cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding childcare satisfaction and its effect on workplace outcomes: The convenience factor and the mediating role of work-family conflict

Building on Hobfoll's (1989, 2001) conservation of resources theory, we posit childcare is an essential resource to working parents. In addition to previously demonstrated childcare satisfaction (CCS) dimensions, we propose and demonstrate empirical support for a convenience dimension of CCS. Satisfaction with caregiver convenience refers to a parent's evaluation of the caregiver's location and availability. We hypothesize that time-related dimensions of CCS (caregiver dependability and convenience) relate to employee well-being and withdrawal, because they diminish time-based family interfering with work (FIW). We also propose quality-related CCS dimensions (caregiver attentiveness, communication, and cost) relate to psychological well-being, because they reduce strain-based FIW. Survey data from a sample of 316 university employees (faculty and staff) who were parents of under school-age children (infancy through preschool) revealed time-based FIW as an explanatory mechanism for the relationships between satisfaction with caregiver convenience and both turnover intentions and absenteeism (due to childcare issues). In addition, strain-based FIW mediated the effects of satisfaction with caregiver attentiveness on well-being and satisfaction with caregiver cost on well-being. This study expands previous research on CCS by demonstrating that CCS is related to important work outcomes in part because it reduces time- and strain-based FIW.
Godunov’s Method

Recall that one-sided methods cannot be used for systems of equations with eigenvalues of mixed sign. For a linear system of equations we previously obtained a natural generalization of the upwind method by diagonalizing the system, yielding the method (10.60). For nonlinear systems the matrix of eigenvectors is not constant, and this same approach does not work directly. In this chapter we will study a generalization in which the local characteristic structure, now obtained by solving a Riemann problem rather than by diagonalizing the Jacobian matrix, is used to define a natural upwind method. This method was first proposed for gas dynamics calculations by Godunov[24].
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics: A Review

A review of the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is presented. Emphasis is given to the derivation of the SPH equations from the hydrodynamical conservation equations. This not only shows that SPH is actually solving the hydrodynamical equations but also allows for consistent treatment of boundary terms. Recent suggestions by various authors concerning radiation transport, artificial viscosity, etc. are briefly presented and discussed. Improvements in existing codes, like the possibility of a variable smoothing length, are also discussed.
El papel de la corrida de toros y FC Barcelona en la emancipación de Cataluña de España

This paper looks at the role that bullfighting and FC Barcelona have played in the growing independence movement in Catalonia. This article will discuss nations, the importance of bullfighting and soccer to Iberian cultures, Catalan political parties and their role in the nationalist movement, the vote to prohibit bullfighting and FC Barcelona´s increasing political conscious. I conclude that bullfighting and soccer have been used by political parties and those associated with the nationalist movement to foster feelings of difference with Spain. These feelings have been passed from the top down to the Catalan people and risk alienating those who are not in agreement with the nationalist movement.
Potentiation of the anti-tumor activity of 5FU by thymidine and its correlation with the formation of (5FU)RNA.

Evidence is presented with two murine tumor systems (CD8F1 mammary carcinoma and CD2F1 colon tumor 26). We question the thesis that the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (FU) is achieved solely by the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by the derivative, fluorodeoxymonophosphate (FdUMP). The data described here are more consistent with the formation of FU-containing RNA (FU-RNA), an event which can adversely affect a variety of cellular mechanisms requiring RNA processing and function. These are not two mutually exclusive mechanisms. However, if the deleterious effect of FU-RNA constitutes a significant quantitative component of the anti-neoplastic activity of FU, the addition of thymidine would be expected to increase the antitumor activity of FU by the following three mechanisms: 1) protection of FU from catabolic degradation by saturation of the relevant enzymes with thymidine; 2) selective arrest by thymidine “feedback” of normal cells compared with malignant cells; 3) feedback repression of the FU anabolic pathways leading to deoxyderivatives, thus encouraging the entry of FU into RNA. The data reported here show that thymidine (as well as certain other nucleosides) does in fact markedly stimulate the incorporation of 5FU into newly synthesized nuclear RNA, an event which is paralleled by a striking increase in antitumor activity. Kinetic analysis of the events following the injection of FU reveals that DNA synthesis in the tumors is partially inhibited for up to 12 hours, although the effect on thymidylate synthetase is virtually immediate and complete, as measured by the incorporation of deoxyuridine into DNA. The earlier inhibition of DNA synthesis is reversible by thymidine. Subsequently however, cessation of DNA synthesis, due to the presence of FU, can no longer be reversed.
Formal regularity of the falling tone in children’s early meaningful speech

