cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The construct of psychophysiological reactivity: Statistical and psychometric issues

The purpose of this paper is to review major statistical and psychometric issues impacting the study of psychophysiological reactivity and discuss their implications for applied developmental researchers. We first cover traditional approaches such as the observed difference score (DS) and the observed residual score (RS), including a review of classic and recent research on their reliability and validity from two related bodies of work: the measurement of change and the Law of Initial Values. Second, we review several types of latent variable modeling in this context: latent difference score (LDS) models, latent residual score (LRS) models, latent state-trait (LST) models, and latent growth curve (LGC) models. Finally, we provide broad guidelines for applied researchers broken down by key stages of a psychophysiological project: study planning, data analysis, and reporting of results. Our recommendations highlight the need for (1) increased attention to the ubiquitous nature of measurement error in observed variables and the importance of employing latent variable models when possible, and (2) increased specification of theories relating to the construct of reactivity, especially in regards to the distinction between baseline arousal and change over time in broader systems of variables.
Muslim women’s workplace experiences: implications for strategic diversity initiatives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine Muslim women’s decisions to wear headscarves, known as hijab, in the workplace. The decision to wear hijab may result in a stigmatized identity, so the paper also aims to examine perceived or experienced discrimination and impact on employment outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Using qualitative methodology to capture nuances, the study was based on demographic responses and semi‐structured interview questions by 79 Muslim women physicians and other healthcare professionals.Findings – The paper finds that many factors influenced their decisions, but Muslim women had a wide variety of views in terms of the hijab and adherence to Islamic precepts. Those who wear hijab reported negative experiences of intolerance and discrimination. The decision to wear hijab was subsequently associated with perceived discrimination that would limit one’s employment opportunities.Practical implications – Religion is one diversity categorization that can be invisible yet s...
Conformationally-restricted amino acid analogues bearing a distal sulfonic acid show selective inhibition of system xc- over the vesicular glutamate transporter

Abstract A panel of amino acid analogs and conformationally-restricted amino acids bearing a sulfonic acid were synthesized and tested for their ability to preferentially inhibit the obligate cysteine–glutamate transporter system x c - versus the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). Several promising candidate molecules were identified: R / S -4-[4′-carboxyphenyl]-phenylglycine, a biphenyl substituted analog of 4-carboxyphenylglycine and 2-thiopheneglycine-5-sulfonic acid both of which reduced glutamate uptake at system x c - by 70–75% while having modest to no effect on glutamate uptake at VGLUT.
Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells

Human pathogens impact patient health through a complex interplay with the host, but models to study the role of host genetics in this process are limited. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the ability to produce host-specific differentiated cells and thus have the potential to transform the study of infectious disease; however, no iPSC models of infectious disease have been described. Here we report that hepatocyte-like cells derived from iPSCs support the entire life cycle of hepatitis C virus, including inflammatory responses to infection, enabling studies of how host genetics impact viral pathogenesis.
New porous organic microspheres for high-performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract A process for producing spherical porous organic microspheres, based on urea-formaldehyde (UF) polymer, has been developed. These micropheres exhibit exceptional mechanical strength and resiliency and have minimal tendency toward shrinking or swelling in aqueous, organic, or hydroorganic media. The geometric parameters of the microspheres are conveniently adjusted by process variables, which allow precise control of pore and particle dimensions. The surface of the UF microsphere contains organic functional groups suitable for chemical modification so that ligands of choice may be covalently attached for operation in the anion-exchange or hydrophobic interaction modes.
The methodology of data envelopment analysis

Data envelopment analysis is a linear programming–based method that has clear advantages over competing approaches. However, its own limitations should not be overlooked.
Unique specification of yang-mills solutions

Abstract Screened time-independent cylindrically-symmetric solutions of Yang-Mills equations are given which show that the source does not uniquely determine the field. However, these particular solutions suggest a natural way of uniquely specifying solutions in terms of a physical realization of a symmetry group.
Topical authority propagation on microblogs

With a huge number of active users on microblogs, it becomes increasingly important to identify authoritative users on specific topics. This paper tackles the task of finding authorities on Twitter given any query topic. Although there exists much work on identifying influential users on Twitter, most of them focus on global authority regardless of the topic. We propose a novel Topical Authority Propagation (TAP) model by utilizing the fact that topical authority can be propagated through retweeting, i.e., if a user's tweet on a given topic is retweeted by a topical authority, that user is likely to be an authority on the topic as well. Topical relevance of candidate authorities can be seamlessly integrated into the model. Link analysis algorithms such as PageRank can then be utilized to characterize how topical authority is propagated through retweeting. We conduct a set of experiments on Twitter and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
714-6 Increased Action Potential Prolongation by Low Voltage Biphasic versus Monophasic Field Stimuli

