cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Heat Conductivity of Tungsten and the Cooling Effects of Leads upon Filaments at Low Temperatures

The theory and the equations governing the temperature distribution, resistance, and heat flow in a tungsten filament as affected by its leads are given for the low temperature range (600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K), both for the general case and for several special cases. A low temperature vs. current scale for tungsten is calculated from these equations using measurements of heat conductivity given in this paper and previously obtained data on the radiating properties and resistance of tungsten. It is given in the form of tables and formulas from which, knowing the current, filament dimensions, and lead and bulb temperatures one can find the maximum temperature, ${T}_{1}$, of the filament. Methods are described for calculating the effect on ${T}_{1}$ of a spring attached to one end of the filament. The heat conductivity of tungsten, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, was determined experimentally for this low temperature range. $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ at 273\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is 1.66 watts ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{deg}.}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and decreases with rising temperature according to the equation $log\ensuremath{\lambda}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9518=0.30logT$ to 1.31 at 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the Cognitive Behavioral Tradition: Assumptions, Model, Methods, and Outcomes

Abstract Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an evidence-based therapeutic approach combining acceptance and mindfulness methods with commitment and behavior change methods in order to promote psychological flexibility. Drawing upon traditional behavioral principles, ideas in evolution science, and an empirical program in human language and higher cognition in the form of relational frame theory, ACT is a theoretically coherent, process-driven therapy that has been successful at treating a diverse set of psychological issues. This present chapter is an overview of the theoretical principles underlying the therapy, the processes that are utilized in the approach, and a brief summary of the empirical evidence in support of ACT.
Editorial Commentary: Success of Rotator Cuff Healing—Do We Need to Improve on the Strength Anymore?

Abstract We have had significant progress in improving the biomechanical strength of arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs over the past 3 decades. The field has advanced from simple suture repairs to double-row, transosseous, massive cuff and rip-stop constructs. I do think our focus next should be on improving the biology of tendon healing to improve our clinical outcomes.
Abstract 439: Atherosclerosis Development is Reduced in Mice With Blunted Biliary Cholesterol Secretion

Excessive accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries drives atherosclerosis development. It is believed that biliary cholesterol secretion is crucial for eliminating excess cholesterol from the body via reverse cholesterol transport. In the current study, we wanted to determine the impact of reduced biliary cholesterol secretion on atherosclerosis development in mice. Decreased biliary cholesterol secretion was achieved by hepatic over-expression of human NPC1L1 (L1Tg mice) combined with knockdown of hepatic ABCG5/G8 function using an ABCG8 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). LDLR-/- and LDLR-/-/L1Tg mice received either control or ABCG8 ASO and were fed a high fat (42% Kcal)/low cholesterol diet (0.015% wt/wt) for 20 weeks. As expected, L1Tg mice and mice with hepatic ABCG8 knockdown had an >70% reduction in biliary cholesterol. The dramatic decrease in biliary cholesterol did not increase plasma cholesterol, and in fact mice with hepatic ABCG8 knockdown had reduced VLDL cholesterol. Even more surprising, aortic atherosclerosis was significantly decreased in mice with compromised biliary cholesterol secretion. LDLR-/-/L1Tg treated with ABCG8 ASO had a >90% reduction in biliary cholesterol yet had ~70% less atherosclerosis compared to LDLR-/- controls. Moreover, reducing biliary cholesterol had no impact on macrophage reverse cholesterol transport, fecal excretion of neutral sterol, and hepatic expression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis (HMG CoA reductase/synthase) and HDL metabolism (ABCA1 and SR-BI). These results indicate that atherosclerosis development can be decreased by shunting cholesterol away from biliary secretion and potentially towards trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion or bile acid synthesis.
Data (after)Lives at the University of Pittsburgh: A Constellations Exhibition in the University Art Gallery

This brief essay presents the exhibition Data (after)Lives , which was held in the University Art Gallery at the University of Pittsburgh from September 8 to October 14, 2016. This show was the culmination of a year’s work between the Department of History of Art and Architecture (HAA) and several outside collaborators. It was produced within the Constellations model of research and teaching that is fundamental to the workings of the HAA department as well as to the Visual Media Workshop, the digital humanities lab directed by Alison Langmead ( https://haa.pitt.edu/visual-media-workshop ), the lead curator of Data (after)Lives . This essay gathers together a few texts produced for the exhibition and presents the experience of working on the show, which was produced by an exceptional group of people, all of whom brought fantastic insight and energy to the project. The online exhibition of Data (after)Lives: The Persistence of Encoded Identity is currently on view at the University Art Gallery website ( http://uag.pitt.edu ).
Color-Blind Nationalism, US Empire, and the Conundrum of Race in the Late Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Spanish Caribbean

