cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modified Constraint-Induced Therapy in Chronic Stroke: Results of a Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Background and Purpose: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of a reimbursable, outpatient, modified constraint-induced therapy (mCIT) protocol (half-hour therapy sessions occurring 3 days per week in which subjects used the more affected arm combined with less affected arm restriction 5 days per week for 5 hours; both of these regimens were administered during a 10-week period) with that of a time-matched exercise program for the more affected arm or a no-treatment control regimen. Subjects: Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke participated in the study. Methods: The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery After Stroke (FM), and Motor Activity Log (MAL) were administered to the subjects. Results: After intervention, significant differences were observed on the ARAT and MAL Amount of Use and Quality of Movement scales, all in favor of the mCIT group. Discussion and Conclusion: The data affirm previous findings suggesting that this reimbursable, outpatient protocol increases more affected arm use and function. Magnitude of changes was consistent with those reported in more intense protocols, such as constraint-induced therapy.
Validation of NetRec - a dynamic reconfiguration algorithm for irregular topologies in presence of multiple failures

Summary form only given. Component failures in high-speed local and system area networks can result in significant topological changes. In such cases, a network reconfiguration algorithm is executed to restore the connectivity. Most of the current networks use either static reconfiguration algorithms or stop the user traffic to prevent cyclic dependencies in the routing tables. The goal is to validate an extension of the dynamic reconfiguration algorithm NetRec, which was previously published by the authors. The extensions is designed to increase the network availability in the presence of multiple link and node failures. It updates the routing tables asynchronously and doesn't require any global knowledge about the network topology. Certain phases of NetRec are executed in parallel, thus reducing the reconfiguration time. We present results from validation of the algorithm in a distributed network testbed, based on the MPI 1.2 features for building virtual topologies.
Rebuttal from Peter D. Wagner

Lundby & Montero’s claim that diffusion limitation does not affect (Lundby & Montero, 2015) is based essentially on two papers from the group where Lundby trained, papers they accept uncritically (Calbet et al. 2003, 2009), and the dismissal of two papers (Hogan et al. 1991; Richardson et al. 1998), which they assert are not to be believed because they contain false positive outcomes – a claim with which we disagree.
The use of glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis - no 'rational' approach yet

The relationship between glucocorticoids and bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis is complex. Further study into the optimal dosing, timing and duration of glucocorticoid use in rheumatoid arthritis is necessary.
Fast damage imaging using the time-reversal technique in the frequency–wavenumber domain

The time-reversal technique has been successfully used in structural health monitoring (SHM) for quantitative imaging of damage. However, the technique is very time-consuming when it is implemented in the time domain. In this paper, we study the technique in the frequency‐wavenumber (f‐k) domain for fast real-time imaging of multiple damage sites in plates using scattered flexural plate waves. Based on Mindlin plate theory, the time reversibility of dispersive flexural waves in an isotropic plate is theoretically investigated in the f‐k domain. A fast damage imaging technique is developed by using the cross-correlation between the back-propagated scattered wavefield and the incident wavefield in the frequency domain. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed technique cannot only localize multiple damage sites but also potentially identify their sizes. Moreover, the time-reversal technique in the f‐k domain is about two orders of magnitude faster than the method in the time domain. Finally, experimental testing of an on-line SHM system with a sparse piezoelectric sensor array is conducted for fast multiple damage identification using the proposed technique. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
A Sparse Representation Approach to Online Estimation of Power System Distribution Factors

In this paper, we propose a method to compute linear sensitivity distribution factors (DFs) in near real time without relying on a power flow model of the system. Specifically, we compute the injection shift factors (ISFs) of a particular line of interest with respect to active power injections at all buses (all other DFs can be determined from ISFs). The proposed ISF estimation method relies on the solution of an underdetermined system of linear equations that arise from high-frequency synchronized measurements obtained from phasor measurement units. We exploit a sparse representation (i.e., one in which many elements are zero) of the vector of desired ISFs via rearrangement by electrical distance and an appropriately chosen linear transformation, and cast the estimation problem into a sparse vector recovery problem. As we illustrate through case studies, the proposed approach provides accurate DF estimates with fewer sets of synchronized measurements than earlier approaches that rely on the solution of an overdetermined system of equations via the least-squares errors estimation method.
Distributed bandwidth management for QoS-sensitive cellular networks

