cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preservation of sulfidic waters containing dissolved As(III)

Solutions containing variable concentrations of sulfide (0 to 31 ppm) and arsenite (0.35 to 10 ppm) were subjected to several different preservation treatments. As predicted by equilibrium thermodynamics, at near-neutral pH the experimental solutions were undersaturated with respect to orpiment (As2S3). However, upon acidification to pH 2 with HCl or HNO3, instantaneous precipitation of poorly crystalline As2S3 occurred in sulfidic solutions which resulted in the loss of dissolved arsenite. These results have implications concerning the practice of acidifying water samples containing hydrogen sulfide with HCl or HNO3 for the purpose of preserving total arsenic values. If a near-neutral water sample contains 1 ppm arsenite and as little as 0.4 ppm sulfide, loss of dissolved arsenic will occur upon acidification. An alternative three-step preservation method involving base addition, oxidation, and acidification is proposed and investigated as an appropriate technique for preserving sulfide-bearing aqueous samples for total arsenic.
Preferential motor reinnervation in the mouse: Comparison of femoral nerve repair using a fibrin sealant or suture

Previous studies in rat femoral nerve demonstrated that regenerating motor axons preferentially reinnervate a nerve branch to muscle as opposed to skin, a process that has been termed preferential motor reinnervation (PMR). This process has not been previously reported in the mouse, where the use of transgenic animals could be a powerful tool to study the basic mechanisms that determine accuracy of regenerating motor axons. In the mouse, we applied the same nerve repair (suture) and retrograde labeling strategies that successfully demonstrated PMR in the rat femoral nerve but surprisingly were unable to demonstrate PMR. However, if the mouse femoral nerve was repaired with a fibrin sealant, PMR was readily apparent, suggesting that PMR in the mouse is dependent on the method of nerve repair.
Large abscess of the heart and spleen complicating bacterial (enterococcal) endocarditis

Abstract A case is described of enterococcal endocarditis superimposed on an unsuspected and asymptomatic rheumatic valvulitis. The clinical course was progressively downhill despite intensive multiple antibiotic therapy. The picture included all of the usual sequelae of uncontrolled subacute bacterial endocarditis, including septic emboli to several organs and vessels, appearance of the murmur of mitral insufficiency, diffuse focal glomerulonephritis, etc. The unusual feature, however, was the postmortem finding of a large myocardial abscess, 2.5 cm. in greatest diameter, and a huge splenic abscess, 12 cm. in greatest diameter.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the response of women with low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods. Using institutional databases, we identified 25 women with advanced low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy between 1989 and 2006. Demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from the medical records. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the method of Kaplan and Meier. Results. Median patient age at diagnosis was 45 years (range 29–81). The majority of patients ( n =19, 76%) received a combination of a taxane and platinum drug. A median of six cycles of chemotherapy was administered (range 2–16). Of the 20 patients for whom pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy CA-125 levels were available, 50% had a >50% reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, radiographic survey of the 24 patients evaluable at the completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated one patient (4%) with a complete response, 21 (88%) with stable disease and 2 (8%) with progression following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Median PFS and OS for all patients were 21.4 and 56.1 months, respectively. Conclusions. The low response rate to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy observed indicates that low-grade serous carcinoma is not as responsive to conventional chemotherapy as high-grade serous carcinoma. Prospective clinical trials focused specifically on low-grade serous carcinoma are needed to make meaningful advances in the treatment of this disease.
Convergent proliferative response and divergent morphogenic pathways induced by epicardial and endocardial signaling in fetal heart development

Abstract Heart development requires cardiomyocyte proliferation, coupled with morphogenic differentiation of the inner trabecular myocardium and the outer compact zone myocardium. In mouse embryos lacking the retinoic acid receptor RXRα, proliferation and morphogenesis of the compact zone fails. We demonstrated previously that epicardial cells, in response to retinoic acid, secrete an activity that promotes cell proliferation. In this study, we have investigated downstream signaling pathways that are elicited in response to this factor. We find that cells treated in culture activate PI3 kinase and Erk pathways, and that these are required for a proliferative response. In vivo, phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β (PI3K pathway) and of Erk1/2 and p90rsk (Erk pathway) is substantially reduced in RXRα-deficient heart tissue. Neuregulin, a mitogen secreted from the endocardium which promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and trabecular differentiation, also activates proliferation via PI3K and Erk pathways. However, the epicardial factor is not neuregulin, and does not function via the neuregulin receptor. Gene markers known to be selectively expressed in trabecular or compact myocardium in vivo are differentially activated in cell culture by treatment with neuregulin or epicardial factor, and are misexpressed in RXRα−/− heart tissue. We therefore conclude that epicardial and endocardial signals converge on common proliferative components, but diverge in downstream pathways that lead to compact vs. trabecular morphogenic differentiation.
A likelihood ratio formula for random fields with application to physical geodesy

