cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Consuming Frequent, Higher Protein Meals on Appetite and Satiety During Weight Loss in Overweight/Obese Men

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary protein and eating frequency on perceived appetite and satiety during weight loss. A total of 27 overweight/obese men (age 47 ± 3 years; BMI 31.5 ± 0.7 kg/m 2 ) were randomized to groups that consumed an energy-restriction diet (i.e., 750 kcal/day below daily energy need) as either higher protein (HP, 25% of energy as protein, n = 14) or normal protein (NP, 14% of energy as protein, n = 13) for 12 weeks. Beginning on week 7, the participants consumed their respective diets as either 3 eating occasions/day (3-EO; every 5 h) or 6 eating occasions/day (6-EO; every 2 h), in randomized order, for 3 consecutive days. Indexes of appetite and satiety were assessed every waking hour on the third day of each pattern. Daily hunger, desire to eat, and preoccupation with thoughts of food were not different between groups. The HP group experienced greater fullness throughout the day vs. NP (511 ± 56 vs. 243 ± 54 mm · 15 h; P < 0.005). When compared to NP, the HP group experienced lower late-night desire to eat (13 ± 4 vs. 27 ± 4 mm, P < 0.01) and preoccupation with thoughts of food (8 ± 4 vs. 21 ± 4 mm; P < 0.01). Within groups, the 3 vs. 6-EO patterns did not influence daily hunger, fullness, desire to eat, or preoccupation with thoughts of food. The 3-EO pattern led to greater evening and late-night fullness vs. 6-EO but only within the HP group (P < 0.005). Collectively, these data support the consumption of HP intake, but not greater eating frequency, for improved appetite control and satiety in overweight/obese men during energy - restriction-induced weight loss.
High-temperature superconductivity

The current status of basic research on the high-temperature cuprate superconductors and the prospects for technological applications of these materials are discussed. Recent developments concerning other novel superconductors are also briefly described.
Salinity and nutrients influence species richness and evenness of phytoplankton communities in microcosm experiments from Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA

Harsh environments are typically characterized by some dominant variable limiting diversity, making them interesting systems for studying how species diversity patterns change with abiotic conditions. Several environmental factors with the potential to influence phytoplankton diversity in hypersaline lakes were examined with microcosm experiments using inoculum from the Great Salt Lake, Utah. Experimental combinations of salinity and nutrient supply were run at three different temperatures. Results confirm salinity as a strong determinant of phytoplankton diversity, while also demonstrating the importance of nutrient supply, where species richness decreased with increasing salinity and increased with nutrient enrichment. Community evenness decreased with nutrient enrichment, indicating few species were favored by nutrient enrichment, becoming very abundant. Community biomass was positively correlated with richness and negatively correlated with evenness. Additionally, the abundance of particular species, most notably Dunaliella sp., was strongly affected by salinity, temperature and nutrient enrichment following patterns observed in the Great Salt Lake, where its abundance increased with salinity, cooler temperatures and increased nutrient enrichment. These results add to growing evidence that while salinity is a dominant factor influencing diversity in
Regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor gene expression during the estrous cycle: role of progesterone receptors.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulates the release of GnRH in an estrogen (E2)-dependent manner, which is important in generating preovulatory GnRH surges. We tested the hypothesis that E2 up-regulates NPY’s actions by stimulating NPY Y1 receptor (Y1r) gene expression through a mechanism mediated by E2’s ability to induce progesterone (P) receptors (PRs). In initial experiments, a specific Y1r antagonist BIBP3226 was used to confirm the involvement of Y1r in the stimulatory effects of NPY on in vivo GnRH release. Hypothalamic Y1r messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were then measured using competitive RT-PCR and were found to be significantly increased at 1000, 1200, and 1400 h on proestrus compared with other times of the day or cycle stage. Ovariectomy eliminated these increases, and E2 treatment restored them. Additional P treatment produced even larger increases in Y1r mRNA levels. To assess the role of PRs in stimulating Y1r expression, proestrous rats were treated with PR antagonist or oil vehicle and killed at 1200 h. Treatment with PR antagonist completely blocked the proestrous rise in Y1r gene expression. In parallel experiments, the same in vivo PR antagonist treatments also blocked NPY stimulation of GnRH release in vitro. Together our findings reveal that 1) Y1r mRNA levels are increased during the late morning and afternoon of proestrus; 2) Y1r mRNA levels are similarly increased by E2, and to an even greater extent by additional P; and 3) PR antagonism blocks both increased Y1r mRNA and induction of GnRH responsiveness to NPY. These observations support the idea that E2 up-regulates GnRH neuronal responses to NPY through stimulation of Y1r gene expression, and that E2’s actions are mediated by the induction and subsequent activation of PRs. (Endocrinology 141: 3319 ‐3327, 2000)
The channel capacity of a certain noisy timing channel

