cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and outcomes of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma in the United States: analysis using a national data set.

Clinical features and outcomes of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma in the United States: analysis using a national data set
Primary Mandibular Deficiency Dentofacial Deformities: Occlusion and Facial Aesthetic Surgical Outcomes.

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to document the malocclusion and facial dysmorphology in primary mandibular deficiency (PMD) subjects with chronic obstructive nasal breathing before treatment and the outcomes after bimaxillary orthognathic, genioplasty, and intranasal surgery. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study of PMD subjects undergoing bimaxillary, chin, and intranasal surgery was implemented. The predictor variables were grouped into demographic, anatomic, operative, and longitudinal categories. The primary outcome variables were the initial postoperative occlusion achieved at 5 weeks postoperatively (T2) and that maintained long-term more than 2 years after surgery (T4). Six occlusion parameters were assessed: overjet, overbite, coincidence of dental midlines, Angle classification, molar vertical, and transverse positions. A second outcome variable was the facial esthetic results. Photographs were analyzed to document 7 facial contour characteristics. Results Forty subjects met the inclusion criteria. Their age at surgery averaged 32 years (range 13 to 63). The study included 25 females (63%). The findings confirmed that the occlusion after initial surgical healing (T2) met the objectives for all parameters in 39 of the 40 patients (98%). Most patients (35 of 40; 88%) achieved and maintained a favorable occlusion for each parameter in the long-term (mean 5 years, 3 months). Subjects requiring counterclockwise rotation of the maxillomandibular complex were more likely to a have recurrent anterior open bite in the long-term. Facial contour deformities on presentation included weak chin (80%), deep labiomental fold (90%), everted lower lip (100%), short neck-to-chin length (88%), obtuse neck-to-chin angle (85%), weak mandible angles (93%), and “bunching” of the neck soft tissues (85%). Before surgery, 88% of the subjects exhibited a minimum of 5 of the 7 facial deformities. Correction of all 7 facial deformities was confirmed in 86% of the subjects in the long-term. Conclusions Most PMD subjects achieved and maintained a corrected occlusion in the long-term. In the untreated subjects, a “facial type” was identified. Orthognathic surgery proved effective in correcting the associated facial dysmorphology in most patients.
Biological attributions for postdeployment distress relate to higher likelihood of seeking mental health treatment in Iraq/Afghanistan service members/veterans

Service members/veterans (SM/Vs) underuse mental health care. Attribution theory suggests that attributions for psychological distress might inform help-seeking. Given recent mental health campaign...
Selected Vuilleumier Refrigerator Performance Characteristics

The Vuilleumier refrigerator has the potential advantages of compactness, low weight, and long-lifetime operation for spacecraft application. Consequently, much analytical and experimental work has been done in recent years in developing reliable mathematical models for the prediction of its cycle operational characteristics, and in the development of long-lifetime design concepts for a spacecraft system. For example, Rule and Qvale [1] have presented an analysis for an idealized Vuilleumier refrigerator and Sherman [2] has made a comprehensive analysis which includes most of the losses, while Gasser et al. [3] have reported an approach to a long-lifetime Vuilleumier refrigerator design.
An Expert System for Medical Evacuations

To assist in the management of medical evacuations of World Bank staff from duty stations in Africa, an expert system (WBMEES) has been developed, using EXSYS software and running on an IBM PC/AT. The expert system is designed to address the problems of where to evacuate or to stabilize before evacuation and how to interpret the policies of the Bank’s Field Office Manual. The benefit of this system is as a training resource for orientation of staff who must assume the responsibility of managing evacuations and as a support to experienced staff who must keep current with changes in policy and in local conditions. EXSYS was selected for the implementation because it supported all of the key requirements for the system: backward chaining, report generation, modest memory requirements, fast execution speed and availability on pc’s. Verification will be established by running the system against outcomes in previous evacuations.
Méthode de décomposition de domaine pour les équations du transport simplifié en neutronique

Les calculs de reactivite constituent une brique fondamentale dans la simulation des coeurs des reacteurs nucleaires. Ceux-ci conduisent a la resolution de problemes aux valeurs propres generalisees via l'algorithme de la puissance inverse. A chaque iteration, on est amene a resoudre un systeme lineaire de maniere approchee via un algorithme d'iterations imbriquees. Il est difficile de traiter les modelisations tres fines avec le solveur developpe a EDF, au sein de la plate-forme Cocagne, en raison de la consommation memoire et du temps de calcul. Au cours de cette these, on etudie une methode de decomposition de domaine de type Schur dual. Plusieurs placements de l'algorithme de decomposition de domaine au sein du systeme d'iterations imbriquees sont envisageables. Deux d'entre eux ont ete implementes et les resultats analyses. Le deuxieme placement, utilisant les specificites des elements finis de Raviart-Thomas et de l'algorithme des directions alternees, conduit a des resultats tres encourageants. Ces resultats permettent d'envisager l'industrialisation de la methodologie associee.
Surface States and Interface States: Two Fundamental Sources of Photodegradation in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Devices

