cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sucralose Affects Glycemic and Hormonal Responses to an Oral Glucose Load

OBJECTIVE Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), such as sucralose, have been reported to have metabolic effects in animal models. However, the relevance of these findings to human subjects is not clear. We evaluated the acute effects of sucralose ingestion on the metabolic response to an oral glucose load in obese subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen obese subjects (BMI 42.3 ± 1.6 kg/m 2 ) who did not use NNS and were insulin sensitive (based on a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score ≤2.6) underwent a 5-h modified oral glucose tolerance test on two separate occasions preceded by consuming either sucralose (experimental condition) or water (control condition) 10 min before the glucose load in a randomized crossover design. Indices of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity (S I ), and insulin clearance rates were estimated by using minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics. RESULTS Compared with the control condition, sucralose ingestion caused 1 ) a greater incremental increase in peak plasma glucose concentrations (4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L; P = 0.03), 2 ) a 20 ± 8% greater incremental increase in insulin area under the curve (AUC) ( P 3 ) a 22 ± 7% greater peak insulin secretion rate ( P 4 ) a 7 ± 4% decrease in insulin clearance ( P = 0.04), and 5 ) a 23 ± 20% decrease in S I ( P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between conditions in active glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon incremental AUC, or indices of the sensitivity of the β-cell response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that sucralose affects the glycemic and insulin responses to an oral glucose load in obese people who do not normally consume NNS.
Shading by an invasive macrophyte has cascading effects on sediment chemistry

The submersed freshwater macrophyte Utricularia inflata is a recent invader of Adirondack Mountain lakes (NY, USA). Previous experiments suggested that U. inflata can indirectly change nutrient cycling in Adirondack lake ecosystems by reducing the growth of native isoetid macrophytes, which in turn affects sediment chemistry. A 13-week greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that shading can explain the detrimental effect of U. inflata on the native short-statured isoetid, Eriocaulon aquaticum. Eriocaulon aquaticum has a dense root system that oxidizes sediment by releasing oxygen; it also takes up carbon dioxide from sediment. Growth and asexual reproduction of E. aquaticum grown under shaded conditions was reduced significantly compared to an unshaded control (P < 0.001). Shading resulted in sediment changes: redox potential fell from 216 mV in the absence of shading to 76 mV under four layers of shade cloth (P < 0.0001). Shading also increased the concentration of extractable sediment ammonium (P < 0.01), as well as carbon dioxide concentrations (P < 0.0001) and pH of porewater (P < 0.05). The effect of U. inflata on the native isoetids and consequently on sediment chemistry closely matched the impact of shade cloth with similar light attenuation. Our results indicate that the principal mechanism by which U. inflata affects native isoetids and sediment chemistry is shading.
A new reconfigurable bit-serial systolic divider for GF(2/sup m/) and GF(p)

The paper focuses on the design of a new dual field divider that can achieve performance of 1/m throughput. This dual field division unit can operate at 118 MHz with a latency of 7m-2 cycles and has an area requirement 15 XOR2, 40 AND2, 29 MUX2, and 7 INV gates per processing element with a total of 2m processing elements. It is intended to be used in an elliptic curve crypto-accelerator for GF(2/sup m/) and GF(p). The actual performance for scalar point multiplication in GF(2/sup 571/) running at 100 MHz would be 20.4 kP/s. The actual performance for scalar point multiplication in GF(p) with |p| = 521 running at 100 MHz would be 24.4 kP/s.
ACIDOPHILIC TERRESTRIAL GASTROPOD COMMUNITIES OF NORTH AMERICA

Habitats with soil pH , 4 and Ca , 100 ppm, such as pocosins, Sphagnum bogs and heathlands, would appear inimical to land-snail biodiversity. Nevertheless, a survey of 1,356 sites, c. 1/2 million individuals and over 240 species (c. 1/5 of the continental fauna) across North America shows that c. 10% of species appear to favour such highly or moderately acidic sites, spread from subtropical forests of the Gulf of Mexico coast to the arctic tundra. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of faunas from 292 sites that support at least five co-occurring species documents that the principal axis of compositional variation in highly and moderately acidic habitats is significantly (P , 0.0005) correlated with latitude, while the second axis is significantly (P , 0.0005) correlated with moisture level. Composition was found to vary continuously along both axes, implying that discrete acidophilic communities are not present. While highly and moderately acidic sites were shown to have significantly (P , 0.000000005) lower richness and abundance compared with neutral/calcareous habitats, even the most acidic sites still typically supported 5–10 species. Abundance distributions in highly acidic habitats were found to be more uneven those of neutral/calcareous sites. The greater richness of the North American acidophilic land snail fauna compared with that in Europe has allowed communities to display replacement-driven compositional turnover. These results demonstrate that it is vitally important for biodiversity surveys of North American land snails not to ignore acidic habitats, because they harbour an important and surprisingly diverse fauna.
Multifractal analysis and modelling of VBR video traffic