The effect of noise on a simple covert timing channel is investigated. Shannon's information theory is used to quantify the resulting information flow across the channel. In particular, how a probabilistic response time to a query by the receiver affects the mutual information and channel capacity is studied. The channel capacity is expressed in terms of the critical probability for the mutual information function which is given in closed form in terms of Wright's hypergeometric function. >
ATP mediates fast synaptic potentials in enteric neurons

Conventional intracellular electrophysiological methods were used to study fast synaptic transmission in the myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum in vitro. Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were evoked in 98 neurons following single stimuli applied to interganglionic connectives. The nicotinic antagonist hexamethonium (100 microM) reduced fEPSPs by 83% in 37 neurons; these fEPSPs were considered to be cholinergic. In 61 neurons, hexamethonium reduced fEPSPs by 33%; fEPSPs recorded in the presence of hexamethonium were considered to be noncholinergic. Similar data were obtained using the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (10 microM) to block fEPSPs. Hexamethonium or mecamylamine completely blocked depolarizations caused by acetylcholine (ACh) applied by ionophoresis. The P2 receptor antagonist suramin (1-300 microM) inhibited noncholinergic fEPSPs in 30 cells; the suramin IC50 was 4 microM. Suramin (100 microM) did not block depolarizations caused by ACh or 5-HT, but suramin blocked depolarizations caused by ATP. Hexamethonium did not block ATP-induced depolarizations. The estimated reversal potential for suramin-sensitive fEPSPs and ATP-induced depolarizations was -25 and -16 mV, respectively. ATP responses were reduced in low-sodium (26 mM) extracellular solution, suggesting that ATP activates a cation channel. These data indicate that in myenteric nerves ATP, in addition to ACh, contributes to fast synaptic transmission.
Circuit activity based logic synthesis for low power reliable operations

A system developed to synthesize both finite state machines and combinational logic for low-power applications, called SYCLOP, is described. SYCLOP tries to minimize the transition density at the internal nodes of a circuit to minimize power dissipation during normal operation. As input signal probabilities and transition densities are considered during the synthesis process, a particular circuit can be synthesized in different ways for different applications that require different types of inputs. For the present state inputs to the combinational circuit of a state machine, simulation was used to determine the signal probabilities and transition densities. The algorithm is not limited by the number of bits used for state assignment. The multilevel optimization process extracts kernels so that there is a balance between area and power optimization. Results have been obtained for a wide range of MCNC benchmark examples. >
4He/3He Thermochronometry: Theory, Practice, and Potential Complications

Thermochronometry most often involves the determination of a cooling age from parent and daughter abundances within an entire crystal or population of crystals (Dodson 1973). Complementary information exists in the spatial concentration distribution of the daughter, C ( x,y,z ), within a single crystal. By combining a bulk cooling age with C ( x,y,z ) on the same sample, it is possible to place tight limits on the sample’s time-temperature ( t-T ) path. Techniques for this kind of analysis have been developed for several different parent/daughter systems including U-Th-Pb and K-Ar (Harrison et al. 2005). Here we describe how this approach is applied to the (U-Th)/He system. The particular attraction of the (U-Th)/He method is its sensitivity to uniquely low temperatures. For example, the nominal 4He closure temperatures (at 10 °C/Myr) for apatite, zircon and titanite are 70 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C, respectively (Reiners and Farley 1999, 2001; Farley 2000; Reiners et al. 2002, 2004). In the case of apatite, we will show that significant diffusive mobility of 4He occurs at temperatures just slightly higher than those of the Earth’s surface. In this chapter, we present an overview of the 4 He / 3 He thermochronometry technique in which the natural spatial distribution of 4He is constrained by stepwise degassing 4He/3He analysis of a sample containing synthetic, proton-induced 3He. We present the fundamental theory, assumptions, practical aspects of proton irradiation and stepwise 4He/3He analyses, as well as several example applications of 4He/3He thermochronometry. In particular, we illustrate how the 4He/3He technique can be used to determine the helium diffusion kinetics and constrain the natural 4He distribution within an individual crystal or a small population of crystals, and how this information can be …
Autogenous and Prosthetic Reconstruction of the Ear

Injuries to the ear can result in partial or complete loss of the external ear. Resection of the external ear may be necessary secondary to malignant tumor or infection. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of acquired defects of the external ear. Because autogenous reconstruction is not always possible, both autogenous and prosthetic reconstruction are presented as well as the indications for both. This information should help guide the clinician in the decision-making process. In the hands of experienced clinicians, reconstruction of the external ear can result in an excellent outcome, with improved quality of life for the patient.
Novel Mass Spectrometric Methods for Evaluation of Plasma Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 and Renin Activity