In this paper we present a systematic study of evolution of surface and interface states in organic bulk heterojunction devices under prolonged illumination. Identical solar cells were prepared with and without calcium as cathode buffer layer (CBL) to study the effect of anaerobic photodegradation. The device with only Al (without CBL) underwent significant degradation in V oc (∼35%) and I sc (∼26%) during the initial illumination time of 2000 min. Electrical characterization such as dark current, capacitance spectroscopy, and bias modulated photocurrent measurements suggested that in the absence of any CBL, the surface state density at organic–metal cathode interface increased by ∼5× leading to increase in reverse saturation current and consequently significant drop in V oc and I sc. It was experimentally demonstrated that increase in both surface state density (metal-organic interface by ∼5×) and interface state density (donor–acceptor interface by ∼3×) contributes to the overall increase in reverse saturation current by ∼15× times in devices without CBL. Presence of Ca as surface passivating layer greatly reduces the amount of photodegradation under inert atmosphere.
Bay-Linked Perylenediimides are Two Molecules in One: Insights from Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Temperature Dependence, and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations

Bay-linked diperylenediimide (di-PDI) molecules are finding increasing use in organic electronics because of their steric hindrance that “twists” the two monomer units relative to one another, decr...
Titanium carbide MXene: Synthesis, electrical and optical properties and their applications in sensors and energy storage devices:

MXenes have been under a lot of scientific investigation due to the novel characteristics that are inherent to two-dimensional nanostructures. There are a multitude of MXenes being studied and one ...
Success, masculinity and international migration: the case of Punjab, India

Harjant Gill, in the documentary film, Sent Away Boys, explores connections between Jat Sikh masculinity, success and international migration to the West. The film is part of a series on masculinit...
The National Shipbuilding Research Program Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise : five years of delivering value, 1998 to 2003

The National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise (ASE) began formally in 1998, with a mission to manage and focus national shipbuilding research and development funding on technologies that will reduce the cost of warships to the US Navy and will establish international shipbuilding competitiveness. A key means for accomplishing this mission was to provide a collaborative forum for improving business, shipbuilding, and ship repair processes. In response to a Navy request, shipyard executives formed Articles of Collaboration, which enabled the execution of a Joint Funding Agreement (JFA) with Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA). Successes from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Maritime Technology (MARITECH) program and the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) were leveraged to initiate a framework that would enable collaboration and sharing. Leaders of the Ship Production Committee (SPC) panels of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) also joined the collaborative forum, and the NSRP ASE was formed. Through the new collaborative forum, the strategic investment plan (SIP) was created, outlining consensus priorities in six major initiative (Ml) areas and setting a course toward more affordable ships.
AB0973 THE IMPACT OF YOGA, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIET & SELF MONITORING IN CHILDREN WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES

Background: There is growing evidence of positive effects of yoga, special diet and an internet-based model of self-monitoring in adults with rheumatic diseases in various small scale independent studies. These studies have shown improvement in disease activity, symptom relief, quality of life, mental health issues and social life and thereby optimizing the disease management in a holistic way. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate the combined effects of yoga, anti-inflammatory diet and self monitoring in children with chronic rheumatic diseases. Methods: In the clinical study, a total of 22 children aged more than 8 years with newly diagnosed rheumatic disease were enrolled. Depending on their consent, they were divided into two groups; 1) experimental group and 2) control group. Experimental and Control Group (n=22) All 22 participants were advised every month follow up for the next 4 months. Baseline disease activity and damage scores were calculated for all. Experimental Group (n=14) Three different printed materials were given. 1. Pictures of “Yoga Ashnas” with explanation in their understandable language 2. Pictures of foods under two headings: 1) beneficial and 2)harmful 3. Self monitoring kit: Disease and medicines information leaflets and simplified pictorial version of disease specific monitoring and damage scores ✓All 14 participants were enrolled to a single time yoga training session under a guidance of an experienced yoga teacher. ✓All are advised 45 minutes yoga every day at home. ✓All are put on strict diet chart. ✓All should read the material and calculate their disease score/s every time before their next visit. Conclusion: Yoga, anti-inflammatory diet and self-monitoring have shown extremely beneficial effects in children with rheumatic diseases in multiple ways. References: [1]Impact of yoga based mind-body intervention on systemic inflammatory markers and co-morbid depression in active Rheumatoid arthritis patients: A randomized controlled trial. Gautam S, et al. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019 - Clinical Trial. PMID 30714983 [2]Effects of Mediterranean diet on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Porras M, et al. Medwave 2019. PMID 31226103 Spanish, English. [3]Effectiveness of an online self-management tool, OPERAS (an On-demand Program to EmpoweR Active Self-management), for people with rheumatoid arthritis: a research protocol. Tam J, et al. Trials 2019. PMID 31829286 Free PMC article. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
Cost-Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children with Cardiac Conditions Associated with Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death.