In an in-vitro model for defibrillation, we compared action potential prolongation (APP) by monophasic (MONO) and biphasic (BI) field stimulus shocks in epicardial tissue strips from 10 dogs. Strips were paced at one end while cellular impalements were maintained in the center (cell A) to measure APP and at the other end (cell B) to determine if shocks produced propagated activations. Rectangular shocks (0.5 to 10 V/cm) were delivered with MONO (8 ms) or BI (4.8/3.2 ms) waveforms at times ranging from 44% to 112% of the APD90 of cell A. Recordings were made during 3975 shocked and 2578 control action potentials. APP was the % increase in shocked repolarization time relative to the interlaced controls. While weaker MONO and BI shocks produced propagated activations, the threshold intensity ABOVE which shocks did NOT produce activations was 25.9% lower (p l 0.0005) for BI (2.78 V/cm) versus MONO (3.75 V/cm). At most intensities and timings, MONO produced more APP than BI. However, for 2 to 4 V/cm shocks at 90% to 100% of APD90, BI produced more APP than MONO (36.9% versus 17.7%, P l 0.0001) shocks. Thus, increased defibrillation efficacy of BI waveforms may result from a greater APP by BI in the low-voltage gradient regions of the heart during defibrillation.
The mitre syntactic analysis procedure for transformational grammars

A solution to the analysis problem for a class of grammars appropriate to the description of natural languages is essential to any system which involves the automatic processing of natural language inputs for purposes of man-machine communication, translation, information retrieval, or data processing. The analysis procedure for transformational grammars described in this paper was developed to explore the feasibility of using ordinary English as a computer control language.
Synthesis of irregular waveguide field transformation elements using a multi-resolution algorithm

We propose a way to synthesize field transformation elements by optimizing the irregular scattering surface of a conducting wall waveguide structure. Our approach, based on a multi-resolution algorithm, shows that, in addition to reaching a high transformation efficiency in a short distance, a local optimizer is good enough to find a solution with reasonable computational effort. This approach has been used to design several mode conversion structures involving multiple modes and up to two frequencies.
ENDOGENOUS ELECTION TIMING IN MAJORITARIAN PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS

The election date is an endogenous choice in many parliamentary systems. This paper explores when governments call elections and how the timing of an election influences the electoral result. Governments have an incentive to behave opportunistically, calling elections at a time when they are performing well. However, the choice of election date reveals information about the government. Specifically, early elections indicate that a government has little faith in its ability to perform well in the future. The analysis is expanded to consider changes in government composition, political business cycles, informational asymmetries and the role of opposition campaigning.
Differentiation-dependent induction of CYP1A1 in cultured rat small intestinal epithelial cells, colonocytes, and human colon carcinoma cells: basement membrane-mediated apoptosis.

Rat small intestinal epithelial cells and human colon adenocarcinoma cells cultured on Matrigel expressed the differentiation specific enzyme, sucrase-isomaltase, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Rat small intestinal epithelial cells, rat colonocytes, and human colon adenocarcinoma cells developed an altered morphology when cultured on Matrigel and became apoptotic within 24-48 h. Benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin caused a 2- and 5-fold induction, respectively, of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in rat small intestinal epithelial cells cultured on Matrigel. Benzo[a]pyrene- or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in rat small intestinal epithelial cells cultured on plastic was not detected. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment caused a 14-fold induction of transfected, rat CYP1A1-promoter-luciferase activity in rat small intestinal epithelial cells cultured on Matrigel. Benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment induced ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity by 6- and 1.6-fold, respectively in rat colonocytes cultured on Matrigel. Induction of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity was not observed in rat colonocytes cultured on plastic. CYP1A1-promoter-luciferase activity was induced 3-fold by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rat colonocytes cultured on Matrigel. Induction of CYP1A1-promoter-luciferase activity in rat small intestinal epithelial cells or rat colonocytes cultured on plastic was not observed. Ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells, cultured on either plastic or Matrigel, was induced 7-fold by benzo[a]pyrene. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity was 2-fold greater in human colon adenocarcinoma cells cultured on Matrigel compared to cells cultured on plastic. Extracellular matrix-mediated differentiation and apoptosis of intestinal cells provide in vitro systems for study of the regulation of CYP1A1 expression, carcinogen activation in the gut and mechanism(s) of apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Interpreting a reconstructed relational calculus (extended abstract)