This article demonstrates the applicability of quantitative proteomics to assays of proteolytic enzyme activity. A novel assay was developed for measurement of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma. The method was validated in animal models associated with alterations of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) with a ProteinChip Array technology, plasma renin and ACE1 could be measured in R 2 =0.95 to 0.98). ACE1 activity was blocked with chelating agents (EDTA and 1,10 phenanthrolene), indicating action of a metalloprotease. The ACE1 inhibitor, captopril, selectively blocked ACE1. Renin activity was specifically blocked with renin inhibitor and was not affected by phenanthrolene or captopril. Animal models tested were Ang AT1a receptor-deficient and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice. Plasma renin activity was increased >2-fold in AT1a −/− as compared with AT1a +/+ . In STZ diabetic mice, ACE1 was increased 2-fold as compared with controls. The advantage of the method is that it is tagless, does not require additional purification steps, and is extremely sensitive. The approach can be multiplexed and used for identification of novel substrates/inhibitors of the RAS.
A 10-GHz quasi-optical grid amplifier using integrated HBT differential pairs

Summary form only given. The authors report the fabrication and testing of a 10-GHz grid amplifier utilizing 16 GaAs chips each containing an HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) differential pair plus integral bias/feedback resistors. The AlGaAs-GaAs HBT material was grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The amplifier exhibits a peak gain of 12 dB at 9.9 GHz, with a 3 dB bandwidth which extends from 9.55 and 10.3 GHz. The peak gain and bandwidth are sensitive to polarizer position, indicating that the polarizers provide good matching to free space. Output power is linear with input power, indicating that the grid operates as an amplifier rather than as an injection-locked oscillator. Gain saturation can be observed at low DC bias and high-input RF levels. >
Online Analysis of Textile Card Web Density

One area of research at Georgia Tech recently has focused on the measurement of Card-web density. This research is part of a study to spin yarns directly from a card web thus eliminating several processes. A Card-Spinning system has been designed which can quantify the cross-machine and machine direction web non-uniformity using a non-contact web density measurement technique. The web monitoring system for Card-Spinning uses a line scan camera to capture the image continuously and is equipped with an image analysis program, to characterize the web quantitatively, predicting the product quality. A multifunctional graphical interface has been designed for the image analysis program, which can be used to calculate the statistics for the non-uniformity of the card web both online and offline. This would help in characterizing the nature of non-uniformity and to understand the system better before employing methods to improve it. This paper discusses the development and results from the work.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Differential Development of Various Social Relationships by Rhesus Monkey Infants

The social network of the infant is one of ever-expanding complexity in a number of respects. Far from being a tabula rasa, the typical neonate enters its postnatal world equipped with substantial perceptual capabilities and behavioral predispositions, and it rapidly becomes the focus of widespread social activity by those within its immediate environment. Few contemporary developmental researchers would argue with the view that in the succeeding weeks, months, and years, the infant’s perceptual systems become considerably more sophisticated, its behavioral repertoire expands enormously, and its cognitive capabilities increase qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Those arguments that do exist tend to deal instead with the degree to which such advancement is a function of the “normal” maturation of the infant’s brain and CNS, as opposed to a function of the infant’s interaction with its social and nonsocial environment. Perhaps as a result of this continuing controversy, models of social development involving either one or, to a growing extent, both of these sets of factors have become increasingly sophisticated in recent years (e.g., Sameroff, 1975).
Mesenteric vascular responses to vasopressin during development of DOCA-salt hypertension in male and female rats.

Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension develops to a greater extent in male (M) than in female (F) rats. To determine the role of the vasculature, reactivity to arginine vasopressin (AVP) and prostanoid output were examined in the isolated perfused mesenteric vasculature of hypertensive (HT) and normotensive-control (NTC) M and F rats after acute (1-wk) and chronic (4-wk) DOCA-salt treatment. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in M than in F HT rats (187 +/- 3 vs. 151 +/- 3 mmHg after 4 wk; P These findings suggest that sex differences in the relative balance between AVP-induced vasoconstriction and vasodilatory prostanoid release may contribute to male-female differences in mesenteric vascular reactivity to AVP in NT and that disturbances in this balance may be responsible, at least in part, for the sex- and time-dependent changes in reactivity to AVP observed during the development of DOCA-salt hypertension.
Mechanisms and Origins of Switchable Chemoselectivity of Ni-Catalyzed C(aryl)–O and C(acyl)–O Activation of Aryl Esters with Phosphine Ligands

Many experiments have shown that nickel with monodentate phosphine ligands favors the C(aryl)–O activation over the C(acyl)–O activation for aryl esters. However, Itami and co-workers recently discovered that nickel with bidentate phosphine ligands can selectively activate the C(acyl)–O bond of aryl esters of aromatic carboxylic acids. The chemoselectivity with bidentate phosphine ligands can be switched back to C(aryl)–O activation when aryl pivalates are employed. To understand the mechanisms and origins of this switchable chemoselectivity, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted. For aryl esters, nickel with bidentate phosphine ligands cleaves C(acyl)–O and C(aryl)–O bonds via three-centered transition states. The C(acyl)–O activation is more favorable due to the lower bond dissociation energy (BDE) of C(acyl)–O bond, which translates into a lower transition-state distortion energy. However, when monodentate phosphine ligands are used, a vacant coordination site on nickel creat...
Development of a population simulation model for HIV monotherapy virological outcomes using lamivudine

