cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Production of polycythemia in rabbits by anoxia and cobalt.

ConclusionPolycythemia can be rapidly induced in rabbits by exposure to altitudes of 20,000 feet 16 hours a day, 5 days a week. It would appear that there is no additive effect when cobalt injections are combined with the altitude exposure.There may be 2 stages in the development of polycythemia. The first phase is characterized by a normal whole blood volume with a subnormal plasma volume. The second phase shows a normal rate of increase in plasma volume with a further increase in whole blood volume.Subcutaneous cobalt injections slowly induce polycythemia in rabbits but they are accompanied by anorexia, sterile abscesses and other symptoms of toxic effects.
Similarity in short-term recall: A comparison of Type II operating characteristics and percent recalled

The effects of semantic and acoustic similarity in short-term memory were examined in an experiment employing an RI paradigm. In assessing similarity effects, signal-detection measures, Type II operating characteristics, were utilized in addition to percent recalled; the former suggested that both semantic and acoustic similarity between OL and IL were important in affecting recall, while the latter revealed no effects of similarity. The results suggested that memory traces for similar and dissimilar OL items were equal in strength but that noise (due to RI) was stronger for the similar conditions.
Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): Gallery Initiation on Lodgepole Pine During Aggregation

Gallery starts by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, were observed during aggregation on lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. Two phases of gallery initiation were identified: acceleration and deceleration. The acceleration phase is characterized by an increasing rate of gallery initiation and was highly variable in the trees sampled. The deceleration phase is characterized by a decreasing rate of gallery initiation and was significantly and linearly correlated with cumulative gallery starts a day or more old (r = −0.24). Transformation of the data to adjust for variation between trees increased the correlation between the deceleration rate and cumulative gallery starts a day or more old to −0.97. The resulting improvement in correlation suggests that variation in mountain pine beetle attack rates between trees can be attributed primarily to host factors. A linear model of gallery initiation during aggregation is presented.
Numerical and experimental blast response characterization of sandwich composite structural panels

Experimental blast response and quasi-static material property data were obtained for E-glass and carbon face skin sandwich composite panels with balsa, polyvinyl chloride foam, and TYCOR® cores. The pressure versus impulse (P–I) curve methodology enabled the generation of a database of performance envelopes for these sandwich composite panel configurations under different blast loading scenarios. The strength versus deformation properties of various undamaged sandwich composite panels are established numerically and idealized for single-degree-of-freedom modeling. Results show good correspondence between model predictions and experimental results for performance evaluation of the various sandwich composite structural panel configurations that were investigated.
Colored Polygon Triangulations

(1998). Colored Polygon Triangulations. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 43-47.
Pressure Characteristics and Flow Patterns for a Porous Self-Circulating Hydrodynamic Bearing

This paper presents the behavior of a porous cylindrical bearing that has a self-contained system that excludes the action of an external circulating pump for the lubricating fluid. The bearing contains a stationary porous bushing whose inner surface faces the active space of the bearing while the outer one faces a wrap-around reservoir. Under the cam-like effect of the eccentric shaft the fluid circulates in and out of the bearing clearance and reservoir respectively, without the help of an outside pump. The circulating mechanism is described and numerically simulated. The corresponding pressure profiles and flow patterns are also shown and discussed. The physical implementation of such a bearing system would lead to complete elimination of significant portions of the bearings lubricating circuit.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Norms, Narratives, and Scholarship on the Armenian Genocide

Analyzing the politics of the past in the context of the Armenian Genocide reveals an evolving interplay between international norms, official narratives, and broader discourses. This short essay explores three aspects of these interrelationships. First, I draw on my own research to highlight the ways in which changes in Turkey's narrative of the genocide—typically referred to in official discourse as sozde Ermeni sorunu (the so-called Armenian question), or more recently as 1915 olaylari (the events of 1915)—have to some extent paralleled shifts in the meaning and salience of the norm against genocide. Second, I note key ways in which the Turkish state's official discourse has shaped public understandings—within and, to a lesser extent, outside Turkey—of the nature of the violence against Ottoman Armenians. Third, I suggest that in influencing public understandings of the relationship between this event and the concept of genocide, Turkey's official narrative has the potential to affect understandings of the meaning of genocide more generally.
Utility of Multimodality Imaging in the Morphologic Characterization of Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery.

