cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diel and temporal habitat use of four juvenile fishes in a complex glacial lake

Abstract Weber NJ, Brown ML. 2012. Diel and temporal habitat use of four juvenile fishes in a complex glacial lake. Lake Reserv Manage. 28:120-129. Juvenile fishes may use multiple habitats during early life stages, and habitat use may change based on diel period, temporally, or ontogenetically, with patterns of habitat use being species specific. To better understand habitat use of juvenile fishes, we evaluated relative abundance of juvenile black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) among nearshore open water, emergent vegetation, submergent vegetation, flooded timber, and open water offshore habitats in a glacial lake. In August, catch rates of common carp were highest in emergent vegetation, yellow perch and black crappie catch rates were highest in submergent vegetation, and bluegill catch rates were highest in nearshore open water, submergent vegetation, and flooded timber. In September, submergent vegeta...
Pericarditis complicating myocardial infarction.

Abstract Pericarditis accompanying myocardial infarction is a benign condition with few clinical manifestations. It is incidental to a transmural infarct and, aside from this, anatomic correlation is not significant prognostically. Since the essential clinical feature of a rub is evanescent, many occurrences are probably unrecognized. Treatment is essentially asymptomatic and pericardial aspiration is rarely needed. Anticoagulant therapy should be stopped if there is evidence of diffuse pericarditis or effusion to prevent hemopericardium.
Approaching the Adolescent-Headed Family: A Review of Teen Parenting

In the USA, as many as 1 in 6 women nationwide become adolescent mothers, making adolescent pregnancy and childbearing issues a frequently encountered occurrence by pediatricians and adolescent medicine health care providers. Both social and medical programs focus on prevention and management of adolescent pregnancies; however, caring for the adolescent-headed family is less well understood. For many teen parents, various environmental and behavioral risks contributed to early childbearing and parenting. Following delivery of the infant, many of these same psycho-social, environmental, and educational factors continue to play a role in the teen's ability to parent effectively. This review explores these factors in relation to teen parenting as well as describes the limited data available on outcomes of adolescent mothers and their infants. Despite negative social stereotypes regarding adolescent fathers, research suggesting that most fathers desire involvement with their infants and the impact of and factors influencing father involvement is explored. Understanding the dynamics of the coparenting relationship, an expanding field of study, will aid practitioners in strengthening and supporting teen parenting by both mothers and fathers. As most teen parents continue to reside with their families, teen parenting has an important impact on the multi-generational family structure. These relationships can serve both to support and at times to hinder the adolescent parents' development as an individual and as a parent. Successful interventions and programs to support the adolescent-headed family take on various forms but are usually comprehensive and multidisciplinary and consider the developmental status of both the parent and the child. To best care for adolescent-headed families, pediatricians and adolescent medicine providers should understand the psychosocial, developmental, educational, and relationship issues that influence adolescent parenting.
Okuizumi Eizaburo at the University of Maryland Libraries, 1974-1984

This work is licensed by a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
A tunnel diode crystal calibrator

A diagram showing the ratios of circuit constants for the five possible modes of operation of a series tunnel diode circuit is given. A tunnel diode crystal calibrator with a relatively flat output in the h.f. band is described, and circuit details of a 100 kc/s or 1000 kc/s calibrator are given.
The Effects of Hormones, Cholera Toxin, and iVa-Tosyl-LLysine Chloromethyl Ketone on Adenylate Cyclase in Viable Granulosa Cells*

Porcine small (1*2 mm) follicle granulosa cells before [day 0 (d.O)] or after 6 days in suspension culture with 10 ng/ml FSH [day 6 (d.6)] were incubated at 37 C for up to 3 h in medium containing 1 mM methylisobutylxanthine in the absence or presence of FSH, hCG, cholera toxin (CT), epinephrine, and/ or Afa-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). The cellular cAMP content and basal cAMP production were approximately 10 times higher in d.6 than in d.O cells. d.O granulosa cells responded maximally to FSH and less to hCG, CT, and epinephrine, whereas d.6 cells responded maximally to hCG and CT, less to epinephrine, and least to FSH. CT responsiveness increased with hCG responsiveness. In neither cell did the stimulators have additive effects. These findings suggest that either CTbinding components are missing from d.O cells or hCG and CT activate adenylate cyclase via a system or component distinct from that via which FSH activates cyclase. TLCK, a watersoluble, synthetic, low molecular weight inhibitor...
Buying and Selling Prices of Investments: Configural Weight Model of Interactions Predicts Violations of Joint Independence.

