cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bond Yields, Ratings, and Financial Information: Evidence from Public Utility Issues

This study investigates the relative roles of bond ratings and financial information in the setting of bond yields. Structural equation modeling techniques are used to learn whether ratings determine yields or whether both ratings and yields are determined by a concurrent set of economic and financial factors. Tests of alternative structural model configurations provide evidence regarding the associations between bond ratings, financial information, and bond yields. Both ratings and financial information are found to play an important role in determining bond yields. In addition, yields are consistent with the higher rating in cases of split ratings.
Significant developments in clinical hypnosis during the past 25 years.

Abstract In the past 25 years, important changes have taken place in clinical hypnosis. It has become scientifically respectable as the field has moved from publishing anecdotal case reports to testing hypotheses on significant samples of patient populations. In addition, new treatment approaches have been introduced, foremost among them hypnoanalysis of psychotic, borderline, narcissistic, and post-traumatic stress disorders, as well as hypno-behavioral methods for the treatment of habit disorders and somatic and psychosomatic diseases. The former treatment approaches combine hypnotic techniques with the newer psychoanalytic methods derived from object relations and self-theories; the latter combine hypnosis with the methods of behavioral medicine and attempt to teach the patient voluntary control over ordinarily involuntary somatic processes. In general, while formerly the therapeutic use of hypnosis involved mainIy direct and indirect suggestion, in the last 25 years hypnotherapists of all persuasions ...
Emerging Treatments in the Management of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder characterized by the formation of nonmalignant hamartomas in the brain, heart, skin, kidney, lung, and other organs. It is associated with autism, epilepsy, and other neurocognitive and behavioral disabilities. Wide phenotypic variation occurs in disease severity and natural course: some patients demonstrate minimal effects, e.g., skin changes; others manifest profound seizures and mental retardation. Tuberous sclerosis complex is caused by mutations in either the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 or 2 gene (coding for hamartin and tuberin, respectively). The tuberous sclerosis complex 1/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 protein dimer complex is a crucial inhibitory element in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, regulating cell growth and proliferation. Until recently, few options existed, other than surgery, for treating symptoms of tuberous sclerosis complex related to the growth of hamartomas. Increased understanding of the genetic cause of the disease and underlying dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway has led to clinical trials of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, including sirolimus and everolimus. This review gives an overview of tuberous sclerosis complex and its molecular causes, and summarizes results from recent clinical trials of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in patients with the disease.
Photofunctional construct that interfaces molecular cobalt-based catalysts for H2 production to a visible-light-absorbing semiconductor.

Molecular cobalt-containing hydrogen production catalysts are grafted to a visible-light-absorbing semiconductor. The attachment procedure exploits the UV-induced immobilization chemistry of vinylpyridine to p-type (100) gallium phosphide (GaP). Single step surface-initiated photopolymerization yields a covalently attached polymer with pendent pyridyl groups that provide attachment points for assembling cobaloxime catalysts. Successful attachment is characterized by grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GATR-FTIR), which shows distinct vibrational modes associated with the catalyst, as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) that confirm the presence of intact CoIII complex on the surface. The Co-functionalized photocathode shows significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in aqueous conditions at neutral pH, compared to results obtained on GaP without attached cobalt complex...
Plant gas exchange and water status in urban desert landscapes

Gas exchange and water status were evaluated for plants at irrigated residential and unirrigated remnant Sonoran Desert sites in the greater Phoenix area, Arizona, U.S.A. Gas exchanges fluxes were higher for plants at the residential sites than for those at the desert sites. Plant water status was more favorable at residential sites for every season except the late summer monsoon, and time of day for maximum photosynthesis was later for residential plants during summer and winter months. These data suggest that yearly CO2 uptake was a function of plant water status and summer heat stress, and land use in these urban desert landscapes.
Distributed Sensors for Active Structural Acoustic Control Using Large Hierarchical Control Systems

The active structural acoustic control of sound radiation in large structures, such as launch vehicle payload fairings, can require very complex control systems if the control architecture is centralized. For this reason hierarchical, decentralized, control architectures have been suggested as one method of simplifying the complexity of the system and improving the robustness of the system to failures. In a hierarchical configuration, individual actuators or groups of actuators act on local information and use this information to drive the system locally. Higher level, slower acting, master controllers can then be used to observe the global performance and adapt the behavior of the local control systems. The local control units can use feedforward, feedback or hybrid feedforward/feedback techniques. It has been previously shown that good performance can only be achieved if the non-radiating high order wavenumber components are removed from sensor signals. This paper develops both analytically and experimentally a two dimensional distributed structural sensor designed as a wavenumber filter. Filtering in the wavenumber domain is made more attractive since it does not cause the phase problems associated with filtering in the time domain. A numerical method for combining ring shaped sensors is presented. It is shown that low and band pass sensors can be created with relatively few ring elements. Experimental results using a two dimensional ring sensor (with eight rings) attached to a large plate structure is presented. Results show that by carefully combining the outputs from the sensor rings both low pass two dimensional wavenumber filters can be created.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Ileo-uterine fistula as a complication of myomectomy. Case report.

