cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survival of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 on inoculated almond kernels in hot water treatments

Abstract Almonds are blanched by exposure to hot water or steam-injected water to remove the pellicle (skin) from the kernel. This study evaluated the survival of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30, Salmonella Senftenberg 775W and Enterococcus faecalis on whole raw almond kernels exposed to hot water. Whole, inoculated (7 to 9 log CFU/g) Nonpareil almonds (40 g) were submerged in 25 L of water maintained at 60, 70, 80 and 88 °C. Almonds were heated for up to 12 min, drained for 2 s, and transferred to 80 mL of cold (4 °C) tryptic soy broth. Almonds in broth were stomached at high speed for 2 min, serially diluted, plated onto tryptic soy and bismuth sulfite agars ( Salmonella ) or bile esculin agar ( Enterococcus ) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 and 48 h, respectively. D values of 2.6, 1.2, 0.75 and 0.39 min were calculated for exposure of S . Enteritidis PT 30 to water at 60, 70, 80 and 88 °C, respectively; the calculated z value was 35 C°. D values determined for Salmonella Senftenberg 775W and E. faecalis at 88 °C were 0.37 and 0.36 min, respectively. Neither Salmonella serovar could be recovered by enrichment of 1-g samples after almonds inoculated at 5 log CFU/g were heated at 88 °C for 2 min. These data will be useful to validate almond industry blanching processes.
Outcome of neurolysis combined with anterior submuscular transfer of ulnar nerve in McGowan Grade II and III tardy ulnar nerve palsy.

OBJECTIVE To see the impact of combined neurolysis and submuscular transposition approach in patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy of Mc Gowan grades II and III. METHODS The descriptive case series was conducted at King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, between January 2013 and January 2014, and comprised patients with positive nerve conduction study and electromyography, aged above 14 years with McGowan grades II and III tardy ulnar nerve palsy of any aetiology. They were treated by a single surgeon and his team. Anterior submuscular transposition with internal neurolysis under loupes was performed. Improvement in hand function was determined with Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Handscore 6 months postoperatively. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. RESULTS Of the 20 consecutive patients in the study, 14(70%) were males and 6(30%) were females with a standard deviation of 16.35(range: 14-60 years). Six-month postoperatively, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Handscore had a mean improvement from 43 to 21 (standard deviation from 6.46 to 7.51) supporting the evidence that 18(90%) patients had significant improvement in hand function. There was 1(5%) excellent, 13(65%) good, 4(20%) fair and 2(10%) poor functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Mc Gowan grades II and III tardy ulnar nerve palsy showed good functional outcome when internal neurolysis was combined with submuscular transposition.
The Classification of Service Providers as "Contract Workers" rather than "Employees": Implications and Guildlines for Small Businesses

Small businesses can reap a variety of benefits by classifying some of their workers as "contract workers" rather than "employees." However, there are significant risks involved as well. This article explains the issues and regulations involved in such a classification, gives some examples, and then provides the small business owner, manager and advisor with a series of guidelines to increase the likelihood of correct classification, maximum benefit and minimum risk to the company.
Clearing the Path: The Perils of Positing Civil Society in Conflict and Transition

Can there be a general theoretical perspective on civil society's involvement in transitional justice? This article considers this question in its application to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Within the study of transitional justice and conflict resolution, civil society – a notoriously plastic concept – can be understood narrowly as rights-oriented groups working ‘for’ peace, but the term is equally available to describe a broader array of communities that can either promote or prevent peace and justice. It is, in fact, quite difficult to sustain a theoretical distinction between them, because transitional justice does not escape the dictates of politics – of differing human desires expressed through power. Efforts to memorialise imply conflict over the particular memories to be privileged; claims for reparations are not only demands for justice, but for material redistribution that in turn may promote conflict. A narrow view of civil society problematically assumes we even know – let alone agree on – what constitutes positive change. In the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, that is a fraught proposition. Both an accurate definition of civil society and the valence of justice work slip beyond the narrow confines of the received model's assumptions: both Jewish and Palestinian groups mobilise a spectrum of resources from political engagement, to overseas support, to violent self-help. On both sides, civil society groups are instrumentalised to advance not an agenda of peace or justice in some abstract sense but a parochial claim that, seen from the other side, is, in fact, an obstacle to resolution. Indeed, there may be no peace or justice initiatives that can be analytically separated from efforts the purpose and effect of which is the very opposite of our conventional understanding of the field. The range from vocal activism to violent action, the spectrum of activation, commitment and radicalism, must be understood as fraught but connected and unbroken – as, at most, a kind of punctuated continuum. The real work performed by civil society in promoting agendas of peace and justice cannot properly be understood without locating it in a defensible theoretical and empirical framework. Imagining a narrow civil society risks skewing our analysis of what civil society can do and actually does in relation to conflict. Civil society can clear the path to peace, or can provide the principal obstacles to it – it can simultaneously do both. In this it very much shares the ambiguous, multivalent profile of its classic counterpart: politics in the public sphere.
Nystagmus and ocular fixation difficulties in learning-disabled children.

