cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient on-chip power delivery with run-time voltage regulator clustering

In this paper, a power delivery system for homogeneous chip multi-processor (CMP) systems is proposed. The power delivery system is modified at run time by clustering multiple on-chip voltage regulators (OCVR) depending on the power demand of the workload. The OCVRs are designed to deliver up to the average current requirement of the typical workloads executed on the CMP platform. When the current demand of a core cluster exceeds the average value, the output of multiple OCVRs is combined through a high-speed s witch network to provide the necessary current. Two OCVR topologies (Buck and LDO) are analyzed to characterize the impact on the characteristics of the voltage regulator as the peak load current is reduced. Simulation results for run-time OCVR clustering indicate a 36% reduction in the energy consumption of the system at an average load current with improvement in the load regulation. In addition, the area occupied by the OCVRs is reduced by at least 70%.
Near real-time incipient fault detection in IGBT switches

The early detection of incipient faults is desirable in mission-critical applications such as shipboard propulsion drives. This paper presents an online condition-monitoring approach for detecting early stage faults in IGBTs. The proposed algorithm extracts important device features (i.e. on-state resistance, gate charge, etc.) and compares them to healthy values recorded over a range of operating conditions. The algorithm is based on principal-components analysis (PCA). An experimental implementation in an IGBT-based drive is described, and results recorded with two different faults over a range of operating conditions are presented. The scheme integrates well with new FPGA-based gate drives and provides a powerful alternative to rules-based fault detection.
AT-101, a Pan-Inhibitor of Bcl-2 Family Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Antagonizes the Protective Effect Conferred by Nurselike Cells on Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells.

Despite the longevity of CLL B cells in vivo , in vitro CLL cells readily undergo apoptosis under conditions that support the growth of normal B cells. However, when leukemia cells are co-cultured with non-neoplastic accessory cells, such as those found in the marrow stroma and nurselike cells (NLC) that can differentiate from blood mononuclear cells they become resistant to spontaneous and drug induced cell death. These findings suggest that the defective apoptosis of the CLL B cells is not only ascribed to intrinsic defects in the neoplastic cell, but also to extrinsic factors that influence their behavior provided by the tumor microenvironment. As such, identification of molecular targets that link malignant B cells to supportive cells in the microenvironment may lead to new therapeutic avenues for CLL patients. For example, we have found that co-culture with NLC induces expression of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family in CLL cells. [Nishio M 2005] Induction of such prosurvival proteins by accessory cells may play a role disease aggressiveness and leukemia cell resistance to chemotherapy in vivo . AT-101 is a small molecule that mimics the inhibitory BH3 domain of endogenous antagonists of the Bcl-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins negating their cytoprotective role. Fluorescence polarization assays demonstrate that AT -101 binds to Bcl-2, BcL- XL , Bcl- W , and Mcl-1. AT-101 is cytotoxic to primary CLL cells in vitro and has been shown to have single agent activity in high risk CLL patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of Mcl-1 by AT-101 may diminish the protection of NLC on CLL cells and may render the leukemia cells more sensitive to spontaneous and drug induced apoptosis. Primary CLL cells from 20 different patients were plated with or without NLCs, and cell viability was assessed overtime. Co-culture of CLL cells with NLC protected the CLL cells from undergoing spontaneous apoptosis. After 48 hours the average viability (+/− SEM) of CLL cells with NLC was 75% (+/− 4%) whereas the mean viability of CLL cultured alone was significantly lower at 59% (+/−5%) (p For example, treatment of CLL cells with AT-101 at 5 μM, with or without NLC, resulted in CLL cell viability at 48 hours of only 40% (+/−7%.) or 30% (+/−7%.), respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant. AT-101 and F-ara-A were titrated in the setting of NLC and appeared to act additively in inducing apoptosis of CLL cells. In fact, NLC protection of CLL cells from fludarabine mediated cytotoxicity was negated in the presence of AT-101. Together our results describe a new therapeutic mechanism for targeting CLL interaction with the microenvironment. Specifically, a pan-inhibitor of Bcl-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins AT-101 antagonizes the protection of CLL by NLC to both spontaneous and fludarabine mediated apoptosis.
Impact of In-vehicle Voice Control Systems on Driver Distraction: Insights From Contextual Interviews

Many in-vehicle systems have multimodal interfaces and allow mobile device connectivity to embedded and cloud-based systems. However, some drivers continue to use their hand-held devices regardless...
Polarization in p p elastic scattering at small |t|

We have measured the polarization parameter for proton-proton elastic scattering at p/sub 0/ = 6 GeV/c for vertical-bartvertical-bar < 0.5 (GeV/c)/sup 2/ using the polarized proton beam at the Argonne Zero Gradient Synchrotron. These data, together with all previous measurements in this t region, are well fitted by the empirical relation P = (0.481 +- 0.010)(-t)/sup 1///sup 2/ exp(2.291 +- 0.085) t.
Taking a Closer Look at the Factors That Influence Ethnic Identity

Ethnic identity (EI) has long been known to supersede race as a predictor for attitudes and behaviors. However, little is known about the constituent parts that comprise and influence ethnic identi...
A phase II trial 90y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with reduced intensity regimen of fludarabine (flu) and melphalan (mel) followed by allo-HCT in patients with refractory B-cell lymphoma.

