cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Methods and Future Trends in Seismological Volcano Monitoring

Volcanic processes operate over a wide range of time scales that require a variety of instruments and techniques for their study. Short-period seismology typically covers the band 0.1–1 s, while broadband seismology can extend that band to 0.1–100 s. Borehole strainmeters may be used to cover the very wide band from 0.1 s to 100 days and Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys are useful to track deformation over time scales ranging from days to decades. Arrays of three-component broadband seismographs coupled with arrays of borehole strainmeters are required to monitor the dynamics of magmatic and hydrothermal fluids prior to and during eruptions. Inversions of broadband data may be performed to image the forces operating at a source and infer the fluid pathway geometry and mass transport balance in a volcano. The accuracy of such inversions depends on the degree of resolution achieved for the volcanic structure. High-resolution tomography based on iterative inversions of seismic travel-time data can image three-dimensional structures at a scale of a few hundred meters provided adequate local short-period earthquake data are available. Hence, forces in a volcano are potentially resolvable for periods longer than a few seconds. Studies of long-period events and tremor at periods ≤ 1s offer constraints on pressure fluctuations resulting from unsteady mass transport, and observations of volcano-tectonic activity tell us about hydraulic fracturing processes, as well as brittle response of the rock matrix to stress changes induced by rapid injection and/or withdrawal of fluids. Short-period networks are routinely used to monitor, locate, and assess the source properties of volcano-tectonic earthquakes and long-period events, while small-aperture seismic antennas are required to track tremor and separate source, path, and site effects in tremor wavefields. This chapter reviews quantitative methods used in the interpretation of source processes and structures in volcanoes and discusses some of the major challenges faced by volcano seismologists in their quest to understand eruptive behavior.
Human Motion Analysis and Vision-Based Articulated Pose Estimation

This doctoral consortium paper discusses our research plans to conduct human motion analysis and articulated pose estimation to solve the problem of American Sign Language (ASL) recognition in videos and to enhance Human computer interaction during Robot-aided rehabilitation.
A Hypothetical round of Golf

(1960). A Hypothetical round of Golf. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 32-33.
Growth and competition of the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. II. Light limitation

The marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hasle and Heimdal) were grown under both continous illumination and a 14 h light: 10 h dark cycle at light intensities ranging from 1.53×10-4 to 2.95×10-1 ly min-1. Under both photoperiods, T. pseudonana exhibited higher division rates than P. tricornutum at high light intensities, but the reverse was true at all light intensities <3×10-3 ly min-1. Comparison of these results with available data on light-limited growth of other planktonic algae suggests that P. tricornutum may be unusually efficient at maintaining its cell division rate at low light intensity. This efficiency may contribute substantially to its success in turbid, nutrient-enriched mass algal culture systems, the only environments in which it is known to attain great numbers.
Research on Tide Prediction Method Based on Neural Network

Starting with the research on astronomic factor which arouses tide phenomenon,this paper introduces a method of nonharmonic analysis based on neural network to predict tide.The method is illustrated with an example of actual data of Hongkong tide station in 2002.The result indicates the method is feasible and the precision of the prediction is a little higher than that of tide table.
Rapid Resolution of Cholangitic Abscess and Biliary Sepsis in a Liver Transplant Recipient after Hepatic Artery Revascularization

Hepatic arterial flow is paramount in preserving biliary integrity. We present an interesting clinical scenario of a liver transplant recipient with biliary anastomotic stricture who developed biliary abscess and sepsis after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. The abscess did not respond to maximal medical management, percutaneous drainage, and adequate endoscopic biliary drainage. Clinically, patient continued to deteriorate and imaging identified hepatic artery stenosis which was treated with percutaneous intra-arterial stenting. Revascularization and perfusion of infected area led to rapid resolution of abscess and sepsis. This case emphasizes the anatomic basis of biliary ductal pathology. An important educational point is to understand that interrupted hepatic arterial supply can lead to biliary complications in liver transplant recipients and early correction of perfusion deficit should be pursued in such cases. In nonresolving hepatobiliary infections after liver transplantation, hepatic arterial compromise should be looked for and if present promptly treated. Reperfusion of biliary system in our patient led to improved antibiotics penetration, resolution of abscess and sepsis, and healing of biliary stricture.
Characterizing consumption patterns by food frequency methods: core foods and variety of foods in diets of older Americans.