Abstract Previous research has shown that adults’ intonation is relatively unaffected by small to moderate differences in utterance length. To address conflicting findings that have been reported in developmental studies, this investigation was designed to determine whether children’s nuclear tones are independent of the length of the phonetic strings in which the tones are expressed. Nine children were studied from the one-word period (18 months of age) until three months after the onset of syntax (24 months). The children’s falling pitch contours were analyzed by using a schematic continuum that depicts accent range and complexity as gradients within bipolar directional classes. The results indicated that contour complexity was variable during the period of early meaningful speech. However, accent range tended to be uniform in phonetic strings that differed in number of syllables. This formal regularity associated with accent range preceded the onset of word combinations in the children’s language development. The findings suggest that accent range in falling tones is one of the first expressive features of the grammar that one-year-old children acquire.
Biodegradability of aged pyrene and phenanthrene in a natural soil

A study was conducted to evaluate the biodegradability of pyrene (PYR) and phenanthrene (PHE) aged in a natural soil. Both the single and binary systems were either biostimulated via a nutrient amendment or bioaugmented via an inoculation of the enriched bacteria and nutrients. Aging resulted in higher concentration of both compounds and smaller bacterial activity in the solution-phase. Surprisingly, the total biodegraded extent was greater in the aged soil system than in the freshly spiked system. As anticipated, biostimulation was not appropriate to attain an effective biodegradation in this study, and bioaugmentation achieved a substantial increase the total biodegradation extent. The above findings were attributed to indigenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa entering a stationary-phase during the 200-day aging and producing rhamnolipid biosurfactants. In addition, a different sampling technique (i.e., after vigorous hand-shaking) revealed a 15 times higher microbial population than the normal sampling from the stagnant solution. Therefore, PAH bioavailability in the aged soils can be underestimated when the microbial activity is determined only from the stagnant solution. Furthermore, cometabolism enhanced PYR degradation when PHE was present as a primary substrate.
A review of sclerosing idiopathic orbital inflammation.

Purpose of review Sclerosing idiopathic orbital inflammation is a rare, distinct subset of orbital inflammation. No consistent therapeutic regimen has been described and the majority of reports on this disease are case reports or small case series. This review looks at historical and current treatment modalities in an attempt to define the most current, effective management strategy for this disease. Recent findings Recently, the largest review to date of these patients was published, detailing clinical findings and responses to the various interventions. Two other case reports of patients who responded completely to therapy appeared in the literature. Summary Sclerosing idiopathic orbital inflammation is a rare disease with an unknown pathogenesis and poor prognosis. Current treatments are disappointing and often have little beneficial effect. There are anecdotal reports of success using combinations of immunosuppression, radiotherapy, and surgery, but a consistent, effective treatment course is lacking. Younger patients and those with a shorter duration of disease seem to have the best prognosis. Further research into the immunologic basis of the disease and a large, controlled study comparing the various sclerosing idiopathic orbital inflammation treatments are needed to determine the most effective treatment regimen.
Live iron-60 in the early solar system.

Isotopic analyses of nickel in samples from the differentiated meteorite Chervony Kut revealed the presence of relative excesses of Ni-60 ranging from 2.4 up to 50 parts per 10 exp 4. These isotopic excesses are from the decay of the now extinct short-lived nuclide Fe-60 and provide clear evidence for the existence of Fe-60 over large scales in the early solar system. Not only was Fe-60 present at the time of melting and differentiation (that is, Fe-Ni fractionation) of the parent body of Chervony Kut but also later at the time when basaltic magma solidified at or near the surface of the planetesimal. The inferred abundance of Fe-60 suggests that its decay alone could have provided sufficient heat to melt small (diameters of several hundred kilometers) planetary bodies shortly after their accretion.
Probability distributions and coverage probability in GUM, JCGM documents, and statistical inference

Abstract We discuss the interpretations of a probability distribution to express the state of knowledge about a quantity and the resulting coverage probability in the 1993 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the subsequent JCGM documents: JCGM 101:2008, JCGM 104:2009, and JCGM 200:2008. The JCGM 101:2008 is titled ‘Supplement 1 to the GUM’ and the JCGM 104:2009 is titled ‘Introduction to the GUM and related documents’. It is reasonable to expect that they would have followed the GUM definitions of probability distribution and coverage probability. We submit that such is not the case. We submit that a connection between the standard deviation of a JCGM probability distribution and the GUM standard uncertainty is obscure. The JCGM interpretation of a probability distribution is seemingly based on Bayesian statistics. Also coverage probability has a well-established meaning in conventional statistics. Therefore we discuss the meanings of probability distribution and coverage probability in conventional and Bayesian statistical inference.
BOVINE EPIDERMAL FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN : DETERMINATION OF LIGAND SPECIFICITY AND CELLULAR LOCALIZATION IN RETINA AND TESTIS

