cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grotto Water and Potato Chips: Turnerian Ethnographic Performance as Pedagogical Resistance

Michelle Johnson participated in her first ethnographic performance as an undergraduate, an experience that shaped her as a teacher-scholar. A decade later as a professor, she incorporated Turnerian ethnographic performances in her own courses. Theory in Anthropology students perform the Victor Turner Memorial Sacrifice, a West African-style sacrifice in honor of Victor and Edith Turner and Anthropology of Religion students perform pilgrimage at the National Shrine Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes. Johnson considers what Turnerian ethnographic performances in and beyond the classroom teach students about religion and ritual specifically, and about life and learning more generally. A form of pedagogical resistance, ethnographic performances destabilize the centrality of the text, engage the body and senses, and disrupt normative structures of knowledge and power. In so doing, they honor the people with whom anthropologists work, for whom embodied, experiential ways of knowing and learning are the norm rather than the exception.
Localization in an Echoic Environment

The effects of echoes on azimuthal discrimination and localization in the lateral plane were studied using single wide band clicks. Over much of the frontal quadrant, echoes decreased discrimination by no more than a factor of 2, though effects were greater near the aural axis. In general, localizations were of perceptually fused images closer to the source than the echo, but for large echo delays, the image sometimes broke into parts.
Investigation on ESD failures of RF IC

During the qualify stage, the yield of flip chip RF IC with multiple input and output ports was low. It is confirmed that the failure was related to RF items according to ATE test. Electrical Failure Analysis (EFA) and Physical Failure Analysis (PFA) of the failed units show that there were hot spots or breakdown damage in the NMOS within RF region . Based on a series of ESD simulation, over-voltage risk of NMOS under static-electricity was found. The following ESD test also verified the result. It is believed that the design of ESD protective circuit cannot meet the specification requirements.Removing the diode of a certain layer of ESD circuit and adding clamping circuit were needed. Meanwhile, anti-static measurements in assembly house and ATE test lab should be enhanced.
Resonance tuning in vocal tract acoustics from modal perturbation analysis instead of nonlinear radiation pressure

Abstract The analysis of planar wave resonances in ducts of variable cross-section is of importance in many areas of acoustics such as horn theory, the design of musical instruments or the numerical generation of voice. An interesting problem is that of modifying the tube geometry and physical parameters to move its resonances to desired target values. In vowel production, for instance, one can properly adjust the length, cross-sectional area and wall admittance of the vocal tract (VT) to change the frequency of a resonance or to bring together or set apart a group of them for achieving some natural voice effects. An optimization strategy can be implemented to that purpose, which induces small sequential variations of the VT parameters according to sensitivity functions, until one obtains the desired resonance values. The sensitivity functions are usually derived from the work done by variations in the non-linear radiation pressure within the duct. In this paper we will show that, elegant as it may be, there is in fact no need of non-linear phenomena to determine appropriate sensitivity functions. These can readily be obtained from first order modal perturbation analysis. To demonstrate that, we transform the three-dimensional (3D) problem of voice generation into a one-dimensional one (1D), driven by a Webster-type equation. Despite of the latter being 1D, we discretize it using the finite element method (FEM) to benefit from its weak formulation to deduce expressions for the sensitivity functions. The latter are recovered from a perturbation modal analysis of the discrete Webster equation for VT area, length and wall admittance variations. Several examples concerning vowel to vowel transformations are presented to illustrate the potential and limitations of the method. The herein proposed 1D approach for resonance tuning could be easily coupled to 3D FEM codes for expressive vowel production in the future.
On-the-Job Treatment of Employees With Disabilities: A Grounded Theory Investigation:

Workplace mistreatment is common for workers with and without disabilities. Overt forms of mistreatment in the workplace (e.g., abuse, bullying, harassment) have been well studied; however, less is...
The Ethics of Maintenance of Certification in Dermatology

This chapter explores the ever-controversial topic of maintenance of certification (MOC) in dermatology. Criticism of MOC is based on utilitarian reasoning. It focuses on policy that allows late-career physicians to opt out of the program, redundancy with other professional education programs, irrelevancy to those with restricted scopes of practice, and limited cost-effectiveness, particularly in terms of improved patient outcomes. Supporters of MOC highlight the crucial role it plays in the professional duties of life-long learning and self-regulation. The American Board of Medical Specialties has recommended a series of reforms to MOC to maximize benefits and limit burdens associated with the program.
Consumer preferences of top-rated over-the-counter acne treatment products: a cohort study.

