cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affect of Distribution Automation and Control on Future System Configuration

The increase in distribution voltages to economically serve continually growing load densities has underscored the need for cost effective, improved reliability levels. Recently, powerful microprocessors and minicomputers have given distribuution system engineers new tools that are making many distribution automation concepts attainable. Among these are control algorithms which allow real-time control of distribution system configurations. Normal loadings of substation transformers and of looped, sectionalized primary circuits can be economically increased by the judicious use of distribution automation which has the ability, through software controlled load-interrupting switches, to rapidly reconfigure the system to relieve abnormal loads imposed as a result of rearrangement to isolate a faulted component.
Multiscale dynamic modeling of flexibility in myosin V using a planar mechanical model

This paper presents a modification to the multiscale dynamic approach, introduced in [1]–[5], for the simulation and analysis of flexibility in motor proteins, especially myosin V. In the previous work, a new multiscale dynamic modeling approach has been developed that dissolves the issue of the long simulation run time that is due to the disproportionality between the small mass of myosin V relative to the large viscous drag coefficient. The interesting aspect of the approach is that it retains the mass properties, in contrast to the commonly used models which omit mass properties, at the nanoscale, to address the disproportionality issue. This paper discusses modeling flexibility in the protein as an extension of the original rigid multibody model. Adding flexibility to the mechanical model of motor protein creates an extra disproportionate issue between the mass (0.48ag), the viscous damping coefficient (108 ag/ms), and the stiffness constant (1014 ag.nm2/ms2) which cannot be handled by the original multiscale approach. The proposed modification helps to address the issue by introducing an extra scaling factor that brings all generalized active forces into proportion with the inertial terms. In order to show the effectiveness of the modified approach, a flexible mechanical model of myosin V is developed. Empirical studies have shown that myosin V's neck domain can be considered as three pairs of tandem elements called IQ motifs which can bend at junctures between them. Therefore, each neck is modeled by three rigid bodies connected by flexible pin joints together, rather than a single rigid body has been used in the previous works [1]–[5].
Correlation and Path-coefficient Analyses of Lint Yield and Other Traits in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton breeders should have knowledge of traits that affect lint yield before embarking on a breeding program. Twelve diverse germplasm lines of upland cotton were used to investigate the effects of lint turnout, days to maturity, boll weight, number of bolls/plant, plant height, number of seeds/boll, boll width, boll length, seed index, number of locs/boll, number of fibers/seed, fiber density, on lint yield. The 12 lines were planted at two locations each during 2011 and 2012 at Stoneville, Miss. Simple correlation coefficients were subjected to path-coefficient analysis and direct and indirect effects were determined. Across all cultivar groups, lint turnout (0.52), plant height (0.43), number of bolls/plant (0.29), and boll weight (0.22) had the highest direct effects on lint yield. They were also positively and significantly correlated with lint yield. Boll length, fibers/seed, fiber density, number of locs/boll, and days to maturity were negatively correlated and with minimal impact on lint yield. D...
Multi-level approximate logic synthesis under general error constraints

We address the problem of multi-level approximate logic synthesis. Our strategy assumes existence of an optimized exact Boolean network, which is critical in practice since arithmetic blocks are rarely synthesized from 2-level representation automatically. The goal is to produce minimum cost circuits whose logic function deviates in a controlled manner from the exact function with deviations quantified by the magnitude and frequency of errors. We rely on network simplifications allowed by external don't cares (EXDCs). We formulate the error-magnitude constrained problem by using Boolean relations to capture the allowed error behavior in a more general manner compared to incompletely specified functions. Our key contribution is in finding sets of external don't cares that maximally approach the Boolean relation. The algorithm starts with an EXDC set that is overly relaxed and iteratively, and in a greedy fashion, identifies a feasible EXDC set by solving a series of conventional EXDC-based network optimizations. The algorithm then ensures compliance to error frequency constraints by recovering the correct outputs on the sought number of error-producing inputs while aiming to minimize the network cost increase. We applied the algorithm to several well-known adder and multiplier designs of varying bit-width. Even for small error magnitudes, the algorithm produces networks with gate count reduced by 30–50%, when the error frequency constraint is loose. This is up to 20% fewer gates than a naive EXDC-based approach.
The golden hamster and the blood-borne hibernation trigger