It is a challenge to support QoS using limited frequency spectrum. In the literature, two orthogonal approaches are used to address the bandwidth utilization issue and the QoS provision issue; that is, channel allocation schemes have been proposed to improve bandwidth efficiency, whereas handoff management schemes, based on bandwidth reservation, have been proposed to guarantee a low connection dropping rate. However, little effort has been taken to address both issues together. We integrate distributed channel allocation and adaptive handoff management to provide QoS guarantees and efficiently utilize the bandwidth. Extensive simulations are provided and used to justify the analysis. Compared to previous schemes, the proposed scheme can improve the bandwidth utilization while providing QoS guarantees.
Demographic Changes over Thirty Years in a Red Howler Population in Venezuela

During a 30-year span (1969–1999) the annual growth rate of a Venezuelan red howler (Alouatta seniculus) population fluctuated irregularly, but its size increased, remained stable for a short while, and finally declined sharply. The increase took place in three stages, and began as an increase in the size of established groups. The next two stages of population increase were due to the formation of new groups and their subsequent increases in size. These two stages likely occurred because of habitat regeneration, which increased the areas where newly formed groups could establish home ranges. The population decline of 74% was most likely due to disease. However, new groups died out more rapidly than established groups, indicating that food shortages, especially in recently regenerated areas, may also have contributed to the population crash. The food shortages could have been caused by unpredictable periods of drought, which may explain the irregular size fluctuations of the study population. Since many howler species show irregular size fluctuations and sharp declines, their demographic features may reflect adaptations to unpredictable events like droughts and disease epidemics. On this premise we explain the preponderance of unimale groups and female-biased birth sex ratios at low densities and the dispersal of both sexes as adaptations for increasing a population rapidly after a decline. Within the population, mortality of small juvenile females was higher in multimale than in unimale groups, though medium juvenile and older immature females were better represented in multimale than in unimale groups. These results may be explained in terms of group composition and the mating systems in red howlers.
Remittance income uncertainty and asset accumulation

While a sizable literature has concluded that remittances impact the expenditure patterns of households, we have a limited understanding of how the predictability of these money flows affect their usage by remittance-receiving households. Using data from Mexico, we find that both the size and the uncertainty of remittances raise asset accumulation among recipient households. These results suggest that both the level and the predictability of remittance income should be given full consideration in the analysis of household expenditure patterns and in the design of policies to leverage the most out of remittance inflows into developing economies. F220, J200
Mechanisms underlying renoprotection during renin-angiotensin system blockade

Potential determinants of chronic renal disease (CRD) progression were studied in male Munich-Wistar rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy and treated with candesartan (Csn; n = 30) or enalapril (Ena; ...
Discovery of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene: The Interface of Basic Science and Clinical Medicine

Because the Red Journal is devoted to communication and education relating to cell and molecular biology of the lung, we would be remiss in not reviewing the recent publications that identify the gene for cystic fibrosis (CF) and further our understanding of the basic defect in CF (1-3). The CF story has been the subject of considerable publicity, in part because it is the most frequent fatal autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasians. Identification of the gene is the most recent but certainly not the only instance where investigation of a clinical pulmonary problem has resulted in major contributions to our understanding of basic biology. Of great importance to this journal is the illustration of the enormous potential that molecular biology has to impact on clinical medicine. CF was first recognized as a clinical entity in the 1930s. In the 1950s, abnormal chloride secretion in CF was recognized and established as a diagnostic test and the general approach to therapy was established (see reference 4 for review and references). The focus has been on the gene and the basic defect in the 1980s. Studies in the early 1980s identified a defect in airway epithelial chloride secretion. Subsequent work narrowed the search to some abnormality in chloride channels on the apical surface of the epithelium. It became clear that there was a defect in secretion of Clin response to beta-adrenergic agonists and that this defect was not due to altered receptor binding, to the subsequent activation of adenyl cyclase, or to an altered phosphokinase A (PKA), a kinase that phosphorylates the chloride channel. Patchclamping studies of isolated cell membranes showed that the Cl" channel is normal in CF. However, there appeared to be some sort of an abnormal interaction of PKA with the apical chloride channel. Together with an energy source, ATP, PKA opened the channel and allowed Clflux to occur in normal but not in CF cells. Recent studies have shown that another kinase, phosphokinase C (PKC), activated by other receptors, also induces chloride flux in normal airway cells but fails to do so in CF cells. There may be other transport abnormalities in CF (e.g., sodium flux is excessive in cAMP-
Phospholipase Dα3 Is Involved in the Hyperosmotic Response in Arabidopsis