This essay reviews the following works: Borderland on the Isthmus: Race, Culture, and the Struggle for the Canal Zone. By Michael E. Donoghue. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 333. $25.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822356783. Scripts of Blackness: Race, Cultural Nationalism, and U.S. Colonialism in Puerto Rico. By Isar P. Godreau. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 291. $35.00 paper. ISBN: 9780252080456. The Mulatto Republic: Class, Race, and Dominican National Identity. By April J. Mayes. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014. Pp. viii + 187. $69.95 cloth. ISBN: 9780813049199. Cuba’s Racial Crucible: The Sexual Economy of Social Identities, 1750–2000. By Karen Y. Morrison. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 327. $32.00 paper. ISBN: 9780253016546.
Progression of product energy efficiency requirements in the European union

This paper assesses the European Union (EU) approach to regulating product energy efficiency. The EU has two framework Directives, both now recast, one published in 2009 and the other in 2010. These two Directives form part of a broader EU framework for an integrated approach to energy savings, climate change and environmental gains. These framework Directives have multiple objectives: to promote sustainable development and product energy efficiency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, secure the EU energy supply, reduce demand on natural resources, empower consumers to purchase energy efficient products and save money, and create a level playing field in the EU single market for producers by harmonizing national laws to prevent barriers to trade.
On the Assignment of Molecular Rydberg Series

The strategy behind the identification of Rydberg series, and the reliability of such identifications, is a function of both the complexity and the resolution of the Rydberg spectral region (i.e., that region of the spectrum, usually in the vacuum ultraviolet, extending from photo-ionization limit to lower energies). Two extreme cases illustrate this view.
Genital Involvement as a Result of Reactive Arthritis

Reactive arthritis (ReA) is an inflammatory arthritis within the larger category of spondyloarthropathies (SpA).
Educational Outcomes and Standards for Students with Behavioral Disorders: It's Not Just Academics.

The current emphasis on educational outcomes reflects the public's desire to improve the results of education for all America's students. The National Education Goals and student outcomes requirements adopted by most states include performance domains that are both academic and social/behavioral in nature. The skills and competencies covered by national and state outcomes are addressed as instructional considerations under the current push to provide students with an adequate opportunity-to-learn. Reform efforts also include extensive assessment and data collection activities to monitor progress toward higher standards. For this paper, data from three survey activities conducted by the National Center on Educational Outcomes were examined for specific relevance to social/behavioral outcomes development and assessment. The findings suggest that although outcomes of this type are considered to be important, very little effort is being directed to the measurement of the extent to which students are meeting them. The implications of these national and state efforts for local instruction, assessment and policy decisions are discussed. Language: en
Cutaneous light chain amyloidosis with multiple myeloma: A concise review

Abstract Objective/Background Cutaneous immunoglobulin (Ig) amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis associated with overt multiple myeloma (MM) is rare and optimal treatment is not well defined. The recently developed highly efficacious MM therapy has brought on a new set of challenges to this field for consideration. The goal of this paper is to describe the characteristics of cutaneous manifestations of systemic AL amyloidosis associated with MM according to age, sex, race, Ig type, plasma cell percentage, and cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies along with their outcomes. Methods An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed to obtain key literature in AL amyloidosis and MM, using the following search terms: multiple myeloma, immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis, and cutaneous amyloidosis. The search results were narrowed by selecting studies in English. Results were confined to the following articles types: case reports, case series, and systematic reviews. Results We identified 32 cases from the PubMed database search and examined their potential relevance. We found the following: (a) higher prevalence in women (two-thirds) and white population; (b) IgG and IgA were equally distributed with lambda (λ) light chain occurring in 53–66% of cases; (c) majority of cases (56%) presented as hemorrhagic bullous lesions, followed by purpura/ecchymosis in 25% of cases; and (d) majority (64%) died within 6 months since diagnosis. Conclusions We reviewed the constellation of the cutaneous manifestations of AL amyloidosis with concurrent MM. We found a female predominance, and more than half presented as hemorrhagic bullous lesions. There is a preponderance of λ light chains over kappa (κ) light chains, both as a free light chain (15% vs. 4%) and as an intact Ig (38% vs. 24%; absolute number of 14 vs. 7 patients, respectively). In the subgroup of patients with bullous skin lesions, λ light chain was present in eight cases and κ light chain in seven cases. All κ light chain subtypes presented with bullous lesions and no other cutaneous types of lesions. They carried very poor prognosis with majority of cases surviving only 6 months, much worse than overall patients with AL amyloidosis without myeloma or myeloma without amyloidosis.
Itch Control by Toll-Like Receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are cellular sensors designed to recognize molecular danger signals associated with exogenous or endogenous threats. Their activation leads to initiation of the host’s immune responses in order to remove or contain the danger. However, one of the most effective methods of defense against invading pathogens and parasites is itch. The perception of itch elicits the rapid defensive action to scratch, which can remove the offending pathogen or parasite before infection can occur. Recent findings show that TLRs such as TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 are expressed in a subset of pruriceptive/nociceptive neurons in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglion providing a direct link between TLR activation and itch. Activation of neuronal TLRs can initiate itch sensation by coupling with ion channels. Furthermore, TLRs are expressed in skin cells and glial cells in the spinal cord to regulate inflammation and neuroinflammation in chronic itch. Thus, identification of the role of TLRs in neurons, skin cells, and glial cells may provide new targets for the treatment of chronic itch, a common clinical problem associated with skin diseases, systemic diseases, and metabolic disorders, for which current treatments are far from sufficient.
Diabetes and Men's Health