Current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) requires the use of combinations of three drugs to minimize the early emergence of drug-resistant HIV strains. Therefore, long-term monotherapy ...
Second-Order Modeling of Variability and Uncertainty in Microbial Hazard Characterization

This study describes an analytical framework that permits quantitative consideration of variability and uncertainty in microbial hazard characterization. Second-order modeling that used two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation and stratification into homogeneous population subgroups was applied to integrate uncertainty and variability. Specifically, the bootstrap method was used to simulate sampling error due to the limited sample size in microbial dose-response modeling. A data set from human feeding trials with Campylobacter jejuni was fitted to the log-logistic dose-response model, and results from the analysis of FoodNet surveillance data provided further information on variability and uncertainty in Campylobacter susceptibility due to the effect of age. Results of our analyses indicate that uncertainty associated with dose-response modeling has a dominating influence on the analytical outcome. In contrast, inclusion of the age factor has a limited impact. While the advocacy of more closely modeling variability in hazard characterization is warranted, the characterization of key sources of uncertainties and their consistent propagation throughout a microbial risk assessment actually appear of greater importance.
Neuronal variability in orbitofrontal cortex during economic decisions

Neuroeconomic models assume that economic decisions are based on the activity of offer value cells in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), but testing this assertion has proven difficult. In principle, ...
NH+4 augments net acid secretion by a ouabain-sensitive mechanism in isolated perfused inner medullary collecting ducts

We have shown that NH4+ and K+ compete for extracellular binding on the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) in the rat terminal inner medullary collecting duct (tIMCD). The present study explored whether the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase modulates transepithelial net acid flux [JH+ = total CO2 absorption (JtCO2) + total ammonia secretion (JtAM)]. Tubules from the tIMCD were dissected from deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-treated rats and perfused in vitro. Perfusate and bath were identical physiological saline solutions containing 25 mM NaHCO3 + 6 mM NH4Cl or were NH4Cl or were NH4Cl free. With NH4+ present, the fall in total CO2 from perfusate to collected fluid (delta tCO2, 2.5 +/- 0.4 mM; n = 6) was accompanied by an increase in collected total ammonia concentration (0.2 +/- 0.1 mM). However, in the absence of NH4Cl, delta tCO2 was only 0.9 +/- 0.2 mM (P < 0.05, n = 5). To determine the mechanism of this NH4Cl-induced increase in net acid secretion, the effect of Na+ pump inhibition on net acid secretion was explored. With NH4Cl present, JCO2 was 3.8 +/- 0.5 pmol.mm-1.min-1 (ouabain absent) but declined to 1.6 +/- 0.3 pmol.mm-1.min-1 with ouabain addition to the bath (n = 7, P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the presence of NH4Cl, intracellular pH (pHi) increased from 7.05 +/- 0.02 to 7.15 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05, n = 5) with ouabain addition and returned to 7.06 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05) with ouabain removal. However, in the absence of NH4Cl, ouabain failed to reduce JtCO2 (P = NS, n = 5), and an increase in pHi was not observed (n = 4, P = NS). In conclusion, NH4+ augments net acid secretion likely by serving as a proton source for bicarbonate absorption and titration of other luminal buffers. This ammonium pathway is dependent on the basolateral membrane Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase.
Room Temperature Low-Cost UV-Cured Adhesive Bonding for Microfluidic Biochips

In this paper, we present a simple method for bonding of micromachined glass biochips. Our approach relies on medical-grade UV-cured adhesives to enable low-cost, room temperature, biocompatible, and optically transparent bonding. This method can be extended to other substrate types, such as silicon, ceramic, or plastic. Using this method, we fabricate biochips to dispense biochemical stimuli to tissue engineered patellar tendon implants in culture to improve their biomechanical properties.
Predicting imminent risk for fracture in patients aged 50 or older with osteoporosis using US claims data