Summary A patient is described who developed an ileo-uterine fistula after myomectomy. The fistula caused no symptoms and was discovered at hysterosalpingography for infertility.
The absorption and distribution of labeled fatty acids in the rat.

SummaryBiosynthesized lipids labeled with C14 was fed to rats and the lipids from various organs examined for radioactivity. The importance of the observations in studies of lipid metabolism was pointed out.
Citing Secondary Sources: Can We Correct What Students Do Not Know?.

Our research assesses student understanding of citation practices, especially problems in citing secondary sources, and the effectiveness of direct instruction to correct evident misunderstandings. Forty-six college undergraduates completed a pretest of their knowledge. Twenty-six of these undergraduates received direct instruction about primary versus secondary sources and problems in citing secondary sources. After instruction, we again tested all participants. Knowledge of citation practices before instruction was inadequate, and instruction significantly increased performance for the experimental group. We suggest that such direct instruction should be systematically included early in the undergraduate psychology curriculum.
Asset Pricing Kernels in an OLG Economy with Housing

This paper introduces an asset pricing model with housing and explores properties of an asset pricing kernel using housing service as a numeraire in an OLG economy. When there is non-separable utility over consumption goods and housing services, the model generates not only the new type of risk known as composition risk, but also a new type of pricing kernel. This paper derives this novel pricing kernel using housing service as the numeraire and studies its property by exploring its relationship with the standard pricing kernel, which uses consumption as the numeraire. A simulation result for steady state asset prices exhibits a certain interrelationship among many consumer parameters in asset pricing with housing.
Microporosity, Optical Bandgap Sizes, and Photocatalytic Activity of M(I)-Nb(V) (M = Cu, Ag) Oxyfluoride Hybrids

Using hydrothermal methods, a new series of five M(I)−Nb(V) oxyfluoride hybrid solids was prepared having the compositions [Cu(pyz)]2NbOF5 (1, pyz = pyrazine), Ag(pyz)NbOF4 (2), M(bpy)NbOF4·2H2O (3, M = Cu; 4, M = Ag; bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine), and [Cu(dpe)]2NbOF5·8H2O (5, dpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethene). Each of the hybrid solids consists of layered structures with bridging ligands that coordinate via the Ag+ or Cu+ (i.e., M+) sites in each layer. The structure of 1 is comprised of [Cu2(pyz)22+]n double chains that are cross-linked into double layers by coordination to partially O/F-disordered [NbOF5]2− octahedra. Hybrids 2−4 contain pyz- and bpy-pillared [MNbOF4] layers, with the longer bpy ligand affording two interlayer water molecules per M+ site. These [MNbOF4] layers consist of ordered polar [NbOF4]− chains that are bridged via the M+ sites and that orient in alternating directions. The longest ligand in 5, dpe, results in a 3-fold interpenetrating pillared network consisting of [Cu(dpe)+]n chains br...
A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE GIANT DIATOMS ARDISSONEA FORMOSA AND SYNEDRA BACILLARIS

We have made detailed SEM studies of the diatoms Ardissonea formosa (Hantzsch) Grunow and Synedra bacillaris (Grunow) Hustedt collected as epiphytes from seagrass leaves. The siliceous architecture of A. formosa clearly conforms in all respects to the detailed generic circumscription of Ardissonea De Notaris as put forth by Round et al. (1990), with the most notable characters being its robust longitudinal ribs, thick internal plate (i.e. the valve is fully chambered), and the valvocopula bearing an apical notch. While the morphology of S. bacillaris is similar to that of A. formosa, the former completely lacks an internal siliceous plate (i.e. the valves are not chambered) and there are other differences as regards the shape of the valve areolae and fine structure of the connecting bands. The morphological data gathered thus far clearly show that Ardissonea sensu Hustedt (1932) is heterogeneous and must be broken up. Differences in morphology between S. bacillaris and other non-chambered species of the A...
SU-E-J-213: Imaging and Treatment Isocenter Verification of a Gantry Mounted Proton Therapy System