Children at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) receive implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) for prevention, but the cost effectiveness of ICDs in children at intermediate risk is unclear. Our objective was to create a cost-effectiveness model to compare costs and outcomes in children at risk of SCD, with and without ICD. Utilizing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as the proxy disease, a theoretical cohort of 8150 children was followed for 69 years. Model inputs were derived from the literature, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) used to delineate cost effectiveness. Outcomes included prevalence of severe neurological morbidity (SNM), SCD, cost, and QALYs. In children at intermediate risk of SCD (4–6% over 5 years), ICD resulted in 56 fewer cases of SNM, 2686 fewer deaths. In children at high risk (> 6% over 5 years), ICD placement resulted in 74 fewer cases of SNM and 3663 fewer deaths from cardiac causes. The costs of ICD were higher, but placement was cost effective with an ICER of $3009 per QALY in intermediate risk children, but ICD therapy was a dominant strategy in high-risk children. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated ICD placement was cost-effective until the annual probability of SCD was < 0.22%. The model was robust over a wide range of values. For children at risk of SCD, prophylactic ICD implantation is cost effective, resulting in improved outcomes and increased QALYs, despite increased costs. These findings highlight the economic benefits of ICD utilization in this population.
The Art of Writing from the Border: Narrative Decentralisation and Pluricultural Identity Construction in Tomizza’s Franziska (1996)

This article examines one of Tomizza’s unjustifiably understudied texts within two primary contexts: one formed around the historical, political and social background of early 20th-Century Trieste, the other around the author’s recurrent concern with hybrid characters and geopolitical, cultural and linguistic borderlands. At the surface, these contexts are dramatised to revisit a political and ethnic conflict from the viewpoint of one of its most invisible victims. To uncover the novel’s more deep-running operations, however, this study takes a narratological approach and applies perspectives associated with imagology and linguistic hybridity as well as theories of border writing and border-crossing. Whereas the narrative fusion of historical reconstruction, self-reflexive commentaries, epistolary testimonies and mythical fictionalisations creates a discourse of literary fragmentation and deterritorialisation, the protagonist’s biographical background and socio-culturally embedded experiences are interlaced to represent a liminal character formed by dual perspectives, plurilingual enunciations and incompatible loyalties. Franziska exists between history and myth and as she increasingly acquires different cultural codes, she also comes to linger, irreconcilably, between different and conflicting cultural civilisations. Just as the multidimensional text questions norms of literary unity, so does this fluid character expose stereotypical conceptions of ethnic identities. As an amalgamated device, the self-referential narrator and the border crosser he constructs expose not only ideals of linguistic and cultural purity but also totalitarian conceptions of geographical and cultural borders. Ultimately, this experimental literary operation implicates the reader in a democratic literacy of multiple perspectives that questions normative notions of identities, belonging, culture and nationhood.
Legality and [Dis]membership: Removal of Citizenship and the Creation of ‘Virtual Immigrants'

This article seeks to show that liberal law continues to justify and legitimize displacements of minority populations, even in an age of universal human rights. As demonstrated by the Israeli court's 1988 decision legitimating the deportation of Mubarak Awad, citizenship and immigration laws provide juridical justifications for contemporary ethno-national settler projects. In the aftermath of a territorial conflict that defines or redefines the bounds of the state, native minority populations are vulnerable to being legally recast as ‘aliens’ or ‘virtual immigrants’. National conflict may thus be transformed by legal formalism into a question of immigration law, allowing the power relations that produce state sovereignty to slip into the background.
Assessing the impact of race on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) prediction

Background The appropriate use and the implications of using variables that attempt to encode a patient9s race in clinical predictive algorithms remain unclear. The clinical algorithm for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) adjusts for race, but the observed difference between Black and non-Black participants lacks biologically substantiated evidence. We investigated the impact of using a race variable on GFR prediction by race-stratified error analysis. Methods We implemented three predictive algorithms with varied amount of input information from an electronic health record database to estimate GFR. We compared the prediction error of the estimated GFR with and without the variable race between Black patients and White patients. Results The prediction error for patients coded as Black was higher than that for patients coded as White across all three algorithms. Removing race from the prediction algorithm did not lower the prediction error for patients coded as Black, neither did it decrease the difference in error between the two groups. The algorithm that included the most information with thousands of variables but excluding race produced the most accurate estimate for both groups and minimized the difference in performance between the two groups. Conclusion The prediction error for patients coded as Black was higher compared to those coded as White, regardless of inclusion of race as a variable. Using a large amount of information represented in electronic health record variables achieved a more accurate prediction of GFR and the least difference in prediction error across racial groups.
Psychology of Thought Processes