6545 Background: RIC allo-HCT has reduced transplant-related mortality (TRM) in patients with relapsed NHL. However, relapses do occur despite potential graft vs. lymphoma (GVL) effect. We hypothes...
Solution-Based Large-Area Assembly of Coaxial Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Nanowires for Fast Ambipolar Charge Transport

Donor–acceptor interfacial microstructures and fast ambipolar charge transport are pivotal in determining the device performance of inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaics. Here, we report on a series of one-dimensional coaxial p-n junction core–shell nanohybrids formed by direct side-on attachment of carboxylated poly(3-alkylthiophene)s onto single-crystalline ZnO nanowires. The diameter of pristine ZnO nanowires is ∼30 nm, and the conjugated polymer forms a 2–10 nm shell around each nanowire. Spectroscopic studies on the resulting core–shell hybrid nanowires show an elongated conjugation length of the poly(3-alkylthiophene) backbone and fast electron transfer via ordered donor–acceptor interfaces. Hybrid nanowires in suspensions spontaneously undergo phase transitions from isotropic to nematic liquid crystalline phases via a biphasic region with increasing concentration. The unique liquid crystalline elasticity of nanohybrids results in large-area monodomain structures of aligned hybrid nanowires under s...
Mechanically programmed valving technology and the active flow switching application in centrifugal microfluidics

Abstract Centrifugal microfluidic system (Lab-on-CD) is attractive for realizing the conventional laboratory processes on a single microfluidic platform. Efficient valving technology for centrifugal microfluidics is highly desired for fluidic sample regulation. This paper reports a new valving technology based on the intrinsic centrifugal force. The valving system is mechanically programed to achieve sequential control of fluidic samples. The performance of the valving system was tested using a microfluidic chip fabricated using 3D printing technology. The valve can be controlled by manipulating the rotational speed and showed good performance. The effect of the system’s physical parameters on the burst frequencies of the valve and the interaction between different valves were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The burst frequencies of the valves can be tuned easily by changing the physical parameters of the mechanical system. An active flow switch was designed and tested based on sequential control of multiple valves. It is capable of operation at low rotation frequency with no requirement for reversed rotation direction as in other reported work. The valving system is highly reliable, compact, and easy to be fabricated. It works independent of the microfluidic chip, thus could be reversibly used and easily reconfigured for different application on the centrifugal platform.
Investments as Probability Distributions

The core of the theory behind portfolio construction was developed in 1956 by Harry Markowitz. Many pages have been written about the procedures and the shortcomings, but in this brief paper I attempt to take an alternative perspective on the theory. I cannot recommend enough the insights provided in Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis, 8/e, by Edwin Elton, Martin Gruber, Stephen Brown, and William Goetzmann as a detailed and accessible survey of this topic. My only claim to insight is in how the portfolios are viewed: instead of looking at portfolio selection as selecting an efficient portfolio in mean-variance space, I view portfolio selection as selecting a probability distribution. This, I think, maintains the original integrity behind Markowitz’s insights and addresses many of the criticisms of the theory.
HER2 positivity in brain metastases from gastrointestinal primary malignancies.

61Background: HER2 amplification in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, beyond gastric cancer, is uncommon and as a result infrequently tested. In breast cancer, HER2 amplification has been associated w...
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity regulates mRNA methylation in mouse embryonic stem cells

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity regulates multiple signal transduction pathways and is also a key component of the network responsible for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Genetic deletion of Gsk-3α and Gsk-3β or inhibition of GSK-3 activity via small molecules promotes stem cell pluripotency, yet the mechanism underlying the role for GSK-3 in this process remains ambiguous. Another cellular process that has been shown to affect stem cell pluripotency is mRNA methylation (m6A). Here, we describe an intersection between these components, the regulation of m6A by GSK-3. We find that protein levels for the RNA demethylase, FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), are elevated in Gsk-3α;Gsk-3β-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). FTO is normally phosphorylated by GSK-3, and MS identified the sites on FTO that are phosphorylated in a GSK-3-dependent fashion. GSK-3 phosphorylation of FTO leads to polyubiquitination, but in Gsk-3 knockout ESCs, that process is impaired, resulting in elevated levels of FTO protein. As a consequence of altered FTO protein levels, mRNAs in Gsk-3 knockout ESCs have 50% less m6A than WT ESCs, and m6A-Seq analysis reveals the specific mRNAs that have reduced m6A modifications. Taken together, we provide the first evidence for how m6A demethylation is regulated in mammalian cells and identify a putative novel mechanism by which GSK-3 activity regulates stem cell pluripotency.
How Are Students’ Emotions Associated with the Accuracy of Their Note Taking and Summarizing During Learning with ITSs?

