cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corn Silage Management: Effects of Hybrid, Maturity, Chop Length, and Mechanical Processing on Rate and Extent of Digestion

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of hybrid, chop length, maturity, and mechanical processing of corn silage on dry matter and nutrient disappearance in the rumen. Corn silage that had not been dried or ground was incubated in macro in situ bags (30 x 35 cm) for 8, 16, 24,48, and 96 h. Experiments la and 2 evaluated the effects of maturity and mechanical processing for two corn silage hybrids harvested at two theoretical lengths-of-cut. Experiments 3 through 5 evaluated the effects of chop length and mechanical processing for two corn silage hybrids harvested at two-thirds milkline. The hybrid with low neutral fiber (NDF) concentrations had greater dry matter and starch disappearance than the hybrid with high NDF concentrations. The effect of chop length on nutrient disappearance was variable across experiments 3 through 5. Processing improved dry matter disappearance in experiments la, 2 (two-thirds milkline and blackline), 3, 4, and 5 at the majority of ruminal incubation timepoints. Starch disappearance was greater for unprocessed corn silage in experiment la (hard dough and two-thirds milkline) and was greater for processed corn silage in experiments 2 and 5. However, there was no consistent trend in starch disappearance between processed and unprocessed corn silage in experiments 3 and 4. This can be partially explained by the high disappearance of starch (experiment 3, > or = 98% and experiment 4, > or = 94%) by 24 h of ruminal incubation. Minimal differences were detected in NDF disappearance between processed and unprocessed corn silage across maturities. In experiments 2 and 5, crude protein disappearance was improved due to processing at some incubation timepoints. Rate of dry matter, starch (one-third milkline and two-thirds milkline), and NDF disappearance tended to increase when corn silage was mechanically processed in experiment 2. Dry matter, starch, and crude protein disappearance tended to be greater for corn silage harvested at the early maturity (one-third milkline) in experiment 2 compared with advanced maturities (two-thirds milkline and blackline). Disappearance of NDF was greater at early maturities compared with advanced maturities in experiments 1a and 2. Rate of dry matter (hybrid 3845), starch, and NDF (hybrid 3845) disappearance tended to decrease as maturity advanced from one-third milkline to blackline in experiment 2. These results suggest that the macro in situ method can be used to evaluate nutrient disappearance in the rumen.
Studies on the toxic effects of dissolved aluminum on plant growth alligator grass (alternthera philaxeroides). the modifying effects of pH, Humic substances and small quantities of cations (Ca, Mg, Fe)

Abstract A study was carried out to understand the role of acid and aluminum on the destruction of plant roots. The detoxification effects of calcium (e.g. from liming), plant extracts, magnesium, and iron were also studied. Alligator grass (alternthera philaxeroides) was used for the study because of its availability and adaptation to laboratory conditions. Healthy stems from this plant were placed in deionized water at acidities varying between pH 3 and pH 8 to find the effects of acid alone. Another set was placed in solution containing varying concentrations of aluminum at acidities between pH 3 to pH 8. The third set contained 10 ppm aluminum and leaf extracts obtained by soaking dry leaves in deionized water for a month. The solutions were maintained at pH 4.5 and pH S.O. In a fourth set, magnesium and iron were added to the solution. The results obtained showed the plant roots developed between pH 4 and pH 8. At pH 3 no roots developed and plants died quickly. Between pH 5 and pH 8 plants could wit...
Perspectives on North American women

Arrom, Silvia Marina. The Women of Mexico City, 1790–1857. Stanford University Press, 1985. xii + 384 pp. including photographs, appendices, bibliography, and index. $42.50 cloth. Bataille, Gretchen M., and Kathleen Mullen Sands. American Indian Women: Telling Their Lives. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1984. ix + 209 pp. including bibliography and index. $18.95 cloth.
Entamoeba histolytica encodes a highly divergent β-tubulin

The microtubules of the amitochondrial parasite Entamoeba histolytica are atypical in certain respects. Consistent with this, we report that E. histolytica encodes the most divergent β-tubulin identified to date, with only 54% to 58% identity to β-tubulins from various species. A similarly divergent β-tubulin is encoded by the related Entamoeba invadens ; single gene copies appear to be present in both organisms. The Entamoeba sequences were compared with a database of 101 β-tubulins, including the highly divergent sequence from another amitochondrial protozoan, Trichomonas vaginalis. A total of 81 residues were universally conserved, and 76 residues varied only once. Correlations with previous studies indicate that microtubule function is altered when most, but not all, conserved residues are mutated.
Analysis of penetration and mixing of gas jets in supersonic cross flow

