter and the reverse control message distributing procedure. Specifically, we introduce an orthogonal chip code to spread reading-data of different home smart devices into spread code, followed by a circuit shifting operation to coupling neighboring smart devices tightly. We adopt an in-network mechanism to further mask it with its spread data with its forwarding data. Finally, we analyze the cyber security protection levels using an information theoretic quantity, residual uncertainty. Simulation studies are conducted to test the performance on different metering datasets for the proposed scheme. This paper sets the ground for further research on optimizing of home power management systems with regarding to the privacy of customer power usage behaviors.
Subthalamic nucleus and its connections: Anatomic substrate for the network effects of deep brain stimulation.

GLOSSARY: GP = globus pallidus; GPe = external segment of the globus pallidus; GPi = internal segment of the globus pallidus; PD = Parkinson disease; PPT = pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; SNc = substantia nigra pars compacta; SNr = substantia nigra pars reticulata; STN = subthalamic nucleus.
Markets, Nature, and Society Embedding Economic & Environmental Sociology

Social scientists have drawn on theories of embeddedness to explain the different ways legal, political, and cultural frameworks shape markets. Often overlooked, however, is how the materiality of ...
The failure of compromise in 1860–1861: A rhetorical view

(1966). The failure of compromise in 1860–1861: A rhetorical view. Speech Monographs: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 364-371.
Abstract 123: Survey Analysis of a Statewide CPR Initiative: Willingness in Comparison to Median Income and Training

Background: Bystander CPR is provided in ~25% of out of hospital cardiac arrests in the US. To improve this low rate, the Save Hearts in Arizona Registry & Education program has initiated a multifaceted, statewide public chest compression only (CCO) CPR education campaign. It is unclear whether a statewide CCO-CPR campaign changes the intention of bystanders to perform CPR. It’s further unknown if this initiative affects willingness in populations with lowest survival and CPR performance. Objective: Evaluate the willingness to perform CPR, in various income demographics, following a statewide CPR intervention. Methods: Adult Arizona residents were surveyed at an academic medical center regarding performing CPR. They were asked their attitudes and feelings concerning performing CPR on strangers and family. Demographics were collected including age, gender, education, race and zip code which was used to incorporate census data for median income (separated as quartiles). Inclusion criteria were Arizona residents, age >18, and missing < 10% of survey data. CPR training was defined as CCO or formal CPR training. Results: Total of 1302 surveys were collected with a final population of 1163. Mean age was 40 yo (95% CI: 38.8, 40.5) with 44% males (95% CI: 41, 47). Willingness to perform CCO-CPR on strangers or family was high at 84% and 92%, respectively. However, when evaluated against median income, individuals in the lower income quartiles were less likely to perform CPR compared to higher quartiles for both strangers (77%; 95% CI 73, 82; P = 0.003) and family (90%; 95% CI 87, 94; P = 0.025). In these lower quartiles, a third as many individuals received training in CPR compared to the higher quartiles (p <0.001). Logistic regression analysis is being completed to evaluate this association in relation to race, education and other confounders. Conclusion: Public CPR interventions are effective in improving the willingness of bystanders to perform CPR. It is possible that CCO initiatives are not reaching the lowest quartile income populations which often have the lowest bystander CPR rates and highest mortality. Future CPR initiatives should be tailored to populations with highest mortality and who may not currently be receiving standard teaching initiatives.
Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Common Antigen of Polyomaviruses in Routine Histologic Tissue Sections of Animals and Man

All polyomaviruses have a common antigen, which is located on the major capsid polypeptide (VPI). This antigen was demonstrated in routine histologic sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic. Antiserum to the common determinant reacted with JC virus in oligodendrocytes of a patient who had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, BK virus in bladder epithelium of a renal transplant patient, and K virus in endothelial cells of mouse lung. This method may be applicable to the screening of tissues for all polyomaviruses in diagnostic and investigative pathology.
Inhibitory effect of 3,4‐dichloropropionaniline on cytokine production by macrophages is associated with LPS‐mediated signal transduction

