cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Level set algorithm for shape reconstruction of multiple conducting cylinders with arbitrary cross-sections

In this paper, a level set algorithm is implemented for shape reconstruction of multiple perfect conducting objects in two-dimensions. Incident waves are assumed to be TM (Transverse Magnetic) plane waves. The presented results show the reconstruction of multiple cylinders up to five, with different cross-sections. The frequency hopping approach has shown a good convergence improvement.
Board Composition, Board Effectiveness, and the Observed Form of Takeover Bids

We show that bidding firms consider target board characteristics when deciding takeover offer types and initial offer premiums. We study a sample of 436 proposed negotiated mergers and bypass offers. Firms with individuals holding the titles of both chief executive officer (CEO) and board chair are more likely to receive bypass offers. These offers are more likely to be successful and generate higher target shareholder gains over the takeover offer period. When the target's board is independent, the target is less likely to receive a high premium and the offer is less likely to succeed. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Nonparametric Estimation of ROC Curves in the Absence of a Gold Standard

In the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of tests, a gold standard on the disease status is required. However, in many complex diseases, it is impossible or unethical to obtain such a gold standard. If an imperfect standard is used, the estimated accuracy of the tests would be biased. This type of bias is called imperfect gold standard bias. In this article we develop a nonparametric maximum likelihood method for estimating ROC curves and their areas of ordinal-scale tests in the absence of a gold standard. Our simulation study shows that the proposed estimators for the ROC curve areas have good finite-sample properties in terms of bias and mean squared error. Further simulation studies show that our nonparametric approach is comparable to the binormal parametric method, and is easier to implement. Finally, we illustrate the application of the proposed method in a real clinical study on assessing the accuracy of seven specific pathologists in detecting carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix.
A 2-GHZ three-stage AlInAs-GaInAs-InP HEMT MMIC low-noise amplifier

A three-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) low-noise amplifier (LNA) has been fabricated using 0.15- mu m-gate-length, InP-based (AlInAs-GaInAs) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. The LNA exhibited less than 0.5-dB noise figure and greater than 35-dB gain from 2.25 to 2.5 GHz. The input and output return loss exceeded 15 dB across the band. The results are believed to be the best reported to date for a MMIC amplifier in this frequency range. >
Sleep Architecture and Mental Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Men

Author(s): Smagula, Stephen F; Reynolds, Charles F; Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Dam, Thuy-Tien; Hughes-Austin, Jan M; Paudel, Misti; Redline, Susan; Stone, Katie L; Cauley, Jane A; Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group | Abstract: ObjectivesTo investigate the association of mood and anxiety symptoms with sleep architecture (the distribution of sleep stages) in community-dwelling older men.MethodWe used in-home unattended polysomnography to measure sleep architecture in older men. Men were categorized into 4 mental health categories: (a) significant depressive symptoms only (DEP+ only, Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 6), (b) significant anxiety symptoms only (ANX+ only, Goldberg Anxiety Scale ≥ 5), (c) significant depressive and anxiety symptoms (DEP+/ANX+), or (d) no significant depressive or anxiety symptoms (DEP-/ANX-).ResultsCompared with men without clinically significant symptomology, men with depressive symptoms spent a higher percentage of time in Stage 2 sleep (65.42% DEP+ only vs 62.47% DEP-/ANX-, p = .003) and a lower percentage of time in rapid eye movement sleep (17.05% DEP+ only vs 19.44% DEP-/ANX-, p = .0005). These differences persisted after adjustment for demographic/lifestyle characteristics, medical conditions, medications, and sleep disturbances, and after excluding participants using psychotropic medications. The sleep architecture of ANX+ or DEP+/ANX+ men did not differ from asymptomatic men.DiscussionDepressed mood in older adults may be associated with accelerated age-related changes in sleep architecture. Longitudinal community-based studies using diagnostic measures are needed to further clarify relationships among common mental disorders, aging, and sleep.
Cutting Edge: CD8+ Recent Thymic Emigrants Exhibit Increased Responses to Low-Affinity Ligands and Improved Access to Peripheral Sites of Inflammation

To explore the TCR sensitivity of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), we triggered T cells with altered peptide ligands (APLs). Upon peptide stimulation in vitro, RTEs exhibited increased TCR signal transduction, and following infection in vivo with APL-expressing bacteria, CD8 RTEs expanded to a greater extent in response to low-affinity Ags than did their mature T cell counterparts. RTEs skewed to short-lived effector cells in response to all APLs but also were characterized by diminished cytokine production. RTEs responding to infection expressed increased levels of VLA-4, with consequent improved entry into inflamed tissue and pathogen clearance. These positive outcomes were offset by the capacity of RTEs to elicit autoimmunity. Overall, salient features of CD8 RTE biology should inform strategies to improve neonatal vaccination and therapies for cancer and HIV, because RTEs make up a large proportion of the T cells in lymphodepleted environments.
The impact of clinical symptoms on quality of life in patients with advanced stage Parkinson's disease and their caregivers (P6.059)