The goal of this study was to examine 38 undergraduate and graduate students’ note taking and summarizing, and the relationship between emotions, the accuracy of those notes and summaries, and proportional learning gain, during learning with MetaTutor, an ITS that fosters self-regulated learning while learning complex science topics. Results revealed that students expressed both positive (i.e., joy, surprise) and negative (i.e., confusion, frustration, anger, and contempt) emotions during note taking and summarizing, and that these emotions correlated with each other, as well as with proportional learning gain and accuracy of their notes and summaries. Specifically, contempt during note taking was positively correlated with proportional learning gain; note taking accuracy was negatively correlated with proportional learning gain; and confusion during summarizing was positively correlated with summary accuracy. These results reveal the importance of investigating specific self-regulated learning processes, such as taking notes or making summaries, with future research aimed at examining the differences and similarities between different cognitive and metacognitive processes and how they interact with different emotions similarly or differently during learning. Implications of these findings move us toward developing adaptive ITSs that foster self-regulated science learning, with specific scaffolding based on each individual student’s learning needs.
Vibrational stabilization of linear systems with time delay

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of vibrational stabilization for a class of linear systems with time delay. The vibrational stabilizability conditions are formulated. An example of vibrational stabilization of a linear time delay system is presented.
In-Memory Processing on the Spintronic CRAM: From Hardware Design to Application Mapping

The Computational Random Access Memory (CRAM) is a platform that makes a small modification to a standard spintronics-based memory array to organically enable logic operations within the array. CRAM provides a true in-memory computational platform that can perform computations within the memory array, as against other methods that send computational tasks to a separate processor module or a near-memory module at the periphery of the memory array. This paper describes how the CRAM structure can be built and utilized, accounting for considerations at the device, gate, and functional levels. Techniques for constructing fundamental gates are first overviewed, accounting for electrical and noise margin considerations. Next, these logic operations are composed to schedule operations in the array that implement basic arithmetic operations such as addition and multiplication. These methods are then demonstrated on 2D convolution with multibit data, and a binary neural inference engine. The performance of the CRAM is analyzed on near-term and longer-term spintronic device technologies. Significant improvements in energy and execution time for the CRAM-based implementation over a near-memory processing system are demonstrated, and can be attributed to the ability of CRAM to overcome the memory access bottleneck, and to provide high levels of parallelism to the computation.
Dynamics of an integrated solar photovoltaic and battery storage nanogrid for electric vehicle charging

Abstract In this paper, the performance of a renewable Solar Photovoltaic (PV) nanogrid — here defined as a small-scale power system, which comprises a single domain for control, reliability, and power quality — is assessed for Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. A nanogrid testbed, containing PV as the power supply, twenty EV charging stations, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), and a smart-inverter is connected to a primary feeder on the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Microgrid. We present four different smart-inverter control algorithms that govern battery dispatch for different energy management goals. The control algorithms were evaluated with respect to four figures of merit: (1) Renewable Penetration, (2) Voltage Profiles, (3) Net Power Flows, and (4) PV curtailed. A steady-state power flow model of the nanogrid was developed to study the local power quality. The control algorithms were able to successfully use the battery to shift the nanogrid peak load and also limit the nanogrid demand to a given threshold. It is shown that the nanogrid was able to offset the EV daily charging loads completely. In this same mode, the renewable contribution to EV charging was 80%, and the overall solar penetration (accounting for export and battery charge) was 89%.
Palliative care for patients with pulmonary fibrosis: symptom relief is essential.