The JETPEN analysis for gas jets in a supersonic cross flow developed earlier at APL/JHU has been extended in several important ways. First, the treatment of cases with injection at angles other than 90 deg has been redone. Next, the second of the three regions formerly treated has been eliminated. Third, the region downstream of the Mach disk for underexpanded cases has been reformulated such that turbulent entrainment of main stream fluid into the plume is modeled, and the equations of motion are solved marching downstream. These changes now permit prediction of the variation in composition, mixing area growth and all other flow variables along the plume. The analysis has been verified by comparison of predictions and experiment over a wide range of conditions. The result is an analysis capable of reliable predictions of the major flowfield variables that can be run on a PC.
A predictor-corrector contouring algorithm for isoparametric 3D elements

This paper describes a new contouring algorithm for isoparametric elements which can be used to map three-dimensional scalar fields. The contours are generated on arbitrary planes intersecting finite element structures. Tracing element contour lines is accomplished by an accurate predictor-corrector technique. A method of finding starting points for the algorithm on the boundary of the elements is also given.
An error threshold criterion for singular value decomposition modes extracted from PIV data

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is often used as a tool to analyze particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. However, experimental error tends to corrupt higher SVD modes, in which the root mean square velocity value is smaller than the experimental error. Therefore, we sug- gest that the threshold criterion, sk ( ffiffiffiffiffiffiffi DT p �; can be used as a rough limit of the validity of SVD modes extracted from experimental data (where sk is the singular value of mode k, D and T are the number of data sites and time steps, respectively, andis the root mean square PIV error). By synthesizing the relationship between the general SVD procedure and its two special cases—biorthogonal decomposition (BOD) and proper orthogonal decomposi- tion (POD)—we show that our criterion can be used to assess modes extracted by either BOD or POD. We apply our threshold criterion to PIV data of the wake behind a live swimming Giant Danio (Danio aequipinnatus). The biorthogonal decomposition of the fish wake, which is a reverse-Karman street, reveals that the first four modes are similar to the modes of a regular Karman street created in the wake of a stationary cylinder and that higher modes are corrupted by experimental error.
The description of molecular structure.

With the kind permission of the chair, I dedicate this lecture to the memory of my father, Leland W. Parr, who died in December of 1973. For many years Dr. Parr was Professor of Bacteriology and Public Health at George Washington University Medical School, here in Washington. He was an accomplished research scientist and a dedicated and effective teacher. And he spent hundreds of hours in the committee rooms of the National Research Council and of the National Institutes of Health, in the service of his fellow scientists.
Young's interference experiment with light scattered from two atoms.

We report the first observation of interference effects in the light scattered from two trapped atoms. The visibility of the fringes can be explained in the framework of Bragg scattering by a harmonic crystal and simple ``which path'' considerations of the scattered photons. If the light scattered by the atoms is detected in a polarization-sensitive way, then it is possible to selectively demonstrate either the particle nature or the wave nature of the scattered light.
Properties of detergent-solubilized adenylate cyclase and gonadotropin receptors of testis and ovary.

The relationship between solubilized hormone-binding sites and adenylate cyclase was examined in detergent extracts of particulate testis and ovarian fractions. Both basal and fluoride-stimulated activities of the particulate enzyme were markedly increased in the presence of detergents, and about 60% of the enzyme activity was recovered as the soluble form in the 300,000 g supernatant. Enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity was more marked with Lubrol PX and WX than with Triton X-100, and the highest recovery and activation of adenylate cyclase were obtained with 0.5% Lubrol PX. The particulate and solubilized testicular enzymes were more active in the presence of Mn2+, and the detergent-extracted soluble ovarian cyclase showed a small and inconstant response to gonadotropin. Fractionation of Lubrol-solubilized testis and ovarian preparations on Sepharose 6B showed two peaks of free gonadotropin receptors. The binding activity eluted with Kav of 0.32 corresponded to the receptor sites previously characterized in detergent-solubilized gonadal particles, and was coincident with the elution profile of adenylate cyclase activity. An additional peak of binding activity with Kav of 0.56 was not accompanied by detectable adenylate cyclase activity. These observations suggest that the peak of larger molecular size could represent a gonadotropin receptor-cyclase complex, while the cyclase-free second peak could represent dissociated receptors or binding sites which were not coupled to adenylate cyclase.
A TUNABLE TORSIONAL VIBRATION ABSORBER: THE CENTRIFUGAL DELAYED RESONATOR

Abstract A novel active vibration absorption device, the Centrifugal Delayed Resonator (CDR), is presented as an efficient way of eliminating undesired torsional oscillations in rotating mechanical structures. A damped centrifugal pendulum device is forced to mimic an ideal real-time tunable absorber utilizing a control torque in the form of proportional angular position feedback with variable gain and time delay. Strengths of the technique consists of total vibration suppression in the primary structure against harmonic torque excitation, full effectiveness of the absorber against time-varying frequency, very wide range of operating frequencies, complete decoupling of the feedback control from the structural and dynamic properties of the primary structure, extremely simple implementation of the control scheme, and fault-tolerant performance in the case of control failure.
The in-situ dielectric constant of polar firn revisited