The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family consists of small, cytosolic proteins believed to be involved in the uptake, transport, and solubilization of their hydrophobic ligands. Members of this family have highly conserved sequences and tertiary structures. Using an antibody against testis lipid-binding protein, a member of the FABP family, a protein was identified from bovine retina and testis that coeluted with exogenously added docosahexaenoic acid during purification. Amino acid sequencing and subsequent isolation of its cDNA revealed it to be nearly identical to a bovine protein expressed in the differentiating lens and to be the likely bovine homologue of the human epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP). From quantitative Western blot analysis, it was estimated that bovine E-FABP comprised 0.9%, 0.1%, and 2.4% of retina, testis, and lens cytosolic proteins, respectively. Binding studies using the fluorescent probe ADIFAB indicated that this protein bound fatty acids of differing levels of saturation with relatively high affinities. Kd values ranged from 27 to 97 nM. In addition, the protein was immunolocalized to the Muller cells in the retina as well as to Sertoli cells in the testis. The location of bovine E-FABP in cells known to be supportive to other cell types in their tissues and the ability of E-FABP to bind a variety of fatty acids with similar affinities indicate that it may be involved in the uptake and transport of fatty acids essential for the nourishment of the surrounding cell types.
Tripod Operators for Efficient Search of Point Cloud Data for Known Surface Shapes

We address the problem of searching large amounts of 3D point set data for specific objects of interest, as characterized by their surface shape. Motivating applications include the detection of ambush weapons from a convoy and the search for objects of interest on the ground from an aircraft. Such data can occur in the form of relatively unstructured point sets or range images, and can be derived from a variety of sensors. We study here the performance of Tripod Operators (TOs) on synthetic range image data containing the shape of an oil drum; a cylinder with planar top. Tripod Operators are an efficient method of extracting coordinate invariant shape information from surface shape representations using discrete samples extracted in a specially constrained manner. They can be used in a variety of ways as components of a system which performs detection, recognition and localization of objects based on their surface shape. We present experimental results which characterize the approximate accuracy of detection of the test shape as a function of the accuracy of the surface shape data. This is motivated by the need for an estimate of the required accuracy of 3D surveillance data to enable detection of specific shapes.
Toward Symbolic Integration of Elliptic Integrals

A method is proposed by which elliptic integrals can be integrated symbolically without information regarding limits of integration and branch points of the integrand that is required in integral tables using Legendre?s integrals. However, it is assumed that when all polynomials in the integrand have been factored symbolically into linear factors, the exponents of all distinct linear factors are known. The recurrence relations are one-parameter relations, all formulas are given explicitly, and the integral is eventually expressed in terms of canonicalR-functions, with no increase in their number if neither limit of integration is a branch point of the integrand. It is the use ofR-functions rather than Legendre?s integrals that makes it possible to carry out the whole process symbolically. If (possibly complex) numerical values of the symbols are known, there are published algorithms for numerical computation of theR-functions.
Progressive galactose cataractogenesis and regional susceptibility in the neonatal lens.

Abstract Cortical fiber development in the neonatal rat lens was affected in offspring nursed for their first 20 days by mother rats placed on a 50% galactose diet. Scanning electron micrographs from five regions of the cataractous lenses were compared with matching regions of normal neonatal lenses of the same age. Fiber changes within each region were quantitated. The onset of the neonatal galactose cataract appeared at 7 days in the superficial anterior cortex (0–200 μm from the capsule) and progressed to the supranuclear anterior cortex (200–500 μm from the capsule) and superficial posterior cortex (0–200 μm from the capsule) by day 12 of the nursing period. By 20 days, the posterior supranuclear cortex (200–500 μm from the capsule) and nucleus showed alterations. Despite the region, individual fiber cataractogenesis progressed in the following sequence. (1) At the onset, the fiber failed to develop the normal number of interdigitations. (2) Portions of the cell, primarily the region between the interdigitations, became granulated. (3) Adjacent to the granulated segment, lacunae formed. (4) As granulation progressed, the fiber swelled. (5) Fewer interdigitations remained which allowed the lacunae to elongate and form intercellular clefts. (6) The parallel orientation of the fiber remnants was lost and replaced by amorphous material and large cavities. At the end of the 20-day nursing period, lens fibers in the anterior superficial cortex had completed all these changes while those in the posterior supranuclear cortex exhibited only the first. The progression of fiber cataractogenesis was correlated to the lenticular galactitol, galactose, glucose and inositol concentrations and cortical vacuolation was monitored with the slit-lamp.
Statistical modeling of rough surface scattering for ground-penetrating radar applications