Patients with PF-ILD suffer from heavy symptom burden and poor quality of life. Early use of opioids and low dose BDZ in severely ill patients with respiratory comprise may lead to improved symptom control and quality of life for this patient group.http://ow.ly/x50e30mJ6ko
Cloud-Based Collision-Aware Energy-Minimization Vehicle Velocity Optimization

In recent years, many efforts have been devoted to reducing vehicles' energy consumption through optimizing their velocities. However, all previous methods neglect avoiding vehicle collision when calculating vehicles' optimal velocity profiles. In this paper, we formulate a new problem, called the Collision-Aware vehicle Energy consumption Minimization (CAEM) problem that calculates the optimal velocity profiles which avoid vehicle collision. CAEM is more difficult to solve than the traditional velocity optimization problem that is for a single vehicle, since CAEM needs to take into account the mobility of all the vehicles together to avoid collision. This problem is a convex problem that cannot be directly solved by existing methods. Further, it is impractical to get the mobility information of all vehicles at the beginning. Even if it is feasible, the computation efficiency is very low. We propose a novel method that can tackle these challenges. In order to keep each vehicle velocity as stable as possible to reduce the energy consumption, it builds a light schematic map to help identify the green light time interval of each traffic light in the source-destination route of a vehicle, during which the vehicle must drive through the traffic light. Rather than considering the mobility of all vehicles at a time, it calculates each vehicle's velocity profile in sequence based on the starting time to prevent the vehicle from colliding with all the previously scheduled vehicles. Finally, CAEM is transformed to non-convex problem and can be solved by existing optimization methods. Simulation and real-world testbed experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our method over the previous methods.
When Data Do Not Matter: Exploring Public Perceptions of Terrorism

Public perceptions of terrorism are out of line with reality. How can perceptions be changed? Using a 4 × 2 experimental design with a national sample of U.S. adults, we examine how source of infor...
Structure and mechanism of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct recognition by the Rad4/XPC nucleotide excision repair complex

Failure in repairing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage can lead to mutations and cancer. Among UV-lesions, the pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct (6-4PP) is removed from the genome much faster than the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), owing to the more efficient recognition of 6-4PP by XPC-RAD23B, a key initiator of global-genome nucleotide excision repair (NER). Here, we report a crystal structure of a Rad4-Rad23 (yeast XPC-Rad23B ortholog) bound to 6-4PP-containing DNA and 4-μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations examining the initial binding of Rad4 to 6-4PP or CPD. This first structure of Rad4/XPC bound to a physiological substrate with matched DNA sequence shows that Rad4 flips out both 6-4PP-containing nucleotide pairs, forming an 'open' conformation. The MD trajectories detail how Rad4/XPC initiates 'opening' 6-4PP: Rad4 initially engages BHD2 to bend/untwist DNA from the minor groove, leading to unstacking and extrusion of the 6-4PP:AA nucleotide pairs towards the major groove. The 5' partner adenine first flips out and is captured by a BHD2/3 groove, while the 3' adenine extrudes episodically, facilitating ensuing insertion of the BHD3 β-hairpin to open DNA as in the crystal structure. However, CPD resists such Rad4-induced structural distortions. Untwisting/bending from the minor groove may be a common way to interrogate DNA in NER.
Pilot Testing a Nutrition and Motivational Interviewing Curriculum for Undergraduate Nursing Students (P04-174-19)

To develop a childhood obesity prevention curriculum for undergraduate nursing students and test the initial feasibility and efficacy to increase: 1) participants’ knowledge about motivational interviewing (MI) and health behaviors associated with obesity, and 2) participants’ self-efficacy and ability to apply knowledge to conduct MI and discuss health behaviors related to childhood obesity. Nutrition and nursing professionals developed the curriculum, which was taught in three 2.5-hour sessions with one follow-up session. Using a non-experimental pre-post study design, knowledge, self-efficacy, rated on a five-point scale from not confident (1) to extremely confident (5), and satisfaction, were evaluated via surveys before the first and after the final session. During the follow-up session, participants individually practiced their MI skills with trained standardized patients (SP) in ten-minute sessions. All sessions were video recorded and coded to assess MI proficiency. Data were analyzed using descriptives and t-tests, and Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) 3.1.1 was used to assess MI proficiency. All 13 participants identified as non-Hispanic, White, and were seniors in an undergraduate nursing program, with a mean age of 21.6 ± 1.6. After the pilot, there was a significant mean increase (P = 0.003) in nutrition knowledge (score out of 24; pre: 18.6 ± 2.1, post: 20.5 ± 2.5). There was also a mean increase in self-efficacy (pre: 3, post: 4), and nine participants obtained beginning MI proficiency in at least one category, showing success relative to the training time they received. Most participants reported being very (63.6%) or extremely (9.1%) satisfied with the curriculum and training. They provided useful feedback about changes before future use of the curriculum. The pilot succeeded in improving knowledge and self-efficacy related to MI, but some changes are required to improve the curriculum for future use. Given the important role nurses play in school and healthcare settings, finding ways to incorporate obesity prevention is crucial. This work is supported by the Rhode Island EOHHS Health Care Workforce Transformation Project.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: early diagnosis is the key