Rapid activation of phospholipase D (PLD), which hydrolyzes membrane lipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), occurs under various hyperosmotic conditions, including salinity and water deficiency. The Arabidopsis thaliana PLD family has 12 members, and the function of PLD activation in hyperosmotic stress responses has remained elusive. Here, we show that knockout (KO) and overexpression (OE) of previously uncharacterized PLDα3 alter plant response to salinity and water deficit. PLDα3 uses multiple phospholipids as substrates with distinguishable preferences, and alterations of PLDα3 result in changes in PA level and membrane lipid composition. PLDα3-KO plants display increased sensitivities to salinity and water deficiency and also tend to induce abscisic acid–responsive genes more readily than wild-type plants, whereas PLDα3-OE plants have decreased sensitivities. In addition, PLDα3-KO plants flower later than wild-type plants in slightly dry conditions, whereas PLDα3-OE plants flower earlier. These data suggest that PLDα3 positively mediates plant responses to hyperosmotic stresses and that increased PLDα3 expression and associated lipid changes promote root growth, flowering, and stress avoidance.
Chromatographic Separation and Determination of Mixtures of p-Hydroxybenzoate Esters

A method of separating and determining mixtures of p-hydroxybenzoate esters (parabens), such as may occur in pharmaceutical preparations, is presented. The method is based on preliminary extraction of the parabens from the product, separation of the component esters by partition chromatography, and subsequent determination of the individual constituents by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Data are given supporting the feasibility of the method as applied to mixtures containing the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl derivatives, partition chromatography providing clean separation of each from the others.
Making Better Decision Makers

Decision analysis has been used to help solve numerous complex decisions over the last few decades. However, its power as a basis for structuring one's thinking to resolve decisions has barely been tapped. To realize this potential, we in the decision analysis community must train people to think about their decisions using the concepts and principles of decision analysis. In this process, more emphasis must be placed on structuring decisions worth thinking about, and less emphasis must be placed on analyzing structured decisions. This paper outlines what we should do to train people to be better decision makers and why this is important. It includes a description of what we must learn to do this effectively.
Plotinus on the Inner Sense

Recently, there has been a growing interest in ancient views on consciousness and particularly in their influence on medieval and early modern philosophers. Here I suggest a new interpretation of Plotinus’s account of consciousness which, if correct, may help us to reconsider his role in the history of the notion of the inner sense. I argue that, while explaining how our divided soul can be a unitary subject of the states and activities of its parts, Plotinus develops an original account of consciousness that appeals to an inner sense. In contrast to ‘the outer senses’, which perceive sensible things out there in the world, this sense, for him, perceives the activities of the parts of our soul, thus enabling us to be conscious of them as a single subject. I suggest that Plotinus devises his account of this psychic power in the light of Alexander of Aphrodisias’s interpretation of the Aristotelian ‘common sense’. Since in Alexander the ‘common sense’ enables us to be conscious as a single subject of sensat...
Factors associated with the frequency of self-intermittent catheterization after prostate brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose Urinary obstructive symptoms are the most common side effects of transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB). Self-intermittent catheterization (SIC) can be used to relieve urinary retention. This study evaluated the factors associated with the probability of a patient performing SIC after TIPPB. Methods and materials We prospectively evaluated 204 patients who underwent TIPPB at Mayo Clinic Scottsdale (MCS). All patients were taught to perform SIC before implant and were instructed to do so if they could not urinate at any time after the procedure. Results Of the 204 patients, 22 patients (11%) received 103 Pd seeds and 182 patients (89%) received 125 I. Thirty-seven (18%) patients received external-beam radiotherapy (XRT) in addition to the TIPPB. SIC was performed by 69 (34%) of the 204 patients. Factors that were significantly associated with a lower frequency of SIC were prostate volumes ≤34.2 cm 3 ( p = 0.005), ≤137 seeds implanted ( p = 0.04), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≤6.35 ( p = 0.03), American Urological Association (AUA) score ≤10 ( p = 0.01), the use of 125 I ( p = 0.03), and the addition of XRT to the implant ( p = 0.02). Conclusions Significant associations were observed between the frequency of SIC and the number of seeds implanted, AUA scores, prostate volume, PSA levels, addition of XRT, and isotope used. Whereas the first four of these factors may be surrogates for prostate volume and obstructive symptoms in general, the last two factors are related to treatment decisions. These findings may aid in better patient selection and therapeutic decisions. Additionally, this information may provide a clearer understanding of the urinary side effects of TIBBP.
Passivity-Based Control of Electrostatic MEMS in the Presence of Parasitics