Rough surface clutter is a significant source of interference in non-specular ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications that needs to be suppressed to maintain high performance in the signal processing. Our research is in the directions of (1) development and testing of flexible parametric models for the statistical distribution of clutter that rely on the theories of alpha-stable random processes, (2) establishment of bounds on the performance of signal processing algorithms, and (3) design and analysis of robust, non-Gaussian signal processing algorithms based on the statistical clutter models. Synthetic data simulated with FDTD techniques are extensively used.
Absence of overshoot in a dichotic masking condition

Brief tonal signals presented soon after the onset of a masking noise are known to be less detectable than signals delayed by several hundred milliseconds. This difference in detectability is known as the ‘‘overshoot.’’ Signals of two sorts were studied here—either interaurally in phase (So) or interaurally out of phase by 180°(Sπ). When So signals of 750 Hz and about 14 ms in duration were presented 4 ms after the onset of a diotic, broadband masking noise (No), detectability was about 6 dB worse than when the signal was presented 325 ms after onset. By contrast, there was no such overshoot when Sπ signals were presented at varying times after masker onset; detectability was about the same for all values of signal delay. Accordingly, the difference in performance between NoSo and NoSπ—the masking‐level difference or MLD— was large (about 16 dB) with the shortest delays used and diminished (to about 9 dB) as the delay was increased. This absence of overshoot with the Sπ signals is in accord with the well‐established view that detectability in the dichotic masking conditions is based upon different stimulus information from that used in the diotic masking conditions. Specifically, the evidence confirms the common view that detectability in the diotic conditions is based more or less directly on neural firing rate, whereas, in the dichotic conditions, it is based upon interaural time differences encoded in the periodicity of neural firings.
Anisotropic superexchange and spin-resonance linewidth in diluted magnetic semiconductors.

The Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) anisotropic superexchange constant and the resulting electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) linewidth in Mn-based II-VI-compound diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) such as ${\mathrm{Cd}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{\mathrm{x}}$Te are calculated quantitatively. An Anderson Hamiltonian, developed in a previous study of isotropic superexchange, describing correlated Mn 3d states hybridized with semiconducting s- and p-derived levels, is generalized to include the anion spin-orbit coupling responsible for anisotropic superexchange. DM exchange is shown to be the dominant anisotropic interaction, with magnitude \ensuremath{\sim}5% of isotropic superexchange. The EPR line shape is calculated with use of a moment expansion of the magnetic response function to first order in inverse temperature together with a maximum-entropy ansatz. The calculated infinite-temperature linewidths are in good agreement with extrapolated experimental values. A novel fit of the theoretical temperature dependence to existing experimental linewidth data provides the first empirical value for the anisotropic exchange constant, in excellent agreement with the theoretical value. Calculated chemical trends for the exchange constants yield the experimentally expected linewidth trends.
Trichinella spiralis: The worm that would be virus

Trichinella spiralis is one of the world's largest intracellular parasites. Unlike most such organisms, it does not kill the host cell, but induces modifications in cell structure that enhance its own survival. In this article, Dickson Despommier describes the ways in which the parasite uses the cell for its own benefit, and discusses the extent to which this behaviour has contributed to the parasite's success.
Correlations of electrocardiography and echocardiography in determination of left ventricular wall thickness: Study of apparently normal subjects.

To examine the usefulness of the surface electrocardiogram in predicting left ventricular wall thickness as determined with echocardiography, standard echocardiograms, electrocardiograms and Frank lead vectorcardiograms were obtained in 30 volunteers. End-diastolic thickness of the interventricular septum and free posterior wall was measured from the echocardiogram and compared with the sum of the S wave in lead V 1 plus the R wave in lead V 6 (V S 1 +R 6 ) and the magnitude of the Frank lead vector (V f ), a scalar function obtained from a simple analog device. The maximum of V f , the summated vector (V f ), was highly correlated with V S 1 +R 6 ( r = 0.84). There was significant correlation between the summated vector and V S 1 +R 6 and the thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) ( r = 0.73 and 0.66, respectively). The best least mean square fit for the population was V f = 1.7 IVS - 0.39. There was no significant correlation between these variables and the end-diastolic thickness of the posterior wall. Volunteers who were athletically inclined or were joggers tended to have larger summated vector values and evidence of symmetric or asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy in the echocardiogram. It therefore appears that the thickness of the interventricular septum has a greater influence on the summated vector and V S 1 +R 6 than the echocardiographically assessed thickness of the free posterior wall of the left ventricle. The implications of these findings in the light of recent reports about the incidence of echocardiographically diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy are discussed.
Density-dependent expression of FGF-2 in response to oxidative stress in RPE cells in vitro.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of culture density on the steady state mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) when retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are subjected to oxidative stress in vitro. Methods. Subconfluent and confluent cultures of the established RPE cell line ARPE-19, were treated with increasing concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) . Cell viability was measured using the WST-1 assay, and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production was quantified by dichlorofluoroscein (DCF) fluorescence. Steady state changes in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and FGF-2 mRNAs were measured by Northern blot analysis. Results. Confluent cultures of ARPE-19 cells were less susceptible than subconfluent cultures to the toxic effects of the chemical oxidants. The intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate production was higher in subconfluent than confluent cultres with increasing tBH concentration. At nontoxic concent...
Unsatisfactory Treatment of Acquired Nystagmus With Retrobulbar Injection of Botulinum Toxin