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a disorder which affects all ages, from infancy through adulthood. It typically affects atopic individuals (Table 1) and is a chronic allergic disorder, with foods ubiquitous in the diet being the most described trigger of this isolated eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus in both adults and children. This inflammatory process leads to esophageal symptoms such as dysphagia and feeding intolerance. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of EoE therapy and symptomatology and then try to make the case for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent some of the long-term consequences of esophageal inflammation.
Patient/Provider Discussions About Clinical Trial Participation and Reasons for Nonparticipation Among Adolescent and Young Adult Women with Cancer

Purpose: Clinical trial enrollment is low among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer and may contribute to inferior survival gains in recent years in this population compared with other ...
A nonlinear data-driven reduced order model for computational homogenization with physics/pattern-guided sampling

Abstract Developing an accurate nonlinear reduced order model from simulation data has been an outstanding research topic for many years. For many physical systems, data collection is very expensive and the optimal data distribution is not known in advance. Thus, maximizing the information gain remains a grand challenge. In a recent paper, Bhattacharjee and Matous (2016) proposed a manifold-based nonlinear reduced order model for multiscale problems in mechanics of materials. Expanding this work here, we develop a novel sampling strategy based on the physics/pattern-guided data distribution. Our adaptive sampling strategy relies on enrichment of sub-manifolds based on the principal stretches and rotational sensitivity analysis. This novel sampling strategy substantially decreases the number of snapshots needed for accurate reduced order model construction (i.e., ∼ 5 × reduction of snapshots over Bhattacharjee and Matous (2016)). Moreover, we build the nonlinear manifold using the displacement rather than deformation gradient data. We provide rigorous verification and error assessment. Finally, we demonstrate both localization and homogenization of the multiscale solution on a large particulate composite unit cell.
Information Networks and Market Segmentation

I examine how non-uniform information diffusion through distinct networks segments U.S. financial markets. Using changes in newspaper ownership networks, I document that a network link between different geographic areas leads to increased comovement of turnover and returns between stocks headquartered in those areas. Consistent with delayed content sharing within a network, the largest increase in comovement is observed using weekly data. I show that the network-driven comovement is not driven by fundamentals and is weaker for large firms with high institutional ownership and declines in the post-internet era. I also document that a network link causes price levels of linked stocks to become more similar. My findings show that segmented information networks lead to segmented financial markets with implications for market efficiency, home bias, and the effects of changes in the U.S. media landscape on financial markets.
Prehospital blunt traumatic arrest resuscitation augmented by whole blood: a case report.

Background Prehospital hemorrhagic shock accounts for approximately 25,000 civilian deaths annually in the United States. A balanced, blood-based resuscitation strategy is hypothesized to be the optimal treatment for these patients. Due to logistical constraints, delivering a balanced, blood-based resuscitation is difficult in the prehospital setting. A low titer O+ whole blood (LTO+ WB) ground ambulance initiative, may help alleviate this capability gap. Case report A 37-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle collision at approximately 16:30. While she was trapped inside the vehicle, her mental status deteriorated. The patient was successfully extricated at 17:04 and found to be in cardiac arrest. The paramedics and firefighters quickly secured her airway and applied a mechanical CPR device. The first responder team obtained return of spontaneous circulation, but the patient's blood pressure was 43/27 mmHg. The paramedics transfused one unit of LTO+ WB. Twenty-one minutes after the initial LTO+ WB transfusion, the air ambulance team transfused a second unit of LTO+ WB. Upon hospital arrival, the transfusion was completed, and the patient's shock index improved to 1.0. The trauma team identified a grade 5 splenic injury with active extravasation. Interventional radiology performed an angiogram and successfully embolized the tertiary branches of the inferior splenic pole. She was extubated on postinjury Day one and discharged to her home neurologically intact on postinjury Day 12. Conclusion The prehospital availability of LTO+ WB may enhance the resuscitation of critically ill trauma patients.
Microsimulation Model to Determine the Cost-Effectiveness of Treat-to-Target Strategies for Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims Little is known about the cost effectiveness of endoscopy or biomarker-based treat to target monitoring of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods We used a microsimulation model to identify the most cost effective treat to target monitoring strategy for patients with UC staring therapy with biologics or small molecule inhibitors. We assessed symptoms (rectal bleeding) alone, a combination of symptoms and a biomarker (fecal calprotectin), and endoscopy. Transition probabilities, costs, and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) estimates were derived from published estimates. The microsimulation model tracked an individual patient’s disease course and treatment exposures to modify downstream treatment effectiveness, probabilities, and disease outcomes. The primary analysis included 100,000 individuals over 5 years with a willingness to pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed with 500 samples and 250 trials, in addition to multiple 1-, 2-, and 3-way microsimulation sensitivity analyses. Results A total of 32 treatment sequencing algorithms were modeled alongside 3 disease monitoring strategies within a treat to target approach for UC. Combination symptom and biomarker-based monitoring resulted in the highest QALY estimate among all the treatment sequencing algorithms. However, monitoring disease activity with symptoms alone was the most cost-effective strategy in 86% of scenarios, followed by combination symptom and biomarker monitoring in 9%, and endoscopy monitoring in 5%. Results were sensitive to treatment costs, patient willingness to consider colectomy as a treatment option, and endoscopy costs. Endoscopy-based monitoring was favored when treatment costs were high and patients were unwilling to undergo colectomy. Conclusions The combination symptom and biomarker-based monitoring resulted in the highest QALY estimate. However, symptom-based monitoring is the most cost-effective approach to implementing treat to target monitoring for patients with UC receiving biologics and small molecule inhibitors.
Neuro-Ophthalmic Features of Autoimmune Encephalitides.