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most bothersome symptoms of advance Parkinson disease (PD) and their impact on health-related quality of life (HQOL) for PD patients and caregiver burden in their caregivers. BACKGROUND: Guidelines to improve support for families with advance Parkinson’s disease are needed in everyday practice. DESIGN/METHODS: Thirty PD patient on Hoehn & Yahr stages 4 or 5 with cognitive impairment and loss of independence in 2 or more activities of daily living, and their 30 caregivers were recruited. Questionnaires on clinical aspects of PD, PDQ39, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HoHADS) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI) were administered. Within the questionnaire, patients and separately caregivers had to rank 46 symptoms by the most impact on their QoL. RESULTS: Median disease duration was 10 years. All except 1 patient were living at home with a regular caregiver, and 7 patients used home health services (23.3[percnt]). There was a positive correlation between ZCBI and caregiver HADS depression scores ( r = 0.60, p R 2 = 0.67, p R 2 = 0.45, p R 2 = 0.53, p R 2 = 0.6, p CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the impact of balance and cognitive problems on HQoL in advance PD. Thus, policies to improve in-home support with balance and cognitive therapy will be crucial in maintaining patients at home with substantial improvement of the QoL. The psychological support, and treatment of affect for caregivers could positively impact advance PD care. Study Supported by: National Parkinson Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Browner has nothing to disclose.
Membrane Phospholipid Metabolism in Sheared Endothelial Cells

Phospholipd metabolism in human endothelial cells during shear (22 dynes/cm2) was investigated using thin layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay. The onset of flow led to a significant decrease in phosphoinositide (PI) levels at early times (up to 5 min) But prolonged exposure of cells to shear stress i.e. 10 min to 30 min, resulted in a decrease in phosphatidyl choline (PC) without any significant alterations in PI levels. The level of IP3 was also measured by radioimmunoassay. We observed significantly elevated levels of IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) in cells sheared for 30 sec, 1,2, and 5 min. periods.
Methods to Study Determinants for Membrane Targeting of HIV-1 Gag In Vitro

Assembly of HIV-1 viral particles is a critical step of the HIV-1 life cycle; yet many details of this complex process are unknown. The Gag polyprotein drives viral particle assembly at the plasma membrane via three different types of interactions: protein-protein, protein-RNA, and protein-membrane interactions. As an approach to tease apart the importance of these interactions during viral particle assembly, in particular at the step of Gag membrane binding, we have developed an in vitro liposome-binding assay. Below we describe how to prepare liposomes, which serve as model membranes, and how to assess their interaction with Gag by liposome flotation centrifugation. Additionally, we outline extensions of this basic assay that can be used to address the role of RNA in regulating Gag-membrane interactions.
Non-linear compression: Gzip Me Not!

Most compression algorithms used in storage systems today are based on an increasingly outmoded sequential processing model. Systems wishing to decompress blocks out-of-order or in parallel must reset the compressor's state before each block, reducing adaptiveness and limiting compression ratios. To remedy this situation, we present Non-Linear Compression, a novel compression model enabling systems to impose an arbitrary partial order on inter-block dependencies. Mutually unordered blocks may be compressed and decompressed out-of-order or in parallel, and a compressor can adaptively compress each block based on all causally prior blocks. This graph structure captures the system's data dependencies explicitly and completely, enabling the compressor to adapt using long-lived state without the constraint of sequential processing. Preliminary experiences with a simple Huffman compressor suggest that non-linear compression fits a diverse set of storage applications.
Study on the Effects of Labor Division Evolution on Mountainous Agricultural Production Efficiency——Spatial Econometric Analysis of Mountainous County in Southern Sichuan

This paper,based on the county-level panel data,using the SBM-DEA model and spatial econometric analysis methods,evaluates the agricultural production efficiency of mountains in southern Sichuan,and analyses the effects of agricultural industrial division,agricultural products division and agricultural production processes division on it.The Result shows that the agricultural production efficiency of mountains in southern Sichuan presents a year-on-year growth trend,and has significantly spatial positive autocorrelation;agricultural industrial division and agricultural production processes division prompt the agricultural production efficiency of mountains,but the county-level agricultural products division has restraining effect.
The Establishment and Application of State Auditing Immune Response System——from the Perspective of Risks Management

By using the concept of risks management into state auditing,which is combined with the concept of immune response,the system of state auditing immune system can be divided into five parts,such as risks perception,risks specific identification and evaluation,risks response,information and communication,and supervision.Then,a relevant flow of state auditing immune response is designed.The flow is illustrated in detail by the control and management of risks about transfer land fees and the additional $4000 billion public investment plan for stimulating economic growth in China.
Feasibility study on 10 kV power cable upgraded to 20 kV system