Purpose We quantified the effects of botulinum toxin injected into the retrobulbar space of patients with acquired nystagmus with prominent vertical or torsional components. Methods We measured binocular eye rotations in three planes before and after injection of botulinum toxin (10, 12.5, or 25 units) into the retrobulbar space of one eye of each of three patients, ages 28 to 37 years, with acquired pendular nystagmus. Results Retrobulbar injection of botulinum toxin abolished or reduced all components of the nystagmus in the treated eye in all three patients for about two to three months. The patient who received 25 units developed complete external ophthalmoplegia and blepharoptosis. The other two patients retained some voluntary movements but developed diplopia. In one patient, visual acuity improved from Jaeger 5 to Jaeger 1. In a second patient, filamentary keratitis developed, and visual acuity declined from Jaeger 2 to Jaeger 7; keratitis was a recurrent problem one year after the botulinum toxin injection. In the third patient with predominantly torsional nystagmus, visual acuity was unchanged at Jaeger 2. No patient was pleased with the results, because of blepharoptosis, diplopia, or discomfort (from keratitis), and none elected to repeat the procedure. Conclusions The side effects of botulinum toxin administered by retrobulbar injection limit its therapeutic value in the treatment of acquired nystagmus. Even smaller doses that do not abolish nystagmus may produce troublesome diplopia.
Nuclear actin: an apparent association with condensed chromatin.

In Amoeba proteus the concentration of actin is the same in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Certain characteristics, e.g., the ready loss of actin from isolated nuclei, suggest that the association with nuclei is normally not a tight one. Here we report, however, that when nuclei are isolated several hours after mitotic amebas are placed in actinomycin D (which allows normal progression of mitosis), the nuclei retain substantial amounts of actin. Since this finding correlates with other observations that the chromatin of such cells is extensively condensed, we suggest that a relationship may exist between actin and chromatin condensation.
Airline Aircraft Electric-Equipment Maintenance

“ANNOUNCING the departure of trip 23, Nashville-Memphis-Phoenix-Los Angeles, leaving at gate 6, all aboard, please.” In a matter of minutes after this announcement an airliner departs on schedule to carry some 5,000 pounds of passengers and cargo over rivers, mountains, and cities and to deposit them safely at the destination. Another routine flight has been made possible by the combined efforts of a small army of airline employees.
Monoclonal antibody analysis of blood T‐cell subsets in myasthenia gravis

Analysis of peripheral blood T -cell subsets and B-cells in patients with myasthenia gravis was performed using monoclonal antibodies and antibody against surface immunoglobulins (SIg) in an immunofluorescent technique. We found a modest but significant decrease in percentages of OKT3- and OKT8-positive cells (thought to represent total T-cells and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells, respectively) in myasthenics as a group. The percentage of OKT3-positive cells was significantly decrease in patients with late-onset disease (greater than 35 years old), while the percentage of OKT8-positive cells was significantly reduced in those with early-onset myasthenia (greater than 35 years old). Both thymectomized and nonthymectomized patients exhibited a decreased percentage of OKT3-positive cells. No significant difference was found between the percentages of SIg-positive cells in myasthenics and controls. Our results suggest that only modest imbalances of circulating immunoregulatory lymphocytes occur in myasthenia gravis; however, it is conceivable that the small differences observed in this study may reflect pathogenetically important reductions in a functionally distinct lymphocyte subpopulation.
GUIDELINE-BASED STATIN ALLOCATION TO DISTINGUISH BOTH CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN THE COMMUNITY: A COMPARISON OF THE 2004 NCEP ATP III AND 2013 ACC/AHA CHOLESTEROL TREATMENT GUIDELINE

The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines for management of blood cholesterol (ACC/AHA) have substantially increased the number of asymptomatic adults who are eligible for primary preventive statin therapy. We sought to determine whether these new guidelines significantly improve the identification of individuals
Capillary electrophoretic analysis of salicin in Salix spp.

