cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections by cell culture and two enzyme immunoassays detecting different chlamydial antigens.

The enzyme-amplified immunoassay IDEIA (CellTech Diagnostics), which measures lipopolysaccharide antigen, and Chlamydiazyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill.), which measures several antigenic components of Chlamydia trachomatis, were compared for specimens from urethral swabs from 235 men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (culture prevalence of 14.9%) and 458 endocervical swabs from women attending planned parenthood and obstetrics-gynecology clinics (culture prevalences of 5.9 and 7.7%, respectively). Compared with cell culture, the percent sensitivites, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for IDEIA were 62.5, 99.5, 95.2, and 94.3%, respectively, for specimens from men and 96.3, 97.9, 74.3, and 99.8%, respectively, for specimens from women; results for Chlamydiazyme for specimens from men were 81.8, 99.5, 96.4, and 97.1%, respectively, and for specimens from women, results were 85.2, 99.3, 88.5, and 99.1%, respectively. Although the specificities of IDEIA and Chlamydiazyme were comparable, the sensitivity of IDEIA appeared higher for women (96.3%) than for men (67.5%), while the sensitivities of Chlamydiazyme were similar for men (81.8%) and women (85.2%). Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of the detector reagents from the two immunoassays indicated that the differences in performance observed for the two immunoassays may be due to measurement of different antigens. Images
MCH record maintenance at primary health centre level.

Scrutiny of MCH records of 1977-78 and 1988 at PHC level revealed glaring deficiencies in their maintenance e.g. missing of entries., duplicate entries etc. Extent of supervision of service records was extremely low. Record linkages could be poorly established and thus present mechanism of health care delivery could not ensure continuity of care. The level of record maintenance has almost remained same over a decade period. This can be avoided by modifying the information system, making records at the PHC level simple, action oriented with built in system of evaluation and involving community in its maintenance and utilisation.
Measurements on a spherical electrostatic confinement system employing six ion guns

A spherical electrostatic confinement system using ion injection from six ion guns was studied with microwave cavity techniques to measure the electron density within the confinement volume. (MOW)
Refining the General Education Student Teaching Experience through the Use of Special Education Collaborative Teaching Models.

Abstract Reform efforts in teacher education have established school-university partnerships that link teachers' professional development with preservice preparation in order to merge more forcefully educational theory and practice. Collaborative approaches, developed to facilitate the work of classroom teachers and special education teachers can be of great help to general education student teachers and their mentors who teach in professional development school settings. These authors define specific collaborative teaching approaches for student teachers and mentors to enable them to make more informed decisions about how and when to use collaborative teaching experiences to better meet the needs of their P-12 students. We examine models of collaborative teaching and relate them to the shared roles of mentors and student teachers in designing, communicating, and monitoring instruction. We also include examples of how these models work in elementary and secondary classrooms.
Repeated Sequences in DNA

Hundreds of thousands of copies of DNA sequences have been incorporated into the genomes of higher organisms.
Demineralized bone matrix as a template for mineral-organic composites

Mineralizing biological tissues are complex bioceramic-biopolymer composites engineered for a variety of functions. The organic and inorganic constituents, morphology, location, orientation, crystallinity and interactions exhibit materials of extremely fine microstructure, unique mechanical and physical properties with high strength and fracture toughness compared to the individual constituents. An understanding of mineralization, ultrastructural organization and interfacial bonding forces in mineralizing biological composite tissues, such as bone, may provide new strategies and techniques for the production of a novel class of man-made organic-ceramic composites. The present study explores the use of the organic matrix remaining after removal of the mineral phase by chelation with EDTA or solubilizing in HCl as a template for mineral deposition and the production of mineral-organic composites. Different pH conditions are employed to alter the inorganic phase which is deposited within the organic matrix. Mechanical testing and ultrastructural evaluations are carried out for characterization.
3F8 monoclonal antibody treatment of patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma: a phase II study.

3F8 is an IgG3 murine monoclonal antibody directed against the ganglioside GD2. In a phase II study, 3F8 was administered i.v. to 16 patients (pts) who had stage 4 neuroblastoma. Response was seen in bony lesions (2 of 7 pts) and marrow (3 of 8 pts). Acute toxicities of pain, fever, urticaria, hypertension, hypotension and anaphylactoid reactions were self-limited and manageable. Three pts are long-term survivors between 79-130+ months after 3F8 treatment without additional systemic therapy and no delayed neurological complications. The potential benefits of 3F8 when added to chemoradio-therapy warrant further investigation.
Management of chronic hepatitis B in an HIV-positive patient with 3TC-resistant hepatitis B virus.