Purpose: The Mevion proton therapy machine is the first to feature a gantry mounted sychro-cyclotron. In addition, the system utilizes a 6D motion couch and kV imaging for precise proton therapy. To quantify coincidence between these systems, isocentricity tests were performed based on kV imaging alignment using radiochromic film. Methods: The 100 ton gantry and 6D robotic couch can rotate 190° around isocenter to provide necessary beam angles for treatment. The kV sources and detector panels are deployed as needed to acquire orthogonal portals. Gantry and couch mechanical isocenter were tested using star-shots and radiochromic-film (RCF). Using kV imaging, the star-shot phantom was aligned to an embedded fiducial and the isocenter was marked on RCF with a pinprick. The couch and gantry stars were performed by irradiating films at every 45° and 30°, respectively. A proton beam with a range and modulation-width of 18 cm was used. A Winston-Lutz test was also performed at the same gantry and couch rotations using a custom jig holding RCF and a tungsten ball placed at isocenter. A 2 cm diameter circular aperture was used for the irradiation. Results: The couch star-shot indicated a minimum tangent circle of 0.6 mm, with a 0.9 mmmore » offset from the manually marked isocenter. The gantry star-shot showed a 0.6 mm minimum tangent circle with a 0.5 mm offset from the pinprick. The Winston Lutz test performed for gantry rotation showed a maximum deviation from center of 0.5 mm. Conclusion: Based on star-shots and Winston-Lutz tests, the proton gantry and 6D couch isocentricity are within 1 mm. In this study, we have shown that the methods commonly utilized for Linac characterization can be applied to proton therapy. This revolutionary proton therapy system possesses excellent agreement between the mechanical and radiation isocenter, providing highly precise treatment.« less
PITAVASTATIN REDUCES REMNANT LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL SIGNIFICANTLY MORE THAN DOES PRAVASTATIN IN HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS: THE INTREPID TRIAL

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in those with chronic HIV infection, due in part to HIV associated dyslipidemia. An emerging CVD risk factor is triglyceride-rich remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C: the sum of IDL and VLDL3 cholesterol). The effects of
Estimating EGARCH-M models: Science or art?

Abstract This paper shows that the EGARCH-M model should be estimated with caution. Regardless of the assumption made regarding the conditional error distribution, the EGARCH-M model is sensitive to the choice of starting values and the degree of computer precision. However, a simple forecasting example shows that these issues only become a concern when the EGARCH-M model is estimated on a high-precision computer, under the assumption that the conditional errors follow a generalized error distribution. The instability of the risk aversion parameter in the mean equation is the greatest influence on these results.
DNA fork displacement rates in synchronous aneuploid and diploid mammalian cells.

Abstract DNA fork displacement rates were measured in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), human HeLa cells and human diploid fibroblasts. For CHO cells two independent techniques were used: one based on CsCl equilibrium density gradients and the other on 313 nm photolysis of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Both methods indicated that there was no significant variation in fork displacement rates in CHO cells as they progressed through S phase. Asynchronous CHO cultures displayed the same average value (1.0 μm/min) and range of values as found in synchronous cells. In contrast, the rate of DNA fork displacement in HeLa cells, measured by the BrdUrd-313 nm method, increased continuously from 0.8 μm/min in early S to 2.5 μm/min in late S. For human diploid fibroblasts, in early S, the rate was approximately 0.7 μm/min and decreased to a minimum of 0.5 μm/min in mid S. The replication fork displacement rate then increased to a maximum of 0.9 μm/min in late S and declined again before the end of S phase. This pattern of DNA fork displacement rates roughly paralleled the overall thymidine incorporation rate and appears quite different from the patterns found for HeLa and CHO cells.
Conformational preferences of the aldol adducts of oxadiazinones. 1H NMR spectroscopy and computational studies of N4-methyl and N4-isopropyloxadiazinones

Abstract The conformational properties of the aldol adducts of some N 4 -isopropyl-oxadiazinones have been investigated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. An earlier study of the syn -aldol adducts of N 4 -methyl-oxadiazinone 2 led to the conclusion that the solution and solid state conformation of these compounds involve syn -parallel arrangement of the C 2 - and N 3 -carbonyls of the oxadiazinones. However, the synthesis and asymmetric aldol reactions of an N 3 -hydrocinnamoyl-N 4 -isopropyl-oxadiazinone 4 has yielded aldol adducts 5a – e in which the orientation of the C 2 - and N 3 -carbonyls are most likely in the anti -parallel arrangement. These aldol adducts have been studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and the shielding aspect observed clearly suggests the presence of the anti -parallel arrangement. The installment of a N 4 - d 6 -isopropyl group further confirmed this assertion. Computational studies support the conclusion that solution state conformation of the N 4 -methyl and N 4 -isopropyl-oxadiazinones involves anti -parallel carbonyls in contrast to the solid state evidence of the X-ray crystallographic data of oxadiazinone 2 .
MYOSITIS IN MICE FOLLOWING INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF VIRUSES OF THE MOUSE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS GROUP AND OF CERTAIN OTHER NEUROTROPIC VIRUSES