Salicin is a phenolic glycoside in willow bark which exhibits analgesic effects. Its occurrence in willow (Salix) species is the major reason willow bark and its extracts are popular products in the nutritional supplement market. Previously, HPLC has been the standard method of analysis of quantifying salicin in Salix. We describe a new method of analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) that is faster, relatively simple and highly reproducible. Two different species of willow, Salix alba and Salix scouleriana, are analyzed for salicin by CE, using 20 mM glycine (pH 8.8), in uncoated capillaries at 25 kV and 25°C, and UV detection at 215 nm.
Maladaptive and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with Down Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Implications for Screening.

Researchers and clinicians are recognizing that a subgroup of children with Down syndrome (DS) also present with clinically significant impairments in social-communication and restricted patterns of behavior, such as those that characterize autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Efforts to better describe the behavioral presentation of children with co-occurring DS and ASD could be useful in developing screening and assessment procedures, which could, in turn, facilitate prompt access to appropriate intervention and supports. This study examines the specificity of various forms of maladaptive behavior (e.g., disruptive, repetitive, etc.) in children with co-occurring DS and ASD (n = 22), relative to children with DS (without ASD; n = 54) and those with a nonspecific developmental disorder (DD; n = 34). Parent report of child behavior was obtained on 110 children, ages 3–11 years (mean age = 73 months), who had completed a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation for autism. Two experienced clinical psychologists rev...
Models, Their Application, and Scientific Anticipation: Ludwig Boltzmann’s Work as Tacit Knowing

Ludwig Boltzmann’s work in theoretical physics exhibits an approach to the construction of theory that he transmitted to the succeeding generation by example. It involved the construction of clear models, allowed more than one, and was not based solely on the existing facts, with the intent of examining and criticizing the assumptions that made each model work. This tacit program influenced physicists like Ehrenfest and Einstein and the philosopher Wittgenstein, suggesting ways that they used to make further advances.
The surgical care improvement project and prevention of post-operative infection, including surgical site infection.

Abstract Background: In response to inconsistent compliance with infection prevention measures, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services collaborated with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the Surgical Infection Prevention (SIP) project, introduced in 2002. Methods: Quality improvement measures were developed to standardize processes to increase compliance. In 2006, the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) developed out of the SIP project and its process measures. These initiatives, published in the Specifications Manual for National Inpatient Quality Measures, outline process and outcome measures. This continually evolving manual is intended to provide standard quality measures to unify documentation and track standards of care. Results: Seven of the SCIP initiatives apply to the peri-operative period: Prophylactic antibiotics should be received within 1 h prior to surgical incision (1), be selected for activity against the most probable antimicrobial contaminants (2), and be...
Students' beliefs about conceptual knowledge in introductory physics

This paper describes a distinction between two ways in which students may see the role of conceptual knowledge in introductory physics. Concepts is a belief that conceptual knowledge constitutes the core of physics understanding; Apparent Concepts is a belief that the associations between conceptual knowledge and physics are apparent but not essential. Excerpts from interviews of two subjects illustrate this distinction in a range of interviewing activities and show its relevance for understanding students' work in an introductory physics course.
MRI, CT scan, and dynamic radiographs for coccydynia: comment on the article "role for magnetic resonance imaging in coccydynia with sacrococcygeal dislocation", by Trouvin et al., Joint Bone Spine 2013;80:214-16.

Joint Bone Spine - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since jeudi 23 janvier 2014
A Rare Finding of Schwannoma of the Vidian Canal: A Case Report

Background Schwannomas of the vidian canal are an extremely rare type of intracranial tumor that can have variable clinical presentations including headache, facial pain, facial muscle paralysis, decreased lacrimation, or nasal dryness. We present an atypical case of an incidentally identified asymptomatic vidian canal schwannoma. Case Description A 49-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis presented for routine surveillance magnetic resonance imaging that detected an ovoid mass originating in the vidian canal. Given the unusual location of the lesion, an endoscopic endonasal biopsy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of a vidian canal schwannoma, for which the patient chose to receive fractionated radiation therapy. Conclusion When a vidian canal tumor is identified, endoscopic endonasal biopsy can be used to confirm the diagnosis before pursuing either surgical or radiotherapy treatment. In particular, fractionated radiation therapy offers a radiobiologically safe means of delivering radiation when there is concern for late radiation-related side effects following treatment completion.
Model reduction of large-scale systems by least squares