Patient characteristics contributing to imminent risk for fracture, defined as risk of near-term fracture within the next 12 to 24 months, have not been well defined. In patients without recent fracture, we identified factors predicting imminent risk for vertebral/nonvertebral fracture, including falls, age, comorbidities, and other potential fall risk factors. Several factors contribute to long-term fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis, including age, bone mineral density, and fracture history. Some patients may be at imminent risk for fracture, defined here as a risk of near-term fracture within 12–24 months. Many patient characteristics contributing to imminent risk for fracture have not been well defined. This case-control study used US commercial and Medicare supplemental insured data for women and men without recent fracture to identify factors associated with imminent risk for fracture. Patients included were aged ≥50 with osteoporosis, had a vertebral or nonvertebral fracture claim (index date; fracture group) or no fracture claim (control group) from January 1, 2006, to September 30, 2012, continuously enrolled and without fracture in the 24 months before index. Potential risk factors during the period before fracture were assessed. Using data from 12 months before fracture, factors significantly associated with imminent risk for fracture were previous falls, older age, poorer health status, specific comorbidities (psychosis, Alzheimer’s disease, central nervous system disease), and other fall risk factors (wheelchair use, psychoactive medication use, mobility impairment). Similar findings were observed with data from 24 months before fracture. In patients with osteoporosis and no recent fracture, falls, older age, poorer health status, comorbidities, and other potential fall risk factors were predictive of imminent risk for fracture. Identification of factors associated with imminent risk for vertebral/nonvertebral fracture may help identify and risk stratify those patients most in need of immediate and appropriate treatment to decrease fracture risk.
Digital phase detection for high-precision surface acoustic wave sensor systems

We are developing a highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor system for biomedical and industrial applications. One of the key components of such a system is the signal read-out unit based on digital phase detection, which is needed to quantitatively determine tiny mass change on the sensor. To find a method that produces the highest precision, we have compared several digital phase detection methods (fast-Fourier transform, zero-crossing and sine-wave fitting) and found the zero-crossing method to be the most promising one. Using this method, a phase detection limit of 0.03deg has been achieved on an AlN/sapphire SAW sensor operating at 255.05 MHz. And the minimum phase detection limit of our system could reach 0.01deg at the same frequency
The relationships among physical activity, sedentary behaviour, obesity and quitting behaviours within a cohort of smokers in California.

Abstract Background Smoking, insufficient physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and obesity are leading risk factors for morbidity and premature mortality. Few studies examining the relationship between these behavioural risk factors and quitting behaviours among cohorts of smokers have been published. Purpose The goals of this study are to examine the cross-sectional relationships among behavioural health risk factors (insufficient PA, SB and obesity) and past year quitting behaviours within a sample of smokers. Methods The California Smokers Cohort, conducted from 2011 through 2013, is a population-based survey of adult smokers in California. Using follow-up data ( n = 1050), participants' self-reported health behaviours and past year quitting behaviours were examined in univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for demographic covariates. Results In univariate analyses examining health behaviours among smokers, all three health behaviours examined (PA, SB and obesity) were related, and significantly more obese smokers with high PA and low SB reported a ≥20% smoking rate reduction than smokers with other combinations of health behaviours (48.8%, Chi-squared = 4.765, P = 0.045). In multivariate models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, obese smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.450, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.088–1.932, P = 0.011) and smokers with higher levels of PA (OR = 1.448, 95% CI: 1.111–1.887, P = 0.006) were more likely to report a past year ≥24-hour quit attempt regardless of SB, and obese smokers (OR = 1.760, 95% CI: 1.095–2.828, P = 0.019) were more likely to report being quit for ≥30 days regardless of PA and SB. Conclusions Overall, the results demonstrated that more physically active and obese smokers were more likely to report positive strides towards quitting. These findings support the potential positive effect of addressing multiple health behaviours along with smoking.
Mini-lasers for high-repetition-rate rare gas halide oscillators

We report operation of a rare gas halide mini laser with an active area 10 cm x 2 mm x 4 mm and complete dimension including blumlein circuit slightly over one square foot. KrF lasing of greater than 320 milliwatts average power at 333 Hz is reported and steady lasing at over 1.25 kHz is obtained. The energy per pulse at low repetition rate is 1.8 mJ. XeCl lasing of greater than 60 milliwatts average power at 350 Hz is reported, and steady lasing at over 850 Hz is obtained. Pulsewidth control is obtained from 10 ns to over 50 ns via control of the cavity Q.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Retrospective Chart Analysis of Concussion Discharge Instructions in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background Recognition and diagnosis of concussion is increasing, but current research shows these patients are discharged from the emergency department (ED) with a wide variability of recommendations and instructions. Objective To assess the adequacy of documentation of discharge instructions given to patients discharged from the ED with concussions. Methods This was a quality-improvement study conducted at a University-based Level I trauma center. A chart review was performed on all patients discharged with closed head injury or concussion over a 1-year period. Chi-squared measures of association and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the proportion of patients receiving discharge instructions (printed or documented in the chart as discussed by the physician). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between whether the concussion was sport-related in relation to our primary outcomes. Results There were 1855 charts that met inclusion criteria. The physician documented discussion of concussion discharge instructions in 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 39.2–43.7) and printed instructions were given in 71% (95% CI 69.1–73.2). Physicians documented discussion of instructions more often for sport-related vs. non-sport-related concussion (58% vs. 39%, p = 0.008) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.1 (95% CI 1.6–2.8). Discharge instructions were given more often for sport-related injuries than those without sport-related injuries (85% vs. 69%, p = 0.047), with an OR of 2.2 (95% CI 1.6–3.1). Children were more likely to have had physician-documented discussion of instructions (56%, 95% CI 52.3–59.1 vs. 31%, 95% CI 28.0–33.6), printed discharge instructions (86%, 95% CI 83.2–88.1 vs. 61%, 95% CI 57.6–63.4), and return-to-play precautions given (11.2%, 95% CI 9.2–13.6 vs. 4.5%, 95% CI 3.4–5.9) compared with adults. Conclusions Documentation of discharge instructions given to ED patients with concussions was inadequate, overall.
Abstract 327: Diabetes Influences Carotid Artery Endarterectomy Plaque Lipidomics