The life index(n) value and withstand voltage level under 1 h power frequency(U1h)are the key factors of insulation design of power cable,which is very important for the 10 kV power cable upgraded to the 20 kV.The relation of the n and U1h and the security of voltage upgrading was found by the calculation of insulation design in the paper,the results were validated by using the step-break testing method,steady-voltage testing method,accelerated aging testing method and so on.The testing results show that the break strength under 1 h power frequency of 10 kV power cable is about 10.00~13.30 kV/mm,and the life index is 11,which indicates that about 90% of 10 kV cable can run under the 20 kV system directly or conditionally in the effectively grounded systems;however,only 70% of 10 kV cable can run under the 20 kV system directly or conditionally in the ineffectively grounded systems.
Interactive Model-Based Decision Making for Time-Critical Vehicle Routing

Advances in technology, software algorithms, and operations research methods provide the opportunity for effectively coupling the human decision maker with optimization modelling algorithms in large-scale systems operating in dynamic and uncertain environments. In military applications, such as search and rescue/destroy missions or real-time route planning or re-planning provide time windows within which critical decisions need to be made. Using a specially constructed human-computer integrated routing application, an evaluation was conducted to compare the effects of interactive model-based solutions with respect to automated solutions generated by mathematical modelling algorithms in the context of unmanned aerial vehicle route planning. Results indicate that significantly more high priority targets were covered in the human integrated approach compared to the automated solution without any significant degradation with respect to all the other dependent measures including percentage of total targets covered, low priority targets covered, total targets covered in threat zone, high priority targets covered in threat zone, and low priority targets covered in threat zone.
The influence of family-supportive supervisor training on employee job performance and attitudes: An organizational work-family intervention

Training supervisors to increase their family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) has demonstrated significant benefits for employee physical health, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions among employees with high levels of family-to-work conflict in prior research in a grocery store context. We replicate and extend these results in a health care setting with additional important employee outcomes (i.e., employee engagement, organizational commitment, and supervisor ratings of job performance), and consider the role of the 4 dimensions underlying the FSSB. Using a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design, 143 health care employees completed surveys at 2 time periods approximately 10 months apart, along with their supervisors who provided ratings of employees' job performance. Between these surveys, we offered their supervisors FSSB training; 86 (71%) of these supervisors participated. Results demonstrated significant and beneficial indirect effects of FSSB training on changes in employee job performance, organizational commitment, engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions through changes in employee perceptions of their supervisor's overall FSSBs. Further analyses suggest that these indirect effects are due primarily to changes in the creative work-family management dimension of FSSB. (PsycINFO Database Record
Introduction: The Promise of Participation

In the late 20th century, “participation” became a buzzword across the social sciences. Participation appeared in almost everyone’s list of solutions to almost everyone’s list of social ailments. Where democracy was procedural and insufficiently inclusive, participation could make democracy embrace new voices. Where citizens were too cynical, participation could help them appreciate government efforts or obtain tools to change the status quo. Where markets excluded small producers and buyers, expanding participation in resource mobilization (through microcredit) and enterprise formation (through cooperatives) could ameliorate market failures. Where development projects ignored local conditions and needs, more participation could create ownership among project beneficiaries, and, thus, greater sustainability. And if governance was too top-down, participation offered the promise of expanding the channels of communication between state officials and citizens.1
Pocket parks as community building blocks: A focus on Stapleton, CO

AbstractConcern for resources and energy, as well as limited physical space, has created a market for communities that use compact development with small residential lots to achieve efficient design. The Stapleton development in Denver, Colorado, is a smart growth, new urban-style community that offers shared neighborhood pocket parks to residents instead of large individual yards for outdoor activities. Our study assesses resident perceptions of pocket parks as an alternative to private yards and investigates pocket parks as places that foster community interaction. This article is informed by two empirical studies: a park preference survey and a series of walking interviews held with community members. We found that, in Stapleton, pocket parks do help foster community interaction and are generally perceived as a positive community amenity. Our study contributes to the discourse on social interaction in communal spaces, particularly in smart growth, new urban-style developments where pocket parks are off...
Delayed timing of heart and arterial sounds in patients with implanted pacemakers.

We have recorded the timing of the heart sounds and the arterial sounds with reference to the onset of each cardiac cycle in 16 patients before and after implantation of a pacemaker prosthesis, and in an additional 18 patients after pacemaker implantation only. The interval between the QRS complex and the Korotkoff sound at diastolic pressure (QKd) is markedly prolonged, from 206 to 294 msec, a change corresponding to 10 standard errors of the mean difference. Likewise, the Q-Korotkoff interval at systolic pressure (QKS) is prolonged from 329 to 414 msec. The interval between the QRS complex and the onset of the first sound (S1) is prolonged by approximately 90 msec, whereas the interval between the QRS and the second heart sound (S2) is prolonged by 70 msec. We noted an associated increase in heart rate, a slight decrease in systolic pressure, an increase in diastolic pressure, a decrease in pulse pressure, and a slight decrease in the ΔP/Δt at the brachial artery measured indirectly and noninvasively.
Developing Characters Through Neuroscience Findings