The visual fixation ability of learning-disabled children was evaluated after sensory integrative therapy had been administered for short or long periods of time. Children with hyporesponsive postrotary nystagmus displayed reduced oculomotor control skills, but the deficit was apparent only in those who had been in therapy for a shorter interval. These results present further support for the hypothesis that the learning disabled can be differentiated according to their nystagmus characteristics. In addition, very tentative evidence suggested that sensory integrative therapy may have been successful in ameliorating the fixation deficiency; however, further research into this possibility is needed. The data also indicate that oculomotor control dysfunction may be a mediating mechanism for at least part of the learning disabilities experienced by some learning-disabled children. Language: en
Parallel Computation of Solution Adaptive Cartesian Grids with SFC

The efficient parallel computation of unstructured grid flow solver requires an adequate grid decomposition strategy because of its complex spatial data structure. The difficulties of even and block-contiguous partitioning in frequently adapting unstructured Cartesian grid are overcome by implementing the 3D Hilbert space-filling-curve (SFC). Grids constructed by SFC in a parallel environment promise shorter inter-CPU communication time while maintaining perfect load balancing between CPUs. The load imbalance due to local solution adaption is simply apportioned by re-segmenting the curve into even pieces. The detailed structure of 3D Hilbert SFC and the parallel computing efficiency results based on this grid partition method are also presented.
Representing odor quality space: a perceptual framework for olfactory processing

For most people, olfaction is a sense which is often ignored or used unconsciously during day-to-day activities. Yet it is a remarkably powerful sense, providing us with the means to remotely monitor our chemical environment. The main components of olfactory perception (odor quality, odor intensity, and hedonic value) are all active areas of research in olfactory behavior and psychophysics. Nevertheless, the nature and extent of olfactory experience remain elusive, and this especially hampers efforts to approach olfaction computationally.
Anaphylaxis Simulation Programs Can Improve Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) of Pediatric Residents

Artemio M. Jongco, III, MD, PhD, MPH, Scott J. Bodner, MD, Ana Barrera, Joshua L. Brenner, Brianne Navetta-Modrov, MD, Myriam Kline, PhD, Saima I. Chaudhry, MD, Gregory Grimaldi, MD, Barry F. Kanzer, MD, Michal Tamuz, PhD; Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, Division of Allergy & Immunology Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, Department of Medicine Glen Cove Hospital, Glen Cove, NY, Center for Learning and Innovation North Shore LIJ Health System, Lake Success, NY, Department of Medicine Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, Department of Radiology North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, Department of Radiology Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY. RATIONALE: Physicians, regardless of training level, under-diagnose and under-manage anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threating allergic reaction. Epinephrine is the first-line anaphylaxis treatment, but data on provider proficiency using epinephrine autoinjectors are limited. Teaching resident physicians how to use epinephrine autoinjectors is a modifiable deficiency. METHODS: We designed a 15-minute educational module including: viewing manufacturer instructional video excerpt, practicing hands-on with colleagues, and receiving feedback from an allergist. To assess EpiPen proficiency, we developed a checklist of 8 critical actions for EpiPen administration called E-PAT (EpiPen Proficiency Assessment Tool).We validated E-PAT in two distinct groups: internal medicine interns during orientation, and radiology residents (PGY 2-5). Two independent raters used E-PAT to evaluate resident proficiency: an allergist and a trained senior resident evaluated medicine residents, whereas an allergist and a person without medical training evaluated radiology residents. Inter-rater reliability and mean E-PAT scores (maximum 5 8) were calculated. RESULTS: Participants included 58 medicine interns and 37 radiology residents. Both groups demonstrated excellent proficiency immediately after the training: Internal medicine interns (mean 5 7.52 6 0.85) and radiology residents (mean 5 7.55 6 0.66). There was good inter-rater agreement between two physicians (Cohen’s Kappa 5 0.78 6 0.23) and between a physician and lay person (Cohen’s Kappa 5 0.89 6 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Residents achieve proficiency in EpiPen usage by participating in a brief, multimodal educational program. E-PAT is a validated, simple-to-use tool for assessing clinician EpiPen proficiency. High inter-rater reliability between physician and lay person suggests that a trained lay person can evaluate residents.
Sodium Tellurite as a Rapid Test for the Viability of Tubercle Bacilli: Studies on the Biochemistry and Chemotheraphy of Tuberculosis, XIII