Over 70% of patients with acne vulgaris wait at least 1 year before seeing a dermatologist and instead use over-the-counter (OTC) acne treatments. This study determined the association between product characteristics (ingredients, vehicles, and marketing claims) and consumer-reported positive and negative features of top-rated acne OTCs. This cohort study evaluated the top 1% of acne OTCs across the five largest online retailers. Products were analyzed for product characteristics and consumer-reported features. Artificial intelligence data scraper software was utilized to collect reviews, and a natural language processing algorithm was used to tag key phrases within reviews and categorize them based on characteristics and sentiment (positive or negative). An inter-rater reliability test compared reliability of results between a human rater and the software. In this cohort of 149 products, the most frequent ingredients were salicylic acid (33.6%) and benzoyl peroxide (19.5%). Over one-third of top-selling products contained solely “natural” ingredients. Product ingredients, over product vehicle, price, marketing claims, or packaging, were most associated with consumer-reported product effects. Products with active ingredients were reported more frequently as effective in treating acne (p < 0.001) and with side effects, such as erythema (p = 0.054) and hypersensitivity reactions (p = 0.0016). Products with “natural” ingredients were associated with improving skin texture (p = 0.008) and application ease (p = 0.04). Product ingredients, over vehicle, price, marketing claims, and packaging were the greatest indicator of a consumer’s experience with acne OTCs. Given the wide array of and heavy reliance on OTCs to treat acne, information on product experience inform dermatologists on consumer preferences.
Comments on the Spectra of Halogens and Halogen Complexes in Solution

The halogen molecules Cl2, Br2, and I2 are non-polar and like N2 should exhibit collision-induced spectra. In addition, when the halogen molecules are dissolved in certain solvents, molecular complexes with the solvent molecules are formed that may involve charge transfer. Vallauri (1985) has reviewed the results of computer simulation studies of the induced light scattering (superimposed on an allowed spectrum) and induced infrared absorption in liquid Cl2. Oxtoby (1985) has presented an initial approach to a theory of spectral shape which encompasses induced absorption by the halogen molecules and absorption arising from a charge transfer complex. However, there is a background of experimental work on the spectra of the halogen molecules and their solutions, which while not discussed in these articles, may be of interest to readers of this volume.
Structural Decomposition Approach to Design of Robust Decentralized Controllers for Large Scale Systems

This paper describes an integrated methodology for determining a decentralized control structure for LSS with corresponding low-order controllers. Structural decomposition is based on the use of the Generalized Hessenberg Representation (GHR). Controller design is accomplished by utilizing frequency weighting in the performance criterion, together with projective controls. The methodology is illustrated by a case study of a 40th-order space structure model.
An Attempt at Blocking of Position Learning by Training with Reward-Memory Associations

Rats were runway trained with sequences of rewards that changed in 3 phases. In Phase 1 (24 days), the sequences were NP', SNP', and P'SNP' (n = 3) , or NS', PNS', and S'PNS', where P and P' refer to 4 and 8 plain Noyes pellets, and Sand S' are 4 and 8 sucrose pellets. N was a 30-s confinement in the goal without reward. In Phase 2 (14 days) the animals were trained either SNP' or PNS' depending upon compatibility with the Phase 1 training series. A test for control of performance by reward-memory associations or position associations occurred in Phase 3 (2 days). The test series was a transfer NNN. Controls were not trained in Phase 1, but received training in Phase 2 (24 days) with either SNP' (n = 3) or PNS' (n = 3). In Phases 1 and 2, responding was slower on N trials than on rewarded trials. In Phase 3 controls responded slower on the second trial of NNN than on the initial or final trials. The animals trained in all 3 phases showed either the same pattern as the controls in the NNN test (n = 4) or approached all 3 NNN trials rapidly (n = 2). The findings illustrate the difficulty of blocking position learning by training with reward-memory associations.
Six observations consistent with the electron neutrino being a m2=-0.11±0.02eV2 tachyon

Abstract Six observations involving cosmology, particle physics and cosmic rays are consistent with the hypothesis that the electron neutrino is a m ν , e 2 = - 0.11 ± 0.02 eV 2 tachyon. The observations consist of interpretations of published primary data and fits to those data, and in each case it is possible to compute a value for m ν , e 2 . It is found that the six values are remarkably consistent with the above cited ν e mass ( χ 2 = 2.73 ) .
The Cause-specific Prevalence of Visual Impairment in an Urban Population: The Baltimore Eye Survey