Background Over the past decade, there has been a remarkable advancement in the understanding of autoimmune etiologies of encephalitis. The first identified generation of paraneoplastic encephalitis tends to occur in older populations, responds poorly to immunotherapy, and is mediated by T-cell damage with antibodies directed toward intracellular antigens. A new generation of autoimmune encephalitides has been described, which are mediated by antibodies to cell-surface proteins, tend to occur in younger individuals, are less frequently associated with malignancy, and often respond better to treatment compared to their intracellular antigen-related paraneoplastic counterparts. This review will focus on several specific antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitides with neuro-ophthalmic pertinence. Evidence acquisition Literature review and personal clinical experience. Results Several of the antibody-mediated encephalitides, specifically N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6, glial fibrillary acidic protein, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), collapsing response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), and kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11), contain features of neuro-ophthalmic interest. Conclusions The novel cell-surface protein-directed autoimmune encephalitis group can present with a wide range of afferent and efferent neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Neuro-ophthalmologists should be familiar with these antibody-associated syndromes, which are treatable and often require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
Internal Wave Driven Mixing and Transport in the Coastal Ocean

Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to develop improved parameterizations of internal wave driven mixing in global circulation models where such small-scale processes are not resolved (i.e. occur as subgrid-scale processes). The main objectives are: (1) to perform a series of high-resolution numerical microstructure profile studies using representative field scale flows in the coastal ocean to investigate the relationship between relevant length scales and time scales for mixing of both momentum and scalar (density); (2) to formulate parameterizations for diapycnal (irreversible) mixing driven by internal waves; and (3) to explain the fate of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) that propagate into shallower seas as a result of the interaction process and determine whether they contribute significantly to mixing and transport.
An amended potassium persulfate ABTS antioxidant assay used for medicinal plant extracts revealed antioxidant variation based upon plant extraction process

Use of potassium persulfate (K2S208) for oxidation of 7.0 mM ABTS to a stable ABTS radical for antioxidant studies was first reported in 1999. A feature of this popular antioxidant assay has been the requirement of an overnight reaction (6 to 12 h) for the formation of a stable ABTS colored radical. It is now reported that when the concentration of ABTS is lowered to 0.7 mM, complete oxidation to the stable cation radical occurs in 30 min, thus circumventing the necessary overnight step. Using this format, it is now possible to accurately assess antioxidant activity based on the potassium persulfate/ABTS format in less than one hour which includes formation time of a stable ABTS radical. This methodology documented the presence of antioxidant properties of plant extracts used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The degree of antioxidant activity was directly related to the extraction method. Greater antioxidant activity was associated with butanol extraction. When incorporated into a microtiter plate format, it supported rapid assessment of multiple determinations of dilutions of plant extracts in less than one hour which included time required for formation of a stable ABTS radical. The ease, improved time prerequisites, and minimal reagent needs with the microtiter plate format, makes this design attractive. It would prove of particular interest to individuals engaged in both smaller and high-volume throughput antioxidant assays of food and health products, and other biological fluids and tissues.
Chaos in SIS quasiparticle Tunneling

An investigation into chaotic behavior in SIS quasiparticle currents is reported. The range of parameters for which period multiplying and chaos have been found to occur is discussed.
Understanding the Role of Linguistic Complexity in Famous Trial Outcomes

Famous trials not only generate immense popularity and intrigue, they also have the power to change history. Surprisingly, little research examines the use of complex language during these cultural...
Analysis of the Visual Response of the Fly Sarcophaga Bullata During Pupal Development

One of the goals of visual electrophysiology is the resolution of the complex visual response into its various components and the assignment of these components to specific sites in the visual system. By observing the visual response present at different stages in the development of an organism, it is possible to identify those components which, when combined, yield the waveform of the adult response. It is also possible to assign these components to specific neuronal regions based on correlations between structural differentiation and response waveform changes.
Abstract 12651: Fine-Tuning of Lung Thrombosis is a Therapeutic Strategy Against Inflammatory Lung Injury