A formula for the likelihood ratio applicable to estimation and inference problems arising in random field data models in physical geodesy is derived based on multiparameter white noise theory.
Elevated progesterone during pseudopregnancy may prevent bone loss associated with low estrogen

There is increasing evidence for a role of endogenous progesterone in mineral and skeletal metabolism. The purpose of this study was to compare skeletal changes that occur during a condition of high endogenous progesterone but low estrogen (pseudopregnancy) with a condition of low endogenous progesterone and low estrogen (ovariectomy). Pseudopregnancy was selected over pregnancy to eliminate placental factors that may influence mineral metabolism. Rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or pseudopregnancy initiated, and bones were collected 13 days later. In some animals, blood was collected by indwelling catheters for determination of progesterone and estrogen levels. At mid-pseudopregnancy, there were substantial elevations in progesterone but estrogen was below the level of detection. Progesterone and estrogen were below the level of detection in the OVX rats. Longitudinal growth rates were increased compared with the normal cycling rats in both the pseudopregnant and OVX groups, indicative of decreased estrogen levels, but they were greatest in the OVX rats. Cancellous bone mass was maintained in the pseudopregnant rats compared with normal cycling rats but significantly reduced in the OVX animals. As expected, increased bone formation and turnover rates were observed in the OVX animals although some indices of bone formation were also increased in the pseudopregnant animals. Osteoclasts were significantly increased in the OVX but not the pseudopregnant animals compared with normal cycling rats. Increased periosteal bone formation indices are known to occur following OVX, but the greatest periosteal formation rates were observed in the pseudopregnant animals. While possible roles for some other endocrine agents cannot be excluded at this time, the data from the present study suggest that endogenous progesterone may have a role in the maintenance of bone mass perhaps by decreasing bone resorption while maintaining or increasing bone formation during physiological periods of low estrogen such as occurs during early pregnancy.
New vistas in the determination of hydrogen in aerospace engine metal alloys

The application of diffusion theory to the analysis of hydrogen desorption data has been studied. From these analyses, important information concerning hydrogen solubilities and the nature of the hydrogen distributions in the metal has been obtained. Two nickel base alloys, Rene' 41 and Waspaloy, and one ferrous alloy, 4340 steel, were studied in this work. For the nickel base alloys, it was found that the hydrogen distributions after electrolytic charging conformed closely to those which would be predicted by diffusion theory. The hydrogen distributions in electrolytically charged 4340 steel, on the other hand, were essentially uniform in nature, which would not be predicted by diffusion theory. Finally, it has been found that the hydrogen desorption is completely explained by the nature of the hydrogen distribution in the metal, and that the 'fast' hydrogen is not due to surface and subsurface hydride formation, as was originally proposed.
A student becomes a surgeon: 1932.

The Massachusetts General Hospital opened its doors in 1821. I joined the staff as an intern in 1932 and, for nearly one third of the life of the hospital, have been an observer of the profound changes that have occurred in those 57 years. Many of the lessons learned in those early days still exert a strong influence on present decisions. This brief account may explain the forces exerted on a budding surgeon and may demonstrate some of the changes in the practice of surgery that have transpired since that time. Students in their final year of study at Harvard Medical School commonly spent a clinical clerkship in the Massachusetts General Hospital. On one occasion, three of us were walking down a corridor in the hospital, laughing about some trivial matter. Suddenly a hand was clapped on a shoulder and the tall, soldierly director of the hospital thundered, "Young man,
Synchronizing Karma: The Internalization and Externalization of a Shared, Personal Belief

Abstract When people internalize cultural materials, they do not absorb them as passive recipients but, rather, adapt and apply them in ways that satisfy personal needs while also expressing them in ways acceptable to the community. It is not just a process of moving things into the individual but one of synchronizing imaginings of experience. For Bangkok's Buddhists, karma is a concept that is both culturally shared and, often, deeply personal. Karmic experiences are understood individually and shared through personal karmic narratives. A set of shared standards determines which stories can be accepted as describing karmic experiences while also serving to shape the individual's interpretations of those experiences. Although social monitoring of interpretations of individual experiences makes belief in karma acceptable, the intersection of abstract doctrine with personal interpretations gives the doctrine a nearly undeniable veracity. Therefore, synchronized karmic beliefs thrive, despite Bangkok's rapid development and cultural change. Addressing dynamics of synchronization moves psychological anthropology beyond frameworks of acquisition and internalization to considerations of negotiating agency in the reproduction of culture. [Buddhism, internalization, karma, imagination, narrative]
Phase direct CP violations and general mixing matrices

Abstract I formulate expressions for amplitudes suitable for quantifying both modulus and phase direct CP violations. They result in Mobius transformation (MT) relations, which provide encouraging information for the search of direct CP violations in general. I apply the formulation to calculate the measurements of phase direct CP violations and strong amplitudes in B ∓ → K ∓ π ± π ∓ by the Belle Collaboration. For the formulation, I show a versatile construction procedure for N × N Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrices, Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata (PMNS) matrices, and general unitary matrices. It clarifies the 3 × 3 cases and is useful for the beyond.
Virally directed fluorescent imaging improves diagnostic sensitivity in the detection of minimal residual disease after potentially curative cytoreductive surgery.