would be a valuable help in work on tuberculosis, especially on its experimental chemotherapy. It was hoped that such an agent was at hand when Gosio described his selenite and tellurite reduction tests as indicators of life or death of bacteria. In his tests, he included the tubercle bacillus and found that it behaved exactly as other bacteria towards the agent. If Gosio's statement is correct, one could accomplish within twenty-four to forty-eight hours what would require at least a month by the inoculation method. Since Gosio's tests on the tubercle bacillus, however, were only incidental in a large series, it was necessary in determining their practical value to control his results and to apply them to actual experiments in chemotherapy. If the tests could not be used in chemotherapeutic experiments where interfering chemical substances are dealt with, they perhaps could be an aid in the determination of whether a culture to be used in an experiment was viable or not. Absence of this information frequently occasions the loss of valuable time because where the culture is not viable, this becomes apparent only at the end of a month or so when neither controls nor test animals develop tuberculosis, or when, in culture experiments, no growth occurs. Further investigation was also indicated by the fact that the agents in question possess possible chemotherapeutic value.
Examining Work-Family Enrichment as an Autonomously Motivated Experience of Resource Investment

The current research integrates literature on work-family enrichment with conservation of resources theory and self-determination theory to propose that work-family enrichment can be conceptualized as an autonomously motivated experience involving resource investment. Based on this theoretical reasoning, a model is proposed that examines relationships between work resources and work-family enrichment through satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work. In addition, our theoretical model suggests that need satisfaction at work relates to positive outcomes at home through work-family enrichment. We test the hypothesized relationships with a sample of 118 full-time employees who were also rated on certain family domain variables by their significant others. Results demonstrate support for many of our hypotheses and suggest that a deeper theoretical understanding of work-family enrichment as an autonomously motivated experience concerning resource investment has important impli...
Faculty Development Initiatives to Advance Research Literacy and Evidence-Based Practice at CAM Academic Institutions

Objectives: To present the varied approaches of 9 complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) institutions (all grantees of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine) used to develop faculty expertise in research literacy and evidence-based practice (EBP) in order to integrate these concepts into CAM curricula. Design: A survey to elicit information on the faculty development initiatives was administered via e-mail to the 9 program directors. All 9 completed the survey, and 8 grantees provided narrative summaries of faculty training outcomes. Results: The grantees found the following strategies for implementing their programs most useful: assess needs, develop and adopt research literacy and EBP competencies, target early adopters and change leaders, employ best practices in teaching and education, provide meaningful incentives, capitalize on resources provided by grant partners, provide external training opportunities, and garner support from institutional leadership. Instructional approaches varied considerably across grantees. The most common were workshops, online resources, in-person short courses, and in-depth seminar series developed by the grantees. Many also sent faculty to intensive multiday extramural training programs. Program evaluation included measuring participation rates and satisfaction and the integration of research literacy and EBP learning objectives throughout the academic curricula. Most grantees measured longitudinal changes in beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and competencies with repeated faculty surveys. Conclusions: A common need across all 9 CAM grantee institutions was foundational training for faculty in research literacy and EBP. Therefore, each grantee institution developed and implemented a faculty development program. In developing the framework for their programs, grantees used strategies that were viewed critical for success, including making them multifaceted and unique to their specific institutional needs. These strategies, in conjunction with the grantees' instructional approaches, can be of practical use in other CAM and non-CAM academic environments considering the introduction of research literacy and EBP competencies into their curricula.
Structuring Human Intestinal Organoids

Organoids are millimeter-scale tissues that replicate the structure and function of naturally formed organs. These tissues are grown in the lab through the directed differentiation of stem cells and have potential uses in biotechnology. Human intestinal organoids (HIO's) serve as a model system for the small intestine and offer potential in regenerative medicine, drug formulation testing, and microbiome research. HIO's are roughly spherical in shape, with an inner volume of aqueous liquid enclosed by a tissue shell. This closed structure is adequate for short-term experiments, but lack of advective transport through the intraluminal space leads to buildup of waste and cellular debris and precludes the use of organoids for experiments lasting longer than several weeks. Here we describe the use of fluidic techniques to structure the HIO in such a way as to facilitate advective transport, thus extending the time over which HIO are viable. Our results could enable the use of HIO's for long-term experimentation.
Efficacy of Oral Fleroxacin in Bone and Joint Infections