Abstract The success in using VHF and UHF frequency systems for sounding polar ice sheets has been tempered by an uncertainty in the in-situ dielectric constant which controls the effective velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in an air-ice mixture. An empirical equation for determining the relative real dielectric constant ϵ′r vs. density (specific gravity ϱ) of firn or ice was proposed in 1969 by Robin et al. where ϵ′r = (1 + 0.851 ϱ)2. However, this expression has met with uncertainty because wide-angle radar refraction sounding techniques have produced dielectric constant values that are lower than Robin's equation predicts. This paper discusses radar soundings made on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and compares the resulting dielectric constant determinations with Robin's equation, laboratory measurements on firn and ice and other expressions given in the literature for determining ϵ′r vs. the specific gravity of dry firn and ice. Our findings indicate that the form of Robin's equation is valid. Our analysis also indicates the expression could be slightly improved to read ϵ′r = (1+0.845ϱ)2. Reasons are suggested as to why previous wide-angle radar sounding studies did not reproduce Robin's findings.
An Econometric Analysis of the Demand for Textile Fibers

Dynamic demand equations for seven textile fibers were estimated (1920–1966) and simulated (1967–1970). Fiber demand has been price inelastic, helping to explain observed instability in fiber prices, where competitively, determined and the interest in price-support schemes. Significant (and dominant in cotton's case) substitution relationships existed between synthetic and other fibers.
X-ray diffraction analysis of human enamel containing different amounts of fluoride.

Abstract X-ray diffraction studies were conducted on a series of enamel samples from areas with different amounts of fluoride in the drinking water. There appears to be a relationship between the fluoride content of enamel and duration of exposure. The degree of association between fluoride and diffraction profile breadth was r = − 0.9 for the (002) set of planes. The (211), (300) and (202) also showed an inverse relationship. Size calculations relate the change which could be expected if strain is considered a negligible factor in broadening the diffraction profile.
Atomoxetine Enhances a Short-Term Model of Plasticity in Humans

Abstract Foster DJ, Good DC, Fowlkes A, Sawaki L. Atomoxetine enhances a short-term model of plasticity in humans. Objective To evaluate the role of 2 noradrenergic drugs in modulating use-dependent plasticity in humans. Design Double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled crossover design. Setting A laboratory in a hospital. Participants A convenience sample of 10 healthy subjects. Intervention An established paradigm that measures motor memory as a short-term model of use-dependent plasticity. Subjects attended 3 sessions, separated by at least 1 week to allow drug washout. Subjects received atomoxetine (Strattera), venlafaxine (Effexor), or placebo. Main Outcome Measure Increase in the proportion of movements into the training target zone (TTZ), an indicator of enhanced plasticity. Results Atomoxetine, but not venlafaxine, significantly increased movements into the TTZ. Conclusions These results support a role for norepinephrine in enhancing cortical plasticity and suggest potential benefits in using these drugs for improving motor recovery after stroke.
Eyewitness Identification: Victims versus Bystanders

The present study compared the eyewitness performance of crime victims and bystanders. Fifteen pairs of subjects participated in what they thought to be a risk-taking experiment that involved betting on the outcomes of a competitive game. In each session, the contest was interrupted when a confederate entered the room and stole the game money from one of the subjects while the other subject, seated across the table, watched. Whereas eight bystanders subsequently recognized the thief from a seven-picture photospread, not a single victim made an accurate identification (p < .001). On physical descriptions of the confederate, a witness sex × role interaction (p < .05) revealed that this victim-bystander effect held for female but not male subjects. Both arousal-based and attentional explanations of these data are considered. The findings are also discussed for their obvious practical implications for eyewitness testimony evidence.
329 Limited English Proficiency and Acute Health Care Utilization Among Patients With CKD

LIMITED ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AND ACUTE HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH CKD Delphine Tuot, Laura Plantinga, Vanessa Grubbs, and Neil Powe Center for Vulnerable Populations, San Francisco General Hospital, and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Language barriers are associated with decreased access to health care. Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) may hesitate to access services due to anticipated communication difficulties. We examined the effect of LEP on acute health care utilization among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the impact of LEP status on rates of hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits among a cohort of 2249 adult (>20 years) patients with CKD and at least two primary care visits within the San Francisco Department of Public Health Community Health Network (a network of >30 public health clinics) between 2005 and 2010. LEP was defined by preferentially speaking a non-English language. CKD was defined by average estimated glomerular filtrate rate <60 ml/ min/1.73m on two or more creatinine measurements ≥3 months apart. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated with negative binomial regression, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and co-morbid conditions. Nearly a third of the cohort (32%) had LEP; 11% spoke Spanish and 13% spoke Chinese (Cantonese or Mandarin). LEP patients had higher rates of hospital admission than English-speaking patients [IRR=1.2, (95%CI, 1.0-1.4)]. This association was similar among Chinese speakers [1.3 (1.0, 1.8)] but not statistically significant among Spanish speakers [1.0 (0.78, 1.4)], relative to English speakers. LEP patients had lower rates of ED visits than English-speaking patients [0.82, (0.67, 1.0)]. This association was similar among Chinese [0.7 (0.5, 0.99)] and Spanish [0.77 (0.55, 1.1)] speakers. Among patients with CKD within a safety net system, LEP was associated with lower ED visit rates but higher hospital admission rates. LEP patients -particularly those speaking languages uncommon among providers— may anticipate communication barriers, thus delaying ED presentations and increasing likelihood of hospital admission.
miR-208A Targeted Suppression of PDE4D Directly Enhances Myocyte Contractile Function via PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN

Molecular inotropy refers to cardiac myocyte contractile status that can be titrated, positively or negatively, to affect overall heart pump performance. Although inotropic drugs have been in clinical practice for many decades, there is an urgent need to discover new inotropes with unique mechanisms of action for the treatment of heart failure. Here, we investigate the prospect of micro-RNAs to directly modify downstream inotropic signaling pathways for improving contractile function. We focused on miR-208a owing in part to its known restricted expression profile in the myocardium. Results show that acute miR-208a expression, at 4-5 fold over endogenous miR-208a and independent of altered host myosin gene expression, confers significant positive inotropy and faster relaxation compared to miR-208a-mutant and untreated control adult cardiac myocytes (P<0.05). Using in vitro cardiac stress testing, miR-208a amplified the inotropic and relaxation responses to increased stimulation frequency. MiR-208a also promoted fast calcium transient decay with no change in peak calcium accounting in part for enhanced relaxation. To gain insight into mechanism, we analyzed in silico putative miR-208a targets, focusing on potential inotropic signaling targets. Interestingly, we provide evidence that miR-208a has a direct effect to negatively regulate expression of PDE4D, but does not affect PDE5A in myocytes. Consistent with these findings, phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN at PKA sites was increased in myocytes after acute miR-208a expression. Taken together, we show for the first time that miR-208a confers positive inotropy and enhances relaxation in myocytes by PKA mediated phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN through a mechanism of direct suppression of PDE4D. Because heart failure is associated with decreased phosphorylation of cTnI and PLN, miR-208a may represent a new therapeutic modality for enhancing ventricular myocyte performance via the PDE4D-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
Human Assets and Management Dilemmas: Coping With Hazards On the Road to Resource-Based Theory

Resource-based theorists argue that human assets can be a source of sustainable advantage because tacit knowledge and social complexity are hard to imitate. However, these desirable attributes cause dilemmas that may prevent firms from generating an advantage. This article develops a framework for analyzing and coping with these challenges. Although the problem arises from the strategy literature, the solutions are drawn from the organizational behavior, human resource management, human capital, and professions literatures. Finally, I examine implications for how insights from these diverse literatures can be integrated to guide future strategy research.
60Co gamma and negative pi meson irradiation of microvasculature.

Abstract Neovascularization was induced surgically in normally avascular canine corneas to study the radioresponse of slowly proliferating capillary endothelial cells. Neovascularization was stimulated for 7 days. Corneal tissue samples were evaluated quantitatively by morphometric methods. Dose-response curves were drawn by plotting per cent capillary volumes versus dose. Irradiation was given with either 60 Co γ-rays or 168 MeV/c negative pi mesons. The dose rate for pi mesons was about 30 rad/min. The D 0 was 265 rad for γ-rays and 155 rad for pions. The ratio of D 0 values gave a relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) of 1.7. Using 60 Co as a standard, an RBE of 1.6 was calculated at the 1% capillary volume level.
MOSAICISM OF SKIN 1,25 DIHYDROXYVITAM1N D 3 , (1,25) RECEPTORS IN THE ADULT AND NEONATAL SHEEPT INCREASED RECEPTOR DENSITY IN WOOLY SKIN

MOSAICISM OF SKIN 1,25 DIHYDROXYVITAM1N D 3 , (1,25) RECEPTORS IN THE ADULT AND NEONATAL SHEEPT INCREASED RECEPTOR DENSITY IN WOOLY SKIN
Extended abstract Petri nets: A constraint-based model of computation

Abstract The aim of this paper is to introduce extended Petri nets (defined as Abstract Petri nets) as a declarative and constraint-based model of computation for providing a design solution for knowledge-based control problems. The control structure of an algorithm can be expressed in an Abstract Petri net-based model. Further, the approach offers flexibility which can be applied in modelling a number of areas of applicability to the overall system during the design phase. The Abstract Petri net-based model (which is based on a relational approach to programming) for constraint programming language systems is structured, and verifiable, and offers high-level interaction and a user-friendly environment to designers/programmers. These concepts and the features of APNs are explained with the help of a suitable example of knowledge-based problems.
Carbon nanotubes grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

Carbon nanotubes have been grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with the presence of Ni catalyst. Some nanotubes show thinner bases compared with their heads. The influence of initial Ni layer thickness as well as growth temperature on the nanotubes formation is studied. The growth of carbon nanotubes heavily depends on the size of the metal droplets and growth temperature. Raman spectra show graphite and glassy carbon structure for too thick and too thin initial Ni layer films, respectively.
Adam Smith's Critique of International Trading Companies Theorizing “Globalization” in the Age of Enlightenment