Background: Whereas population-based data on the causes of bilateral blindness have been reported, little information is available on the distribution of causes of central vision loss less severe than the criteria used to define legal blindness. This visual impairment is responsible for a high proportion of eye care service use and results in important reductions in functional status. Methods: Data from the Baltimore Eye Survey were used to estimate the causespecific prevalence of visual impairment (best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 but better than 20/200) among black and white residents of east Baltimore who were 40 years of age or older. Eligible subjects underwent a screening examination at a neighborhood location and, for those whose best-corrected visual acuity was less than 20/30, a definitive ophthalmologic examination at the Wilmer Eye Institute. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment was 2.7% in whites and 3.3% in blacks; the age-adjusted relative prevalence (B/W) was 1.75 ( P = 0.01). The leading causes of visual impaired eyes were cataract (35.8%), age-related macular degeneration (14.2%), diabetic retinopathy (6.6%), glaucoma (4.7%), and other retinal disorders (7.3%). Cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma were more common as a cause of visual impairment among blacks, whereas macular degeneration was more frequent among whites. More than 50% of all subjects had the potential for improvement in vision with appropriate surgical intervention. Conclusion: Visual impairment is a prevalent condition among inner city adults 40 years of age or older. The distribution of causes suggests that improvements in the visual health of the population could be achieved with more effective delivery of efficacious ophthalmologic care.
p63 and p73: p53 mimics, menaces and more

Inactivation of the tumour suppressor p53 is the most common defect in cancer cells. The discovery of its two close relatives, p63 and p73, was therefore both provocative and confounding. Were these new genes tumour suppressors, p53 regulators, or evolutionary spin-offs? Both oncogenic and tumour-suppressor properties have now been attributed to the p53 homologues, perhaps reflecting the complex, often contradictory, protein products encoded by these genes. p63 and p73 are further implicated in many p53-independent pathways, including stem-cell regeneration, neurogenesis and sensory processes.
The Impact of Recent Civil Rights Laws

THIS PAPER EXAMINES changes in employment, earnings, and income for Non-whites relative to Whites in the North and South during the decade 1960-70 (1). In another paper, this author reviewed the racial structuring of employment across the major occupations for the North and South for the period 1940-1960 (2). It was concluded that some modest progress toward racial equality in employment had been made in the North but that little or no progress toward eliminating the racial stratification of employment had been made in the South. However, civil rights did not become a major national issue and receive national legislative attention until the late 1950s. The purpose of this paper is to see if any fundamental relative improvement in Nonwhite employment structure, earnings, and income has accompanied these legislative attempts at establishing equality.
Stripes Have Hair

It is suggested that recent experiments provide evidence for modulations along the charged stripes in the striped phase of the cuprates. Furthermore, 1/8 doping is special because it is associated with a crossover: for lower doping the magnetic stripe width changes; for higher, the hole-doped stripes grow. The crossover is reflected in the doping dependence of the spin gap.
Gene Inactivation Strategies: An Update

The ability to manipulate gene expression levels has been essential to the study of gene function and biological processes. Classically, whole body deletions of genes were generated via homologous recombination. Over the past two decades, the development of Cre-Lox and flippase/flippase recombinase target based gene inactivation technologies allowed researchers to closely regulate the location and timing of gene expression. However, these methods are costly and time consuming. The last few years have seen a revolution in the approaches scientists use to inactivate gene expression, such as the development of highly efficient ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) delivery systems and the groundbreaking genome editing technologies. Here, the authors describe the recent updates on small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vivo delivery as well as the methodologies and applications of zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Equipped with these powerful tools, scientists can now rapidly modulate the expression of genes of interest and precisely modify the genomic sequences in virtually any organisms. Key Concepts: RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous post-transcriptional gene-regulatory mechanism mediated by noncoding RNA molecules to regulate gene expression. Chemical modification on siRNA reduces off-target effect, improves RNAi efficiency and enhances the stability of siRNA for in vivo applications. Genome editing is a genetic approach used to directly manipulate an organism's genome by inserting, replacing, or removing DNA sequences. Engineered nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system enable targeted genetic modifications in cells, tissues and organisms. Keywords: gene inactivation; RNAi; siRNA delivery; genome editing; programmable nucleases; ZFN; TALEN; CRISPR
Ocean Freshening, Sea Level Rising

Global sea levels have been rising over the past century. It remains hotly debated, however, how fast this rise has been and which of the two causes--expansion of ocean waters due to warming, or freshwater input from the continents-has dominated. In his Perspective, [Munk][1] argues that a recent survey of global ocean salinity may point to a dominant contribution from freshwater input. He cautions, however, that uncertainties in sea ice melting rates and possible biases in tide gage data do not yet allow a definitive answer. Even with global satellite coverage, several decades of data will be required for good estimates of the role of global warming in sea level rise. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/300/5628/2041
The Marine Mammal Protection Act at 40: status, recovery, and future of U.S. marine mammals

Passed in 1972, the Marine Mammal Protection Act has two fundamental objectives: to maintain U.S. marine mammal stocks at their optimum sustainable populations and to uphold their ecological role in the ocean. The current status of many marine mammal populations is considerably better than in 1972. Take reduction plans have been largely successful in reducing direct fisheries bycatch, although they have not been prepared for all at-risk stocks, and fisheries continue to place marine mammals as risk. Information on population trends is unknown for most (71%) stocks; more stocks with known trends are improving than declining: 19% increasing, 5% stable, and 5% decreasing. Challenges remain, however, and the act has generally been ineffective in treating indirect impacts, such as noise, disease, and prey depletion. Existing conservation measures have not protected large whales from fisheries interactions or ship strikes in the northwestern Atlantic. Despite these limitations, marine mammals within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone appear to be faring better than those outside, with fewer species in at-risk categories and more of least concern.
Feature-Based Geometric Modeling Approach to Surface Micromachined MEMS