Completeness of cytoreduction is an independent prognostic factor after cure-intended surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis. NV1066, a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus carrying the transgene for green fluorescent protein, selectively infects cancer cells. We sought to determine the feasibility of virally directed fluorescent imaging in the intraoperative detection of minimal residual disease after cytoreductive surgery. NV1066 infected human gastric cancer cells, OCUM-2MD3, and mesothelioma JMN cells at all doses. The infected cells expressed green fluorescent protein and were killed. OCUM-2MD3, and mesothelioma JMN cells at all doses. Peritoneal carcinomatosis was established in mice by injection of OCUM cells into the peritoneal cavity. Forty-eight hours after intraperitoneal injection of NV1066, two experienced surgeons resected all visible disease and identified mice free of disease. Eight of 13 mice thought to be free of disease were found to have residual disease as identified by green fluorescence (mean number of observations: 5; range: 1–9). Residual disease was most frequently observed in the retroperitoneum, pelvis, peritoneal surface, and liver. Specificity of NV1066 infection to tumor nodules was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and by polymerase chain reaction for viral gene. Virally directed fluorescent imaging, a novel molecular imaging technology, can be used for real-time visualization of minimal residual disease after cytoreductive surgery and can improve the completeness of cure-intended resection.
FunFonts: introducing 4th and 5th graders to programming using Squeak

This paper discusses a series of presentations and activities designed to enhance the computing skills of elementary school students and hence expose them to Information Technology-related careers. Goals of the sessions include increasing the students' formal understanding of the inner workings of a computer and increasing their set of abstract skills by adding computer programming to it. A cohort of students participated in these one-hour sessions on a weekly basis (except for holidays and special school activities) during their 4th and 5th grade years. Overall, the students enjoyed the computing projects, which were not part of their formal curriculum. At the completion of the first year of lessons, approximately 91% of the students were able to trace the execution of a simple imperative computer program. After the second year of lessons, approximately 91% of the students were able to successfully write programs using mathematical skills associated with points in a 2-dimensional coordinate system in Squeak. In terms of programming, they liked controlling the appearance and behavior of their robot in the BotsInc environment but disliked having to correct errors.
Adolescents, Parents, and Monitoring: A Review of Constructs With Attention to Process and Theory

This article summarizes the parental monitoring literature with attention to the fact that researchers have enlarged the pool of monitoring variables to the point that the literature is advancing in many new and sometimes opposing directions. The specific aims were as follows: (a) to trace parental monitoring constructs to early conceptualizations in the parenting literature; (b) to describe current self-report measurement models in terms of five broad constructs with attention to inconsistencies in measurement; (c) to outline a construct that has received increased attention, parent-adolescent communication; (d) to stress the importance of theory-based investigations; and (e) to describe the general need to translate findings to applied settings. Language: en
Liver injury during highly active antiretroviral therapy: the effect of hepatitis C coinfection

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the elevation of liver enzyme and/or bilirubin levels caused by the use of a medication or drug. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, some of these events may not be directly caused by medication. Acute viral hepatitis, reactivation of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and/or alcohol use may play roles. Elevated transaminase levels are a signal of liver injury, but most cases improve despite continuation of drug therapy. Approximately 33% of patients with HIV infection are coinfected with HCV. Patients with HIV or HCV infection are more prone to DILI, possibly because of impaired hepatocyte defense mechanisms. HCV coinfection is associated with a 2-10-fold chance of developing elevated transaminase levels during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients with HIV/HCV coinfection should not be denied HAART. Instead, they should be followed-up with monthly liver function tests and referred to specialists if grade 3 or 4 liver enzyme elevations occur.
A Cotton-Fiber-Associated Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Gene: Characterization and Chromosomal Location