Introduction: Lung thrombosis (LT) and endothelial cell (EC) death are positively associated with mortality in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) patients, but anti-coagulants have failed in cl...
Qualitative Methods and the Study of Authoritarian Regimes

Documents from the archives of America's Cold War antagonists are becoming increasingly available, but the project of using those materials to understand the nature of power within those states has only just begun. This paper proposes that a scientific realist understanding approach to questions like contingency, generalizability, and falsifiability provides the most appropriate methodological grounding for future research.
Sleep is required for odor exposure to consolidate memory and remodel synapses

Summary Sleep is conserved across phyla and is shown here to be required for memory consolidation in the nematode, C. elegans. However, it is unclear how sleep collaborates with experience to change specific neurons and associated synapses to ultimately affect behavior. C. elegans neurons have defined synaptic connections and described contributions to specific behaviors. We show that spaced odor-training induces long-term memory, which transits a labile period before being stably maintained. This post-training labile period is required for long-term memory. Memory consolidation, but not acquisition, requires a single interneuron, AIY, which plays a role in odor-seeking behavior. We find that sleep and conditioning mark inhibitory synaptic connections between the butanone-sensing AWC neuron and AIY to decrease synapses and it is in the post-sleep wake phase that memory-specific synaptic changes occur. Thus, we demonstrate in the living organism how sleep initiates events lasting beyond the period of sleep to drive memory consolidation.
Syndemics: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to Complex Epidemic Events Like COVID-19

In this review, we trace the origins and dissemination of syndemics, a concept developed within critical medical anthropology that rapidly diffused to other fields. The goal is to provide a review ...
Examining the Association Between Instructor Leadership Styles and Student Learning in Marketing Courses

The author applies some of the concepts from the Hershey - Blanchard situational leadership theory (1972) to the student learning. This study suggests that the instructors who reflect relationship and task oriented instruction enhance student learning. The study identifies the specific dimensions of these leadership styles and suggests how marketing instructors may maximize student learning.
Communication and data sharing for dynamic distributed systems

This research direction aims to develop and analyze algorithms to solve problems of communication and data sharing in highly dynamic distributed environments. The term dynamic here encompasses many types of changes, including changing network topology, processor mobility, changing sets of participating client processes, a wide range of types of processor and network failures, and timing variations. Constructing distributed applications for such environments is a difficult programming problem. In practice, considerable effort is required to make applications resilient to changes in client requirements and to evolution of the underlying computing medium. We focus our work on distributed services that provide useful guarantees and that make the construction of sophisticated distributed applications easier. The properties we study include ordering and reliability guarantees for communication and coherence guarantees for data sharing. To describe inherent limitations on what problems can be solved, and at what cost, the algorithmic results will be accompanied by lower bound and impossibility results. One example of our approach is the new dynamic atomic shared-memory service for message-passing systems. We formally specified the service and developed algorithms implementing the service. A system implementation is under development. The service is reconfigurable in the sense that the set of owners of data can be changed dynamically and concurrently with the ongoing read and write operations. We proved the correctness of the implementation for arbitrary patterns of asynchrony and crashes, and we analyzed its performance conditioned on assumptions about timing and failures.
Race, class, and leisure activity preferences: marginality and ethnicity revisited.

This study examines the relationship between race, leisure preferences, and class awareness. Based on interest-group theory of class identification, we hypothesized that blacks and whites who defin...
Chapter 2 The Impact of the Caenorhabditis elegans Genome Project on Potassium Channel Biology

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the impact of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome project on potassium channel biology. The analysis of potassium channels in C. elegans from a “functional genomics” perspective has many unique aspects: C. elegans has a genome size of approximately one hundred million base pairs. The availability of the entire DNA sequence of the C. elegans genome provides the first glimpse of the entire set of K + channels in one animal. This nearly complete picture of potassium channel diversity is revealed in an unbiased way because no particular cell, tissue type, or abundance class is favored. In addition to the primary sequence of a gene product and all alternative forms, a complete genomic sequence allows addressing a host of questions that were previously inaccessible. These questions include the genetic determinants of tissue specificity such as enhancers, promoters, and sequences that determine splice-site selection, and other transcribed but nontranslated regions that may control message transport, localization, or lifetime.
On Sparse Nonparametric Conditional Covariance Selection

We develop a penalized kernel smoothing method for the problem of selecting nonzero elements of the conditional precision matrix, known as conditional covariance selection. This problem has a key role in many modern applications such as finance and computational biology. However, it has not been properly addressed. Our estimator is derived under minimal assumptions on the underlying probability distribution and works well in the high-dimensional setting. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated on both simulation studies and the analysis of the stock market.
Early teenage pregnancy, contraception, and repeat pregnancy.