Our previous studies demonstrated that both in vivo and in vitro 3,4-dichloro-propionanilide (propanil) exposure inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by adherent thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells (macrophages) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In this study, we report that IL-6 and TNF-alpha message is reduced by propanil in a concentration-dependent pattern, yet the stability of cytokine mRNA is not affected. In addition, exposure of macrophages to propanil after a relatively short period of LPS stimulation significantly reduced the production of IL-6 and TNF. Determination of the intracellular Ca2+ levels demonstrates that LPS-induced Ca2+ release is abrogated in propanil-treated macrophages. However, the binding of LPS to macrophages is not affected. Measurement of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) demonstrates that propanil significantly increases the level and the duration of IP3 in macrophages. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of propanil on macrophage cytokine production is associated with the early stages of LPS-mediated signal transduction in macrophages.
GATA3 immunohistochemical expression in invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Abstract Introduction GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a transcription factor, which belongs to a distinct family of tumor suppressor genes. It is involved in human cancer cell growth and differentiation, and plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Although, its expression has been reported in various cancers, there are limited data in genitourinary malignancies. Recent studies found GATA3 to be a sensitive marker for urothelial carcinoma (UC) and associated with prognostic pathologic features. Its level of expression was found to be an independent factor predicting cancer recurrence. Methods and materials In this article, immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA3 expression in genitourinary malignancies (invasive UC, renal cell carcinoma, and prostatic adenocarcinomas) was performed. Results GATA3 was positive in 56/79 (70.8%) of invasive UC, and was negative in all renal cell carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinomas. The pattern of GATA3 staining, when positive, was intensely nuclear within the clusters of malignant cells. No cytoplasmic staining was noted. Negative controls were all negative. High GATA3 expression was associated with larger tumor size in invasive UC (3.19 cm vs. 1.65 cm, P = 0.01). GATA3 expression did not correlate with other clinicopathologic parameters in UC. Conclusions This data suggest that GATA3 is a sensitive marker in confirming invasive UC, and may be helpful in differentiating it from metastatic tumors of renal and prostatic origin. Furthermore, strong GATA3 expression was noted to have an effect on tumor size in patients with UC.
An evaluation of sternal aspiration as an aid in diagnosis of the malignant lymphomata.

Neither diagnostically significant features nor consistent abnormalities of other character were demonstrated in the specimens of sternal marrow obtained in 15 cases of Hodgkin’s disease. With improvements in technic, particularly in patients presenting clinical evidence of bone or bone marrow involvement, the procedure might become more valuable. As an aid in diagnosis in cases of obscure malignant lymphoma, sternal aspiration is likely to prove of greatest value in cases of lymphosarcoma. In 7 of 10 proved cases, abnormal lymphocytic cell types were encountered and in 3 instances bone marrow infiltrations were demonstrated in fixed section preparations. The latter were felt to be diagnostic of lymphosarcoma. In 2 cases of follicular lymphoma the specimens of sternal marrow presented no striking abnormalities. However, because of the apparently close relationship which this disease bears to lymphosarcoma it is felt that study of a larger number of cases may prove the procedure of some diagnostic value.
PTSD Symptom Severity and Neurocognitive Performance as a Function of Combined TMS and Imaginal Exposure in OIF/OEF Combat Veterans with Treatment Resistant PTSD

PTSD SYMPTOM SEVERITY AND NEUROCOGNITIVE PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF COMBINED TMS AND IMAGINAL EXPOSURE IN OIF/OEF COMBAT VETERANS WITH TREATMENT RESISTANT PTSD Katharine Surella Seagly Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 2015 Director: Dr. Serina A. Neumann Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a commonly occurring mental health diagnosis, and is particularly prevalent in combat veterans. Although there has been some success treating PTSD with various forms of therapy, many cases remain refractory to the current standard of care. This pilot study combines transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) with a standardized exposure protocol for the treatment of chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD. The aims are to (1) determine if the treatment is safe and well tolerated, (2) determine if PTSD and concomitant depression and anxiety symptoms improve, and (3) determine if executive functioning and memory improve. Results indicated the treatment was safe and well tolerated, and improvements were seen across psychological symptoms. Neurocognitively, improvements were seen in executive functioning but not in non-executive memory. Statistically significant results must be interpreted with caution due to the likelihood of sampling error associated with a small sample size. However, clinical results were striking, with six of the seven participants no longer meeting criteria for PTSD by the end of the study. Clinical results for this pilot study were promising and warrant further investigation with larger sample sizes utilizing a RCT model to confirm and expand upon these preliminary findings.
In situ placement of a valved conduit at the pulmonary annulus