The interpretive strategy of this article is to identify the joint stock company as an independent unit of analysis in Adam Smith's theory of international political economy. Such companies, in Smith's view, had corrupted and captured many European and non-European governments and undermined their societies' ability to engage in peaceful transnational affairs and equitable self-rule. In contrast with Smith's well-known concerns about the rise of commerce in modern Europe in his four-stage account of social development— which were outweighed, in his view, by the many material benefits and personal liberties brought about by the eclipse of feudalism—his narrative of globalization offers a trenchantly critical appraisal of commercial practices that ultimately undermine many of the gains that the initial rise of modern commerce once made possible. Even in his rare moments of optimism about the future of global relations, Smith remained deeply ambivalent about globalization.
Relativistic Corrections to the Impulse Approximation in Elastic Electron-Deuteron Scattering

Equations are derived for the deuteron form factor in the impulse approximation which include corrections to order ${M}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where $M$ is the nucleon mass. The corrections are of two types, arising from (1) the expansion of the nucleon current to order ${M}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and (2) the treatment of the deuteron wave function in a relativistic manner so as to retain terms of order ${M}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ which describe the distortion of the wave function of a moving deuteron. While some of the former corrections have been discussed by several people, detailed results for the latter corrections have not been given before. All of the results are expressed as functionals of the non-relativistic $S$- and $D$-state wave functions, so that numerical results may be calculated for any deuteron model. Numerical estimates of the charge correction term indicate that it is large enough to substantially affect the determination of the neutron-charge form factor from this experiment, making the form factor more positive than results obtained from the uncorrected theory. Corrections to the magnetic moment are also discussed.
Long-term stable balanced optical-microwave phase detector with sub-femtosecond residual timing jitter capability for optical-to-RF extraction

Balanced optical-microwave phase detectors (BOMPD) based on fiber Sagnac interferometers and single-ended heterodyne detection are capable of optical-to-RF conversion with sub-femtosecond residual timing jitter. By increasing the BOMPD phase sensitivity and reducing its internal noise down to the thermal noise limit, we achieve an integrated noise floor in the sub-fs regime. Second, we demonstrate long-term stable optical-RF conversion by phase-locking an RF oscillator to a mode-locked laser using a BOMPD with <;1 fs RMS drift and <;7 fs pk-pk for over 10 hours.
An improved technique for bite mark impressions

This article demonstrates a technique for making a custom tray over a bite mark and making an accurate impression of the mark. This technique is cleaner and easier than previously published methods, and causes no undue thermal trauma to living patients.
Understanding Protein & RNA Biophysics in Cells

I will discuss the successes and challenges of understanding the properties of proteins and RNA in cells and under crowded conditions in vitro. For proteins, weak nonspecific interactions can overcome the stabilizing excluded volume effect. For RNA, our recent work using in-cell SHAPE (Selective 2′-Hydroxyl Acylation analyzed by Primer Extension) chemistry shows that the intracellular environment has a large effect on flexibility and structure of the adenine riboswitch.
Vaporization behavior of V3P(s)

Abstract The vaporization behavior of V3P has been studied by mass-loss effusion in the temperature range 1830–1900 K. The vaporization is kinetically inhibited, and vaporization under grossly non-equilibrium conditions is congruent. As equilibrium is approached, the vaporization becomes incongruent with phosphorus being lost preferentially. Data from runs which are at equilibrium yield a standard enthalpy of formation ΔHf,298.15o = − 49.7 ± 1.0 kcal mol − 1 for V3P(s).
Small-world and Scale-free Features in Harry Potter

Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels which has got a huge success. To explore the reasons of so successful of the novel behind, we analyzed the characters network in Harry Potter from the perspective of complex networks. Studies show that the characters network in Harry Potter has got the small-world effect and scale-free feature. It is a typical complex network. The success of novel Harry Potter is precisely due to the complex properties of it, and this may give some guidance for novel writers when preparing their works.
More on the Chicago tradition

Offers a response to David Laidler’s article “More on Hawtrey, Harvard and Chicago”, in this issue. Asserts that the unique Chicagoan quantity‐theory of the early 1930s embodied a policy framework which left it immune from the Keynesian revolution and contained important linkages with Friedman’s views in its business‐cycle analysis and policy positions. Claims that this tradition explains why Chicago (and not Harvard) originated the monetarist counter‐revolution.
On the Quenching of Rovibrationally Excited Molecular Oxygen at Ultracold Temperatures

We report quantum mechanical scattering calculations of zero temperature quenching rate coefficients for vibrationally and rotationally excited O2 in collisions with 3He. It is found that vibration...
Reduction of the Response to Sex Pheromone in the Oriental Fruit Moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Following Successive Pheromonal Exposures