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated an interspecific blood-borne hibernation “trigger” acting in several seasonal hibernators. The present experiment was designed to investigate the possible existence of a similar triggering mechanism in a non-seasonal hibernator, the golden hamster. To accomplish this, a three step protocol was devised: 1. (1) The development of a reliable technique for inducing hibernation in the golden hamster via the alternation of environmental stimuli 2. (2) The collection and storage of samples of hibernating hamster sera (plus active control sera) by the technique similar to that used by other investigators 3. (3) The transfusion of the sera dialysates to a recipient group of hamsters and subsequent observation for increased ease of hibernation inducibility. Transfusion of dialysate of sera obtained from hibernating hamsters resulted in induction rates remarkably similar to nontransfused controls. Mean induction times were, likewise, not significantly different ( P > 0.50). Hamsters receiving control transfusates also demonstrated similar induction characteristics. From these results, it is our conclusion that a triggering mechanism such as that found in the seasonal hibernators is not present in the golden hamster.
The MUOS-WCDMA Air Interface

WCDMA is a 3rd generation wireless communication system developed for terrestrial cellular systems. The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) uses WCDMA as a basis for its waveform definition, thus exploiting the extensive development of this advanced commercial communications technology. MUOS is, however, a geosatellite system which in certain ways is a vastly different communications environment than the terrestrial cellular environment. This paper shall overview key changes to the WCDMA Layer 1 to yield the MUOS waveform definition.
Compatibilization of Natural Fibers with Synthetic Polymers Using Triblock Copolymers as Coupling Agents

The ability of triblock copolymers of MMA and S to improve a wood/PS interface has been evaluated using the ADCB test. Two symmetric triblock copolymers were tested: an MMA centered triblock SMS and a styrene centered triblock MSM. The fracture toughness (G c ) of the interface has been evaluated as a function of the copolymer thickness. G c was improved with both copolymers but depended on copolymer composition. At low copolymer thickness, the MSM was the strongest compatibilizer, while the SMS was more efficient in the saturated regime. An in-depth characterization of the interface indicated that a lack of affinity between the MSM and PS is responsible for the different behaviors observed.
Urinoma drainage for neonatal respiratory insufficiency

This report describes two newborn males with posterior urethral valves, perirenal urinomas and respiratory distress. A 400 cc urinoma was drained percutaneously with resolution of respiratory symptoms in the first case. A 120 cc urinoma was drained in the second case but the infant died of pulmonary hypoplasia at 22 h of age. This report emphasizes the importance of aspirating or draining the urinoma in an attempt to treat the newborn's respiratory insufficiency.
Successful management of severe hypoventilation and hypercapnia in an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) with short‐term mechanical ventilation

Objective – To describe the successful management of an alpaca with severe hypoventilation and hypercapnia, suspected to be secondary to an anesthesia-related event. Case Summary – A 3-year-old, female alpaca underwent a routine eye enucleation under general anesthesia after traumatic globe perforation. Severe hypoventilation and associated hypercapnia developed postoperatively resulting in a severe primary respiratory acidosis. The awake alpaca was supported with positive-pressure ventilation for approximately 20 hours before successful weaning. Recovery to hospital discharge occurred over the subsequent 5 days with the alpaca regaining apparently normal respiratory function. New or Unique Information Provided – To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report describing positive-pressure ventilation of an alpaca in the veterinary literature. In this case of severe hypoventilation, ventilatory support was essential to the positive outcome. As South American camelids continue to increase in popularity there may be an increased demand for high-quality and sophisticated veterinary care for these animals. Mechanical ventilation can be used to help restore and maintain normal PO2, PCO2, and respiratory acid-base status in alpacas with ventilatory dysfunction.
Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation

Abstract. The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (O3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes ~30–35 ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average O3 (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and ~10–17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and ~3–4 ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, O3 is the major contributor to surface O3, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O3 precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface O3 and O3 aloft (at ~1–4 km) 1–2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at ~03:00 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50% during 09:00 a.m.–04:00 p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface O3 during a long-range transport episode by ~5 ppb on average (up to ~17 ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by ~3 ppb. Available O3 vertical profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the O3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties.
A detailed analysis of symptomatic posterior cortex seizure semiology in children younger than seven years.