Geometric modeling is an important aspect of MEMS design. It not only creates geometric models for visual evaluation, but also supplies input for device performance analysis. This paper focuses on developing a feature-based geometric design methodology that enables designers to create fabrication-ready 3D models of MEMS devices without concerning the mask layout. Compared with the present geometric design routine, which builds 3D device models through simulating the fabrication process from the photolithography masks, the function-oriented geometric design method allows designers to establish 3D models by using a set of pre-defined volumetric primitives associated with geometric constraints. The fabrication information is derived from the corresponding function-oriented data specified by designers. Hence, designers are released from the down-stream fabrication planning, and can focus on creative design. This research is the application of feature modeling and constraint-based design to the micro world. The workbench of this system is developed on the geometric model kernel ACIS.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The complexity of some reachability problems for a system on a finite group

Abstract We consider a system defined as the product of a finite set of periodic systems on cyclic groups. It is of interest to determine if certain subgroups and unions of subgroups of the state set are reachable from a specified initial state, and in particular to determine the computational complexity of verifying such reachability. These questions are motivated by certain problems that arise in the modelling and control of discrete event systems and certain forms of periodic scheduling. Our main result is that deciding whether or not the union of a certain set of subgroups is reachable or not is NP-complete.
Braided surfaces and seifert ribbons for closed braids

Apositive band in the braid groupB n is a conjugate of one of the standard generators; a negative band is the inverse of a positive band. Using the geometry of the configuration space, a theory of bands andbraided surfaces is developed. Each representation of a braid as a product of bands yields a handle decomposition of aSeifert ribbon bounded by the corresponding closed braid; and up to isotopy all Seifert ribbons occur in this manner. Thus,band representations provide a convenient calculus for the study of ribbon surfaces. For instance, from a band representation, a Wirtinger presentation of the fundamental group of the complement of the associated Seifert ribbon inD 4 can be immediately read off, and we recover a result of T. Yajima (and D. Johnson) that every Wirtinger-presentable group appears as such a fundamental group. In fact, we show that every such group is the fundamental group of a Stein manifold, and so that there are finite homotopy types among the Stein manifolds which cannot (by work of Morgan) be realized as smooth affine algebraic varieties.
Sub-lethal effects of pesticide residues in brood comb on worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) development and longevity.

Background Numerous surveys reveal high levels of pesticide residue contamination in honey bee comb. We conducted studies to examine possible direct and indirect effects of pesticide exposure from contaminated brood comb on developing worker bees and adult worker lifespan. Methodology/Principal Findings Worker bees were reared in brood comb containing high levels of known pesticide residues (treatment) or in relatively uncontaminated brood comb (control). Delayed development was observed in bees reared in treatment combs containing high levels of pesticides particularly in the early stages (day 4 and 8) of worker bee development. Adult longevity was reduced by 4 days in bees exposed to pesticide residues in contaminated brood comb during development. Pesticide residue migration from comb containing high pesticide residues caused contamination of control comb after multiple brood cycles and provided insight on how quickly residues move through wax. Higher brood mortality and delayed adult emergence occurred after multiple brood cycles in contaminated control combs. In contrast, survivability increased in bees reared in treatment comb after multiple brood cycles when pesticide residues had been reduced in treatment combs due to residue migration into uncontaminated control combs, supporting comb replacement efforts. Chemical analysis after the experiment confirmed the migration of pesticide residues from treatment combs into previously uncontaminated control comb. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first to demonstrate sub-lethal effects on worker honey bees from pesticide residue exposure from contaminated brood comb. Sub-lethal effects, including delayed larval development and adult emergence or shortened adult longevity, can have indirect effects on the colony such as premature shifts in hive roles and foraging activity. In addition, longer development time for bees may provide a reproductive advantage for parasitic Varroa destructor mites. The impact of delayed development in bees on Varroa mite fecundity should be examined further.
Wavelet packet matching pursuits approach to waveform design

Conventional radars and communications systems employ waveforms with a set of bandwidth constraints for a given application. Unfortunately, for many applications, such generic waveforms do not employ the optimal use of bandwidth or energy to accomplish the mission of the user due to electromagnetic clutter and noise. We therefore suggest an alternate approach that uses a matching pursuits algorithm in conjunction with two types of detection statistics to design the optimal waveform for the application. We then will demonstrate how this approach can maximize the matched filter detection performance and band-width allocation in a radar and communications example with a high interference environment.
The interaction of C2Cl4 with fe(110)