We present an integrated approach to modeling and control of electrostatically-actuated MEMS in the presence of parasitics. The model consists of a set of fixed or movable electrodes, each coupled to the others through a resistor and capacitance, and to ground through a capacitance and a voltage or current source. This formulation incorporates movable structures, control electrodes, sense electrodes, and parasitic capacitances. The resulting dynamic equations are directly incorporated into a control framework for stabilization and tracking. Based on the parameters of the model, formulas for two controllers are presented, one requiring measurement of electrode voltage and charge, the other requiring additionally measurement or estimation of the movable electrode velocities. In the absence of parasitics, both controllers provide almost-global stabilization of any equilibrium configuration. When parasitics are present, the approach must be modified to prevent the "charge pull-in" bifurcation. The paper presents an explicit design for the 1 degree-of-freedom case.
Overview of Ionospheric Modification by High Frequency (HF) Heaters-Theory

The scenarios of achieving efiective ionospheric modiflcation are summarized and the likely physical processes engaging linear and nonlinear mode conversions through plasma inhomogeneity and nonlinearity are revealed. Parametric instabilities, which are the directly relevant processes to achieve efiective heating of the ionospheric F region, are formulated and analyzed. The threshold flelds and growth rates of instabilities are obtained. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation governing the nonlinear evolution of Langmuir waves is derived and analyzed. The nonlinear periodic and solitary solutions of the equation are obtained. The analyses illustrate the conditions for the generation of Langmuir soliton and nonlinear periodic Langmuir waves.
THE CASE OF “JENNY”: DANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI AND THE CENSORSHIP DIALECTIC

D ANTE GABRIEL ROSSETTI and his artistic circle are emerging as privileged sites of modernist genesis. Studies by Jessica Feldman ( Victorian Modernism: Pragmatism and the Varieties of Aesthetic Experience ) and Allison Pease ( Modernism, Mass Culture, and the Aesthetics of Obscenity ) include Rossetti and Algernon Swinburne, respectively, in their reassessments of modernism. In a complementary move, Jerome McGann argues in Dante Gabriel Rossetti and the Game That Must Be Lost that Rossetti's art anticipates Imagism (44) and is characterized by a “hyper-realism that anticipates certain Postmodern styles” (32). Such work implicitly questions, in Feldman's words, the narratives of “strife, loss, [and] rupture” (4) that have been told about modernism's relationship with its predecessors. By linking nineteenth- and twentieth-century artists in a historical trajectory of aesthetic change, as Pease does, or by effacing the historical through a “web” of Victorian modernism, as Feldman does, it becomes possible to see new relations among authors previously separated by critical practice. Rossetti and associates enjoy a new spotlight as they become modern through their aesthetic productions and domestic arrangements.
The changing functions of citation: from knowledge networking to academic cash-value

This essay reviews the changing functions, and effects, of citation systems in scholarly research as they move from a range of uses primarily oriented around knowledge networking and epistemic validation, to their use as a set of metrics oriented around evaluating and rewarding certain kinds of academic performance (e.g. “impact factors”). It is argued that this shift of emphasis has a distorting effect on the uses of citations, and that the more important these metrics become, the more distorting it is. Specifically, it is argued that rewarding certain kinds of citational practices leads to “gaming” the system: this makes the use of these metrics actually less reliable – and in some cases counterproductive – and leads to what in the author’s view are self-serving and sometimes unethical behaviours.
Transient Neurological Symptoms in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Importance Transient symptoms from an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are not well recognized and have previously not been reported. Objective To describe the clinical presentations and neuroimaging findings in a subset of patients with ICH presenting with transient neurological signs and symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants Clinical case series in which the hospital database of a large academic center in Boston, Massachusetts, was searched using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 431 from June 1, 2000, to August 31, 2014, to identify patients with ICH who had transient deficits that resolved completely within 24 hours of symptom onset. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and prognosis. Results Among 3207 consecutive patients with ICH initially screened, 17 fulfilled study criteria (median age, 65 years [interquartile range, 56-73 years]; 11 male). In most patients, recovery from neurological symptoms started within a few hours after onset. Most hemorrhages in this cohort were small, with a mean (SD) hematoma volume of 17 (9.9) mL, and were subcortical in location. One patient died of hemorrhage recurrence. Conclusions and Relevance Patients with ICH can present with rapidly resolving deficits resembling transient ischemic attacks. Recognition of these instances is important to avoid delays in investigations and to manage these cases appropriately.
Mucormycosis in a transplant recipient.