Abstract Judges evaluated buying and selling prices of hypothetical investments, based on the previous price of each investment and estimates of the investment's future value given by advisors of varied expertise. Effect of a source's estimate varied in proportion to the source's expertise, and it varied inversely with the number and expertise of other sources. There was also a configural effect in which the effect of a source's estimate was affected by the rank order of that source's estimate, in relation to other estimates of the same investment. These interactions were fit with a configural weight averaging model in which buyers and sellers place different weights on estimates of different ranks. This model implies that one can design a new experiment in which there will be different violations of joint independence in different viewpoints. Experiment 2 confirmed patterns of violations of joint independence predicted from the model fit in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 also showed that preference reversals between viewpoints can be predicted by the model of Experiment 1. Configural weighting provides a better account of buying and selling prices than either of two models of loss aversion or the theory of anchoring and insufficient adjustment.
Timber harvesting behaviour in Massachusetts, USA: does price matter to private landowners?

Non-industrial private forest is the dominant ownership type in the eastern USA. Most of the private owners have non-consumptive, appreciative values and through surveys report little interest in the generation of timber revenue. Timber harvesting in Massachusetts was investigated for a 25-year period to compare the frequency and volume of harvests for five commercial species on private land, to species-specific stumpage prices reported on a quarterly basis. For four of the five species, there was no relationship; however, for one species a consistent effect was identified, whereby the volume harvested and number of harvest events were found to be significantly related to stumpage price, west of the Connecticut River. This effect is absent for eastern Massachusetts, and also not apparent consistently for other species. It is concluded that under some circumstances, private landowner harvest decisions are influenced by stumpage price.
A new patient-derived orthotopic malignant meningioma model treated with oncolytic herpes simplex virus

Background Higher-grade meningiomas (HGMs; World Health Organization grades II and III) pose a clinical problem due to high recurrence rates and the absence of effective therapy. Preclinical development of novel therapeutics requires a disease model that recapitulates the genotype and phenotype of patient HGM. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) has shown efficacy and safety in cancers in preclinical and clinical studies, but its utility for HGM has not been well characterized. Methods Tumorsphere cultures and serial orthotopic xenografting in immunodeficient mice were used to establish a patient-derived HGM model. The model was pathologically and molecularly characterized by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and genomic DNA sequencing and compared with the patient tumor. Anti-HGM effects of oHSV G47Δ were assessed using cell viability and virus replication assays in vitro and animal survival analysis following intralesional injections of G47Δ. Results We established a serially transplantable orthotopic malignant meningioma model, MN3, which was lethal within 3 months after tumorsphere implantation. MN3 xenografts exhibited the pathological hallmarks of malignant meningioma such as high Ki67 and vimentin expression. Both the patient tumor and xenografts were negative for neurofibromin 2 (merlin) and had the identical NF2 mutation. Oncolytic HSV G47Δ efficiently spread and killed MN3 cells, as well as other patient-derived HGM lines in vitro. Treatment with G47Δ significantly extended the survival of mice bearing subdural MN3 tumors. Conclusions We established a new patient-derived meningioma model that will enable the study of targeted therapeutic approaches for HGM. Based on these studies, it is reasonable to consider a clinical trial of G47Δ for HGM.
A MELUS Interview: Estela Portillo-Trambley

This interview was conducted in El Paso, Texas, where Estela PortilloTrambley was born in 1936 and where she currently resides. In 1982 she was given the "Texas Writers Recognition Award" and was invited to be Guest Lecturer at the University of California, Riverside. Besides being an important Chicana playwright, novelist, and short story writer, her work has included directing the Theatre Arts Program at El Paso Community College and editing Mujeres en Arte Y Literatura, a 1973 Quinta Sol publication. Her forthcoming collection Sor Juanna and Other Plays is due out soon from the Eastern Michigan Press. Even though Portillo-Trambley qualifies her Chicanaism by emphasizing her Americanism, she points out, "I think I have the feel, the earthroots, the historical consciousness of Mejicana, enough to re-create the authentic experience."
Pulmonary host defense: defects that lead to chronic inflammation of the airway.

SUMMARY Current knowledge of pulmonary host defense can help us to understand the unique relationship between CF patients and P. aeruginosa colonization of the lung. Subtle defects in CF host defense, such as those identified in mucociliary clearance and in the CF IgG opsonin, allow P. aeruginosa to persist. Not all the defects are attributable to the host. In several examples, the defects are induced by P. aeruginosa, presumably in an effort to maintain its foothold. The examples of the latter discussed here have included the effect of pseudomonas-derived products on mucociliary action, α1PI function, and the formation of ineffective IgG opsonins and immune complexes. Overall, P. aeruginosa is the cause of significant morbidity and, eventually, mortality in these patients. As we approach the identification of the genetic defect central to this disease, it is hoped that we will gain more insight into the pathogenesis of the P. aeruginosa lung lesion in CF and develop more effective ways of preventing P. aeruginosa colonization of the CF patients’ lungs.
Delinquency and Crime in the United States