A study has been made of the local effects following intramuscular injection of various neurotropic viruses. Early massive necrosis of muscle fibers accompanied by edema and acute inflammatory reaction is produced by Jungeblut's SK virus even in low concentrations. Similar but more slowly developing lesions follow the introduction of mouse encephalomyelitis GD-VII and FA strains. Strain 4727 (TO type) produces inflammatory changes with fibrosis in the intermuscular septa and necrosis of scattered individual fibers. The relatively avirulent FV strain (TO type) was not pathogenic for skeletal muscle. The Mitchell strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus gives rise to a profuse lymphocytic and monocytic infiltration of the fat and connective tissue but does not cause necrosis of muscle fibers. No significant lesions resulted from intramuscular injection of the murine-adapted human poliomyelitis Lansing virus, the HF strain of herpes, a strain of Eastern equine encephalitis virus, or a still unidentified demyelinating mouse virus. Evidence is presented that the mouse encephalomyelitis virus GD-VII and Jungeblut's SK virus multiply locally in the injected limb. The GD-VII virus has been passed through four muscle to muscle passages and muscle lesions have been elicited at the same time. Specific and complete protection against myositis was obtained by anti-GD-VII and anti-SK rabbit sera.
Effective reflectivity and heat generation in sucrose and PMMA mixtures

Abstract Recent efforts in the construction sector to develop panels made of agricultural waste and polymer mixtures are becoming more frequent. These panels are usually developed in pursuit of low embodied energy, biodegradability and energy efficiency. PMMA's transparency and structural advantages over other thermoplastics is making this material progressively more common in facades. While advances in PMMA's recyclability are under development, the process still presents multiple challenges regarding environmental efficiency and resulting structural integrity. It is important, therefore, to establish mixtures where PMMA's structural advantages are balanced with low carbon emission substrates, such as agricultural wastes. Typically, agricultural waste in architectural panels is used for structural reinforcement (i.e. fibers). However, agro-derived materials such as sucrose have additional and/or alternative potentials in construction applications. Sucrose's unique optical properties can be implemented for light and thermal control. Additionally, since the energy losses of buildings concentrate in the envelopes another major challenge of cladding substrates pertains to how the facade material can improve energy efficiency, i.e. acting as thermal mass while providing light transmission control avoiding conditions such as glare. Facade materials that can minimize environmental impact while supporting energy savings and appropriate natural light conditions bear strong potential for advancing sustainable building technologies. This analysis provides an expression for the overall reflectivity of combinations of sucrose and PMMA, as well as, estimates of the thermal heating rate, as a function of the relative volume fractions and material properties.
Accuracy of an Unstructured-Grid Upwind-Euler Algorithm for the ONERA M6 Wing

Improved algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional, time-dependent Euler equations are presented for aerodynamic analysis involving unstructured dynamic meshes. The improvements have been developed recently to the spatial and temporal discretizations used by unstructured-grid flow solvers. The spatial discretization involves a flux-split approach that is naturally dissipative and captures shock waves sharply with at most one grid point within the shock structure. The temporal discretization involves either an explicit time-integration scheme using a multistage Runge-Kutta procedure or an implicit time-integration scheme using a Gauss-Seidel relaxation procedure, which is computationally efficient for either steady or unsteady flow problems. With the implicit Gauss-Seidel procedure, very large time steps may be used for rapid convergence to steady state, and the step size for unsteady cases may be selected for temporal accuracy rather than for numerical stability. Steady flow results are presented for both the NACA 0012 airfoil and the Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales M6 wing to demonstrate applications of the new Euler solvers. The paper presents a description of the Euler solvers along with results and comparisons that assess the capability.
Rationales, values, and DSM-IV: The case of “medication-induced movement disorders”

The DSM-IV has improved psychiatric diagnostic classification through initiating, among other things, the open disclosure of rationales for nosologic changes. It will be argued that a consideration of values is necessary in justifying nosologic changes, considerations missing from the DSM-IV rationales. In illustration of this, I examine the reasons for including the medication-induced movement disorders (MIMDs) on axis I by using a literature review, then compare the published rationales for including the MIMDs with the DSM-IV Task Force's own guidelines for including categories. Discrepancies are found between the Task Force's guidelines for including categories and the published rationales for including MIMDs. Strict adherence to the Task Force guidelines more strongly supports placing MIMDs in axis III. Discussion emphasizes the importance of value commitments in nosology development.
Adjunctive measures for control of hemorrhage in association with abdominal pregnancy

Fluoroscope-directed embolization of pelvic vessels and surgical abdominal packing were useful adjunctive therapies for uncontrollable hemorrhage in an advanced abdominal pregnancy. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by massive pulmonary emboli, prolonged ileus, pelvic cellulitis, and sensitivity to oral anticoagulation. Nonetheless, mother and infant ultimately survived in satisfactory condition.
The Deal on Testosterone Responses to Poker Competition

The following study investigated the effect of poker competition on testosterone (T) responses. Thirty-two participants played one-on-one poker in a lab on campus. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the poker games. On average, participants produced a significant increase in T during the competition, with no difference between winners and losers. This study is the first of its kind to examine T responses in a gambling competition. Possible implications for destructive gambling behaviors are discussed.
Identifying potential to acquire programming skill