Chronic viral hepatitis has emerged as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive patients. These individuals are at risk for aggressive chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and eventually, death. Currently available therapies for hepatitis B are limited and include interferon-α, lamivudine (3TC), and adefovir. Tenofovir (TDF), a recently approved drug for the treatment of HIV, is also active against hepatitis B. We report the case of a HIV-positive patient with liver cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) with evidence of resistance to 3TC. The patient was initially accepted as a liver transplant candidate. However, when TDF was added to his treatment, a remarkable virologic and histopathologic improvement was achieved. The patient was subsequently removed from the liver transplant program and has not suffered from any further hepatic complications.
Performance analysis of multivariate complex amplitude estimators

We consider multivariate complex amplitude estimation in the presence of unknown interference and noise. Two multivariate approaches [Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Capon] are provided. We derive the closed-form expression of the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound (CRB) for the unknown complex amplitudes. We also analyze the bias properties and Mean Squared Errors (MSE) of the two estimators. A comparative study shows that the multivariate ML estimator is unbiased, whereas the multivariate Capon estimator is biased downward for finite snapshots. Both estimators are asymptotically statistically efficient when the number of snapshots is large.
The discovery and initial characterization of Allan Hills 81005: The first lunar meteorite

Antarctic meteorite ALHA81005, discovered in the Allan Hills region of Victoria Land, is a polymict anorthositic breccia which differs from other meteorites in mineralogical and chemical composition but is strikingly similar to lunar highlands soil breccias. The petrologic character and several independent lines of evidence identify ALHA81005 as a meteorite from the moon. Two small clasts of probable mare basalt occur among the highlands lithologies in Thin Section 81005,22. This lunar specimen, which shows relatively minor shock effects, has generated new ideas on the types of planetary samples found on the earth.
SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA IN TURKEY (EVALUATION OF 97 CASES WITH PARENTS' FINDINGS)

The hematological and clinical data in 97 sickle-cell anemia cases and hematological findings of their parents are reported. In spite of the low Hb values of the patients, they tolerated their anemia and very rarely required blood transfusions. The Hb F levels of the patients were in general higher than African origin SS anemia patients but lower than the Shiite Saudi Arabians. However, in most of the cases its concentration did not seem to inflaencee the Hb concentration of the patients. Serum iron was found to be decreased in 22 % of the patients which was unexpected. Osmotic fragility was found to be decreased in 100 % of the patients and 83.5 % of the patents. The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency was also high in patients (21.2 %) and in the parents.
At Low Dose, Arginine Vasotocin Has Vasopressor Rather Than Vasodepressor Effect in Chickens

Abstract It is widely accepted that both arginine vasopressin (AVP), and its avian analogue, arginine vasotocin (AVT) are vasopressor (VP) in mammals, but vasodepressor (VDP) in birds. The rat VP and chicken VDP assays were used to characterize neurohypophysial peptides and their analogues. However, these assays use pharmacological doses. Like AVP in mammals, AVT is secreted in birds during dehydration, when peripheral vasoconstriction rather than vasodilatation is needed. Mature White Leghorn cockerels with permanent cannulas in brachial artery and vein were put restrained in a sling. Mean arterial pressure (MAP); heart rate; and rectal, shank, skin, and comb temperatures were continuously recorded. The i.v. infusion regimen was: 1 hr of 0.05 ml/kg * min of saline followed by an hour of tested drug and another hour of saline. The drugs were: AVT, V1-agonist ([Phe2 Orn8]VT), and V2-agonist (DDAVP), in dosage of 50 pmol/kg * min each. AVT and to a lesser extent the V1-agonist increased MAP, caused bradycardia, and reduced thermal conductivity between core and skin or comb. The V2-agonist had no significant effect. Thus, at a low dosage AVT has a VP rather than a VDP effect. Bolus i.v. injection of 2 nmol AVT/kg caused an immediate and large drop in MAP accompanied by tachycardia which subsided within 20-30 sec. This was followed by a small rise in MAP and significant bradycardia. Bolus injection of 2 nmol/kg of either agonist had no hypotensive effect and only the V1-agonist caused the second-phase bradycardia. Thus, bolus injection of AVT at a high dose causes an immediate VDP response that subsides and is followed by a VP one. The V1-agonist elicits only the VP effect. The VDP effect of AVT is mediated by a receptor different than either V1 or V2.
Gamma-protocadherin homophilic interaction and intracellular trafficking is controlled by the cytoplasmic domain in neurons.