Bone and joint infections have traditionally required long-term parenteral antimicrobial therapy, which is often expensive and inconvenient. Because of their excellent absorption and tissue penetration, oral quinolones may provide an alternative to parenteral therapy. This multicenter study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral fleroxacin in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. A total of 96 patients with either septic arthritis or acute or chronic osteomyelitis from 17 U.S. centers were enrolled in a noncomparative study using oral fleroxacin 400 mg per day. Patients with implantable devices were excluded. Proof of infection for evaluability required clinical findings in addition to bacteriologic recovery of a susceptible organism from synovial fluid or bone. Treatment lasted 2–12 weeks. Clinical and bacteriologic outcomes were judged at the conclusion of therapy and in the 6-week follow-up period. A total of 30 patients qualified for efficacy analysis (26 osteomyelitis, 4 septic arthritis). Bacteriologic cure was achieved in 77% of the osteomyelitis group and 50% of the septic arthritis group. Clinical cures were reported in 54% of the osteomyelitis group and 50% of the septic arthritis group. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently recovered pathogen (62% evaluable cases). Safety was evaluated in 96 patients. The most common side effects were nausea, vomiting, and skin reactions. Oral fleroxacin may be a safe, effective, and certainly less expensive alternative to standard intravenous antimicrobial therapy in patients with bone and joint infections.
Schubert’s Lieder and the Philosophy of Early German Romanticism; Reclaiming Late-Romantic Music: Singing Devils and Distant Sounds

Whither is fled the visionary gleam? Where is it now, the glory and the dream? (Wordsworth, “Ode: Intimations of Immortality”)The word “Romantic” implies lateness – “Romantics” are those who, like ...
RECOVERY OF T c BY ANNEALING IN DISORDERED Nb 3 Pt

Publisher Summary The superconducting critical temperature of the A15 compound Nb3Pt can be depressed by rapid “splat” quenching from the melt and by fast neutron irradiation. In both cases the effect on critical temperature is believed to be caused by anti-site disorder. Annealing allows the recovery of the critical temperature to its original value. Studies of kinetics of recovery can yield information about atom movements in disordered compounds, and in particular give estimates of activation energies for the reordering processes. Such studies in neutron-irradiated material are complicated by the additional presence of an excess of radiation-induced vacancies, and other defects. Those complications are absent in thermally disordered and rapid-quenched samples, and a comparison between their behavior and that of irradiated samples is especially valuable. The similarity of recovery behavior, at long times, for both thermally disordered and irradiated samples reinforces the belief that the degradation in the critical temperature by radiation is mainly caused by anti-site disorder.
Preliminary and time-efficient vulnerability assessment of structural columns subjected to blast loading

Abstract The determination of the nonlinear response of structural members subjected to a close-in explosive threat is challenging. There are various ways to quantify the blast resistance and mode of failure of a structural member, e.g. experimental testing which is expensive and time-consuming, or high-fidelity finite element analysis which is also time-consuming. The familiar analytical approach using an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is much less costly, however, as will be shown in this paper, may lack accuracy. Based on an extensive study of the nonlinear response of a ground-floor column of a high-rise building subjected to close-in explosive threat, using nonlinear explicit finite element analysis as well as analytical single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system approach, the source of inaccuracy of the analytical approach is identified, and an empirical approach using Multivariable Polynomial Regression (MPR) is established. The paper presents a head-to-head comparison of the results produced by finite element analysis, the SDOF system analysis, the empirical approach, and experimental test data to emphasize the accuracy and time-efficiency of the proposed approach. The approach has the potential to establish itself as a time-efficient preliminary vulnerability assessment methodology of structural members subjected to close-in blast loading.
A Case of Miller Fisher Syndrome and Literature Review.

Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was first recognized by James Collier in 1932 as a clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. Later, it was described in 1956 by Charles Miller Fisher as a possible variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Here, we write a case of a patient with atypical presentation of this clinical triad as the patient presented with double vision initially due to unilateral ocular involvement that progressed to bilateral ophthalmoplegia. He developed weakness of the lower extremities and areflexia subsequently. A diagnosis of MFS was made due to the clinical presentation and the presence of albuminocytologic dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with normal results of brain imaging and blood workup. The patient received intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), and his symptoms improved. The initial diagnosis of MFS is based on the clinical presentation and is confirmed by cerebral spinal fluid analysis and clinical neurophysiology studies. This case which emphasizes the knowledge of a rare syndrome can help narrow down the differentials to act promptly and appropriately manage such patients.
Transformative service research and service design: synergistic effects in healthcare