A cotton fiber cDNA and its genomic sequences encoding an A-type cyclin-dependent kinase (GhCDKA) were cloned and characterized. The encoded GhCDKA protein contains the conserved cyclin-binding, ATP binding, and catalytic domains. Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the GhCDKA transcript was high in 5–10 DPA fibers, moderate in 15 and 20 DPA fibers and roots, and low in flowers and leaves. GhCDKA protein levels in fibers increased from 5–15 DPA, peaked at 15 DPA, and decreased from 15 t0 20 DPA. The differential expression of GhCDKA suggested that the gene might play an important role in fiber development. The GhCDKA sequence data was used to develop single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers specific for the CDKA gene in cotton. A primer specific to one of the SNPs was used to locate the CDKA gene to chromosome 16 by deletion analysis using a series of hypoaneuploid interspecific hybrids.
Trial Design: How Do We Figure Out if an AED Works

Regulatory trials rigorously test the ability of a treatment to impact a known outcome, such as seizure frequency, as measured in well-controlled trials. Such outcomes are called efficacy outcomes. Sometimes these measured outcomes do not reflect the true effectiveness of the drug in the clinic. This article provides some examples of how this can happen and also discusses trials intended to measure effectiveness.
A Simple Tool to Educate Laboratory Staff About Anticoagulation

Tests to monitor anticoagulation comprise a large percentage of the work of coagulation laboratories simply due to the large number of patients who receive anticoagulants such as heparin and warfarin. Despite the highly specialized and challenging nature of some coagulation tests, even the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) performed routinely in many small laboratories may pose challenges to medical technologists without special training. At the same time, they are often required to answer questions from medical staff regarding the anticoagulation testing results they provide. Thus, in order to improve patient safety, it is critical the clinical laboratory staff performing PT and PTT understand not only the technical aspects of the assays, but also how their results fit into patient management decisions.
A Proof for the Queuing Formula: L = λW

In a queuing process, let 1/λ be the mean time between the arrivals of two consecutive units, L be the mean number of units in the system, and W be the mean time spent by a unit in the system. It is shown that, if the three means are finite and the corresponding stochastic processes strictly stationary, and, if the arrival process is metrically transitive with nonzero mean, then L = λW.
Activity analysis in crowded environments using social cues for group discovery and human interaction modeling

We propose a graph based algorithm with social cues to discover interacting groups.We propose a novel descriptor to recognize group activity in top-down approach.The descriptor capturing the motion and interaction of people in discovered group.The advantage of social cue in better understanding of activities in crowded scene. This paper presents a novel and efficient framework for group activity analysis. People in a scene can be intuitively represented by an undirected graph where vertices are people and the edges between two people are weighted by how much they are interacting. Social signaling cues are used to describe the degree of interaction between people. We propose a graph-based clustering algorithm to discover interacting groups in crowded scenes. Two social signaling cues are presented and compared for group discovery. The grouping of people in the scene serves to isolate the groups engaged in the dominant activity, effectively eliminating dataset contamination. Using discovered interacting groups, we create a descriptor capturing the motion and interaction of people within it. A bag-of-words approach is used to represent group activity and a SVM classifier is used for activity recognition. The proposed framework is evaluated in its ability to discover interacting groups and perform group activity recognition using two public datasets. The overall recognition system is compared to a baseline top-down model to understand the impact of social cues for activity recognition. The results of both the steps show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods for group discovery and achieves recognition rates comparable to state-of-the-art methods for group activity recognition.
Expressing Health Through Lifestyle Patterns

Few concepts have received more attention from health professionals and the public during the last decade than health. This is largely due to the emergence of disease prevention and health promotion as global priorities. Unfortunately, the nature of health as a positive life process is poorly understood. Theoretical formulations of health often lack specificity and existing measures almost without exception reflect a narrow clinical perspective of health as the absence of disease. The purpose of this paper is to propose a system for classifying expressions of health of persons in their entirety and to suggest related indicators of high-level health.
Mechanism for Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR56-Mediated RhoA Activation Induced By Collagen III Stimulation

GPR56 is a member of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Despite the importance of GPR56 in brain development, where mutations cause a devastating human brain malformation called bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP), the signaling mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. Like many other adhesion GPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved via a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain into N- and C-terminal fragments (GPR56 N and GPR56 C ); however, the biological significance of this cleavage is elusive. Taking advantage of the recent identification of a GPR56 ligand and the presence of BFPP-associated mutations, we investigated the molecular mechanism of GPR56 signaling. We demonstrate that ligand binding releases GPR56 N from the membrane-bound GPR56 C and triggers the association of GPR56 C with lipid rafts and RhoA activation. Furthermore, one of the BFPP-associated mutations, L640R, does not affect collagen III-induced lipid raft association of GPR56. Instead, it specifically abolishes collagen III-mediated RhoA activation. Together, these findings reveal a novel signaling mechanism that may apply to other members of the adhesion GPCR family.
A unified proof of minimum time complexity for reaching consensus and uniform consensus - an oracle-based approach