This study was designed to explore the applications and limitations of two relatively simple and inexpensive scoring systems currently used to describe food patterns. The approaches examined were variety index and core foods. The sample, stratified by age and sex, consisted of adults more than 54 years old (no. =4,983) who were interviewed in the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Variety index was determined by counting the number of different foods consumed over 3 days. Core foods were identified by tallies of the most frequently mentioned foods and by calculations of frequency use scores. The variety of foods consumed was smallest for the oldest groups. Core food lists did not vary markedly with age, sex, or analysis by tally or score. The items consumed on at least 1 of the 3 days by approximately 50% of the persons surveyed were: whole milk, ground coffee, instant coffee, white bread, potatoes prepared by methods other than frying, margarine, and sugar. Although the variety index approach provides a general sense of nutrient diversity of a diet, core food lists with weighted scores appear to be more applicable when the relationship between food usage and food-related behaviors is studied and changes in eating patterns are monitored.
It depends on your perspective: Resident satisfaction with operative experience

Abstract Introduction Resident satisfaction is a key performance metric for surgery programs; we studied factors influencing resident satisfaction in operative cases, and the concordance of faculty and resident perceptions on these factors. Methods Resident and faculty were separately queried on satisfaction immediately following operative cases. Statistical significance of the associations between resident and faculty satisfaction and case-related factors were tested by Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Results Residents and faculty were very satisfied in 56/87 (64%) and 36/87 (41%) of cases respectively. Resident satisfaction was associated with their perceived role as surgeon (p 50% of the case (p Conclusions Resident and faculty satisfaction are associated with the resident's competent performance of the case, suggesting interventions to optimize resident preparation for a case or faculty's ability to facilitate resident autonomy will improve satisfaction with OR experience.
Efficient Characterization of Bulk Heterojunction Films by Mapping Gradients by Reversible Contact with Liquid Metal Top Electrodes

The ways in which organic solar cells (OSCs) are measured and characterized are inefficient: many substrates must be coated with expensive or otherwise precious materials to test the effects of a single variable in processing. This serial, sample-by-sample approach also takes significant amounts of time on the part of the researcher. Combinatorial approaches to research OSCs generally do not permit microstructural characterization on the actual films from which photovoltaic measurements were made, or they require specialized equipment that is not widely available. This paper describes the formation of one- and two-dimensional gradients in morphology and thickness. Gradients in morphology are formed using gradient annealing, and gradients in thickness are formed using asymmetric spin coating. Use of a liquid metal top electrode, eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn), allows reversible contact with the organic semiconductor film. Reversibility of contact permits subsequent characterization of the specific areas o...
Program and Policy Evaluations in Practice: Highlights from the Federal Perspective

This paper examines the intersection of evaluation methods and usefulness of research for policy and practice from the vantage point of federal agencies that commission a large share of domestic program evaluations with the goal of improving the ability of the government to invest its scarce dollars wisely. Toward this end, the paper revisits the prominent issues discussed in prior chapters through a lens focused on understanding conditions under which particular methodological strategies are and are not helpful in advancing the job of policy analysts, policymakers, and program administrators. The aim is to provide useful guidance to evaluators in how to interact productively with the evaluation funders and intended end-users regarding how they might make their products most useful.
A system for coordinated analysis of translational readthrough and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway degrades mRNAs containing premature termination codons, limiting the expression of potentially deleterious truncated proteins. This activity positions the pathway as a regulator of the severity of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. Because many genetic diseases result from nonsense alleles, therapeutics inducing readthrough of premature termination codons and/or inhibition of NMD have been of great interest. Several means of enhancing translational readthrough have been reported to concomitantly inhibit NMD efficiency, but tools for systematic analysis of mammalian NMD inhibition by translational readthrough are lacking. Here, we introduce a system that allows concurrent analysis of translational readthrough and mRNA decay. We use this system to show that diverse readthrough-promoting RNA elements have similar capacities to inhibit NMD. Further, we provide evidence that the level of translational readthrough required for protection from NMD depends on the distance of the suppressed termination codon from the end of the mRNA.
Myeloid-specific genetic ablation of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 is protective against cancer

Increased circulating levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), by genetic manipulation or infusion, protects against melanoma growth and metastasis. Herein, we explored potential roles in melanoma tumorigenesis for host scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1), and ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1), all mediators of apoA-I and HDL sterol and lipid transport function. In a syngeneic murine melanoma tumor model, B16F10, mice with global deletion of SR-B1 expression exhibited increased plasma HDL cholesterol (HDLc) levels and decreased tumor volume, indicating host SR-B1 does not directly contribute to HDL-associated anti-tumor activity. In mice with myeloid-specific loss of ABCA1 (Abca1-M/-M ; A1-M/-M), tumor growth was inhibited by ∼4.8-fold relative to wild type (WT) animals. Abcg1-M/-M (G1-M/-M) animals were also protected by 2.5-fold relative to WT, with no further inhibition of tumor growth in Abca1/Abcg1 myeloid-specific double knockout animals (DKO). Analyses of tumor-infiltrating immune cells revealed a correlation between tumor protection and decreased presence of the immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets, Ly-6G+Ly-6CLo and Ly-6GnegLy-6CHi cells. The growth of the syngeneic MB49 murine bladder cancer cells was also inhibited in A1-M/-M mice. Collectively, our studies provide further evidence for an immune modulatory role for cholesterol homeostasis pathways in cancer.
Assessing and adapting to climate change in the Blue Mountains, Oregon (USA): Overview, biogeography, and climate