Background:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the wrong Sinus of Valsalva (AAOCA) is a rare congenital anomaly and is associated with sudden cardiac death. Morphologic features considered to be “high risk” are significant luminal narrowing, acute coronary angulation at its origin, intramural course, and long interarterial course. A consistent approach for characterization of these features is lacking.Methods:A retrospective single-center review of all patients diagnosed with AAOCA using echocardiogram and computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies was performed. Twenty-nine patients were identified (25 using CT and 4 using MRI) with subsequent three-dimensional data sets. The MRI data sets lacked adequate resolution and were excluded. Twenty-five patients (median age 15.1, range 10-39.5 years, 72% male) were further analyzed using echocardiogram and CT. Morphologic assessment focused on luminal stenosis, coronary angulation, and interarterial length. Additional morpho...
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist Attenuates Acute Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema by Preventing Neutrophil Migration after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

We evaluated whether JWH133, a selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) agonist, prevented neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by attenuating inflammation. Adult male rats were assigned to six groups: sham-operated, SAH with vehicle, SAH with JWH133 (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg) treatment 1 h after surgery, and SAH with JWH133 (1.0 mg/kg) at 1 h with a selective CB2R antagonist, SR144528 (3.0 mg/kg). The perforation model of SAH was performed and pulmonary wet-to-dry weight ratio was evaluated 24 and 72 h after surgery. Western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry were evaluated 24 h after surgery. JWH133 (1.0 mg/kg) significantly and most strongly improved lung edema 24 h after SAH. SR144528 administration significantly reversed the effects of JWH133 (1.0 mg/kg). SAH-induced increasing levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and decreasing levels of a tight junction (TJ) protein, junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-A, were ameliorated by JWH133 (1.0 mg/kg) administration 24 h after SAH. Immunohistochemical assessment also confirmed substantial leukocyte infiltration in the outside of vessels in SAH, which were attenuated by JWH133 (1.0 mg/kg) injection. CB2R agonist ameliorated lung permeability by inhibiting leukocyte trafficking and protecting tight junction proteins in the lung of NPE after SAH.
The Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition (SAMR) Model: a Critical Review and Suggestions for its Use

The Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) model is a four-level, taxonomy-based approach for selecting, using, and evaluating technology in K-12 settings (Puentedura 2006). Despite its increasing popularity among practitioners, the SAMR model is not currently represented in the extant literature. To focus the ongoing conversation regarding K-12 educators’ understanding and implementation of technology, we provide a critical review of the SAMR model using theory and prior research. We focus on the absence of context, its hierarchical structure, and the emphasis placed on product over process and conclude with suggestions to guide educators’ and researchers’ technology integration efforts.
Studies and Measures of Physical Fitness

(1942). Studies and Measures of Physical Fitness. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 446-494.
Identification of glycoprotein Ib as a target for autoantibody in idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura.

An antibody (DIL) from a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was shown to have autospecificity on the basis of reactions with autologous platelets that were identical to those obtained with platelets from normal subjects. DIL antibody also reacted strongly in an immunofluorescence test with platelets from a patient with Glanzmann9s thrombasthenia, but failed to react with platelets from a patient with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome who was known to be deficient in glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). Purified GPIb and control platelets, but not Bernard-Soulier platelets, inhibited the lytic activity of DIL. Using the GPIb-specific monoclonal antibody AP1 and one-dimensional rocket electrophoresis into gels containing rabbit antihuman platelet membrane antibody, it was shown that staphylococcal protein A-Sepharose beads coated with DIL antibody selectively remove GPIb from solubilized platelet preparations. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was found that DIL recognizes a determinant on GPIb on the membrane side of the cleavage site of the platelet calcium- activated protease (calpain). These studies provide direct evidence for binding of a platelet autoantibody to a determinant on GPIb relatively close to the site of insertion of this protein into the platelet membrane.
Estrogen in autoimmunity: expression of estrogen receptors in thymic and autoimmune T cells.

Objective To identify the targets of estrogen in immune system lymphocytes and to examine gender differences in autoimmunity. Design RNA samples from purified lymphocyte subsets were analyzed for the presence of mRNA for estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ER alpha and ER beta). Groups of male, female, and testicular-feminized mice were compared for autoantibody production. Subjects Autoimmune-prone lpr (Fas-deficient), testicular-feminized (Tfm, androgen receptor-deficient) and wild-type mice were studied. Method Lymphocyte subsets were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and RNA was assessed for the presence of estrogen receptor sequences using specific oligonucleotide primers and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Spontaneous and induced antibody production in mice was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results ER alpha was expressed in all lymphocyte subsets examined. ER beta was expressed at low levels in thymic CD4/CD8- T cells in wild-type mice and at high levels in the peripheral CD4-/CD8- T cells in lpr mice. Both spontaneous and induced autoantibody production was higher in female lpr mice than in male lpr mice. Conclusions The presence of ERs in lymphocytes indicates that estrogen may affect immune cells during their development and mature function. The selective expression of ER beta may help explain some of the physiological effects of estrogen and its pharmacologic analogues and may lead to means to direct estrogen analogues to such cells. Such effects may be explored in lpr mice, given the enhanced capacity of female lpr mice for autoantibody production.
Prevention of cancer at the urothelial enteric anastomotic site.