The objective study of the thought processes, classically known as the “higher mental processes” in the history of experimental psychology, was undertaken by contemporary cognitive psychology, despite the physicalist trend that prevailed during the second quarter of the present century, for two main reasons. On the one hand, the experimental investigation of perception, beginning with the nature of elementary sensations, had led necessarily to the problem of apperception, involving the comprehension of a meaningful series of perceptual configurations in retrospection. And, on the other hand, experiments with animal learning, beginning with simple reflex conditioning and advancing to the cognitive operation of problem solving, had led necessarily to the problems of concept-formation and hypothetical reasoning, which represented but special manifestations of the general process of thinking. Accordingly, the converging lines of experimental research, which led from the analysis of perception and learning to the threshold of thought processes, at last discovered that the thought processes constituted, simultaneously, the context of meaning for the text of perception as well as the covert psychological function for the overt behavior of learning. Concluding that neither the spontaneous process of the lecture de l’experience, nor the operation of experimental learning and its transfer, could be explained without reference, however oblique, to the underlying thought processes, contemporary psychology resumed, where classical psychology had left off, the systematic investigation of this central problem.
B Fragment of Cholera Toxin Conjugated to Saporin

Saporin conjugates have proven extremely versatile and valuable in the selective destruction of a variety of cell types. In the nervous system, the use of saporin-conjugated toxins has generally been directed toward neurons. We were interested in whether saporin conjugates could be used to target other nervous tissue cell types, particularly the myelin-forming cells. Taking advantage of the fact that myelin is rich in GM1 ganglioside and that the B fragment of cholera toxin has a high affinity for GM1, we used a conjugate of the B fragment of cholera toxin and saporin (CTB-sap) to target myelin-producing cells (oligodendrocytes) in the central nervous system (CNS) (Fig. 1). We found that CTB-sap is effective in removing oligodendrocytes in addition to other glial cells and largely leaves neurons intact. We successfully used CTB-sap to study demyelination and remyelination in the spinal cord (1), and our preliminary results suggest that CTB-sap will be useful for inducing demyelinating lesions in other parts of the CNS.
Elemental Abundances in Evolved Supergiants. II. The Young Clusters h and χ Persei

We report on the results of our analyses of high-quality spectra of M supergiants in the h and χ Persei double cluster. Our temperature estimates range from 3500 to 4000 K for a sample of 14 stars. There is a wide range in the lithium abundances, from [Li/Fe] = -1.7 to [Li/Fe] = -0.10. The 12C/13C ratio ranges from 10 to 16 and displays a weak trend with luminosity, such that the more luminous stars have a slightly smaller ratio. We find a significant excess of Na, which may be due to its production by proton capture by 22Ne. However, there is no evidence for the O deficiency that usually accompanies a Na excess in globular cluster stars.
Relationship Between Impaired Gastric Emptying and Abnormal Gastrointestinal Motility

Abstract The mechanism of gastric stasis in disorders of gastrointestinal motility is largely unexplored. The region or regions of abnormal motility in 13 patients with a gastrointestinal motility disorder were characterized manometrically. Antral hypomotility was established in 6 patients and intestinal dysmotility in 7 others. One patient had both antral hypomotility and intestinal dysmotility. Gastric emptying of solids and liquids was quantitated scintigraphically; emptying data for solids were represented by a two-phase model (lag and emptying) and for liquids by a power exponential model. Antral hypomotility was associated with gastric stasis manifested by both a prolongation of the solid lag time [from 35 ± 6 min for controls to 87 ± 23 min (mean ± SE), p
The role of size exclusion chromatography–flame atomic absorption spectrometry in the treatment chemistry of potable water

The percentage composition of Al13, [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+, in water treatment coagulants is an important criterion in the development and use of polymeric coagulants. Polymeric coagulants are generally used in cold climates or with highly turbid waters. Size exclusion chromatography–flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SEC-FAAS) can separate Al13 and monomeric Al within 6 min. The percentage composition of Al13 and monomeric Al is determined by solving two simultaneous equations. Due to overlapping peaks, a 10% error is associated with this method of quantification. This method can be used on coagulants of varying “r values” (r = [OH−]/[Al3+]), or on mixtures of those coagulants and monomeric aluminium.
Does regular exercise reduce the pain and stiffness of osteoarthritis