The Blue Mountains Adaptation Partnership (BMAP) was established to increase climate change awareness, assess vulnerability to climate change, and develop science-based adaptation strategies for national forest lands in the Blue Mountains region of northeast Oregon and southeast Washington (USA). The BMAP process included (1) development of a science-management partnership, (2) a vulnerability assessment of the effects of climate change on natural resources and infrastructure, (3) development of adaptation options that will help reduce negative effects of climate change and assist the transition of biological systems and management to a changing climate, and (4) ongoing dialogue and activities related to climate change in the Blue Mountains region. This special issue of Climate Services describes social context and climate change vulnerability assessments for water use and infrastructure, vegetation, and riparian ecosystems of the Blue Mountains region, as well as adaptation options for natural resource management. This manuscript introduces the special issue, describing the management, biogeographic, and climatic context for the Blue Mountains region; the climate change vulnerability assessment and adaptation process used in BMAP; and the potential applications of the information described in the special issue. Although the institutional focus of information in the special issue is U.S. Forest Service lands (Malheur, Umatilla, and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests), the broader social context and adaptation options should be applicable to other lands throughout this region and the Pacific Northwest.
Who can tolerate a marginal kidney? Predicting survival after deceased donor kidney transplant by donor-recipient combination.

The impact of donor quality on post-kidney transplant (KT) survival may vary by candidate condition. Characterizing this variation would increase access to KT without sacrificing outcomes. We developed a tool to estimate post-KT survival for combinations of donor quality and candidate condition. We studied deceased donor KT recipients (n = 120 818) and waitlisted candidates (n = 376 272) between 2005 and 2016 by using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Donor quality and candidate condition were measured by using the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and the Estimated Post Transplant Survival (EPTS) score. We estimated 5-year post-KT survival based on combinations of KDPI and EPTS score using random forest algorithms and waitlist survival by EPTS score using Weibull regressions. Survival benefit was defined as absolute reduction in mortality risk with KT. For candidates with an EPTS score of 80, 5-year waitlist survival was 47.6%, and 5-year post-KT survival was 78.9% after receiving kidneys with a KDPI of 20 and was 70.7% after receiving kidneys with a KDPI of 80. The impact of KDPI on survival benefit varied greatly by EPTS score. For candidates with low EPTS scores (eg, 40), survival benefit decreased with higher KDPI but was still substantial even with a KDPI of 100 (>16 percentage points). Our prediction tool (www.transplantmodels.com/kdpi-epts) can support individualized decision-making on kidney offers in clinical practice.
Kant on False Promises

In the second section of the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant presents four examples or illustrations of the application of his first formulation of the categorical imperative. I propose to consider one of these examples, the example of the false promise to repay a loan, and to provide an interpretation and a defense of Kant’s argument in connection with this example.
IN VIVO RELEASE OF LYMPHOKINES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the in vivo release of lymphokines. Lymphokines are nonimmunoglobulin mediators produced by activated lymphocytes. Their importance lies in the fact that they are being used in both man and animals as in vitro indicators of delayed hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. The first indication of an in vitro effect of delayed hypersensitivity was the inhibition of migration of cells from a splenic explant obtained from a tuberculous guinea pig and cultured in the presence of the specific antigen—old tuberculin. Attempts to purify, isolate, and characterize each lymphokine have been difficult. The attempts to isolate and define lymphokines have involved the preparation of antibodies specific to these mediators. Rabbit and goat antisera produced against purified fractions of lymphokine-containing culture supernatants were active in vitro against MIF and against a mitogenic factor. The chapter describes a procedure that was developed in which lymphokines such as migration inhibitory factor and Type II interferon were released in high concentrations into the circulation of mice possessing tuberculin hypersensitivity.
Daily Fluctuations in Catecholamines, Monoamine Metabolites, Cyclic AMP, and γ-Aminobutyric Acid

It seems that a very large number of physiological variables fluctuate in a rhythmic fashion with a period length of approximately 24 hr.1–3,6,11,14,15,20,33,34 In man and other primates, this is manifested by many rhythmic alterations including sleeping-waking activity, the level of attention, pain threshold, urinary excretory rates, body temperature, and plasma hormone concentrations. The cause of these changes is a matter of considerable interest. Although nonnervous peripheral tissues may be capable of generating some rhythms, it is generally felt that most daily biological rhythms originate within the central nervous system.21
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Action in Thyrotropic Cells: Mechanism of Stimulation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Secretion