Abstract In this paper we introduce an approximation method for model reduction of large-scale dynamical systems. This is a projection which combines aspects of the SVD and Krylov based reduction methods. This projection can be efficiently computed using tools from numerical analysis, namely the rational Krylov method for the Krylov side of the projection and a low-rank Smith type iteration to solve a Lyapunov equation for the SVD side of the projection. For discrete time systems, the proposed approach is based on the least squares fit of the (r + 1)th column of a Hankel matrix to the preceding r columns, where r is the order of the reduced system. The reduced system is asymptotically stable, matches the first r Markov parameters of the full order model and minimizes a weighted H 2 error. The method is also generalized for moment matching at arbitrary interpolation points. Application to continuous time systems is achieved via the bilinear transformation. Numerical examples prove the effectiveness of the approach. The proposed method is significant because it combines guaranteed stability and moment matching, together with an optimization criterion.
Design and statistical issues in multicenter trials of severe head injury.

AbstractMulticenter clinical trials are the most powerful agent to evaluate new therapies in medicine, but have failed to impact traumatic brain injury, in which at least 20 such trials have been performed, without a positive result. Such trials need to be carefully planned, with a run-in period to ensure center compliance. Stratification, careful monitoring, adequate sample size, interim analysis and adequate numbers of patients per center are all vital requirements for a useful outcome in such trials. [Neurol Res 2001; 23: 190-192]
Increased autophagy accelerates colchicine-induced muscle toxicity

Colchicine treatment is associated with an autophagic vacuolar myopathy in human patients. The presumed mechanism of colchicine-induced myotoxicity is the destabilization of the microtubule system that leads to impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. Using the MTOR inhibitor rapamycin we augmented colchicine’s myotoxic effect by increasing the autophagic flux; this resulted in an acute myopathy with muscle necrosis. In contrast to myonecrosis induced by cardiotoxin, myonecrosis induced by a combination of rapamycin and colchicine was associated with accumulation of autophagic substrates such as LC3-II and SQSTM1; as a result, autophagic vacuoles accumulated in the center of myofibers, where LC3-positive autophagosomes failed to colocalize with the lysosomal protein marker LAMP2. A similar pattern of central LC3 accumulation and myonecrosis is seen in human patients with colchicine myopathy, many of whom have been treated with statins (HMGCR/HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) in addition to colchicine. In mice, cotreatment with colchicine and simvastatin also led to muscle necrosis and LC3 accumulation, suggesting that, like rapamycin, simvastatin activates autophagy. Consistent with this, treatment of mice with four different statin medications enhanced autophagic flux in skeletal muscle in vivo. Polypharmacy is a known risk factor for toxic myopathies; our data suggest that some medication combinations may simultaneously activate upstream autophagy signaling pathways while inhibiting the degradation of these newly synthesized autophagosomes, resulting in myotoxicity.
Effect of a bradykinin receptor antagonist, HOE 140, against bradykinin- and vagal stimulation-induced airway responses in the guinea-pig

We have investigated the effect of inhaled HOE 140, a novel bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, against bradykinin- and vagal stimulation-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in anesthetized guinea-pigs. Lung resistance was measured for 6 min after challenge, followed by measurement of extravasation of Evans blue dye into airway tissues, used as an index of airway microvascular leakage. Bradykinin was given by inhalation (1 mM, 45 breaths) and bilateral vagus nerves were stimulated electrically during a 5-min period (3 and 10 Hz, 5 V, pulse width of 5 ms), both of which caused a significant increase in lung resistance and leakage of dye in the airway. HOE 140 (20 and 200 microM, 60 breaths) completely abolished both the airway effects induced by bradykinin, whereas even the higher dose of HOE 140 had no effect against those induced by electrical vagal stimulation. In conclusion, airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled bradykinin are mediated by activation of bradykinin B2 receptors in the guinea-pig. In contrast, mechanisms via bradykinin B2 receptors do not play an important role in the acute airway responses induced by vagal stimulation.
Geriatric Case Reports: Issues of Justice and Proportionality

The practice of medicine has become increasingly focused on the care of the elderly due to demographic changes and an increase in human longevity. A number of diseases, most particularly dementia and vasculopathy, are much more common in geriatric patients. Ethical dilemmas related to justice (right patient/right care) and proportionality (benefit/burden analysis) are typical in this population. Two cases from clinical practice are utilized to demonstrate these ethical problems in real-world narratives and provide reasonable moral guidance rooted in the Catholic tradition. The author recognizes that there may be different clinical assessments based on practitioner experience and the medical literature, but asserts that the ethical principles derived are solidly defensible and universal.
The contribution of authigenic feldspars to the geochemical balance of alkali metals