A multiplicative multifractal model for variable bit rate video traffic is presented. The model simultaneously takes short and long range dependences into account. It only contains one parameter, which can be readily estimated through multifractal analysis of the trace data. It is shown that the model can accurately capture the behaviour of a queueing system driven by actual video traffic over a wide range of utilisation levels.
Neural-based monitoring system for health assessment of electric transmission lines

This paper presents a real-time monitoring system based on artificial neural network (ANN) to diagnose mechanical integrity of electric transmission lines. A sensor system composed of a receiver and a transmitter generates micro-acoustic waves along the conductor, and captures reflected waves. For key information, embedded in the captured signatures, feature extraction methods and ANN-based classifiers are considered and employed. In this monitoring system, fault detection is achieved using the reflected signatures from broken strands of transmission lines. Details of the system design, procedure and the results of performance studies in a laboratory testbed are presented. Based on laboratory experimental results, this system with both MLP (multilayer perceptron) and ART (adaptive resonance theory) classifiers show satisfactory performance in fault classification.
Joint diagonalization based DOD and DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar

A novel joint direction of departures (DODs) and direction of arrivals (DOAs) estimator for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar via joint diagonalization direction matrices is proposed. The proposed estimator makes use of the MIMO array structure that enables to obtain an extended two-dimensional (2-D) array. Thereby, it may significantly increase the array degrees of freedom (DOFs) to estimate more targets than physical antenna elements. The computation complexity of the proposed method is also shown to be acceptable. Finally, asymptotic performance analysis and numerical experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Joint diagonalization is used to estimate DOD and DOA for bistatic MIMO radar.Pair matching techniques are not needed.JDDM can handle targets with common DODs or DOAs.JDDM does not have numerical inaccuracies compared with unitary ESPRIT.Performance analysis for JDDM is presented.
Escherichia coli K-12 survives anaerobic exposure at pH 2 without RpoS, Gad, or hydrogenases, but shows sensitivity to autoclaved broth products.

Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria survive exposure to extreme acid (pH 2 or lower) in gastric fluid. Aerated cultures survive via regulons expressing glutamate decarboxylase (Gad, activated by RpoS), cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (Cfa) and others. But extreme-acid survival is rarely tested under low oxygen, a condition found in the stomach and the intestinal tract. We observed survival of E. coli K-12 W3110 at pH 1.2–pH 2.0, conducting all manipulations (overnight culture at pH 5.5, extreme-acid exposure, dilution and plating) in a glove box excluding oxygen (10% H2, 5% CO2, balance N2). With dissolved O2 concentrations maintained below 6 µM, survival at pH 2 required Cfa but did not require GadC, RpoS, or hydrogenases. Extreme-acid survival in broth (containing tryptone and yeast extract) was diminished in media that had been autoclaved compared to media that had been filtered. The effect of autoclaved media on extreme-acid survival was most pronounced when oxygen was excluded. Exposure to H2O2 during extreme-acid treatment increased the death rate slightly for W3110 and to a greater extent for the rpoS deletion strain. Survival at pH 2 was increased in strains lacking the anaerobic regulator fnr. During anaerobic growth at pH 5.5, strains deleted for fnr showed enhanced transcription of acid-survival genes gadB, cfa, and hdeA, as well as catalase (katE). We show that E. coli cultured under oxygen exclusion (<6 µM O2) requires mechanisms different from those of aerated cultures. Extreme acid survival is more sensitive to autoclave products under oxygen exclusion.
UTD: Ensemble-Based Spatial Relation Extraction

SpaceEval (SemEval 2015 Task 8), which concerns spatial information extraction, builds on the spatial role identification tasks introduced in SemEval 2012 and used in SemEval 2013. Among the host of subtasks presented in SpaceEval, we participated in subtask 3a, which focuses solely on spatial relation extraction. To address the complexity of a MOVELINK, we decompose it into smaller relations so that the roles involved in each relation can be extracted in a joint fashion without losing computational tractability. Our system was ranked first in the official evaluation, achieving an overall spatial relation extraction F-score of 84.5%.
P27kip1 regulates the apoptotic response of gastric epithelial cells to Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of gastric cancer but the molecular mechanisms responsible are not well understood. Gastric cells chronically exposed to H pylori in vitro develop resistance to apoptosis associated with low levels of p27, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor and haplo insufficient tumour suppressor gene that is downregulated in gastric cancer. Aim: To determine whether the low level of p27 protein is responsible for the resistance to apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Methods: The effects of increasing the expression of p27 protein were examined by transiently and stably transfecting a plasmid encoding full length p27 mRNA into apoptosis resistant gastric cancer cell lines with low p27 expression that were derived from AGS gastric cancer cells by chronic H pylori coculture followed by dilutional cloning. Results: Low p27 expression in the apoptosis resistant derivative cell lines was associated with an approximate 30% decrease in p27 mRNA and an 80% decrease in p27 protein that was not due to increased proteasome dependent degradation of p27 protein. Transient or stable transfection with p27 constructs partially restored the sensitivity of the apoptosis resistant cells to 5-fluorouracil and H pylori induced apoptosis without altering spontaneous apoptotic cell death. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that p27 positively regulates, at least in part, the apoptotic response of gastric epithelial cells to H pylori . Low gastric p27 may promote gastric carcinogenesis associated with H pylori infection by inhibiting apoptotic pathways.
SEMICONDUCTING CERAMIC MATERIALS