Explanations of delinquency and crime have multiplied and become more complex since the beginning of the twentieth century with the development of sociology and other social and behavioral sciences. Much delinquency is now seen as a form of exciting leisuretime activity, some delinquency and crime are seen as a means of adjustment to one’s social environment (gangs), and some are seen as types of career activity that develop in settings where other opportunities are scarce, just as legitimate careers develop in settings where attractive opportunities are present. Other sociological explanations focus on delinquent and criminal behavior as a reaction to perception of the larger society as hostile and impenetrable. Those who view the world about them in this reactive way are provided with little hope of attaining satisfying statuses in the larger society. Crime, on the other hand, may develop as an enhancement of existing, ongoing legitimate activities as opportunities arise (Steffensmeier, 1986).
O-Glycosylation of Proteins in the Normal and Neoplastic Trophoblast

hCG is a glycoprotein hormone composed of two dissimilar subunits, α and β, joined non-covalently. The hormone, in addition to having N-linked sugar units, two on each subunit, contains four O-linked structures, all attached to the COOHsegment of the β subunit (Birken and Canfield, 1977; Cole et al., 1985). Gonadotropin large free α (LFA) is an oversized (Mr=24,000) non-combining form of the glycoprotein hormone common α-subunit (Mr=22,000). LFA can contain a single O-linked sugar unit attached to Thr 39 which may in part account for its size difference with the α-subunit incorporated into glycoprotein hormones (Cole et al, 1984a; Parsons and Pierce, 1984). Both hCG and LFA are secreted by the normal trophoblast in pregnancy and by the neoplastic trophoblast in hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma (Hussa, 1981; Cole et al., 1983; Cole et al., 1984b).
Network Verification: Calculus and solvers

We examine calculus and solvers for Network Verification. As starting point we take the SecGuru tool that checks network access restrictions in the Microsoft Azure public cloud infrastructure. The tool is based on the Satisfiability Modulo Theories solver Z3. SecGuru is also used for checking Network Invariants for data-centers that are deployed using Azure's network architecture. In both cases SecGuru relies on a calculus of network configurations in order to capture intent and check these statically. SecGuru models network configurations using quantifier-free logical formulas over bit-vectors. We recall also other scenarios in the context of network verification. They use other fragments of logic and specialized engines for Datalog and quantifier reasoning in Z3. In each case, correctness assertions can be modeled and solved using logics that are supported in state-of-the art theorem provers. Based on our experiences we claim that Network Verification is an important and exciting new opportunity where formal methods and modern theorem proving technologies play an important role. Many formalisms that make it convenient to model scenarios from networking domain are already supported in modern solvers. On the other hand, networking provides an inspiration for additional formalisms that can be supported using new efficient data-structures and solving algorithms.
Axiom Systems and Natural Deduction

We continue our study of the “non-symmetric” logics K, K4, T, S4, D and D4. Up to now, semantic tableaus have been essentially the only proof procedure we have considered. But an axiomatic approach is much more common in the field. In this chapter we introduce appropriate axiomatics for our logics. We also introduce natural deduction systems for them. As far as possible, we make use of our uniform notation, and Consistency Properties will be our main theoretical tool.
Chapter 2 Evolution of Chert at Active and Passive Continental Margins

Abstract Because paleo-oceanography is largely determined by plate movements, the patterns of continental runoff, nutrients, and depth and distance from shore affect the occurrence of marine siliceous deposits; these sediments are gradually lithified and typically end up as overthrust continental margin chert sequences. in continental rift valleys the dominant modes of siliceous deposits are playa lake diatomites and alkaline-lake silica-zeolite deposits. As a rift widens to a narrow gulf or sea, siliceous deposits will form if continental tilts, paleoclimates, and previous geologic histories permit large river systems to bring abundant runoff and nutrients to the narrow sea. in this milieu, the ultimate source of silica is weathered continental detritus, including earlier volcanics. Patterns of siliceous deposition as the narrow sea widens to an open ocean depend on continental configurations and paleoclimates. Convergent margins involve continental margin and pelagic siliceous deposits in accretionary prisms and, as continents converge, overthrust zones may involve both scraped-off pelagic sediments and continental apron sediments of the two continents. the diagenetic histories of these different kinds of siliceous sediments can best be diagrammed by plots of time vs. temperature, where temperature is dependent on heat flow and subsidence history, both of which in turn are functions of plate tectonic history.
Introduction: The Mexican Crack Writers—Toward a New Literary Aesthetics

Jaimes contextualizes the emergence of the Mexican Crack writers taking into consideration historical and literary events, and provides a general overview of the topics addressed in each of the following chapters.
Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies

Cancer is a dynamic disease. During the course of disease, cancers generally become more heterogeneous. As a result of this heterogeneity, the bulk tumour might include a diverse collection of cells harbouring distinct molecular signatures with differential levels of sensitivity to treatment. This heterogeneity might result in a non-uniform distribution of genetically distinct tumour-cell subpopulations across and within disease sites (spatial heterogeneity) or temporal variations in the molecular makeup of cancer cells (temporal heterogeneity). Heterogeneity provides the fuel for resistance; therefore, an accurate assessment of tumour heterogeneity is essential for the development of effective therapies. Multiregion sequencing, single-cell sequencing, analysis of autopsy samples, and longitudinal analysis of liquid biopsy samples are all emerging technologies with considerable potential to dissect the complex clonal architecture of cancers. In this Review, we discuss the driving forces behind intratumoural heterogeneity and the current approaches used to combat this heterogeneity and its consequences. We also explore how clinical assessments of tumour heterogeneity might facilitate the development of more-effective personalized therapies.
Public Intellectualism as Assemblage

