cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature prediction model for flexible pavements at various depths for the States of Arizona and Minnesota

Temperature variation significantly influences the selection of the asphalt binder grade. Also, since that the asphalt is a viscoelastic material, the critical responses such as surface deflection and stiffness of the asphalt layer will be highly affected by any temperature change. Most of the methods employed by transportation agencies to measure pavement temperature at present involve drilling a bore hole; therefore, generating a hazard that may cause pavement deterioration. A simple and non-destructive method to predict the pavement temperature is one of the important requirements for pavement engineers. This study created a model that can predict the pavement temperature at various depths utilising basic climatic parameters such as air temperature, pavement surface temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation. Required data were extracted from an open source online database and the two generated models for the state of Minnesota and the state of Arizona were reliable with an acceptable coefficient of determination value.
A comparison of substance use patterns among lifetime heroin-injecting individuals by racial groups

Background: Studies have identified differential substance use patterns by racial groups. One of the most commonly reported differences is a higher rate of injection drug use (IDU) among Non-Hispan...
Duality of Lusztig and RTT integral forms of Uv(Lsln)

Abstract We show that the Lusztig integral form is dual to the RTT integral form of the type A quantum loop algebra with respect to the new Drinfeld pairing, by utilizing the shuffle algebra realization of the former and the PBWD bases of the latter obtained in [13] .
The Illusion of Progress: Evaluating U.N. Women’s Rights Instruments

Though the realm of international women’s rights has overcome significant challenges, scope is often restricted to gender discrimination violations that are de jure rather than de facto in nature. These advancements concerning the rights of women can, to an extent, be attributed to the proactiveness of the United Nations. This paper seeks to identify the instruments the U.N. has developed for the protection of the human rights of women and address their subsequent effectiveness. By examining developed instruments, cultural patterns, and historical examples, the U.N. has and continues to make a concerted effort toward ensuring de jure protections. Enforced by analysis of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, discrepancies between what the U.N. classifies as human rights and the human rights of women become apparent. Still, the de facto discrimination against women in states with contrasting governmental structures and cultural mores is not customarily accounted for by the United Nations. Questions remain in regards to whether or not the U.N. can or should be responsible for remedying the global variance in de facto discrimination against women. It is suggested that the United Nations shift its focus toward strict instrument enforcement.
To Create a Better and More Peaceful World: Infusing Human Rights Instruction in PK-12 Classrooms.

This article discusses an online graduate education course at a large Southern university in the United States. The course, part of a certificate program for International Baccalaureate (IB) educators, focuses on infusing human rights instruction in PK-12 classrooms and provides teachers with additional methods and strategies to teach various subjects, disciplines, student populations, and cultural contexts. Although the course text centers on the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), additional readings require students to consider other human rights documents, academic research concerning peace and human rights education, and classroom strategies. The teachers who complete the course are more confident working with human rights topics and the course encourages educators to think critically and connect issues at their grade level and in their current contexts.
Alcoholism and nutrition: a review of vitamin supplementation and treatment.

Purpose of reviewThis is a review of the research on the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation for alcoholism and alcohol-related illnesses. The focus is on research, both clinical and basic on alcohol treatment and nutritional effectiveness of these vital nutrients.Recent findingsMost of the res
Interventions in Contemporary Thought: History, Politics, Aesthetics

With a critical eye, Gabriel Rockhill guides you through complex debates in history, politics and aesthetics, giving you an overview of key issues and central figures, including Foucault, Derrida, Castoriadis, Badiou and Ranciere.
The Impact of the Number of Injections per Visit on the Likelihood of Human Papillomavirus Immunization

Objective To test whether adolescents, who are injection limited, that is, receiving only a limited number of immunization injections per visit, are less likely to complete the human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization series. Study design For Oregon adolescents age 13-17 years, HPV series completion rates were assessed based on never receiving >1 injection per visit from age ≥9 years. Among a study subset born and resident in Oregon through adolescence, HPV series rates were assessed based on never receiving >1 or 2 injections per visit from age ≥4 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess delays owing to limiting injections, controlling for sex and rural location. Results Among 241 453 study adolescents, 16.3% had only single-injection visits from age ≥9 years. Their HPV completion rate was 7.7% as compared with 61.7% for those with no limitations of number of injections. Among study adolescents born in Oregon, 10.2% never received >1 or 2 injections per visit from age ≥4 and were less than half as likely to complete the HPV series (28.4% vs 59.1%). Conclusions Limiting the number of injections per visit is associated with decreased completion of HPV immunization. As larger cohorts of young children with early injection-limiting characteristics age into adolescence, progress on HPV immunization rates may be challenged.
Toward Automated Feedback on Teacher Discourse to Enhance Teacher Learning