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a common disease worldwide, and its prevalence is rising. The main causes of adult-onset diabetes are being overweight or obese and having a sedentary lifestyle. The complications of this disease are numerous and include effects on sexual function. The men's health disorders most commonly associated with diabetes include erectile dysfunction (ED), hypogonadism, ejaculatory dysfunction such as anejaculation and retrograde ejaculation, and orgasmic dysfunction including delayed orgasm and anorgasmia. These disorders are more prevalent in diabetic men compared with nondiabetics and can be more difficult to manage. ED is often more severe in diabetic men, and therapy is less effective in this population. Additionally, poorly controlled diabetics are at an increased risk for penile implant infection. Diabetic neuropathy can lead to ejaculatory and orgasmic dysfunction that can be permanent. This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction in diabetic men and treatment options.
Misunderstandings, misperceptions, and missed opportunities: Perspectives on adherence barriers from people with CF, caregivers, and CF team members.

Abstract Objective To identify differences in perspectives of people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and caregivers versus healthcare providers on adherence barriers. Mismatched perspectives may lead to miscommunication and missed opportunities to reduce barriers and improve CF outcomes. Methods PwCF, caregivers, and CF providers completed audio-taped, semi-structured interviews about adherence barriers. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes. Themes were reviewed to identify when PwCF-caregiver perspectives differed from providers’. Results Participants included 14 adolescents with CF (mean age = 15.89 years, 64 % female, 71 % Caucasian), 14 adults with CF (mean age = 30.03 years, 64 % female, 57 % Caucasian), 29 caregivers (76 % female; 72 % Caucasian), and 42 providers. Four barriers were identified that could generate miscommunication between PwCF-caregivers and providers: Tired = Fatigued/Sleepy versus Tired = Burnout, Vacation and Travel, Knowledge and Skills About CF Regimen, and Daily Habits or Routines. PwCF and caregivers used similar words as providers, but conceptualized barriers differently. PwCF and caregivers discussed barriers pragmatically, however, providers viewed certain barriers more abstractly or unidimensionally, or did not discuss them. Conclusions PwCF-caregivers and providers may not align in how they discuss barriers, which may contribute to miscommunication about adherence challenges. Practice implications Patient-centered communication strategies may enhance providers’ understandings of PwCF-caregiver perspectives on barriers and facilitate adherence interventions.
Ketamine and attentional bias to threat: dynamic causal modeling of magnetoencephalographic connectivity in treatment-resistant depression

Abstract The glutamatergic modulator ketamine rapidly reduces depressive symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. While its underlying mechanism of antidepressant action is not fully understood, modulating glutamatergically-mediated connectivity appears to be a critical component moderating antidepressant response. This double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study analyzed data from 19 drug-free individuals with MDD and 15 healthy volunteers who received a single intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg) as well as an intravenous infusion of saline placebo. Magnetoencephalographic recordings were collected prior to the first infusion and six to nine hours after both drug and placebo infusions. During scanning, participants completed an attentional dot probe task that included emotional faces. Antidepressant response was measured across timepoints using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was used to measure changes in parameter estimates of connectivity via a biophysical model that included realistic local neuronal architecture and receptor channel signaling, modeling connectivity between the early visual cortex, fusiform cortex, amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus. Clinically, ketamine administration significantly reduced depressive symptoms in MDD participants. Within the model, ketamine administration led to faster gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) transmission in the early visual cortex, faster NMDA transmission in the fusiform cortex, and slower NMDA transmission in the amygdala. Ketamine administration also led to direct and indirect changes in local inhibition in the early visual cortex and inferior frontal gyrus and to indirect increases in cortical excitability within the amygdala. Finally, reductions in depressive symptoms in MDD participants post-ketamine were associated with faster α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) transmission and increases in gain control of spiny stellate cells in the early visual cortex. These findings provide additional support for the GABA and NMDA inhibition and disinhibition hypotheses of depression and support the role of AMPA throughput in ketamine’s antidepressant effects.
Operational Feasibility Assessment of Battery Electric Construction Equipment Based on In-Use Activity Data:

Despite the significant progress in on-road vehicle electrification, the majority of construction equipment types are still using conventional diesel engines. Though there has been a steady flow of...
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using large-diameter (20 mm) lumen apposing metal stent (LLAMS).