Traditionally, knowledge-based education focuses on academic performance such as standardized testing scores of math and literacy, but academic performance does not guarantee success in work and life, instead character-based education that focuses on the development of character strengths is more important. Just like a bird needs two wings to fly, our education not only needs to equip students with reading, writing and math skills, but also should help them develop character strengths such as self-control, compassion, and wisdom that are also critical life skills for successful employment, marriages, and citizenship. Our and others' studies suggest that we could incorporate the latest neuroscience findings into character development.
Modification of Hamiltonian Structure to Stabilize An Underwater Vehicle

Abstract This paper presents new results on stabilization of an underwater vehicle using internal rotors. In previous work, a stabilizing control law was derived which preserves the open-loop Hamiltonian structure in the closed-loop system but which modifies the Hamiltonian. The results presented here illustrate the utility of feedback control that not only shapes the energy but also modifies the Hamiltonian structure.
The plasma environment inside geostationary orbit: A Van Allen Probes HOPE survey.

The two full precessions in local time completed by the Van Allen Probes enable global specification of the near-equatorial inner magnetosphere plasma environment. Observations by the Helium-Oxygen-Proton-Electron (HOPE) mass spectrometers provide detailed insight into the global spatial distribution of electrons, H+, He+, and O+. Near-equatorial omnidirectional fluxes and abundance ratios at energies 0.1–30 keV are presented for 2 ≤ L ≤ 6 as a function of L-shell, magnetic local time (MLT), and geomagnetic activity. We present a new tool built on the UBK modeling technique for classifying plasma sheet particle access to the inner magnetosphere. This new tool generates access maps for particles of constant energy for more direct comparison with in situ measurements, rather than the traditional constant-μ presentation typically associated with UBK. We present for the first time inner magnetosphere abundances of O+ flux relative to H+ flux as a function of Kp, L, MLT, and energy. At L = 6, the O+/H+ ratio increases with increasing Kp, consistent with previous results. However, at L < 5 the O+/H+ ratio generally decreases with increasing Kp. We identify a new “afternoon bulge” plasma population enriched in 10 keV O+ and super-enriched in 10 keV He+ that is present during quiet/moderate geomagnetic activity (Kp < 5) at ~1100–2000 MLT and L-shell 2–4. Drift path modeling results are consistent with the narrow energy and approximate MLT location of this enhancement, but the underlying physics describing its formation, structure, and depletion during higher geomagnetic activity are currently not understood.
Toward the Future

An increased interest in comparing neuropsychological syndromes across cultures (cross-cultural neuropsychology) has been observed during recent years; however, little interest is observed in comparing these syndromes over time (“cross-temporal” neuropsychology). Neuropsychology as a scientific area began during the mid and late nineteenth century, and most neuropsychological syndromes were described during the nineteenth and early twentieth century (e.g., aphasia, alexia, agraphia, acalculia). Cultural evolution has been particularly accelerated during the last century due to the technological advances; consequently, living conditions and social organization have dramatically changed. In this chapter, an analysis of the impact of the new technologies and living conditions in spoken language, spatial orientation, written language, calculation abilities, and executive functions is presented. It is concluded that new cultural conditions have changed both the cortical organization of cognitive functions as well as the way these cognitive functions are mediated, that is, their extracortical organization. Technological developments continue and new significant changes are anticipated toward the future.
Energy efficiency enhancement and linear amplifications: An envelope-tracking (ET) approach

Abstract This chapter presents the envelope-tracking (ET) technique, its general design considerations, and a silicon-based design example. This ET technique has been widely used for backoff efficiency enhancement of radio frequency power amplifiers (PAs) in broadband wireless applications. The chapter starts with a short introduction on why the ET-PA architecture is very attractive for low-power 3G/4G handset PA design. Then, the general design considerations and trade-offs in an ET-PA are presented, particularly with an emphasis on silicon-based implementation. The ET-PA example uses a pseudo-differential PA designed with two integrated SiGe power cells fabricated in a 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with through-silicon-via. In the continuous wave measurement, the PA achieves a saturated output power (POUT) of around 2 W with power-added efficiency (PAE) above 65% across the bandwidth of 0.7–1.0 GHz. To optimize the ET-PA system performance, several envelope-shaping methods such as DC shifting, envelope scaling, envelope clipping, and envelope attenuation at backoff have been investigated carefully. A highly efficient monolithic CMOS envelope modulator integrated circuit is designed in a 0.35-μm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS process to mate with our SiGe PA. With the LTE 16 QAM 5/10/20 MHz input signals, our ET-PA system achieves around 28 dBm linear POUT, passing the stringent LTE linearity specifications, such as the spectrum emission mask with an average composite system PAE of 42.3%/41.1%/40.2%, respectively. No predistortion is applied in this design example, suggesting broadband ET-PA can be applied to handsets, as the first ET-PA handsets already on the market at 2014.
Non-reciprocal elastic wave propagation in 2D phononic membranes with spatiotemporally varying material properties