Like anyone, teachers need feedback to improve. Due to the high cost of human classroom observation, teachers receive infrequent feedback which is often more focused on evaluating performance than on improving practice. To address this critical barrier to teacher learning, we aim to provide teachers with detailed and actionable automated feedback. Towards this end, we developed an approach that enables teachers to easily record high-quality audio from their classes. Using this approach, teachers recorded 142 classroom sessions, of which 127 (89%) were usable. Next, we used speech recognition and machine learning to develop teacher-generalizable computer-scored estimates of key dimensions of teacher discourse. We found that automated models were moderately accurate when compared to human coders and that speech recognition errors did not influence performance. We conclude that authentic teacher discourse can be recorded and analyzed for automatic feedback. Our next step is to incorporate the automatic models into an interactive visualization tool that will provide teachers with objective feedback on the quality of their discourse.
A 30-Year Review of Cystectomy Litigation

AbstractIntroduction:Annually the U.S. spends approximately $55.6 billion on malpractice and medical liability, with urology ranked 11th out of 25 specialties for number of malpractice claims. Our ...
Prevalence of acute liver dysfunction and impact on outcome in critically ill patients with hematological malignancies: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) often require ICU admission, and acute respiratory or renal failure are then independent risk factors for mortality. Data are scarce on acute liver dysfunction (ALD), despite HM patients cumulating risk factors. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the prevalence of ALD in critically ill HM patients and its impact on outcome. Data of all patients with HM admitted to the medical ICU between 2008 and 2018 were extracted from electronic medical records. ALD was defined by ALT > 165 U/L, AST > 230 U/L, or total bilirubin > 4 mg/dL. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze hospital mortality. Charts of survivors with ALD were reviewed to assess impact of ALD on subsequent anti-cancer treatment. We included 971 patients (60% male), age 64 (54–72) years, of whom 196 (20%) developed ALD. ALD patients were younger, more frequently had liver cirrhosis or acute leukemia, and had increased severity of illness and vital organ support needs. ALD was associated with hospital mortality in univariate (OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.95–5.80, p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07–3.24, p = 0.03). Hospital mortality was 46% in ALD patients; among 106 survivors, a third of patients requiring therapy received it as previously planned, and half of the patients were alive at 1 year. In summary, in a large population of critically ill patients with hematological malignancies, 20% developed ALD, which was an independent risk factor for hospital mortality and occasionally altered further anti-cancer treatment.
A 48-Year-Old Woman With Chronic Cough, Dyspnea, and Bronchiectasis.

Case Presentation A 48-year-old woman sought a second opinion for dyspnea and chronic productive cough; she was a never smoker. Mild respiratory symptoms persisted since childhood and had progressively worsened over the previous decade. In addition, an unintentional 30-pound weight loss had occurred over several years. Six years previously, a diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was made following right upper lobe wedge resection that revealed chronic bronchiolitis with interstitial pneumonia and non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. Subsequent use of prednisone elicited mild intermittent improvement. She had used feather pillows in the past without any other significant exposures. There were no reports of sinus or GI symptoms.
Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for COVID-19

It is common in medicine that simple, inexpensive remedies are held hostage to medical prejudice, financial or political interest, and legal precedent. The purpose of this review is to take the point of view of the victims of COVID-19 and address whether scientific information, including randomized-control trials, can answer whether the hydroxychloroquine should be dispensed for those testing positive and their immediate recent contacts at the point of testing. Although the FDA in the United States is yet to be convinced, the demonstration of positive effects in clinical trials cannot be ignored and there is a large amount of information in the pipeline (published pre-prints and registered clinical trials) that could tip the scales towards making the drug readily available for early disease and contact-prophylactic usage to reduce peak symptoms, symptom duration, contagiousness, hospitalizations and mortality.
Novel PET probes for molecular imaging of the αvβ6 integrin

298 Objectives The αvβ6 integrin has recently been validated as a prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To utilize the αvβ6 integrin as a biomarker for molecular profiling of NSCLC, a peptide sequence with high binding affinity to the αvβ6 integrin was selected by phage display. Goal of this study was to develop novel positron emission tomography (PET) probes for noninvasive imaging assessment of NSCLC. Methods The monomer and dimer forms of the peptide, H2009.1, were synthesized by standard solid-phase peptide chemistry and then conjugated to a bifunctional chelator scaffold featuring one or two maleimidyl functional groups and a cross-bridged tetraazamacrocylic core (CB-TE2A-MAL or CB-TE2A-(MAL)2) for 64Cu labeling. Three peptide conjugates (CB-TE2A-MAL-monomer, CB-TE2A-MAL-dimer, and CB-TE2A-(MAL-monomer)2 were synthesized and efficiently labeled with 64Cu under a mild condition within 30 min. The in vivo imaging evaluation was performed using two mouse models bearing H2009 (αvβ6+) and H460 (αvβ6-) tumors, respectively (n = 3 per group), on a Siemens Inveon PET-CT System. Results On PET-CT images, the H2009 tumors were visualized by all three 64Cu-labeled conjugates at 1 h post-injection. The PET quantification revealed that the two bivalent conjugates had significantly higher H2009 tumor uptake than the monovalent one, while their uptake values in H460 tumors were low at the same level. This three-fold signal amplification in H2009 tumor indicates the role of the multivalent effect. Conclusions We have developed a practical approach to prepare novel multivalent PET probes for molecular profiling of NSCLC via specific imaging of the αvβ6.integrin. Research Support This work was partially supported by a USAMRMC grant (W81XWH-08-1-0305) and two NIH grants (U24 CA126608 and P01 DK058398)
Special and Inclusive Education in Southern Africa