In this paper, we offer new proofs to two lower bound results in distributed computing: a minimum of f+1 and f+2 rounds for reaching consensus and uniform consensus respectively when at most f fail-stop faults can happen. Here the computation model is synchronous message passing. Both proofs are based on a novel oracle argument. These two induction proofs are unified in the following sense: the induction steps are the same and only the initial step (f=0) needs to be proved separately. The techniques used in the proof offer new insights into the lower bound results in distributed computing.
Architecture and 3D device simulation of a PIN diode-based Gamma radiation detector

In this paper, we present a new IC-based gamma radiation detector. We report 3D simulation results for the PIN diode structure which is used in this detector, along with a discussion of the architecture of the readout electronics for this detector. Gamma detection traditionally consists of three parts -- i) a scintillator, ii) a detector unit and iii) the readout electronics. Our PIN diode based detector uses a traditional scintillator and a bialkali photocathode to convert the scintillated light into an electron current. This current is detected by the PIN diodes in the detector, which is fused to the photocathode. This structure has many advantages. Sensitivity is enhanced by placing the photocathode and detector IC on all six faces of the NaI scintillating crystal. Our detector is small, has a low-dead-time and it consumes very low power. The sensitive area of the chip is 75%, which is higher than any existing solid-state gamma detector. We have verified the operation of each component of the system by performing circuit-level simulations. The detector is implemented in a low-cost 0.5 um process. The optimal parameters for the PIN diode detector are explored through 3D device simulations. Our results show that a detector sensitivity better than 20 keV is easily achievable with a PIN diode of dimensions 2.5 um X 2.5 um.
Status of women surgeons in Japan.

Societies where women have been fully integrated into the education, political and health systems, as well as the workforce, are economically and politically more stable than those where this has not occurred. By establishing the Gender Equality Bureau of the Cabinet Office, the Japanese government clearly recognizes the need of this benefit in Japan. Dr. Yasuko Tomizawa, in her article [1] reporting the results of two surveys of the women surgeons of Japan, has shown the lack of professional equality in surgery and the limited progress over the ensuing 3 years. The inclusion of women must involve a conscious effort, and not be expected to occur by chance. Until equity is achieved, any discussion on barriers and evaluation of the status of women in surgery must be public. Removal of the topic from the Japan Surgical Society is disheartening. Mixing the issues with more generic topics will not give this issue proper visibility and expresses the lack of concern over the status of women. As women now occupy a greater percent of the medical school positions, they must select surgery with the same frequency as men or the specialty will be understaffed and will decline in intellectual ability. Enlightened men understand the issue. They hope their daughters, sisters and wives will also pursue the career they have loved. They can and should advance the cause as well as women. Women will vote with their feet as they appear to have been doing by selecting other fields where they have a greater chance for advancement. Sociologic data suggest that to have a meaningful voice, one-third of the leadership should represent the minority group. Hopefully, that will be the shortterm goal of the surgical societies of Japan and will be reflected in the next survey report.
Aging effects on the organic base transporter and stereoselective renal clearance.

Objective The organic base transporter is responsible for stereoselective renal excretion. Changes in activity of this system secondary to aging may affect the disposition of an organic base in a stereoselective manner. Methods Eight young men (age range, 22 to 33 years) and seven elderly men (age range, 62 to 79 years) were given 10 mg pindolol twice daily, pindolol with 200 mg trimethoprim once daily (a known inhibitor of organic base secretion) and pindolol with 1.5 gm ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) four times daily for 3 days on three occasions. On day 4, urine and plasma were collected over 24 hours to determine renal clearance (CLR) values of pindolol isomers. Results: R(+)-Pindolol CLR values in young versus elderly men were 203 ± 82 versus 150 ± 87 ml/min, 128 ± 51 versus 113 ± 35 ml/min, and 480 ± 248 versus 247 ± 59 ml/min during the control, trimethoprim, and NH4Cl study phases, respectively. S(-)-Pindolol CLR values in young versus elderly were 279 ± 81 versus 207 ± 105 ml/min, 178 ± 70 versus 136 ± 42 ml/min, and 593 ± 294 versus 276 ± 49 ml/min during control, trimethoprim, and NH4Cl phases, respectively. NH4Cl increased R(+)-pindolol CLR by 138% (p < 0.05 versus pindolol alone) in young men, which was significantly greater than that observed in elderly subjects (66%; p < 0.05 versus pindolol alone; p = 0.016 young versus old). NH4Cl affected S(-)-pindolol CLR in a similar manner. Trimethoprim decreased R(+)-pindolol CLR in the young subjects by 37% (p < 0.05 versus pindolol alone), which was similar to that observed in the elderly subjects (26%; p < 0.05 versus pindolol alone; p = 0.94 young versus elderly). Trimethoprim affected S(-)-pindolol CLR in a similar manner. Stereoselective renal excretion of pindolol was unaffected by NH4Cl and trimethoprim, where the R(+)/S(-)-pindolol CLR ratio was unchanged (p = NS) from control in the young and elderly subjects. Comparison of the pindolol CLR isomer ratio between young and elderly groups showed no significant differences. Changes in pindolol clearance values resulted in significant changes in β-blocking activity, assessed by isoproterenol (INN, isoprenaline) testing. Conclusions Trimethoprim and NH4Cl significantly affect pindolol renal and total clearance values. Aging does not alter renal excretion of pindolol except for the magnitude by which renal excretion can be stimulated. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997) 62, 117–128; doi:
Marital Instability and Female Labor Supply