AbstractAn animal model of ureterosigmoidostomy was employed to elucidate the etiology of urinary intestinal anastomotic cancer. One hundred ninety-four rats were divided into five groups: vesicosigmoidostomy rats fed water without drug (controls); those fed ammonium chloride, or sodium bicarbonate, or ascorbic acid; and, finally, vesicosigmoid interposition rats. A significantly decreased incidence of cancer was evident only in the bowel interposition group (p < 0.001). Ascorbic acid and altered urinary pH were not prophylactic. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Physical Activity and Life History Theory

Life history theory (LHT) is a branch of evolutionary theory aimed at explaining differences in the age schedules of growth, reproduction, and mortality . LHT proposes that humans, like other species, face trade-offs in how to optimally allocate the limited resources of time and energy among growth, reproduction, and maintenance (i.e., immune function, survival, longevity). Optimal allocation between these demands is expected to depend on individual and ecological parameters that influence resource production, mortality, and other factors. There are inherent trade-offs between somatic versus reproductive effort , current versus future reproduction, mating versus parental effort, and quantity versus quality of offspring. The theory posits that there have been long-term evolutionary pressures to balance energetic effort, and channel resources toward behaviors that maximize expected reproductive success across the life span. Life history strategies of energy allocation interact with the environment to fundamentally determine rates of growth, age of reproductive maturation, the pace of reproduction, reproductive senescence (particularly in humans), and life span. Physical activity is particularly well suited to be examined from a life history perspective because it both influences and is influenced by life history parameters (such as age of reproductive maturation, survival, and longevity) and is central to both energy expenditure and traditionally, energy acquisition. This chapter examines the costs and benefits of allocating energy to physical activity in humans.
Early Brain MRI Predicts Outcome of Term HIE

Researchers at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, studied the accuracy of early brain MRI for predicting death, the presence and severity of motor impairment, and ability to walk at 2 years in 175 term infants treated for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the period 1993 to 2007.
TAZ Induction Directs Differentiation of Thyroid Follicular Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Objective: The differentiation program for human thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) relies on the interplay between sequence-specific transcription factors and transcriptional co-regulators. Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a co-activator that regulates several transcription factors, including PAX8 and NKX2-1, which play a central role in thyroid-specific gene transcription. TAZ and PAX8/NKX2-1 are co-expressed in the nuclei of thyroid cells, and TAZ interacts directly with both PAX8 and NKX2-1, leading to their enhanced transcriptional activity on the thyroglobulin (TG) promoter and additional genes. Methods: The use of a small molecule, ethacridine, recently identified as a TAZ activator, in the differentiation of thyroid cells from human embryonic stem (hES) cells was studied. First, endodermal cells were derived from hES cells using Activin A, followed by induction of differentiation into thyroid cells directed by ethacridine and thyrotropin (TSH). Results: The expression of T...
MG53-Mediated Protection in Heart Valve Biology

Utilizing both overexpression and extracellular application, we aim to target MG53, an essential cell membrane repair protein, to valvular cells for treatment of tissue injuries associated with valvular heart disease (VHD). Membrane repair is important to maintain normal cellular physiology, and disruption of this process can result in disease in a number of different tissues. With the four heart valves experiencing a tremendous amount of mechanical stress, we have utilized microelectrode needle penetration and glass bead damage assays to assess the ability of MG53 to protect valvular interstitial cells (VICs) from physical injury. Furthermore, we have begun in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the ability of MG53 to protect against the biological and physiological changes associated with VHD. To date, we have observed MG53 expression in valvular tissue and MG53-mediated protection against membrane damage through both live cell imaging and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Ongoing experiments are further characterizing mechanisms of protection against valvular fibrosis and calcification and assessing the effects of MG53 in in vivo models of VHD. Specifically, we have found that, in addition to protecting against cell membrane injury, recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) can enter VICs and suppress TGF-beta-dependent activation of Smad and MAPK signaling associated with fibrocalcific valvular remodeling. We anticipate that, once all of our aims are completed, our experiments will greatly contribute to the study of cell biology, regenerative medicine, and cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of death in the United States and worldwide.
Countering Negative Online Reviews: The Impact of Response and Responder—A Structured Abstract