Production of pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH), the major modulator of secretion of L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) and L-thyroxine (L-T4) from the thyroid gland, is, in turn, regulated by the circulating thyroid hormone level. Superimposed on the pituitary-thyroid feedback system is a modulation by the central nervous system that appears to be mediated, in large part, by hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The studies described herein were undertaken to define the intracellular events that mediate TRH stimulation of the thyrotroph, in particular, TRH stimulation of TSH secretion.
Density and Speed of Sound Measurements of Surrogate Diesel Fuels

The densities and speeds of sound of four surrogate diesel fuels of varying compositional accuracy were measured at atmospheric pressure over the combined temperature range 278.15–343.15 K. Measurement results for the surrogate fuels were compared to results obtained for the target fuel as well as to predicted values. For both density and sound speed, the least compositionally accurate four-component surrogate was the most dissimilar to the target fuel, with average absolute deviations (AADs) of 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively, while the most compositionally accurate nine-component surrogate was the most similar, with AADs of 0.8 and 0.4%, respectively. However, the relative behavior of the other two surrogates implies that greater complexity is not always required in a surrogate; the minimal number of components required for a given surrogate fuel will ultimately be determined by the specific research goals it is meant to achieve.
Bickering: A conflict speech behavior of close social distance

Abstract This paper studies a speech behavior commonly referred to as “bickering,” which occurs primarily among interlocutors of close social distance (e.g. partners, spouses, siblings, roommates). Using ethnographic methodology, the study analyzes 100 naturally occurring sequences of familial conflict conversation supplemented by ten open-ended interviews. These data enable the disambiguation of “bickering” from other speech behaviors such as “complaining” and “nagging.” The analysis offers conclusions on the typical topics, interlocutor relationships and speech behaviors inherent in the bickering event.
Depressive Symptoms Are Associated with Self-Reported Physical Limitations That Are Activity Dependent in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

AbstractOne in four patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has depression. However, the effect of depressive symptoms on self-reported physical function among patients with COPD...
High Yield Precision Transfer and Assembly of GaN µLEDs Using Laser Assisted Micro Transfer Printing

Rapid developments in GaN based µLED mass transfer & assembly have been driven by the demand for high resolution, bright and efficient displays for various solid-state lighting applications. There has however been a roadblock for the commercialization of this technology due to the poor transfer yields attained and high processing costs. The Laser Lift-Off (LLO) process used to release the µLEDs from their native substrate (sapphire) is non-trivial as it can easily crack the chips. In this work, we propose a new µLED transfer and assembly process based on adhesive bonding using a laser de-bondable thermoplastic polyimide (HD3007) that can potentially achieve transfer yields >99%. The LLO process is also done more reliably by using mechanically supported µLEDs which helps to attain nearly 100% LLO yield.
β-HPV 8E6 Dysregulates the Hippo Signaling Pathway and Induces Aneuploidy

Beta genus human papillomaviruses ({beta}-HPVs) are associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) in a subset of immunocompromised patients. Although {beta}-HPVs are not necessary for tumor maintenance, they are hypothesized to destabilize the genome in the early stages of cancer development. Supporting this idea, {beta}-HPVs 8E6 protein attenuates p53 accumulation after failed cytokinesis. This paper identifies the mechanism of this abatement. We show {beta}-HPV 8E6 dysregulates the Hippo signaling pathway (HP). It increases pro-proliferative gene expression, enhances TEAD activity and promotes cell growth. {beta}-HPV 8E6 also reduces LATS activation and p53-mediated apoptosis following unsuccessful division of mitotic cells. These phenotypes are dependent on {beta}-HPV 8E6 binding and destabilizing a cellular histone acetyltransferase, p300. Despite circumventing apoptosis, {beta}-HPV 8E6 caused increased senescence after unsuccessful cytokinesis. We linked this lack of growth to the viral proteins inability to prevent cytoplasmic sequestration of the HP transcription factor, YAP. We also show that increased telomerase reverse transcriptase activity (a common alteration in cSCCs) acts synergistically with {beta}-HPV 8E6 to promote cellular proliferation after abortive cytokinesis. While {beta}-HPV 8E6 promoted aneuploidy on its own, this genome destabilization is amplified in cells that do not divide after mitosis. Although our group and others have previously described inhibition of DNA repair, to the best of our knowledge this marks the first time that a {beta}-HPV protein has been connected to chromosome level changes in the cellular genome. This represents a substantial escalation in the known genome destabilizing properties likely to occur during a {beta}-HPV infection.nnIMPORTANCEThere is mounting evidence that {beta}-HPVs contribute to cSCCs development in immunocompromised populations. They may also augment UVs mutagenic potential, increasing cancer risk in the general population. We demonstrate that {beta}-HPV 8E6 dysregulates the Hippo signaling pathway (HP). HP regulates cell growth and apoptosis in response to a myriad of stimuli, including failed cytokinesis. {beta}-HPV 8E6 attenuates phosphorylation of the HP kinase, LATS, decreasing some but not all downstream signaling events. This allows binucleated cells to avoid apoptosis, however they succumb to senescence. We show that {beta}-HPV 8E6 synergizes with a common cSCC mutation (telomerase activation) to avoid both apoptosis and senescence. We did not find any telomerase immortalized {beta}-HPV 8E6 expressing cells that were not aneuploid after aberrant cytokinesis. This represents a substantial escalation in {beta}-HPV E6s known mutagenic potential.
Adaptive protein translation by the integrated stress response maintains the proliferative and migratory capacity of lung adenocarcinoma cells