Gamma-protocadherins (Pcdh-γs) are good candidates to mediate specificity in synaptogenesis but their role in cell-cell interactions is a matter of debate. We proposed that Pcdh-γs modify preformed synapses via trafficking of Pcdh-γs-containing organelles, insertion into synaptic membranes and homophilic transcellular interaction. Here we provide evidence in support of this model. We show for the first time that Pcdh-γs have homophilic properties and that they accumulate at dendro-dendritic and axo-dendritic interfaces during neuronal development. Pcdh-γs are maintained in a substantial mobile intracellular pool in dendrites and cytoplasmic deletion shifts the molecule to the surface and reduces the number and velocity of the mobile packets. We monitored Pcdh-γ temporal and spatial dynamics in transport organelles. Pcdh-γ organelles bud and fuse with stationary clusters near synapses. These results suggest that Pcdh-γ-mediated cell-cell interactions in synapse development or maintenance are tightly regulated by control of intracellular trafficking via the cytoplasmic domain.
Modeling vehicle accidents and highway geometric design relationships

The statistical properties of four regression models--two conventional linear regression models and two Poisson regression models--are investigated in terms of their ability to model vehicle accidents and highway geometric design relationships. Potential limitations of these models pertaining to their underlying distributional assumptions, estimation procedures, functional form of accident rate, and sensitivity to short road sections, are identified. Important issues, such as the treatment of vehicle exposure and traffic conditions, and data uncertainties due to sampling and nonsampling errors, are also discussed. Roadway and truck accident data from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS), a highway safety data base administered by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), have been employed to illustrate the use and the limitations of these models. It is demonstrated that the conventional linear regression models lack the distributional property to describe adequately random, discrete, nonnegative, and typically sporadic vehicle accident events on the road. As a result, these models are not appropriate to make probabilistic statements about vehicle accidents, and the test statistics derived from these models are questionable. The Poisson regression models, on the other hand, possess most of the desirable statistical properties in developing the relationships. However, if the vehicle accident data are found to be significantly overdispersed relative to its mean, then using the Poisson regression models may overstate or understate the likelihood of vehicle accidents on the road. More general probability distributions may have to be considered.
The surgical treatment of blepharoptosis in oculomotor nerve palsy

We reviewed retrospectively 170 cases of congenital and acquired oculomotor nerve palsy to determine the effectiveness of surgery in the treatment of blepharoptosis in oculomotor nerve palsy. Twenty patients had had surgical repair of the blepharoptosis. Patients with congenital oculomotor palsy were more often selected for blepharoptosis surgery than patients with acquired blepharoptosis because of the absence of diplopia caused by suppression in congenital cases. There was complete recovery in 72 of 109 patients (66%) with acquired oculomotor palsy. Results were judged with regard to functional improvement and cosmetic improvement. Primary functional disability was relieved by lifting the eyelid above the pupil in ten of 12 patients (83%). Primary cosmetic disability was relieved in six of six patients. Corneal complications occurred in six of 20 patients (30%) who were treated surgically.
Scanning electron microscopy of cells and protoplasts ofSaccharomyces rouxii

Cells ofSaccharomyces rouxii from a normal broth culture were subjected to a high osmotic pressure (2 M KCl), fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde fortified with 2 M KCl, and then processed routinely for examination in a scanning electron microscope. Micrographs revealed birth and bud scars typical for the genus and an apparently undamaged surface topography. Protoplasts were prepared from the same material by digestion of cell walls with snail gut enzymes in the presence of 2 M KCl. Naked protoplasts were obtained and these exhibited surface invaginations. In addition, spheroidal protrusions were noted and these structures were equated with the periplasmic bodies previously described by transmission electron microscopy. The propensity for periplasmic body formation inSaccharomyces rouxii is contrasted with otherSaccharomyces species and the circumstantial evidence that relates periplasmic bodies to cryptic β-fructofuranosidase inS. rouxii is briefly discussed.
The effect of heat treatment on the morphology of D-Gun sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings.

In this study, the morphology of the Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings sprayed on Ti alloy samples by Detonation Gun Spray (D-Gun) and the effect of aging before and after heat treatment in physiological solution were observed. Cross-sectional porosity and percentages of amorphous and crystal phase were measured using optical, electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA) was performed to estimate the glass-crystalline phase transformation temperatures. Heat-treatment at 300, 500, 700, 800 and 1200°C were carried out to confirm DTA results. As a final analysis, the aging effect using Ringer's solution for 1 week on heat-treated and non-heat-treated samples was measured. It was observed that, in D-Gun sprayed samples, the cross-sectional porosity stayed in the accepted 5% range as reported for other spraying techniques.1-5 On the other hand, surface porosity measured using the water immersion method remained in the conventional porosity limit of 15% for non-heat-treated samples. Heat-treatment had a small influence on the porosity while the crystallinity increased considerably; in addition, aging had little effect on HA crystallinity for heat treated samples. This work showed that D-gun sprayed HA coatings had lower porosity and better integrity than other coatings, due to which we can expect better performance during in vivo applications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 48: 861–868, 1999
A diffusion model for use with directional samplers