This article responds to Alderman and Inwood's call for geographers to engage in public intellectualism. Geographers have long been underrepresented among the ranks of public intellectuals, even as...
Host Defense Mechanisms and the Superficial Fungal Infections

The pathogens causing superficial fungal infections present a unique challenge to the host because they are essentially extracorporeal, that is, outside the living body and its inner host defense systems. The host response to a fungal pathogen may vary from minimally inflammatory, as in pityriasis versicolor and chronic dermatophytosis, to highly inflammatory, as in acute dermatophytosis and acute cutaneous candidiasis. In each case of host-parasite interaction, it is the nature of the host response that is responsible for the generation of the clinical lesion.
Dominant Discourse in Heterosexual Relationships

Views of women’s and men’s roles are changing, as are views of what it means to be a woman or a man in our culture. Also changing is what is needed for heterosexual relationships to endure. Commitment and stability today are closely tied to views of personal happiness, relational satisfaction, and egalitarian values. Yet vestiges of tradition, embedded in assumptions about gender, enter into discourses in interpersonal relationships in ways individuals fail to see and undermine its stability.
The Physiatrist as the Primary Spine Care Specialist

Low back pain is a common and highly disabling condition that requires prompt and knowledgeable diagnosis and management. Many family practitioners, internists, and even surgeons lack the education and experience to assess such a patient and to treat effectively the musculoskeletal disorders and pain so as to prevent the development of a disability syndrome. Adequate medical care of low back pain requires an integrated knowledge of radiologic imaging, electrodiagnosis, selective injections, oral medications, physical therapy, and pain management and recognition of surgical indications. The physiatrist is equipped with such knowledge and training in musculoskeletal dynamics and functional assessment and can best manage a comprehensive rehabilitation program for the low back pain patient.
Commentary: Words, Voice, Silence

Drawing together insights on autistic experience from three essays in this volume—Chapter 5 by Michael B. Bakan, Chapter 6 by Elizabeth Fein, and Chapter 7 by Jurandir Freire Costa and Roy Richard Grinker—this commentary offers a reflection on how semiotic strategies that transcend the referential paradigm can deepen our understanding of autistic communication.
Pavonia paneroi (Malvaceae) a New Species from Puebla, Mexico

A new shrubby species of Pavonia (Malvaceae) from Puebla, Mexico is described and placed in taxonomic context within the genus. Its nearest ally is P. chlorantha from the states of Guerrero and Mexico.
Expression analysis of RNA sequencing data from human neural and glial cell lines depends on technical replication and normalization methods.

The potential for astrocyte participation in central nervous system recovery is highlighted by in vitro experiments demonstrating their capacity to transdifferentiate into neurons. Understanding astrocyte plasticity could be advanced by comparing astrocytes with stem cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is ideal for comparing differences across cell types. However, this novel multi-stage process has the potential to introduce unwanted technical variation at several points in the experimental workflow. Quantitative understanding of the contribution of experimental parameters to technical variation would facilitate the design of robust RNA-Seq experiments. RNA-Seq was used to achieve biological and technical objectives. The biological aspect compared gene expression between normal human fetal-derived astrocytes and human neural stem cells cultured in identical conditions. When differential expression threshold criteria of |log2 fold change| > 2 were applied to the data, no significant differences were observed. The technical component quantified variation arising from particular steps in the research pathway, and compared the ability of different normalization methods to reduce unwanted variance. To facilitate this objective, a liberal false discovery rate of 10% and a |log2 fold change| > 0.5 were implemented for the differential expression threshold. Data were normalized with RPKM, TMM, and UQS methods using JMP Genomics. The contributions of key replicable experimental parameters (cell lot; library preparation; flow cell) to variance in the data were evaluated using principal variance component analysis. Our analysis showed that, although the variance for every parameter is strongly influenced by the normalization method, the largest contributor to technical variance was library preparation. The ability to detect differentially expressed genes was also affected by normalization; differences were only detected in non-normalized and TMM-normalized data. The similarity in gene expression between astrocytes and neural stem cells supports the potential for astrocytic transdifferentiation into neurons, and emphasizes the need to evaluate the therapeutic potential of astrocytes for central nervous system damage. The choice of normalization method influences the contributions to experimental variance as well as the outcomes of differential expression analysis. However irrespective of normalization method, our findings illustrate that library preparation contributed the largest component of technical variance.
Abstract 88: Decrease in Stroke Mortality With Increase in Rate of Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke in Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Background: Endovascular Thrombectomy was shown to be effective in treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) in series of clinical trials in 2015, prior to that there were neutral trials. We looked ...
Actomyosin contractility-dependent matrix stretch and recoil induces rapid cell migration.