The phenomenon of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has been the focus of a substantial amount of research, with negative eWOM receiving a great deal of that attention. Compared to positive ratings, negative reviews elicit stronger feelings toward both the brand and its performance (Mizerski 1982). Indeed, research indicates that four out of five online consumers have changed their decision to purchase based on a negative online product review (Cone 2011). While sales effects directly attributable to eWOM have been shown to be short-lived (Moe and Trusov 2011), little is known about the long-term impact of negative eWOM on a brand. A study of movie ticket sales, however, did find that the volume of reviews can have a significant impact on overall movie revenues (Duan et al. 2008), suggesting that there may be long-term effects of eWOM. While the power of eWOM is accepted, to date, extant literature has not specifically addressed the impact of responses to negative eWOM and how those responses may affect readers’ evaluations of the focal brand. Our research examines how a response (i.e., a negative review has been posted online and another person posts in reference to the original comment) can counter a negative online review and empirically examines the differing impact based on who responds.
The Nature of New York: An Environmental History of the Empire State by David Stradling

Scholars knowledgeable in the literature of environmental history will find much of The Nature of New York conventional. David Stradling surveys the entire scope of New York State’s history and illuminates the role the natural environment played in the state’s political, social, and cultural history, from the time of the first Dutch settlement up to the present. In a work that is arranged topically but told in a roughly chronological fashion, Stradling effectively demonstrates the ways in which New York epitomized different approaches to the environment, from the importance of the market and the profit motive in “taming” the land, to the role that New Yorkers played in fostering cultural appreciation for nature and the sublime through the novels of James Fenimore Cooper and the paintings of the Hudson River School, to the influence of New York in conservation and environmental politics during the twentieth century. Although Stradling draws upon primary sources most scholars will recognize, his command and synthesis of the growing secondary literature is impressive and adds much to his study. Moreover, he writes in an engaging and lively style that makes this work accessible to the popular as well as the academic reader.
Decoupling Beam Steering and User Selection for Scaling Multi-User 60 GHz WLANs

Multi-user transmission at 60 GHz promises to increase the throughput of next generation WLANs via both analog and digital beamforming. To maximize capacity, analog beams need to be jointly configured with user selection and digital weights; however, joint maximization requires prohibitively large training and feedback overhead. In this paper, we scale multi-user 60 GHz WLAN throughput via design of a low-complexity structure for decoupling beam steering and user selection such that analog beam training precedes user selection. We introduce a two-class framework comprising (i) single shot selection of users by minimizing overlap of their idealized beam patterns obtained from analog training and (ii) interference-aware incremental addition of users via sequential training to better predict inter-user interference. We implement a programmable testbed using software defined radios and commercial 60 GHz transceivers and conduct over-the-air measurements to collect channel traces for different indoor WLAN deployments. Using trace based emulations and high resolution 60 GHz channel models, we show that our decoupling structure experiences less than 5% performance loss compared to maximum achievable rates via joint user-beam selection.
Color Duplex Scanning of the Extracranial Carotid Arteries

A complete carotid duplex examination should include the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of common, internal, and external carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries; the internal carotid to common carotid artery peak systolic velocities ratio; flow direction of the vertebral artery (antegrade or retrograde); analysis of the Doppler spectral waveform of the examined vessels; and the presence or absence of plaque and description of its morphology.
Acquisitions or Mergers? International Students’ Satisfaction with Work Availability

This study sought to examine international students’ satisfaction with work availability while enrolled and the factors that influenced this satisfaction through the acquisitions and mergers framework. The findings indicated that a notable portion of international students might be treated as acquisitions, based on their self-reports of low work availability satisfaction. These students were primarily self-funded, humanities and arts majors, dissatisfied with the affordability of education and living, and felt less equally treated compared to locals.
An adaptive mesh refinement strategy for finite element solution of the elliptic problem

Abstract In this paper we develop an adaptive finite element method for elliptic problems. First, we assume that in each subdomain the norm of the approximation error at the current mesh configuration is bounded by the norm of the approximation error obtained at the previous mesh configuration, for some norm H s . Then an a-posteriori error estimator is designed based on the approximate solution correction between the solution on the last two mesh configurations. Based on this new error estimator, the element-wise refinement strategy in each subdomain is provided for a given tolerance. A discussion on the choice of the coefficients in the assumption is given for different norm spaces and for different degrees of finite element family. Four 2D numerical benchmark examples of different domains and two 3D numerical benchmark examples are tested to demonstrate the robustness of our method. When possible, our numerical results are also compared to corresponding results from existing methods. All the results show that the proposed method is robust and efficient in terms of the number of degrees of freedom.
Safely Reducing Delays Due to Adverse Terminal Weather

This paper focuses on assessing how much of the $ 3B (US) per year in adverse terminal weather delays is “avoidable” and which Air Traffic Management (ATM) investment options would be most effective in eliminating the delay. We propose that such delay can be modeled as a combination of delays due to two mechanisms: one which is “linear” in terms of the impact of key variables and the other is a nonlinear queuing model. We then consider various options for reducing the delay in the context of these models, with the prime objective being to point out where the greatest opportunities exist for delay reduction. We also make suggestions for better assessing the potential benefits of the various ATM options.
Die Eroberung des Gipfels