Exercise helps reduce the pain, but it's unclear whether it helps with stiffness. Exercise moderately reduces pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis and has a small effect on reducing self-reported disability. No studies have evaluated the effect of exercise on stiffness.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and odds of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in North Carolina

Objectives/Hypothesis Exposure to excess gastric acid resulting from gastroesophageal reflux disease, also known as acid reflux or heartburn, might contribute to initiation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, particularly laryngeal cancer. Prior epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent results. We sought to clarify this relationship using an observational study with a larger available sample size and better-characterized exposure information than most prior studies. Study Design A population-based case-control study of head and neck cancer in North Carolina with 1,340 newly diagnosed cases and 1,378 controls matched on age, race, and sex. Methods We used unconditional logistic regression to examine associations between self-reported heartburn and development of overall head and neck cancer as well as development of cancer at specific tumor sites. Subgroup analysis by smoking and alcoholic drinking status was used to make comparisons with a previous study that used a similar study design. Results Overall, an increased odds of head and neck cancer was not associated with either self-reported history of heartburn symptoms (odds ratio = 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.68, 1.06) or self-reported medical diagnosis of GERD (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.71, 1.11). These patterns held for specific tumor sites. For laryngopharyngeal cancer, we did not detect any associations regardless of joint smoking and alcoholic drinking status. Conclusion Gastroesophageal reflux does not appear to play a role in development of head and neck cancer. Level of Evidence 3b. Laryngoscope, 2015
Ranging By Song in Carolina Wrens Thryothorus Ludovicianus: Effects of Environmental Acoustics and Strength of Song Degradation

Territorial male song birds most frequently hear conspecific song that has been degraded (distorted) by transmission through the environment. Their ability to use this accumulated degradation in conspecific song to assess the distance of its singer requires a receiver to discriminate between different degrees of degradation by taking into account the acoustical properties of the habitat. Ranging accurately when acoustical properties change seasonally then requires a receiver to reassess previous associations of degradation with distance. Here I tested the possibility that Carolina wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus) discriminate between different levels of song degradation and change their association of degradation with distance when the acoustical properties of their territories change. In response to playback of a single song, either undegraded or degraded (at two different levels), most subjects flew to the far side of the loudspeaker only in response to degraded songs. In addition, behavioral responses beyond the loudspeaker were consistently stronger to playback of degraded songs than to playback of undegraded songs. Responses indicate that wrens discriminated between different levels of degradation and suggest that they adjusted their association of degradation with distance as habitat conditions changed. Such adjustment of associating a given level of degradation with distance is an important requirement for accurate ranging, in particular under changing acoustical conditions of the environment. In addition, rapid ranging on the basis of only one song might facilitate processing of additional information such as a singers identity and motivation. Resulting selective attention to the closest rival might increase the reliability or speed of decoding such additional information.
Scalable object-based compression algorithm for segmented space-telescope images

The noise-alike nature of astronomical images imposes a great challenge on compression. Due to the lack of correlation among adjacent pixels, it is very difficult to achieve good compression result using standard algorithms. To address the above challenge, a novel object-based compression method is proposed in this paper. Based on object analysis, the astronomical entities presented in the image are classified into two categories: clear and faint objects. For the former, a zerotree based wavelet compression algorithm is employed to achieve scalable coding; for the latter, a predictive coding method is used to preserve their location and intensity. The objective is to enhance the detection of faint object in astronomical images while providing a good overall visual effect. Experiment results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed algorithm.
Intrarenal renin and angiotensins in glycerol-induced acute renal failure

Intrarenal renin and angiotensins in glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Intrarenal renin and angiotensins were measured in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Dehydrated, non-dehydrated and chronically saline-loaded animals were studied before and 1, 6, 17, 24, and 48 hours after glycerol injection. Dehydrated and nondehydrated animals had a significant increase in intrarenal renin 17 hours following glycerol injection, a time when renal failure was already established. Renal renin concentration after 3 weeks of saline-loading was significantly depressed. There was no change in intrarenal renin after the administration of glycerol in salt-loaded animals. Renal angiotensin I was unchanged early in acute renal failure in those animals which developed the syndrome (dehydrated and nondehydrated). There was, however, a marked increase 6 to 48 hours after glycerol administration. No changes were observed in the salt-loaded animals given glycerol. There was no increase in renal angiotensin II levels in all groups studied except for a small but significant increase 17 to 48 hours after glycerol administration in dehydrated animals; the magnitude of this elevation was small compared to the change in angiotensin I. Since changes in renal function preceded any change in the concentration of intrarenal renin and angiotensins, it is unlikely that angiotensins participate in the generation of this type of experimental acute renal failure. It cannot be ruled out, however, that at a later stage of acute renal failure these peptides play some role in the maintenance of the syndrome.
On Ramakrishnan's approach to relativity