The paper presents a brief resume on the principles of electrical conductivity. Studies were made on compositions consisting mainly of oxides such as TiO2, Fe2O3, FesO4, ZrO2, and others. The effects of composition on the electrical resistivity and its temperature coefficient of these semiconductors were investigated. The reduction of the oxides and its effect on electrical properties are described. Test results are correlated with the theory. The effect of activation energy on electrical properties of the semiconductors is also described.
High-temperature order/disorder transition in the thermoelectric Cu3SbSe3

We report the results of an investigation on the structural evolution of a potential new thermoelectric material, Cu3SbSe3, as a function of temperature from 25 to 390 °C. From high-temperature x-ray diffraction data, the refined lattice parameters were seen to change nonlinearly, but continuously, with temperature, with an increased rate of thermal expansion in the a and b lattice parameters from around 125 °C to 175 °C and negative thermal expansion in the c axis from around 100 °C to 175 °C. Crystallographic charge flipping analysis indicated an increase in the disorder of the copper cations with temperature. This reversible order/disorder phase transition in Cu3SbSe3 affects the transport properties, as evidenced by thermal conductivity measurements, which change from negative to positive slope at the transition temperature. This structural change in Cu3SbSe3 has implications for its potential use in thermoelectric generators.
Thinking locally for urban forest restoration: a simple method links exotic species invasion to local landscape structure.

Restoring urban forests often involves eradicating exotic species and diligently guarding against future invasions. Understanding how landscape structure contributes to the distribution of exotic species may inform these management efforts. To date, the distribution of exotic species in forested patches has been correlated with the type of development surrounding the patch, with those surrounded by agricultural or urban development often more highly invaded. Yet, previous studies have categorized land use types and have not examined more local-scale changes in land use. These local changes may be particularly important in urban areas where forested patches are immediately surrounded by diverse land use types. Our study examined how two key aspects of landscape structure, patch size and adjacent land use, may influence patterns of exotic species invasion of riparian buffers within Raleigh and Cary, North Carolina, United States. We found that large patch size alone, in our case, wide riparian buffers, does not protect against exotic species invasion. Patches surrounded by higher canopy-cover landscapes (e.g., forests and older residential developments with mature canopy) were more likely to be invaded than those surrounded by less canopy cover (e.g., shopping malls and other commercial development). We attribute these results, in part, to increased pressure from exotic propagules from adjacent forests. When restoring urban forests, attention should be paid to local land use to better plan for successful, long-term eradication of exotic species.
Optimal Power Allocation in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks with Finite Buffers

In this paper, we develop a cross-layer algorithm to minimize energy consumption in multi-hop wireless networks with finite buffers. Our algorithm guarantees a flow-based minimum data rate and a deterministic buffer size upper-bound for individual flows at network nodes. The algorithm jointly integrates congestion control, power allocation, routing and link rate scheduling. In addition, the algorithm achieves a power expenditure "epsilon-close" to the optimal value, with a tradeoff of order O(1/epsilon) in the buffer size. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the proximity to optimality with a significant reduction in queue backlog.
Culture, Interpersonal Perceptions, and Happiness in Social Interactions

The authors examined cultural differences in interpersonal processes associated with happiness felt in social interactions. In a false feedback experiment (Study 1a), they found that European Americans felt happier when their interaction partner perceived their personal self accurately, whereas Asian Americans felt happier when their interaction partner perceived their collective self accurately. In Study 1b, the authors further demonstrated that the results from Study 1a were not because of cultural differences in desirability of the traits used in Study 1a. In Studies 2 and 3, they used a 2-week event sampling method and replicated Study 1. Unlike Asian Americans, African Americans were not significantly different from European Americans in the predictors of happiness in social interactions. Together, this research shows that interpersonal affirmation of important aspects of the self leads to happiness and that cultural differences are likely to emerge from the emphasis placed on different aspects of th...
Re-informative design media in design emergence