Bis zum Anfang des Sommers war ich dann schlieslich so weit, meine Entdeckungen mit Fuchs teilen zu konnen. Ich war mir sicher, dass er ebenso begeistert uber den Artikel von Wakimoto sein wurde wie ich es war. Ich fuhr zu seiner Datscha, doch als ich dort ankam, erzahlte er mir Fuchs, es gabe ein kleines Problem: Er hatte habe sich sowohl mit mir als auch mit seinem Mitarbeiter und ehemaligen Studenten Boris Feigin gleichzeitig verabredet – versehentlich, sagte er, obwohl ich ihm nicht glaubte (sehr viel spater bestatigte Fuchs mir, dass tatsachlich eine Absicht dahinter gesteckt hatte).
Detection of Hepatitis A Virus and Other Enteroviruses in Environmental Samples Using Gene Probe Methods

Sensitive and specific methods are needed to detect hepatitis A virus (HAV) and other human enteroviruses in environmental samples such as drinking water and foods. Clones of cDNA representing the 5′ noncoding regions in the HAV and coxsackievirus B3 (CB3) genomes were ligated into T7/SP6 RNA transcription vectors. 32P-labeled T7 transcripts (ssRNA) of HAV and CB3 cDNA detected genomic (viral) RNA. The HAV probe showed no homology with intracellular RNAs from 6 primate cell lines or the 13 enteroviruses tested but hybridized with all 7 strains of HAV tested at levels as low as 500–1000 PFU. The CB3 probe did not react with intracellular RNAs from 6 primate cell lines or HAV RNA but reacted with all 13 enteroviruses tested. The probes were used to detect HAV and other enteroviruses in water samples after virus amplification in cell culture. HAV was detected using the ssRNA probe in samples that were negative for HAV by direct RIA and were not positive by immunoassays until several additional weeks of cell culture propagation. The CB3 ssRNA probe detected enteroviruses in a number of samples that were negative for cytopathic effects in inoculated cell cultures. Preliminary studies have shown increased detection sensitivity for enteroviruses by polymerase chain reaction amplification of target viral RNA prior to probing.
An Approach to Characterizing, Modeling and Analyzing Earthquake Excitation Records

In these lectures we shall briefly describe an approach to the study of strong motion earthquake accelerograms that treats them basically as non-stationary time series. We are motivated by three distinct problems: (1) The statistical problem of modeling general non-stationary time series. (2) Characterization of earthquake acceleration records as non-stationary stochastic processes. (3) Predict the dynamic characteristics of local ground surface behavior from strong motion records by means of the stochastic model obtained in (2).
Specialized Positioning of Myonuclei Near Cell-Cell Junctions.

Skeletal muscles are large cells with multiple nuclei that are precisely positioned. The importance of the correct nuclear position is highlighted by the correlation between mispositioned nuclei and muscle disease (Gueneau et al., 2009; Spiro et al., 1966). Myonuclei are generally considered to be equivalent and therefore how far nuclei are from their nearest neighbor is the primary measurement of nuclear positioning. However, skeletal muscles have two specialized cell-cell contacts, the neuromuscular (NMJ) and the myotendinous junction (MTJ). Using these cell-cell contacts as reference points, we have determined that there are at least two distinct populations of myonuclei whose position is uniquely regulated. The post-synaptic myonuclei (PSMs) near the NMJ, and the myonuclei near the myotendinous junction myonuclei (MJMs) have different spacing requirements compared to other myonuclei. The correct positioning of pairs of PSMs depends on the specific action of dynein and kinesin. Positions of the PSMs and MJMs relative to the junctions that define them depend on the KASH-domain protein, Klar. We also found that MJMs are positioned close to the MTJ as a consequence of muscle stretching. Our study defines for the first time that nuclei in skeletal muscles are not all equally positioned, and that subsets of distinct myonuclei have specialized rules that dictate their spacing.
Tecnologias para Reciclagem de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos: Impactos Ambientais