Children with special education needs possess unique learning characteristics which may inhibit their effective learning in mainstream, general education classes. Special education practices are therefore designed to address the educational needs of students with disabilities through various strategies including thorough assessments of students’ characteristics, individualized curriculum planning, and provision of essential services and resources to maximize learning. Although there is extensive research on special education in developed countries like the United States of America (USA), literature on its development and practice in Sub Saharan African countries is somewhat scattered and inconclusive. This study reviewed special education policy, special education teacher professional development, and challenges to successful special education practice in five Southern African countries: Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, and Namibia. An understanding of special education policy development and challenges is imperative to develop a more successful practice.
ESTRUTURA POTENCIAL DO GÊNERO (EPG) E MULTIMODALIDADE: A CONFIGURAÇÃO DO GÊNERO TIRA CÔMICA SERIADA

Hasan (1989) considera que a Estrutura Potencial do Genero (EPG) e a expressao verbal de uma dada Configuracao Contextual (CC). A nosso ver, ela nao e so a expressao verbal de uma CC, mas a expressao de toda linguagem significativa e constituinte do texto – como a linguagem multimodal dos quadrinhos. Na presente pesquisa, portanto, apresentamos nossa tese na configuracao da tira comica seriada de Ed Mort, personagem de Luis Fernando Verissimo (texto) e Miguel Paiva (ilustracao). Utilizamos como aporte teorico-metodologico as teorias sistemico-funcionais de Hasan, a EPG e a CC na analise de 20 textos. Concluimos que a tira comica seriada possui a seguinte EPG: FR ^ C ^ EN ^ P * ^ [Lg´ ^ B´ ^ Lt´ ^ MV´]* ^ [ E * ^ Sar´ ^ Rq´ ^ Tem *]* ^ Aau * ^ Ib ^ S . Sendo assim, validamos a nossa tese, que podera ser (re)utilizada futuramente em outros generos dos quadrinhos.
Sexual Politics in Modern Iran

Part I. Pre-modern Practices: 1. Formal marriage 2. Slave concubinage, temporary marriage, and harem wives 3. Class, status-defined homosexuality, and rituals of courtship Part II. Toward a Westernized Modernity: 4. On the road to an ethos of monogamous, heterosexual marriage 5. Redefining purity, unveiling bodies, shifting desires 6. Imperialist politics, romantic love, and the impasse over women's suffrage 7. Suffrage, marriage reforms, and the threat of female sexuality 8. The rise of leftist guerrilla organizations and Islamism Part III. Forging an Islamist Modernity and Beyond: 9. The Islamic revolution, its sexual economy, and the Left 10. Islamist women and the emergence of Islamic feminism 11. Birth control, female sexual awakening, and the gay lifestyle Conclusion: toward a new Muslim-Iranian sexuality for the twenty-first century.
Antibiotics as Tools for Metabolic Studies X. INHIBITION OF PHOSPHORYL TRANSFER REACTIONS IN MITOCHONDRIA BY PELIOMYCIN, OSSAMYCIN AND VENTURICIDIN

Abstract The inhibitory effects of the antibiotics ossamycin, peliomycin, and venturicidin on oxidative phosphorylation and on related reactions in rat liver mitochondria have been studied and have been compared to inhibitory properties of rutamycin, a member of the oligomycin family. Peliomycin, ossamycin, and rutamycin are qualitatively alike in their inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and the ATPase reactions induced by various agents. On a weight basis, peliomycin and rutamycin are equally effective, but two to four times as much ossamycin is required for equivalent inhibition. Venturicidin was found to have inhibitory properties principally similar to rutamycin, but differed in that it failed, even at high concentrations, to inhibit completely the coupled phosphorylation in mitochondria. At low concentrations, venturicidin was less effective than rutamycin in inhibiting the ATPase reactions induced by dinitrophenol, valinomycin, or tricyanoaminopropene, but at higher concentrations it inhibited these ATPases as completely as rutamycin. The effects of partially inhibitory amounts of rutamycin and venturicidin were found to be at least additive, and it is concluded that these two antibiotics act at the same site.
Geometric Algorithms for 3D Interface Reconstruction