Abstract Mucormycosis classically occurs in patients who have uncontrolled diabetes who develop rhinocerebral disease. A fatal case of rhinocerebral infection caused by Rhizopus arrhizus in a 53-year-old man who had received a renal homograft three years previously is reported. Only five similar cases have been documented, all since 1970. Although direct smears of the purulent nasal exudate revealed the presence of numerous Gram-negative bacilli, later identified as Haemophilus influenzae, the diagnosis of mucormycosis was made by demonstrating the typical broad, nonseptate branched hyphae in the necrotic tissue obtained by surgical debridement of the paranasal sinuses. Culture of this material revealed growth of mold-like fungus which, upon direct microscopic examination, showed sporangiophores bearing spherical sporangia arising directly from a cluster of root-like structures of rhizoids. Despite the immediate institution of therapy with amphotericin B postoperatively, the patient died 48 hours later. Subsequently, the Rhizopus isolated was shown to be resistant to both amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. The present case and two others stress the importance of an aggressive diagnostic approach to patients suspected of having mucormycosis, because the usual microbiologic technics are frequently, inexplicably, unsuccessful, and possibly even misleading in this disease.
From Few to Many: Using Copulas and Monte Carlo Simulation to Estimate Safety Consequences

With the introduction of more advanced vehicle technology, it is paramount to assess its safety benefit. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can reduce crashes and mitigate crash severity, if designed appropriately. Driver behavior models are integral to the ADAS design process, complementing time and resource intensive human participant experiments. We introduce a method to model driver responses to forward collision events by quantifying multivariate behavior with copulas and Monte Carlo simulation. This approach capitalizes on the data from small samples of crash events observed in naturalistic or simulator studies. Copulas summarize data by capturing the underlying joint distribution of variables, and Monte Carlo methods can be used to repeatedly sample from these distributions. A driver model can be parameterized with these samples, and run on a desktop driving simulation environment.
A Theory of Drug Induced Visual Hallucination Patterns

At the last synergetics workshop [1], one of us (JDC) discussed some aspects of signal processing in the vertebrate visual system in synergetic terms, i.e., in terms of the study of those cooperative interactions of many subsystems which generate ordered structures or activity [2]. It was suggested that such cooperative interactions form the basis for the information processing capabilities of the vertebrate visual system. In the present paper we discuss some properties of drug induced visual hallucinations [3], which support such a proposition. The idea of applying neurosynergetics to such a phenomenon was triggered at the last workshop by SATTINGER’s paper on bifurcation in the presence of symmetry [4], and formed the basis of our recent investigations [5], the main points of which are summarized below.
Dynamic fractal signature dissimilarity analysis for therapeutic response assessment using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI

Purpose: To develop a dynamic fractal signature dissimilarity (FSD) method as a novel image texture analysis technique for the quantification of tumor heterogeneity information for better therapeutic response assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. Methods: A small animal antiangiogenesis drug treatment experiment was used to demonstrate the proposed method. Sixteen LS-174T implanted mice were randomly assigned into treatment and control groups (n = 8/group). All mice received bevacizumab (treatment) or saline (control) three times in two weeks, and one pretreatment and two post-treatment DCE-MRI scans were performed. In the proposed dynamic FSD method, a dynamic FSD curve was generated to characterize the heterogeneity evolution during the contrast agent uptake, and the area under FSD curve (AUCFSD) and the maximum enhancement (MEFSD) were selected as representative parameters. As for comparison, the pharmacokinetic parameter Ktrans map and area under MR intensity enhancement curve AUCMR map were calculated. Besides the tumor’s mean value and coefficient of variation, the kurtosis, skewness, and classic Renyi dimensions d1 and d2 of Ktrans and AUCMR maps were evaluated for heterogeneity assessment for comparison. For post-treatment scans, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used to assess the differences of the investigated parameters between treatment/control groups. The support vector machine (SVM) was applied to classify treatment/control groups using the investigated parameters at each post-treatment scan day. Results: The tumor mean Ktrans and its heterogeneity measurements d1 and d2 values showed significant differences between treatment/control groups in the second post-treatment scan. In contrast, the relative values (in reference to the pretreatment value) of AUCFSD and MEFSD in both post-treatment scans showed significant differences between treatment/control groups. When using AUCFSD and MEFSD as SVM input for treatment/control classification, the achieved accuracies were 93.8% and 93.8% at first and second post-treatment scan days, respectively. In comparison, the classification accuracies using d1 and d2 of Ktrans map were 87.5% and 100% at first and second post-treatment scan days, respectively. Conclusions: As quantitative metrics of tumor contrast agent uptake heterogeneity, the selected parameters from the dynamic FSD method accurately captured the therapeutic response in the experiment. The potential application of the proposed method is promising, and its addition to the existing DCE-MRI techniques could improve DCE-MRI performance in early assessment of treatment response.
Quantum Communications with Overlapping Time Modes: Optimal Receiver Capable of Dispersion Compensation

We study fiber-transmission impairments of overlapping time-frequency modes for quantum communications in high-dimensional Hilbert space, and propose a class of optical receivers with built-in capability of overcoming such impairments.
Cleaning Technology for PCBA in Electronics Assembly(continued)