This paper describes a method for answering all relational calculus queries under the assumption that the domain of data values is sufficiently large. The method extends recent theoretical results that use extended relation representations to answer domain dependent queries, without the use of auxilliary variables or invented constants or an explicit enumeration of the active domain. The method is shown to be logically correct and to have polynomial data complexity. By identifying relational algebra operations with relational calculus queries this approach extends relational algebra to a full boolean algebra, where intersection, union, and difference are defined between any two relations, whether or not they are union compatible. An example illustrates that this approach can be useful in distributed query optimization.
Nanofabrication of photonic crystal slabs with sealed airholes for optofluidic applications

Suspended 2D Si photonic crystal (PhC) slabs with a 260nm triangular lattice and 160nm-diameter airholes were fabricated on a silicon-on-oxide (SOI) substrate using optimized nanolithography and etching processes. Precise PhC pattern transfer from a negative e-beam resist to Ni by liftoff and to Si by plasma etching was achieved. Subsequent wet etch of the underlying SiO"2 led to the formation of suspended PhC slabs. The PhC slab was further capped with a SiO"2 layer deposited by a two-step glancing angle deposition (GLAD) process. Inverted nanotips were formed during GLAD with an exponentially varying flux angle, and coalesced into a continuous film at a thickness of ~260nm, completely sealing the PhC airholes. The fabricated PhC slabs may be used as the building block for various integrated optofluidics and photonics with enhanced capability for light detection or emission.
District Size and Party Electoral Strength: A Comparison of Sixteen Democracies

Electoral bias is significantly greater in single-member district (Anglo-Saxon) parliamentary systems than in proportional-representation systems. Party advantage related to malapportionment is evident in the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, West Germany, and Ireland, caused by smaller districts in the advantaged party's cores of strength. Regional and rural–urban differences are relatively insignificant.
Cloud Computing Basics for Librarians

“Cloud computing” is the name for the recent trend of moving software and computing resources to an online, shared-service model. This article briefly defines cloud computing, discusses different models, explores the advantages and disadvantages, and describes some of the ways cloud computing can be used in libraries. Examples of cloud services are included at the end of the article.
Topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

The incidence of the various mutations in the genes encoding topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus is not known. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, we found that in fluoroquinolone- and methicillin-resistant strains, mutations in grlA and gyrA are quite likely to be present together. For fluoroquinolone-resistant but methicillin-susceptible strains, mutations in grlA alone are more common.
Taking the "cross" out of cross-cultural transfer of management practice

Multi-national enterprises often attempt to replicate successful management practices in “foreign” environments. However, such practices may be ethnocentric because they fit the assumptions, behaviors, expectations, and values of the home cultural environment. Unless the underlying assumptions are shared, transfer to a differing environment may fail. Even if the focus is shifted from cultural differences to implementation, implementation approaches may also be criticized as ethnocentric for the same reasons. In this article, a non-ethnocentric model is expanded and used to test the portability of one management practice, performance appraisal, from the USA to Brazil. This “Test of Portability” may help managers understand which management practices are portable, and, perhaps even more valuable, provide a rationale for adaptation or rejection.
Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer−Nanoparticle Composites: Effect of Polymer−Particle Interfacial Energy

Numerous studies have shown that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of polymers may change visibly upon addition of even small amounts of nanoparticles. In this study, we examine the effect of polymer–nanoparticle interfacial energy on this phenomenon in nanocomposite films containing polystyrene-grafted nanoparticles mixed with polystyrene homopolymer at low particle loadings. A previous experiment showed that the interfacial energy of this system modulates with the grafting density of the grafted polymer and the molecular weight ratio of the matrix and grafted polymers. We find that the changes in Tg vary with both parameters in manners that quantitatively agree with the interfacial energy.
Assessing Psychiatric Patients' Competency to Agree to Treatment Plans

The issue of therapists' liability for patients who commit suicide may depend on whether courts view the suicidal patient as competent to decide to follow or not follow an agreed-upon treatment plan. Therapists have not been found liable for malpractice when courts have viewed a patient's decision not to seek help when feeling suicidal as being voluntary rather than reflecting global incompetence due to mental illness. The author offers practical suggestions, including sets of specific questions, for assessing and documenting a psychiatric patient's competency to agree to a treatment plan. An important element of the procedure is direct assessment of the patient's understanding of the risks of withholding information from caretakers and the benefits of providing it. Such competency assessments can facilitate clinical management of patients and can also help reduce the risk of malpractice liability resulting from patients' suicide.
Genetics of Borrelia burgdorferi.