The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved pathway that is activated by cells that are exposed to stress. In lung adenocarcinoma, activation of the ATF4 branch of the ISR by certain oncogenic mutations has been linked to the regulation of amino acid metabolism. In the present study, we provide evidence for ATF4 activation across multiple stages and molecular subtypes of human lung adenocarcinoma. In response to extracellular amino acid limitation, lung adenocarcinoma cells with diverse genotypes commonly induce ATF4 in an eIF2α-dependent manner, which can be blocked pharmacologically using an ISR inhibitor. Although suppressing eIF2α or ATF4 can trigger different biological consequences, adaptive cell-cycle progression and cell migration are particularly sensitive to inhibition of the ISR. These phenotypes require the ATF4 target gene asparagine synthetase (ASNS), which maintains protein translation independently of the mTOR/PI3K pathway. Moreover, NRF2 protein levels and oxidative stress can be modulated by the ISR downstream of ASNS. Finally, we demonstrate that ASNS controls the biosynthesis of select proteins, including the cell-cycle regulator cyclin B1, which are associated with poor lung adenocarcinoma patient outcome. Our findings uncover new regulatory layers of the ISR pathway and its control of proteostasis in lung cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS: We reveal novel regulatory mechanisms by which the ISR controls selective protein translation and is required for cell-cycle progression and migration of lung cancer cells.
Characterizing the Indigenous Forest Peoples of Latin America: Results from Census Data.

Abstract Indigenous populations in Latin America are central to regional and global efforts toward achieving socially and environmentally sustainable development. However, existing demographic research on indigenous forest peoples (IFPs) has many limitations, including a lack of comparable cross-national evidence. We address this gap by linking representative census microdata to satellite-derived tree cover estimates for nine countries in the region. Our analyses describe the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of IFPs, and draw comparisons with reference groups. Our first goal is to examine within- and between-population variation in the age structure, human capital attainment, and economic status of IFPs. We then analyze patterns of fertility among indigenous forest-dwelling women and comparison groups. Finally, we examine the association between migration patterns and tree cover among indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Findings demonstrate that Latin America’s IFPs are materially deprived and characterized by high fertility levels overall. Importantly for sustainable development efforts, we show that non-indigenous forest-dwellers outnumber IFPs by more than eight to one and that IFPs have lower fertility than their non-indigenous counterparts when other characteristics are accounted for. Additionally, we find that most in-migrants to heavily-forested areas are non-indigenous, and that in-migrants tend to settle in areas that are forested but have few indigenous inhabitants. These results provide new cross-national evidence on the state of IFPs in Latin America, and highlight the need to empower these groups in the face of growing social and environmental crises in the region.
SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A CARDIOLOGY FOR THE NON-CARDIOLOGIST COURSE: A 3-YEAR REVIEW

Primary care providers are often the first line of defense against disease. Given the increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is essential that non-cardiologists be aware of updates in clinical guidelines for early identification, management and treatment of CVD.
Single-cell proteomic analysis

The ability to comprehensively profile proteins in every individual cell of complex biological systems is crucial to advance our understanding of normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Conventional bulk cell experiments mask the cell heterogeneity in the population, while the single-cell imaging methods suffer from the limited multiplexing capacities. Recent advances in microchip-, mass spectrometry-, and reiterative staining-based technologies have enabled comprehensive protein profiling in single cells. These approaches will bring new insights into a variety of biological and biomedical fields, such as signaling network regulation, cell heterogeneity, tissue architecture, disease diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. In this article, we will review the recent advances in the development of single-cell proteomic technologies, describe their advantages, discuss the current limitations and challenges, and propose potential solutions. We will also highlight the wide applications of these technologies in biology and medicine. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
The efficacy of routine brain MRI for term neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit.