ABSTRACTThis conceptual paper answers the question: How do we design service experiences in whole to increase the well-being of all participants in the healthcare system – patients, families, and caregivers? In order to do so, we position service design as an essential tool and even a mindset needed for transformative service research success. We discuss the transformative role service design plays in improving service and consumer entities’ well-being with a focus on how this approach can lead to improved healthcare service outcomes. We also add to the conversation surrounding service and consumer entities’ well-being by broadening the concept and application of service design to consider social, existential, psychological, and physical well-being. We particularly explore how healthcare services can benefit from further consumer engagement and collaborative patient–provider relationships, two key factors essential for redesigning the industry.
Analyzing Student Learning Gains to Evaluate Differentiated Teacher Preparation for Fostering English Learners’ Achievement in Linguistically Diverse Classrooms:

Researchers compared pre/post classroom assessment scores of n = 8,326 K-12 students taught by n = 288 teacher candidates to determine if a differentiated teacher education program prepared them to...
A Clinical Guide to Combination Lipid-Lowering Therapy

We provide an overview of our current understanding of combination lipid-lowering therapies intended for dyslipidemia treatment and cardiovascular disease prevention. First, we analyze recent statin and non-statin combination therapy guidelines and clinical studies since the publication of 2013 American College of Cardiology Cholesterol Guidelines. Second, we examine the clinical utility of non-statin agents alone and in combination in terms of LDL-C lowering and ASCVD risk reduction. Medical societies, including the American College of Cardiology (ACC), National Lipid Association (NLA), and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), have released guidelines to address the appropriate use of non-statin therapies. The guidelines incorporated new evidence, including the IMPROVE-IT and FOURIER clinical trials, which demonstrate that the combination of statin therapy with other non-statin agents such as ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors has a significant clinical benefit. Increasing evidence that aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering leads to lower cardiovascular disease risk supports the need for continued exploration of the role of combination lipid-lowering therapies. A review of guidelines and clinical trials evaluating non-statin agents illuminates the growing base of evidence and expert opinion supporting the use of combination lipid-lowering therapies. While the majority of clinical trial data utilizes dyslipidemia monotherapy, especially statins, combination therapies represent an opportunity for individualized, patient-centered approach to LDL-C lowering and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction. The overview provides a perspective on lipid management intended for clinicians who seek additional information and guidance on the use of combination therapies.
Government Animal Relief Operations in the Exclusion Zone

This chapter “Government Animal Relief Operations in the Exclusion Zone” examines the policy (and the lack thereof) of the Japanese government on animals in Fukushima. The government designated an area of 20-kilometer radius from the nuclear power station as the exclusion zone and evacuated residents to temporary shelters outside the zone. However, it did not undertake animal rescue operations in earnest, but conducted only pro forma rescue operations for a short period of time, leaving countless animals starving to death.
Stereotactic imaging, surgical planning and computer-assisted resection of intracranial lesions: methods and results.

Robert Henry Clarke described the stereotactic method and had a stereotactic instrument constructed in 1906 (Clarke and Horsley 1906). He and Sir Victor Horsley used the technique for a study of the cerebellar nuclei (Horsley and Clarke 1908). Horsley scoffed when Clarke suggested the application of the stereotactic technique to human neurosurgery. This ended their well known association. Later, in a monograph of 1920, Clarke described several types of stereotactic instruments and proposed human stereotaxis (Clarke 1920).
Use of Cyclic Group Methods in Branch and Bound

Publisher Summary The use of cyclic groups, cutting planes, and shortest paths to provide bounds is very much along the lines of Tomlin's use of Gomory's mixed integer cut. That cut is what the cutting plane algorithm gives after one iteration. Initially, the linear program obtained by dropping all of the integer restrictions is solved as a linear program. The algorithm has two general steps: (1) choose some linear program and solve it as a linear program and (2) choose some variable that is required to be integer-valued but whose value is not integer. Then, create two new linear programs. There are two choices that must be made: the linear program to solve in step 1 and the variable to branch on in step 2. Once a variable in step 2 is chosen creating two new linear programs, one always chooses the next linear program in step 1 to be one of these two linear programs. Whenever one returns to step 1 from one of the three possible cases in step 1, one have not just created two new linear programs and the choice of linear program is completely open. Each such choice begins a new major cycle. The first major cycle consists of solving the linear program, branching on some variable, solving one of these two linear programs, and continuing until the linear program chosen is either infeasible or has an integer optimum solution.
Supporting and measuring global information literacy through cross-cultural studies of web search

In contrast to the earlier two abstracts, this work takes us into an informal learning environment within the developing world. Nevertheless, it is connected with the work in progress discussed in connection with Rose and Kam's abstract above in its focus on information literacy skills. It connects also with the work discussed in the Laferriere and Law abstract in its focus on the internet as an environment to support knowledge sharing and knowledge construction.
The Biodiversity Heritage Library: Empowering discovery through Free Access to biodiversity knowledge