The effects of prior pheromonal experience upon the pheromone- mediated upwind flight response was examined in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Adult male G. molestawere subjected to a parallel series of staggered and repeated pheromonal exposures in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Levels of response to pheromone in male G. molestasignificantly decreased in a (a) rectilinear function with increased ages of individuals, (b) logarithmic function of successive trials, and (c) steeper logarithmic function of successive trials with increased dosage of sex pheromone. The baseline levels of responding were not affected by either the (a) dosage of sex pheromone, (b) posteclosion ages of individuals for their initial exposures once the main effect of age itself was estimated, (c) elapsed time in hours between trials, or (d) discrete days of testing as integral intervals, disregarding hours within days.
A focusing gas scintillation proportional counter

An improved large-area gas scintillation proportional counter has been built, suitable for use in X-ray astronomy. This counter employs electron focusing in a drift region to achieve uniform response. It is shown that a window area of 60 sq cm and a spectral resolution of 10% fwhm or better at 5.9 keV can be obtained.
Effects of nickel-oxide nanoparticle pre-exposure dispersion status on bioactivity in the mouse lung.

AbstractNanotechnology is emerging as one of the world's most promising new technologies. From a toxicology perspective, nanoparticles possess two features that promote their bioactivity. The first involves physical–chemical characteristics of the nanoparticle, which include the surface area of the nanoparticle. The second feature is the ability of the nanoparticle to traverse cell membranes. These two important nanoparticle characteristics are greatly influenced by placing nanoparticles in liquid medium prior to animal exposure. Nanoparticles tend to agglomerate and clump in suspension, making it difficult to reproducibly deliver them for in vivo or in vitro experiments, possibly affecting experimental variability. Thus, we hypothesize that nanoparticle dispersion status will correlate with the in vivo bioactivity/toxicity of the particle. To test our hypothesis, nano-sized nickel oxide was suspended in four different dispersion media (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), dispersion medium (DM), a combinatio...
Regulation of Proglucagon Transcription by Activated Transcription Factor (ATF) 3 and a Novel Isoform, ATF3b, through the cAMP-response Element/ATF Site of the Proglucagon Gene Promoter *

Glucagon, the second major glucose-regulated hormone in the control of glucose homeostasis, functions as a counter-regulator to insulin and is specifically produced by the pancreatic α cells. Its excessive biosynthesis and secretion is associated with diabetes mellitus. The expression of the proglucagon gene has been demonstrated to be regulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway through cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and possibly other transcription factors bound to its cAMP-response element (CRE)/activated transcription factor (ATF) site. Elsewhere we have shown that ATF3, a member of the ATF/CREB subfamily of the basic leucine zipper domain proteins, is expressed predominantly in the α cells of the pancreatic islets. In our attempts to further dissect the role of ATF3 proteins in α cells, we have identified and characterized a novel alternatively spliced form, ATF3b, and have compared the specific binding ability of ATF3 and ATF3b on the CRE/ATF motif of the proglucagon promoter. Our findings indicate the existence of a novel mechanism by which the transcription of the proglucagon gene is regulated in response to cAMP signals, in addition to CREB and in relation to glucose fluctuations in pancreatic α cells.
Discriminative Features and Classification Methods for Accurate Classification

Automated classification and tracking approaches suffer from the high-dimensionality of the data and information space, which frequently rely upon both discriminative feature selection and efficient, accurate supervised classification strategies. Feature selection strategies have the benefit of representing the data in a modified reduced space to improve the efficacy of data mining, machine learning, and computer vision approaches. We have developed feature-selection methods involving feature ranking and assimilation to discover reduced feature sets that produce accurate results in classification for automated classifiers with significant specificity and sensitivity. We have tested a wide range of spatial, texture, and wavelet-based feature sets for electro-optical (EO) aerial imagery and infrared (IR) land-based image sequences on several machine-learning algorithms for classification for performance evaluation and comparison. A detailed experimental evaluation is provided for the classification efficacy of the features and classifiers on the particular data sets, and is accompanied by a discussion of the particular success or failure. In the second section, we detail our novel feature set that combines moment and edge descriptors and produces high, robust accuracy when evaluated for classification. Our method leverages information previously calculated in the detection stage, which includes wavelet decomposition and texture statistics. We demonstrate the results of our feature set implementation and discuss methods for creating classifier decision rules to choose a particular classification algorithm dependent on certain operating conditions or data types adaptively.
Successive cases of an entrapped arterial catheter guidewire in separate patients on the same day.