Cleaning is the most important procedure for electronic products reliability. Introduce the contaminations adhere to PCBA and summarize different cleaning techniques and process of PCBA and discuss the factors affecting the cleaning effect and inspection specification. That brings guiding role for production.
A Hybrid Approach to Automated Music Composition

Automated music composition typically employs genetic algorithms and/or stochastic methods using randomness in lieu of creativity. When properly guided these approaches can yield listenable music yet they lack another aspect of the music composition process: planning. Without planning, there may be no coherent structure or themes in the composed music. Planning can be employed to provide such structure by overseeing or controlling the genetic algorithm and/or stochastic methods in a hybrid architecture. In this paper, the system MAGE is presented which combines stochastic processing, genetic algorithms and planning to compose music that contains both structure and elements of randomness.
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES OF CONCENTRATED ALKALI METAL-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS*

The X-band electron spin resonance spectra of concentrated sodium- and caesium-ammonia solutions have been examined at room temperature. Asymmetric spectra characteristic of the magnetic resonance of metallic conductors were observed for all concentrations exceeding ∼5 × 10−3 mole metal/mole ammonia. The electron spin transverse relaxation time T2 of the sodium-ammonia solutions was found to decrease abruptly near a metal concentration of 2 × 10−2 mole sodium/mole ammonia (1 molal), approaching at high metal concentrations a limiting value of 0.014 μsec, close to that observed for the bulk metal at this temperature. A similar transition in the caesium-ammonia solutions occurs at a somewhat lower metal concentration of 4 × 10−3 mole Cs/mole NH3 (0.2 molal), and the limiting T2 at high metal concentrations was found to be 0.007 μsec in these solutions. The effect of the addition of caesium salts on the electron spin relaxation time of concentrated sodium-ammonia solutions was also investigated. At a given sodium metal concentration, T2 was found to be noticeably shorter in the presence of the caesium salt, and above 3.0 molal sodium metal, the electron spin relaxation time of a sodium-ammonia solution was shown to become completely characteristic of a concentrated caesium-ammonia solution upon the addition of merely 0.10 molal caesium salt. This effect was found to be independent of the anion (chloride or iodide) as well as the caesium ion concentration from 0.10 molal salt to saturation. These results are taken as evidence for the formation of metal clusters with reasonably well-defined lattice structure in concentrated metal-ammonia solutions.
Post-translational modifications: Bonds that bind.

Scientists find that oxidation of methionine induces favorable interactions with aromatic groups in proteins, contrary to conventional wisdom, providing new molecular insight into the structural and biological impact of methionine oxidation.
Predictors of Outcome in HSV Encephalitis (P1.291)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features, radiological findings, management and the factors influencing prognosis in PCR-confirmed Herpes Simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). BACKGROUND: HSE is one of the most common causes of sporadic encephalitis with a global incidence of one to four cases per million per year. There have not been many studies looking into the factors influencing prognosis especially in PCR confirmed cases, with particular attention to the radiological and EEG findings. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with HSE at Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN between January 1995 and December 2013. Only HSE cases confirmed by PCR were included. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with good (modified Rankin Scale of 0-2) or poor outcome (score of 3-6) at hospital discharge and 1 year follow up. RESULTS: We identified 45 patients with HSE. Median age was 66(IQR 53.5-78) years. HSE was caused by HSV-1 in 33 cases and by HSV-2 in 9. Nearly half had seizures upon admission or during hospitalization. The most common regions involved on MRI were the temporal lobe in 35(87.5[percnt]), insula in 28(70.0[percnt]), frontal lobe in 27(67.5[percnt]) and thalamus in 11(27.5[percnt]) patients. MRI pattern was quite homogeneous with HSV-1 infection, but much more heterogeneous with HSV-2. Good outcome at discharge and at 6-12 months was seen in 16(35.6[percnt]) and 27(65.9[percnt]) patients, respectively. On multivariate analyses, older age (p=0.001), coma (p=0.008), restricted diffusion on MRI (p=0.005) and acyclovir started after the first day of admission (p=0.050) were associated with poor outcome at discharge. CONCLUSION: Older age, development of coma, presence of restricted diffusion on brain MRI and delay in the administration of acyclovir portend poor outcome in HSE. Conversely, presence of seizures, focal neurological deficits, EEG abnormalities and location or extension of FLAIR/T2 abnormalities did not influence functional outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fugate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hocker has received personal compensation for activities with Continnuum as a writer and being interviewed for Continuum Audio. Dr. Wijdicks has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurocritical Care. Dr. Aksamit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinstein has received royalty payments from Elsevier and Oxford University Press. Dr. Rabinstein has received research support from DJO Global.
Employees’ responses to an organizational merger: Intraindividual change in organizational identification, attachment, and turnover.

