cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agricultural injury in California migrant Hispanic farm workers.

Background Agriculture is among the most hazardous industries in the United States. Methods A longitudinal study of injury among migrant Hispanic farm workers residing in six Northern California Migrant Family Housing Centers (MHCs) during the 1997 harvest season was conducted. Participants completed an initial interviewer-administered work-and-health questionnaire at the beginning of the harvest season addressing the preceding year; there were three periodic follow-up surveys. Results There were 1,201 adult farm workers (participation 85.2%) who completed the initial questionnaire. Of these, 837 (69.7%) completed the final follow-up survey. There were 86 agricultural injuries (incidence 9.3/100 full-time equivalent employees (FTEs), 95% CI 7.5–11.5/100 FTE). Increased risk for agricultural injury occurred among women paid piece-rate (RR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–12.8). Sprains and strains were most common (31%), followed by lacerations (12%). Conclusions Agricultural injury experience in this cohort is comparable to that of agricultural workers in other U.S. settings. Increased risk among women paid piece-rate suggests further study and potential policy changes regarding payment regimens. Heterogeneity of injury in this population presents a major prevention challenge. In view of high frequency of strain and sprain injuries, ergonomic interventions deserve further study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 44:225–235, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Survivors of cardiac arrest: Prevention of recurrence by drug therapy as predicted by electrophysiologic testing or electrocardiographic monitoring

Abstract Sixty-two patients (44 men and 18 women, aged 15 to 75 years) resuscitated from at least 1 cardiac arrest unrelated to acute myocardial infarction were studied. No patient was taking antiarrhythmic drugs at the time of the initial cardiac arrest. Thirty-five patients had coronary artery disease (CAD) and 27 did not. Before drug therapy, control electrophysiologic studies induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 43 of 58 patients (74%) (30 of 35 with CAD and 17 of 27 without CAD). At control continuous electrocardiographic monitoring for 48 hours or longer, only 19 of 62 patients (31%) had spontaneous VT, 5 of whom had no VT induced at control electrophysiologic study. Mean follow-up was 22 months. Fourteen of 41 patients, 8 of 25 with and 6 of 16 without CAD, had VT suppressed with drugs during serial electrophysiologic testing, and none had a recurrent arrhythmic event. VT was suppressed in 12 of 14 patients receiving conventional drugs. Of 27 patients with VT induced during all drug studies, 6 died from cardiac arrest and 4 had recurrent VT. Drug efficacy in 20 patients was guided by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, and 4 of 9 patients in whom VT and ventricular pairs were suppressed by drug therapy, as documented by continuous electrocardiographic monitoring for 48 hours or longer, died of cardiac arrest. Overall, 26 patients were discharged receiving amiodarone therapy, and 5 died of cardiac arrest and 3 had recurrent sustained VT. It is concluded that in survivors of cardiac arrest, suppression of inducible VT during electrophysiologic testing predicts a favorable outcome, whereas suppression of spontaneous VT and repetitive beats during continuous electrocardiographic monitoring often is associated with recurrence of cardiac arrest. Further, the risk of recurrence cardiac arrest or sustained VT is substantial if VT is initiated at electrophysiologic study, even during amiodarone therapy.
Estrogen administration increases neuronal responses to excitatory amino acids as a long-term effect.

Abstract Ongoing studies from this laboratory have demonstrated marked potentiating actions of the sex steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) on glutamate-induced excitation. In the present study, systemic injection of a physiological dose fo E2 was demonstrated to augment significantly excitatory responses of cerebellar Purkinje (Pnj) cells to iontophoretic application of the specific excitatory amino acid (e.a.a.) agonists quisqualate and N- methyl- d -aspartate . Potentiation of e.a.a. responses was observed as rapidly as 5–10 min post E2, and was, in many cases, a persistent, non-decremental effect. These observed long-term actions of E2 may provide one mechanism for the activating effects of the steroid on sensorimotor function and acitivity.
Diel periodicity in ammonium uptake and regeneration in the oceanic subarctic Pacific: Implications for interactions in microbial food webs

Diel periodicity in NH,’ uptake and regeneration in the nutrient-rich environment of the oceanic subarctic Pacific was examined. Surface water was incubated in large shipboard microcosms that allowed repeated sampling of the planktonic community for NH,+ cycling rates, bacterial production rates, and population densities of the dominant autotrophs and heterotrophs. Changes in NH,+ concentrations and isotopic enrichments indicated that regeneration took place exclusively at night. Nitrogen uptake rates and bacterial production were maximal during the day. Abundance of <2pm autotrophic flagellates reached a maximum at the end of day or beginning of night, whereas abundance of zooflagellates in the <2-~m and I-IO-pm size classes showed a twofold variation with maximal abundances occurring at the beginning of day. These contrasting diel patterns suggest short-term, cyclic disequilibrium in production and grazing within the microbial food web. Hence, analysis of relationships among the various components of microbial populations in this type of environment will require sampling on much shorter time scales than has been attempted in past
Using a Text-Based Verbal Protocol to Elicit Secondary English Teachers' Perspectives on New Literacies