Summary: Purpose: To analyze the semiology of seizure onset and evolution in young children with posterior cortex epilepsy (PCE), compare this with adult reports, and assess agerelated differences. Methods: We videotaped and analyzed 110 seizures from 18 patients with PCE, aged 3–81 months. All had a good prognosis after posterior epileptogenic zone removal. Ictal events were categorized by behavioral, consciousness, autonomic, and sensory features, as well as motor patterns, which included myoclonic, tonic, clonic, unclassified motor seizures, and epileptic spasm. A time-scaled data sheet was developed to record each epileptic event as onset, very early, early, or late manifestation. Results: Patients had a high seizure frequency with 100 attacks/day; one third of them showed a cluster tendency. The mean duration of seizures was 67 s. The most common seizure components were motor manifestations (with myoclonic and tonic seizures), but psychomotor (automotor), hypomotor attacks, and isolated auras also were frequently observed. Clinical seizure spread was frequent; auras and visual sensory signs were difficult to record in this age. Typical phenomena during seizures included behavioral changes, ictal vocalization, smile, flush, head nod, oculomotor features, and late-appearing oral automatisms, whereas hypermotor and secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures were not seen. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PCE in infants and young children is very heterogeneous but shows important agerelated features. Compared with adults, children with PCE have shorter but more frequent seizures; they rarely report aura or visual sensory signs, only sporadically develop hypermotor and secondarily generalized tonic–clonic seizures, whereas ictal smile, flush, head nod, and behavioral change are typical features at this age. Because of frequent subtle ictal phenomena, long-term video-EEG monitoring is a useful diagnostic tool with infants and young children with PCE. Key Words: Posterior cortex—Occipital lobe epilepsy—Parietal lobe epilepsy—Seizure semiology—Children—Age.
Mediators of immune glomerular injury.

Mediators of immune glomerular injury may be divided into primary and secondary. Primary mediators include antibody and T cells and secondary include complement, infiltrating inflammatory cells, such
Cell-cycle regulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene expression during the initiation of lateral root meristems

Summary Analysis of transgenic tobacco plants containing a tobacco hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein HRGPnt3 gene promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion (HRGPnt3-uidA) showed that this promoter is active not only in the early stages of initiation of lateral roots as previously described, but also in the initiation of adventitious roots, with similar selective expression in a subset of pericycle cells. HRGPnt3 is also induced during initiation of hairy roots following transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) induces an increase in the number of characteristic discrete sites of HRGP-nt3 expression. It is shown that these sites are destined to form new root primordia from pericycle cells of both adventitious and main roots. Dose-dependent induction of root meristems by auxin overcomes the limitations of this naturally stochastic process and makes lateral root initiation amenable to biochemical analysis. Quiescent pericycle cells, which are developmentally arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, rapidly progress into M phase upon mitogenic stimulation. Colchicine and nocodazole, which block completion of mitosis, inhibited the activation of the HRGPnt3 promoter but did not block auxin induction of parA, a marker for de-differentiation in leaf mesophyll cell-derived protoplasts. Hydroxyurea, which inhibits cell-cycle progression at the G1/S-phase transition and also blocks lateral root initiation, did not inhibit HRGPnt3 induction. Thus, HRGPnt3 induction precedes completion of the first cell division during primordium formation, and is one of the initial steps in a sequential program of gene expression activated upon stimulation of cell division for the development of a new meristem during lateral root initiation.
MEMS deformable mirror for ophthalmic imaging

A MEMS deformable mirror has recently been employed in the AO system of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). MEMS allows for a more compact, efficient and effective system. The AO system in the AOSLO operates with a modal closed loop. Aberrations after AO reduce the wave aberration to less than 0.1 microns RMS in most eyes. Results show improved resolution, brightness and contrast. Images of patches of retina show a well resolved cone photoreceptor mosaic as they change in size with eccentricities ranging from 0.6 degrees to 4.23 degrees from the fovea.
Anthecology: Old Testament, New Testament, Apocrypha (Banquet Address, 8 February 1979)

Abstract The development of anthecology, with an emphasis on pollination ecology, is surveyed, using less-often cited literature. The Old Testament of anthecology was written at the end of the nineteenth century; the New Testament began to be assembled after the rise of the Synthetic Theory of Evolution (“Neo-darwinism”) in the 1940s. Differences between the Old and the New anthecology are discussed and particular attention is given to the new emphasis on tropical anthecology. Apocryphal writings are to be found in all the literature periods; some of them have led to important developments and others may do so. Particularly with the prospect of serious development of the anthecology of ecosystems, it is suggested that amateur botanists can make a contribution to the New anthecology comparable to their influence on the Old.
Parallel-vector processing for linear programming