We review the relationship between female labor supply and marital instability. Traditionally, the sociological literature has focused on the impact of female labor supply on the likelihood of divorce with specific reference to the independence hypothesis. However, recent studies in sociology and economics provide more consistent evidence that the direction of causality may be the other way around. Women might increase their labor supply in the anticipation of divorce. We review the methodological developments in measuring economic independence and the recent evidence on its impact on divorce. Then we turn our attention to the alternative literature on the impact of divorce on female labor supply. We outline the theoretical arguments put forward by this literature, discuss the methodological issues in establishing causality, summarize the findings, and suggest avenues of further research.
Total Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Both Enantiomers of Several Hydroxylated Dimeric Nuphar Alkaloids

Herein, we describe the first total syntheses of five members of the dimeric nuphar alkaloids: (+)-6,6′-dihydroxythiobinupharidine (+)-1 a, (+)-6-hydroxythiobinupharidine (+)-1 b, (−)-6,6′-dihydroxythionuphlutine (−)-2 a, (−)-6,6′-dihydroxyneothiobinupharidine (−)-3 a, and (+)-6,6′-dihydroxyneothionuphlutine (+)-4 a. The latter two have not been found in nature. We have also made each of their enantiomers (−)-1 a–b, (+)-2 a, (+)-3 a, and (−)-4 a. The key step in these syntheses was the dimerization of an α-aminonitrile (a hydrolytically stable surrogate for its corresponding hemiaminal) with chiral Lewis acid complexes. We have also reassigned the literature structures of (+)-1 a–1 b—for those instances in which the NMR spectra were obtained in CD3OD—to their corresponding CD3O-adducts. Our efforts provide for the first time apoptosis data for (−)-3 a, (+)-4 a, and all five non-natural enantiomers prepared. The data indicate high apoptotic activity regardless of the enantiomer or relative stereochemical configuration at C7 and C7′.
The effect of bounding the number of primitive propositions and the depth of nesting on the complexity of modal logic

Abstract A well-known result of Ladner says that the satisfiability problem for K45, KD45, and S5 is NP-complete. This result implicitly assumes that there are infinitely many primitive propositions in the language; it is easy to see that the satisfiability problem for these logics becomes linear time if there are only finitely many primitive propositions in the language. By way of contrast, we show that the PSPACE-completeness results of Ladner and Halpern and Moses hold for the modal logics K n , T n , S4 n , n ⩾ 1, and K45 n , KD45 n , S5 n , n ⩾ 2, even if there is only one primitive proposition in the language. We go on to examine the effect on complexity of bounding the depth of nesting of modal operators. If we restrict to finite nesting, then the satisfiability problem is NP-complete for all the modal logics considered, but S4. If we then further restrict the language to having only finitely many primitive propositions, the complexity goes down to linear time in all cases.
Lower limb skeletal muscle mass: Development of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry prediction model

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately measure lower limb skeletal muscle (SM) mass, this method is complex and costly. A potential practical alternative is to estimate lower limb...
EFFECTS OF PROCESSING TREATMENTS ON CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTIC PROPERTIES OF CORNED BEEF

Eighteen beef briskets obtained from USDA Choice carcasses were boned and randomly assigned to either a 4°C or -10°C storage treatment for 72 hr. The frozen briskets were then placed in a 4°C cooler and held until attaining an internal temperature of 3–4°C. After thawing, all briskets were pumped to 0, 10 or 20% of their green weight (3 briskets/group/pumping treatment) and held for 2 days in a cover pickle of the same salinity. Weight losses were determined after a 2-day immersion period and chemical and organoleptic samples were obtained 2, 7 and 14 days after pumping. These data indicate that processing yields were not significantly affected by degree of pump, storage at - 10°C prior to processing or specific gravity values. Residual nitrite values were not significantly affected by freezing treatments prior to processing or specific gravity values. Nitrite levels were similar at 2 and 14 days after pumping at all pumping levels. After 7 days of storage, residual nitrite levels were less than 50 ppm in all briskets. Sensory ratings for tenderness and juiciness were observed to increase as time after pumping increased.
Fluconazole induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: a case report