This article reports on the use of a text-based verbal protocol (Afflerbach, 2000) situated within individual interviews to elicit secondary English teachers' perspectives on new literacies (Albers & Harste, 2007; Coiro, Knobel, Lankshear, & Leu, 2008). Ranging significantly in their teaching experience and comfort with new media and digital technologies, the 16 participants were affiliated with the English department in a well-respected suburban high school in the northeast United States. Protocol data were supplemented by brief researcher-designed questionnaires and focus group interviews. The article provides background about verbal protocols; discusses how the protocol for the study was designed; shares patterns from the protocol-related data; proposes adjustments to maximize benefits and address constraints associated with the approach for future research; and discusses the significance of this work for literacy researchers.
Hyperpolarized 3He MR imaging of the lung: effect of subject immobilization on the occurrence of ventilation defects.

Rationale and Objectives To investigate immobilization-induced ventilation defects when performing hyperpolarized 3He (H3He) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lung. Methods and Materials Twelve healthy subjects underwent MRI of the lungs after inhalation of H3He gas at three time points: 1) immediately after having been positioned supine on the MRI scanner table, 2) at 45 minutes while remaining supine, 3) and immediately thereafter after having turned prone. All image sets were reviewed in random order by three independent, blinded readers who recorded number, location, and size of H3He ventilation defects. Scores were averaged for each time point and comparisons were made to determine change in number, location, and size of ventilation defects with time and positioning of the subject in the scanner. Results At baseline supine, there were small numbers of defects in the dependent (posterior) and nondependent (anterior) portions of the lung (P = .625). At 45 minutes, there was a significant increase in the mean number of ventilation defects/slice (VDS) for the dependent (P = .005) and a decrease for the nondependent lung portions (P = .021). After subjects turned prone, mean VDS for posterior defects decreased significantly (P = .011), whereas those for anterior defects increased (P = .010). Most defects were less than 3 cm in diameter. Conclusion It was found that immobilization of the subject for an extended period led to increased number of H3He ventilation defects in the dependent portions of the lung. Therefore, after a subject is positioned in the scanner, H3He MR imaging should be performed quickly to avoid the occurrence of the immobilization-induced ventilation defects and possible overestimation of disease.
Potential mechanism for vessel invagination caused by bubble oscillations

In medical ultrasound, acoustically excited bubbles are relevant to both imaging and therapeutic applications and have been implicated in causing vascular damage. A current paradigm for understanding interactions between bubbles and vessels considers the distention of small vessels and the impingement of bubble jets on vessel walls to be the most likely damage mechanisms. However, recent high-speed photographs suggest a type of interaction that is characterized by a prominent invagination of the vessel wall (i.e., an inward deflection toward the lumen) that appears to exceed any accompanying distention. To elucidate mechanisms for such behavior, a confined flow geometry between an oscillating bubble and a nearby boundary is modeled and compared to fully spherical flow. From a Bernoulli-type equation for an incompressible and inviscid liquid, the pressure attributable to a bubble at a nearby boundary is found to become biased toward negative values as the flow becomes more confined and less spherical. Such negative values are consistent with invagination. Using radial bubble dynamics inferred from a high-speed photographic sequence of a bubble in a vessel, the aforementioned model was used to simulate the pressure radiated by the bubble at the vessel wall. At the 1 MHz acoustic frequency, the simulated negative pressure is 2.5 times the positive pressure; in turn, the observed vessel displacement inward was about 6 times the corresponding outward displacement.
Are Temporary Staff Associated with More Severe Emergency Department Medication Errors

Abstract: The use of temporary staff in healthcare is on the rise due in part to work-force shortages and perceived cost savings. They may present an increased risk of errors from insufficient training and orientation, and less familiarity with local culture and practice. However, their impact, particularly in the emergency department where the risk of preventable medication errors is high, has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether temporary staff medication errors would be associated with more severe harm than permanent staff medication errors. We used a national Internet-based medication error reporting system (MEDMARX) and did a cross-sectional study of the dataset between the years 2000 and 2005. After adjusting for clustering by facility, temporary staff errors were more likely than permanent staff errors to reach the patient (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.97–2.09), require patient monitoring (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.21–3.03), result in temporary harm (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.13–8.59), and be life-threatening (OR 8.63, 95% CI 1.22–61.0). In conclusion, emergency department medication errors associated with temporary staff were more harmful than those associated with permanent staff.
Influence of cadmium on two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in Dahl rats.

In Dahl hypertension-resistant (R) and hypertension-sensitive (S) lines of rats, an ip cadmium injection exacerbated two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension and mortality in S but not in R rats. Renal and hepatic cadmium concentrations of S rats were markedly higher than those of R rats. These observations imply that the genetic background critically affects the adverse effects of cadmium on two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in Dahl rats.
Intensive genetic assessment of the mating system and reproductive success in a semi-closed population of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi.