Cells select from a diverse repertoire of migration strategies. Recent developments in tunable biomaterials have helped identify how extracellular matrix properties influence migration, however, many settings lack the fibrous architecture characteristic of native tissues. To investigate migration in fibrous contexts, we independently varied the alignment and stiffness of synthetic 3D fiber matrices and identified two phenotypically distinct migration modes. In contrast to stiff matrices where cells migrated continuously in a traditional mesenchymal fashion, cells in deformable matrices stretched matrix fibers to store elastic energy; subsequent adhesion failure triggered sudden matrix recoil and rapid cell translocation. Across a variety of cell types, traction force measurements revealed a relationship between cell contractility and the matrix stiffness where this migration mode occurred optimally. Given the prevalence of fibrous tissues, an understanding of how matrix structure and mechanics influences migration could improve strategies to recruit repair cells to wound sites or inhibit cancer metastasis. How cells migrate in fibrous tissues is still poorly understood. Here, with synthetic 3D fibre matrices of controlled alignment and stiffness, the authors report that cells in stiff matrices move slowly and continuously, but in softer, deformable matrices cells can rapidly slingshot forward via stretch and recoil of matrix fibres.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A B-ALL-ASSOCIATED GERMLINE ETV6 VARIANT ON MURINE HEMATOPOIESIS AND STEM CELL FUNCTION

The transcription factor ETV6 is required for bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis and survival of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but the mechanisms by which ETV6 regulates these processes remain unclear. We and others reported that germline variants in ETV6 are associated with autosomal dominant thrombocytopenia and occurrence of B-ALL. We identified likely pathogenic variants in 0.8% of 4,405 childhood ALL cases, and functional evaluation of these variants revealed impairment of transcriptional repression activity of ETV6. To investigate the impact of ETV6 variants on hematopoiesis, we generated a CRISPR-Cas9-derived mouse model (Etv6R355X/+) that mirrors an ETV6 R359X variant observed in multiple ALL cases. Flow cytometry of the BM revealed progressive changes in stem and progenitor cells, with 12-month-old ETV6R355X/+ mice showing ∼40% reductions in HSPCs and ∼40% increases in pro-B cells. Lineage-negative, cKit+, Sca1+ (LSK) cells from 3-month-old ETV6R355X/+ mice showed impaired engraftment in a competitive transplant model, as demonstrated by significantly reduced chimerism in primary, secondary, and tertiary recipients. To determine how the ETV6 R355X variant influences the hematopoietic transcriptional landscape, we performed RNA-seq and ATAC-seq from LSK and pro-B cells of 3-month-old WT or Etv6R355X/+ mice. We found 90 and 125 differentially expressed genes in LSK and pro-B cells, respectively. GSEA revealed enrichment of genes associated with hypoxia response and stem cell maintenance. ATAC-seq revealed a preferential shift toward an increase in open chromatin in Etv6R355X/+ cells within regions highly enriched for ETS DNA consensus motifs, indicating a potential loss of ETV6-mediated repression. These findings demonstrate that a pathogenic ETV6 variant can disrupt normal hematopoiesis and alter the transcriptional profile of stem and progenitor cells.
Generation of a genetically modified human embryonic stem cells expressing fluorescence tagged ATOX1

ATOX1 is a copper chaperone involved in intracellular copper homeostasis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression. To investigate the physiologically relevant molecular mechanism of ATOX1 by using imaging-based approaches, we genetically modified ATOX1 in H1 hESCs to express mCherry-ATOX1 fusion protein under endogenous regulatory machinery. The fluorescence engineered hESC clone maintains characteristic stem cell features and can differentiate to all three germ layers, serving as a unique tool to dissect the role of ATOX1 in various cellular processes.
Strategies for enhancement of natural bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, populations; A case study in the Niantic River estuary, Connecticut, USA

We investigated strategies to enhance populations of bay scallops,Argopecten irradians irradians (Lamarck, 1819), in a presumablyrecruitment-limited natural habitat. At present, the Niantic Riverestuary supports only a minor bay scallop population that is harvestedrecreationally. Three enhancement strategies were evaluated; (1)collection and redistribution of natural spatfall, (2) introduction andover-wintering of hatchery-reared stock into natural habitat to providenew spawning stock, and (3) over-wintering of hatchery-reared stock insuspension culture for creation of mobile spawner sanctuaries. Anassessment of natural bay scallop recruitment in the Niantic Riverconducted in 1997 indicated that few spat were found, they were widelydispersed within the river, and peak spawning occurred in late July1997. Direct re-seeding was evaluated as an enhancement measure byplanting hatchery-reared scallops (≌ 38 mm shell height) insmall-scale, 100-m2 plots at different times and densities.Time of planting and the inferred predation intensity were major factorsaffecting survival; whereas, planting density had no significant effect.Approximately 9,000 scallops (35–45 mm shell height), broadcastwithin an eelgrass bed in November 1997, had high over-winter survivaland underwent gametogenesis and spawning during 1998. Of 26,000 bayscallops (≌ 45 mm shell height) over-wintered in suspensionculture from 1998–1999, approximately 60–80%survived, and these scallops spawned in mobile sanctuaries, during thesummer of 1999. There is good potential for using aquacultural methodsfor enhancement of bay scallop populations when natural recruitment ispoor and habitat and environmental conditions are not limiting.
INAPPROPRIATE SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR SHOCK CAUSED BY NOISE RESULTING FROM AIR ENTRAPMENT IN THE GENERATOR SCREW SET: A RARE CASE REPORT

Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) eliminates the need for transvenous leads and reduces lead-related complications; however, patients are still prone to various causes of inappropriate shocks. A 50-year-old male with history of left ventricular diverticula underwent
Annals On Call - SGLT2 Inhibitor-Associated Ketoacidosis-A History Lesson.

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2 inhibitors with Dr. Bruce Leslie. They discuss the history of the progenitor of SGLT2 inhibitors and how r...
A digital strategy for manometer dynamic enhancement

Application of digital signal processing techniques to improve the non-linear dynamic characteristics of a sonar-type mercury manometer is described. The dynamic enhancement strategy quasi-linearizes the manometer characteristics and improves the effective bandwidth in the context of a wind-tunnel pressure regulation system. Model identification data and real-time hybrid simulation data demonstrate feasibility of approach.
Chromosome-wide analysis of protein binding and modifications

In order to fully understand the functions of a DNA-binding protein it is necessary to identify all of its binding sites in chromosomes and assess the role of each site in the overall biological function of the factor. An approach ChIP-on-Chip which combines the chromatin immunoprecipitation technique with chromosomal DNA microarray analysis, has proven to be a powerful means for the chromosome-wide identification of protein binding sites. This approach can also be used to characterize chromosome-wide variations in patterns of post-translational protein modifications, for example histone modifications. This chapter presents methodologies for the ChIP-on-Chip analysis, using as an example the identification of chromosome-wide binding sites for the TATA-binding protein in mitotic cells.
Synapse development and maturation at the drosophila neuromuscular junction

Synapses are the sites of neuron-to-neuron communication and form the basis of the neural circuits that underlie all animal cognition and behavior. Chemical synapses are specialized asymmetric junctions between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic target that form through a series of diverse cellular and subcellular events under the control of complex signaling networks. Once established, the synapse facilitates neurotransmission by mediating the organization and fusion of synaptic vesicles and must also retain the ability to undergo plastic changes. In recent years, synaptic genes have been implicated in a wide array of neurodevelopmental disorders; the individual and societal burdens imposed by these disorders, as well as the lack of effective therapies, motivates continued work on fundamental synapse biology. The properties and functions of the nervous system are remarkably conserved across animal phyla, and many insights into the synapses of the vertebrate central nervous system have been derived from studies of invertebrate models. A prominent model synapse is the Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction, which bears striking similarities to the glutamatergic synapses of the vertebrate brain and spine; further advantages include the simplicity and experimental versatility of the fly, as well as its century-long history as a model organism. Here, we survey findings on the major events in synaptogenesis, including target specification, morphogenesis, and the assembly and maturation of synaptic specializations, with a emphasis on work conducted at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.
Examining Neuromuscular Control of the Vastus Medialis Oblique and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Fundamental Dance Movements.

Elite dancers have a higher rate of injury than college athletes. This may be due, in part, to improper alignment during dance movements. Electromyography (EMG) can be an important indicator of such activity. This study aimed to examine how turnout (maximal hip external rotation) impacts activation of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles during fundamental dance movements. Thirty female collegiate dancers were recruited from intermediate and advanced ballet and modern technique classes. Surface EMG was used to examine activation of the VMO and VL during maximal isokinetic knee extension in demi-plies and sautes in parallel and turned-out positions. The mean VMO:VL ratio was determined as a percentage of the highest repetition of maximal extension. The ratio was significantly lower during parallel sautes (0.921 ± 0.258) in comparison to turned-out sautes (1.008 ± 0.384; p = 0.033) and parallel plies (1.185 ± 0.509; p = 0.002). No significant relationships were found between the VMO:VL ratio and injury history or predominant style of dance. Further investigation is warranted to examine the relationships between VMO:VL activation, patellofemoral alignment, and risk of pathology during simple and complex dance movements.
Cognitive-perceptual and disorganized schizotypal traits are nonlinearly related to atypical semantic content on tasks of semantic fluency