RESUMO As fontes de energias fosseis vem cada vez mais sendo discutidas, devido a degradacao que a mesma causa ao meio ambiente, por isso a buscar por novas fontes renovaveis e limpa vem crescendo no mundo, dentre essas fontes esta a energia solar, que e a conversao da luz solar em energia. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma pesquisa das tecnologias que sao usadas para reciclagem de paineis fotovoltaicos, caracterizando os processos de quebrar dos modulos e a recuperacao dos varios materiais. Para isso sera usados pesquisas metodologicas em literatura portuguesa e inglesa para se discorrer sobre o assunto, como ocorre a quebra desses materiais, quais sao as principais tecnologias empregadas na reciclagem dos modulos e seus beneficios. E mostrado que um dos maiores beneficios sao os ambientais e a viabilidade economica que sao importantes para o estabelecimento de sistemas de reciclagem fotovoltaicos. Palavra-chave: Celulas fotovoltaicas, energia limpa, modulo de silicio, tratamento quimico e fisico. ABSTRACT The sources of fossil energy are increasingly being discussed, due to the degradation that causes the same to the environment, so to search for new and clean renewable sources is growing in the world, among these sources is solar energy, which is the conversion from sunlight into energy. This article aims to make a research of the technologies that are used for recycling of photovoltaic panels, characterizing the processes of breaking of the modules and the recovery of the various materials. For this, methodological researches will be used in Portuguese and English literature to discuss the subject, such as the breakdown of these materials, which are the main technologies used in the recycling of the modules and their benefits. It is shown that one of the greatest benefits are the environmental and economic viability that are important for the establishment of photovoltaic recycling systems. Keywords: Photovoltaic cells, clean energy, silicon module, chemical and physical treatment. dx.doi.org/10.22292/mas.v15i7.820
Global Aid in the Water Sector: A Descriptive Analysis of International Development Effectiveness

This study analyzes the intent and effectiveness of international development aid through a content/trend analysis of over 42,000 aid projects in the water supply and sanitation sector. The water sector is a vital and understudied component of international development that is rife with internal contradictions. On the one hand, access to water is rapidly increasing cross-nationally, but over 700 million still lack improved access to water. On the other hand, renewable freshwater resources per capita are rapidly decreasing, and annual freshwater withdrawals are steadily increasing. These concurrent issues lead to water stress and decreased freshwater sustainability, which in turn affects global political, ecological, and health issues. To address these issues, national governments and multinational aid agencies have been lending to the water supply and sanitation sector since 1950. This study assesses the trends in international aid over the past 65 years for their intent and effectiveness in solving global water and development issues. The results have implications for the development effectiveness of nations’ and organizations’ aid and calls for social scientists to investigate well-being and environmental impacts simultaneously in all sectors of development.
Accelerating lattice quantum Monte Carlo simulations using artificial neural networks: Application to the Holstein model

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are essential computational approaches with widespread use throughout all areas of science. We present a method for accelerating lattice MC simulations using fully connected and convolutional artificial neural networks that are trained to perform local and global moves in configuration space, respectively. Both networks take local spacetime MC configurations as input features and can, therefore, be trained using samples generated by conventional MC runs on smaller lattices before being utilized for simulations on larger systems. This approach is benchmarked for the case of determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) studies of the two-dimensional Holstein model. We find that both artificial neural networks are capable of learning an unspecified effective model that accurately reproduces the MC configuration weights of the original Hamiltonian and achieve an order of magnitude speedup over the conventional DQMC algorithm. Our approach is broadly applicable to many classical and quantum lattice MC algorithms.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Brief Overview

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, which has been increasingly reported in athletes, especially American football players, as well as military veterans in combat settings, commonly as a result of repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). CTE has a unique neuropathological signature comprised of accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in sulci and peri-vascular regions, microgliosis, and astrocytosis. As per most recent disease classification, the disease manifests itself in four different stages, characterized by widespread tauopathy. Clinically, CTE has a more subtle presentation, as patients often present with two distinct phenotypes, with one subtype initially presenting with affective changes, and the other subtype with more cognitive impairment. On a genetic basis, there are no clear risk factor genes. Although ApoE4 carriers have been reported to suffer more severe outcome post TBI. As there are no disease modifying regimen for CTE, the newly developed TBI treatments, if administered in a time sensitive manner, can offer a potential viable option. Prevention is another key strategy that needs to be implemented in various sports and military settings. Providing education for safe practice techniques, such as safe tackling and hitting, and providing ready access to full neuropsychiatric assessment by team physician could have measurable benefits. The combination of advanced of research techniques including neuroimaging, as well as increasing public awareness of CTE, offers promising vistas for research advancement.
A novel methodology for engine design and optimization

A novel methodology towards computer–aided design and optimisation of internal combustion engines is introduced. Existing models of engine components and processes are integrated into a multi–purpose, flexible configuration framework. Fundamental thermodynamic elements, including zero–dimensional control volumes, one–dimensional pulsating fluid lines, and continuous flow machines, are identified as the constituent components of engine systems. Models of the behaviour of these elements, with various degrees of thermodynamic resolution, have been implemented into the framework. Thermodynamic models are supplemented by phenomenological models of combustion heat release and heat transfer processes. Provisions are also made so that user–supplied models of components and processes may be linked to the code with minimal programming effort. The task of the engine designer is, thus, reduced into selecting appropriate thermodynamic elements to model the engine system based on his/her design objectives. The applicability of the present methodology to a wide range of simulation problems is demonstrated.
Physical performance, demographic, psychological, and physiological predictors of success in the U.S. Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection course.