Nearly 20% of all ischemic strokes result from an atherosclerotic embolic source at the carotid arterial bifurcation. Patients with diabetes (DM) are at significantly increased risk of developing carotid artery stenosis, which predisposes to disabling strokes. Initial evidence suggests that carotid artery phospholipids are differentially expressed in patients with advanced atherosclerotic disease. However, it is unknown whether patients with DM and/or symptomatic carotid artery stenosis have unique carotid artery lipidomic profiles. To test this hypothesis, we performed a comprehensive analysis of phospholipid expression in carotid endarterectomy tissue harvested from a cohort of 18 patients (11 DM; 7 non-DM). Diabetic patients had a higher BMI (P=0.02), and increased use of b-blockers (P sn -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (pPE38:4) and 1-(1Z,9Z-octadecedienyl)-2-arachidonoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (pPE38:5) were the most highly (>109% increase) and differentially expressed phospholipids in the plaque segments of DM patients (P
The centralizer decomposition of BG

Let G be a compact Lie group and p a fixed prime number. Recall that an elementary abelian p-group is an abelian group isomorphic to (Z/p)r for some r. Jackowski and McClure showed in [10] how to decompose the classifying space BG at the prime p as a homotopy colimit of spaces of the form BC G (V). where V is a nontrivial elementary abelian p-subgroup of G and C G (V) is the centralizer of V in G (see §2). If the center of G is trivial then each of the centralizers C G (V) is a proper subgroup of G, and so in this case the decomposition theorem gives an explicit way of gluing together BG, at least at p, from the classifying spaces of smaller groups. In this paper we will use this decomposition to give parallel inductive proofs of three theorems about BG; the first two theorems are already known but the third is probably new.
12-month Success of Cracked Teeth Treated with Orthograde Root Canal Treatment.

Abstract Introduction Long-term studies examining the treatment outcomes of “cracked teeth” that received orthograde root canal treatment in the United States do not exist. The purpose of the present study was to examine the distribution and 1-year treatment outcomes of cracked teeth receiving orthograde root canal treatment in 1 private endodontic practice over a 25-year period. Methods A total of 3038 cracked teeth were initially examined, and data from 2086 unique patients were analyzed. Pulpal and periapical diagnoses, year of treatment, tooth type, restorative material, and number of restored surfaces at the time of examination were recorded for all patients. Periodontal probing depths were also recorded. The patients’ age and sex were added retrospectively for all patients whose data were available. Univariate frequency distributions for all collected variables were evaluated. Bivariate associations were analyzed between explanatory variables and the success of the root canal therapy. Results Of the 2086 cracked teeth observed among unique patients, the most common were mandibular second molars (36%) followed by mandibular first molars (27%) and maxillary first molars (18%). Among the 363 teeth eligible for multivariable regression analysis, 296 (82%) were deemed successes after 1 year. There were no statistically significant differences in success based on pulpal diagnosis (irreversible pulpitis, 85%; necrosis, 80%; previously treated, 74%), patients’ age, sex, year of treatment, tooth type, restorative material, or number of restored surfaces at the time of examination. The 3 factors most significant in bivariate analyses were pocket depth, distal marginal ridge crack, and periapical diagnosis, which were used to generate a prognostic index for success of orthograde root canal therapy in cracked teeth called the Iowa Staging Index. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that cracked teeth that received root canal treatment can have prognoses at higher success rates than previously reported. The Iowa Staging Index may prove to be useful in clinical treatment decision making.
The Role of the Main and Accessory Olfactory Systems in Prenatal Olfaction

Olfaction, an “early” sensory system both phylogenetically and ontogenetically, is required for survival in the newborn mammal. For example, odor cues orient neonates to their mother, her nipples and the nest; neonatal house mice whose olfactory bulbs are lesioned subsequently undergo fatal malnutrition (Coppola et al., 1994). Altricial rodents, like the mouse and rat, are not only born deaf and blind but are denied vision and hearing for some time after birth.
Toward a Genealogy of the Balkan Discourses on Race

The ongoing racist reception of immigrants by post-communist states previously known to be class conscious, internationalist, and egalitarian naturally raises the question: how is racism possible i...
How Common is