We describe geometrical algorithms for interface reconstructions for 3D generalized polyhedral meshes. Three representative piece-wise linear interface calculation methods are considered, namely gradient based method, least squares volume-of-fluid interface reconstruction algorithm, and moment-of-fluid method. Geometric algorithms for the 3D interface reconstructions are described. Algorithm for the intersection of a convex polyhedron with half-space is presented with degenerate cases. Fast iterative methods for volume matching interface computation are introduced. The numerical optimization method for interface normal computation is presented, and its super-linearly convergence is demonstrated. Finally, actual reconstruction of complex geometry is demonstrated.
Fabrication and Properties of Diamond Devices

Abstract In order to improve the characteristics of the diamond metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET), a new structure having a non-doped layer between the gate electrode and the boron-doped layer was fabricated using selective epitaxial growth. The gate electrode was made of aluminum and the source and drain electrodes were made of tungsten. This FET was found to have a tendency toward drain current saturation at room temperature and to operate at 300 °C.
Law or treaty? Defining the edge of legal studies in the early and high medieval periods

This article is an attempt to define treaties in a legal context, thereby re-aligning the medieval historiography with its modern counterpart, and to explore some of the textual and practical possibilities and problems of this context. It considers why some treaties in the early and high middle ages have been regarded as laws while others have not and argues that while the modern concept of international law is based on the three principles of treaties, practice and custom, and general principles of law (including canon or Roman law), medieval scholars have only looked to the latter principle, thereby disregarding the treaties themselves and legal practice.
Identification and Optimization of Aircraft Dynamics

A technique is described for the design of an adaptive controller for multivariable systems and is based on recently developed methods for identification and optimization. An application of the method to a helicopter system with time-varying parameters is considered in detail. The response of the adaptive system is compared with the corresponding response of a system with a fixed controller and a system using optimal control. The comparison reveals the almost optimal character of the adaptive system. Nomenclature A = n X n, system matrix B = n X m, input matrix C = n X n, model matrix F = m X n, feedback matrix G — n X n, model matrix (estimate of A) H = n X m, model matrix (estimate of B) K = n x n, symmetric Riccati matrix P = n X n, symmetric positive definite matrix used in the model Q, S — n X n, symmetric positive semidefinite matrices of the performance index Qi = n X n, symmetric positive definite Lyapunov matrix R = m X m, symmetric positive definite matrix of the
The Sinc-Galerkin method for parameter-dependent self-adjoint problems

The Sinc-Galerkin method is being applied to a growing number of diverse problems in ordinary and partial differential equations including both forward and inverse (parameter recovery) problems. As a result of these continuing extensions, the treatment of parameter-dependent problems needs to be thoroughly investigated. Two specific questions considered here are the incorporation of various nonhomogeneous boundary conditions and the treatment of a variable parameter. The latter topic is particularly important for inverse problems that arise when numerically estimating physical parameters. The point of view taken emphasizes the maintenance of the classical exponential convergence rate. The techniques described are suitable both for the direct problem and for the parameter estimation problem. Numerical results are presented to substantiate the accuracy of the method.
On the stability of nonlinear controlled systems

Abstract In this article, the problem of stability of non-linear controlled systems is discussed by the application of Liapunov's second method. Certain stability criteria based on the method proposed by A. I. Lur'e and some other simplified criteria of stability are given.
On the equivalence of three approximate continuous review inventory models

This paper considers the problem of computing reorder points and order quantities for continuous review inventory systems subject to either a service level constraint or a constraint on the average fraction of time out of stock. It is demonstrated that three apparently distinct models are equivalent under these circumstances. Using this equivalence, streamlined algorithms for computed lot sizes and recorder points are developed.
Treatment utilization and barriers to treatment engagement among people with body dysmorphic symptoms

Abstract Objectives Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with an imagined or minor appearance flaw. Many aspects of BDD remain unknown, such as rates of treatment utilization, types of treatment sought, and barriers to treatment. The present study sought to examine rates and patterns of treatment utilization as well as barriers to treatment among individuals with body dysmorphic symptoms. Methods The present study consists of 401 individuals with symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of BDD who completed self-reported measures of treatment utilization and barriers to treatment in an internet survey. Results Consistent with past research, results showed that individuals with probable BDD reported seeking non-mental health treatments for BDD (e.g., plastic surgery). Additionally, an examination of treatment barriers demonstrated significant barriers for the sample for the three domains examined: logistic and financial; stigma, shame, and discrimination; and treatment skepticism. Secondary analyses revealed a differential endorsement of treatment barriers across ethnic groups for all three barrier domains. Conclusion These data suggest that BDD is still an underrecognized disorder with marked barriers to treatment. Increased education and dissemination efforts are warranted.
Noninvasive ventilation in large postoperative flail chest.