To the Editor,We share our recent experiences with the ArrowInternational radial artery catheterization set (Ref RA-04020, Reading, PA, USA). After general anesthesia wasinduced and our patient’s left radial artery was positionedand prepared, we introduced the Arrow catheter set into thesite. Bright red blood was observed in the back ﬂow tubethat houses the guidewire. The guidewire was thenadvanced approximately 1 cm before gentle resistance wasfelt. Attempts at withdrawing the guidewire back into thecatheter set were also met with resistance. Several addi-tional attempts were made at withdrawal using slighttraction and twisting on the guidewire, but without success.The Teﬂon outer catheter, guidewire, and introducerneedle were then withdrawn together as a unit; however,the guidewire uncoiled, remained secure within the tissues,and could not be removed despite attempts to pull it out.An immediate intraoperative x-ray (Figure) was performed,which showed the intact uncoiled guidewire kinked withinthe tissues. A vascular surgical consult was requested, andafter consultation, a surgical cut-down was performed toretrieve the guidewire that was imbedded 1 cm within thesubcutaneous tissues, but not within the artery. The sitewas closed with two sutures and then the original surgicalprocedure was completed as planned without incident.Coincidently, another incident involving an entrappedguidewire occurred on this same day with another similarArrow catheter kit. In this case, the introducer needleentered the patient’s radial artery, but partial advancementof the guidewire was met with resistance. When with-drawal of the guidewire was met with resistance, the entireapparatus was removed without further guidewire reposi-tioning. This time the catheterization set was removedintact without difﬁculty.There have been many accounts describing the risk ofguidewire entrapment, uncoiling, and fragmentation,
Expanding Entrepreneurial Cognition's Toolbox: Potential Contributions from the Field of Cognitive Science

Several measures and methods developed by the field of cognitive science may prove useful to researchers investigating various aspects of entrepreneurial cognition. These techniques include ones th...
The preparation of thin ordered transition metal oxide films on metal single crystals for surface science studies

Abstract In this paper the preparation, characterization and properties of metal oxide overlayers on dissimilar metal substrates is reviewed. It is shown that using a general recipe metal oxide surfaces can be produced, which are easily accessible with modern surface science techniques. Many different stoichiometries and structures of the oxides can be prepared by variation of the preparation conditions, that do or do not have a counterpart in bulk oxide surfaces. In addition information about the metal oxide surfaces is obtained without experimental problems such as sample mounting, sample heating and sample purity.
Hypochlorhydria from short-term omeprazole treatment does not inhibit intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium or zinc from food in humans.

Low gastric pH is generally believed to be an important factor in intestinal mineral absorption. Thus, hypochlorhydria could be an important risk factor for mineral malabsorption and the development of marginal mineral status. We studied whether the hypochlorhydria associated with treatment with the anti-ulcer medication omeprazole, a potent gastric proton pump inhibition, would affect intestinal calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or zinc absorption from food.Thirteen normal, healthy adults were assigned to either a control group (n = 5) receiving no drug treatment or an omeprazole treatment group (n = 8) to produce increased gastric pH. Omeprazole treatment of normal volunteers resulted in a significant change in postprandial gastric pH (pH 6.4 +/− 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/− 0.5 in control subjects, p < 0.01) and baseline fasting pH (pH 5.8 +/− 0.5 vs. pH 1.8 +/− 0.3 in controls, p < 0.01) after an overnight fast. Net mineral absorption from a standard test meal was measured using a whole gut lavage technique. Mineral...
Students in Uniform: ROTC, the Citizen-Soldier, and the Civil-Military Gap

On many campuses, the sight of a student in a military uniform is common. On other campuses, the military is a distant institution with few visible affiliations. Why are some students in uniform, what are they doing, what are the costs and benefits to the individual, and what are the implications for the nation? This article will discuss these questions, along with a brief history of the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program and its relationship to the often-discussed civil-military gap.
The excitable cerebral cortex Fritsch G, Hitzig E. Uber die elektrische Erregbarkeit des Grosshirns. Arch Anat Physiol Wissen 1870;37:300-32.

Clinical medicine today, regardless of the chosen discipline, relies on the judicious interpretation and application of a series of ‘‘known facts.” Based on the patient’s clinical signs and symptoms, combined with diagnostic test results, the physician generates a hypothesis as to the underlying disease process. On the basis of the underlying pathophysiology of the illness and the mechanisms by which various treatment options modify the disease process, a treatment regimen is chosen. No matter how skilled a physician may be, if the underlying facts on which a diagnosis or treatment is based are incorrect, the entire process is fundamentally flawed and is doomed to failure. In The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin aptly discussed the danger of ‘‘facts”:
Expanding Academic and Career Self‐Efficacy: A Family Systems Framework

This article presents 2 theories useful to school counselors: self-efficacy and family systems. The author advocates the use of a family-sensitive model when counseling individuals that recognizes and respects the individual's membership in a family culture. Self-efficacy and family systems interventions for academic and career development are demonstrated in the hope that individual identities in relation to family identities will be strengthened so that youth can access family legacies as they consider their academic and career options.
Concentration-dependence of solvent diffusion in a colloidal suspension