Fewer Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) beneficiaries have their earnings suspended or terminated because of work than those who are actually working, partly because beneficiaries "park" earnings at a level below substantial gainful activity (SGA) to retain benefits. We assess the extent of parking by examining how beneficiary earnings and months off the rolls for work responded to a 1999 change in the SGA level for non-blind beneficiaries from $500 to $700 per month. Specifically, our difference-in-difference analysis compares longitudinal data for two beneficiary cohorts with different incentives to park their earnings; one experienced the increased SGA level the first year after its Trial Work Period (TWP), when beneficiaries can earn any amount without losing benefits, while the two-year-earlier cohort did not. The impact of the increased SGA level is consistent with parking, but its magnitude small. The reduction in TWP completers with earnings less than $500 was 1.0 percentage points, the reduction in the percentage with earnings over $700 was 1.2 percentage points, and the increase for those with earnings between $500 and $700 was 2.2 percentage points. However, there was no change in mean earnings; small increases for those with relatively low earnings were offset by reductions for those with relatively high earnings. The SGA increase had a significant negative effect on the average number of months that beneficiaries were off the rolls for work; the effect was largest-about six-tenths of a month-for those who earned $500 to $700 during in year they completed their TWP.
Patient Satisfaction With Providers: Do Patient Surveys Give Enough Information to Help Providers Improve Specific Behaviors.

Background:Patient satisfaction surveys ask patients specific questions about provider behavior such as whether they were satisfied with the provider’s instructions about medications or time spent ...
Influence of CAV clustering strategies on mixed traffic flow characteristics: An analysis of vehicle trajectory data

Abstract Being one of the most promising applications enabled by connected and automated vehicles (CAV) technology, Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is expected to be deployed in the near term on public roads. Thus far, the majority of the CACC studies have been focusing on the overall network performance with limited insights on the potential impacts of CAVs on human-driven vehicles (HVs). This paper aims to quantify such impacts by studying the high-resolution vehicle trajectory data that are obtained from microscopic simulation. Two platoon clustering strategies for CACC- an ad hoc coordination strategy and a local coordination strategy-are implemented. Results show that the local coordination outperforms the ad hoc coordination across all tested market penetration rates (MPRs) in terms of network throughput and productivity. According to the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, however, the distributions of the hard braking events (as a potential safety impact) for HVs change significantly under local coordination strategy. For both of the clustering strategy, CAVs increase the average lane change frequency for HVs. The break-even point for average lane change frequency between the two strategies is observed at 30% MPR, which decreases from 5.42 to 5.38 per vehicle. The average lane change frequency following a monotonically increasing pattern in response to MPR, and it reaches the highest 5.48 per vehicle at 40% MPR. Lastly, the interaction state of the car-following model for HVs is analyzed. It is revealed that the composition of the interaction state could be influenced by CAVs as well. One of the apparent trends is that the time spent on approaching state declines with the increasing presence of CAVs.
Targeting Thymidine Phosphorylase with Tipiracil Hydrochloride is a Safe and Effective Antithrombotic Therapy

Rationale: Most of the current anti-platelet drugs inhibit platelet function permanently and have systemic side effects, including thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage. We previously found that thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), a platelet cytoplasmic protein, facilitates multiple agonist-induced platelet activation and enhances thrombosis. A specific TYMP inhibitor, namely, tipiracil hydrochloride (TPI), has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use as an auxiliary drug making it possible to be repositioned as an anti-platelet medicine. Objective: We aimed to test the hypothesis that TPI is a novel and safe anti-platelet drug by examining its role in platelet activation and thrombosis using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods and Results: By co-expression of TYMP and Lyn or Lyn-SH3 domain tagged with glutathione S-transferase, we showed the direct evidence that TYMP binds to the SH3 domain in its partners. TYMP haplodeficiency is sufficient to inhibit thrombosis in vivo regardless of gender. TPI treatment rapidly inhibited collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation, which copied the phenotype of TYMP deficient platelets. Under both normal and hyperlipidemic conditions, treating wild type (WT) mice with TPI via intraperitoneal injection, intravenous injection, or gavage feeding dramatically inhibited thrombosis without inducing significant bleeding. Even administered above the effective dose, TPI has a lower bleeding side effect compared to aspirin and clopidogrel. Most importantly, intravenously delivery of TPI alone or combined with tissue plasminogen activator dramatically inhibited the growth of developing thrombi. Dual administration of very low dose of aspirin and TPI also dramatically inhibited thrombosis without disturbing hemostasis. Conclusion: This pharmacological study demonstrated that TYMP participates in multiple signaling pathways in platelet and plays a mechanistic role in regulating platelet activation and thrombosis. TPI, a specific TYMP inhibitor, would be a novel safe anti-platelet and anti-thrombosis medicine.
Carbon catabolite repression relaxation in Escherichia coli: global and sugar-specific methods for glucose and secondary sugar co-utilization