An 11-year-old male developed a severe respiratory failure due to a iatrogenic flail chest following a surgery for removing a large chest wall area. A rare Ewing sarcoma was histologically diagnosed and intensive chemotherapy was administered. Postoperatively, because of the failure in ventilation weaning, the patient was electively extubated and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation through face-mask was provided. Respiratory support avoided asynchronous paradoxical movements and achieved pneumatic stabilization. Clinical and respiratory improvement allowed a successful weaning from ventilator. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:831–833. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sports-related testicular injuries and the use of protective equipment among young male athletes

Objective To survey young male athletes to determine the self-reported prevalence of sports-related testicular injuries and use of protective equipment among adolescents and young adults. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to male students at local high schools and colleges. Respondents were asked about personal and team member usage of athletic cups and history of testicular injuries. Returned surveys were analyzed for descriptive statistics and compared between high school and college respondents. Results Approximately 1700 surveys were distributed and 731 returned. The mean age of all respondents was 17.7 years. Across all sports, 18% of athletes experienced a testicular injury during sports and 36.4% observed injuries in team members, whereas only 12.9% of respondents reported wearing athletic cups. The prevalence of testicular injuries for lacrosse, wrestling, baseball, and football was 48.5%, 32.8%, 21%, and 17.8%, respectively. Of athletes reporting a prior injury, 20.1% reported that they wear a cup now. Rates of athletic cup usage were significantly less for college baseball, football, and all respondents compared with their high school counterparts. Conclusion Previously reported rates of testicular injury with sports participation may underestimate the prevalence of these injuries among adolescent and young adult athletes among whom testicular protective equipment is infrequently used.
Analysis of a Characteristics Scheme for a Quasilinear Hierarchical Size-Structured Model

In this article, we consider a characteristics scheme for solving a hierarchical size-structured population model with nonlinear growth, reproduction and mortality rates. We fully analyze the scheme to establish consistency, stability, and convergence results.
How to write a systematic review

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is the combination of the best available research evidence with clinical experience and patient needs. The concept of EBM as a part of clinical decision making has become increasingly popular over the last decade. In the hierarchy of studies meta-analysis and systematic reviews occupy the highest levels. A systematic review of a clinical question can be performed by following a relatively standard form. These techniques as described here can be performed without formal training. Systematic reviews conducted in this fashion can be used as a higher form of current concepts or as review articles and replace the traditional expert opinion narrative review.
Doubly stochastic Poisson distribution of platelet adhesion on material surfaces and its implication on fluorescence image analysis

An image based assay has been developed to quantify platelet adhesion on material surfaces. Briefly, citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP) is incubated with materials for 2 h to allow platelet adhesion on the surface, followed by fluorescence labeling of platelets with Celltracker Green. Multiple images are acquired by an automatic fluorescence microscope, IN Cell Analyzer 1000. Platelets are identified and counted by an automatic image analysis algorithm. We have observed that the variance of the counts is considerably greater than expected from simple distribution laws. Statistical analysis of that difference shows that these measurements will often follow a doubly stochastic Poisson process in which the variance is inherently very large. To overcome this, multiple images (n > or = 8 images/well, about 3% of total area) are necessary to achieve accurate counting. This method has been compared to the commonly used enzyme based platelet adhesion assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. It is concluded that the present method is only effective in quantifying adherent platelets when a large number of samples are used. However, this method does provide additional information on platelet morphology and spatial distribution, which is lacking in the LDH assay.
Accounting for goodwill: A case analysis of the U.S., U.K. and Japan

Abstract This paper discusses the international differences in accounting for goodwill, for financial reporting, and tax purposes. Financial publications have often discussed a bidding disadvantage that the U.S. face, because it must amortize goodwill, whereas British firms may write off goodwill directly to stockholders' equity. The effect of these differences on acquisitions is investigated within the specific environments of the United States, Great Britain, and Japan. Using a case analysis, the paper demonstrates that the different financial reporting rules should not put U.S. firms at a disadvantage. However, Japanese firms may have a bidding advantage over the other two countries.
A Genome-wide Camptothecin Sensitivity Screen Identifies a Mammalian MMS22L-NFKBIL2 Complex Required for Genomic Stability

Replication stress involving collision of replisomes with camptothecin (CPT)-stabilized DNA-Topoisomerase I adducts activates an ATR-dependent pathway to promote repair by homologous recombination. To identify human genes that protect cells from such replication stress, we performed a genome-wide CPT sensitivity screen. Among numerous candidate genes are two previously unstudied proteins: the ankyrin repeat protein NFKBIL2 and C6ORF167 (MMS22L), distantly related to yeast replication stress regulator Mms22p. MMS22L and NFKBIL2 interact with each other and with FACT (facilitator of chromatin transcription) and MCM (minichromosome maintenance) complexes. Cells depleted of NFKBIL2 or MMS22L are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents, load phosphorylated RPA onto chromatin in a CTIP-dependent manner, activate the ATR/ATRIP-CHK1 and double-strand break repair signaling pathways, and are defective in HR. This study identifies MMS22L-NFKBIL2 as components of the replication stress control pathway and provides a resource for discovery of additional components of this pathway.
Critical sets in 3-space