The spirochetes in the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies group cycle in nature between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts. The current assemblage of B. burgdorferi sensu lato, of which three species cause Lyme disease in humans, originated from a rapid species radiation that occurred near the origin of the clade. All of these species share a unique genome structure that is highly segmented and predominantly composed of linear replicons. One of the circular plasmids is a prophage that exists as several isoforms in each cell and can be transduced to other cells, likely contributing to an otherwise relatively anemic level of horizontal gene transfer, which nevertheless appears to be adequate to permit strong natural selection and adaptation in populations of B. burgdorferi. Although the molecular genetic toolbox is meager, several antibiotic-resistant mutants have been isolated, and the resistance alleles, as well as some exogenous genes, have been fashioned into markers to dissect gene function. Ge...
OXYTOCIN, NEONATAL SEIZURES, AND OTHER INSIGHTS DERIVED FROM THE DUBLIN TRIAL

Nearly 23 percent of the 13,000 labors randomized to electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) or to auscultation in the 1985 Dublin Trial were high risk by U.S. criteria due to the use of oxytocin. EFM was associated with increased cesarean sections and forceps deliveries, but the neonatal outcomes were exactly the same except for seizure rates. The difference in number of seizures was seen only among those who received oxytocin. In approximately 10,000 labors where no oxytocin was used, there were eight seizures in EFM and eight in auscultated infants.
Intelligent Vehicle Power Control Based on Prediction of Road Type and Traffic Congestions

This paper presents a machine learning approach to the efficient vehicle power management and an intelligent power controller (IPC) that applies the learnt knowledge about the optimal power control parameters specific to specific road types and traffic congestion levels to online vehicle power control. The IPC uses a neural network for online prediction of roadway types and traffic congestion levels. The IPC and the prediction model have been implemented in a conventional (non-hybrid) vehicle model for online vehicle power control in a simulation program. The benefits of the IPC combined with the predicted drive cycle are demonstrated through simulation. Experiment results show that the IPC gives close to optimal performances.
Fluid-Inclusion Studies of Regionally Extensive Epigenetic Dolomites, Bonneterre Dolomite (Cambrian), Southeast Missouri: Evidence of Multiple Fluids during Dolomitization and Lead-Zinc Mineralization

Sources of basinal fluids that precipitated the dolomite-hosted Mississippi Valley-type orebodies of southeast Missouri historically have been a subject of debate. This study presents microthermometric data for fluid inclusions in the regionally extensive epigenetic dolomite at the base of the ore-hosting Bonneterre Dolomite and in gangue dolomite of the Viburnum Trend Pb-Zn district. Samples of epigenetic dolomite cover an area of more than 25,000 km 2 west of the St. Francois Mountains and permit determination of regional variations of temperature and composition of the mineralizing fluids and possible fluid interactions. Homogenization temperature-ice-melting relationships (temperature-salinity) among these inclusions document at least two end-member fluid components: a warmer, less saline fluid (120 to 187 °C; 5 wt% equiv. NaCl) and a cooler, more saline fluid (60 to 80 °C; >30 wt% equiv. NaCl). Intermediate temperatures and fluid compositions indicate that the end-member fluids likely mixed as they flowed through the region. Mixing was not confined to a stationary front but occurred throughout the study area. Comparison of homogenization temperatures to distance from possible basinal fluid sources indicates no discernible temperature gradient over the >25,000 km 2 study area. The data are interpreted to indicate multiple basinal-fluid interactions coeval with dolomitization and associated Pb-Zn ore formation.
Localized excitations in a type-I superconductor

Abstract The excitation spectra for localized surface states in a type-I superconductor are found by a series expansion method using the Bogoliubov equations. Results for the two lowest eigenvalues as a function of magnetic field are given.
Catalytic oxidation of HCN over a 0.5% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst

Abstract The adsorption of HCN on, its catalytic oxidation with 6% O2 over 0.5% Pt/Al2O3, and the subsequent oxidation of strongly bound chemisorbed species upon heating were investigated. The observed N-containing products were N2O, NO and NO2, and some residual adsorbed N-containing species were oxidized to NO and NO2 during subsequent temperature programmed oxidation. Because N-atom balance could not be obtained after accounting for the quantities of each of these product species, we propose that N2 and was formed. Both the HCN conversion and the selectivity towards different N-containing products depend strongly on the reaction temperature and the composition of the reactant gas mixture. In particular, total HCN conversion reaches 95% above 250 °C. Furthermore, the temperature of maximum HCN conversion to N2O is located between 200 and 250 °C, while raising the reaction temperature increases the proportion of NOx in the products. The co-feeding of H2O and C3H6 had little, if any effect on the total HCN conversion, but C3H6 addition did increase the conversion to NO and decrease the conversion to NO2, perhaps due to the competing presence of adsorbed fragments of reductive C3H6. Evidence is also presented that introduction of NO and NO2 into the reactant gas mixture resulted in additional reaction pathways between these NOx species and HCN that provide for lean-NOx reduction coincident with HCN oxidation.
Regulation of the level and glycosylation state of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 during human keratinocyte differentiation