Over several years, a large number of students took the same introductory programming course. The students were drawn from all academic disciplines and academic experience levels. Low correlations were found between success in the course or its evaluation components when posed against academic program, gender, or semester in school. Additionally, when the IBM Programmer's Aptitude Test was administered, the predictive value of the test was found to be low.
Granular computing: Theoretical issues in information integrations

Information Integration is a dual of granulation; in each granulation of a problem, a dual action, integration of the solutions of sub-problems is natural triggered. In this paper, some foundational issues are investigated and formalized from the view of homological algebra.
Architectures Supporting RosettaNet

RosettaNet standards are industry standards for B2B integration. Although it has been adopted by many companies in informational technology, electronic components, and semiconductor manufacturing industries, etc., there are still many questions need to be answered. The paper introduces the typical scenario and benefits of using RosettaNet standards, provides a survey on the architectures supporting RosettaNet. We also provide a comparison of these architectures, and propose an architecture supporting RosettaNet using Web services architecture.
Prostaglandin-mediated hypercalcemia in the VX2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit☆

Prostaglandin biosynthesis and metabolism were studied in the VX2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit, an animal model of prostaglandin-mediated hypercalcemia. All the identification and quantification of the prostaglandins were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The tumor incubated in vitro converted exogeneous arachidonic acid principally to PGE2. Biosynthesis from endogenous precursor lipids yields mainly PGE2 and PGF2α. The 100,000 × g supernatant fluid of the tumor did not contain any metabolizing enzymes. Significant hypercalcemia developed between the first and second week after tumor implantation. The levels of the major plasma metabolite of PGE2, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2, became elevated at one week, had risen 25-fold by the end of the second week, and at the fourth week were elevated to 256 times the pre-incubation levels. The concentration of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2α in plasma rose in parallel but to a lesser degree. 7α-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranor-prostane-1,16-dioic acid, the major urinary metabolite of the E prostaglandins, was elevated two weeks after tumor implantation and rose until the fifth week. Indomethacin treatment lowered both serum calcium and the plasma level of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2.
Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and lysophosphatidic acid distinctly regulate hepatic myofibroblast migration through focal adhesion kinase.

Abstract Although hepatic myofibroblast (HMF) migration contributes to the development of fibrosis, the mechanisms coordinating this movement are uncertain. We determined the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF) on actin polymerization, FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, and migration of cultured human HMFs. LPA (0.4–100 μM) stimulated migration, FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, and stress fiber assembly with a sigmoidal dose response. PDGF (1–250 ng/ml) stimulated migration, FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, and actin polymerization with a bell-shape dose–response characterized by a maximum at 10–25 ng/ml. Concentrations of cytochalasin D, which abolished FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, also blocked LPA- and PDGF-induced migration. A dose of 1–10 ng/ml PDGF acted synergistically with LPA (10 μM) to stimulate FAK tyrosine phosphorylation and migration, whereas higher concentrations of PDGF (100–250 ng/ml) inhibited FAK tyrosine phosphorylation and migration in response to LPA (10 μM). These data indicate that PDGF and LPA coordinately govern the migration of HMFs by differentially regulating FAK and suggest a novel model in which PDGF, acting as an amplifier/attenuator of LPA-induced signaling, facilitates HMF accumulation within injured areas of the liver.
Holomorphy of composition

Abstract In this paper we study the holomorphy, with respect to various locally convex topologies, of the composition map ϕ : (f,g) ∈ X × Y → gof E Z of holomorphic functions between Banach spaces E and F, and F and G. If X includes all the constant functions, then ϕ will not be holomorphic when Y is the space of entire functions from F to G. Positive results generally require the topology on Y to be that of uniform convergence on certain subsets of F and the topology on X to be the same type as that on Z, such as compact-open,τ σ , τ ω
A collision cross-section database of singly-charged peptide ions.

A database of ion-neutral collision cross-sections for singly-charged peptide ions is presented. The peptides included in the database were generated by enzymatic digestion of known proteins using three different enzymes, resulting in peptides that differ in terms of amino acid composition as well as N-terminal and C-terminal residues. The ion-neutral collision cross-sections were measured using ion mobility (IM) spectrometry that is directly coupled to a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. The ions were formed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ion source operated at pressures (He bath gas) of 2 to 3 torr. The majority (63%) of the peptide ion collision cross-sections correlate well with structures that are best described as charge-solvated globules, but a significant number of the peptide ions exhibit collision cross-sections that are significantly larger or smaller than the average, globular mobility-mass correlation. Of the peptide ions having larger than average collision cross-sections, ∼71% are derived from trypsin digestion (C-terminal Arg or Lys residues) and most of the peptide ions that have smaller (than globular) collision cross-sections are derived from pepsin digestion (90%).
Patterns of increased and decreased ingestive behavior after injections of lithium chloride and 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