The paper presents a mathematical model for describing dispersion processes of airborne particles in the atmosphere. The process is described as a superposition of independent Brownian motion processes with drifts and a boundary at zero. It is assumed that the terrain is flat and of a homogeneous roughness. All sources are assumed to be point sources. The time dependencies of emission rates, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric conditions are taken into account.
Characterization of iron-sulfur cubane clusters by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry: the formation of ionic [FemSn] clusters through gas-phase unimolecular reduction processes and their solution parallels

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) has been used to analyze a series of iron-sulfur clusters (A) 2 Fe 4 S 4 X 4 , where A=R 4 N or Ph 4 P and X=Cl, Br, SEt, SPh. A cluster with mixed Cl, SPh ligands was also studied. The usefulness of the FAB technique in characterizing these and related biologically-relevant complexes is evaluated.
Centralization in Headquarters–Subsidiary Relationships

Research to date on centralization in MNCs has produced many inconsistent findings. The present study attempts to add clarity to the situation by re-testing many of the existing hypotheses with data from a recent study of centralization in 50 large US, UK and European MNCs. It examines how the degree of centralization inherent in the headquarters-foreign subsidiary relationship varies in response to a variety of company-wide and subsidiary level conditions. The influence of company-wide conditions on centralization appears to be much clearer than the influence of subsidiary-level conditions. The study also identifies several new contingency patterns that appear to be at work in MNCs today.
In situ X-ray scattering study of a model thermotropic copolyester under shear: Evidence and consequences of flow-aligning behavior

While director tumbling is responsible for much of the unique rheological behavior of lyotropic liquid-crystalline polymers (LCPs), it is not clear whether tumbling routinely occurs in main-chain thermotropes. We present experiments on a model thermotropic LCP under shear, using in-situ X-ray scattering as a probe of molecular orientation. This model LCP, PSHQ6-12, was synthesized by Chang and Han [Macromolecules 1996, 29, 2383] and consists of rigid mesogens randomly copolymerized with flexible spacer chains of two different lengths. This architecture suppresses crystallization and lowers the nematic-isotropic transition temperature to an accessible level, allowing a well-defined thermal history to be established prior to flow. We present measurements of molecular orientation in steady shear flow, during relaxation, and during shear flow start-up. The evolution of molecular orientation observed during flow inception and the observation of shear-induced transparency in the material lead to the hypothesis that PSHQ6-12 is shear aligning rather than tumbling. Consequences of this hypothesis are explored by polydomain simulations based on Ericksen's transversely isotropic fluid model, which are capable of capturing many aspects of the experimentally observed rheology and shear-induced structure.
Heritable Remodeling of Yeast Multicellularity by an Environmentally Responsive Prion

SUMMARY Prion proteins undergo self-sustaining conformational conversions that heritably alter their activities. Many of these proteins operate at pivotal positions in determining how genotype is translated into phenotype. But the breadth of prion influences on biology and their evolutionary significance are just beginning to be explored. We report that a prion formed by the Mot3 transcription factor, [MOT3 + ], governs the acquisition of facultative multicellularity in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The traits governed by [MOT3 + ] involved both gains and losses of Mot3 regulatory activity. [MOT3 + ]-dependent expression of FLO11, a major determinant of cellcell adhesion, produced diverse lineage-specific multicellular phenotypes in response to nutrient deprivation. The prions themselves were induced by ethanol and eliminated by hypoxia—conditions that occur sequentially in the natural respiro-fermentative cycles of yeast populations. These data demonstrate that prions can act as environmentally responsivemolecular determinants ofmulticellularity and contribute to the natural morphological diversity of budding yeast.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of twin gestation complicated by preterm premature rupture of the membranes

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to report the clinical characteristics and outcome of twin pregnancy complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnancy outcome is compared between 99 twin pregnancies and 99 well matched singleton pregnancies complicated by preterm rupture of the membranes. RESULTS: Preterm premature rupture of membranes occurs more frequently in twin than singleton gestations (7.4% vs 3.7%, p p p = 0.03). The nonpresenting infant more frequently had hyaline membrane disease and required more oxygen therapy than the presenting infant. No significant differences in infectious morbidity, cord prolapse, or abruptio placentae were seen between twin and singleton gestations. CONCLUSION: This investigation provides the basis for patient counseling and management subsequent to preterm premature rupture of membranes in twin gestation.
Design for automated assembly of circular parts: An algorithm

Abstract In this paper we develop an algorithm for design for automated assembly (DFAA) of circular parts. Based on a mathematical program that considers most of the DFAA governing parameters, the algorithm comparatively selects the optimum tolerance of parts and the repeatability specification of the assembly device. The optimization scheme is subjected to functionality considerations of the assembled parts, the accuracy of equipment available in the marketplace, as well as budgetary constraints.
Pneumocephalus complicating routine thoracotomy: Symptoms, diagnosis, and management