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) using a 15-mm lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical gastrojejunostomy for management of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, given the size of the anastomosis created with a 15-mm LAMS, long-term luminal patency and clinical outcomes may be suboptimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EUS-GE with a large-diameter (20 mm) LAMS (LLAMS). Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing EUS-GE with LLAMS between December 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020 was performed. All EUS-GEs were performed using a cautery-enhanced LLAMS. Results Thirty-three patients were referred for endoscopic management of GOO. Two patients were excluded due to a lack of an adequate window for EUS-GE. The remaining 31 patients (93.94 %) (mean age: 61.35 ± 16.52 years; 54.84 % males) underwent EUS-GE using LLAMS for malignant (n = 23) and benign (n = 8) GOO. Technical success was achieved in all patients (100 %) with attempted EUS-GE. Complete clinical success (tolerance of regular diet) was achieved in 93.55 % of patients (n = 29). Two patients (6.45 %) had partial clinical success and died of unrelated causes prior to advancing diet beyond full liquids. Overall mean follow-up was 140.84 ± 160.41 days (median 70, range 4–590). All stents remained patent with no evidence of recurrent GOO symptoms. One patient (3.23 %) developed an asymptomatic clean-based jejunal ulcer on 3-month follow-up endoscopy. Conclusions EUS-GE with LLAMS is a technically feasible, effective and safe option for patients with GOO allowing for tolerability of regular diet. Future prospective, ideally randomized studies comparing long-term outcomes of EUS-GE with 20- and 15-mm LAMS are required.
Equity Sector Rotation via Credit Relative Value

NAAIM 2013 Wagner Award-winning paper. Describes a straightforward sector rotation + tactical asset allocation strategy that uses a high yield credit index to judge equity relative value.
Landscape-scale drivers of endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis) presence using an ensemble modeling approach

Abstract The Florida Everglades is a vast and iconic wetland ecosystem in the southern United States that has undergone dramatic changes from habitat degradation, development encroachment, and water impoundment. Starting in the past few decades, large restoration projects have been undertaken to restore the landscape, including improving conditions for threatened and imperiled taxa. One focus of restoration has been the marl prairie ecosystem, where the federally endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis; CSSS) resides. The CSSS is endemic to the Everglades where populations have been steadily declining, signaling the importance of decision support tools for natural resource managers for evaluating water management and restoration scenarios. Here we developed an ensemble logistic regression, combining a frequentist and Bayesian approach, to model CSSS presence and measure how environmental factors such as hydrometrics, fire occurrence, and vegetation structure impact CSSS habitat suitability. This is the first analysis to quantitatively assess the interdependent relationships between a broad range of environmental factors and CSSS presence across the landscape. Our results show that the probability of CSSS presence was highest in areas with dry conditions, hydroperiods between 80 and 120 days, percentages of canopy cover and woody vegetation less than 10%, and more than six years post-fire where 75% or more of the area was burned. Because the frequentist and Bayesian models had nearly identical spatial outputs with the Bayesian model having slightly higher validation metrics, we used the Bayesian approach as our final model (EverSparrow). The results from our analysis can provide a valuable decision support tool as natural resource managers work to restore the Everglades landscape.
From Barbies to Boycotts: How Immigration Raids in Arizona Created a Ten-Year Old Activist

Increasingly hostile and unpredictable immigration policies can have traumatizing consequences for children of undocumented immigrants. This case study examines the way that increased practices of detention and deportation affect the childhood and adolescence of young people living in an anti-immigrant state like Arizona. Specifically, the life story of Katherine Figueroa during Arizona’s anti-immigrant climate, illustrates the struggle and implications for mixed-status families. The findings demonstrate the extent to which being separated from her parents influenced her mental health and academic life. The themes outlined in this paper suggest that in a continued repressive political context, children’s preoccupations and experiences with family separation are likely to have lasting consequences as these children transition into adulthood. Additionally, this study describes how community organizing, resources, support, and a proactive response to family separation can change the outcomes of parental detention. Findings from this study reveal, for educators, school administrators, counselors, community practitioners, and policy makers, how familial documentation status can have equally complex and lasting consequences for children’s academic, emotional, and physical well-being.
Institutions and Prospects for a Currency Board in Russia: Perspectives on a Deepening Crisis

Three Western economists present and analyze the prospects for a currency board in light of the deepening economic crisis in Russia in late September 1998. Relying on the results of their investigation in Moscow, the authors focus on the role of Russian institutions, emphasizing the weak protection of investors. They note the political conditions for institutional reform and the impact of institutional inadequacies on the rapid economic collapse. Also discussed in this context are the need for tax reform, simplification of the regulatory regime for business, and for legal reform involving significant changes. Projecting developments beyond the impact of prospective hyperinflation, the paper outlines conditions for effective stabilization of the economy in conjunction with a currency board. Journal of Eco-nomic Literature, Classification Numbers: E42, E50, E63. 32 references.
Accuracy of the Prehospital Index in identifying major hemorrhage in trauma victims.

PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity of the Prehospital Index (PHI) in identifying patients with severe blood loss, a one-year review was conducted at a regional trauma facility. METHODS The study population consisted of 217 consecutive trauma admissions (ages 3 to 88 years). Patients were managed using standard resuscitation techniques; blood transfusions were ordered at the discretion of attending physicians and did not follow any preplanned protocol. Medical records were examined to determine total blood requirements for each patient during the first 12 hours of hospitalization, the emergency department (ED) disposition, and final outcome of treatment. The following clinical variables were analyzed (unpaired t-test) to determine their value as predictors of blood loss: age, gender, mechanism of injury, initial vital signs, revised trauma score, PHI, and injury severity score. RESULTS Forty-two percent (92 patients) received transfusions during the first 12 hours of hospitalization. The best predictor of blood loss was the Prehospital Index. Of the total group, 45% had a PHI greater than 3; 77% (75/98) of these patients required transfusion and received an average of 7.1 units of packed cells. Fifty-five percent (119/217) had a PHI less than or equal to 3; 86% (102/119) of these patients did not require transfusion. CONCLUSION The data suggest that patients with PHI scores greater than 3 require close hemodynamic monitoring to rule out significant blood loss and may warrant immediate cross-matching on arrival to the ED.
Unplanned reoperations after microvascular free tissue transfer: An analysis of 2,244 patients using the american college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program database.

Purpose Our intent was to evaluate unplanned reoperations as a quality indicator for microvascular free tissue transfer (MFTT). Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify MFTT cases from January 2012 to December 2013. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors for unplanned reoperations. Results We identified 2,244 MFTT cases. There were 290 associated unplanned reoperations (12.92%). There was a threefold increase in the rate of complications when patients underwent reoperation (58.28% vs 18.12%, p < 0.0001). Head and neck reconstructions had the highest rate of reoperations (18.04%). Most reoperations were debridements (38.28%), followed by microvascular procedures (28.97%) and flap revisions (26.55%). American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification ≥3 [OR 1.565, 95% CI (1.204, 2.034), p = 0.0008] and prolonged operative time [OR 1.597, 95% CI (1.221, 2.089), p = 0.0006] were significant independent risk factors for reoperations. Conclusions Unplanned reoperations are a useful quality indicator for MFTT. ASA classification ≥3 and prolonged operative time were risk factors associated with an increased risk for unplanned reoperations. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.
The Degree of Benefit of Belts in Reducing Injury - an Attempt to Explain Study Discrepancies

Numerous analyses of accident injury data have tried to assess safety belt benefits, but they have not been able to reflect a consensus on the degree of these benefits. This paper examines seventeen safety belt studies to identify the possible causes for the disparate assessments. Factors that contribute to this disparity include differences in injury scale values, inaccuracies in reporting occupants' belt status, and variations in sampling criteria.
U.S. Equity Investment in Foreign Markets: Portfolio Rebalancing or Return Chasing?

1995). Our research examines whether the expansion of U.S. investment in foreign equities and the change in the composition of the foreign portfolio over time is consistent with standard models of international portfolio choice. To answer this question, we combine data on cross-border transactions in foreign equities with data on equity returns. Our approach has three important advantages over previous tests of models of international portfolio choice. First, we bring data on asset prices as well as data on the quantities of assets purchased to bear in the empirical tests.' Second, our testing procedure is robust to time-invariant hedge factors. This is because net purchases reflect changes in portfolio weights, and constant hedge factors that might explain home bias in levels do not affect the adjustment of the port
Chicago: A Geography of the City and its Region by John Hudson The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis edited by John P. Koval, Larry Bennett, Michael I. J. Bennett, Fassil Demissie, Roberta Gardner, and Kiljoong Kim

John Hudson, Chicago: A Geography of the City and its Region (Sante Fe, NM: Center for American Places, 2006). John P. Koval, Larry Bennett, Michael I. J. Bennett, Fassil Demissie, Roberta Gardner,...
THE EFFECT OF SUPPLY MANAGEMENT ON ASPECTS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE: A SOCIAL NETWORK PERSPECTIVE