Abstract The basic Simplex algorithm for solving linear programming problems is re-examined. Computational steps which can be done in parallel are identified. Both parallel and vector speed are incorporated in the Simplex procedure. Special solution strategies are used to take further advantage of the cases where artificial and unrestricted (in sign) variables need to be introduced. Using FORCE (FORtran with Concurrent Extension) language, the developed parallel Simplex subroutine can be ported to seven different parallel and high performance computers. Small, medium and large scale numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Simplex method. Speed-up factors of upto 3.6 (using four Cray-2 processors) and 14.5 (using 15 Sequent processors) were obtained in this study.
Effects of Improved Morbidity Rates on Active Life Expectancy and Eligibility for Long-Term Care Services

This study examines effects of better health on active life expectancy and eligibility for long-term care services, using data from the 1984-1990 Longitudinal Study of Aging and microsimulation techniques. Results show that better health increases total life expectancy (TLE), the proportion of life spent unimpaired, and the amount of time spent unimpaired. Women experience larger proportional increases in active life expectancy under assumptions of better health. Better health also reduces the proportion of men and women who would be eligible for long-term care services. However, better health decreases the proportion of men eligible for long-term care services more than it decreases the eligible proportion of women. The results reinforce the importance of focusing on policies designed to promote healthy lifestyles and to reduce the prevalence of chronic conditions.
Unscented Kalman Filters for Multiple Target Tracking With Symmetric Measurement Equations

The symmetric measurement equation approach to multiple target tracking is revisited using the unscented Kalman filter. The performance of this filter is compared to the original symmetric measurement equation implementation using an extended Kalman filter. Counterintuitive results are presented and explained for two sets of symmetric measurement equations. We find that the performance of the SME approach is dependent on the interaction of the SME equations and filter used. Furthermore, an SME/unscented Kalman filter pairing is shown to have improved performance versus previous approaches while possessing simpler implementation and equivalent computational complexity.
The relationship between DSCS III sunlit surface charging and geomagnetic activity indices

The authors report on a survey of correlations between DSCS III satellite sunlit surface charging data and tabulated values of selected geomagnetic activity indices. This study is driven by the motivation to find a set of indices that have the potential to be used as proxies for determining the presence (nowcasting) and likely onset (forecasting) of surface charging. DSCS III data were compared with the Dst, ap, and the Polar Cap indices for a study period covering day 229, 1995 through day 115, 1999. Results show that: (1) significant correlations (R/sup 2/>0.97) between average frame charging level and all three geomagnetic activity indices exist, and (2) the probability of charging events increases monotonically with increasing levels of geomagnetic activity until extreme levels are approached. It is postulated that during these extreme geomagnetic events, an anomalous source of neutralizing ions may be present at geosynchronous orbit either due to direct input from the solar wind or to ion outflow from the ionosphere.
A witness of whiteness: An autoethnographic examination of a white teacher's own inherent prejudice

AbstractWhite pre-service and practising teachers in America have been viewed too narrowly in multicultural education research and practice. Multicultural research and multicultural curricula position whites as colour-blind and generally ignorant of any conflicting differences between whites and non-whites. However, this perspective ignores those whites who may have preconceived notions of the differences between themselves and non-whites. This autoethnography describes my own ingrained notions as a white youth in rural America. I explore how unchallenged bigoted ideas can remain hidden, only to re-emerge during the daily interactions of school. My story demonstrates the pervasive nature of white culture when learned at a young age. I provide a discussion of how teacher educators and trainers can approach multicultural education programmes. My multicultural training had only presented me with information about white racial dominance, while my bigoted ideas remained hidden in my consciousness. I needed to ...
A Coupled 0D-1D Model for Hybrid Heat Transfer Measurements

This paper covers the discovery, development, and preliminary application of an improved model to address errors associated with transient heat transfer experiments which also include the application of lumped capacitance. Previous studies using Transient TLC methods typically omit featured areas from the heat transfer calculations; by applying TLC underneath lump-able features it is possible to calculate the heat transfer with a lumped capacitance model. In utilizing lumped capacitance, the heat loss into the surface underneath the lumped features was previously erroneously unaccounted for. In this paper, the original hybrid heat transfer technique is discussed in detail. The erroneous assumptions are highlighted and an improved model is then derived. Results from previous experiments are then recalculated using the improved model to demonstrate the difference in the calculated heat transfer coefficients in a practical experiment and to demonstrate the importance of accounting for the heat conducted through the substrate in the hybrid heat transfer technique.
Reducing survey burden: feasibility and validity of PROMIS measures in multiple sclerosis.