The technique of repair of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is described. The porcine valved conduit (Hancock) was placed so that the valve was in the "anatomic" position, avoiding compression by the sternum. There was a mild gradient (15 mm. Hg) at a cardiac index of 4 L. per minute per square meter across the porcine valve itself, measured at the postoperative catheterization. The valve orifice diameter was only 15 mm., which is considerably less than the 22 mm. valve annulus. The possible merits of this procedure over the conventionally placed valved conduit and over an outflow tract patch are discussed.
Edge classification in networks

We consider in this paper the edge classification problem in networks, which is defined as follows. Given a graph-structured network G(N, A), where N is a set of vertices and A ⊆ N ×N is a set of edges, in which a subset Al ⊆ A of edges are properly labeled a priori, determine for those edges in Au = A\Al the edge labels which are unknown. The edge classification problem has numerous applications in graph mining and social network analysis, such as relationship discovery, categorization, and recommendation. Although the vertex classification problem has been well known and extensively explored in networks, edge classification is relatively unknown and in an urgent need for careful studies. In this paper, we present a series of efficient, neighborhood-based algorithms to perform edge classification in networks. To make the proposed algorithms scalable in large-scale networks, which can be either disk-resident or streamlike, we further devise efficient, cost-effective probabilistic edge classification methods without a significant compromise to the classification accuracy. We carry out experimental studies in a series of real-world networks, and the experimental results demonstrate both the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods for edge classification in large networks.
Chapter 24 – Science Updates and Breakthroughs

This chapter emphasizes on the Mozart effect. With the popularity of Mozart effect, it has been greatly misunderstood and exploited. The chapter clarifies some misconceptions and report recent findings further establishing its generality. Then it presents the new, major breakthrough in brain science showing the astonishingly large innate and trainable spatial-temporal reasoning abilities in all children. If a subject performs poorly on a task, listening to Mozart might give a significant boost in performance. The task must be somewhat difficult for the subject. If it is easy, there is not being much obvious improvement. It is suggested that this is a general insight on the nature of the Mozart effect regarding which subjects benefit most in a given spatial temporal (ST) task. It is important in science to not only examine significant phenomena for all relevant possible explanations, but also to carefully examine difficulties in studies with results that are not supportive.
Using VSWIR microimaging spectroscopy to explore the mineralogical diversity of HED meteorites

We use VSWIR microimaging spectroscopy to survey the spectral diversity of HED meteorites at 80-μm/pixel spatial scale. Our goal in this work is both to explore the emerging capabilities of microimaging VSWIR spectroscopy and to contribute to understanding the petrologic diversity of the HED suite and the evolution of Vesta. Using a combination of manual and automated hyperspectral classification techniques, we identify four major classes of materials based on VSWIR absorptions that include pyroxene, olivine, Fe-bearing feldspars, and glass-bearing/featureless materials. Results show microimaging spectroscopy is an effective method for rapidly and non-destructively characterizing small compositional variations of meteorite samples and for locating rare phases for possible follow-up investigation. Future work will include incorporating SEM/EDS results to quantify sources of spectral variability and placing observations within a broader geologic framework of the differentiation and evolution of Vesta.
Increase power density and simplify designs with 3D SiP modules

This paper will discuss volumetric co-design methodology and packaging construction trade-offs for 3D SiP power modules. It will provide more details on SiP eco-system, co-design, construction, materials and circuit topology. Today, designers are demanding an overall form-factor reduction to save board space, increase functionality, and allocate more real estate toward end-user applications - all with less space allocated to power management where not just the X-Y shrink but the 3D volumetric shrink is required. For example, in wearable products, the semiconductor industry has recently seen an increase in the use of system-in-package (SiP) technology for users who want simpler, more flexible designs and need to fulfill challenging space requirements. And we expect to see this trend continue.
Successive Resonances for Ion Ejection at Arbitrary Frequencies in an Ion Trap