The advancement of knowledge about life on the planet—its origins, preservation, and loss of species and environments—is dependent on access and reference to library collections. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a global digital library that serves the biodiversity research community, as well as a widening circle of those interested in learning more about life. Through an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries and in close collaboration with researchers, bioinformaticians, publishers, and information technology professionals, BHL has democratized access to biodiversity information and revolutionized research worldwide, allowing everyone, everywhere to study and explore life on Earth.
An analytical model for the fate and transport of performance reference compounds and target compounds around cylindrical passive samplers

Passive sampling by deploying organic polymers for 20-30 days in soils or sediments has been used for the assessment of bioavailability and mobility of hydrophobic organic contaminants. An important step in their interpretation is the estimation of the degree of equilibration, typically through the release of performance reference compounds (PRCs). This paper develops an improved modeling tool for predicting the behaviors of PRCs and contaminant compounds in devices in cylindrical geometry, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibers or dialysis samplers of cylindrical cross-section. The model is solved by both a numerically inverted Laplace domain solution and an asymptotic analytical solution. The solutions are verified with the numerically simulated results. A comparison of the developed model to existing models for the calibration of uptake/release rates and the estimation of soil or sediment transport properties is performed. The result suggests that the cylindrical model provides a more accurate prediction for the transient behavior of PRC and target compounds as well as a better estimate of transport properties in the media.
Designing Experiences (E)

To reinforce the O and H from a different angle than P, experiences can create bonds among the members of an embodiment, and potentially with members of other groups with similar embodiments. In this chapter, I discuss the key steps in (re)designing E.
Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Neutral Water with a Cobalt Metallopeptide Catalyst.

CoGGH, a Gly-Gly-His tripeptide coordinated to a cobalt ion, is shown to catalyze the reduction of aqueous protons to hydrogen (H2) in a light-driven reaction in water near neutral pH. Using [Ru(bp...
Sugammadex and Hypersensitivity-Related Reactions: a Review

The purpose of this review is to identify and understand the incidence and implications of sugammadex-induced hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. This review also focuses on the mechanistic causation of anaphylaxis with regard to sugammadex administration and the management of anaphylaxis. The overall incidence of sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis is low, approximately 1:3500, and is comparable with other medications commonly used during the intraoperative period. Several studies and case reports have demonstrated that the mechanism of anaphylaxis is likely IgE- or basophil-mediated and that a diagnosis of anaphylaxis to confirm the etiology of urticaria, hypotension, bronchospasm, and other symptoms is based on positive skin prick testing, elevated tryptase levels, and dose-dependent activation of basophils during in vitro analysis. Bradycardia is a poorly understood adverse effect of sugammadex; however, the risk of bradycardia does not appear to be increased when compared with neostigmine. Sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis is a relatively rare complication but carries a risk of morbidity and mortality if inadequately identified and treated. Existing severity scales allow anesthesiologists to stratify the severity of an anaphylactic response and provide appropriate intraoperative treatment.
Using Name Confusion to Enhance Security

We introduce a novel concept, called Name Confusion, and demonstrate how it can be employed to thwart multiple classes of code-reuse attacks. By building upon Name Confusion, we derive Phantom Name System (PNS): a security protocol that provides multiple names (addresses) to program instructions. Unlike the conventional model of virtual memory with a one-to-one mapping between instructions and virtual memory addresses, PNS creates N mappings for the same instruction, and randomly switches between them at runtime. PNS achieves fast randomization, at the granularity of basic blocks, which mitigates a class of attacks known as (just-in-time) code-reuse. If an attacker uses a memory safety-related vulnerability to cause any of the instruction addresses to be different from the one chosen during a fetch, the exploited program will crash. We quantitatively evaluate how PNS mitigates real-world code-reuse attacks by reducing the success probability of typical exploits to approximately $10^{-12}$. We implement PNS and validate it by running SPEC CPU2017 benchmark suite. We further verify its practicality by adding it to a RISC-V core on an FPGA. Lastly, PNS is mainly designed for resource constrained (wimpy) devices and has negligible performance overhead, compared to commercially-available, state-of-the-art, hardware-based protections.
Prevalence of Disease Conditions and Laboratory Findings in Obese Children: A Decade Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2014

Background: Pediatric obesity is a complex and challenging health problem in the United States with a prevalence of 18.5% among children and adolescents 2-19 years of age. Childhood obesity has been shown to have many harmful effects on health outcomes and the consequences of severe childhood obesity can be devastating. In addition, when compared to their non-obese peers, children with severe obesity are at greater risk for adult obesity. The objective of this analysis was to estimate the clinical and laboratory findings in obese children using a nationally representative data. Methods: Data came from the National Health and Nutrition …
COSMOLOGICAL ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS WITH ENZO