Abstract In previous research, 750 mg/kg 2DG yielded a number of effects suggesting a postdrug nausea; and the present experiments revealed that the illness-inducing agent LiCl similarly produced taste aversion learning at 7.5 mg(kg, inhibited drinking in water-deprived animals at 30 mglkg, depressed feeding in hungry rats at 60 mglkg, and evoked food intake and pica at 120 mg/kg. The appearance of eating and pica at the same dosage suggested that rats may eat food as well as a nonnutritive substance as a species-specific reaction to illness and that postdrug feeding, including that observed after 2DG, is an insufficient condition for concluding that a treatment produces no internal distress. A liquid diet that reportedly ameliorates the glucoprivic feeding deficits produced by lateral hypothalamic and zona incerta lesions theoretically could produce its effects if lesions made rats more reactive to 2DG-induced malaise and if this diet were more palatable to animals experiencing internal distress. However, this liquid diet failed to facilitate food intake after LiCl, nor did it reduce the inhibited eating produced by LiCl in food-deprived subjects. Liquid diet effects in lesioned animals, therefore, may not be explained by factors related to a 2DG-induced malaise.
A MODEL OF SELF-THINNING THROUGH LOCAL COMPETITION

Explanations of self-thinning in plant populations have focused on plant shape and packing. A dynamic model based on the structure of local interactions successfully reproduces the pattern and can be approximated to identify key parameters and relationships. The approach generates testable new explanations for differences between species and populations, unifies self-thinning with other patterns in plant population dynamics, and indicates why organisms other than plants can follow the law.
An 225Ac/213Bi generator system for therapeutic clinical applications: construction and operation

A method for construction and operation of an 225Ac/213Bi generator capable of producing 25-100 mCi of 213Bi suitable for clinical antibody labeling is described. The generator has been designed to have an effective lifetime of several weeks, producing up to six therapeutic doses of radionuclide per day. To date, 57 clinical doses have been prepared and injected into patients using the described 213Bi generator. Factors such as radiation damage, radioprotection, iodide eluate chemistry, radiolabeling chemistry and radionuclide purity are addressed.
Illite/smectite formation and potassium mass transfer during burial diagenesis of mudrocks; a study from the Texas Gulf Coast Paleocene-Eocene

ABSTRACT Mudrock samples from a well penetrating Eocene and Paleocene strata (1235-4455 m) of the Texas Gulf Coast have been studied to assess geochemical redistribution in mudrocks during burial diagenesis, and the mechanism by which detrital smectitic illite/smectite (I/S) is transformed into diagenetic illitic I/S. Idealized smectite and illite end-member compositions for interstratified I/S are estimated to be [K0.00X+10.56Mg0.39Fe0.57Al1.13Si3.90O10(OH)2] and [K0.53X+10.18Mg0.17Fe0.16Al2.28 Si3.40O10(OH)2], respectively. There is no obvious difference in the amount of K addition to I/S in random- and ordered-interstratified I/S. Aluminum substitution into both tetrahedral and octahedral sites suggests that the smectite-to-illite reaction is a complete dissolution-precipitation reaction rather than a solid-state [K+1 + Al+3] for Si+4 substitution reaction. Depth-relat d mineral trends and mass-balance calculations suggest that illitic I/S may form from kaolinite, and possibly illite or mica, as well as from smectitic I/S. Although most whole-rock element abundances are invariant over the sampled depth interval, K2O content increases from ca. 2.0 weight percent at 1500 m of burial to ca. 3.8 weight percent at 4000 m. Some of this increase is probably caused by import of K into the shale via fluids derived from interbedded sandstones, implying that Gulf Coast mudrocks behave as open chemical systems during burial diagenesis. If this is the case, a minimum of 103 pore volumes of fluid must have passed through the most K-enriched shales to have introduced the added potassium, provided that the K content of present-day formation water is representative of that of ancient formation water.
Culturally and Linguistically Competent Public Services in an Era of English-Only Laws

The concern this study addressed centered around the challenges of delivering culturally and linguistically competent public services to limited English proficiency (LEP) persons in an era marked by growth of English-only measures in the U.S. The article argued that restrictions on public service delivery to LEP communities are laden with negative effects that include impairment of the nation's obligations in international law. It applauded the attempt, evident by Executive Order No. 13166, to address the restrictions, but assessed that order as inadequate. Suggestions for improved access to public service delivery for LEP populations contained in this article include (1) enlarging the scope of Executive Order 13166 beyond access to language services, and (2) upgrading it into an act of Congress.
Solid-state flexible micro supercapacitors by direct-write porous nanofibers