Abstract Conversation among different types of design media is critical in providing haptic feedback within the architectural design loop. More attention needs to be given to creating a fully integrated design loop of digital architecture, where the gap between form in the virtual model and physical model is generally larger than it was in the pre-digital era due to the difficulty of the externalization of challenging forms via traditional methods. This study examines the significance of reciprocal relationships among different dimensions of design media including 2D drawings, digital models and physical models in design process. For a better understanding of the integrated design process, the characteristics and roles of these media are described particularly within the context of digital architecture. Three case studies of student work show a reconciled design conversation among three different types of media that contributed to the designer's haptic cognitive process offering not only visual serendipities but also suggestions on structure, material and assembly based on understanding the attributes of each medium.
Economic Analyses in Hypertension: Applications for Healthcare Providers

Hypertension affects millions of Americans. With healthcare dollars becoming more closely scrutinized, economic studies are playing an important role in helping decision makers choose who should receive treatment and which treatments and methods of administration are most cost-effective. This article provides an overview of the different methods used in economic evaluation and demonstrates the utility of each method using studies from the hypertension literature.
Effects of glucose, glutamine, and malate on the metabolism of Spodoptera frugiperda clone 9 (Sf9) cells: an initial rate study

Optimal design and operation of bioreactors for insect cell culture is facilitated by functional relations providing quantitative information on cellular metabolite consumption kinetics, as well as on the specific cell growth rates (μG). Initial specific consumption rates of glucose, malate, and oxygen, and associated changes in μG, were measured forSpodoptera frugiperda clone 9 (Sf9) cells grown in batch suspension culture in medium containing 7–35 mM glucose, 0–16 mM malate, and 4–16 mM glutamine. The initial specific glucose consumption rate (q G ) could be described by a modified Michaelis-Menten equation treating malate as a “competitive” inhibitorK 1 = 6.5 mM) and glutamine as a “noncompetitive” inhibitorK I = 14 mM) ofq G , with aK m of 7.1 mM for glucose. All three carbon sources were found to increase μG in a saturable manner, and a modified Monod equation was employed to describe this relationship (μGmax = 0.047 h-1). The initial specific oxygen consumption rate (qO2) in Sf9 cells could be related to μG by the maintenance energy model, and it was calculated that, under typical culture conditions, about 15–20% of the cellular energy demand comes from functions not related to growth. Fitted parameters in mathematical expression for μg: K4, Monod constant for glucose (mM); K5, modified Monod constant for malate (mM); K6, Monod constant for glutamine (mM); mo2, specific consumption rate of oxygen by the cells under zero-growth conditions (nmol/cell/h); qF, initial specific fumarate production rate (nmol/cell/ h);q G , initial specific glucose consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); qGmax, maximum initial specific glucose consumption rate (nmol/cell/h);q M , initial specific malate consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); qo2, initial specific oxygen consumption rate (nmol/cell/h); Yo2, cell yield on oxygen (cells/nmol); μ, initial specific cell growth rate (h-1); μg, initial specific cell growth rate (h-1); μGmax, maximum initial specific cell growth rate (h-1).
Petrology of the Red Hill Syenitic Complex, New Hampshire

The Mid-Triassic Red Hill syenitic complex, a member of the White Mountain magma series, s i an oval-shaped multiple intrusion. The country rock has been brecciated and contact-metamorphosed near the margin. Six major rock units—five of syenitic composition and one of granite—compose the complex. The oldest unit, the outer coarse syenite, consists mainly of perthite and ferrohastingsite, and is one of three concentrically arranged units. This rock type changes abruptly inward to a zone of nepheline-sodalite syenite. These two units possess a cumulate feldspar lamination that occurs in zones and forms an inward-dipping, centripetal dip pattern of 60° to 85° around the complex. The original cumulate texture in these rocks has been partially erased by auto-metamorphism. The central portion of the complex is comprised of the younger, non-foliated fire tower syenite, which has been intruded by two small, plug-like bodies of quartz syenite, and one small intrusion of granite. The five syenitic rock units show clustered properties of being slightly silica-deficient and of high alkali and iron content. Their compositions are representative of a low-temperature residual magma which could yield both feldspathoidal- and quartz-bearing rocks. The rocks of the complex are estimated to have been emplaced by ring-fracturing and block subsidence under a lithostatic pressure of 1.5 kb and a temperature range of 680° to 750° C.
Leukocyte Response to Stress in Normal and Adrenalectomized Rats Pretreated with Ascorbic Acid

SummaryThe action of ascorbic acid on the leukocyte response of normal (shamadrenalectomized) and adrenalectomized rats was investigated. The data indicate that, of all the leukocytes studied, only the eosinophils are related to the action of ascorbic acid. The vitamin alters the eosinopenia of stress in intact rats, and delays the eosinophilia characteristic of stress in adrenalectomized rats.
Scalable Verification of Linear Controller Software