Quantitative adsorption studies, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Auger spectroscopy have been used to study the interaction of C2Cl4 with Fe(110) at 90 and 325 K. At 90 K, multilayer C2Cl4 adsorption occurs. The following desorption products are observed in the temperature range of 90–1050 K: C2Cl4 from the multilayer and the monolayer, FeCl2, and a high mass iron chloride species with mass spectrometer cracking products FeCl+2, FeCl+, and Fe+. Irreversible dissociative C2Cl4 adsorption occurs at 325 K and the only desorption product which is observed is the high mass iron chloride species. Auger spectroscopy shows that surface carbon from C2Cl4 starts to diffuse into the bulk of the crystal at ~ 480 K while small coverages of chlorine remain on the surface of the crystal even after heating to 1050 K. Comparison of the behavior of C2Cl4 and CCl4 on Fe(110) indicates that radical products (·CCl3 and :CCl2) observed to be produced from CCl4 adsorption are not produced from C2Cl4 adsorption. This difference is probably due to the enhanced surface reactivity of the CC bond in C2Cl4. A special reactivity of iron defect sites for C2Cl4 is observed through the production of associated FeCl2 species which desorb via zero-order kinetics with an activation energy of 44.8 ± 8.5 kcal/mol, the sublimation enthalpy of FeCl2.
Assessing independent and interactive effects of behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for a client with dual diagnoses

Abstract Behavior analytic methods were applied to the assessment and treatment of the problem behaviors of an 8-year-old male classified as having moderate mental retardation and atypical psychosis. Functional assessment procedures demonstrated that verbal behaviors diagnosed as hallucinatory were affected by environmental contingencies. Next, a multi- element/multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of contingency management and pharmacologic interventions on three dependent variables: (1) psychotic speech; (2) aggressive-disruptive behavior; and (3) appropriate speech. Results indicated that contingency management without haloperidol was the most effective treatment for all inappropriate and appropriate behaviors. These results are important in that behavior analytic methods were shown to have utility for: (1) assessing the functional relationship between environmental contingencies and behaviors related to differential diagnosis; and (2) evaluating the independent and interactive effects of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments.
Bone cell–material interactions on metal-ion doped polarized hydroxyapatite

Abstract The objective of this work is to study the influence of Mg2+ and Sr2+ dopants on in vitro bone cell–material interactions of electrically polarized hydroxyapatite [HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] ceramics with an aim to achieve additional advantage of matching bone chemistry along with the original benefits of electrical polarization treatment relevant to biomedical applications. To achieve our research objective, commercial phase pure HAp has been doped with MgO, and SrO in single, and binary compositions. All samples have been sintered at 1200 °C for 2 h and subsequently polarized using an external d.c. field (2.0 kV/cm) at 400 °C for 1 h. Combined addition of 1 wt.% MgO/1 wt.% SrO in HAp has been most beneficial in enhancing the polarizability in which stored charge was 4.19 μC/cm2 compared to pure HAp of 2.23 μC/cm2. Bone cell–material interaction has been studied by culturing with human fetal osteoblast cells (hFOB) for a maximum of 7 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of cell morphology reveal that favorable surface properties and dopant chemistry lead to good cellular adherence and spreading on negatively charged surfaces of both Sr2+ and Mg2+ doped HAp samples over undoped HAp. MTT assay results at 7 days show the highest viable cell densities on the negatively charged surfaces of binary doped HAp samples, while positive charged doped HAp surfaces exhibit limited cellular growth in comparison to neutral surfaces.
Reconstruction of the Hubble Space Telescope mirror figure from out-of-focus stellar images

Both the amplitude and the phase of the incoming wave front viewed from the focal plane are reconstructed from the illumination recorded in defocused stellar images taken in flight by the HST. The reconstructed wavefront surface shows very little aberration. Compared to geometrical optics methods, the technique produces high spatial resolution wavefront maps with images taken closer to the telescope's focal plane. For the HST, the quality of the wavefront reconstruction is limited by the telescope jitter. The technique cannot be applied to ground-based telescopes at optical wavelength where the image is heavily blurred by the atmosphere. It is argued to be promising as a diagnostic tool for optical telescopes in space.
WritingResearchWriting: The Semantic Web and the Future of the Research Project