The authors used pre-post merger data from 599 employees experiencing a major corporate merger to compare 3 conceptual models based on the logic of social identity theory (SIT) and exchange theory to explain employees' merger responses. At issue is how perceived change in employees' own jobs and roles (i.e., personal valence) and perceived change in their organization's status and merger appropriateness (i.e., organizational valence) affect their changing organizational identification, attachment attitudes, and voluntary turnover. The first model suggests that organizational identification and organizational attachment develop independently and have distinct antecedents. The second model posits that organizational identification mediates the relationships between change in organizational and personal valence and change in attachment and turnover. The third model posits that change in personal valence moderates the relationship between changes in organizational valence and in organizational identification and attachment. Using latent difference score (LDS) modeling in an SEM framework and survival analysis, the results suggest an emergent fourth model that integrates the first and second models: Although change in organizational identification during the merger mediates the relationship between change in personal status and organizational valence and change in attachment, there is a direct and unmediated relationship between change in personal valence and attachment. This integrated model has implications for M&A theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record
Editorial: Gateway to monocyte entry into the brain: CXCR7, the new orchestra conductor.

Discussion on the potential role for CXCR7 as a major signaling pathway for CD14+CD16+ monocyte transmigration across the blood brain barrier, and its therapeutic application for NeuroAIDS.
Breakthrough of selector technology for cross-point 25-nm ReRAM

In this paper, the authors report for the first time the outstanding selector performance from an innovative oxide selector. SiO2, one of conventional and common materials in semiconductor industry, was chosen as a matrix oxide material. Metal atoms which are non-mobile and easy to handle were injected into the oxide films. Off-current and threshold voltage (V th ) could be controlled by using arsenic (As), which doping method and concentration were carefully investigated to achieve threshold switching behavior. Finally ReRAM (Resistance switching Random Access Memory) cell array consisted of one selector-one resistor (1S1R) was successfully demonstrated with the full integration of the newly developed selector.
Finding fibrillin in cerebral artery dissection

Cerebral artery dissection (CeAD) is an important cause of stroke, particularly in the young. Identifying cerebral dissection benefits patients because it affects management, influences follow-up investigations, and may prompt evaluation for associated conditions such as connective tissue disease.1 Making the diagnosis of arterial dissection requires appropriate vascular imaging combined with an index of suspicion. However, a blood-based biomarker may have a role in identifying arterial dissection, defining its stage and severity, and guiding follow-up investigations for complications.
Corn Response to Nitrogen, Potassium,and Sulfur in Southeast Iowa

Many experiments have been conducted at this farm over the years to study the corn grain yield response to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Only one experiment included combinations of N and K rates, and the results showed a positive interaction between these two nutrients. A deficiency in one nutrient reduced the maximum yield level and limited the yield response to increasing rates of the other. Scarce research was conducted in this region of the state to study the corn response to sulfur (S) fertilization, and results showed small and inconsistent responses. A new long-term experiment was established in 2013 to study the continuous corn responses to several combinations of N, K, and S. No Iowa research has studied the possible interactions among these three nutrients. Results for the first three years summarized in a previous report confirmed the N by K interaction and showed no statistically significant corn yield increases from S application. This report summarizes data across five years, although one year was omitted due to low yields and extreme rainfall.
Integrating Mental Health into Primary Care: Training Current and Future Providers

In this chapter the authors will discuss an important aspect of the integration of behavioral health (specifically psychiatry) and primary care from a global perspective. The chapter examines this topic through the continuum of medical education, from medical student to psychiatry residency, and concludes with a discussion of post-residency continuing education opportunities. Current psychiatry residents share their experience in working in an integrated primary care clinic, highlighting the challenges and rewards. The need to fully integrate this concept into all aspects of medical training is the primary goal of the authors. This will require a change in culture from the existing specialty-driven approach to patient care. It will also help address the current crisis in limited access to mental health care around the world. There will never be an adequate number of psychiatrists given the current model of mental health-care delivery. This is not a new problem, but altering current training experiences has the potential to begin this necessary transition in mental health-care delivery. Achieving this goal will improve the overall quality of life for patients worldwide.
Understanding Information Technology (IT) Induced Changes in Culture

The Internet, World Wide Web, and related information and communication technologies (ICTs), have rapidly spread to a large number of countries and cultures. Many of these technologies facilitate and mediate activities whose modes and means bind closely to culture. Research has suggested that communication technologies can affect values and norms for behavior. Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine IT induced changes in culture. Particularly, this research is interested in answering the following question: How does IT impact culture? The goal of the study is to describe the impact of IT on culture’s components, including cultural values, norms, and behavior using a phenomenological method to address the research question. We are currently involved in collecting data to explore the phenomenon of interest. The findings will help to provide an alternative view of the relationship between IT and culture and lend new insights into our understanding of their linkage.
International Law in Domestic Systems