Given a non-empty compact set C ⊂R 3, is C the set of critical points for some smooth proper functionf :R 3 →R +? In this paper we prove that the answer is “yes” for Antoine’s Necklace and most but not all tame links.
The psychopath magnetized: insights from brain imaging

Psychopaths commit a disproportionate amount of violent crime, and this places a substantial economic and emotional burden on society. Elucidation of the neural correlates of psychopathy may lead to improved management and treatment of the condition. Although some methodological issues remain, the neuroimaging literature is generally converging on a set of brain regions and circuits that are consistently implicated in the condition: the orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and the anterior and posterior cingulate and adjacent (para)limbic structures. We discuss these findings in the context of extant theories of psychopathy and highlight the potential legal and policy implications of this body of work.
Computer integration into the accounting curriculum: Learning benefits, problems, and guidelines

Abstract The successes and difficulties reported by accounting educators are used to identify learning benefits and problems associated with computer integration. Many of the learning benefits posited for computer use relate to characteristics inherent in computers. On the other hand, many of the problems created by computer integration generally result from assignments that do not facilitate the learning of accounting. The authors present three guidelines for computer use which rely on learning theory instead of the capabilities of the computer.
Feature-based multiblock finite element mesh generation

Hexahedral finite element mesh development for anatomic structures and biomedical implants can be cumbersome. Moreover, using traditional meshing techniques, detailed features may be inadequately captured. In this paper, we describe methodologies to handle multi-feature datasets (i.e., feature edges and surfaces). Coupling multi-feature information with multiblock meshing techniques has enabled anatomic structures, as well as orthopaedic implants, to be readily meshed. Moreover, the projection process, node and element set creation are automated, thus reducing the user interaction during model development. To improve the mesh quality, Laplacian- and optimization-based mesh improvement algorithms have been adapted to the multi-feature datasets.
Extended chain crystals of linear high polymers

Studies of extended chain crystals carried out over the last 10 years have been reviewed. Crystallization in an extended chain conformation is possible either by chain folding followed by extension in the solid state, or by crystallization during polymerization. The equilibrium isometric crystal habit is only rarely exhibited. Crystals which derive from folded chain macroconformation by subsequent chain extension have lamellar habit, crystals which crystallize during polymerization often show fibrillar habit because of nucleation limitation. The morphology of extended chain crystals is analogous to folded chain crystals. Their properties have been shown to be close to the extrapolated equilibrium properties.
Vorticity boundary conditions for Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract A numerical study of the streamfunction-vorticity formulation of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is developed using a boundary integral condition for the vorticity. The method is appropriate for steady viscous channel flows and flows past rigid bodies where vorticity is generated by the viscous shear, and concentrated near the no-slip boundaries. The boundary integral method is presented along with the discussion of the kinetic and kinematic aspects of the problem. An iterative method is required to reduce the integral boundary condition to a sequence of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The iterative process is incorporated into time marching and nonlinear iterations algorithm used for the vorticity transport equation. The convergence of the iterative process is very sensitive to relaxation parameters. A convergence analysis of the method for the steady Stokes problem leads to the selection of these parameters: the technique is applied to the Navier-Stokes equations. The vorticity transport equation is discretized in space using a Galerkin/Least-squares finite element formulation: this leads to a system of ordinary differential equations, which is solved using a predictor-corrector algorithm.
Tectonics of the Panama Basin, Eastern Equatorial Pacific

The Panama Basin includes portions of the Nazca, Cocos and South America lithospheric plates and borders the Caribbean plate. The complex interactions of these units have largely determined the topography, pattern of faulting, sediment distribution, and magnetic character of the basin. Only heat flow data fail to correlate with major structural features related to these units. The topographic basin appears to have been created by rifting of an ancestral Carnegie Ridge. The occurrence of a distinctive smooth acoustic basement and a characteristic overlying evenly stratified sedimentary sequence on virtually all elevated blocks in the basin suggest that they all once formed part of this ancestral ridge. The present Carnegie Ridge is the relatively undeformed southern half of this feature, while the Cocos Ridge is the northern half fragmented by left-lateral north-south transcurrent faulting. As blocks of the Cocos Ridge reach the Middle America Trench, they appear to clog the subduction zone and become welded to the Nazca plate. Thus, the active transform fault at the eastern edge of the Cocos plate has episodically shifted west as segments of the trench were deactivated. Such a shift appears to be occurring at the present time.
The tetranuclear manganese cluster in photosystem II: Location and magnetic properties of the S2 state as determined by saturation-recovery EPR spectroscopy