Pneumocephalus resulting from a subarachnoid-pleural fistula most commonly occurs after trauma. Such a complication is very rarely seen after thoracotomy alone, with 15 cases reported to date in the literature. We report a case of pneumocephalus and subarachnoid-pleural fistula that developed secondary to thoracotomy. It was diagnosed by postmyelography computed tomography and treated with open surgical repair after a trial of conservative therapy failed. The presenting symptoms and signs, diagnostic methods, and options for therapy are reviewed.
Real indeterminacy in incomplete financial market economies without aggregate risk

We analyze an exchange economy with incomplete financial markets and assets whose returns are fixed in units of account. Moreover, we assume absence of aggregate risk, i.e., that individual preferences and total resources are constrained to be invariant across different states of the world. In this framework we show that the set of (commodity) price-endowment equilibria is diffeomorphic to a Euclidean space. We then exploit this global parameterization to prove that the set of equilibrium allocations associated with each endowment in a generic set contains a smooth manifold, whose dimension is equal to the number of “missing” assets.
The Feynman phonon as a quantum of zero sound

Abstract An identity for the absorptive part of the density-density correlation function is employed to show that Pines' zero-sound model of the elementary excitations in liquid 4 He is formally exact in the limit of very long wave-lengths.
Grain size dependence of critical current densities in hot isostatically pressed SnMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/

The dependence of critical current density on the heat treatment and microstructure of SnMo/sub 6/S/sub 8/ was systematically studied. Powders with minimal initial oxygen contamination were processed by hot isostatic pressing at 800 degrees C to produce a sample having a mid-point inductive critical temperature of 14.2 K, a magnetization critical current density of 820 A/mm/sup 2/ (9 T, 4.2 K) and electromagnetically nongranular behavior. The microstructure was controlled by varying subsequent heat-treatment temperature and time and was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies. In each sample grains appeared well connected and ranged over two orders of magnitude in size, with average grain sizes being between 0.2 and 0.5 mu m. Critical current density decreased with increasing annealing temperature and time and at fields >
Cross‐cultural differences in online self‐presentation: A content analysis of personal Korean and US home pages

The purpose of this study was to explore the cross‐cultural differences in online presentation, by applying the concept of the independent and interdependent self‐construal to the online context. Therefore, this study analyzed 98 Korean and US individual home pages to examine how cultural differences are displayed online, especially as they relate to manifestations of collectivism and individualism. The results of the study indicated that personal homepages can serve as a forum for the expression of cultural identity. Most notably, while the US virtual actors presented themselves in a direct and personal manner, the Korean virtual actors structured the online self by providing interlinks to special interests. Virtual actors in the US were more likely to present themselves with still pictures, while those in Korea were more likely to use manipulated graphics. These differences in online presentation were consistent with the individualistic and collectivistic orientations of these cultures.
Nonlinear analysis of laminates through a mindlin-type shear deformable shallow shell element

Abstract This study presents a nonlinear analysis with application to a doubly curved shallow shell element free of ‘locking’. The ‘locking’ phenomenon is eliminated by explicitly determining the shear and membrane correction factors. The element formulation utilizes the Reissner-Mindlin and Marguerre theories. The analysis of thin and moderately thick composite shells undergoing large displacements and rotations is achieved by using the corotational form of an updated Lagrangian formulation. The validity of the analysis is established by correlating present results with various benchmark cases that involve large displacements and rotations, as well as elastic stability.
Evolving efficiency of restraining bends within wet kaolin analog experiments

Restraining bends along strike-slip fault systems evolve by both propagation of new faults and abandonment of fault segments. Scaled analog modeling using wet kaolin allows for qualitative and quantitative observations of this evolution. To explore how bend geometry affects evolution, we model bends with a variety of initial angles, θ, from θ = 0° for a straight fault to θ = 30°. High-angle restraining bends (θ ≥ 20°) overcome initial inefficiencies by abandoning unfavorably oriented restraining segments and propagating multiple new, inwardly dipping, oblique-slip faults that are well oriented to accommodate convergence within the bend. Restraining bends with 0° < θ ≤ 15° maintain activity along the restraining bend segment and grow a single new oblique slip fault on one side of the bend. In all restraining bends, the first new fault propagates at ~5 mm of accumulated convergence. Particle Image Velocimetry analysis provides a complete velocity field throughout the experiments. From these data, we quantify the strike-slip efficiency of the system as the percentage of applied plate-parallel velocity accommodated as slip in the direction of plate motion along faults within the restraining bend. Bends with small θ initially have higher strike-slip efficiency compared to bends with large θ. Although they have different fault geometries, all systems with a 5 cm bend width reach a steady strike-slip efficiency of 80% after 50 mm of applied plate displacement. These experimental restraining bends resemble crustal faults in their asymmetric fault growth, asymmetric topographic gradient, and strike-slip efficiency.
Prevention of Breast Cancer (Part II): Risk Reduction Strategies