The notion of social capital or embeddedness has received increased attention in the field of supply chain management. However, although embeddedness has both a structural and a relational aspect, the structural has received more focus. In addition, circumstances that may affect the development of social capital, and the role and import of a focal firm's supply management function on aspects of social capital, remain unclear. This study draws on the social network perspective to explore factors associated with the relational embeddedness of social capital, and investigate the role of supply management on the process. Using empirical data collected from 204 U.S. manufacturing firms, an empirical framework is proposed and tested using structural equation modeling. The results of this study suggest a mechanism through which social capital affects firm performance, and indicate that the supply management function may contribute to sustainable competitive advantage. The study confirms that the relational embeddedness aspect of social capital should be treated as a critical antecedent to performance. It also highlights the potential role of the supply management function in developing social capital in dyadic network interactions.
The formation of leg or wing specific structures by leg bud cells grafted to the wing bud is influenced by proximity to the apical ridge

When quail or chick leg bud mesoderm was grafted to a chick wing bud, toes developed from grafts placed in direct contact with the wing apical ridge. The toes were primarily derived from quail leg cells, with variable participation of host wing cells. Donor cells also integrated into wing-specific structures, such as cartilage of the wing digits and the surrounding connective tissues. In addition to forming toes, the grafted leg mesoderm expressed its leg origin by enlarging skeletal elements in the host wing. In all cases, enlargements were derived of both quail donor and chick host cells, and were not the result of the addition of mass to the host bud. Grafts placed further than 162 microns from the ridge formed neither toes nor enlargements; rather, they integrated into wing-specific structures. Under the influence of the apical ridge, the grafted leg mesoderm cells are able to maintain their leg character and to form toes and skeletal enlargements. Grafts outside the range of ridge influence (162 microns) are affected by their surroundings to integrate into wing-specific structures. The formation of leg-specific structures by leg bud mesoderm grafted to the wing bud has been used to support the principle of nonequivalence, which states that, because of their different developmental histories, wing and leg cells are restricted to form structures specific for their respective limbs. However, we have shown that leg cells can form wing-specific structures, and therefore limb cells are not restricted in their development.
Retail Cost of Antiglaucoma Drugs in Two Cities

Volunteer shoppers purchased antiglaucoma medications dispensed from prescriptions written according to generic and brand-name products in Manhattan and in the St. Louis area. All drugs obtained were more expensive in Manhattan than in St. Louis. No significant cost difference was found between generic and brand-name items in either city, but only in a few instances were generic drugs actually dispensed. No difference in overall price was found between pharmacies located in better and poorer neighborhoods in Manhattan or between pharmacies located in urban, suburban, or rural areas in St. Louis. A white shopper paid significatnly lower retail prices than did a Hispanic shopper in Manhattan, particularly in better neighborhoods. The range of prices in each city for all drugs studied was greater than twofold. Pharmacies offering more patient services tended to charge higher prices, but frequently, pharmacies did not actually offer the services they advertised.
Three-dimensional flow through large numbers of spheroidal inhomogeneities

An implicit analytic solution is presented for three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow through a large number of non-intersecting spheroidal inhomogeneities in the hydraulic conductivity. The locations, dimensions, and conductivity of the inhomogeneities may be arbitrarily selected. The specific discharge potential due to each inhomogeneity is expanded in a series that satisfies the Laplace equation exactly. The unknown coefficients in this expansion are related to the coefficients in the expansion of the combined specific discharge potential from all other elements. Using a least-squares formulation for the boundary conditions, a superblock approach, and an iterative algorithm, solutions can be obtained for a very large number of inhomogeneities (e.g. 10,000) on a personal computer to any desired precision, up to the machine's limit. Such speed and precision allows the development of a numerical laboratory for investigating 3D flow and convective transport.
Flight Test Maneuvers for Efficient Aerodynamic Modeling

Novel flight test maneuvers for efficient aerodynamic modeling were developed and demonstrated in flight. Orthogonal optimized multi-sine inputs were applied to aircraft control surfaces to excite aircraft dynamic response in all six degrees of freedom simultaneously while keeping the aircraft close to chosen reference flight conditions. Each maneuver was designed for a specific modeling task that cannot be adequately or efficiently accomplished using conventional flight test maneuvers. All of the new maneuvers were first described and explained, then demonstrated on a subscale jet transport aircraft in flight. Real-time and post-flight modeling results obtained using equation-error parameter estimation in the frequency domain were used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the new maneuvers, as well as the quality of the aerodynamic models that can be identified from the resultant flight data.
Modeling Arsenic(III) Adsorption and Heterogeneous Oxidation Kinetics in Soils