Background:Patient-reported outcomes are important for clinical research and care, yet administering and scoring the questionnaires requires considerable effort and time. The Patient Reported Outco...
What makes different people's representations alike: Neural similarity space solves the problem of across-subject fmri decoding

A central goal in neuroscience is to interpret neural activation and, moreover, to do so in a way that captures universal principles by generalizing across individuals. Recent research in multivoxel pattern-based fMRI analysis has led to considerable success at decoding within individual subjects. However, the goal of being able to decode across subjects is still challenging: It has remained unclear what population-level regularities of neural representation there might be. Here, we present a novel and highly accurate solution to this problem, which decodes across subjects between eight different stimulus conditions. The key to finding this solution was questioning the seemingly obvious idea that neural decoding should work directly on neural activation patterns. On the contrary, to decode across subjects, it is beneficial to abstract away from subject-specific patterns of neural activity and, instead, to operate on the similarity relations between those patterns: Our new approach performs decoding purely within similarity space. These results demonstrate a hitherto unknown population-level regularity in neural representation and also reveal a striking convergence between our empirical findings in fMRI and discussions in the philosophy of mind addressing the problem of conceptual similarity across neural diversity.
DISTINCT GROUND BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ASSEMBLAGES WITHIN A NEW YORK STATE WETLAND COMPLEX

Carabid beetle communities were compared for adjacent marsh and bog biotopes at the McLean Bogs Preserve, Tompkins Co., New York by means of pitfall-trap sampling. Though the sampled marsh and bog habitats were only 200 m distant, with the umbrotrophic bog isolated from the marsh/fen complex by a Wisconsin-aged glacial esker of only 7 m ele- vation, the resident wetland carabid species assemblages differed significantly between the sites during the spring and summer seasons. Of 62 species observed in the wetlands, 36 were found exclusively in the marsh biotope, 17 were exclusive to the bog site, and only 9 were found at both sites. This level of wetland habitat fidelity was maintained in spite of potential colonization of the two sites each spring by adult beetles dispersing from overwintering sites in surrounding forest edge habitats. Pitfall sampling found 59 native carabid species, of which 52 were found during a survey conducted from 1916-1925, suggesting that the McLean Bogs Preserve sup- ports locally resident populations for the vast majority of carabid species found during this study. The McLean Bogs Preserve supports geographically southern, peripheral populations of the bog-specialist Platynus mannerheimiiDejean, as well as four marsh/fen-inhabiting species— Trechus crassiscapusLindroth, Bembidion muscicolaHayward, B. praticola Lindroth, and Bra- dycellus semipubescens Lindroth—emphasizing the role this preserve plays in maintaining the distributional ranges of both bog- and marsh-resident taxa. The distinct faunas observed in these two proximate biotopes clearly illustrate that comprehensive conservation of the carabid beetle fauna of northeastern North America should involve preservation of a variety of wetland types.
Ensuring Access to the Digital Campus

Many students of color and students with low socioeconomic status are entering higher education with little experience in using the academic tools that are required of them on the digital campus. The lack of computer competence and access to computers can become an additional barrier to their successful completion of a degree. This article discusses: pre-college access and use by different groups of students; cross-campus computing initiatives; the potential impact of the present inequities experienced by students of color in the context of cross-campus computing; and recommendations to enhance access to computers and the computer competence of students of color.
ApoE genotype affects allele-specific apo[a] levels for large apo[a] sizes in African Americans: the Harlem-Basset Study

The genetic variability of apolipoprotein E (apoE) influences plasma lipoprotein levels, and allele frequencies differ between African Americans and Caucasians. As African Americans have higher lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) levels than Caucasians, we investigated the effects of the apoE gene on allele-specific apolipoprotein [a] (apo[a]) levels across ethnicity. We determined apo[a] sizes, allele-specific apo[a] levels (i.e., levels associated with alleles defined by size), and the apoE gene polymorphism in 231 African Americans and 336 Caucasians. African Americans, but not Caucasians, with the apo E2 genotype had lower levels of Lp[a] compared with those with the apo E4 genotype (9.6 vs. 11.2 nmol/l; P = 0.034, expressed as square root levels). Distribution of apo[a] alleles across apoE genotypes were similar between African Americans and Caucasians. Among African Americans with large apo[a], the allele-specific apo[a] level was significantly lower among epsilon2 carriers compared with epsilon3 or epsilon4 carriers (5.4 vs. 6.6 and 7.4 nmol/l, respectively; P < 0.005, expressed as square root levels). In contrast, there was no significant difference in allele-specific apo[a] levels across apoE genotypes among Caucasians. For large apo[a] sizes, apoE genotype contributed to the observed African American-Caucasian differences in allele-specific apo[a] levels.
Effect of Calcium Salts of Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Dairy Cows in Early Lactation