Abstract A total of 1,824 births to patients aged 16 and under during 1971 and 1972 were examined. Premature birth, and fetal, neonatal, and perinatal death were more common in this young age group. Contraceptive acceptance was high at postpartum visit. Approximately half of the patients registered for continuing interconceptional care. The population is described and contraceptive acceptance, contraceptive continuation, and repeat pregnancy are recorded.
The abortion issue and Title VII employment discrimination: The microcosm of the law

This paper presents a discussion of a 1989 United States federal appeals court ruling in the case of Doe v. First National Bank. The case is the first ruling on the federal appellate level involving a claim of Title VII employment discrimination based upon alleged employer knowledge of and animus towards an employee who had undergone an abortion. Doe raises the ethical questions of how a highly charged, national social issue can be reduced to interpersonal dealings between a supervisor and her subordinate in the workplace. The facts of the case are presented in a chronological manner, followed by a discussion of both the court rulings in the case and the utility of employing this case as an excellent tool in the teaching of business ethics and society.
Demonstration of submersible high-throughput microfluidic immunosensors for underwater explosives detection.

Significant security threats posed by highly energetic nitroaromatic compounds in aquatic environments and the demilitarization and pending cleanup of areas previously used for munitions manufacture and storage represent a challenge for less expensive, faster, and more sensitive systems capable of analyzing groundwater and seawater samples for trace levels of explosive materials. Presented here is an inexpensive high throughput microfluidic immunosensor (HTMI) platform intended for the rapid, highly selective quantitation of nitroaromatic compounds in the field. Immunoaffinity and fluorescence detection schemes were implemented in tandem on a novel microfluidic device containing 39 parallel microchannels that were 500 μm tall, 250 μm wide, and 2.54 cm long with covalently tethered antibodies that was engineered for high-throughput high-volume sample processing. The devices were produced via a combination of high precision micromilling and hot embossing. Mass transfer limitations were found in conventional...
Perceptions of risk among college smokers: Relationships to smoking status

Introduction: Previous research has suggested that college smokers and nonsmokers have differing perceptions of smoking risk. However, this research has not compared subgroups of college smokers, including never smokers, experimenters, “deniers” (i.e., students who smoke but do not identify as smokers), and self-identified smokers. To better understand perceived risk among these subgroups, the goals of the following study were to examine perceptions of risk within a sample of deniers, and determine whether perceived risk predicts intention to smoke. Method: Data were from a larger online survey assessing smoking behavior among 1904 students at a large Northeastern university. Participants answered questions about their perceptions of risk associated with various smoking behaviors and their expectations about their future smoking behavior. Results: Consistent with previous research, smokers and nonsmokers differed in their perception of short-term smoking risk. Deniers were only half as likely as self-iden...
Assessment of Automatic Generation Control performance index criteria

This paper evaluates the most common performance index criteria employed in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) using a detailed Load Frequency Control (LFC) model considering the physical constraints. Moreover, it introduces a robust and efficient performance index criterion capable of minimizing the settling time and overshoot of the system response to load changes which cannot be obtained by common performance index criteria. The results show that common performance index criteria such as Integral of the Absolute Value of the Error (IAE) and Integral of the Square of the Error (ISE) cannot be the best criteria to obtain minimal settling time and overshoot. Furthermore, some cases are observed where ISE is employed and best performance is achieved in terms of performance index criterion but the AGC scheme cannot remove the steady-state error completely. However, the proposed multi-objective performance index criterion has the best performance in minimizing settling time and overshoot simultaneously.
A kind of nonadiabatic planetary wave in the air-land interaction

To investigate the instability of motion in the air-land interaction, an atmosphere-land coupled model was analyzed. The model includes the heat and moisture transfer between the land surface and the atmosphere. A kind of nonadiabatic planetary wave results from the interaction. The moisture processes, especially condensational heating, tend to enhance fluctuations. The period of the most unstable mode is about one month, and the corresponding wavelength is about 3,000 km at mid-latitudes. The effect of various physical parameters on the instability, such as the strength of condensation, albedo, drag coefficient, and runoff, are described.
RAT BRAIN NA+ CHANNEL MRNAS IN NON-EXCITABLE SCHWANN CELLS

The expression of rat brain voltage-sensitive Na+ channel mRNAs in Schwann cells was examined using in situ hybridization cytochemistry and RT-PCR. The mRNAs of rat brain Na+ channel subtype II and III, but not subtype I, were detected in cultured Schwann cells from sciatic nerve and in intact sciatic nerve, which contains Schwann cells but not neuronal cell bodies. These results indicate that rat brain Na+ channel mRNAs, which have been considered as mainly neuronal-type messages, are also expressed in glial cells in vitro and in vivo.