The ability to utilize agricultural waste products is one of the many reasons why bioprocessing using Escherichia coli is an attractive alternative to unsustainable fossil fuel-based methods for chemical synthesis. However, mixed sugar co-utilization is a challenge for E. coli due to the effects of carbon catabolite repression (CCR), which dictates a preference for the consumption of glucose over secondary sugars through the mechanisms of inducer exclusion and transcriptional regulation. To overcome these obstacles, metabolic engineers have developed strategies to relax the effects of CCR through both global and sugar-specific methods. Understanding the feed conditions as well as the engineering opportunities for CCR relaxation can allow for the development of a strain with maximized productivity and growth.
Establishment of a karyotypically normal cytotoxic leukemic T-cell line from a T-ALL sample engrafted in SCID mice

Bone marrow (BM) cells from a child with an immature (CD3-) acute T lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) bearing no chromosomal abnormalities failed to grow in long-term culture in the presence or absence of recombinant human (rh) growth factors but could be engrafted in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and induced leukemia. The leukemic cells recovered from the animal tissues could be adapted to grow in vitro in the presence of rh interleukin-2 (IL-2) and give rise to a growth factor-dependent cell line designated TALL-107. This cell line expresses T-cell-specific mature markers (CD2, CD3/T-cell receptor [TCR] alpha beta, CD8, CD56), and its growth can be inhibited by IL-4 of all the cytokines tested. Similar to the original leukemic blasts, TALL-107 cells are clonal, have rearranged TCR-beta, gamma, and delta loci, and a normal 46 XY karyotype. However, unlike the patient9s BM cells, the TALL-107 cell line displays potent tumoricidal activity that is not major histocompatibility complex restricted. The magnitude of mRNA expression of perforin and serine esterases and of lytic activity depends on the doses of IL-2 added. TALL-107 cells can also be triggered by CD3- and CD2-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to mediate reverse tumor cell lysis. In addition, this cell line produces high levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha on stimulation with anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD2 MoAb both in the presence or absence of IL-2. The overall data indicate that the SCID mouse is able to support the functional maturation and expansion of a cytotoxic T- cell subset from some types of T-ALL.
Mean response latency indices on the Victoria Symptom Validity Test do not contribute meaningful predictive value over accuracy scores for detecting invalid performance.

The utility of the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) as a performance validity test (PVT) has been primarily established using response accuracy scores. However, the degree to which response la...
Revisiting the relationship between destination quality and satisfaction: evidence from developing economy

The current study provides a deeper understanding of how tourist satisfaction is shaped in a developing economy, specifically how measures of destination quality impact visitors’ satisfaction. A to...
Nutritional Programming with Dietary Soybean Meal and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Nutritional programming (NP) is considered a promising approach that can counteract the negative effects of dietary plant protein (PP) by introducing PP to fish in the early developmental stages. Therefore the objective of our study was to assess the effect of NP on PP utilization and the gut microbiome in zebrafish Danio rerio. The study included four treatment groups: (1) a positive control group that received a fishmeal (FM) diet throughout the entire trial (+ control); (2) a negative control group that received PP diet throughout the entire trial (- control); (3) an NP group that received dietary PP during the larval stage followed by FM-based diet during the juvenile stage and PP diet again during a PP challenge in the grow-out phase (NP-PP); and (4) an FM-group that received FM-based diet during the larval and juvenile stages and was challenged with a PP diet during the grow-out phase (NP-FM). During the PP challenge, the NP-PP group achieved the highest weight gain compared to the (-) control and NP-FM groups. The relative abundance of certain phyla such as Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes presented higher values in some groups at early juvenile stage. The fish gut microbiome also presented differences throughout the study.
When Ideas Matter: Democracy and Corruption in India

Comparativist scholarship conventionally gives unbridled primacy to external, material interests–chiefly votes and rents–as proximately shaping political behaviour. These logics tend to explicate elite decision-making around elections and pork barrel politics but fall short in explaining political conduct during credibility crises, such as democratic governments facing anti-corruption movements. In these instances, Baloch shows, elite ideas, for example concepts of the nation or technical diagnoses of socioeconomic development, dominate policymaking. Scholars leverage these arguments in the fields of international relations, American politics, and the political economy of development. But an account of ideas activating or constraining executive action in developing democracies, where material pressures are high, is found wanting. Resting on fresh archival research and over 120 original elite interviews, When Ideas Matter traces where ideas come from, how they are chosen, and when they are most salient for explaining political behaviour in India and similar contexts.
Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy

In this paper, we quantify the magnitude of R&D spillovers created by grants to small firms from the US Department of Energy. Our empirical strategy leverages variation due to state-specific matching policies, and we develop a new approach to measuring both geographic and technological spillovers that does not rely on an observable paper trail. Our estimates suggest that for every patent produced by grant recipients, three more are produced by others who benefit from spillovers. Sixty percent of these spillovers occur within the US, and many of them occur in technological areas substantially different from those targeted by the grants.