Language deficits emerge early in the course of schizophrenia, yet research findings in those at-risk for schizophrenia, such as those with schizotypy, are mixed. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship of language ability, measured via semantic fluency, to schizotypy, examining both linear and non-linear relations. Semantic fluency data from 295 individuals with varying amounts of schizotypal traits were analyzed utilizing traditional methods (i.e., counting words generated that fit a specific semantic category). The content of semantic fluency responses was also analyzed via a semantic infrequency score (i.e., how infrequent participant responses were relative to all responses generated for the category in the study sample) and a total semantic productivity score (i.e., how many unique words generated overall, including those that did not fit the semantic category). Using traditional methods of scoring, schizotypy was not related to semantic fluency. However, schizotypy was non-linearly related to semantic infrequency and productivity, reflecting atypical semantic activation and processing. In particular, cognitive-perceptual and disorganized, but not interpersonal, traits were related to semantic infrequency and productivity. Valuable content-based information is missed when only analyzing semantic fluency data via the traditional method in the schizophrenia spectrum population. Cognitive-perceptual and disorganized traits, attenuated thought disorder symptoms, evidence the strongest relationship to semantic fluency, further illustrating the link between language and schizophrenia symptoms along the schizophrenia spectrum.
Sequence-encoded and composition-dependent protein-RNA interactions control multiphasic condensate morphologies.

Multivalent protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions are the drivers of biological phase separation. Biomolecular condensates typically contain a dense network of multiple proteins and RNAs, and their competing molecular interactions play key roles in regulating the condensate composition and structure. Employing a ternary system comprising of a prion-like polypeptide (PLP), arginine-rich polypeptide (RRP), and RNA, we show that competition between the PLP and RNA for a single shared partner, the RRP, leads to RNA-induced demixing of PLP-RRP condensates into stable coexisting phases—homotypic PLP condensates and heterotypic RRP-RNA condensates. The morphology of these biphasic condensates (non-engulfing/ partial engulfing/ complete engulfing) is determined by the RNA-to-RRP stoichiometry and the hierarchy of intermolecular interactions, providing a glimpse of the broad range of multiphasic patterns that are accessible to these condensates. Our findings provide a minimal set of physical rules that govern the composition and spatial organization of multicomponent and multiphasic biomolecular condensates. Liquid ribonucleoprotein condensates typically involve a dense network of multiple proteins and RNAs. Here, the authors employ a minimal system composed of Prion-like polypeptides (PLP), Arg-rich polypeptides (RRP), and RNA to form biphasic condensates with diverse morphologies tunable via mixture stoichiometry and hierarchy of intermolecular interactions.
Osteonecrosis of mandible secondary to sickle cell crisis

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy causing amino acid substitution in the B-hemoglobin chain of erythrocytes. SCD affects 1 in 500 African American children. SCD is associated with multiorgan morbidity and significant reduction in life expectancy. Vaso-occlusive crisis associated with SCD is characterized by acute pain and local tissue hypoxia and necrosis. The extremities, back, and chest are frequently affected, and jaw involvement is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases of jaw osteonecrosis secondary to SCD have been reported in the English-language literature. Case Summary A 38-year-old African American man with a history of SCD and avascular necrosis of the hips presented to an emergency department with severe pain in his back, legs, and chest due to a vaso-occlusive episode precipitated by physical overexertion. A few days later, the patient complained of left jaw pain and paresthesia. Computed tomography (CT) of the head with intravenous (IV) contrast, maxillofacial CT with IV contrast, and the remainder of the neurologic examinations were unremarkable. The oral medicine service was consulted, and physical examination of the patient demonstrated lingual gingival tissue swelling of the lower left molars. The mass was nonfluctuant with ulceration causing malalignment of tooth number 18. Bone biopsy revealed squamous mucosa with hemorrhagic foci, ulceration, and ectatic blood vessels with fragments of necrotic bone consistent with osteonecrosis. At the patient's 2-week follow-up visit, a small area of exposed necrotic bone was noted in the affected area. Maxillofacial CT without IV contrast showed mixed radiolucency and sclerosis with dehiscence along the lingual cortex of the posterior mandibular body and along the cortex of the retromolar trigone. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral solution was prescribed, and debridement of the left posterior mandible and extraction of the lower left molars with local flap reconstruction were recommended by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon. The patient did not return for follow-up management. Conclusions Acute pain and chronic vasculopathy are significant complications of SCD. Jaw involvement in SCD is very rare, as illustrated in this case. It is important for oral health care professionals to understand the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of SCD.
The genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves as neurorrhaphy candidates for erectile function restoration in patients with prostatectomy-induced erectile dysfunction