Arsenite [As(III)] is a soluble and toxic species of arsenic that can be introduced into soil by geothermal waters, mining activities, irrigation practices, and disposal of industrial wastes. The authors determined the rates of As(III) adsorption, and subsequent oxidation to arsenate [As(V)] in aerobic soil-water suspensions using four California soils. The rate of As(III) adsorption on the soils was closely dependent on soil properties that reflect the reactivity of mineral surfaces including citrate-dithionite (CD) extractable metals, soil texture, specific surface area, and pH. Heterogeneous oxidation of As(III) to As(V) was observed in all soils studied. The recovery of As(V) from As(III)-treated soils was dependent on levels of oxalate-extractable Mn and soil texture. After derivation of rate equations to describe the changes in soluble and recoverable As(III) and As(V) in soil suspensions, soil property measurements were used to normalize the empirically derived rate constants for three soils. The fourth soil, which had substantially different soil properties from the other three soils, was used to independently test the derived soil property-normalized model. The soil property-normalized consecutive reaction model gave a satisfactory description of the trends seen in the experimental data for all four soils. Understanding the effects of soil properties on themore » kinetics of chemical reactions of As(III) and As(V) in soils will be essential to development of quantitative models for predicting the mobility of As in the field.« less
Actuarial Analysis of Surgical Results: Rationale and Method

Abstract The use of time-related methods of statistical analysis is essential for valid evaluation of the long-term results of a surgical procedure. Accurate comparison of two procedures or two prosthetic devices is possible only when the length of follow-up is properly accounted for. The purpose of this report is to make the technical aspects of the actuarial, or life table, method easily accessible to the surgeon, with emphasis on the motivation for and the rationale behind it. This topic is illustrated in terms of heart valve prostheses, a field that is rapidly developing. Both the authors and readers of articles must be aware that controversies surrounding the relative merits of various prosthetic designs or operative procedures can be settled only if proper time-related methods of analysis are utilized.
Perceived Control and Adaptation in Elder Caregivers: Development of an Explanatory Model:

Perceived control has been implicated in the adaptation and well-being of older adults and may be especially relevant to elder caregivers. However, few studies have investigated perceived control within the individual's unique personal, social, and environmental context. This study tested a model representing the hypothesis that perceived control, defined as the perception that salient or valued aspects of one's life are manageable, mediates the objective and subjective aspects of caregiving and caregiver adaptation. Sixty elderly caregivers ranging in age from sixty to eighty-four (M = 69.4) were interviewed. Perceived control had a direct relationship with life satisfaction and depression, and an indirect relationship with subjective symptoms of stress. Wishful thinking coping behavior had a negative relationship with all adaptation variables. Findings are discussed in relation to further refinement and development of a theoretical approach to caregiver research and intervention studies in light of the ...
Memory-for-Designs, Bender-Gestalt, Trail Making Test, and Wisc-R Performance of Retarded and Adequate Readers:

12 reading-disabled and 12 nondisabled boys, of average intellectual ability, in Grades 3 to 6 were compared on the Memory-For-Designs, Bender-Gestalt, Trail Making Test, and the 11 WISC-R subtests...
Interactions between amino acid and carboxyl-functionalized C60 cage

Abstract Glycine is employed as the simplest representative of a backbone unit of a protein to examine the interaction between amino acid and carboxyl-functionalized C 60 cage (C 60 C 3 H 5 COOH). The B3LYP/6-31G(d) DFT calculations show that the interaction between glycine and C 60 C 3 H 5 COOH forms two strong hydrogen bonds, resulting in stable complexes. The bonding of the carboxyl group of C 60 C 3 H 5 COOH to the carboxyl and amino groups of glycine produces the most and the least stable complexes with stabilization energies of 17.1 and 5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Those results predict that the introduction of carboxyl-functionalized C 60 cages into bio-system (such as human body) may affect the structures of proteins.
Large-time asymptotic behavior of solutions of nonlinear wave equations perturbed from a stationary ground state

Let uo(x) be a nontrivial solution of the equation on which minimizes the energy functional . Here Where is continuous function satisfying Shown that uo can be perturbed into a time-dependent solution of the evolution equationu which remains bounded in energy norm for all . If and f satisfies a slightly more restrictive growth condition at infinity, then these solutions tend to zero as . It is also shown, in case , that with f modified to accommodate complex solutions uo can be perturbed into a complex stading wavy. Thus, in some sense, the stationary ground state is unstable with regard to the evolution equation.
Physical aspects of ion beam assisted deposition

Abstract Progress toward obtaining an understanding of the physical processes that are active during ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) is reviewed. A model is presented that includes the effects of sputtering, reflection of ions, multiple species beam. charge exchange neutralization, and incorporation of ambient gas atoms. Good agreement is found with data for the composition of silicon nitride. boron nitride and titanium nitride films as a function of the arrival ratio of nitrogen ions to evaporant atoms. Calculations based upon collision cascade simulation are reviewed which predict the energy dependence of the critical arrival ratio to achieve low intrinsic stress in deposited films. Factors which influence the choice of IBAD system geometry, the choice of ion beam energy, and applications of the films are also discussed.
Measurement of dynorphins with 3H-etorphine and canine limbic system receptors.