Abstract One-dimensional phononic materials with material fields traveling simultaneously in space and time have been shown to break elastodynamic reciprocity resulting in unique wave propagation features. In the present work, a comprehensive mathematical analysis is presented to characterize and fully predict the non-reciprocal wave dispersion in two-dimensional space. The analytical dispersion relations, in the presence of the spatiotemporal material variations, are validated numerically using finite 2D membranes with a prescribed number of cells. Using omnidirectional excitations at the membrane's center, wave propagations are shown to exhibit directional asymmetry that increases drastically in the direction of the material travel and vanishes in the direction perpendicular to it. The topological nature of the predicted dispersion in different propagation directions are evaluated using the computed Chern numbers. Finally, the degree of the 2D non-reciprocity is quantified using a non-reciprocity index (NRI) which confirms the theoretical dispersion predictions as well as the finite simulations. The presented framework can be extended to plate-type structures as well as 3D spatiotemporally modulated phononic crystals.
Derivation and validation of a practical Bedside Score for the diagnosis of cholecystitis

Abstract Objective We sought to develop a practical Bedside Score for the diagnosis of cholecystitis and test its accuracy against the Tokyo Guidelines (TG13). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 438 patients undergoing urban, academic Emergency Department (ED) evaluation of RUQ pain. Symptoms, physical signs, ultrasound signs, and labs were scoring system candidates. A random split-sample approach was used to develop and validate a new clinical score. Multivariable regression analysis using development data was conducted to identify predictors of cholecystitis. Cutoff values were chosen to ensure positive/negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of at least 0.95. The score was externally validated in 80 patients at a different hospital undergoing RUQ pain evaluation. Results 230 patients (53%) had cholecystitis. Five variables predicted cholecystitis and were included in the scores: gallstones, gallbladder thickening, clinical or ultrasonographic Murphy's sign, RUQ tenderness, and post-prandial symptoms. A clinical prediction score was developed. When dichotomized at 4, overall accuracy for acute cholecystitis was 90% for the development cohort, 82% and 86% for the internal and external validation cohorts; TG13 accuracy was 62%–79%. Conclusions A clinical prediction score for cholecystitis demonstrates accuracy equivalent to TG13. Use of this score may streamline work-up by decreasing the need for comprehensive ultrasound evaluation and CRP measurement and may shorten ED length of stay.
Dynamic wetting of dense Ni foil by molten carbonate

Abstract Wetting is an important factor that affects the active reaction area inside the porous Ni anode in molten carbonate fuel cell stacks. To provide a relatively simple base case, the dynamic wetting of the dense Ni foil was investigated under different atmospheres, including reducing atmosphere (80%H2 + 20%CO2 humidified at 45 °C), pure CO2 atmosphere and, oxidizing atmosphere (1%O2 + 99%N2). It was demonstrated that the water-gas shift reaction occurs at the interface of dense Ni foil and the molten carbonate under reducing atmosphere but not under CO2 atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere. The contact angle was affected by the mass of the carbonate pellet under reducing atmosphere but not under CO2 atmosphere. The contact angle decreased rapidly under oxidizing atmosphere due to the formation of nickel oxides on the surface.
Predator recognition of chemical cues in crayfish: diet and experience influence the ability to detect predation threats

Aquatic prey often alter their morphology, physiology, and/or behaviour when presented with predatory chemical cues which are heavily influenced by the diet of the predator. We tested the roles that diet and prey familiarity with predators play in the ability of prey to recognize predator threats. Odours from two fish, bass and cichlid fed a vegetarian, protein, heterospecific, and a conspecific diet, were collected and presented to virile crayfish in a choice arena. Our results show that crayfish altered their behaviour in the presence of odours containing conspecific, as opposed to heterospecific diets, but only from familiar predators. A reduced anti-predator response was measured with odours from an unfamiliar predator fed conspecific crayfish. Therefore, crayfish may be able to determine different threat levels based on the different dietary cues from a potential predator, but only when the prey have familiarity with the predators.
The Implications of Crack

At times the repackaging of a product can have marked effects on its sales, distribution system and consumption patterns. When a drug like cocaine is involved, improvements in availability, pricing and convenience of use can produce major shifts in its acceptability.
Aesthetic Identity, Race, and American Folk Music