Most genetic surveys of parentage in nature sample only a small fraction of the breeding population. Here we apply microsatellite markers to deduce the genetic mating system and assess the reproductive success of females and males in an extensively collected, semiclosed stream population of the mottled sculpin fish, Cottus bairdi . In this species, males guard nest rocks where females deposit the eggs for fertilization. The potential exists for both males and females to mate with multiple partners and for males to provide parental care to genetically unrelated offspring. Four hundred and fifty-five adults and subadults, as well as 1259 offspring from 23 nests, were genotyped at five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Multilocus maternal genotypes, deduced via genetic analyses of embryos, were reconstructed for more than 90% of the analysed nests, thus allowing both male and female reproductive success to be estimated accurately. There was no genetic evidence for cuckoldry, but one nest probably represents a takeover event. Successful males spawned with a mean of 2.8 partners, whereas each female apparently deposited her entire clutch of eggs in a single nest (mean fecundity = 66 eggs/female). On average, genetically deduced sires and dams were captured 1.6 and 9.3 metres from their respective nests, indicating little movement by breeders during the spawning season. Based on a ‘genetic mark—recapture’ estimate, the total number of potentially breeding adults ( c . 570) was an order-of-magnitude larger than genetically based estimates of the effective number of breeders ( c . 54). In addition, significantly fewer eggs per female were deposited in single than in multidam nests. Not only were perceived high-quality males spawning with multiple partners, but they were receiving more eggs from each female.
Using General Estimating Equations to Analyze Oral Health in the Moche Valley of Perú

Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599-3355ABSTRACT This study introduces a new method for analyzing oral health indicators and thus reconstructing diet. To thisend, we examined the dental remains of 173 individuals recovered from the site of Cerro Oreja in the MocheValley of Peru, who lived during the Salinar (400–1 BC) or Gallinazo (AD 1–200) phases. The infectious anddegenerative conditions analyzed include: dental caries, dental wear, dental abscess, antemortem tooth lossand dental calculus, all of which have been used to track dietary and thus subsistence-related economic andsociopolitical changes. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations, an extension of general-ized linear models. Signiﬁcant changes in the frequency of occurrence of most dental conditions suggest thatduring the period of study, there was an increase in the consumption of agricultural products. However, thesechangesin oral health did not equally affect females and males. By the end of the Gallinazo phase, signiﬁcantsex differences developed, with females more often affected by dental caries and males displaying greatermean molar wear scores. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key words: oral health; Peru; general estimating equations
Haplotype Probabilities in Advanced Intercross Populations

Advanced intercross populations, in which multiple inbred strains are mated at random for many generations, have the advantage of greater precision of genetic mapping because of the accumulation of recombination events across the multiple generations. Related designs include heterogeneous stock and the diversity outcross population. In this article, I derive the two-locus haplotype probabilities on the autosome and X chromosome with these designs. These haplotype probabilities provide the key quantities for developing hidden Markov models for the treatment of missing genotype information. I further derive the map expansion in these populations, which is the frequency of recombination breakpoints on a random chromosome.
Growth, Development, and Reproduction in Gulf Corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus)

Abstract Gulf corvina, Cynoscion othonopterus, is a vital component of commercial fisheries in the northern Gulf of California, but a lack of information on life history parameters have thus far prevented a comprehensive stock assessment. In this project, 530 specimens of Gulf corvina were collected from commercial gill net fisheries in the Colorado River Delta region in Sonora, Mexico, to characterize population structure, age and growth patterns, age and size at sexual maturity and batch fecundity. Fish ranged from 145 mm to 1013 mm in total length and from 1 to 8 years of age. Von Bertalanffy growth model parameters were: L∞ = 1006 mm, k = 0.255/yr, t0 = 0.616 years. Growth rates of Gulf corvina did not differ significantly between sexes, although females were predicted to reach a larger asymptotic length. Mean size (Lm50) and age (Am50) at sexual maturity from histological analyses of gonad tissues was 294.7 mm and 2.3 years for females and 267.5 mm and 2.0 years for males. Maturity estimates from...
Efficient multi-dimensional key management in broadcast services

The prevalent nature of Internet makes it a well suitable medium for many new types of services such as location-based services and streaming content. Subscribers to such services normally receive encrypted content and can obtain access to it if they possess the corresponding decryption key. Furthermore, in location-based services a subscription is normally granted to a geographic area specified by user-specific coordinates (x1, x2), (y1, y2) and custom time interval (t1, t2). Similarly, subscriptions to other services also involve multiple dimensions. The problem of key management is then to assign keys to each point on a D-dimensional grid and to subscribers in such a way as to permit all users to obtain access only to the resources in their subscriptions and minimize the associated overhead. In this work, we develop a novel key management scheme for multi-dimensional subscriptions that both outperforms existing solutions and supports a richer set of access privileges than existing schemes. Our scheme is provably secure under the Decision Linear Diffie-Hellman Assumption.
Semantic confidence measurement for spoken dialog systems