The spin−lattice relaxation enhancement of the dark-stable tyrosine radical, YD•, by the S2 state of the O2-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) has been measured by using saturation−recovery EPR spectroscopy. Two forms of the S2 state have been compared: the multiline EPR signal species in untreated PSII and the altered multiline EPR signal species in NH3-treated PSII. Previous work has shown that the non-single-exponential spin−lattice relaxation kinetics of YD• in S2-state PSII result from a dipole−dipole interaction with the Mn4 cluster of the OEC. By taking into account the temperature variation of the effective magnetic moment of the S2-state multiline EPR signal form of the OEC, we provide a quantitative analysis of its temperature-dependent enhancement of the spin−lattice relaxation of YD•. Different spin states of the Mn4 cluster in the S2 state are responsible for the effect at different temperature regimes: for T ≤ 10 K, it is the ground spin state (S = 1/2); for T ≥ 30 K, it is th...
Rapid Tooling Injection Molded Prototypes: A Case Study in Artificial Photosynthesis Technology☆

Abstract In this paper we will explores techniques for fabricating optical components for use in an artificial photosynthesis prototype. Specifically, methods were developed for creating rapid tooling to injection mold optics. Three mold fabrication methods were compared: CNC machining of plastic, CNC machining of aluminum, and 3D printing of plastic. For the 3D printed parts, three finishes processes were explored: hot- pressing with a steel shaft, coating with printer resin, and mechanically polishing with a scraper and buffer. Mold fabrication and finishing methods were evaluated based on speed, difficulty and quality. From this preliminary investigation, resin-coated 3D printed molds show promise for use in rapid tooling for injection molding.
Dynamic transmission range in inter-vehicle communication with stop-and-go traffic

Inter-vehicle communication is a promising way to share and disseminate real-time and nearby safety information on the road. However, several pressing open questions require solutions in order to achieve high reliability and efficiency with these systems. Further, previous studies show that mobility model can significantly influence the communication performance in vehicular networks. In this paper, we analyze communication in stop-and-go waves and propose a method to optimize an important network parameter, the transmission range, based on traffic pattern measures. Our findings suggest a transmission range adjustment scheme that achieves high reliability by considering network coverage and packet reception rates.
Targeting Amyloid-β Peptide (Aβ) Oligomers by Passive Immunization with a Conformation-selective Monoclonal Antibody Improves Learning and Memory in Aβ Precursor Protein (APP) Transgenic Mice

Passive immunization of murine models of Alzheimer disease amyloidosis reduces amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) levels and improves cognitive function. To specifically address the role of Aβ oligomers in learning and memory, we generated a novel monoclonal antibody, NAB61, that preferentially recognizes a conformational epitope present in dimeric, small oligomeric, and higher order Aβ structures but not full-length amyloid-β precursor protein or C-terminal amyloid-β precursor protein fragments. NAB61 also recognized a subset of brain Aβ deposits, preferentially mature senile plaques, and amyloid angiopathy. Using NAB61 as immunotherapy, we showed that aged Tg2576 transgenic mice treated with NAB61 displayed significant improvements in spatial learning and memory relative to control mice. These data implicated Aβ oligomers as a pathologic substrate for cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease.
Incorporating Manual and Robotic Locomotor Training into Clinical Practice: Suggestions for Clinical Decision Making

Technological advances afford individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) the ability to improve locomotor function through the use of body weight—supported (BWS) treadmill training. Rehabilitation providers now have the choice of BWS manual and robotic (i.e., Lokomat/Autoambulator) locomotor training (LT) systems to provide training in a safe treadmill environment. Several lines of evidence suggest that individuals with motor incomplete SCI who participate in intense LT can improve walking abilities and that these changes can be maintained for several months to years post LT. Health-related benefits of LT include increases in cross-sectional area of muscle, improved perception of health and physical capacity, and ultimately improved quality of life. Clinicians are challenged in making sound clinical decisions about which device to use, or in which order if both are available, due to the paucity of research comparing the manual and robotic systems for neural, functional, or health-related benefits after SCI...
Fibroblast-growth-factor receptor mutations in human skeletal disorders

Fibroblast-growth-factor receptors (FGFRs), members of the tyrosine-kinase receptor family, play a crucial role in signal transduction and development. Recently, unique mutations in three human FGFR-encoding genes (FGFR1-3) have been identified as the cause of a variety of skeletal disorders. Comparison of these specific mutations with the resulting phenotypes is now providing new insight into the role of these receptors in normal and abnormal bone development.
Blood Pressure Screenings Through Community Nursing Health Fairs: Motivating Individuals to Seek Health Care Follow-Up