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) is an unusual member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family which has been implicated in the protection of cells from programmed cell death. Human epidermal keratinocytes synthesize large amounts of PAI-2 in two active forms: glycosylated and non-glycosylated. Calcium (Ca2+), a well-known inducer of numerous aspects of keratinocyte terminal differentiation, increases the steady-state levels of PAI-2 mRNA and protein. As the cultures become more differentiated due to longer incubation with Ca2+, the glycosylated form is preferentially elevated. Surprisingly, glycosylated as well as non-glycosylated PAI-2 remains predominantly cell-associated, in a trypsin-inaccessible form and thus most likely inside the cell. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an inflammatory mediator that induces some markers of keratinocyte differentiation, also increases PAI-2 mRNA and protein levels. Experiments using cultures in which protein kinase C has been downregulated suggest that Ca2+, but not TNF-α, acts at least partially through one or more isozymes of this kinase for induction of PAI-2. This is consistent with the finding that the effect of simultaneous addition of Ca2+ plus TNF-α is at least additive, compared with addition of either stimulant alone. These data demonstrate that the keratinocyte maintains multiple regulatory pathways for control of PAI-2 expression, at least one of which is related to terminal differentiation.
Micro-Structronics and Control of Hybrid Electrostrictive/Piezoelectric Thin Shells

Certain ferroelectric materials possess dual electrostrictive and piezoelectric characteristics, depending on their specific Curie temperatures. These materials exhibit piezoelectric characteristics in the ferroelectric phase when the temperature is below the Curie point. However, they become electrostrictive in the paraelectric phase (non-polar phase) as the temperature exceeds the Curie point. The (direct) electrostrictive effect is a quadratic dependence of stress or strain on applied electric field. The nonlinear electromechanical effect of electrostrictive materials provides stronger actuation performance as compared with that of piezoelectric materials. Due to the complexity of the generic ferroelectric actuators, micro-electromechanics and control characteristics of generic electrostrictive/piezoelectric dynamics system deserve an in-depth investigation. In this study, electro-mechanical dynamic system equations and generic boundary conditions of hybrid electrostrictive/piezoelectric double-curvature shell continua are derived using the energy-based Hamilton’s principle, elasticity theory, electrostrictive/piezoelectric constitutive relations, and Gibb’s free energy function. Moreover, the second converse electrostrictive effect and the direct piezoelectric effect are all considered in the generic governing equations. Simplifications of the generic theory to other common geometries or specific materials are demonstrated and their electromechanical characteristics are also evaluated.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
PRep: a probabilistic reputation model for biased societies

Several reputation models have been introduced to deal with the problem of biased reputation providers. Most of these models discount or discard biased information received from the reputation providers, and most of them are not appropriate when a large population of information providers are biased or dishonest. In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach for reputation modeling, the Probabilistic Reputation model (PRep). PRep models a reputation provider's behavior, and uses this model to re-interpret the reported information, thus making use of the entire reputation reports effectively, even if they are biased. The re-interpreted data is combined with the agent's direct experiences to determine an overall level of trust in the third-party agent. We show that PRep significantly outperforms two state-of-the-art trust and reputation models---HAPTIC and TRAVOS---and improves the overall payoff in a game-theoretic environment.
ET-58THE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI-NT IS EFFICACIOUS IN THE TREATMENT OF INTRACRANIAL GLIOBLASTOMAS.