ABSTRACTUntil recently, the best protection against breast cancer mortality was early diagnosis through mammographic screening. However, the possibility that breast cancer in some cases can be prevented has come to light over the past 30 years. Various risk reduction strategies of breast cancer have been explored including lifestyle modification, prophylactic surgeries, and the use of chemopreventive agents. This article is the second portion of a two-part series on breast cancer prevention, and will focus its discussion on the available risk reduction interventions that have been shown to prevent breast cancer in women considered high risk for the disease.(See Part I in Cancer Investigation, 28:743750, 2010)
Quasiclassical trajectory study of the n = 3 overtone state of benzene

Abstract A benzene fragment HC3/DC3 is used as a model for benzene in a quasiclassical trajectory study of the intramolecular decay of the n=3 overtone. The calculated linewidth (fwhm) for the CH overtone is ≈ 4 cm−1 and that for CD
Attrition in batterers' counseling: the role of social and demographic factors

This study was designed to assess the extent to which social and demographic characteristics predict noncompletion of therapy by spouse batterers. Characteristics that were significantly associated with noncompletion of treatment were employment status, relationship to victim, timing of abuse, arrest record, alcohol problems, motivation to terminate violent behavior, age, income, and age of partner. In combination, however, these factors only improve prediction of noncompletion by about 12 percent over what would be obtained by chance. Although not measured in this study, the anticipated responses of either the criminal justice system or the batterer's mate to termination of treatment are hypothesized to be key determinants of attrition.
Thermal alteration of silica minerals: an archeological approach.

Extensive experiments indicate that the application of heat to flint materials may have conferred an advantage to primitive man in the manufacture of chipped-stone implements. When Florida cherts are slowly heated to between 350° and 400°C and maintained at this temperature for sustained periods, a desirable change occurs in the fracture properties. This alteration takes place when the melting point of the impurities within the intercrystalline spaces is reached; thus the microcrystals of quartz are fitted closer together when materials other than quartz serve as fluxes.
Integrating data-intensive cloud computing with multicores and clusters in an HPC course

This paper presents the design and implementation of a new High-Performance Computing (HPC) course. This course amalgamates the emerging trend of data-intensive cloud computing with the dominant innovation of multicore computing and the important legacy of cluster computing. While others have reported the development of novel HPC courses, we are the first, to our knowledge, to report an upper-level HPC course that introduces the increasingly popular data-intensive cloud computing paradigm - integrally with the better-established shared memory and message-passing models. This course is entirely based on free digital reading resources and open source software. The course's design rationale and implementation - including the use of open source software tools and reading resources - may be beneficial for educators who need to design HPC courses or modules, and especially for those who wish to cover data-intensive cloud computing.
Sintering of α-Al2O3-seeded nanocrystalline γ-Al2O3 powders

Abstract This paper demonstrates that seeding nanocrystalline transition alumina powders is a viable option for producing high quality, alumina-based ceramics. By using α-Al 2 O 3 concentrations of ⩾1.25 wt.% α-Al 2 O 3 seed particles (equivalent to 5 ×10 14 seeds/cm 3 of γ-Al 2 O 3 ) the sintering temperature is reduced from 1600°C for unseeded γ-Al 2 O 3 to 1300–1400°C in dry pressed powders. The scale of the sintered microstructure is related to N v −1/3 and thus a 100-nm grain size is obtained. It is apparent that seeding is necessary for producing dense, alumina-based ceramics from nanocrystalline transition alumina powders.
Clutter Reduction for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Based On Adaptive Wavelet Packet Transform - Abstract

An adaptive wavelet packet transform (AWPT) algorithm is proposed to process synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and remove background clutters from target images. Since target features are more efficiently represented using the wavelet packet bases, higher signal-to-clutter ratios (SCR) can be achieved in the wavelet transform domain. Consequently, clutters can be more effectively separated from the desired target features in the transform domain than in the original SAR domain. The processed results based on the MSTAR data set demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm for SAR clutter reduction.
Optimization of collection efficiency by varying plate spacing within an electrostatic precipitator

Abstract Use of the Deutsch equation as an evaluation tool of electrostatic precipitators has resulted in the restriction design to a single plate spacing and has not enabled optimal use of the space charge arising from the presence of charged dust particles. Space charge is dependent on dust loading and plate spacing and also influences the electric field, hence the migration velocity and, therefore, collection efficiency. Thus a trade-off is indicated between plate spacing and collection efficiency as a function of dust loading. A first step examination of this trade-off indicates that varied spacing can be used in precipitators while maintaining high levels of efficiency and decreasing the required specific collection area by 15% to 25%.
Transport adjacent to ice surfaces melting in saline water: visualization experiments