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of blood pressure [BP] screenings through community-based health fairs. Effectiveness was measured by those with high BP readings who either made an appointment with or actually followed up with their primary care provider [PCP] in person following post-screening referral. Data sources: Anonymized data were provided for 958 individuals who obtained BP screening through a three-day health fair provided by the Ceres Police Department Nurse Program. Conclusions: Of 958 screened, 170 (17.8%) were identified with high BP readings and provided with PCP referral. Data were analyzed on 124 individuals with high BP recordings. Of the 124 PCP referrals, 116 (93%) either made an appointment with or followed up in person with their PCP following BP screening. Of the 98 who visited with their PCP, 29 (30%) were either placed on BP medication, had their current BP medication dose increased, or were changed to another BP medication by their PCP. Implications for Practice: Hypertens...
Copper ferrite revisited

Abstract Reinvestigation of the Jahn-Teller distortion of the copper ferrospinel has established that the critical number of octahedral-site Cu 2+ ions per formula unit for a cooperative distortion to tetragonal symmetry at room temperature is ca 0.8. Several anomalies associated with the tetragonal-cubic transition have been noted in the literature; these anomalies are shown to reflect not only a tendency for segregation into Cu-rich and Cu-poor regions in the neighborhood of T t , but also a quenching in of both tetrahedral-site Cu 2+ and oxygen vacancies on rapid cooling. The intersite exchange Cu 2+ A + Fe 3+ B = Cu 2+ B + Fe 3+ A to reestablish equilibrium becomes facile near 250°C; reoxidation becomes facile near 325°C. This temperature resolution of the two processes in quenched samples is reflected in the temperature variation of the c a ratio and the electrical resistance below T t ; these variations can be interpreted in terms of variations in the octahedral-site Cu 2+ concentration and the associated splitting of the Fe 3+ B and Cu + B energies.
Rotordynamic coefficients for compressible flow in tapered annular seals

Derivation of the governing equations for compressible flow in a tapered annular seal is based on Hirs' turbulent bulk-flow model. Zeroth and first-order perturbation equations are developed by an expansion in the eccentricity ratio. These equations are numerically integrated to obtain the leakage, and the direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients. Seal parameters similar to the Space Shuttle Main Engine High Pressure Oxidizer Turbopump are used to demonstrate output from the analysis procedure. The effects of preswirl and seal taper are shown for three different length-to-diameter ratios. Generally the results indicate that prerotating the fluid significantly increases the cross-coupled stiffness but has little effect on the other coefficients, and increasing the convergent taper increases the direct stiffness while decreasing the direct damping and cross-coupled stiffness.
Immune recognition at the maternal-fetal interface: overview.

: Trophoblast antigens at the maternal-fetal interface that are capable of stimulating maternal immune responses have been studied. Candidates are blood group I and P, HA, FcΔ-receptors, TLX, and phospholipids. Antigens I and P on trophoblast have been implicated in pregnancy loss but incompatible i,p mothers are rare. HLA-G is expressed on cytotrophoblast; however, no evidence for HLA-G allotypy or maternal responses to these molecules exists, although HLA-G has been implicated in recruitment of suppressor T cells. Receptors for IgG (FcΔ-RI, FcΔ-RII and FcΔ-III) are present on trophoblast but allotypy is limited to the NA1-NA2 antigen system associated with FcΔ-RIII on neutrophils. Maternal Fc-γR blocking antibodies have been linked to pregnancy success. The TLX alloantigen system was described by using xenogeneic antisera. Idiotype-antiidiotype regulated maternal responses to TLX are proposed as necessary for successful pregnancy. Several putative TLX monoclonal antibodies (Mab) recognize a regulator of complement activation called MCP (membrane cofactor protein, or CD46). Mab to MCP do not exhibit allotypy. Syncytial and cytotrophoblastic membranes are rich sources of MCP. Preliminary data suggest that a conformational site induced by C3b (iC3) binding to MCP may be responsible for TLX allotypy. Certain pregnancy loss patients produce antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA). Some investigators believe that aPA recognize a plasma protein cofactor, β2GPI and not phospholipid per se. We produced three Mab specific for β2GPI, one of which fails to recognize β2GPI bound to phospholipid. By using these Mab in immunocytochemical studies of normal term placentae, β2GPI was observed on syncytial and cytotrophoblast as well as on fetal stem vessel endothelia. These Mab indicate that the β2GPI present in placentae is phospholipid bound.
Women on Public-Company Boards: Factors That Affect their Odds of Board Membership Relative to Those of Men

Despite anecdotal support, empirical evidence for network effects on women's advancement to corporate board membership has yet to be fully documented. To address these gaps in extant knowledge, the primary questions that the proposed project seeks to answer how network variables affect the likelihood of board membership for women differently from men? We found, from examining the networks of 489 directors, constraints in the opportunity structure available to women in the upper echelons of organizations.
TIPS for organizing a local ACM-SIGNUM group

Have you ever wanted to regularly meet with people having interests in numerical analysis? Perhaps forming a local ACM-SIGNUM group is the answer. What needs to be done to start such a group? This question often stymies people and kills the whole idea. Some of the major points that must be considered are these.