Abstract A canine limbic system preparation was used as the source of opioid peptide receptors to screen biologic extracts for the presence of opioid receptoractive peptides following their gradient RP-HPLC separation. Eight synthetic dynorphin peptides were studied for their ability to displace the commonly-used ligand 3 H-etorphine from the canine limbic system P 2 preparation. The peptides studied included the dynorphins 1–7, 1–8, 1–9, 1–10, 1–12, 1–13, 1–17, and dynorphin B. Two different types of opioid peptide molecules were utilized for the determination of the level of non-specific binding. In one study, methionine enkephalin, and in the second study each one of the eight corresponding dynorphins, was used for determination of non-specific binding. The experimental data indicated that 3 H-etorphine bound to the canine limbic system P 2 receptors, and that those dynorphins displaced effectively the 3 H-etorphine from those receptors.
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Synchrotron Radiation-Degraded Polyethylene Ultrathin Films

The degradation of polyethylene caused by vacuum ultraviolet radiation emitted from a synchrotron was investigated by in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Excellent agreement is obtained between the UPS of pristine polymer and the density of states calculated by ab initio molecular orbital method for n-decane, five units of an ethylene monomer. The UPS of degraded polymer is analyzed by comparison with molecular orbital calculations of degraded polymer models. The analysis indicates the presence of conjugated double-bond and cross-linked structures in the degraded polymer. The degree of the π conjugation generated upon the photodegradation is discussed.
3554 Dysphagia without endoscopically evident disease: to dilate or not?

Background: It is not known whether patients with esophageal dysphagia and a normal EGD benefit from empiric dilation. A retrospective study suggested that such patients do have improvement following empiric dilation with a rigid dilator. We have recently reported that rigid and balloon dilators are equally effective in the treatment of benign lower esophageal strictures. Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to determine if patients with solid food dysphagia and a normal endoscopy have symptom benefit from empiric dilation using a through-the-scope (TTS) balloon. Methods: Patients with normal endoscopic exams at our institution from 1998-1999, with the complaint of lower esophageal solid food dysphagia were identified. Patients were randomized at the time of EGD to either sham or balloon dilation using an 18 mm TTS (Boston Scientific Corp, Microvasive Endoscopy, MA) balloon. All patients completed a dysphagia questionnaire and 10 cm visual analog dysphagia scale prior to endoscopy. Questionnaires were completed at day one, three-months, and six-months post-randomization. The primary endpoint of the study was the patient's self-assessment of difficulty swallowing using the questionnaires.Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Fisher's Exact Test were used for statistical analyses. Results: Fifty-four patients (27M; 27F) with a median age of 60 years (range 33-81 yrs) were randomized to either sham (n=26) or balloon (n=28) dilation. The two groups were comparable in age, gender, baseline dysphagia and use of anti-reflux medication. Dysphagia improvement comparing sham/balloon is shown: Day one 54% vs. 77% (p=.144); 3-month 46% vs. 44% (p=.99); 6-month 46% vs. 46% (p=.99). Although the initial response at day one was higher in the balloon group, the difference was not statistically significant. There were no reported complications in either group. Conclusion: The data from this prospective randomized controlled study would, therefore, not support the practice of empiric dilation in patients with lower esophageal solid food dysphagia without evidence of endoscopic causes for dysphagia.
Galvanic interaction between chalcopyrite and pyrite during bacterial leaching of low-grade waste

Abstract The bacterial leaching of a low-grade chalcopyrite waste rock in a lixiviant containing thermophilic, Sulfolobus-like microorganisms at 60°C and a lixiviant containing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at 28°C has been compared with the leaching in sterile lixiviant in terms of copper solubilized in elapsed time and the conversion of Fe 3+ Fe 2+ . Bacterial action has been shown to drastically increase the ratio Fe 3+ Fe 2+ with elapsed time of leaching. Direct observations of the associated pyrite and chalcopyrite surface corrosion, utilizing scanning electron microscopy, showed that during the leaching of these sulfides as separate, non-contacting phases, the pyrite corroded more rapidly than the chalcopyrite in both sterile and inoculated media. This effect was more pronounced at elevated temperature and in the presence of bacteria. When the pyrite and chalcopyrite were in contact, the resulting galvanic interaction caused the chalcopyrite to corrode more rapidly than the pyrite, which was effectively passivated. The leaching of chalcopyrite is thereby enhanced in contact with pyrite. This effect is accelerated in the presence of bacteria. The corrosion of chalcopyrite was also markedly enhanced as a result of the oxidation of elemental sulfur (formed during the reaction) to sulfuric acid. This reaction was also accelerated by bacterial catalysis. The important implications of the enhanced chalcopyrite corrosion by galvanic interaction in the leaching of low-grade chalcopyrite waste and other galvanic-contact regimes involving metal sulfides are identified and discussed.