This paper proposes two methods to incorporate semantic information into word and concept level confidence measurement. The first method uses tag and extension probabilities obtained from a statistical classer and parser. The second method uses a maximum entropy based semantic structured language model to assign probabilities to each word. Incorporation of semantic features into a lattice posterior probability based confidence measure provides significant improvements compared to posterior probability when used together in an air travel reservation task. At 5% False Alarm (FA) rate relative improvements of 28% and 61% in Correct Acceptance (CA) rate are achieved for word level and concept level confidence measurements, respectively.
Action Threshold Treatment Regimens for Red Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Tomato Fruitworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Tomato

The tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the foremost pest of tomato in the Mariana Islands. Similarly, the red spider mite, Tetranychus marianae McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a chief pest of vegetables particularly on tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae). However, the infestations by T. marianae are heavy during the early stages of crop growth, while infestations of H. armigera become prominent at later stages. Because no threshold levels are available for these pests, many growers apply up to 15 chemical applications per tomato cropping period. To reduce the regular spray schedules chemical applications and to prevent damage to foliage and fruit quality, the present study was undertaken for the development of action threshold levels for the timing of chemical applications for T. marianae and H. armigera on tomato in the Mariana Islands. Therefore, different threshold levels were evaluated for timing applications of Sun-spray 6E® horticultural oil against T. marianae and Aza-Direct®, neem against H. armigera on tomato in the wet and dry seasons at 2 locations, Dededo and Inaranjan, in Guam, USA during 2011 and 2012. Based on T. marianae infested leaves, incidence of T. marianae and yield levels, the plots sprayed at 8–12 mites/leaf in the dry season and 8–14 mites/leaf during the wet season had significantly lower leaf damage and T. marianae densities compared to a greater number of mites/leaf, regular based sprays and control plots. Likewise, an initial spray scheduled when 2 eggs of H. armigera were detected on 10 of the samples, followed by an added spray only if 2 damaged fruit or H. armigera larvae were detected per 50 immature fruit resulted in lower percent fruit damage and higher marketable yield compared to other threshold levels or a regular spray schedule.
Multiple Realizability, Identity Theory, and the Gradual Reorganization Principle

Intheliteratureonmultiplerealizabilityandtheidentitytheory,casesofneuralplasticity have enjoyed a very limited role. The present article attempts to remedy this small influencebyarguingthatclinicalandexperimentalevidenceofquiteextensiveneuralreorganization offers compelling support for the claim that psychological kinds are multiply realized in neurological kinds, thus undermining the identity theory. In particular, cases are presented where subjects with no measurable psychological deficits also have vast,thoughgraduallyreceived,neurologicaldamage.Commonobjectionsandconcerns are also discussed and rejected.
The Neurobiologist's Guide to Structural Biology: A Primer on Why Macromolecular Structure Matters and How to Evaluate Structural Data

Structural biology now plays a prominent role in addressing questions central to understanding how excitable cells function. Although interest in the insights gained from the definition and dissection of macromolecular anatomy is high, many neurobiologists remain unfamiliar with the methods employed. This primer aims to help neurobiologists understand approaches for probing macromolecular structure and where the limits and challenges remain. Using examples of macromolecules with neurobiological importance, the review covers X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy (EM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and biophysical methods with which these approaches are often paired: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), equilibrium analytical ultracentifugation, and molecular dynamics (MD).
Menominee implementation of the Chichilnisky criterion for sustainable forest management

Abstract For over a century, the Menominee Tribe harvested timber from their forest; during this time the volume of standing timber increased, a sign of sustainable forest management. The Menominee selection of a green golden rule path has been made through consistent and long-standing efforts to reject the analysis provided by industrial forestry. The choices made by the Menominee Tribe in managing its forest are also an empirical application of the Chichilnisky criterion, which seeks to balance the interests of the present generation with those of future generations. The Menominee state that they are “borrowing the forest from their grandchildren,” and hence reject the “tyranny of the present.” They also reject the “tyranny of the future,” because they harvest from the forest in the present and do not spend all resources saving for the future. They emphasize the long term and multiple forest outputs; they limit harvest while using the forest for current generations with a lumber mill. When their system was displaced by the US Government management and by Congressional efforts to terminate the tribe's reservation status, the Menominee utilized judicial alternatives and social movements in order to return to their concept of sustainable forest management.
Diffusion of 111Cd probes in Ga7Pt3 studied via nuclear quadrupole relaxation