The use of successive resonances for ion ejection is demonstrated here as a method of scanning quadrupole ion traps with improvement in both resolution and sensitivity compared with single frequency resonance ejection. The conventional single frequency resonance ejection waveform is replaced with a dual-frequency waveform. The two included frequencies are spaced very closely and their relative amplitudes are adjusted so that the first frequency that ions encounter excites them to higher amplitudes where space charge effects are less prominent, thereby giving faster and more efficient ejection when the ions come into resonance with the second frequency. The method is applicable at any arbitrary frequency, unlike double and triple resonance methods. However, like double and triple resonance ejection, ejection using successive resonances requires the rf and AC waveforms to be phase-locked in order to retain mass accuracy and mass precision. The improved performance is seen in mass spectra acquired by rf amplitude scans (resonance ejection) as well as by secular frequency scans.
EMPIRICALLY PREDICTING FRACTURE LOADS AND DISPLACEMENTS OF THE FOUR HUMAN LONG BONES SUBJECTED TO BENDING AND/OR TORSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the empirically predicting fracture loads and displacements of the four human long bones subjected to bending and/or torsion. As part of a study reviewed in the chapter, whole human long bones were tested under conditions of static bending, torsion and combinations of static bending and torsion. The 46 bones included left and right femora, tibiae, humeri and fibulae. Two additional humeri were tested under rapid rate conditions bringing the total number of fresh bones fractured to 48. Four bones of each type were selected to establish the fracture torques resulting from torsion only and four to establish the fracture moments from bending only. For each bone type, the combination of torsion and bending involved four bones. Two bones were tested with narrow load spacing and eversive rotation while the other two were tested using a wide spacing and inversive rotation. One bone from each loading configuration was tested with torsion dominating and bending held constant; the other bone was tested with bending dominant and torsion held constant. The interaction boundaries for the four human long bones offer a means of estimating the fracture loads caused by loading conditions of bending, torsion, and combined bending and torsion within 20% of the actual values. The plots of deflections as functions of loading condition allow the estimation of deflections within 10%–20%, once the fracture loads are known.
Chronic Pancreatitis: Puestow and Frey Procedures

Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disease process best addressed by a multidisciplinary approach. The surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis requires a detailed understanding of the ductal anatomy and natural history of the disease. Surgical drainage of the distal pancreatic duct via longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy can successfully alleviate ductal hypertension, relieve pain, and preserve endocrine and exocrine function. Preferred approaches, as described by several prominent surgeons of the past, include the Frey and Puestow procedures. With a growing understanding of the pathophysiology of ductal hypertension, pancreatic pain, and chronic inflammation, modern modifications of classic surgical techniques remain critical tools in successful, sustained management for patients requiring ductal decompression.
Maintaining Data Base Integrity

Data base integrity refers to both the accuracy and the availability of the data base. If a data base has integrity, then it is a correct and dependable model of the organization’s information processing requirements. To maintain the integrity of a data base, the dba must be able to ensure both the quality of the data base contents and the correctness of the processing applied against that data base.
Oxygen Radical-Mediated Endothelial Cell Injury

Acute inflammatory processes are frequently accompanied by injury to vascular endothelial cells. It is well recognized that endothelial cells can be damaged in vitro by toxic oxygen metabolites of activated neutrophils. More than a decade ago, Sacks et al. [1] demonstrated that complement (C5a)-activated neutrophils induce chromium release from 51Cr-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Because addition of catalase was protective, it has been concluded that the endothelial cell injury was mediated primarily by oxidants (hydrogen peroxide) produced by the activated granulocytes. Since then, the mechanisms of the killing of endothelial cells either by activated neutrophils or by the addition of reactive oxygen species has been extensively studied. Clearly, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved should ultimately lead to more effective therapeutic interventions. In the present communication we review briefly some recent studies on mechanisms of oxidant-mediated endothelial cell injury in vitro and, secondly, compare these findings with observations of endothelial cell injury in vivo.
The Treatment and Prevention of Adolescent Opioid and Prescription Misuse and Abuse