Abstract The results of an experimental investigation of the buoyancy driven flows adjacent to vertical, and horizontal, flat ice surfaces, melting in water at various temperature and salinity levels are presented. The flows were visualized by taking time exposure photographs of neutrally buoyant particles suspended in the flow field. Several diverse flow regimes were observed for the vertical case, depending upon ambient water temperature and salinity levels. For the horizontal case, only oceanic salinity (35%) was studied, at various temperature levels. Interface temperatures were also measured using thermocouples embedded inside the ice surfaces.
Thiobases in 5-fluorouracil-containing transfer RNA from Escherichia coli

Abstract A comparison was made of the sulfur-containing bases in normal and 5-fluorouracil-containing transfer RNA's which had about 70% of the uracil residues replaced by 5-fluorouracil. Escherichia coli were grown in 35S in the presence and absence of 5-fluorouracil. The bulk 35S-labeled normal and fluorouracil-containing tRNA's were hydrolyzed and the resultant nucleosides or nucleotides were examined by column, paper and thin-layer chromatography. In fluorouracil-containing tRNA, 5-methylaminomethyl 2-thiouridine was almost totally absent. The content of the nucleosides 2-thiocytidine and 4-thiouridine appeared to be reduced to about 30 and 40 % of their normal values, respectively, whereas the content of 2-methyl-thio-N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine remained essentially unchanged. Examination of the hydrolysis products of labeled [3H]fluorouracil-containing tRNA and dual labeled [35S][3H]fluorouracil-containing tRNA showed no evidence for the thiolation of fluorouracil residues. The almost total absence of 5-methylarninomethyl-2-thiouridine in the analog-containing tRNA is of particular interest, since it presumably occupies the first position of the anticodon in several tRNA's and may also be involved in synthetase recognition.
TGFβ regulation of membrane mucin Muc4 via proteosome degradation

Muc4 is a heterodimeric membrane mucin implicated in epithelial differentiation and tumor progression. It is expressed from a single gene as a 300 kDa precursor protein which is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum to its two subunits. Our previous work has shown that Muc4 is regulated by TGFβ, which represses the precursor cleavage. Working with Muc4-transfected A375 tumor cells, we now show that Muc4 undergoes proteosomal degradation. Proteosome inhibitors prolong the life of the precursor, shunt the Muc4 into cytoplasmic aggresomes, increase the level of Muc4 associated with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperones calnexin and calreticulin and increase the levels of ubiquitinated Muc4. Most importantly, proteosome inhibitors repress the TGFβ inhibition of Muc4 expression. These results suggest a model in which TGFβ inhibits precursor cleavage, shunting the precursor into the proteosomal degradation pathway. Thus, the cells have evolved a mechanism to use the quality control pathway for glycoproteins to control the quantity of the protein produced.
The pch2Δ Mutation in Baker's Yeast Alters Meiotic Crossover Levels and Confers a Defect in Crossover Interference

Pch2 is a widely conserved protein that is required in baker's yeast for the organization of meiotic chromosome axes into specific domains. We provide four lines of evidence suggesting that it regulates the formation and distribution of crossover events required to promote chromosome segregation at Meiosis I. First, pch2Δ mutants display wild-type crossover levels on a small (III) chromosome, but increased levels on larger (VII, VIII, XV) chromosomes. Second, pch2Δ mutants show defects in crossover interference. Third, crossovers observed in pch2Δ require both Msh4-Msh5 and Mms4-Mus81 functions. Lastly, the pch2Δ mutation decreases spore viability and disrupts crossover interference in spo11 hypomorph strains that have reduced levels of meiosis-induced double-strand breaks. Based on these and previous observations, we propose a model in which Pch2 functions at an early step in crossover control to ensure that every homolog pair receives an obligate crossover.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of Aqueous SrI 2 Suggests a Mechanism for Ion Transport in Molecular Water

X-ray and neutron scattering have been used to provide insight into the structures of ionic solutions for over a century. Most of the structures discussed in the literature cover distances less than 8 A. Outside that distance, single scattering bands have, however, been seen. For the non-hydrolyzing salt SrI2 in aqueous solution, a structure sufficient to scatter slow neutrons persists down to a concentration of at least 0.1 mol·L−1 at which the measured average distance between scatterers is over 18 A. Over the concentration range of 1 to 0.1 mol·L−1, the full distribution of the distances between the scatterers remains within only about 10 A, the size of an ion and its first hydration shell. This measurably correlated structure of the ions in the solution appears to hold because changes in hydration (and interior distances along any single spatial dimension) require displacements near the size of a water molecule. Together, these facts support a rotatory mechanism for simultaneous ion transport and water countertransport. A formula is presented for calculating the average, equally spaced interscatterer distance as a function of concentration. Using this relationship, the experimental results are interpreted as showing increasing ion association as the salt concentration is raised.
Voltage changes produced by single-phase loads