Diffusion of 111In/Cd impurity atoms was studied in Ga7Pt3 at the atomic level using the method of perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC). As in previous measurements on Ga7Pd3, probes were observed to occupy two inequivalent Ga-sublattices. Quadrupole interaction perturbation functions for each site exhibited damping at elevated temperatures that is attributed to nuclear relaxation caused by stochastic jumps of the probe atoms accompanied by reorientation of axes of the electric field gradient tensor. Fitted relaxation frequencies, proportional to mean jump frequencies of the probe, were thermally activated. Arrhenius plots revealed jump-frequency activation enthalpies of 0.94 (8) and 0.67 (4) eV for the two sites and frequency prefactors close to 1 THz. Results were similar to those found previously for Ga7Pd3, although jump frequencies are about 100 times lower in Ga7Pt3.
MELOC-X: extended memory and location optimized caching for large mobile ad hoc networks of UAVs

Effective caching in mobile ad hoc network increases data availability. However, caching at strategic locations with reduced (controlled) number of copies is needed for many military applications involving UAVs to address security concerns, less maintenance overhead and maintaining availability. In general, existing cooperative caching approaches are deficient in finding the reduced number of strategic cache locations. One such technique to reduce the number of strategic cache locations without affecting the efficacy of data access for a small network topology of UAVs is called "memory and location optimized caching scheme (MELOC)". However, having a single broker and metadata broadcast across the whole network in MELOC lead to severe performance hindrance in case of a large network topology of UAVs. Moreover, frequent cache replacements due to a change in network topology do not favor cache hit and bandwidth conservation in case of large mobile networks consisting of UAVs. In this paper, we design and evaluate an extended version of "MELOC called MELOC-X", which suits large network topologies of UAVs by overcoming the above challenges. Our comparison with one such recent scheme with similar objectives showcased a significant improvement in performance. We also evaluate the impact of this scheme with respect to different metrics including the average number of hops, the average roundtrip time (i.e., average query latency), cache hits and mobility to access cached data through extensive simulations.
Role Of Lipid Concentrations and Apolipoproteins In Altering ApoB Metabolism and Promoting Coronary Events

The relationship between LDL concentrations and coronary events is well established by epidemiological studies and by clinical trials. Even in patients who have LDL concentrations in the average, not elevated range, lowering LDL by pravastatin treatment in the CARE and LIPID trials prevented recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) events and cerebrovascular events. However, there may be a limit in the benefit that reducing LDL can accomplish. For example, in the CARE trial, there was no reduction in coronary events in the 20% of the patients who had low pretreatment LDL concentrations, 115-125 mg/dl, and the therapy was more effective in the upper compared to the lower portion of the average LDL range. In the 4S trial, 156 of the patients in the simvastatin group sustained major coronary events and another 11 % had coronary revascularization during treatment. Other lipids that have been linked to coronary events are HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Baseline triglycerides predict coronary risk in the major statin trials. In CARE and 4S, the triglyceride concentrations during treatment with pravastatin or simvastatin were associated with coronary events. Additional lipid mechanisms are being investigated to elucidate causes other than LDL for recurrent coronary events. For example, apoCIII and apoE in apoB-containing lipoproteins have been linked to atherosclerosis progression or myocardial infarction. In metabolic studies, VLDL that is rich in apoCIII is cleared slowly. In postprandial studies, apoCIII concentrations are correlated with persistance of VLDL particles in plasma. Drug treatment with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors reduce the plasma concentration of apoCIII-containing VLDL and IDL, although not as strongly as the reduction in LDL. In conclusion, apoCIII rich VLDL and IDL particles could represent slowly turning over remnants that are capable of atherogenesis. This could explain their association with coronary events in epidemiological studies. Metabolic studies and epidemiology together help clarify the relationship of TG-rich lipoproteins with coronary events, and have implications for understanding better the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
WAVE-FORMED RIPPLES IN NEARSHORE SANDS

Ripples are generated and modified by wind-generated waves and their profiles are controlled by the nature of the near-bottom wave motion and by the size of the bed material. Wave-formed ripples develop under a definable set of conditions called the ripple regime. The ripple regime is bounded by those conditions that initiate grain motion, low-wave intensity, and by those that cause the disappearance of ripples, onset of sheet flow. Sheet flow occurs when intense wave motion causes several grain layers to be in motion. Three distinct ripple types occur in nearshbre areas of fine sand - relict ripples, vortex ripples, and transition ripples. Vortex and transition ripples lie within the active ripple regime, whereas relict ripples do not. Ripples in fine sand were studied in the field at La Jolla, California, where profiles were obtained using a newly developed high-resolution sonar capable of vertical resolution of the order of one millimeter. Simultaneous profile and wave-pressure measurements permit correlation of the ripple profiles with individual waves and with the wave spectrum. The sonar, with its rapid scan capability (^ one meter per second), gives instantaneous measurement of the actively changing bed features in nearshore waters. The combination of bottom scans and wavepressure measurements extends previous wave-ripple studies to include all of the nearshore ripple regime. The relation between the wave and ripple data from this study is best shown by plotting ripple steepness n/A against the wave form of the Shields relative stress criterion 0. Vortex ripples (n /\ ^_ 0.15) occur for 0 values less than 40 but greater than the minimum value which is determined by the onset of grain motion.
Controversies surrounding percutaneous coronary intervention in the diabetic patient

Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease are common and complex, with an aggressive progression of atherosclerosis, increased rate of stent complications, and increased rates of incomplete revascularization in multivessel disease compared to non-diabetic patients. In this review, we first discuss the pathophysiologic elements of insulin resistance and presentations of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Next, we outline the evolution and present the data on revascularization strategies on diabetic patient outcomes. The overall conclusion of our review is that a strategy of complete and durable revascularization and guideline-directed medical therapy currently provides the best possible chance at closing the gap between outcomes in patients with and without diabetes.
Topological Evolution in Uranyl Dicarboxylates: Synthesis and Structures of One-Dimensional UO2(C6H8O4)(H2O)2 and Three-Dimensional UO2(C6H8O4)

Two novel uranyl adipates are reported as synthesized via hydrothermal treatment of uranium oxynitrate and adipic acid. One-dimensional UO2(C6H8O4)(H2O)2 (1) [a = 9.6306(6) A, c = 11.8125(10) A, tetragonal, P43212 (No. 96), Z = 4] consists of chains of (UO2)O4(H2O)2 hexagonal bipyramids tethered through a linear adipic acid backbone. Three-dimensional UO2(C6H8O4) (2) [a = 5.5835(12) A, b = 8.791(2) A, c = 9.2976(17) A, α = 87.769(9)°, β = 78.957(8)°, γ = 81.365(11)°, triclinic, P1 (No. 2), Z = 2] is produced by decreasing the hydration level of the reaction conditions. This structure contains a previously unreported [(UO2)2O8] building unit cross-linked into a neutral metal−organic framework topology with vacant channels.
An optimum anti-melanoma response in mice immunized with fibroblasts transfected with DNA from mouse melanoma cells requires the expression of both syngeneic and allogeneic MHC-determinants

An optimum anti-melanoma response in mice immunized with fibroblasts transfected with DNA from mouse melanoma cells requires the expression of both syngeneic and allogeneic MHC-determinants
Elimination of rheumatoid factor in the latex test for cryptococcosis.

False-positive agglutination by rheumatoid factor (RF) of specifically sensitized latex particles in the slide latex-agglutination (SLA) test for cryptococcosis is eliminated (one apparent exception is noted) by prior addition to the test serum of 0.003 M dithiothreitol (DTT). The IgM responsible for nonspecific clumping is inactivated by reduction, while cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen is unaffected. In no case of proven cryptococcosis was the SLA reaction eliminated by 0.003 M DTT. By revealing alterations in titer, however, the meunod detects coexisting rheumatoid arthritis and cryptococcosis. Treatment of cryptococcal SLA-positive sera with DTT should obviate the need for the RF test control currently contained in commercial kits.
The Influence of Event Characteristics on Assessing Advisor Credibility and Advice-Taking

When deciding whether to follow advice, decision makers consider the credibility of their advisors, but we suggest that their assessment of credibility is influenced not just by characteristics of ...
An Image Enhancement Algorithm for Improving the Quality of Multimedia Video Services

With the rapid developments of wired and wireless broadband technologies, multimedia applications and services have been widely used in the multimedia telecommunication systems. In mobile systems, the video images acquired by light and portable cameras such as those integrated in handsets are usually degraded by the noise because of the cameras’ limited capacities and the complicated changing environments. As mobile video services become more and more popular, the quality of video images also becomes more and more important for consumers to enjoy the video services, as well as to increase the multimedia product competencies and to help the long term developments. In the application of Third Generation (3G) mobile phones, the qualities of under-exposed, over-exposed and nonuniform-exposed video images could be enhanced by the exposure compensation algorithm, achieving pleasing video effects.
Acidizing (acid fracturing) technique and theoretical study for carbonate reservoir

Acidizing (acid fracturing) is the main stimulation measure for carbonate reservoir. This paper introduces the new development of acidizing fluid system and operation process for acidizing and deep acid fracturing in carbonate reservoirs of different geologic conditions, summarizes the combination of acid fracturing technique and reservoir engineering and the current state of this technique and theoretical study, and predicts the future direction of acid fracturing study.
Leading Industries and Development Choices of Northern Shaanxi County Economy

During the past several decades of economic development practice,the northern of Shaanxi Province have created an abundance of material wealth in the use of mineral resource endowment advantage,labor resources advantages,location advantages and other advantages.But it has not fundamentally change the backward districts of economic situation in northern of Shaanxi.The uncertainty of leading industries of country economic,together with wide and dispersion of investment caused the focus unclearly.Meanwhile,the industries contact is weak,the investment proportion is unreasonable.Above all,in the future we had to develop the country economy of northern Shaanxi continuous and healthy based on the resources leading industries and the new industrialization,together with the developing of resources market.
Control of the Menstrual Cycle