We consider the problem of verifying software implementations of linear time-invariant controllers against mathematical specifications. Given a controller specification, multiple correct implementations may exist, each of which uses a different representation of controller state e.g., due to optimizations in a third-party code generator. To accommodate this variation, we first extract a controller's mathematical model from the implementation via symbolic execution, and then check input-output equivalence between the extracted model and the specification by similarity checking. We show how to automatically verify the correctness of C code controller implementation using the combination of techniques such as symbolic execution, satisfiability solving and convex optimization. Through evaluation using randomly generated controller specifications of realistic size, we demonstrate that the scalability of this approach has significantly improved compared to our own earlier work based on the invariant checking method.
Development of a Rotary Water Joint

By introducing the rotary water joint′s design,it was discussed the basic method and the essentials appling mechanical seal technique in the design of rotary water joint.This paper presented several problems needed special attention,gave some engineering practice,which could provide reference for similar design.
Research on Cutting Tool Life Management System of CNC Machine Tool

In the process of CNC machining,the cutting tools of machine are automatically managed by the cutting tool life management function provided by CNC system manufacturer.However,the function provided by CNC system is maybe limited for different actual production status.A PMC subprogram based on machining center with FANUC numerical control system was designed to make the cutting tool management better,which would permit the tool be used over 10 000 times and the system could realize pre-alarming.It provides reference for designing and improving those similar numerical control system.
Epilog: Post-Mortem

Comsat and satellite communications were part of the beginning of the space age. Much as space enthusiasts lament the passing of the Apollo years, the Comsat engineers lament the passing of Comsat. Comsat was “pure” in that engineering considerations were the highest priority; and, it was practical in that the corporation had to make money. Why did Comsat eventually fail?
The Effect of Spanish-English Bilingualism on Young Children’s Understanding of Consumer-Related Messages

Prior research has found that bilingualism can result in cognitive advantages for young children. In this study, several hypotheses are developed concerning the effect that Spanish-English bilingualism would have on young children’s understanding and recall of consumer-related messages (e.g., advertisements). A research design is outlined to test the hypotheses.
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions Models With Reduced Ranks

The classical multivariate linear regression model discussed in Chapter 1 can be generalized by allowing the different response variables y ik to have different input or predictor variables X ik = (x i1k ,... , x ink ,)’ for different i, so that y ik - X’ ik C (i) + ∈ ik , i = 1,... ,m, and the errors ∈ ik are contemporaneously correlated across the different response variables. Multivariate linear regression models of this form were considered by Zellner (1962), who referred to them as seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) equations models. In experimental design situations, the model is also referred to as the multiple design multivariate linear model (e.g., Srivastava, 1967; Roy, Gnanadesikan, and Srivastava, 1971). In the notation of Section 1.2, the linear regression model for the T × 1 vector of values for the ith response variable is $${Y_{(i)}} = {X_i}^\prime {C_{(i)}} + { \in _{(i)}},\quad for\quad i = 1, \ldots ,m$$ (7.1) where X i = [X i1 , ..., X iT ] is n × T, while Y (i) = (y i1 ,... ,y iT )’, ∈ i = (∈ i1 ,... ∈ iT )’, and C (i) are the same as in the previous model of Chapter 1.
Seasonal prediction of US summertime ozone using statistical analysis of large scale climate patterns

We develop a statistical model to predict June–July–August (JJA) daily maximum 8-h average (MDA8) ozone concentrations in the eastern United States based on large-scale climate patterns during the previous spring. We find that anomalously high JJA ozone in the East is correlated with these springtime patterns: warm tropical Atlantic and cold northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs), as well as positive sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over Hawaii and negative SLP anomalies over the Atlantic and North America. We then develop a linear regression model to predict JJA MDA8 ozone from 1980 to 2013, using the identified SST and SLP patterns from the previous spring. The model explains ∼45% of the variability in JJA MDA8 ozone concentrations and ∼30% variability in the number of JJA ozone episodes (>70 ppbv) when averaged over the eastern United States. This seasonal predictability results from large-scale ocean–atmosphere interactions. Warm tropical Atlantic SSTs can trigger diabatic heating in the atmosphere and influence the extratropical climate through stationary wave propagation, leading to greater subsidence, less precipitation, and higher temperatures in the East, which increases surface ozone concentrations there. Cooler SSTs in the northeast Pacific are also associated with more summertime heatwaves and high ozone in the East. On average, models participating in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project fail to capture the influence of this ocean–atmosphere interaction on temperatures in the eastern United States, implying that such models would have difficulty simulating the interannual variability of surface ozone in this region.
Kirtsaeng's Impact Still to Be Felt