This article uses the concept of aesthetic identity to interrogate the relationship among musical genres, social movements and racial identity. American folk music has at some times subverted and other times reinforced the categorical boundaries between blacks and whites in twentieth-century United States. Aesthetic identity is the cultural alignment of artistic genres to social groups by which groups come to feel that genres represent “our” or “their” art, music, and literature. Genre boundaries then become social boundaries. Folk music inverts the usual relationship of genre and social boundaries. Folk music is always the culture of some “other,” either racial, regional, class, or national. Before it was called folk music, American vernacular music was much more racially integrated than the society around it, creolized across a spectrum from predominantly European to predominantly Africaninfluenced, but with most exhibiting both. Before the era of commercial recording, black and white musicians sang the same music, learned techniques and songs from each other, and shared a social world of performance. The concept of folk music was created by academic elites, but remained unfamiliar to most people until the organized left took it on as a cultural project in the late 1930s and 1940s. Both academic elites and political activists constructed the genre as an alternative to the racialized genres that the commercial recording industry had dubbed “race records” and “hillbilly music.” American communists and their allies were especially self-conscious about using folk music as an instrument of racial solidarity in a particularly racially polarized era. Submerged by McCarthyism until the 1960s, folk music was revived as a racially unified genre, but quickly became whitened. My explanation for why the folk revival was so white revolves around three factors: the continuing legacy of commercial racial categories, the failure of the New Left to control music through a cultural infrastructure as effectively as had the old left, and the cultural momentum of an understanding of folk music as
Microtubules play an essential role in the survival of primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells advancing through G1 phase.

ABSTRACTWe recently reported that primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells are susceptible to the microtubule depolymerizing agent vincristine (VCR) in G1 phase. This finding prompted testi...
Release and binding of epidermal growth factor in the pancreas of rats.

Previous studies showed that EGF is produced by salivary and duodenal glands and released in saliva and duodenal secretion. Using specific radioimmunoassay of EGF, this study showed that the salivary glands and duodenal mucosa contain high levels of EGF, reaching, respectively, about 38 and 4 μg/g of tissue weight. EGF immunoreactivity was also found in high amounts in the pancreatic tissue (20 μg/g) and the pancreatic juice (32 ng/mL), where the content of EGF was found to increase in response to feeding, cholecystokinin, or bombesin and to decrease after the administration of atropine and somatostatin. Studies on the binding of EGF revealed that pancreatic acinar membranes possess the specific and saturable EGF receptors with a high affinity sites with Kd of about 4.3 nM and binding capacity of about 62 fmol/mg of protein, and with low affinity sites with Kd of 21 nM and binding capacity of about 180 fmol/mg of protein. The observed high content of immunoreactive EGF in the pancreatic tissue and the presence of high and low affinity binding sites for EGF in the pancreatic acinar membranes, as well as the high EGF output in the pancreatic juice and its alterations in response to hormonal and postprandial stimulation, suggest an important role of EGF in pancreatic physiology.
Three basic stoneware glazes for cone six oxidation which may be changed in color or texture by the addition of common materials such as sand, clay soil, crushed gravel, or metal filings

approved __ SUCH AS SAND, CLAY SOIL, This thesis maintains that gl~es may be oolored or textured by the addition of oommon substances such as metal filings, gravels. sands. or local olays. Three 'basic glazes were ohosenl one transparent, one mat, and one semi~at. To these basic glazes more than fifty inorganic materials were added in separate test batches. A diversity of results was produced~ ranging from a glossy, s'and-speokled glaZ'6 to 8. rough glaze made with aluminum shavings} from a white, iridescent glaze made ~th gypsum to a dull. gun-metal blaok glaze made with brass shavings; from a transparent colorless glaz'e made with aspirin tablets to a dark green trans luoent glaze made With copper filings. This study can be used as the bas is for a unit on glazes in a seoond~ school classroom; its purpose is to serve as an introduotion to gla~es, while teaohing the students an appreoiation of some of the earth I S abundant raw mater ials and how they can be used in ceramic glazes. THREE BASIC ST01-r:&WARE· GLAZES FOR CONE SIX OXIDATION "WHICH MAY BE CHANGED IN COLOR OR TE.c"'{TURE BY THE ADDITION OF COMMON V~TERIALS SUCH AS SAND, CLAY SOIL. CRUSHED GRAVEL" OR METAL FILINGS.
The Social Nature of Leisure Involvement

The involvement construct has been used to explain a variety of leisure-related phenomena. While these efforts have made valuable contributions toward furthering the field's understanding of leisur...
Coding and Interpretation of Effects in Analysis of Data from a Factorial Experiment

This chapter is intended to describe the differences between effect coding and dummy coding when the multiple regression approach is used to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) with balanced (i.e., an equal number of subjects in each experimental condition) factorial designs. Using a hypothetical example of a 23 factorial experiment, we present these two coding schemes for categorical independent variables and explain how the effects estimated can have different interpretations depending on the coding scheme used. Particular attention is paid to highlighting how and why differences exist and when a researcher might want to use one coding scheme over another. We demonstrate that effect coding is usually preferred for analyzing data from factorial experiments in the optimization phase of the multiphase optimization strategy.
பல்கலைக்கழகங்களின் தமிழ்ப் பாடநூல்கள் தரம் குறித்து படிப்பினை தரும் சென்ற நூற்றாண்டு நிகழ்வுகள்: The lesson learnt in the last century regarding the maintaining of Quality in Tamil Syllabus