Drug induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome are more commonly associated with medications such as sulfonamides, penicillin, anticonvulsants, oxicam non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allopurinol and corticosteroids. Isolated instances secondary to drugs outside of the aforementioned classes have also been reported. We report a case of probable toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by fluconazole in a 52 year old woman.
Product Assortment Competition with the Decoy Eect

on competition, we study product assortment competition in a duopoly in which each seller may choose whether to include a decoy in the seller’s product assortment. We provide a complete characterization of the Nash equilibria and their dependence on choice model parameters. We study the evolution of assortment competition and we evaluate the stability of the equilibria in the context of sellers learning about the behavior of their competitors. Our results indicate under what conditions it is benecial for a seller to include a decoy into the seller’s assortment, and under what conditions the seller obtains a free ride from the competitor’s decoy. Our results also show that every pure-strategy Nash equilibrium is stable and every mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium is unstable.
The Making of a Quintessential Scholar-Activist

I met Ling-chi Wang in 1974 when I joined the faculty of the Asian American Studies Program at the University of California, Berkeley. He impressed me from the beginning with his analytical acumen, but it was not until 1977, when the program was going through an internal upheaval, that I clearly saw his courage, strength, and integrity-traits that underlie his moral authority.
BOTH SEXES OF THE TRUE ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) TRAPPED WITH THE FEEDING ATTRACTANT COMPOSED OF ACETIC ACID AND 3-METHYL-1-BUTANOL

Male and female true armyworm moths, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), were captured in traps baited with the combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol and placed near fields of corn (Zea mays). In a comparison of these chemicals presented individually and together, significantly greater numbers of moths were captured in traps baited with acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol, compared to traps baited with acetic acid alone or traps baited with 3-methyl-1-butanol alone. Eighty percent of the female true armyworm moths captured in September in traps baited with acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol were unmated and immature (no eggs and with considerable fat body). The remaining 20% of those females captured were mated and had some ovarian development. These results demonstrate attraction of male and female true armyworm moths to the combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol and provide a new means of trapping females of this species.
Effective participative decision making: A joint responsibility for success

Much of the current research on participative decision making focuses on the increasing need for broad-based decision-making systems, on the different outcomes associated with different forms of participation, or on the problems associated with poorly managed participative decision-making systems. This article considers the responsibilities of employees who participate in organizational decision making and the responsibilities of employers who expect to share decision-making tasks. A “Bill of Responsibilities for Employees” and a “Bill of Responsibilities for Employers” are presented. Pitfalls associated with neglecting these responsibilities are discussed.
An Assessment Model and Methodology for National Security Systems

All computer systems or systems of computers are composed of some combination of three basic components; hardware, firmware, and software. These systems are assessed to determine the assessor’s and the risk acceptor’s confidence in their level of robustness, where robustness is the characterization of strength of a security function, mechanism, service, or solution, and the assurance that it is implemented and that it is functioning correctly. Most experienced assessors are aware that the level of robustness required for each system is dependent upon dynamic factors such as operational environment, threat source interest, and mission criticality. This paper will provide mathematical models of these factors and an assessment methodology that builds upon those models.
Long-term Outcomes of Military Service in Aging and the Life Course: A Positive Re-envisioning

Most research on military service focuses on its short-term negative consequences, especially the mental and physical injuries of those deployed in warzones. However, studies of long-term outcomes reveal surprisingly positive effects of military service--both those early in adulthood that grow over time and others that can emerge later in life. These multidomain effects have been found in veterans of World War II and the Korean War and are now being seen in veterans of the Vietnam War. Although some are directly attributable to public policies such as the GI Bill, which facilitate educational and economic gains, there are personal developmental gains as well, including autonomy, emotional maturity and resilience, mastery, and leadership skills, that lead to better health and well-being in later life. These long-term effects vary across persons, change over time within persons, and often reflect processes of cumulative advantage and disadvantage. We propose a life-span model of the effects of military service that provides a perspective for probing both long-term positive and negative outcomes for aging veterans. We further explicate the model by focusing on both sociocultural dynamics and individual processes. We identify public-use data that can be examined to evaluate this model, and offer a set of questions that can be used to assess military service. Finally, we outline an agenda for dedicated inquiry into such effects and consider policy implications for the health and well-being of aging veterans in later life.
Dynamic Strain Rate Response with Changing Temperatures for Wax-Coated Granular Composites