Grey markets raise a number of legal issues including compliance with import or export laws, acceptance of warranty claims and, and regional lock-outs such as with DVDs that are coded by region. Copyright was also a questionable legal issue in the grey market economy. Copyright owners are empowered to control the distribution of their works under Section 106 of the Copyright Act, and to control importation of their works under Section 602 of the Copyright Act. The issue arose when owners of copyright material objected to grey market activities and sued for copyright infringement. In response, the purchasers of the works frequently claimed that copyright’s First Sale doctrine protected their activities, First Sale (found at Section 109 of the Copyright Act) says that once the “first sale” of a particular copy of has been made, the owner of that particular copy can resell, lend or otherwise dispose of the work without interference by the copyright holder. These inconsistent results were the reason the U.S. Supreme Court took on the issue in the case of Kirtsaeng vs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Court’s decision, released on March 19, 2013, was a resounding holding that the First Sale doctrine applied to legally copyrighted works regardless of where they were manufactured.
Ways of Doing Genealogy: Inquiry after Foucault. A Group Interview with Verena Erlenbusch, Simon Ganahl, Robert W. Gehl, Thomas Nail, and Perry Zurn

A group interview on issues of methodology in the work of Michel Foucault, the discussion focuses less on the 'interpretation' of Foucault's work and more on the critical and transformative redeployment of Foucault's philosophical toolkit. What is most usable in Foucault's genealogical method for today's critical tasks? What is most unusable, or frustrating, in Foucault's library for us today? And who else might we turn to alongside Foucault for our critical, philosophical, and historical energies?
“Isolated long thoracic nerve palsy”: More than meets the eye

Summary Introduction Two main hypotheses have been proposed for the pathophysiology of long thoracic nerve (LTN) palsy: nerve compression and nerve inflammation. We hypothesized that critical reinterpretation of electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies and MRIs of patients with a diagnosis of non-traumatic isolated LTN palsy could provide insight into the pathophysiology and, potentially, the treatment. Material and methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients with a diagnosis of non-traumatic isolated LTN palsy and an EDX and brachial plexus or shoulder MRI studies performed at our institution. The original EDX studies and MR examinations were reinterpreted by a neuromuscular neurologist and musculoskeletal radiologist, respectively, both blinded to our hypothesis. Results Seven patients met the inclusion criteria as having a non-traumatic isolated LTN palsy. Upon reinterpretation, all of them were found to have findings not consistent with an isolated LTN. On physical examination, three of them (43%) presented with weakness in muscles not innervated by the LTN. Four of them (57%) had additional EDX abnormalities beyond the distribution of the LTN. Five of them (71%) had MRI evidence of enlargement of nerves or denervation atrophy of muscles outside the innervation of the LNT, without evidence of compression of the LTN in the middle scalene muscle. Conclusion In our series, all 7 patients, originally diagnosed as having an isolated LTN, on reinterpretation, were found to have a more diffuse muscle/nerve involvement pattern, without MR findings to suggest nerve compression. These data strongly support an inflammatory pathophysiology.
Recurrent Vitreous Hemorrhage Secondary to Sulcus Positioning of a One-Piece Acrylic Intraocular Lens Haptic: Report of 3 Cases and Management With Retrocapsular Haptic Repositioning:

Three pseudophakic patients presented with recurrent, unilateral vitreous hemorrhage, one of which also had uveitis, glaucoma, and hyphema, consistent with “uveitis–glaucoma–hyphema (UGH)-Plus” syndrome. Arcuate transillumination defects secondary to inadvertent placement of 1 intraocular lens (IOL) haptic in the sulcus were identified in each case. The second haptic and optic were located in the capsular bag. The IOLs were all single-piece foldable acrylic lenses with square-edge haptic design. Surgical repositioning of the malpositioned haptic from the sulcus to the retrocapsular space resulted in the resolution of the recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. This series highlights the fact that recurrent vitreous hemorrhage secondary to iris chafing, with or without UGH, may occur in cases where a square-edge IOL haptic is placed in the sulcus. Vitrectomy with repositioning of the malpositioned IOL is a simple alternative to IOL exchange in these cases.
Effect of Visualization Training on Uncertain Spatial Trajectory Predictions

Objective:The goal of this study was to explore the ways in which visualizations influence the prediction of uncertain spatial trajectories (e.g., the unknown path of a downed aircraft or future path of a hurricane) and participant overconfidence in such prediction.Background:Previous research indicated that spatial predictions of uncertain trajectories are challenging and are often associated with overconfidence. Introducing a visualization aid during training may improve the understanding of uncertainty and reduce overconfidence.Method:Two experiments asked participants to predict the location of various trajectories at a future time. Mean and variance estimates were compared for participants who were provided with a visualization and those who were not.Results:In Experiment 1, participants exhibited less error in mean estimations when a linear visualization was present but performed worse than controls once the visualization was removed. Similar results were shown in Experiment 2, with a nonlinear visu...
The case for scenario-based assessment of written argumentation