Glioblastomas (GBM) exhibit a remarkable histopathologic heterogeneity with extensive necrotic regions intermixed with cell proliferation that generate local hypoxia and thus, limit the effectiveness greatly of traditional cancer therapies. The spore-forming bacterium Clostridium spp., however, has the ability to precisely target and lyse tumor cells in hypoxic environments. Here we show that Clostridium novyi-NT (C. novyi-NT), an engineered strain devoid of the lethal alpha-toxin, induces a microscopically tumor-localized response in orthotopically implanted syngeneic F98 and human xenograft 060919 rat GBM models. Both, intravenous and intratumoral, injections of C. novyi-NT spores resulted in germination within 24 hours and a rapid fall in luciferase activity, an indicator of tumor burden, in both animal models. C. novyi-NT germination was evidenced by the appearance of vegetative forms of C. novyi-NT bacteria. Strikingly, C. novyi-NT precisely localized to the tumor and micro-invasive tumor islands buried in the normal brain parenchyma, sparing adjacent normal cells only a few microns away. This bacterial "biosurgery" led to a significant survival advantage in these extremely aggressive rat models. Brain edema and increased intracranial pressure as a result of C. novyi-NT infection was common and medically managed while brain abscess formation was not clearly observed with appropriate use of antibiotics. Abscessation, however, is a potential side effect and can develop in human patients possibly requiring neurosurgical abscess drainage, a routine clinical procedure. In summary, C. novyi-NT can act as a tool to precisely eradicate GBM and significantly extend survival. Despite concerns on treatment-related toxicity, bacterial C. novyi-NT treatment may have a place in selected GBM patients in the future given the lack of alternative therapy options and dismal prognosis.
Refining Reporting Mechanisms in Oregon's Patient-Centered Primary Care Home Program to Improve Performance.

Introduction: As part of its strategy to achieve the Triple Aim, the Oregon Health Authority implemented the Patient-Centered Primary Care Home (PCPCH) Program in 2009. In 2014, the program recognized more than 500 primary care practices and had become an essential component of Oregon’s strategy for transforming health services delivery. To assist the Oregon Health Authority with evaluating practices’ achievement of the PCPCH model along its 6 core attributes (access, accountability, comprehensive care, continuity, coordination, and person-centered care), the research team developed an innovative scoring method. Objective: To develop a synthesized attribute scoring methodology and to apply it to evaluate practices’ performance overall and along individual attributes. Methods: The method builds on earlier studies of the medical home and draws on data from Oregon’s PCPCH recognition application and a survey of recognized practices. Scores are reported for each practice on the program’s core attributes, with further analyses by geography, practice size, and ownership. The method was pilot-tested in 30 practices recognized under the 2011 PCPCH standards and adapted for potential use with the program’s 2014 standards in 400 practices. Results: Initial results demonstrate that the scores are effective for reporting performance to key program stakeholders, including provider practices. The method enables stakeholders to compare results across similar practices and across the model’s core attributes. The scores help analyze practice transformation over time, enabling practices and the Oregon Health Authority to identify opportunities for improvement and technical assistance. Conclusions: The PCPCH Program could be replicated in other states. This article offers insights on implementation strategies, efficacy of the PCPCH model, and lessons learned.
Are iSchools’ more adaptable than library schools?: Analysis of lis student engagement in programmatic changes and improvements

The iSchools organization and its 65 member schools frequently reference their roles and responsibilities as leaders in information education. With the iSchools’ commitment to advance the information field (iField) through collaborative academic and research endeavors, it would logically follow that individual iSchool constituents are engaged in promoting improvements to their own educational programs, thus strengthening the future of the iField. This poster examines how iSchools and non-iSchools engage their master’s student constituents in implementing programmatic changes and improvements to their library and information science (LIS) degree program(s). The results of a content analysis of 15 American Library Association (ALA) accreditation self-study documents were compared based on iSchool membership status to determine whether iSchools were more likely to implement programmatic changes and improvements based on student engagement than non-iSchools. Our results revealed little difference between how iSchools and non-iSchools use LIS student engagement to implement programmatic changes and improvements.
A direct two-dimensional pressure formulation in molecular dynamics.

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) pressure field estimation in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been done using three-dimensional (3D) pressure field calculations followed by averaging, which is computationally expensive due to 3D convolutions. In this work, we develop a direct 2D pressure field estimation method which is much faster than 3D methods without losing accuracy. The method is validated with MD simulations on two systems: a liquid film and a cylindrical drop of argon suspended in surrounding vapor.
Microfabricated Electrospray Thruster Array with High Hydraulic Resistance Channels

Electrospray thrusters can deliver the efficient primary propulsion and attitude control actuation needed by small satellites. The microfabricated multiemitter array is an ideal implementation of t...
NHD Considerations for Poloidal-Toroidal Coolant Ducts of Self-Cooled Blankets

Magnetohydrodynamic flows of liquid metals through sharp elbow ducts with rectangular cross sections and with thin conducting walls in the presence of strong uniform magnetic fields are examined. The geometries simulate the poloidaltoroidal coolant channels in fusion tokamak blankets. Analysis for obtaining the three-dimensional numerical solutions are described. Results for pressure drop, velocity profiles and flow distribution are predicted for the upcoming joint ANL/KfK sharp elbow experiment. Results from a parametric study using fusion relevant parameters to investigate the three-dimensional pressure drop are presented for possible applications to blanket designs. 10 refs., 9 refs.
Intergenerational Consequences: Women's Experiences of Discrimination in Pregnancy Predict Infant Social-Emotional Development at 6 Months and 1 Year.