In this work, we present EnzoMHD, the extension of the cosmological code Enzo to include the effects of magnetic fields through the ideal magnetohydrodynamics approximation. We use a higher order Godunov method for the computation of interface fluxes. We use two constrained transport methods to compute the electric field from those interface fluxes, which simultaneously advances the induction equation and maintains the divergence of the magnetic field. A second-order divergence-free reconstruction technique is used to interpolate the magnetic fields in the block-structured adaptive mesh refinement framework already extant in Enzo. This reconstruction also preserves the divergence of the magnetic field to machine precision. We use operator splitting to include gravity and cosmological expansion. We then present a series of cosmological and non-cosmological test problems to demonstrate the quality of solution resulting from this combination of solvers.
Breast feeding support- Do female health care providers perform better than their male peers ?

Background: While breastfeeding contributes to beneficial health outcomes for both child and mother, rates of (any/exclusive) breastfeeding drop steadily from birth through infancy. Individual-level support and education interventions positively impact the rates of any and exclusive breastfeeding more so duirng the post partum period when the demands for medical and emotional help are high. Objective: To compare the breast feeding support offered by male and female health care providers to mothers during their post partum period in a hospital affiliated ambulatory …
Preparing Silver Linings for a Cloudy Day: The Consequences of Preemptive Benefit Finding.

Waiting for important news is stressful. In four studies, we assess the utility of preemptive benefit finding, a coping strategy in which people seek silver linings in bad news before receiving new...
Remodeling the ECM: Implications for Metastasis and Tumor Dormancy

While most primary tumors can be effectively treated, therapeutics fail to efficiently eliminate metastases. Metastases arise from cancer cells that leave the primary tumor and seed distant sites. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells disseminate early during tumor progression and can remain dormant for years before they resume growth. In these metastatic organs, cancer cells reside in microenvironments where they interact with other cells, but also with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM was long considered to be an inert, non-cellular component of tissues, providing their architecture. However, in recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that the ECM is a key driver of cancer progression, and it can exert effects on tumor cells, regulating their metastatic fate. ECM remodeling and degradation is required for the early steps of the metastatic cascade: invasion, tumor intravasation, and extravasation. Similarly, ECM molecules have been shown to be important for metastatic outgrowth. However, the role of ECM molecules on tumor dormancy and their contribution to the dormancy-supportive niches is not well understood. In this perspective article, we will summarize the current knowledge of ECM and its role in tumor metastasis and dormancy. We will discuss how a better understanding of the individual components of the ECM niche and their roles mediating the dormant state of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) will advance the development of new therapies to target dormant cells and prevent metastasis outgrowth.
OCT Based Scanning System to enable 3D Viewing, Sharing and Printing of Artworks

We acquired 3D volumetric data of artworks with an OCT-based hybrid scanning platform. The data is then exported into standard 3D data formats that can be 3D printed, shared, and viewed in VR and AR.
Association of Loneliness With Falls: A Study of Older US Adults Using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project:

Objectives: Falls represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, and are more common among those living alone. We aimed to determine if there is an association between lo...
Self-Concept and Retailing Strategy

The concepts of self-congruity and ideal congruity are reviewed and discussed in the context of store patronage and store loyalty. A model is then presented that integrates these concepts and defines four market segments: positive self-congruity, positive self-incongruity, negative self-congruity, and negative self-incongruity. It is argued that the positive self-congruity market should be the retailer target market. Two retailing strategies are proposed to help the retailer position his/her store to the positive self-congruity market: the passive approach and the active approach.
Prodrugs of vitamin C: the reaction of 1-acyloxyalkyl-1-iodides with vitamin C 5,6-acetonide

Abstract The reaction of 2 equiv of 1-acyloxyalkyl-1-iodides with vitamin C 5,6-acetonide gave mixtures of products that were O -alkylated on the 3-position and either O -alkylated, 7 , or O -acylated, 8 , on the 2-position. The 8 products comprised the majority of the mixtures: 56:54 to 94:6. The 3-alkylated-2-acylated prodrugs, 8 , hydrolyzed to vitamin C 5,6-acetonide chemically at pH 7.4 with half-lives of 6–12 h.
Empiricism and religious belief