Abstract Twenty dairy cows in early lactation were assigned to one of two dietary treatment groups based on milk production and days in milk. Treatments were a total mixed ration containing 13.2% whole cottonseed on a DM basis with or without added Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids. Treatments were fed ad libitum for 11 wk. Dry matter intake and body weight were not affected by treatment. The addition of Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids had no effect on yield of actual and FCM. Percent milk fat, lactose, and SCC did not differ between treatments. Percent milk protein tended to be lower for cows fed the diet containing calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids. Milk production efficiencies and NDF and ADF digestibilities were unaffected by treatment. Results indicate that diets containing high amounts of cottonseed may mask the effects of energy provided by Ca salts of long-chain fatty acids.
Enhanced word clustering for hierarchical text classification

In this paper we propose a new information-theoretic divisive algorithm for word clustering applied to text classification. In previous work, such "distributional clustering" of features has been found to achieve improvements over feature selection in terms of classification accuracy, especially at lower number of features [2, 28]. However the existing clustering techniques are agglomerative in nature and result in (i) sub-optimal word clusters and (ii) high computational cost. In order to explicitly capture the optimality of word clusters in an information theoretic framework, we first derive a global criterion for feature clustering. We then present a fast, divisive algorithm that monotonically decreases this objective function value, thus converging to a local minimum. We show that our algorithm minimizes the "within-cluster Jensen-Shannon divergence" while simultaneously maximizing the "between-cluster Jensen-Shannon divergence". In comparison to the previously proposed agglomerative strategies our divisive algorithm achieves higher classification accuracy especially at lower number of features. We further show that feature clustering is an effective technique for building smaller class models in hierarchical classification. We present detailed experimental results using Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines on the 20 Newsgroups data set and a 3-level hierarchy of HTML documents collected from Dmoz Open Directory.
Solubility Enhancement of a Bisnaphthalimide Tumoricidal Agent, DMP 840, Through Complexation

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to enhance the aqueous solubility of DMP 840 by complexation with water-soluble and nontoxic agents, and to understand the nature of the interactions involved in complex formation using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The solubility of DMP 840 in water, saline, acetate buffers, and cosolvent mixtures was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the effect of nicotinamide and pyridoxine concentrations on the solubility of DMP 840 was examined by the phase solubility method. 1H-NMR spectra were acquired in deuterated acetate buffer at 400 MHz on a Varian Unity-400 spectrometer. The aqueous solubility of DMP 840 was sensitive to the presence of chloride and acetate anions in solution, and did not improve in the presence of cosolvents. The use of the nontoxic and water-soluble complex-forming agents nicotinamide and pyridoxine, however, resulted in a linear increase in the aqueous solubility of DMP 840 with both ligands. The solubilization appears...
An analysis of tools for online anonymity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible explanations for the slow adoption and development of online anonymity technology. The ability to remain anonymous while engaging in different activities, online is increasingly sought after by consumers with privacy concerns. Currently, the only way to maintain online anonymity is through the use of technology. This paper reviews and analyzes the tools currently available to consumers to maintain online anonymity. There are only four tools available to consumers to ensure online anonymity: anonymous remailers, rewebbers, The Onion Router (Tor) and the Invisible Internet Project (I2P). These tools provide the protection needed for an Internet user to remain anonymous but suffer from a lack of usability and adoption. Design/methodology/approach – The authors have selected a few specific online anonymity technologies based on the following criteria: the technology satisfies our full anonymity definition, the technology is currently available for...
Molecular Basis of the Difference in Oxygen Affinity Between Maternal and Foetal Red Blood Cells in the Viviparous Garter Snake Thamnophis Elegans

Molecular mechanisms that may explain why oxygen affinity is higher in foetal than in maternal red blood cells were studied in the viviparous garter snake, Thamnophis elegans (Baird and Girard). Foetal and adult haemoglobins were structurally indistinguishable, as demonstrated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), sodium dodecyl sulphate PAGE, low pH/urea PAGE, and gel filtration column chromatography. Oxygen-binding studies of haemoglobin in the absence of organic phosphates showed that adult and foetal haemoglobins had relatively high affinities for oxygen, low Bohr coefficients, and Hill coefficients of about 4.0 at pH7.0. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) lowered the oxygen affinity of the haemoglobins from about 3.6 to 9.6mmHg (lmmHg=133.3 Pa) at pH6.8. Maternal red cells contained more nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) (primarily ATP) than did foetal cells by about 0.9molNTP mol −1 haemoglobin tetramer. No 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was detected in the cells. Combined levels of magnesium and calcium were comparable in maternal and foetal red cells. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) in foetal red cells were about 79% of maternal values. There were no significant differences in maternal and foetal methaemoglobin levels. It appears that a difference in maternal and foetal red cell organic phosphate concentrations, and possibly MCHC values, rather than a difference in haemoglobin structures, explain why oxygen affinity is higher in foetal than in maternal red blood cells in T. elegans .
Compression of Partially Saturated Cohesive Soils