Abstract This study assessed predictors of successful selection in the very challenging and stressful United States Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS) course among 800 Soldiers. A battery of measures were collected during the course and their ability to predict selection were assessed using logistic regression and chi-square tests. Physical performance measures were most predictive, including road march times, land navigation coordinates found, run times, fitness test score, obstacle course score, and pull-ups (p
Neural generative models and representation learning for information retrieval

Information Retrieval (IR) concerns about the structure, analysis, organization, storage, and retrieval of information. Among different retrieval models proposed in the past decades, generative retrieval models, especially those under the statistical probabilistic framework, are one of the most popular techniques that have been widely applied to Information Retrieval problems. While they are famous for their well-grounded theory and good empirical performance in text retrieval, their applications in IR are often limited by their complexity and low extendability in the modeling of high-dimensional information. Recently, advances in deep learning techniques provide new opportunities for representation learning and generative models for information retrieval. In contrast to statistical models, neural models have much more flexibility because they model information and data correlation in latent spaces without explicitly relying on any prior knowledge. Previous studies on pattern recognition and natural language processing have shown that semantically meaningful representations of text, images, and many types of information can be acquired with neural models through supervised or unsupervised training. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of neural models for information retrieval is mostly unexplored. In this thesis, we study how to develop new generative models and representation learning frameworks with neural models for information retrieval. Specifically, our contributions include three main components: (1) Theoretical Analysis: We present the first theoretical analysis and adaptation of existing neural embedding models for ad-hoc retrieval tasks; (2) Design Practice: Based on our experience and knowledge, we show how to design an embedding-based neural generative model for practical information retrieval tasks such as personalized product search; And (3) Generic Framework: We further generalize our proposed neural generative framework for complicated heterogeneous information retrieval scenarios that concern text, images, knowledge entities, and their relationships. Empirical results show that the proposed neural generative framework can effectively learn information representations and construct retrieval models that outperform the state-of-the-art systems in a variety of IR tasks.
Technological Transition and Carbon Constraints Under Uncertainty

Most of these ancillary benefits can be attributed to the simultaneous reduction of conventional air pollution and the corresponding reduction of human health risk. This paper is an attempt to examine the positive effects of climate policy on long-term economic growth. The paper considers a stylized economic growth model with two production technologies, one represents an “old” and another a “new” technological structure. Transition of an economy from an “old” to a “new” technological structure may generate non-concavity in the aggregated production function with local segments of increasing returns. Presence of increasing returns on macro level results in multiple equilibrium and in multiple steady states. Under some conditions climate policy may induce the transition of a low- or middle-income economy to a higher steady state, while in the absence of climate policy an economy may end up in a development trap. Climate policy uncertainties decrease the probability of an economy to converge to a higher steady state
Projections between visual cortex and pulvinar nucleus in the rat

The extrageniculate visual pathway, which carries visual information from the retina through the superficial layers of the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus, is poorly understood. The pulvinar is thought to modulate information flow between cortical areas, and has been implicated in cognitive tasks like directing visually guided actions. In order to better understand the underlying circuitry, we performed retrograde injections of modified rabies virus in the visual cortex and pulvinar of the Long-Evans rat. We found a relatively small population of cells projecting to primary visual cortex (V1), compared to a much larger population projecting to higher visual cortex. Reciprocal corticothalamic projections showed a similar result, implying that pulvinar does not play as big a role in directly modulating V1 activity as previously thought.
Fundamental sampling patterns for low-rank multi-view data completion

Abstract We consider the multi-view data completion problem, i.e., to complete a matrix U = [ U 1 | U 2 ] where the ranks of U, U1, and U2 are given. In particular, we investigate the fundamental conditions on the sampling pattern, i.e., locations of the sampled entries for finite completability of such a multi-view data given the corresponding rank constraints. We provide a geometric analysis on the manifold structure for multi-view data to incorporate more than one rank constraint. We derive a probabilistic condition in terms of the number of samples per column that guarantees finite completability with high probability. Finally, we derive the guarantees for unique completability. Numerical results demonstrate reduced sampling complexity when the multi-view structure is taken into account as compared to when only low-rank structure of individual views is taken into account. Then, we propose an apporach using Newton’s method to almost achieve these information-theoretic bounds for mulit-view data retrieval by taking advantage of the rank decomposition and the analysis in this work.
Old Tails and New Trails in High Dimensions