Objective Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in infant development in the United States have lifelong consequences. Discrimination predicts poorer health and academic outcomes. This study explored for the first time intergenerational consequences of women's experiences of discrimination reported during pregnancy for their infants' social-emotional development in the first year of life. Methods Data come from a longitudinal study with predominantly Black and Latina, socioeconomically disadvantaged, urban young women (N = 704, Mage = 18.53) across pregnancy through 1 year postpartum. Women were recruited from community hospitals and health centers in a Northeastern US city. Linear regression analyses examined whether women's experiences of everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy predicted social-emotional development outcomes among their infants at 6 months and 1 year of age, controlling for potentially confounding medical and sociodemographic factors. Path analyses tested if pregnancy distress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms mediated significant associations. Results Everyday discrimination reported during pregnancy prospectively predicted greater inhibition/separation problems and greater negative emotionality, but did not predict attention skills or positive emotionality, at 6 months and 1 year. Depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 6 months, and pregnancy distress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms mediated the association of discrimination with negative emotionality at 1 year. Conclusion Findings support that there are intergenerational consequences of discrimination, extending past findings to infant social-emotional development outcomes in the first year of life. It may be important to address discrimination before and during pregnancy and enhance support to mothers and infants exposed to discrimination to promote health equity across the life span.
Gaming, Population Change, and Rural Development on Indian Reservations

Indians are almost an invisible part of rural America. While reservations represent a significant feature of the American West, they are not centrally featured in rural policy discussions. Many Indian reservations have extreme levels of poverty, unemployment rates that exceed 50 percent, and the highest suicide rates in the nation. By most economic indicators, American Indians rank among the most disadvantaged population groups in the United States (Gitter & Reagan, 2002; Young, 1990). Recently, however, the introduction of casino gaming has brought hope and income to some Indian reservations, yet it remains unclear whether casino gambling will provide a lasting economic solution for Indians individually or collectively. In this chapter, I consider the following questions: (1) What are the social and economic impacts of what appears to be a “successful” economic development strategy on a disadvantaged population? (2) How does gaming compare with other economic development strategies employed by various tribes? (3) How might gaming affect the size and composition of the Native American population in northern Idaho? (4) What is, or should be, the relationship between gaming, economic development and nation building on Indian reservations? The discussion begins at the national level and later uses a case study of impacts of casino gaming on the Nez Perce tribe in Idaho.
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the diagnosis of oral lichen planus.

Background Lichen planus (LP) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology that affects the skin, nails, oral and genital mucous membranes. Conventionally, oral LP (OLP) is diagnosed through clinical assessment and histopathological confirmation by oral biopsy. Aim To explore the use of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) to detect fluorescence lifetime changes between lesional OLP and perilesional normal mucosa. Methods In this pilot study, measurements of lesional and perilesional buccal and mouth floor mucosa were conducted in vivo with a TRFS system. Histopathological findings were consistent with OLP in 8 out of 10 patients biopsied. Two patients with histopathological diagnoses of frictional hyperkeratosis and oral candidiasis, respectively, were excluded from the study. Results Our preliminary data show that lifetime values in the 360-560 nm spectral range indicate a significant differentiation between normal and diseased tissue. In contrast to the standard oral biopsy procedure, this technique is noninvasive, painless, time-efficient and safe. Conclusions Future studies are needed to better elucidate the diagnostic capability of TRFS and to further explore the sources of fluorescence contrast. This pilot study suggests that, based on fluorescence lifetime parameters, TRFS is a very promising technology for the development of a novel OLP diagnostic technique.
Reflections on Disappointing Student Work

ABSTRACTThis paper highlights how the application of principles of formative assessment and a generous reading protocol changed my perspective on disappointing student work and led to course adjust...
Daydreaming and Adolescent Depression

Jim, a 16-year-old adolescent, was brought to therapy sessions by his mother. Jim had become increasingly withdrawn and was spending more and more time by himself in his room. He also had been truant from school and, with some other youths, had gotten in some trouble with the authorities.
Translational Behavior Analysis: From Laboratory Science in Stimulus Control to Intervention with Persons with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities.