The United States is in the midst of ongoing opioid epidemic that is in large part, iatrogenic, meaning that it is associated with overprescribing of opioid analgesics by health care providers (Nelson et al., JAMA 314:1453–1454, 2015). Simultaneously, there is increasing prescribing of benzodiazepines and together, the increasing availability of these medications in American homes is adversely affecting all age groups, including adolescents (i.e., ages 12–21 years old) (Bachhuber et al., American Journal of Public Health 106:686–688, 2016). This chapter will review terminology including the pharmacological effects on persons using these substances, how effects change over time and characteristic withdrawal syndromes, epidemiology of adolescent opioid and benzodiazepine misuse, use disorder, treatment admissions, and associated morbidity such as overdose. Relevant risk factors will be reviewed followed by discussion of effective preventative, harm reduction and treatment approaches. Along the way, we will discuss common myths and misconceptions about prescription opioids and benzodiazepines, and heroin.
Quantifying Small-scale Temperature Variability using DistributedTemperature Sensing and Thermal Infrared Imaging to Inform RiverRestoration

Abstract. Watershed-scale stream temperature models are often one-dimensional because they require less data and are more computationally efficient than two- or three-dimensional models. However, one-dimensional models assume completely mixed reaches and ignore small-scale spatial temperature variability, which may create temperature barriers or refugia for cold water aquatic species. Fine spatial- and temporal-resolution stream temperature monitoring provides information to identify river features with temperature ranges that differ from the reach average. We used a distributed temperature sensing system to observe small-scale stream temperature variability, measured as temperature range through space and time, within two 400 meter reaches in summer 2015 in Nevada's East Walker and mainstem Walker Rivers. In addition, thermal infrared aerial imagery collected in summer 2012 quantified the spatial variability of river temperatures throughout the Walker Basin. Both the distributed temperature sensing data and thermal infrared aerial imagery were used to corroborate prior temperature model results. Additionally, these data highlighted that beaver dams and irrigation return flow channels maximize thermal variability and can provide thermal refugia, while groundwater seeps provide small cooler areas and diversion canals often create warm local temperatures downstream. To extend temperature predictions and obtain a better understanding of thermal variability at the watershed-scale, temperatures bounds from observations by river features were added to the longitudinal temperature predictions. These results show that while bulk stream temperatures are often too warm to support trout and other cold-water species, thermal refugia may exist to improve habitat connectivity and passage for migratory species between Walker River and Lake. Overall, river restoration efforts should focus on maintaining and enhancing features that create this thermal variability and habitat connectivity.
Instructional Technology: Avoiding the Golden Hammer

In this Special Issue of eLearn Magazine, we examine the value and impact of instructional technology for addressing specific challenges faced by educators in the online classroom. With an emphasis on practical utility, authors share technology tools that have aligned effectively with their pedagogical needs to produce positive teaching and learning outcomes.
Current Recycling: New Results

Long ago, current recycling or serial biasing technique was recognized as a promising solution for the reduction of bias current in VLSI dc biased digital superconductor circuits. Despite a significant number of declarations, not so many successful experiments have been reported so far. In the paper we discuss our recent experiments with serially biased 16-bit counter-flow RSFQ shift registers, connected by special interfaces that are able to transfer SFQ pulses between the galvanically isolated driver and receiver. The required functionality is achieved using a superconductor transformer with isolated input and output coils. The known drawback of such interfaces is their parasitic sensitivity to magnetic fields induced by remote currents. To depress this sensitivity we have implemented a special superconductor guard that uses six superconductor layers. We have achieved stable operations of such registers with 16 current recycling stacks. The circuits have been fabricated at MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Preservice Teachers’ Exploration of Model Breaking Points

This study is an investigation of elementary preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) exploration of model breaking points in fractions. Eighty-three PSTs at two universities in the Midwestern and Southwestern regions of the USA were asked to explore the area model of fraction addition through a series of tasks and explain their reasoning in determining its affordances and constraints. The PSTs presented their critical mathematical ideas on modeling fraction addition and area models’ breaking points when used to add two fractions, as well as suggestions for alternative models to overcome model breaking points. An inductive content analysis showed that most PSTs represented fraction addition well with simple fractions but had difficulty representing fraction addition with improper fractions or fractions with unlike and relatively large denominators and tended to use algorithm-based thinking. Also, the area models drawn by several PSTs revealed various misconceptions, suggesting the impact of their content knowledge on their understanding of area models. Based on the findings from this study, we provide some implications for teacher educators.