The efficacy of routine brain MRI for term infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the types and frequencies of abnormal...
The Potential to Improve the Value of U.S. Geothermal Electricity Generation Through Flexible Operations

Author(s): Millstein, D; Dobson, P; Jeong, S | Abstract: Geothermal power plants have typically been operated as baseload plants. The recent expansion of wind and solar power generation creates a potential opportunity to increase the value of geothermal generation through flexible operations. In recent years, California's wholesale electricity markets have exhibited frequent, short-term periods of negative pricing, indicating that additional flexibility would be valued in the market. Here, we examine local nodal hourly price records at all geothermal plants located in the western United States. We describe how the frequency and temporal characteristics of negative pricing episodes have changed over recent years. Based on these price series, we calculate the value of multiple strategies of flexible operations. Additionally, we use the estimates of future prices, developed through a capacity-expansion model and a dispatch model, to explore how the value of such flexible operations might change along with further penetration of variable renewable power sources. Based on the historical pricing records, we find that simple curtailment of operations during negative pricing episodes could increase the average energy value by 1-2 $/MWh and that allowing for increased production during limited high-priced hours, in addition to curtailment during negative priced hours, could potentially double the increase in value (up to 4 $/MWh). The forward-looking simulations indicate reduced values of flexibility from geothermal power despite higher penetrations of variable renewable energy. This result highlights the possibility that increasing flexibility options throughout the system may counteract the influence of increased variable renewable energy deployment.
Revision/Failed Carpometacarpophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

The incidence of failed CMC arthroplasty can be as high as 5%. Thus all busy hand surgeons will encounter this situation at least once in their career. The management of failed CMC arthroplasty can be complicated by previous surgical scarring and prolonged patient disability. Several studies have described various revision techniques which include re-excision arthroplasty with and without soft tissue interposition, ligament reconstruction, and fusion. This chapter will focus on identifying the cause of persistent pain and its surgical management. With the growing prevalence of prosthetic thumb CMC arthroplasty, emphasis will be placed on means of salvaging prosthetic arthroplasty and returning the patient to meaningful function. With careful diagnosis of the cause of recurring pain, reasonable function and pain relief can be achieved.
Rashba exciton in a 2D perovskite quantum dot.

The Rashba effect has been proposed to give rise to a bright exciton ground state in halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), resulting in very fast radiative recombination at room temperature and extremely fast radiative recombination at low temperature. In this paper we find the dispersion of the “Rashba exciton”, i.e., the exciton whose bulk dispersion reflects large spin–orbit Rashba terms in the conduction and valence bands and thus has minima at non-zero quasi-momenta. Placing Rashba excitonsin quasi-2D cylindrical quantum dots, we calculate size-dependent levels of confined excitons and their oscillator transition strengths. We consider the implications of this model for two-dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, discuss generalizations of this model to 3D NCs, and establish criteria under which a bright ground exciton state could be realized.
Temperance and Women in 19th-Century United States

The temperance movement during the 19th century developed and promulgated most of the basics of the modern definition of social problems resulting from alcohol consumption. Women participated in the movement, first under the control and leadership of men and later in their own organizations. Suffragists and women’s rights activists supported the temperance cause believing that the liquor traffic was a serious problem for women. In addition, temperance literature and speeches gave a prominent place to women: they were presented as victims of the liquor trade and as moral agents who could help develop the reform. This paper examines both aspects of the interface between women and temperance in the United States in the 19th century: women as participants and woman as symbol and issue.
Nanotechnology: Colourful particles for spectrometry

A smartphone camera, patterned with arrays of filters made from colloidal suspensions of coloured particles, has been transformed into a powerful tool for spectral analysis. See Letter p.67 Most current microspectrometers rely on interference filters and interferometric optics that limit their photon efficiency, resolution and spectral range. Jie Bao and Moungi Bawendi have developed an efficient, cost-effective microspectrometer that overcomes many of these limitations by replacing interferometric optics with a two-dimensional absorptive filter array consisting of 195 different colloidal quantum dots with absorption features that cover a broad spectral range and can measure spectral shifts down to one nanometre. This performance, together with the system's simplicity, ease of fabrication and scope for further miniaturization, points to possible application in space exploration, surgical and clinical 'lab-on-a-chip' settings.
Generation and coherent detection of far-infrared and mid-infrared radiation

We describe nonlinear optical techniques for the generation and coherent detection of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses. We demonstrate that poled polymers are particularly attractive materials for this application.
An Observation of the February 26, 1969 Interplanetary Shock Wave

Only a sparse amount of solar wind data was obtained by the Vela satellites during the February 25 solar event and the subsequent interplanetary disturbance, so that a detailed time history of solar wind properties cannot be given. However, data are available from 0004 to 0240 UT on February 26, when the Vela 4B spacecraft was near the earth’s bow shock at 19.2 earth radii, 15° solar ecliptic longitude, and —19° solar ecliptic latitude. An interplanetary shock wave, which caused the sudden commencement reported at ground stations shortly before 0200 UT, was observed at 0152 UT. An observational description of the shock and a brief discussion of its relationship to the solar events of February 25 will be given here.
Employment status and quality of life in recently diagnosed breast cancer survivors.