We have been examining some of the problems faced by empiricism: the nature of experience, the a priori and skepticism. In this chapter, we shall turn to the application of empiricism to religious belief. As we have seen, all of the empiricists reject a priori arguments for the existence of God, such as Descartes's argument that he must exist because he is infinitely perfect and existence is a perfection. Hume's response to this is typical of empiricists. He says that “there is an evident absurdity in pretending to demonstrate a matter of fact, or to prove it by any arguments a priori ”, since “Whatever we conceive as existent, we can also conceive as non-existent” ( DNR : IX, 189). But this is not the most interesting application of empiricism to the question. The main epistemic question is whether there are empirical grounds for beliefs about God's intentions. We shall consider three arguments: (i) the argument from design, which claims to prove that the universe was created by an intelligence; (ii) the argument that we can know his intentions from religious books such as the Bible or Koran because they report miracles that can be supported by empirical evidence; and (iii) arguments from religious experience and mystical states. The first three sections will deal with design, Hume's criticisms and the effect of Darwin's theory of natural selection on the question.
The Choice of Health Policies with Heterogeneous Populations

Deciding whether to fund a given health program involves both statistical and ethical issues. Traditional statistical methods of measuring program effectiveness may give misleading results unless careful attention is paid to the question of population heterogeneity. Even within particular age and sex categories, members of a population typically differ in both their mortality rate and the extent to which they would benefit from a given medical intervention. It may or may not be possible to identify the risk factors (e. g., weight, smoking behavior) that explain these differences. If an intervention confers unequal benefit on different risk groups, it will change their mixture within the population over time. If those helped most are those at greatest risk, a "traditional assessment" will overstate intervention benefits. Greater accuracy can be achieved through a "standardized assessment, " which calculates intervention benefits separately for each distinctive risk group of the population. For example, a traditional assessment of pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine probably overstates program benefits and underestimates costs. Failure to recognize population heterogeneity also creates pitfalls in interpreting the results of clinical trials of new drugs, as illustrated by the example of sulfinpyrazone. As more sophisticated statistical methods improve our understanding of differential program benefits, they will also raise ethical problems. Use of a standardized assessment, for instance, may make it clear that it is cost-effective to give an intervention to certain groups (e.g., nonsmokers, the elderly) but not others. Considering this problem from an "original position" may reveal an ethically acceptable basis for making such decisions on the basis of efficiency. We believe that if people were unaware of which risk group they themselves would fall into, they would elect to allocate resources according to the principle of cost-effectiveness.
Analysis of Cinchona alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to the analysis of quinidine gluconate and quinidine sulfate and their dosage forms

The application of high-performance liquid chromatography to resolve the individual alkaloids present in marketed Cinchona alkaloids was investigated. Normal-phase and several reversed-phase systems were evaluated. The proposed procedure uses an alkylphenyl column; it adequately resolves quinidine, quinine, dihydroquinidine, dihydroquinine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, dihydrocinchonine and dihydrocinchonidine. Epiquinidine, epiquinine, quininone and quinitoxine are also resolved from quinidine and dihydroquinidine. This high degree of resolution enables the analysis of quinidine and its salts for their usual composition and establishes the absence of any cross-contamination or decomposition. The proposed procedure was applied to currently marketed samples of quinidine salts and their dosage forms. It was also applied to samples that were cross-contaminated or which contained decomposition products.
Proposal for Fulfilling Strategic Objectives of the U.S. Roadmap for National Action on Decision Support through a Service-oriented Architecture Leveraging HL7 Services

Despite their demonstrated effectiveness, clinical decision support (CDS) systems are not widely used within the U.S. The Roadmap for National Action on Clinical Decision Support, published in June 2006 by the American Medical Informatics Association, identifies six strategic objectives for achieving widespread adoption of effective CDS capabilities. In this manuscript, we propose a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for CDS that facilitates achievement of these six objectives. Within the proposed framework, CDS capabilities are implemented through the orchestration of independent software services whose interfaces are being standardized by Health Level 7 and the Object Management Group through their joint Healthcare Services Specification Project (HSSP). Core services within this framework include the HSSP Decision Support Service, the HSSP Common Terminology Service, and the HSSP Retrieve, Locate, and Update Service. Our experiences, and those of others, indicate that the proposed SOA approach to CDS could enable the widespread adoption of effective CDS within the U.S. health care system.
Social Cooperation and Self‐control

Social cooperation and self-control are, in common, coherent patterns of choice extended in social space and time—as opposed to a series of case-by-case choices of locally higher-valued alternatives. Patterns of social cooperation and self-control may evolve (in the face of locally higher-valued alternatives) by pattern selection, a process in behavioral evolution (i.e., learning) corresponding to multilevel selection in biological evolution. Individual tendencies toward social cooperation (or altruism) and self-control may be measured by social and delay discount functions, which take the same (hyperbolic) form in the two cases. (An Appendix discusses the use of hypothetical rewards in behavioral economic research.) Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.