THE PROBLEM of determining the voltage change produced by a single-phase load has become one of considerable importance to the utility engineer. One of the principal reasons for this situation is the application of single-phase resistance welding to many new processes. The usual type of single-phase resistance welder requires for its operation large intermittent values of kilovolt-amperes at a low power factor. This type of load will, of course, produce voltage fluctuations on the power system adjacent to the welder. If these variations are severe enough, they may cause objectionable lighting flicker to other customers served from the same portion of the power system. The usual range of permissible voltage variation is from 0.5 to 1.5 volts on a 120-volt base. The actual value is dependent upon the type of welder load — whether cyclic or noncyclic — and if cyclic, upon the frequency of the load application.
Scavenger Receptor-A Functions in Phagocytosis of E. Coli by Bone Marrow Dendritic Cells

Class-A scavenger receptors (SR-A) are cellular pattern recognition receptors that bind and traffic a variety of endogenous and microbial ligands. However, despite an emerging role for SR-A as a contributor to the innate immune system, little is known of the regulation or function of SR-A on dendritic cells (DCs). Here we show that SR-A expression is upregulated during murine DC differentiation and that SR-A expression levels correlate with the expression of the murine DC marker CD11c. Using bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from SR-A knockout (SR-A(-/-)) mice, we investigated the contribution of SR-A to BMDC particulate phagocytosis. Functional analyses demonstrated that SR-A is a critical phagocytic receptor for BMDC internalization of the gram-negative bacteria E. coli. SR-A(-/-) BMDCs were impaired in their ability to phagocytose bacteria, and this deficit varied with the bacteria:BMDC cell ratio. Microscopic and biochemical analyses revealed that SR-A is broadly distributed on the surface of BMDCs and is not physically associated with lipid rafts. However, cholesterol depletion demonstrated dependence of SR-A-mediated phagocytosis upon lipid rafts. These data demonstrate a functional contribution for SR-A in the BMDC phagocytic pathway.
Complications of pneumatic retinopexy.

The introduction of optical coherence tomography has allowed accurate measurement of the size of macular holes. A retrospective consecutive review was performed of 21 patients undergoing macular hole repair with vitrectomy, gas tamponade, and autologous platelet injection and we assessed the effect of macular hole parameters on anatomic and functional outcomes. We looked at the demographic features, final visual outcome, and anatomical closure. Twenty-one patients were included in the study. They underwent routine vitrectomy with gas tamponade (C3F8) and injection of autologous platelets. All patients were advised to maintain a facedown posture for 2 weeks. Anatomical closure was confirmed in all cases and 20 out of 21 of patients had improved postoperative visual acuity by two or more lines. In our series, the macular hole dimensions did not have much effect on the final results. The use of autologous platelets and strict facedown posture seems to be the deciding factor in good anatomical and visual outcome irrespective of macular hole dimensions.
Development planning and appropriate technology: A dilemma and a proposal

Abstract This paper examines the present system of project paper preparation and project planning used by the U.S. Agency for International Development and many donor agencies. Three approaches for meeting the evident weaknesses of the system — a holistic approach to the planning problem, an operant-conditioning approach to implementation, and a ‘process’ approach to planning and implementation — are presented and critiqued. On the basis of the critique, an approach which is grounded in a search for an approximately appropriate technology which ‘twiddles the technical knobs’ — is supported; and a proposal for an appropriate technology evaluation system which would analyze alternative technologies, deliver information to the field level, supply needed information on technologies and implementation, constrain donor planners, reduce lag time, incorporate evaluations into future planning, and reduce dependence upon planners is presented.
Literacy and computer literacy: definitions and comparisons

Abstract This paper analyzes the prevailing definitions of literacy and computer literacy. It is shown that similar factors confound our understanding of both these terms. In addition we argue that the term computer literacy is highly inappropriate. In order to clarify the meaning of these terms we suggest a hierarchy of definitions, from the operational level to the broader socio-political definitions. The paper proposes the following. Firstly a definition for the operational skills of reading and writing, for which Papert's term letteracy is used. Secondly a corresponding definition for the operational skills required to use a computer, for which the new term comperacy is proposed. Both these terms represent a continuum of skill levels and a classification for these levels is also developed. The paper concludes with an examination of the interdependencies between letteracy and comperacy which can serve as the first step in a broader analysis of the relationship between literacy and computer literacy.