Approximately one-third of men develop erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Microsurgical grafts of various nerves have been shown to successfully correct neurogenic erectile dysfunction (nED). However, little is known about the anatomic variations of these nerves in the exploration of nerve transfer to avoid using a graft. This study seeks to identify structural, topographic, and distributional variations in humans of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves, as well as to identify the best candidates for end-to-end neurorrhaphy in patients with sensory or parasympathetic penile dysfunction, with a single coaptation reducing axonal dropout. Three adult male cadavers were obtained from the USC Keck School of Medicine fresh tissue cadaver lab. The diameter, length, and number of sensory branches of the left ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, and dorsal nerve of the penis were assessed in each cadaver. Distance from sensory branch points of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves to the base of the dorsal nerve of the penis and to the cavernous plexus of the prostate were also measured. The genitofemoral nerve (1.8 mm) was found to be larger in diameter than the ilioinguinal (0.9 mm) in all cadavers (p > 0.05). Mean distance to the dorsal nerve of the penis measured 8.0 cm, and 6.6 cm to the cavernous plexus. The dorsal nerve of the penis demonstrated an average of 3.3 sensory branches, with mean diameter of 1.6 mm. The average diameter of the dorsal nerve of the penis proper measured 3.7 mm across cadavers. The genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves have been identified as potential candidates for end-to-end neurorrhaphy to the dorsal nerve of the penis in the setting of neurogenic erectile dysfunction, with the aim at avoiding nerve grafting. Level of evidence: Not gradable
Role of food marketing in childhood obesity

Childhood Obesity has come across as one of the rampant health concern in United States. The causes engendering to childhood obesity are multifactorial but food companies are often criticized. Particular attention has been focused on the aggressive food marketing stunts adopted to lure children. Comprehending these marketing strategies is of major importance in combating this problem. Employing a comprehensive literature review on marketing food to children and their impacts create the crux of this article The tactics embraced by companies include advertisements through Television, Internet and Advergaming, In-school marketing; these strategies influence children's dietary consumption, eating preferences and purchase requests. A lot of emphasis needs to be given on self-regulations, policy implications and government intervention to demonstrate stealth advertising and promote healthy lifestyle amongst children. Although a large body of research advocates the direct connection between food advertising to children and obesity but nothing has been grounded so far.
ENGAGING CONFLICT: SUPPORTING POWER‐SHARING THROUGH CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT RESOLUTION

Ideally, collaborative work combines multiple stakeholders’ resources and efforts to achieve common goals. Within collaborative settings, people from a variety of backgrounds come together to address complex social issues that are beyond the scope of any single community sector. While shared power in decision making has been established as an important feature of effective collaborative settings, our current understanding of members’ experiences of decision-making power within such settings is limited. The present study examined data collected from Family Violence Councils to investigate the relationship between members’ perceived decision-making power, defined as their perceived influence over the direction and agenda of the Council, and member characteristics, perceived levels of Council conflict, and conflict resolution strategies utilized by Councils. Findings from this study indicate that the utilization of “constructive” conflict resolution strategies by Councils may be a key factor to consider in effective facilitation of power sharing among members.
Array Macro Set for a Microsystem in CMOS-Technology

A set of four high-performance exploratory static array macros (tacc= 7.5, 7.5, 9.5, 11.5 nS, densities up to 72K) has been developed for a VLSI design that uses logic and memory on the same chip. Technology used is 1? CMOS with single-level poly-Si and triple-level metal. Key design features include partial R/W, sense-circuit with pre-amplification and a new fuse scheme for redundancy.
Nonenzymatic glycation of Na,K-ATPase : effects on ATP hydrolysis and K+ occlusion

Glycation of the Na,K-ATPase in vitro (formation of Schiff base with glucose followed by reduction with NaCNBH3) shows the presence of three classes of reactive amino groups that differentially affect catalysis and cation binding. Reaction in the absence of ATP results in irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity with a t1/2 of 53 min. This is due to modification of one class of amino groups that affect the catalytic domain of the enzyme. In the presence of ATP, glycation first results in a shift in the steady state kinetics of ATP hydrolysis from substrate activation to Michaelis-Menten kinetics accompanied by an increase in the apparent affinity for K+ in the p-nitrophenylphosphatase reaction. This change in kinetic properties occurs with a t1/2 of 9 min and results in the complete loss of K+ occlusion. Incorporation of glucose is into the catalytic subunit, remote from the N-terminal end. Apparent total inhibition of K+ occlusion occurs with a stoichiometry 0.8 mol of glucose incorporated per mol of enzyme. Therefore, there is a rapidly reacting amino group that affects the cation binding domain of the Na,K-ATPase. More slowly, with a t1/2 of 9 h, the ATP hydrolysis kinetics change from Michaelis-Menten to substrate inhibition without recovery of K+ occlusion, showing that, in the E1 conformation, there is a third, slower reacting class of amino groups in the Na,K-ATPase that affects low affinity nucleotide interaction with the catalytic subunit.
Low-voltage vertical-cavity transmission modulator for 1.32 /spl mu/m

Summary form only given. We have developed a transmission modulator suitable for free-space communications applications at the 1.32-/spl mu/m Nd:YAG laser wavelength. Our device is a Fabry-Perot resonator with InGaAs-InAlAs mirror stacks and an InGaAs-InAlGaAs strained-layer superlattice active-cavity region.