Throughout its history, laboratory research in the experimental analysis of behavior has been successful in elucidating and clarifying basic learning principles and processes in both humans and nonhumans. In parallel, applied behavior analysis has shown how fundamental behavior-analytic principles and procedures can be employed to promote desirable forms of behavior and to prevent or ameliorate undesirable forms in clinical, educational, and other settings. Less obviously, there has also emerged a small but identifiable bridging field that can potentially connect and inform both basic and applied behavior analysis. Although such translational behavior analysis uses laboratory methodologies, research targets are selected largely for their value in ultimate application to improve the human condition. I will discuss the distinction of translational behavior analysis from basic and applied behavior analysis and consider the potential contribution that translational research can make in the development of the science of behavior.
The Influence of Genetic Factors on Leukocyte and Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules

Atherosclerosis and its complications arise largely as a result of inflammatory processes. A key component of this response is the emigration of mononuclear cells into the blood vessel wall, which is orchestrated by adhesion molecules expressed both on leukocytes and on endothelium. Over the last few years, these molecules have been extensively studied, leading to a well-described paradigm of leukocyte recruitment, termed the adhesion cascade. Adhesion molecule families are classified according to structure and function and, broadly speaking, are genetically well conserved across species. However, it has become apparent that in human genetics variations exist within a number of these molecules. In some cases, these variations have been directly associated with the development or worsening of inflammatory disease and in others a functional mo-lecular significance has been elucidated. Only recently has pharmacological inhibition of adhesion molecules been successful in human disease, although a number of experimental models exist utilizing both monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors. As yet, examination of the effects of genetic factors on such treatments has not been reported. As both the appreciation of the importance of genetic variations of adhesion molecules increases and the development of specific therapies further expands into the clinical arena, it seems possible that both will be of importance in the diagnosis and management of atherosclerotic disease.
Dispersal and Current Systems (1963–1976)

Studies of dispersal patterns, that is the areal variation of scalar sedimentary properties resulting from sediment transport, are a major part of sedimentology. The literature on this subject is exceptionally widely scattered; it is found in papers on meteorology, pollution and the environment, marine geology, prospecting for metallic minerals, clay mineralogy, glacial geology, paleogeomorphology, and engineering geology, to name but a few. The subject receives the continuing attention of sedimentologists in their study of the provenance of both modern and ancient sands and sandstones. And, if we are willing to include dispersion by ancient man — his trading of valuable products — we should also examine some of the archeological literature!
Clays in the Critical Zone

Clays and clay minerals are the most abundant natural reactive solids on the Earth's surface. This comprehensive review considers clay science in the context of the Critical Zone - the Earth's permeable near-surface layer. Providing information on clays and clay minerals related to geological, biological and material sciences in the Critical Zone, it's well suited for graduate students and researchers interested in clay science, and environmental and soil mineralogy. The book starts with an introduction to clays and clay minerals, their historic background, and a review of how clay science impacts the Critical Zone. Examples and applications demonstrate how clays regulate habitats and determine the availability of other resources. These examples are supported by quantitative field data, including numerical and graphical depictions of clay and clay mineral occurrences. The book concludes by covering Critical Zone clay geochemistry and clay sequences, including the industrial, synthetic medical and extra-terrestrial world of clay science.
Context-Sensitive Single-Modality Image Emotion Analysis: A Unified Architecture from Dataset Construction to CNN Classification

Still image emotion recognition is receiving increasing attention in recent years due to the tremendous amount of social media content on the Web. Opinion mining, visual emotion analysis, search and retrieval are among the application areas to name a few. Works are published on the subject, offering methods to detect image sentiments, while others focus on extracting the true social signals, such as happiness and anger, among others. However “context-sensitive” emotion recognition has been by and large discarded in the literature so far. Moreover, the problem in the single-modal domain; i.e. using only still images, remains less attended. In this work, we introduce the largest dataset of images collected from the wild, UCF ER, labeled with emotion and context. We train a context-sensitive classifier to classify images based on both emotion and context, hence introducing the first single-modal context-sensitive emotion recognition CNN model trained on our newly constructed dataset. Relying on our categorical approach to emotion recognition, we claim and show that including context as part of a unified training process helps boost performance, while reducing dependency on cross-modality approaches. Experimental results demonstrate considerable boost in performance compared to state-of-the-art.
Mediation Models of Perceived Medical Heterosexism, Provider-Patient Relationship Quality, and Cervical Cancer Screening in a Community Sample of Sexual Minority Women and Gender Nonbinary Adults.

Abstract Purpose: Sexual minority women (SMW) are vulnerable to cervical cancer, yet there is a dearth of research on potential mediators of cervical cancer disparities. Medical heterosexism, which...