Ovarian function during the menstrual cycle is controlled by the gonadotropic hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), the secretion of which by the pituitary gland is under the regulation of the hypothalamic decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone. This chapter summarizes the extant information regarding the mechanisms by which classical feedback relationships between the ovary and the hypothalamic-pituitary unit, together with development-dependent changes in ovarian responsiveness to FSH and LH, govern the maturation of a single ovulatory follicle, its rupture, and formation of a corpus luteum, and why the corpus luteum regresses at the end of nonfertile menstrual cycles but its functional lifespan is prolonged during pregnancy.
Visualization to understand ecosystems

Mapping relationships between stakeholders in an ecosystem to increase understanding and make better-informed strategic decisions.
Sustained Growth of Primary Myeloma Cells in Coculture with Whole Donor Bone Marrow Is Associated with Induced Secretion of the Microenvironmental Mediator of Cytokinesis, Hemicentin-1

Primary human myeloma (MM) cells do not survive in culture while current systems for growing these cells are limited to coculture with specific bone marrow (BM) cell type or growth in immunodeficient animals. The aim of the study was to establish a coculture system for studying long-term growth of primary MM and their interaction with whole BM microenvironment, namely normal bone marrow (NBM) system . Whole BM cells from healthy donors (n=20) were cultured in medium supplemented with serum (10% v/v) pooled from MM patients for 7 days followed by coculture with CD138-selected primary MM cells (4:1 NBM:MM ratio) or MM cell lines (10:1 NBM:MM ratio) for ≥7 days. This NBM system is composed of adherent and non-adherent compartments. Adherent cells were mainly macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) whereas non-adherent cells contained typical hematopoietic cells including CD19+, CD3+, CD11b+ and CD33+ cells. Growth of MM cells was determined by CD45/CD38 flow cytometry and by bioluminescence of luciferase-expressing MM cells. MM cells or subset of MM cells from all patients (n=60) survived and grew in this system regardless of molecular risk or subtype, and MM growth was comparable to coculture with the supportive osteoclasts or MSCs. Adherent and non-adherent compartments supported MM cells which required patient’s serum for optimal growth. In 14 of 20 experiments, number of MM plasma cells, quantified by flow cytometry or bioluminescence analysis was increased by 58±12% (p Xu and Vogel, Curr Biol 2011 ) but has yet not been implicated in MM. Hemicentin-1 gene expression was detected in cultured NBM and MSCs but not in primary MM cells, MM lines or CD11b+ NBM cells. Induction of hemicentin-1 expression in MSCs after coculture with MM cells was validated by immunohistochemistry. Hemicentin-1 expression is higher in random bone biopsies from newly diagnosed MM patients (n=406) compared to donor biopsies (n=25, p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Democracia regional frente a democracia global: Posibilidades y limitaciones

Traduccion de Juan Antonio Fernandez Manzano y Octavio Barriuso Varel El siguiente texto corresponde al capitulo 15 de Gould, Carol C., Interactive Democracy. The Social Roots of Global Justice , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014. La autora persigue un doble objetivo: profundizar en la democracia y aumentar la proteccion de los derechos humanos como modo de encarar problemas de justicia global como la cada vez mayor desigualdad economica y la pobreza. Su reto es hallar la forma de abordar ambos frentes desde el plano local, regional y global. El presente trabajo arroja nueva luz sobre como el desarrollo de formas regionales de democracia, limitadas por acuerdos regionales de derechos humanos, constituye una importante, y a menudo olvidada area de interes para la teoria normativa. Palabras clave: Democracia, Derechos Humanos, justicia global, regionalismo Abstract: The following text corresponds to chapter 15 of Gould, Carol C., Interactive Democracy. The Social Roots of Global Justice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014. The author pursues a dual objective: to deepen democracy and increase the protection of Human Rights as a way of dealing with problems of global justice such as the increasing economic inequality and poverty. Her challenge is to find ways to address both fronts from local, regional and global levels. This paper sheds new light on how the development of regional forms of democracy bounded by regional human rights agreements constitutes an important, and often forgotten focus for normative theory. Keywords: Democracy , Human Rights, Global Justice , regionalism
The Agoras of the Twenty-First Century

We have arrived at the last station of our evolutionary learning journey. We stop for a moment and reflect on the experience of the journey and ask “looking ahead” questions. The end of our present journey marks the beginning of our never ending self-guided evolutionary journey. We have learned enough, and have developed enough confidence to apply what we have learned in working with evolutionary designing communities as well as continue our evolutionary learning from our ongoing evolutionary work. We are ready to join our communities, help them to learn what we have learned, and enter with them into the evolutionary design space.
A New Era in Living Arrangements: Determinants of Quality of Life Among Chinese Older Adults