Abstract In this essay, I explore one advancement in particular—the Semantic Web—and discuss ways in which it stands to change students’ interaction with information in digital spaces, and how new forms of interaction could impact the teaching of writing. I go back to the earliest days of the Web in order to remind readers how information retrieval has evolved in the digital age. I also provide a general discussion of the vision, current state, and possible futures of the Semantic Web, and I focus on how the Semantic Web might alter the research process and, more importantly, the research-writing relationship. I also offer suggestions for teaching composition in advance of and for the Semantic Web. Although the Semantic Web is still several years off, I contend that research and writing will merge into a single process, thus presenting new opportunities for the teaching of writing then and, perhaps more importantly, now. These opportunities include helping students to identify the challenges of information retrieval and overload, to see research as more about establishing links and connections between information sources and less about finding the “right” sources, and to write for the Semantic Web—and, in doing so, teach students that researching and writing are inseparable.
NADPH- and hydroperoxide-supported 17β-estradiol hydroxylation catalyzed by a variant form (432L, 453S) of human cytochrome P450 1B1

Abstract Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes the hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) at C-4, with a lesser activity at C-2. The E 2 4-hydroxylase activity of human CYP1B1 was first observed in studies of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products revealed that CYP1B1 expressed in MCF-7 cells was not the previously characterized enzyme but a polymorphic form with leucine substituted for valine at position 432 and serine substituted for asparagine at position 453. To investigate the NADPH- and organic hydroperoxide-supported E 2 hydroxylase activities of the 432L, 453S form of human CYP1B1, the MCF-7 CYP1B1 cDNA was cloned and the enzyme was expressed in Sf 9 insect cells. In microsomal assays supplemented with human NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, the expressed 432L, 453S form catalyzed NADPH-supported E 2 hydroxylation with a similar preference for 4-hydroxylation as the 432V, 453N form, with maximal rates of 1.97 and 0.37 nmol (min) −1 (nmol cytochrome P450) −1 for 4- and 2-hydroxylation, respectively. Cumeme hydroperoxide efficiently supported E 2 hydroxylation by both the 432V, 453N and 432L, 453S forms at several-fold higher rates than the NADPH-supported activities and with a lesser preference for E 2 4- versus 2-hydroxylation (2:1). The hydroperoxide-supported activities of both forms were potently inhibited by the CYP1B1 inhibitor, 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl. These results indicate that the 432V, 453N and 432L, 453S forms of CYP1B1 have similar catalytic properties for E 2 hydroxylation, and that human CYP1B1 is very efficient in catalyzing the hydroperoxide-dependent formation of catecholestrogens.
Is protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) involved in vasopressin‐induced effects on LLC‐PK1 pig kidney cells?

The involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in vasopressin-induced effects on renal water reabsorption is still unresolved. Activation of PKC can be detected by its translocation from the cytosol (C) to the plasma membrane (PM). In LLC-PK1 cells, the redistribution of PKC alpha, a predominant isoform of PKC detected, was studied utilizing western blotting after stimulation with vasopressin. Vasopressin (100 mU/ml) failed to induce a translocation of PKC alpha from the C to the PM. By contrast, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 200 nM), a potent activator of PKC, induced a relocalization of PKC alpha from the C to the PM. After 2 hours of treatment of cells with PMA, PKC alpha was predominantly detected in the PM and absent from the C. These results suggest that the signal transduction pathway of vasopressin in LLC-PK1 cells does not involve PKC alpha activation and translocation.
Library Involvement in Faculty Publication Funds

A faculty publication fund is a fairly new concept in scholarly communication, and academic institutions are experimenting with different models for the administration of funds designed to assist faculty who face prohibitive journal publication charges. Findings are reported from a survey-based, qualitative study of small and medium-sized academic libraries involved with open access faculty publication funds. The survey results and a case study of one library's involvement in fund development are considered in light of the broader research questions: How are libraries engaging as facilitators of scholarly publishing, and what successes and challenges are they facing in this new role?
Field-induced space charge limited current flow in disordered ultrathin films

Slow, nonexponential relaxation of electrical transport accompanied by memory effects can be induced in quench-condensed ultrathin amorphous Bi films by the application of a parallel magnetic field. This behavior, which appears to be a form of space charge limited current flow, is found in extremely thin films on the insulating side of the superconductor–insulator transition. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative localization of Na-K pump site in frog inner ear dark cells

Abstract The Na-K pump site distribution within the dark cells of the frog inner ear was examined with quantitative freeze-dry [ 3 H]ouabain autoradiography. Control experiments revealed that ouabain binding was specific. Na-K pumps were located in the basolateral dark cell plasma membrane and were distributed nonuniformly across the epithelial apical-basal axis. The highest concentration (sites per volume) was found over the basal region and the lowest over the apical region. The average pump site concentration for dark cells from four animals was 25 × 10 3 sites/ μm 3 . Stereological analysis of conventionally fixed tissue revealed that the plasma membrane area per volume ( S v ) was also nonuniform across the apical-basal axis with the highest surface to volume ratio in the basal region. The average S v for two dark cell regions was 5.5 μm 2 /μm 3 . Combination of autoradiography and stereology revealed that the pump site density (sites per membrane area) was independent of position along the apical-basal axis and was equal to 4500 ± 25%, a value close to the upper limit as determined by the diameter of the isolated Na-K-ATPase.
Event-based use conditions method for thermo-mechanical reliability risk assessment