Laterally confined compression tests on Vicksburg silty clay compacted on the dry side of the optimum water content show that (1) there is virtually no outflow of pore water during compression while the degree of saturation increases from 70% to 97% (2) the samples are permeable to air under a small pressure gradient at degrees of saturation exceeding 90%; (3) for the same stress increment ratio, the time rate of compression is independent of sample thickness and drainage conditions; and (4) for virgin compression, the time rate of compression increases with increasing stress increment ratio. The findings provide basis for an analysis of the equilibrium state of pore fluids and its relation to the compression phenomena of partially saturated soil.
Sources of anticipatory emotional distress in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer

Summary Background The contribution of classical conditioning processes to patients' distress before chemotherapy infusions (anticipatory distress) was compared to other potential sources of distress (e.g., trait anxiety). We hypothesized that posttreatment distress (putative unconditioned response) would become a stronger predictor of anticipatory distress as patients underwent more treatment infusions (putative conditioning trials). Materials and methods Fifty women with early stage breast cancer, undergoing standard chemotherapy, completed questionnaires in the clinic prior to each of eight consecutive treatment infusions, as well as telephone interviews to assess side effects following infusions. Results Consistent with the conditioning hypothesis, posttreatment distress became significantly related to anticipatory distress at the fourth infusion and became the strongest predictor by the sixth. Path analysis indicated that posttreatment distress had a direct influence on anticipatory distress, and that trait anxiety had an indirect influence by influencing apprehension about chemotherapy which, in turn, directly predicted anticipatory distress. Conclusions The results of the present study contribute to an emerging view of anticipatory distress as a conditioned response in chemotherapy patients. Results demonstrate that conditioning factors may be one of the strongest predictors of anticipatory distress in the later phases of chemotherapy treatment.
A new type of mass structured data duplicate data check

In this study, the data processing method of a large-scale isoface is used to reduce the storage space of internal memory, improve data structure, and achieve predictability. The design of an algorithm mainly includes the following tasks: increasing the operation speed by improving the parallel granular of the GPU, finishing the segmentation of the adaptive tetrahedral octree, calculating the dual points through the quadric error function in four-dimensional space, searching for the minimum edge as well as finishing the data structure of the edge and the design of the octree node, and proposing that the algorithm be constantly performed until all levels of the minimum edge are found. The result of the algorithm design for the large-scale data is that the speed of parallel algorithms improves and the effect becomes more obvious. Research on large-scale data access high-speed ratio and structure improvement have experimental and theoretical reference value.
Achalasia in the elderly. Effects of aging on clinical presentation and outcome.

Clinical and manometric data from 13 elderly subjects with idiopathic achalasia (mean age 79±2 years) were compared with findings from younger subjects with the same disease (n=79) to see if aging altered the presentation and outcome of this motor disorder. Fewer elderly subjects complained of chest pain (27% vs 53%), and the pain was significantly less severe (P<0.01). Other presenting features (including sex, duration of symptoms, and presence and severity of dysphagia) did not differ between the groups. Across all patients, age weakly and inversely correlated with residual postdeglutitive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (R=−0.34), and residual pressure was significantly lower in the older subjects (8.0±1.3 mm Hg vs 11.9±0.8 mm Hg;P=0.02). No differences in basal LES pressure or esophageal-body contraction amplitudes were present between the groups. Initial success with pneumatic dilation was similar in the two subject groups, but the number of older subjects available for analysis was too small to draw strong conclusions. These results indicate that aging decreases the elevation of LES residual pressure that occurs with achalasia. As elderly achalasia patients also present with less chest pain, the findings may be interrelated.
Youth Ministry After Christendom