In an interesting approach, A. Ramakrishnan [l] presents “the relativistic theory as a natural continuance and completion of Newtonian ideas.” By adding the single requirement of an upper bound on the magnitude of the velocity, he shows how Newtonian theory can be modified in a natural way that leads to relativity which he states is the unique consequence. Actually, his simple and natural formulation does not have a unique outcome. However, the relativistic result is by far the simplest one that fits his postulates and therefore, is the most natural consequence of Ramakrishnan’s approach. Here is Ramakrishnan’s formulation modified for convenience by resealing. The key assumption is that the magnitude of the velocity has an upper limitl. By dividing the velocity by L, the theory becomes dimensionless and the limiting magnitude is now 1. Consider one dimensional motion and let two point particles be moving with velocities u and V, respectively. Then 1 u / < 1 and 1 w 1 < 1. Moreover, the relative velocity w is now also required to satisfy 1 w 1 < 1. This latter condition cannot be met without modifying the Newtonian formula w = u V, and therefore Ramakrishnan postulates that
Tissue injury in lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection: Virus-induced immunologically specific release of a cytotoxic factor from immune lymphoid cells☆

Abstract When spleen or lymph node cells from mice infected with or immunized against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are incubated with living or killed virus in vitro, a cell-free cytotoxic factor (CT) is made. Production of CT appears immunologically specific in that it is formed only when LCM immune lymphoid cells are incubated with LCM virus and not with either mumps or lactic dehydrogenase virus or human immunoglobulin G (HuIgG). Once released, the biological activity of the CT is nonspecific as it injures both viral infected and noninfected target cells. The time required for elaboration and action of CT, as well as its effect on both infected and noninfected cells, suggests that the cellular injury it causes may perhaps be different from the immunologically specific, direct in vitro injury caused by immune lymphoid cells.
Local poincaré duality and non-singularity of schubert varieties

(1985). Local poincare duality and non-singularity of schubert varieties. Communications in Algebra: Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1379-1388.
Aspects of upscaling in simulation of flow in porous media

Abstract The ability to numerically simulate single phase and multiphase flow of fluids in porous media is extremely important in developing an understanding of the complex phenomena governing the flow. The flow is complicated by the presence of heterogeneities in the reservoir at many different length scales and by phenomena such as diffusion and dispersion. These effects must be effectively modeled by terms in coupled systems of nonlinear partial differential equations which form the basis of the simulator. The simulator must be able to model both single and multiphase flows and the transition regimes between the two in unsaturated flow applications. A discussion of some of the aspects of modeling unsaturated and multiphase flows in the presence of heterogeneities and channeling is presented along with directions for future work. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Bacteria that Utilize Lactate and Digest Cellulose

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) culture on lactate utilization and cellulose digestion by ruminal bacteria. Growth of Selenomonas ruminantium HD4 in medium that contained 5g/L of DL-lactate, Trypticase, and yeast extract was stimulated 7 and 15% by 1 and 5% (vol/vol) yeast culture filtrate, respectively. The 1 and 5% yeast culture filtrate stimulated growth of Selenomonas ruminantium H18 and Megasphaera elsdenii B159 and T81 on 5g/L of DL-lactate in medium without Trypticase or yeast extract. Growth of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and Ruminococcus albus B199 on 6g/L of cellobiose was stimulated by the addition of yeast culture filtrate to medium without Trypticase or yeast extract. The yeast culture filtrate increased the concentrations of acetate and total volatile fatty acids that were produced by Sel. ruminantium HD4 and increased the concentrations of propionate and total volatile fatty acids that were produced by Sel. ruminantium H18 but did not alter end-product formation of M. elsdenii or cellulolytic bacteria. Treatment with yeast culture increased the initial rate but not the extent of cellulose digestion by F. succinogenes S85 and Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1. Collectively, these results suggest that yeast culture provides soluble growth factors (i.e., organic acids, B vitamins, and amino acids) that stimulate growth of ruminal bacteria that utilize lactate and digest cellulose.
Carotid-subclavian bypass grafts for subclavian artery disease

Summary o 1. Carotid-subclavian bypass grafting has proved to be the procedure of choice in the treatment of symptomatic subclavian arterial occlusion in our experience. 2. An operative technic utilizing internal shunts during application of the carotid graft and the concept of separate graft application to the carotid and subclavian arteries with subsequent anastomosis of the two graft segments eliminated neurologic and vascular complications of this procedure.
Determination of the critical surface tension using an automatic wetting balance