Triaxial tests were conducted at varying load rates and temperatures for a wax-coated granular composite material. This material is used as a surface for Thoroughbred horse racing. The purpose of the test is to examine how the shear strength of a synthetic track responds to changing strain rates. The temperatures used correspond to the temperatures of the surfaces during operations. These same temperatures have been shown using differential scanning calorimetry to correspond to thermal transition regions for the wax used to coat the sand in these surfaces. Preliminary results show that these tracks are sensitive to both an increase in the rate of loading and the temperature. However there may be an upper strain rate limit where temperature effects diminish. At low strain rates, temperature affects the dynamic strengthening response, while at higher strain rates; the dynamic load governs the strength response.
Synthesis of Concave Helical Compression Springs

Helical compression springs are used to resist compressive forces or store energy in push mode. They are found in many applications that include automotive, aerospace and medical devices. The common configuration of helical compression springs is straight cylindrical shape that has constant coil diameter, constant pitch and constant spring rate. Unlike cylindrical helical compression springs, concave helical compression springs have a larger diameter at each end and a smaller diameter in the middle of the spring. The variable coil diameter enables them to produce desired load deflection characteristics, reduce solid height, buckling and surging, and keep them centered on a larger diameter hole. The unique features of concave helical compression springs also raise their synthesis challenges. In this paper, a method is introduced to synthesize concave helical compression springs. The variable coil diameter of a concave helical compression spring is described by a spline curve. A cylinder with variable diameter is generated by revolving the spline curve on spring axis. The concave helical compression spring is then modeled by wrapping a spring wire on the variable diameter cylinder. The synthesis of a concave helical compression spring is systemized as the optimization of the geometric control parameters of its wrapped spring wire. A synthesis example is presented in the paper to verify the effectiveness and demonstrate the procedure of the introduced method.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Poundian and Chinese aesthetics of dynamic force : a re-discovery of Fenollosa and Pound's theory of Chinese written character

Esthetique de la force dynamique dans la calligraphie chinoise et ses implications sur la poetique occidentale - selon la theorie de Fenollosa et Pound.
Understanding International Trade Policies: An Emerging Synthesis

The international trade problems of the 1980s stimulated an expansion of scholarship on trade policies by economists and political scientists. At least four distinct theoretical perspectives weave their way through recent literature that concentrates on the United States—emphasizing market conditions, policy beliefs and values, national political institutions, and global structures, respectively. New studies in each of these traditions advance beyond the work of their predecessors, but none of the perspectives has yet proved adequate as a single unifying vehicle. Nevertheless, we can also see clear movement toward a synthesis, with single works blending insights from several traditions. Thus, the books under review do not all fall neatly into the familiar exclusive categories of “economics” or “political science.” The emerging synthesis needs strengthening in several ways, including the development of “conditioning hypotheses” that will reduce remaining apparent confusions.
Independent Recognition of Numerosity Requires Attention

The overlap of numerical and non-numerical properties in concrete object arrays raises the question of how these input dimensions interact. Two studies were conducted to address this question and showed that changing the object identity (while retaining the numerosity) and changing the numerosity (while retaining the object identity) both resulted in attenuated recognition of object arrays. However, this interference differed across development. In adults interference was asymmetrical (i.e. changing the object identity has greater effect on memory for numerosity than changed numerosity had on object identity). In contrast, children showed a symmetrical pattern of interference. These results imply that for adults, processing numerosity might be an attention-demanding process compared to a spontaneous object perception. Children, however, processed neither the object identity nor numerosity independently.
Central Metabolism of Angiotensins: Potential Functional Significance

Many species2/7 have both pressor and dipsogenic responses to intracerebroventricularly (ICV) applied angiotensin II (AII) and III (AIII). Implicit in this central nervous system (CNS) responsiveness to AII and AIII is the existence of specific membrane-bound receptors. Furthermore these receptors would be expected to be present in those areas of the CNS which are known to be angiotensin sensitive, namely the circumventricular organs4. Surprisingly, this logical inference with regard to the distribution of receptors as determined by radioligand binding methods has not been consistently validated when 125I-AII is used as the labeled ligand in the presence of chelating agents1/3/6. However, when 125I-AIII is used as the radioligand, “apparent” binding is seen in many brain regions in every species examined. The term “apparent” is used because high performance liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of bound label derived from 125I-AIII incubated membranes clearly indicated that degradation products, especially 125I-tyrosine (Tyr), make up the large majority of bound label. This finding, may, in fact, indicate that “apparent” AIII binding is artifactual in the sense that it has nothing to do with angiotensin binding sites but may represent nonspecific degradation of angiotensins and subsequent uptake of labeled products. On the other hand, this degradation and tyrosine transloction may be a concerted event that accompanies angiotensin binding, suggesting that specific peptidases may be a part of the receptor complex. This study which examines these possibilities strongly supports this notion.