Solid-state flexible micro supercapacitors based on porous and conducting polymer nanofibers via the direct-write, near-field electrospinning process have been constructed. Testing results have shown a capacitance of 0.3mF/cm2, 30X larger as compared with those of flat electrodes. Key innovations of this work include: (1) densely-packed, porous 3D nanostructures with conductive nanofibers via the near-field electrospinning process; (2) flexible solid-state micro electrodes with high energy density using the pseudocapacitive effect; and (3) simple yet versatile manufacturing process compatible with various substrates and surfaces. As such, this technology is readily available to make practical MEMS energy storage devices.
Class Dismissed: Why We Cannot Teach or Learn Our Way Out of Inequality

John Marsh, Class Dismissed: Why We Cannot Teach or Learn Our Way Out of Inequality (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2011) The financial crisis of late 2007 and its aftermath highlighted the scourg...
Inductive power transfer for electric vehicles: Potential benefits for the distribution grid

It is believed that the latest advances in battery and converter technology, along with government mandates on energy independence and resilience, will pave the way for higher deployment of electric vehicles in the transportation fleet. These vehicles, when equipped with bidirectional energy transfer capabilities, can function as mobile energy resources and be utilized in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) scheme to temporarily inject energy back into the power grid. The forecasted increase in the number of these vehicles can turn them into a considerable energy resource to be used by the utilities as ancillary services or even for long-term integration with the grid. The energy injection into the power system by electric vehicles has been investigated in the literature for charging stations or single residential charging devices. The need for the vehicle to be stationary during the transfer, and the possible drive and/or change in the driving route in order to go the station are some of the hurdles that may lead to inconvenience and hence lower V2G participation by the vehicle drivers. Moreover, the need for an electrical connection between the vehicle and the station makes implementing remote supervisory control schemes difficult, if not impractical. However, with the advent of inductive charging systems for contactless transfer of energy, new horizons have been opened for seamless integration of these resources of energy into the distribution grid. This paper focuses on the applications of inductive power transfer systems for V2G purposes in the modern distribution grid. It will be shown here that such a scheme could potentially allow for supervisory control and management of the mobile energy resources with the ultimate goal of improving the reliability and security of the power grid without the need for capacity expansion.
Load-Balanced Routing in Counter Rotated SONET Rings

Load-balanced routing in SONET rings has attracted much attention recently. Most prior works modeled the SONET rings as undirected rings and the traffic as undirected chords. While this model fits well to the traditional telephony applications, it is inefficient for the explosive Internet traffic and multimedia data communications, which exhibit an unidirectional and asymmetric nature. For these applications, it is proper to model the SONET rings as a pair of counter rotated rings and the traffic as directed chords. In this paper, we first explore general flow properties in counter rotated rings and then introduce flow rounding and unsplitting techniques. Afterward, an optimal integral routing algorithm is provided. Finally, we show the NP-completeness of optimal unsplit routing and present several polynomial-time approximation algorithms.
Orofacial involvement in multiple sclerosis

SUMMARY Seventy-six patients with multiple sclerosis were questioned as to the occurrence of orofacia1 symptomS. A total of 52 patients (68.4%) reported a positive history after the onset of their neurologic condition, and 5 (6.6%) listed an orofacial symptom as an initial symptom. Dental treatment did not appear to be a precipitating factor in either the onset or exacerbation of MS.
Carbonic anhydrase gating of attention: memory therapy and enhancement

Enhancement of memory acquisition and recall represents an important pharmacological goal in the treatment of cognitive disorders. In addition to its involvement in pH regulation, HCO3- reabsorption and CO2 expiration, carbonic anhydrase plays a crucial role in signal processing, long-term synaptic transformation and attentional gating of memory storage. Carbonic anhydrase dysfunction impairs cognition and is associated with mental retardation, Alzheimer's disease and aging. The pharmacological profile of carbonic anhydrase has been refined and specific activators have been developed. In this article, an integrated view of the involvement of carbonic anhydrase activity in synaptic plasticity and cognition will be presented, with particular focus on attentional gating of spatial learning and memory.
Cluster constraints on f (R) gravity

Modified gravitational forces in models that seek to explain cosmic acceleration without dark energy typically predict deviations in the abundance of massive dark matter halos. We conduct the first, simulation calibrated, cluster abundance constraints on a modified gravity model, specifically the modified action f(R) model. The local cluster abundance, when combined with geometric and high redshift data from the cosmic microwave background, supernovae, H0 and baryon acoustic oscillations, improve previous constraints by nearly 4 orders of magnitude in the field amplitude. These limits correspond to a 2 order of magnitude improvement in the bounds on the range of the force modification from the several Gpc scale to the tens of Mpc scale.
The Application of an Implicit Enumeration Algorithm to the School Desegregation Problem