Abstract The purpose of this research was to classify fluoropolymer surfaces with regard to their wettability by various liquids. Thin solid blades, coated with various fluoropolymers, were suspended from a force transducer balance. The blades penetrated various hydrocarbon/air and hydrocarbon/water interfaces, and the curves of force acting on the blade versus displacement were recorded. The contact angles hydrocarbon/solid/air and hydrocarbon/solid/water were calculated using: COS θ = t γL and COS i θ = T i γi where θ, θ i : contact and interfacial contact angle; γ L , γ i : surface and interfacial tension; and τ, τ i : adhesion and interfacial adhesion tension. Cos θ versus γ L for various γ L were plotted and γ c (for cos θ = 1) was determined. It was found that there are two critical surface ( γ c ) and critical interfacial ( γ c i ) tensions due to contact angle hysteresis. Three different fluoropolymer surfaces were investigated. When the surface can be used in the form of a well-defined blade and when enough liquid to be tested is available, the method was found to be useful, rapid, and reproducible. Under these circumstances it can be used in place of Zisman's well-known sessile drop method.
Symmetric versus asymmetric hydrogen bonds in polymeric water

Abstract The stability of symmetric and asymmetric hydrogen bonds in condensed ring structures of polymeric H2O was compared in the CNDO/2 method. In a six-membered ring the asymmetric structure is much more stable, but in condensed ring systems the difference between the two becomes smaller.
Killing the Old Myths: Positioning an Instructional Technology Center for a New Era in Higher Education.

In conclusion, consider that the best directors, the most successful ones, the most powerful ones, do not direct; they orchestrate and conduct. The most common gestures in conducting are circular. A symphony conductor works on a piece of music written by someone else, but the richness comes from the interpretation. Knowing the music is not enough. A conductor must exact the best performance from each player and each instrument. In a symphony, there is no center, no autonomy, no competing forces, only a seamless whole. How can you conduct your work to make your media center one player in the larger orchestra of your institution? How can you harmonize your role within the mission and needs of the university with the support of your clients and supervisors, create beautiful sounds together, get a solo once in a while, and hear a lot of applause?
Acoustic Emission Study of Failure Mechanisms in Ceramic Matrix Composite under Longitudinal Tensile Loading

Acoustic emission (AE) measurements were correlated with macroscopic stress-strain behavior and direct microscopic observations of damage mechanisms in a unidirectional ceramic matrix composite under longitudinal tensile loading. Matrix crack initiation and the onset of AE events correspond to the proportional limit of the material. Both the crack density and cumulative AE counts vary linearly up to the point of crack saturation. Thereafter follows a "strain hardening" region corresponding mainly to fiber-matrix debonding and manifested by an increase of low to moderate amplitude AE activity and leveling off of high amplitude AE signals. At higher strains, beyond the "strain hardening" region, there are two characteristic parts in the AE output, one related to further damage (possibly debonding and fiber fracture) and the other clearly related to interfacial frictional sliding. Upon unloading further AE output related to sliding is observed. AE activity of low to intermediate amplitude continues in the la...
Gene profile analysis of CD8+ ILT3-Fc induced T suppressor cells

Abstract Gene profile analysis of ILT3-Fc-induced Ts revealed a significant upregulation of Zink finger proteins, most of which act as transcriptional repressors. Included among these repressors is BCL6, which was shown to play a critical role in the differentiation of ILT3-Fc–induced T suppressor (Ts) cells. Genes implicated in cell cycle progression were downregulated. Genes encoding numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also downregulated. In contrast, antiapoptotic genes, as well as members of the WNT and transforming growth factor–β pathways, were upregulated. This study elucidates certain important aspects of Ts differentiation and function.
The “Magic of the Mall”: An Analysis of Form, Function, and Meaning in the Contemporary Retail Built Environment

Abstract Shopping is the most important contemporary social activity, and, for the most part, takes place in the shopping center. Developers and designers of the retail built environment exploit the power of place and an intuitive understanding of the structuration of space to facilitate consumption and thus the realization of retail profits. They strive to present an alternative rationale for the shopping center's existence, manipulate shoppers' behavior through the configuration of space, and consciously design a symbolic landscape that provokes associative moods and dispositions in the shopper. These strategies are examined to obtain an understanding of how the retail built environment works, and how we might work against it.
Investigating Inhibitory Control in Children with Epilepsy: An fMRI Study