AbstractThe author identifies historic factors supportive of the 20th-century church's embrace of a program model for youth ministry while showing how its location outside the centering practices of the church by century's end produced a strong theological critique. The presence of both qualitative and quantitative research data and the reality of post-Christendom strengthens this theological turn. Current youth ministry proposals are described as centered by the presence of vibrant, multigenerational, theologically involved congregations, an emphasis on the interpretive practices that help form baptismal vocational identity, and the presence of biblical narrative performances in the co-construction of congregational worship. Two authors of such proposals are discussed. Those who are asked to lead in such models will need competency in facilitating communal relationships as well as the ability to engage in the co-construction of a community's response to God in ministry and in worship.
The Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Wave-Energy Dissipation and Wave-Driven Currents at Buck Island Reef National Monument

ABSTRACT Wegner, C.E. and Ellis, J.T., 2017. The influence of sea-level rise on wave-energy dissipation and wave-driven currents at Buck Island Reef National Monument. Modern Caribbean reefs have undergone significant degradation in the past century because of various anthropogenic stressors, which include climate-change-related impacts, hurricanes, and, potentially, sea-level rise. Degraded reefs will be unable to maintain sufficient vertical accretion with substantial increases in sea level, which will alter the hydrodynamics of these systems. A reduction in wave dissipation by reefs has the potential to shift the shorelines behind the reefs, potentially resulting in economic and habitat losses for tropical shorelines. This study focused on a barrier reef with low, live coral cover (<10%) and accretion rates comparable to current rates of sea-level rise in the region (∼1.7 mm/y). Tides served as a proxy for sea-level rise, with the spring high tide representing a future low tide. These findings indicate...
Preference for Popular and World Music: A Review of Literature:

Reviews of literature on music preference may provide music educators with a variety of research on information, techniques, and methods to implement in the music classroom. Calls to widen the types of music used in curricula seem to underscore the importance of research exploring preference using music other than, and in addition to, Western art music. The present review of literature explores nonmusical factors, including external characteristics and listener characteristics, as well as musical factors contributing to decisions of musical preference related to popular and world music to aid educators in planning effective and meaningful music activities.
Smart Technologies for Cancer Prevention at the Community Health Level

This talk will focus on a patient centric technology for cervical cancer screening in low and middle income countries. The point of care tampon (POCkeT) colposcope reimagines a gynecologic exam by consolidating a traditional colposcope into the form factor of a tampon. The colposcope not only provides comparable image quality to a colposcope, but is battery operated and uses consumer products. This technology can also be adapted for speculum free gynecologic exams.
Infrared small and weak targets detection in single frame

The method of Infrared small and weak targets detection on the basis of background estimation is proposed in this paper.This method is the improved max-value background estimation arithmetic.In order to detect the small and point objects simultaneously,the four pre-estimation windows should keep certain distance with the object pixel.Thus the pixels in the pre-estimation windows represent the gray of background pixels around object. Multi degree and orientation method is used to recognize the objects that are detected in background estimation arithmetic,so as to remove most false objects.From the simulation experiment,the arithmetic can successfully detect small and weak targets in single frame.
Analysis of Error in Principle of Three-phase Two-element Reactive Transducers

In view of the widely used 90°interphase wiring mode of two power measuring elements for reactive power measurement in power system,the error in principle of three-phase two-element reactive transducers is analyzed.It is pointed out that the on-site live verification of the transducer is infeasible.
Overweight and Obese Pet Owners: Respondent and Pet Characteristics in the Rural Midwestern United States

ABSTRACTThe obesity epidemic has impacted both people and pets in the rural Midwestern United States (MWUS). Tailoring health advice to the socio-demographic characteristics and dietary patterns of owners and their pets can help promote adherence to health behavior changes for owners and foster health improvements for both owners and pets. The authors completed this cross-sectional study in the rural MWUS with the objective of describing health-related characteristics of non-over-weight/obese versus overweight/obese [NOO vs. OO] cat and dog owners and their pets. The primary aim was to detect differences that could inform health recommendations. For both cat and dog owners, dietary and lifestyle profiles differed between those who were non-overweight/obese and those who were overweight/obese. NOO dog owners trended toward fewer health problems, took fewer medications (p < 0.02), took more supplements (p < 0.03), and ate less fast food (p < 0.03) and more fish (p < 0.001) than OO owners. Dogs owned by NOO ...
Surveillance of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans and detection of the first imported human case in Taiwan, 3 April to 10 May 2013

On 3 April 2013, suspected and confirmed cases of influenza A(H7N9) virus infection became notifiable in the primary care sector in Taiwan, and detection of the virus became part of the surveillance of severe community-acquired pneumonia. On 24 April, the first imported case, reported through both surveillance systems, was confirmed in a man returning from China by sequencing from endotracheal aspirates after two negative throat swabs. Three of 139 contacts were ill and tested influenza A(H7N9)-negative.