Background Breast cancer survivors are less likely to be employed than similar healthy women, yet effects of employment on the well being of survivors are largely unknown. In a prospective cohort study of 2013 women diagnosed from 2006 to 2011 with invasive breast cancer in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we describe associations between hours worked per week and change in employment with quality of life (QOL) from diagnosis through active treatment. Methods Participants completed information on employment status and QOL approximately 2 and 8 months post-diagnosis. QOL was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Breast Cancer. Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for potential confounders including demographic, diagnostic, and medical care factors to examine associations between employment and QOL. Results At baseline, overall well being was higher for women who worked at least some hours per week compared with women who were not working. Women working 1–19 h/week at baseline also had higher functional well being compared with women who were not working. There was a significant, positive association between hours worked per week and physical and social well being. At the 6-month follow-up, women working at least 20 h/week had higher physical and functional well being than those who were not working. Lower scores for physical and functional well being were observed among women who stopped working during the 6-month follow-up period. Conclusions Continuing to work after a breast cancer diagnosis may be beneficial to multiple areas of QOL. Strategies to help women continue working through treatment should be explored. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intravenous Acetaminophen in the United States: Iatrogenic Dosing Errors

An intravenous formulation of acetaminophen was introduced to the United States in 2011. Experience from Europe indicates that serious dosing errors are likely to occur. Most events have involved a 10-fold dosing error in small children caused by calculating the dosage in milligrams, but then administering the solution in milliliters. The solution is 10 mg/mL; therefore, a 10-fold overdose occurs. Evaluation of overdose with the intravenous formulation is similar to oral overdose. A serum acetaminophen concentration should be drawn 4 hours after the infusion was started or as soon thereafter as possible. If the serum acetaminophen concentration plots above the treatment line on the Rumack-Matthew nomogram, treatment with acetylcysteine should be initiated. Health care providers are encouraged to contact their regional poison center (1-800-222-1222) so that dosing errors will be reported, and the experience with this new product can be accumulated.
A comparison of several attribute sampling plans

The purpose of this research is to examine several types of procedures for attribute sampling inspection-the widely used Military Standard 105D plans [8], the lesser known Double Zero plans as developed by Ellis [4] and the Narrow Limit gaging plans of Ott and Mundel [9]. Each of the procedures is described with an effort made to illuminate their more subtle features. Then the plans are compared, whence it is revealed that (i) Narrow Limit gaging plans have a serious weakness in comparison to the others and (ii) Double Zero plans tend to be essentially conservative, but that sufficiently tight Military Standard 105D plans can be selected to achieve comparable performance in all ways.
'Evangelization Where It Is Not Wanted': Colonial Administrators and Missionaries in Northern Nigeria During the First Third of the Twentieth Century

This paper examines the attitudes of local colonial administrators concerning the efforts of Christian mission to proselytize in Northern Nigeria between roughly 1900 and 1935. It characterizes the conflict between them and missionaries with the goal of revising the present understanding among historians of the factors involved in the opening of Nigeria's Northern Provinces to Christian proselytization. Following missionary polemic, existing historiography has focused on the battle over entry into Muslim areas, and has seen Government support for Islam as the key issue to be explained. Thus Ayandele, in the article which provided the starting point for the ensuing debate, explained the administrators' efforts to keep missions out of the Northern Provinces as designed to prevent the advance of a competing group of Europeans. For Ayandele, the administrators' supposed predisposition toward Islam served as a cover for their autocratic manipulation of the cmirs, their puppets.' Ubah challenged this interpretation, insisting that the emirs' status as 'defenders of the faith' made them the missions' most adamant opponents, and that in prohibiting the missions from working in the emirates, the colonial government was in fact protecting the missionaries from themselves.2 Crampton, determined to reconcile the two arguments, implicated the Colonial Office as the true source of the Government's bias toward Islam.3 All three interpretations recognized administrative resistance to missionary activity as the phenomenon to be explained. All three, however, mistakenly follow the lead of the missionaries in searching for an explanation in official attitudes toward Islam. Administrators did seek appointment to the Northern Provinces based upon an empathy with Muslims.4 But this empathy has been
The kinetics of ethylene hydrogenation catalyzed by metallic palladium