The traditional approach of thermo-mechanical (T-M) reliability modeling is based on power cycle events. This approach is not useful for products which are rarely powered down, because power cycles alone do not capture all the reliability stress from temperature variation over these products' use life. This paper describes a methodology to determine the temperature cycle requirements for products like smartphones and tablets which accounts for the temperature variation associated with usage events, which we call “mini-cycles”. The T-M model is based on the distribution of individual users' histories as a series of events over time, which is then translated into a temperature vs. time trace for each user. These temperature traces are then used as the main inputs to T-M models, for example using the Norris-Landzberg (N-L) acceleration model to evaluate solder damage for each user. Results are summarized in a distribution of T-M damage across all users. This new methodology improves the understanding of thermo-mechanical reliability requirements due to the impact of “mini-cycles”.
Gastric cancer among the Japanese in Hawaii

The incidence rate of gastric cancer among men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii is about one-third as high as that of their counterparts living in Japan. Because of this difference, a prospective study was conducted to identify factors related to the development of gastric cancer in Hawaii. Eight thousand and six (8,006) men born from 1900-1919 were examined from 1965 to 1968 and followed for over 25 years. During this time, 250 incident cases of gastric cancer were identified. The study has found the following : 1) prior infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria increased the risk for stomach cancer ; 2) cigarette smoking was positively associated with gastric cancer with age at which smoking started being an important risk factor ; 3) after taking cigarette smoking into account, alcohol intake was not related to stomach cancer risk ; 4) a low pepsinogen I level identified subjects at increased risk for the intestinal histologic type of gastric cancer ; 5) a low serum ferritin level was a marker for increased risk of stomach cancer ; 6) there was a weak indication that the intake of vegetables and fruits was inversely related to gastric cancer ; 7) there was no association of stomach cancer with levels of serum cholesterol, serum uric acid, serum micronutrients (retinol, β-carotene or α-tocopherol) or blood hematocrit ; 8) there was also no association of gastric cancer with body mass index or physical activity.
Absolute alkali metal ion binding affinities of several azines determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation and ab initio theory

Abstract Threshold collision-induced dissociation of M + (azine) with xenon is studied using guided ion beam mass spectrometry. M + include the following alkali metal ions: Li + , Na + , and K + . The azines studied include pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and 1,3,5-triazine. In all cases, the primary product formed corresponds to endothermic loss of the intact azine and the only other product observed is the result of ligand exchange processes to form MXe + . The cross-section thresholds are interpreted to yield 0 and 298 K bond energies for M + –azine after accounting for the effects of multiple ion–molecule collisions, internal energy of the reactant ions, and dissociation lifetimes. Ab initio calculations at the MP2(full)/6-311+G(2 d ,2 p )//MP2(full)/6-31G∗ level of theory are used to determine the structures of these complexes and provide molecular constants necessary for the thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data. We find that all of the complexes are very nearly planar, the π complexes being significantly less stable. Calculated M + –azine bond dissociation energies compare favorably to the experimentally determined bond energies for these systems.
On multicomponent mass transfer in turbulent flow

Abstract A solution of the coupled equations of steady state unidirectional diffusion in multicomponent mixtures in turbulent flow is obtained in explicit matrix from using the properties of the matrizant. The present results are simpler and more compact than those available before and permit a clearer interpretation of the effects of finite rates of mass transfer and of turbulence. A simple computational scheme is presented which uses elementary matrix operations only.
An Atypical Presentation of Endomyocardial Fibrosis Diagnosed by Cardiac MRI

Cardiovascular MRI (CMR) is complementary to transthoracic echocardiography in the characterization of cardiac masses by offering a more complete view through its unlimited imaging planes and tissue characterization with the use of multiple imaging sequences. In this instance, CMR was able to noninvasively diagnose an atypical presentation of endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) in a 44-year-old woman who presented with new-onset heart failure and a cardiac mass. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a 9-cm2 mass arising from the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle (Figure 1, Supplementary Videos 1 and 2) resulting in a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with a dynamic 30-mm Hg gradient. The posterior leaflet was tented, producing severe mitral regurgitation (Figure 1, Supplementary Videos 3 and 4). Left ventricular contractility appeared normal. Cardiac catheterization revealed moderate pulmonary hypertension with an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge. Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiogram of intracardiac mass. A 9-cm2 mass (asterisk) from the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle encompassing the posterolateral papillary muscle in the parasternal long (A) and apical 4-chamber (B) views. The mass led to severe mitral …
Standard skilled employees' and job applicants' behaviors in the presence of independent contractors and outsourcing arrangements