Learning Lessons from the past: A review of the last century Tamil Pozhil Tamil Journal articles revels a literary criticism and a heated debate over P. S. Subrahmanya Sastri's book Tolkāppiyam: Collatikāram. These events that took place for years, and the efforts put forth by the Tamil scholars teach the importance to maintain the quality of University Tamil Textbook Standards. This debate could be seen in the articles published in the monthly journal Tamil Pozhil. Hence keeping the standard of syllabus in the Tamil Curriculum becomes the dire need. The debate that went on in the last century indicates the emphasis to maintain a Quality Tamil Syllabus in the text books. Key words: University Tamil Textbooks Standards, Tamil Pozhil, Tamil language, Tolkappiyam, Sollathikaram. ஆயவுச சுருககம பலகலைககழகததின தமிழப பாடநூலகளின தரம குறிததப படிபபினையைத தரும செனற நூறறாணடு நிகழவுகளை முனவைககும கடடுரை இது. ‘தொலகாபபியம: சொலலதிகாரம’ எனும தலைபபிலான பி. எஸ. சுபபிரமணிய சாஸதிரியின நூல கடுமையான இலககிய விமரசனமததையும சூடான விவாதததை ஏறபடுததிறறு. பல வருடஙகளாக நடைபெறற இநத சமபவஙகள மறறும பலகலைககழக தமிழ பாடநெறி நியமஙகளின தரததை கறபிபபதறகாக தமிழ அறிஞரகளால முனவைககபபடட முயறசிகள இவை. இநத விவாதம மாதாநதிர பததிரிகையான தமிழ பொழில கடடுரைகளில காணலாம. எனவே, தமிழ பாடததிடடததில பாடததிடடததின தரநிலையை வைததுக கொளவது அவசியமாகிறது. கடநத நூறறாணடில நடநத விவாதமானது, உரை புததகஙகளில தரமான தமிழப பாடததிடடததின முககியததுவததை குறிககிறது. குறிபபுச சொறகள: பலகலைககழக பாட நூலகளின தரம, தமிழப பொழில, தமிழ மொழி, தொலகாபபியம, சொலலதிகாரம.
Retrospective nationwide occurrence of fipronil and its degradates in U.S. wastewater and sewage sludge from 2001 - 2016.

Abstract The insecticide fipronil is under regulatory scrutiny worldwide for its toxicity to pollinators and aquatic invertebrates. We conducted the first U.S. nationwide, longitudinal study of sewage sludges for fiproles, i.e., the sum of fipronil and its major degradates (fipronil sulfone, sulfide, amide, and desulfinyl). Archived sludges (n = 109) collected in three campaigns over 15 years were analyzed by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, revealing ubiquitous fiprole occurrence (0.2–385.3 μg/kg) since 2001 and a significant increase (2.4 ± 0.3 fold; p
Using Combined Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Data Mining Methods for Work Zone Safety: A Case Analysis

Abstract Work zone accidents are important concerns for transportation decision-makers. Therefore, knowledge of driving behaviors and traffic patterns are essential for identifying significant risk factors (RF) in work zones. Such knowledge can be difficult obtain in a field study without introducing new risks or driving hazards. This research uses integrated data mining and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods as part of a simulator-based case study of work zone logistics along a highway in Missouri. The research design incorporates k-mean clustering to cluster driving behavior trends, analytic network process (ANP) to determine weights for criteria that are most likely to impact work zones, and the Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method to rank the alternatives (clusters). Transportation engineers and decision makers can use results from this case study to identify driving populations most likely to engage in risky driving behaviors within work zones, and to provide guidance on effective work zone management.
THE TONE PATTERNS IN THE KIKAMBA VERB COMPLEX

The description of tone in Bantu Languages has not been a popular subject for conference papers or for postgraduate research by local linguists in the local set up. This is particularly because tone is not given appropriate emphasis in the linguistic courses taught in our universities both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels. This continues to happen despite the fact that many African languages are tone languages. As a result, our graduates usually find themselves ill-prepared to handle issues of tone, even in their mother tongues. Though some of them may be able to provide pairs of words that differ minimally in tone, majority of them cannot say which melodies are associated with which segments in the words. In other words, they have not been trained to ‘hear’ and categorise tone. Key words : Kikamba, tone, language, Kenya
Unreadable Stares: Imperial Narratives and the Colonial Gaze in Gravity's Rainbow