This paper presents a theoretical and empirical case for the value of scenario-based assessment (SBA) in the measurement of students’ written argumentation skills. First, we frame the problem in terms of creating a reasonably efficient method of evaluating written argumentation skills, including for students at relatively low levels of competency. We next present a proposed solution in the form of an SBA and lay out the design for such an assessment. We then describe the results of prior research done within our group using this design. Fourth, we present the results of two new analyses of prior data that extend our previous results. These analyses concern whether the test items behave in ways consistent with the learning progressions underlying the design, how items measuring reading and writing component skills relate to essay performance, how measures of transcription fluency and proficiency in oral and academic language relate to writing skill, and whether the scenario-based design affects the fluency and vocabulary used in an essay. Results suggest that students can be differentiated by learning progression level, with variance in writing scores accounted for by a combination of performance on earlier tasks in the scenario and automated linguistic features measuring general literacy skills. The SBA structure, with preliminary tasks leading up to the final written performance, appears to result in more fluent (and also more efficient) writing behavior, compared to students’ performances when they write an essay in isolation.
Ocean Surface Wind Stress

There is an urgent need in physical oceanography, meteorology, marine operations and climate research for improved surface wind and wind stress information. Much can be done to improve our knowledge through better collection of existing observations, deployment of properly instrumented drifting buoys, better calibration and collection of cloud motion vectors, increased scrutiny and development of analysis/forecast methods of surface data assimilation and more widespread direct measurement of surface stress. But the space and time sampling constraints on such techniques will inevitably limit the improvement to less than is desireable or needed. Only satellite-borne sensors, adequately deployed and calibrated against high quality surface data can provide the needed information. The microwave scatterometer shows promise for meeting the required accuracy needs, and may soon revolutionize our knowledge of the surface wind and stress fields.
Loquacious, a Dicer Partner Protein, Functions in Both the MicroRNA and siRNA Pathways

Abstract In animals and plants, Dicer enzymes collaborate with double-stranded RNA-binding protein partners that change what substrates Dicer uses and where within the substrate they dice. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , different Dicer enzymes produce microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs): Dicer-1 produces miRNAs from pre-miRNAs, while Dicer-2 generates siRNAs from long double-stranded RNA. Flies produce four Dicer partner proteins—one encoded by the r2d2 locus and three by loquacious ( loqs ). Alternative splicing of loqs generates Loqs-PA, Loqs-PB, and Loqs-PD. Loqs-PA and Loqs-PB bind to Dicer-1 and assist miRNA biogenesis by increasing substrate affinity or enzyme turnover. Loqs-PB also alters the size of some miRNAs, generating isoforms with seed sequences and target specificities distinct from those that would be made by Dicer-1 alone or Dicer-1 bound to Loqs-PA. Loqs-PD binds Dicer-2, promoting the production of both endogenous and exogenous siRNAs by increasing substrate affinity. In this chapter, we will discuss the diverse functions loqs plays in small silencing RNA pathways.
Code-mixing, language variation, and linguistic theory:: Evidence from Bantu languages☆

Abstract This study presents an analysis of code-mixing in two Bantu languages: Lingala and Swahili, which interact, respectively, with French and English to form urban varieties of the former languages. The questions considered include (a) the descriptive and explanatory adequacy of syntactic constraints on code-mixing (CM); (b) the generality of such constraints; and (c) the probable internal organization of the grammar of the bilingual/ multilingual code-mixer. The first part of the study provides a critical review of the literature on CM and shows that almost all the major syntactic constraints proposed thus far are invalid cross-linguistically, and thereby lacking in explanatory value. The second part of the paper offers an analysis of CM on the Lingala-French and Kiswahili-English varieties to demonstrate the complexity of the phenomenon and to further substantiate the inadequqcy of current syntactic findings on CM. On the basis of the facts examined here and elsewhere in the literature, a model for the bilingual code-mixer's grammar is proposed and its implications for linguistic theory are discussed from synchronic and diachronic perspectives.
Vulnerabilities of EFT Systems to Intentionally Caused Losses

Electronic funds transfer (EFT) systems developing as a part of banking automation appear to offer greater accuracy and freedom from error and fraud for the individual consumer than current depository and other financial services. On the other hand, EFT systems increase the fragility and susceptibility of financial institutions to losses from single sophisticated frauds so massive as to threaten the viability of even the largest bank. These are two separate issues requiring different treatment.
Noninvasive, in vivo rodent brain Optical Coherence Tomography in the 2200 nm optical window (Conference Presentation)