We discuss the motivation for dimension reduction in the context of the modern data revolution and introduce a key result in this field, the Johnson-Lindenstrauss flattening lemma. Then we leap int...
A Theoretical Examination of How and Why Power Line Fields Interact with Biological Tissue

The objective of this paper is to define and document the mechanism of biological tissue - field interaction at power line frequencies. The basic hypothesis is summarized in the following four theses: I. The coupling of the field to the tissue is magnetic not electric. II. There is a twofold mechanism of interaction involving both electrokinetic and conductive processes. III. Among the major requirements of this coupling is that the field be transient in nature; it is the transient current superimposed on the base sinusoidal field that causes all the biological linkage of interest. IV. The orientation of the field is quite important as to the type and magnitude of biological interaction resulting from the field exposure.
Transfer Language Space with Similar Domain Adaptation: A Case Study with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Transfer learning is a common practice in image classification with deep learning where the available data is often limited for training a complex model with millions of parameters. However, transferring language models requires special attention since cross-domain vocabularies (e.g. between news articles and radiology reports) do not always overlap as the pixel intensity range overlaps mostly for images. We present a concept of similar domain adaptation where we transfer an interinstitutional language model between two different modalities (ultrasound to MRI) to capture liver abnormalities. Our experiments show that such transfer is more effective for performing shared targeted task than generic language space transfer. We use MRI screening exam reports for hepatocellular carcinoma as the use-case and apply the transfer language space strategy to automatically label thousands of imaging exams.
Iron phosphate in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China: A previously undocumented marine phosphate sink

Abstract Ediacaran phosphorites capture the dynamics of the ultimate biolimiting nutrient, phosphorus, during perhaps the most critical transition of Earth's climatic and ecological history. Concomitant with the Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event was the deposition of the first extensive phosphorites across marine shelves, typically interpreted as a basinward shift in the locus of phosphogenesis facilitated by deep-ocean oxygenation. Petrographic and spectroscopic analyses of proximal phosphorites from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation near the Yangtze Gorges area of South China reveal the presence of interlaminated pristine, muddy, and granular phosphorites that were cemented by early diagenetic iron phosphate, an additional, previously undocumented seafloor P sink. Transmitted- and reflected-light microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy, and back-scattered electron scanning electron microscopy were used to reconstruct the paragenesis of phosphorites at the Wanjiagou section near Zhangcunping (Hubei Province) and demonstrate that pristine phosphorite precipitated authigenically as francolite via microbially-mediated phosphogenesis as evidenced by preserved microbial laminations along with filamentous and coccoidal microfossils. Subsequent tidal reworking of pristine hardgrounds and phosphatic mudstones produced minimally-coated intraclasts and peloidal phosphatic grains that were cemented by iron phosphate soon after deposition but before compaction. Raman spectroscopy, bulk-sample and micro-X-ray diffractometry indicate the iron phosphate cement is composed of phosphosiderite/strengite (Fe+3PO4•2H2O). The presence of phosphosiderite can be attributed to either syndepositional oxidation of phosphorites or thermal stabilization of vivianite (Fe2+3(PO4)2•8H2O). In both cases, the occurrence of phosphosiderite represents the first direct evidence for iron phosphate minerals as a P sink during the Ediacaran and suggests phosphogenesis may have partially proceeded in ferruginous porewaters in contrast to the redox-independent process of francolite precipitation. Integration of petrographic and geochemical techniques, such as those employed in this study, offers the ability to corroborate P speciation analyses and provides an independent determination of P phase partitioning. Ultimately, this approach is paramount in testing hypotheses that suggest ferrous iron phosphate minerals played a regulatory role in global Proterozoic oxygenation.
Ligation bias is a major contributor to nonstoichiometric abundances of secondary siRNAs and impacts analyses of microRNAs

ABSTRACT Plant small RNAs are a diverse and complex set of molecules, ranging in length from 21 to 24 nt, involved in a wide range of essential biological processes. High-throughput sequencing is used for the discovery and quantification of small RNAs. However, several biases can occur during the preparation of small RNA libraries, especially using low input RNA. We used two stages of maize anthers to evaluate the performance of seven commercially-available methods for small RNA library construction, using different RNA input amounts. We show that when working with plant material, library construction methods have differing capabilities to capture small RNAs, and that different library construction methods provide better results when applied to the detection of microRNAs, phasiRNAs, or tRNA-derived fragment. We also observed that ligation bias occurs at both ends of miRNAs and phasiRNAs, suggesting that the biased compositions observed in small RNA populations, including nonstoichiometric levels of phasiRNAs within a locus, may reflect a combination of biological and technical influences.