Changes in the international legal system have had notable impact on constitutions adopted or amended since World War II. The growth and proliferation of global and regional institutions and the development of international human rights and international criminal law had marked influence on the development of domestic legal systems. Declarations, codes of conduct, and other normative instruments adopted by international organizations – also known as soft-law – have also informed domestic law. Countries that have experienced dictatorships or foreign occupations have shown greater receptivity to international law, incorporating or referring to specific international texts in their post-repression constitutions. In addition, the divide between monist and dualist systems is decreasing. In some monist states, the direct application of a treaty properly incorporated into the domestic system is not necessarily automatic. In general, the place of international law in the in domestic legal systems depends upon the source of the international law in question – treaty, customary international law, a general principle of law, or a decision of an international organization.
Injury prevention: an intranational, multinational, international, transnational or global journal?

I might have asked the question, ‘Does Injury Prevention publish intradisciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary or global research?’. While I did not on this occasion, the analogy is useful in its identification of the critical aspects of the question asked. A discipline is a clearly delineated area of study supported by an internally consistent epistemology.1 Intradisciplinary research works within the boundaries that circumscribe the discipline. Multidisciplinary research draws knowledge from different disciplines, and summatively, combines this knowledge to create new insights.2 Interdisciplinary research compares and contrasts knowledge from different disciplines, explores the links and interactions between them and uses the between-discipline dynamic to generate knowledge.2 Transdisciplinary research dissolves the disciplinary boundaries and uses the disciplinary DNA from a number of sources to create a new epistemological entity.2 Global research goes one step beyond this into the realm of methodological pluralism, with the obligatory integration of multiple perspectives in a globally consistent approach to the development of …
Understanding the effect of measurement time on drug characterization.

In order to determine correct dosage of chemotherapy drugs, the effect of the drug must be properly quantified. There are two important values that characterize the effect of the drug: emax is the maximum possible effect of a drug, and IC50 is the drug concentration where the effect diminishes by half. There is currently a problem with the way these values are measured because they are time-dependent measurements. We use mathematical models to determine how the emax and IC50 values depend on measurement time and model choice. Seven ordinary differential equation models (ODE) are used for the mathematical analysis; the exponential, Mendelsohn, logistic, linear, surface, Bertalanffy, and Gompertz models. We use the models to simulate tumor growth in the presence and absence of treatment with a known IC50 and emax. Using traditional methods, we then calculate the IC50 and emax values over fifty days to show the time-dependence of these values for all seven mathematical models. The general trend found is that the measured IC50 value decreases and the measured emax increases with increasing measurement day for most mathematical models. Unfortunately, the measured values of IC50 and emax rarely matched the values used to generate the data. Our results show that there is no optimal measurement time since models predict that IC50 estimates become more accurate at later measurement times while emax is more accurate at early measurement times.
Central Nervous System

Evaluation of the central nervous system (brain and spine) was previously limited to plain skull films, tomography, and more invasive procedures such as pneumoencephalography, angiography, and venography. The advent of newer noninvasive imaging procedures has eliminated the pneumoencephalogram and restricted the utilization of contrast studies in many instances.
Numerical Investigation of Spray Cooling-Based Thermal Management of Extreme Power Densities using Anisotropic Composite Heat Spreaders

Recent advancements in high thermal conductivity materials offer new possibilities in heat spreader designs that can tackle near-junction hotspot/focal spot thermal management in tandem with the active cooling methods. This study aims to characterize two-phase spray cooling performance utilizing an advanced composite heat spreader design that implements isotropic and anisotropic material (i.e., CVD diamond, graphite, and pyrolytic graphite) layers near the heat source to laterally spread the heat flux to manageable levels towards achieving reliable and efficient operation of ultra-high heat flux (>1,000 W/cm2) devices. The study incorporates experimentally obtained spray cooling performance data (particularly the heat transfer coefficient, as a key parameter) with alcohol/water binary mixtures, and numerically investigates the capabilities of the described composite heat spreader for thermal management of a simulated 1 mm2 heat source. A thermal management technology that integrates the capabilities of two-phase spray cooling with the advanced heat spreaders would achieve a novel cooling method, alleviate thermal limits to the advancement of the most challenging power electronics applications involving ultra-high heat fluxes, and provide improved thermal performance and design (with reduced size, weight, and power).