The colonial situation–that is, the relation, especially the power dynamics, between the colonizer and the colonized–plays an important part in much of Pynchon's writing. In the early short story "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna," an Ojibwa Indian, brought like a prize of conquest to Washington, DC, erupts into a traditional homicidal psychosis of his tribe, exposing as empty and powerless the capital-crowd cocktail-party conversation which seeks to define and control him. In V., Foppl's siege party seeks to conjure up the ecstasy of power associated with von Trotha's 1904 genocidal campaign against the Hereros; and British explorer Hugh Godolphin, like Conrad's Marlow, recognizes the connection between the process of mapping and naming unknown spaces and the imperial desire to know and thus control the world. "A Journey into the Mind of Watts" and Vineland both suggest that potentially dissident sections of the United States are metaphorical third-world countries and are brought under control through imperial processes. And, of course, Mason & Dixon focuses on the ways institutionalized ideologies, epistemologies and discourses seek to possess a continent and control its people.
Automatic Fine-Tuning in the Two-Flavor Schwinger Model

I discuss the two-flavor Schwinger model both without and with fermion masses. I argue that the phenomenon of "conformal coalescence," in unparticle physics in which linear combinations of short-distance operators can disappear from the long-distance theory, makes it easy to understand some puzzling features of the model with small fermion masses. In particular, I argue that for an average fermion mass m_{f} and a mass difference δm, so long as both are small compared to the dynamical gauge boson mass m=esqrt[2/π], isospin-breaking effects in the low-energy theory are exponentially suppressed by powers of exp[-(m/m_{f})^{2/3}] even if δm≈m_{f}. In the low-energy theory, this looks like exponential fine-tuning, but it is done automatically by conformal coalescence.
TM Polarized Photon Pair Generation in Linearly Uncoupled Silicon Resonators

We demonstrate photon pair production with measured rates above 1 kHz in linearly uncoupled resonators in a silicon waveguide using highly dispersive TM polarized light. This approach extends the capabilities of quantum devices in silicon.
Teaching NeuroImages: Spinal Neurosarcoidosis: An Eccentric Manifestation.

A 56-year-old woman with a history of remote T11 traumatic spinal transection and residual paraplegia presented with subacute left arm pain, weakness, and sensory loss. MRI spine showed C4-7 patchy T2 cord signal and an eccentric enhancing focus with subpial involvement (figure 1). CSF studies were unremarkable, including negative oligoclonal bands. An extensive immunologic and infectious evaluation for subacute myelitis was unrevealing. However, given the subpial and intramedullary involvement in the spine,1,2 a systemic search for sarcoidosis was initiated. Asymptomatic hilar lymphadenopathy was diagnosed with CT chest, and a subsequent lymph node biopsy confirmed the clinical suspicion (figure 2). She was diagnosed with probable neurosarcoidosis1,2 and started on immunosuppresion.
Complications associated with PlasmaBlade TnA during tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy from 2010 to 2020: A MAUDE study.

Abstract Purpose The pulsed-electron avalanche knife (PEAK) PlasmaBlade TnA (Medtronic, n.d.) is a relatively new electrosurgical technology that is used widely in head and neck surgery (Medtronic Manuals, n.d.). This study aims to summarize device malfunctions, patient complications, and subsequent interventions related to PEAK PlasmaBlade TnA during tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Materials and methods The US Food and Drug Administration's Manufacture and User Facility Device Experience database was queried for reports of PlasmaBlade TnA adverse events from June 6, 2009, to August 30, 2020. Data were extracted from reports pertaining to tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Results 128 reports were identified, from which 163 adverse events were extracted. Of these, 23 (14.6%) were related to patients, and 140 (85.4%) were related to device malfunction. The most frequently reported patient-related adverse event was a burn injury (17 [73.9%]). The most common device malfunctions were dislodgment of device component (39 [27.9%]), followed by tip ignition (32 [22.9%]), damaged tip or wire during operation (28 [20%]), and melted device (24 [17.1%]). Conclusions PEAK PlasmaBlade TnA have demonstrated utility in tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy but are associated with adverse events. Interventions aimed at improving both physician and patient education may help reduce adverse events attributed to improper use. Further study is needed to clarify optimal approaches to education.
T3 augmentation in major depressive disorder: Sex and age differences

Abstract Objective T3 use with antidepressants has long been studied. Studies have shown that T3 augmentation is particularly beneficial in various subsets of the population, including individuals with treatment-resistant depression, atypical depression, and particular genetic polymorphisms. This study aims to identify specific populations that may benefit most from T3 augmentation using sex and age to create a targeted treatment plan for patients with depression. Methods Data was obtained from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) Study. Data were extracted for the 73 patients who received T3 in addition to their antidepressant therapy. Patients were given the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician depression assessment before and after treatment with T3. Improvement with T3 was calculated as percent improvement based on the difference in scores from these assessments. Statistical analysis was conducted using exploratory correlational analysis and independent samples t-tests. Results In men, there was a significant negative correlation between the age and percent improvement in depressive symptoms, while in women, there was no correlation. An age median split of the data revealed differences in younger versus older patients. In the younger group, there was no significant difference in percent improvement in men versus women. However, there was a significant difference in percent improvement in men versus women in the older group. Conclusion This study suggests that age and sex affect gain with T3 augmentation. Our results indicate that T3 augmentation is a beneficial treatment overall and is the least helpful in older men.