The activity of Pd(111) for ethylene hydrogenation is measured using a high-pressure reactor incorporated into an ultrahigh vacuum chamber for temperatures between 300 and 475 K, ethylene pressures between 50 and 300 Torr and hydrogen pressures from 45 to 600 Torr. The reaction rate is found to be rapid with turnover frequencies up to ∼400 reactions/site/s (where rates are referenced to the atom site density on the (111) face of palladium). The measured activation energy is ∼35 kJ/mol. A hydrogen reaction order of ∼1.02 was found at a reaction temperature of 300 K and an ethylene pressure of 100 Torr, where the hydrogen reaction order was found to depend on temperature. A negative reaction order of ∼−0.22 was found in ethylene pressure at a reaction temperature of 320 K and a hydrogen pressure of 100 Torr. The reaction rates are in good agreement with values obtained on silica-supported palladium and with other work on palladium single crystals.
Ammonia decomposition on tungsten carbide

Abstract Decomposition of NH 3 is an important reaction in the cleaning of syngas obtained from the gasification of biomass as well as for the production of hydrogen for fuel cells from easily condensed NH 3 . To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports for the first time a detailed study of NH 3 decomposition on tungsten carbide (WC). Results for a commercially available Fe ammonia synthesis catalyst (Amomax-10) are also reported for comparison. The WC catalyst was characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, EDX and temperature programmed reaction (TPRx). The catalytic behavior of WC strongly depended on pretreatment conditions. The highest activity was obtained with WC samples pretreated in an 80/20 mixture of H 2 –CO. Complete decomposition of NH 3 was observed at 550 °C for 4000 ppm of NH 3 at a space velocity of 1,884,000 h −1 . At lower temperatures, the activity of the WC catalyst reached steady-state after an induction period that decreased in time with increasing temperature. Reconstruction of the surface during pretreatment and during decomposition of NH 3 is suggested to be responsible for the behavior of the catalyst observed during TPRx and time-on-stream (TOS) isothermal reaction. The commercial Fe NH 3 synthesis catalyst, although active for NH 3 decomposition, showed rapid partial deactivation following an induction period with a steady-state conversion of only 35% at 650 °C and the space velocity used. Thus, WC appears to be an excellent catalyst for use in ammonia decomposition.
SU‐GG‐J‐25: Motion Pattern of Electromagnetic Transponders Implanted in the Prostate Gland

Purpose: To investigate inter‐transponder motions over the period from implantation to the last treatment. Method and Materials: The inter‐transponder motions were assessed by the changes in the inter‐transponder distances (ITD).ITDs were obtained from simulation CTs, CBCTs and/or the Calypso System. Total 8 patients who were CT‐scanned on the same day of implantation were studied. ITDs obtained from initial CT scans were used as reference to evaluate the changes in ITDs measured at subsequent treatments. ITD variations relative to the day of implantation were plotted versus the number of days post implantation. Results: Over the 8 to 9 weeks long treatment course, most observed ITD variations were negative in values indicating reduction in the ITDs since implantation. Some patients had minimal ITD reductions (< 0.2 cm) over the entire course while some were found to be as large as 1.0 cm. The most rapid and substantial reduction in ITDs, if any, occurred during the first 2 weeks post implantation with a magnitude as large as 0.8 cm. From then on, the ITDs continued to decrease over time in most patients, but the reduction rate appeared to slow down with time. The ITDs eventually varied within a narrow range of ±0.1 cm for the rest of course. This stability, however, was not seen in one patient, where the ITD between RmB and LmB transponders continued to decrease to the last treatment day with no sign of stopping. Conclusion: The ITDs tend to reduce continuously throughout the entire course of treatment but appear to stabilize over time in most patients with few exceptions. The most rapid and substantial changes in ITD occur in the first two weeks post implantation. CT on patients for treatment planning use is preferred at least two weeks post implantation to reduce uncertainties in target delineation and localization.
Steady Flows Detected in Extreme-Ultraviolet Loops

Recent Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) observations have detected a class of active region loops whose physical properties are inconsistent with previous hydrostatic loop models. In this Letter we present the first co-aligned TRACE and the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) observations of these loops. Although these loops appear static in the TRACE images, SUMER detects line-of-sight flows along the loops of up to 40 km s-1. The presence of flows could imply an asymmetric heating function; such a heating function would be expected for heating that is proportional to (often asymmetric) footpoint field strength. We compare a steady flow solution resulting from an asymmetric heating function to a static solution resulting from a uniform heating function in a hypothetical coronal loop. We find that the characteristics associated with the asymmetrically heated loop better compare with the characteristics of the loops observed in the TRACE data.
A Corresponding States equation for saturated liquid densities. I. Applications to LNG

Presented here is a Corresponding States Method for predicting saturated liquid densities of both pure components and mixtures. The method is based on the known properties of two reference fluids and requires the critical properties and the acentric factor of the pure component(s) as input parameters. The method is tested for predicting the orthobaric densities of LNG mixtures using methane and n-butane as the reference fluids. Very accurate prediction (well within the accuracy of the experimental data) are obtained for such mixtures using, at most, only one adjustable coefficient to characterize each binary system. The method is extremely simple to use and is suitable for design applications.