Empty-nest older adults are the fastest-growing population in China. There are three objectives of the present chapter: (1) to provide a national portrait of the changing pattern of co-residence of older adults in the past decade; (2) to identify the sociodemographic determinants of empty-nest families among community-dwelling older adults; and (3) to examine the relationship between older adults’ living arrangements and quality of life. We used the 2006 and 2010 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) samples to document the trends in the rates of co-residing families. In addition, we tested sociodemographic factors that may impact older adults’ living arrangements using the 2005 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We found that the co-residence rate decreased from 60.5% in 2006 to 52.4% in 2010. In addition, age, gender, race, urban living, health, and wealth were associated with co-residence. Finally, compared to older adults living alone, those living with a spouse and those living with their adult children had higher quality of life after controlling for sociodemographic factors. Older adults who live alone are the most vulnerable group. Policymakers as well as health care providers need to identify various risks in this group to promote the health and well-being of older adults.
Predicting persistence in benthic marine species with complex life cycles: linking dispersal dynamics to redistribution potential and thermal tolerance limits

Marine communities face continuing and accelerating climate change. Predicting which species will go extinct or persist in future climates requires assessing redistribution potential and tolerance to warming, both of which can depend on dispersal ability. We evaluated biophysical processes that could promote population persistence under changing climatic conditions by (1) promoting poleward dispersal in an Eastern Boundary Current region, where offshore currents flow predominantly equatorward, and (2) increasing the frequency of more thermotolerant phenotypes in marine populations. We paired intensive time-series observations (during 2014 and 2015) of recruitment and thermal tolerance limits for cohorts of marine mussels with simulated larval transport using a high-resolution, 3D coastal circulation model of the northeastern Pacific. We used the modeling results to predict the proportion of individuals in each recruiting cohort that originated from sources south or north of our study site on the USA west coast (45.50°N, 123.95°W) as well as the environmental conditions experienced in the water column. We found that the coastal upwelling index was related to origin of individuals within recruiting cohorts, with poleward recruitment predicted to increase under downwelling conditions. Furthermore, thermal tolerance limits were higher in cohorts predicted to experience higher and more variable temperatures during dispersal. These findings highlight complex links between demographic and physical transport processes as well as the potential for climate-driven changes in wind patterns to indirectly affect species’ abilities to cope with increasing temperatures.
Single Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Transition Paths in DNA Hairpin Folding

DNA hairpins are the simplest structures for investigating fundamental aspects of nucleic acid folding mechanisms. For hairpins exhibiting two-state behavior, all of the mechanistic information on how the hairpin folds is contained in the transition path, the rare event in single molecule trajectories when the free energy barrier between folded and unfolded states is actually crossed. In the only experimental study of transition paths in nucleic acids to date, Woodside and coworkers measured an upper bound of 50 μs for the average transition path times (TPT) of several nucleic acids, limited by the time resolution of their optical tweezer experiments (Neupane et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012). Neupane et al. also reconstructed the free energy surface for an indirect determination of average transition path times from Szabo's analytical theory for diffusive barrier crossing. We used confocal single molecule FRET to study a DNA hairpin with 4 base pairs in the stem and 21 T's in the loop and that has a folding time of 310 μs in 500mM NaCl at 22oC. Maximum likelihood analysis of 780 transitions in photon trajectories yielded an upper bound of 2.5 μs for the average transition path time (Truex et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2015), compared to the value of ∼4 μs predicted by Neupane et al. from hairpins with 9-30 base pair stems and 4 T's in the loop, providing an important test of energy landscape theory. Current experiments are aimed at reducing blinking, a major obstacle to measuring transition path times, and at eventually characterizing structural changes during transition paths, which will provide a very demanding test of mechanisms predicted by both theoretical models and simulations.
Surveylance: Automatically Detecting Online Survey Scams

Online surveys are a popular mechanism for performing market research in exchange for monetary compensation. Unfortunately, fraudulent survey websites are similarly rising in popularity among cyber-criminals as a means for executing social engineering attacks. In addition to the sizable population of users that participate in online surveys as a secondary revenue stream, unsuspecting users who search the web for free content or access codes to commercial software can also be exposed to survey scams. This occurs through redirection to websites that ask the user to complete a survey in order to receive the promised content or a reward. In this paper, we present SURVEYLANCE, the first system that automatically identifies survey scams using machine learning techniques. Our evaluation demonstrates that SURVEYLANCE works well in practice by identifying 8,623 unique websites involved in online survey attacks. We show that SURVEYLANCE is suitable for assisting human analysts in survey scam detection at scale. Our work also provides the first systematic analysis of the survey scam ecosystem by investigating the capabilities of these services, mapping all the parties involved in the ecosystem, and quantifying the consequences to users that are exposed to these services. Our analysis reveals that a large number of survey scams are easily reachable through the Alexa top 30K websites, and expose users to a wide range of security issues including identity fraud, deceptive advertisements, potentially unwanted programs (PUPs), malicious extensions, and malware.