This paper presents an implicit enumeration algorithm for redrawing school attendance boundaries in order to meet integration requirements. The basis of the approach is the division of the city into smaller areas or zones corresponding to neighborhoods. These zones are assigned to schools with the objective of minimizing the required bussing while meeting the school capacity and racial mix constraints. An entire zone is assigned to one school, thus preserving the neighborhood school concept. Viewing the possible zone-school assignments as a combinatorial problem, a general enumerative procedure is combined with probability theory to form the implicit enumeration algorithm. An explanation of the algorithm along with computational results of an application of the method to an existing school system is presented.
Internal energy deposition and ion fragmentation in atmospheric-pressure mid-infrared laser ablation electrospray ionization

Mid-infrared laser ablation of water-rich targets at the maximum of the 2.94 μm absorption band is a two-step process initiated by phase explosion followed by recoil pressure induced material ejection. Particulates and/or droplets ejected by this high temperature high pressure process can be ionized for mass spectrometry by charged droplets from an electrospray. In order to gauge the internal energy introduced in this laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI®) process, we apply the survival yield method and compare the results with electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). The results indicate that LAESI yields ions with internal energies indistinguishable from those produced by ESI. This finding is consistent with the recoil pressure induced ejection of low micrometre droplets that does not significantly change the internal energy of solute molecules.
Organ preservation with radiotherapy for T1-T2 carcinoma of the pyriform sinus

Purpose To report long-term results using radiotherapy with or without a planned neck dissection for T1-T2 carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. Methods An analysis of 101 patients treated at the University of Florida with RT with or without a planned neck dissection for organ preservation. Results The 5-year local control rates after RT were 90% for T1 cancers and 80% for T2 lesions. The only parameter that significantly influenced local control in univariate analyses was apex involvement for T1 tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed no parameter that significantly affected local control. Cause-specific survival rates at 5 years were as follows: stage I-II, 96%; stage III, 62%; stage IVA, 49%; and stage IVB, 33%. The absolute survival rates were as follows: stage I, 57%; stage II, 61%; stage III, 41%; stage IVA, 29%; and stage IVB, 25%. Moderate to severe long-term complications developed in 12% of patients. Conclusions RT alone or combined with a planned neck dissection resulted in local control with larynx preservation in a high proportion of patients. The chance of cure is comparable to that observed after conservation surgery, and the risk of major complications is lower. The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy is unlikely to improve the probability of organ preservation, but might improve locoregional control for patients with advanced nodal disease. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 353–362, 2001.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Solvent-Enhanced Dye Diffusion In Polymer Films

One promising method to pattern full color polymer Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) displays is to print dye from a pre-patterned organic film onto a spin-cast polymer and then diffuse the dye into the film at room temperature in a solvent vapor environment. This method utilizes the well-known tendency for a polymer film to absorb solvent vapor, which depresses the glass transition temperature of the polymer and dramatically increases diffusion of the dye. In this work, we have studied the temperature dependence of this process. The dye coumarin 6 (C6) was transferred onto films consisting of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) mixed with the polymer poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). Samples were then placed on a heated stage in a chamber and exposed to acetone vapor to diffuse the C6 into the polymer film. The profile of the diffused dye was determined by depthdependent photoluminescence measurements and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy. We observed that the amount of diffused dye decreased at higher temperatures, in contrast to conventional thermally-driven diffusion. The results are understood by noting that the decrease in the polymer glass-transition temperature and the corresponding rapid increase in dye diffusivity depend on the quantity of solvent absorbed by the polymer, which decreases as the temperature of the polymer is raised.
A suite of prey traits determine predator and nutrient enrichment effects in a tri-trophic food chain

Predation, predation risk, and resource quality affect suites of prey traits that collectively impact individual fitness, population dynamics, and community structure. However, studies of multi-trophic level effects generally focus on a single prey trait, failing to capture trade-offs among suites of covarying traits that govern population responses and emergent community patterns. We used structural equation models (SEM) to summarize the non-lethal and lethal effects of crayfish, Procambarus fallax, and phosphorus (P) addition, which affected prey food quality (periphyton), on the interactive effects of behavioral, morphological, developmental, and reproductive traits of snails, Planorbella duryi. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested trade-offs between production (growth, reproduction) and defense (foraging behavior, shell shape) traits of snails in response to non-lethal crayfish and P addition, but few lethal effects. SEM revealed that non-lethal crayfish effects indirectly limited per capita offspring standing stock by increasing refuge use, slowing individual growth, and inducing snails to produce thicker, compressed shells. The negative effects of non-lethal crayfish on snails were strongest with P addition; snails increased allocation to shell defense rather than growth or reproduction. However, compared to ambient conditions, P addition with non-lethal crayfish still yielded greater per capita offspring standing stock by speeding individual snail growth enabling them to produce more offspring that also grew faster. Increased refuge use in response to non-lethal crayfish led to a non-lethal trophic cascade that altered the spatial distribution of periphyton. Independent of crayfish effects, snails stimulated periphyton growth through nutrient regeneration. These findings illustrate the importance of studying suites of traits that reveal costs associated with inducing different traits and how expressing those traits impacts population and community level processes.