Summary Objective Deficits in executive function are noted increasingly in children with epilepsy and have been associated with poor academic and psychosocial outcomes. Impaired inhibitory control contributes to executive dysfunction in children with epilepsy; however, its neuroanatomic basis has not yet been investigated. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe the integrity of activation in brain regions underlying inhibitory control in children with epilepsy. Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of 34 children aged 8–17 years: 17 with well-controlled epilepsy and 17 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants performed the antisaccade (AS) task, representative of inhibitory control, during fMRI scanning. We compared AS performance during neutral and reward task conditions and evaluated task-related blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) activation. Results Children with epilepsy demonstrated impaired AS performance compared to controls during both neutral (nonreward) and reward trials, but exhibited significant task improvement during reward trials. Post hoc analysis revealed that younger patients made more errors than older patients and all controls. fMRI results showed preserved activation in task-relevant regions in patients and controls, with the exception of increased activation in the left posterior cingulate gyrus in patients specifically with generalized epilepsy across neutral and reward trials. Significance Despite impaired inhibitory control, children with epilepsy accessed typical neural pathways as did their peers without epilepsy. Children with epilepsy showed improved behavioral performance in response to the reward condition, suggesting potential benefits of the use of incentives in cognitive remediation.
A Complex Tool for a Complex Problem: Political Ecology in the Service of Ecosystem Recovery

Salmon recovery has been described as a “wicked” problem in that it is so complex it is seemingly impossible to solve. Through a detailed case study, this article models how the field of political ecology can provide rich insight into such problems, and can help managers navigate the complex human dimensions of their work. Protracted disputes over salmon habitat restoration have earned the Skagit Valley of Washington State a reputation for being mired in intractable conflict. Goals of recovering salmon and protecting farmland are seemingly pitted against each other in competition for the same land. Using ethnographic methods and a political ecology framework, I argue that social hierarchies and mistrusts, conflicting senses of place, prevailing cultural narratives, and legal and institutional constraints contribute to the dispute over habitat restoration. Closer attention to sociocultural factors such as these may help managers identify and implement locally supported recovery opportunities, facilitate co...
Crimes Against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation

List of Illustrations List of Tables Preface Introduction: The Hidden History of American Conservation PART ONE: Forest: The Adirondacks 1. The Re-creation of Nature 2. Public Property and Private Parks 3. Working-Class Wilderness PART TWO: Mountain: Yellowstone 4. Nature and Nation 5. Fort Yellowstone 6. Modes of Poaching and Production PART THREE Desert: The Grand Canyon 7. The Havasupai Problem 8. Farewell Song Epilogue: Landscapes of Memory and Myth Chronology of American Conservation Notes Bibliography Index
The Private Personality

Reflecting the reemergence of interest in conscious experience that characterizes modern psychology, this article examines a range of issues that are part of the study of the private personality. It is proposed that in formulating a model of individual differences in ongoing conscious experience, we must consider the basic systems through which information is initially received and stored, since variations in processing styles may already lead to the structural and content variations that ultimately shape the unique sense of a private personality. The psychophysiological, affective, and cognitive systems are reviewed with reference to the kinds of input they provide. These include variations in response to bodily cues (e.g., repressive defensiveness and hardiness) or in the styles of cognitive complexity. Research possibilities for linking these stylistic variations at the receptive pole to centrally-generated stimulation by means of repeated measurements, psychometric instruments, and thought-samples of ...
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy for experimental spinal cord tumors: tumoricidal efficacy and functional outcome

We evaluated the efficacy of adenoviral-mediated gene therapy of experimental spinal cord tumors and the functional outcome after this treatment. Spinal cord tumors were generated in the thoracic region of the spinal cord in Fischer 344 rats by stereotaxic intramedullary injection of 1 x 10(4) 9L gliosarcoma cells. Seven days after tumor cell injection, a replication-defective adenoviral vector carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (ADV-tk) or a control adenoviral vector carrying the beta-galactosidase gene (ADV-beta gal) was injected into the tumors. Beginning 12 h later the animals were treated with the antiviral drug ganciclovir (GCV; 50 mg/kg) or saline twice a day for 6 days. The neurological performance of the animals was assessed during and following treatment. Eighteen days after tumor cell injection, all of the control animals had paraplegia and large tumors. In contrast, no tumors were detected in animals treated with ADV-tk and GCV. In long-term studies, two of the 5 animals treated with ADV-tk and GCV remained tumor-free and remained neurologically intact at 6 months whereas all animals in the control groups became paraplegic within 18 days.
Policy Watch Congressional Campaign Finance Reform

While campaign finance reform attracts a lot of attention, it seems unlikely that such reform, at least in it current guise, will have a large impact on the functioning of the American political system. Recent studies have called into question the conventional wisdom that challenger campaign spending is especially effective, suggesting that attempts to close the gap between incumbent and challenger spending will have a smaller-than-expected impact on election outcomes. While it is safe to conclude that PACs wield some influence, it is not clear that limiting cash contributions will have a substantial effect.