Abstract We have used the large-pulsed-gradient NMR method supplemented by NMR relaxation to study the diffusivity D of water and cosolvent in a commercial poly(vinyl acetate)—water emulsion (Elmer's Glue-All, Borden, Inc.), in samples with volatiles concentrations c between (water added) 100 and (drying) 5 wt%, in concentration equilibrium attained over several months. At high c , D ( c ) has the mild variation characteristic of obstruction by particles, while below c = 30% D drops by almost two orders of magnitude and cosolvent diffusion begins to dominate as water depletes. Diffusion becomes unmeasurable with this method near c = 6%, where the adhesive is translucent and rigid. We interpret the sharp drop in D ( c ) in terms of a topological transition between water-based emulsion and PV A-based porous but nearly impermeable solid. An elaboration of the Maxwell-Fricke model quantitatively accounts for the full c -dependence of D .
“There Ain't No Accounting for What Folks See in Their Own Mirrors”: Considering Colorism Within a Sharon Flake Narrative

This article describes a study of both textual and reader response analyses of The Skin I'm In by Sharon Flake. Because gender and race constitute central themes in the narrative, Black feminist thought and feminism undergirded the textual critique. Critics' reviews, scholarly articles, and published author interviews also supported the textual analysis. Data were triangulated with excerpts from female student responses to the text and, specifically, their interpretations of the metanarrative of colorism. Reader interpretations occurred during an after-school book club with middle grade African American students. Findings revealed three ways in which readers identified with the story. These led to a discussion about whether and how the study's findings reflect current conversations in the literacy field about using stories pedagogically to examine and disrupt race- and gender-based inequities.
Mindfulness Interventions with Youth: A Meta-Analysis

Mindfulness meditation is a well-validated intervention for symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders in adults, with meta-analyses showing moderate effect sizes. This study marks the first published meta-analysis of the burgeoning literature on mindfulness meditation with youth (conducted between 2004 and 2011) and identifies specific outcomes and sub-populations for whom mindfulness may be particularly helpful. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles published in English, study participants under 18 years of age, and a description in the methods section of mindfulness as the chief component of an intervention. A systematic search was conducted, of which upon review, 20 articles met inclusion criteria. Mindfulness interventions with youth overall were found to be helpful and not to carry iatrogenic harm, with the primary omnibus effect size (del) in the small to moderate range (0.23, p < .0001), indicating the superiority of mindfulness treatments over active control comparison conditions. A significantly larger effect size was found on psychological symptoms compared to other dependent variable types (0.37 vs. 0.21, p = .028), and for studies drawn from clinical samples compared to non-clinical sample (0.50 vs. 0.20, p = .024). Mindfulness appears to be a promising intervention modality for youth. Although to date the majority of studies on mindfulness with youth engage generally healthy participants recruited from schools, the findings of this meta-analysis suggest that future research might focus on youth in clinical settings and target symptoms of psychopathology.
Foreign Policy, Rationality and Morality

To determine the relevance of judgments of rationality and of morality in foreign policy decisions, it is necessary to provide a value-neutral definition of “the national interest.” This makes it possible to ascertain, in principle, whether a given governmental foreign policy decision is rational with respect to this goal, in turn a necessary means to any government’s ultimate purposes. While it is pointless to judge the pursuit of the national interest itself morally right or wrong, moral judgments are relevant to policies and goals compatible with the national interest. However, moral principles are often invoked to justify the pursuit of this intermediate goal.
Evaluation of rocket plume signature uncertainties

A method is developed with which to evaluate the uncertainty in predictions of the infrared signature of metalized fuel, solid-propellant rocket plumes. The method consists of 1) identifying parameters that represent the major sources of uncertainty, 2) evaluating the infrared signature as each parameter is varied about its nominal value, 3) determining the uncertainty interval of each parameter and 4) root sum squaring the uncertainties to obtain the uncertainty factor for the infrared signature. Uncertainties in the index of refraction, particle size, temperature and number density, gas mole fraction temperature, plume pressure and radius, and A12O3 melting temperature, are considered. These uncertainties are combined to yield an overall uncertainty in the plume infrared emission and a relative ranking of the importance of each uncertainty parameter. Numerical results are generated using the standardized infrared radiation model (SIRRM) code for a solid-propellant tactical rocket plume. The most important parameters in the tactical rocket signature uncertainty are 1) A12O3 particle temperature, the real part of the refractive index and plume radius at 90 deg aspect angle and 2) the real part of the Al2O3 particle refractive index, the A12O3 particle temperature and size, and plume size at a nose-on aspect angle.
Recurrent neural networks for radar target identication

A real-time recurrent learning algorithm was applied to a five class radar target identification problem. Wideband radar signatures were generated for five aircraft classes. Since an aircraft in flight is constantly in motion, a radar can measure sequences of radar signatures as the aspect angle changes. A radar can also generate aspect angle estimates by using kinematic information from aircraft position and velocity measurements. A recurrent neural network computer program (implementing a real time recurrent learning algorithm) was trained to recognize these sequences of radar signatures. Each radar signature was described by 6 external input features: the estimated target azimuth, the estimated target width, and 4 noisy amplitude values from 2 peak range bins. Nine consecutive radar signatures were sufficient to achieve a test set accuracy of 96%.