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify whether, through the eyes of standard skilled employees and job applicants, differences exist between different types of non‐standard skilled workers.Design/methodology/approach – Data were taken from a large survey of US‐based companies measuring the amount of work being completed by skilled independent contractors and outsourcing agencies. These data were then used in regression models predicting employee turnover and the time needed to fill vacancies in these positions.Findings – The results suggest that different types of non‐standard workers will have differing effects on skilled standard employees' and job applicants' behaviors. Organisations using independent contractors appear to achieve short‐term staffing flexibility, but these organisations may have more difficulty filling job vacancies. Organisations using outsourcing arrangements may not see any changes in their skilled standard employees' or job applicants' behaviors.Originality/value – The ...
Matrix metalloproteases of the developing sea urchin embryo

A distinct group of metalloproteases has been identified in the developing sea urchin embryo by gelatin substrate gel zymography, a highly sensitive protease detection assay. The developing Arbacia embryo exhibited four prominent bands of gelatinase activity with apparent molecular masses of 55, 50, 42 and 38 kDa. The activity of the 55, 42 and 38 kDa tissue gelatinases increased and that of the 50 kDa tissue gelatinase decreased during embryonic development. All four enzymes were EDTA- and 1,10-phenanthroline sensitive and phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) insensitive. None of the enzymes had detectable caseinolytic activity in casein substrate gels. Although the Arbacia enzymes possessed a number of properties that are characteristic of the mammalian matrix metalloprotease family, they did not appear to be converted to lower molecular weight forms by organomercurial treatment and are distinct in this aspect. The Arbacia metalloproteases are candidate enzymes for the tissue and matrix remodeling that occurs during sea urchin embryo development.
The effect of cadmium on cytosolic free calcium, protein kinase C, and collagen synthesis in rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cells

Cadmium affects normal bone growth but the mechanisms of Cd2+ toxicity are not fully understood. Calcium is an integral component of bone growth and a second messenger necessary for the actions of calciotropic hormones. Ca2+ activates protein kinase C (PKC), and PKC is a mediator of [Ca2+]1 and mediator of collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cells. Therefore, PKC is a possible loci of Cd2+ effects on Ca2+ metabolism and Ca(2+)-regulated processes. This work was conducted to determine the effect of Cd2+ on cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels, characterize the activation and/or inhibition of PKC by Cd2+ and Ca2+, and measure the effect of Cd2+ on collagen synthesis in ROS 17/2.8 cells. Cells were treated for 120 min with Cd2+ (0 to 30 microM) and [Ca2+]i was measured. Basal [Ca2+]i was 132 nM and the maximal increase to 268 nM occurred in the presence of 5 microM Cd2+. Treatment with 1 or 5 microM Cd2+ caused an increase in [Ca2+]i at 40 min with return to basal levels at 120 min of treatment. Pretreatment (24 hr) with 0.1 microM calphostin C (CC), a PKC inhibitor, produced no change in [Ca2+]i and prevented any rise in [Ca2+]i in response to Cd2+. Free Cd2+ activates PKC with an activation constant of 7.5 X 10(-11) M, while Ca2+ activates PKC with an activation constant of 3.6 X 10(-7) M. Cd2+ also caused a dose-dependent decrease in collagen synthesis, a PKC-mediated process. These data suggest that Cd2+ affects Ca2+ metabolism and Ca(2+)-mediated processes via unwarranted PKC activation as demonstrated by Cd2+ perturbation of collagen synthesis.
Optical fiber technology in the U.S. Navy

A review will be presented of the various uses of optical fiber technology In Naval data transfer, telecommunications, and sensor applications. The discussion will center on the technological trends and the differences between Naval and telecommunication requirements.
The lytic effect of polyene antifungal antibiotics on mammalian erythrocytes.

Abstract Recent studies (Kinsky, 1962a) have suggested that the permeability alterations which polyene antifungal antibiotics induce in mycelial mats and protoplasts of Neurospora Kinsky, 1961 , Kinsky, 1962b may be a consequence of antibiotic binding to the cell membrane. Gottlieb et al., 1958 , Gottlieb et al., 1961 have shown that sterols antagonize the inhibitory action of the antibiotics and, in confirmation of these results, evidence was presented indicating that ergosterol (or a related compound) may be required for nystatin binding to particles derived from the Neurospora membrane. Bacteria do not contain sterols (Asselineau and Lederer, 1960) and thus these investigations have provided a basis for the contention that the selective toxicity of the polyene antibiotics is due to a unique component in the membrane. Even stronger support for this argument would be provided by the converse demonstration that all cells, known to contain sterols in their membrane, manifest a permeability change in the presence of polyene antibiotics. This possibility was rendered probable by the recent observation of Dingle and Lucy (1962) that various mammalian erythrocytes were rapidly lysed by the most extensively investigated polyene compound, vitamin A.