The penetration depth of optical microscopy in biological tissue is limited by attenuation due to absorption and scattering. Scattering decreases with wavelength, while water absorption is locally minimized at so-called infrared “optical windows.” Of the four infrared optical windows, light in the longest wavelength window at 2200 nm experiences the least scattering and the most water absorption. Therefore, the 2200 nm window is rarely used for biological microscopy. However, fractional water content differs greatly between tissues. Therefore, the best optical window for deep imaging may depend on tissue type. Here, we demonstrate the benefits of the 2200 nm optical window for imaging through the skull, which is highly turbid with a relatively low water content. A spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system at ~2200 nm was built. A maximum sensitivity of 86 dB and a tissue axial resolution of 13.9 µm were achieved. To assess relative contributions of scattering and water absorption, 2200 nm was compared with 1300 nm. In vivo cortical vasculature was imaged angiographically through the intact skull in mice. Overall 2200 nm experienced less attenuation through the intact skull. In cortical layer I, 1300 nm, which experiences more scattering but less water absorption, and 2200 nm, which experiences less scattering but more water absorption, exhibit similar attenuation. In deeper cortical layer II/III, higher attenuation was observed at 2200 nm due to higher water absorption. Thus the infrared window at 2200 nm may provide advantages for imaging layers at or near the cortical surface through thick skull.
Prospective study of pain outcomes associated with contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in women with nonhereditary breast cancer.

6587Background: Women with nonhereditary breast cancer are increasingly undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM). We examined pain severity and the impact of pain on the lives of wome...
NOVEL ETHER DERIVATIVES OF ALKYL PIPERIDINES AS POTENTIAL SIGMA/5HT2 ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS

Abstract A series of novel cinnamyl and propargyl ether derivatives of alkyl piperidines which show high affinity for sigma and 5HT 2 receptors are described. The ligands exhibit high selectivities for these receptors over D 2 as well as good activity in vivo in anti-mescaline scratch assay.
Improving Outcomes for Military Teens by Integrating Pcmhs and School Based Health Centers

Program Goals: The Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) School Based Health System (SBHS) was launched in 2012 in two schools just outside of Joint Base Lewis McChord (JBLM). Since that time, the program has grown to serve seven local schools. The initiative is designed to promote the physical, behavioral and emotional well-being of military dependent adolescent students on their school campuses. The system exemplifies the adolescent patient centered home model by providing high quality, safe, coordinated, and easily accessible care to a population of vulnerable adolescents whose parents are associated with …
Thanks Dad: New Evidence on Son Preference among Immigrant Households in the U.S.

This paper provides new evidence on the acquisition and persistence of child gender preference among immigrant populations in the United States using Census and ACS data. We first confirm existing evidence of son preference among immigrant populations from South East Asia documented across multiple studies and samples. We then demonstrate several new empirical findings. First, Japanese immigrants exhibit daughter preference. Second, assortative matching between immigrant parents is associated with stronger gender preferences. Third, comparing male and female migrants who marry natives provides suggestive evidence that paternal preferences could be more to blame for son preference than maternal. Fourth, child gender preferences are strongest for migrants who arrive after childhood but do not appear to diminish with duration of residence in the U.S. Finally, while higher order generations exhibit weaker son preference, there is a high degree of heterogeneity across groups most second and higher order generation immigrants assimilate more rapidly to U.S. norms except Indian immigrant populations which exhibit strong son preference among higher-order generations.
Examining the Causal Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Emotion Regulation and Its Neural Mechanisms.

Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is a strategy used to regulate emotions that is thought to be effective but effortful, relying on higher-order cognitive control systems to engage in active regulation. S...
Barriers to Effective Tick Management and Tick-Bite Prevention in the United States (Acari: Ixodidae).

Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the United States. Development of tick control tools have focused primarily on the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say. Application of acaricides or entomopathogenic fungal agents to kill host-seeking ticks or ticks on rodents can suppress I. scapularis abundance in residential landscapes, but evidence is lacking for impact on human tick bites or tick-borne disease. Similar studies remain limited for the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Other knowledge gaps include how well homeowners and pest control companies perform in the broadcast application of tick-killing products, relative to high efficacy reported in research studies, and the tick-killing potential of natural product formulations exempt from Environmental Protection Agency registration. Area-wide control based on preventing ticks from feeding on their main reproductive host, the white-tailed deer, can suppress populations of both I. scapularis and A. americanum. Some studies also suggest an impact on Lyme disease cases, but this needs to be further validated in larger-scale intervention studies. The effectiveness, scale, cost, and implementation of various tick management strategies are important considerations in efforts to reduce human tick encounters and tick-borne disease. Additional barriers include weak incentives for industry and academia to develop, test, and register new tick and pathogen control technologies, including vaccines targeting humans, tick reproductive hosts, or wildlife pathogen reservoirs. Solutions will need to be ‘two-pronged': improving the tick and pathogen control toolbox and strengthening the public health workforce engaging in tick control at local and state levels.
Hearts and Minds First: Institutional Logics in Pursuit of Educational Equity:

Purpose:Despite an explosion of professional development to help educators discuss issues of race and equity, expectations for addressing racial disparities outstrip current leadership practices, a...