Abstract About 5 per cent of all feldspars in sediments are authigenic. This amounts to 0·94 per cent of the total sedimentary mass. At least 2.1 × 1018 kg Na and 3.4 × 1018kg K have been removed from sea water by reconstitution of authigenic feldspars in the total mass of surviving sediments. Consequently, 9.3 × 1019 moles CO2 have been released by the formation of authigenic albite and 8.8 × 1019 moles CO2 by the formation of authigenic K-feldspar.
Low-energy electron-molecule scattering: Application of coupled-channel theory to e-CO/sub 2/ collisions. [0. 07 to 10. 0 eV]

A theoretical coupled-channels investigation of $e$-C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ scattering is reported for incident electron energies from 0.07 to 10.0 eV. The fixed-nuclei approximation is made with the molecule in the ground $X^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{g}}^{+}$ state and the nuclei frozen at their equilibrium positions. The $e$-C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interaction potential consists of an ab initio electrostatic Hartree potential, an approximate local exchange potential, and a semiempirical polarization potential. The coupled-channel equations are formulated in a body-fixed reference frame using single-center coordinates and are solved by means of an integral-equations algorithm. Convergence of the highly anisotropic interaction potential and of the expansion of the scattering function are discussed. The asymptotic decoupling approximation and the Born approximation are also studied and found to be unsatisfactory methods for computing quantitatively accurate cross sections for low-energy $e$-C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ collisions. Converged coupled-channel total integrated, momentum-transfer and differential cross sections are presented, and the former are compared with experimental results, with special attention given to low scattering energies (\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.1 eV).
Optimal Techniques for Late Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI: Comparison of Delay Time, Slice Thickness, and Multiplanar Reconstruction vs Maximum Intensity Projection for Assessment of Fibrosis in Atrial Fibrillation

Background Left atrial (LA) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has varying protocols, which may limit interstudy comparisons. This study evaluates whether changes in image acquisition and reconstruction parameters affect quantification of LA LGE MRI. Methods A total of 200 LGE MRI scans were prepared using various techniques from 5 subjects. 3D respiratory and ECG-gated LGE images were acquired at 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after contrast. Multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) and maximum intensity projections (MIP) were created from 3D data at various slice thicknesses. LA LGE was quantified with image intensity ratio (IIR, atrial wall signal intensity divided by blood pool). Mean IIR was calculated for the entire LA as a metric of LGE burden. Additionally, in 42 consecutive preablation patients, local IIR values from 3.5-mm MPR and MIP reconstructions were separately registered to LA electroanatomic voltage maps (EAM) obtained prior to ablation procedure. Results Multitime point LGE-MRI showed a rise in baseline mean IIR of 0.5% ± 0.1% per minute ( P P P P Conclusions Variations in timing of acquisition, image reconstruction methods, and slice thickness result in changes in LA LGE quantity.
Cu–YSZ cermet solid oxide fuel cell anode prepared by high-temperature sintering

Abstract Porous YSZ–Cu alloy cermet structures are prepared by sintering above the metal melting point in reducing atmosphere. Unexpectedly good wetting of the molten metal within the YSZ network is obtained, resulting in cermets with fine structure and excellent electronic conductivity. Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells are prepared with YSZ–Cu alloy cermet as the anode. Addition of infiltrated ceria catalyst improved the initial performance. Maximum power density of about 275 mA cm −2 and operation for about 110 h was achieved in the 700–800 °C range. After operation, AC impedance revealed that the high-frequency impedance was unchanged, whereas the low-frequency impedance increased. It was concluded that the Cu alloy network conductivity remains high, but catalyst stability needs improvement.
Quadrupole Antishielding Factors of Ions

Values of the quadrupole antishielding factor ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ have been obtained for the following ions: ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Am}}^{2+}$, using the method of direct solution of the inhomogeneous Schr\"odinger equation for the perturbed wave functions. The wave functions ${{v}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}} (nd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s)$ and the resulting terms ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}(nd\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s)$ have been calculated for the case of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}3d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$, ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}4d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$, and ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}5d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s$. We have also obtained the hexadecapole antishielding factor ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ for the ${\mathrm{In}}^{3+}$ ion. Values of the lattice sums for $\frac{{\ensuremath{\partial}}^{4}V}{\ensuremath{\partial}{z}^{4}}$ pertaining to the nuclear hexadecapole interaction ($V=\mathrm{crystal}\mathrm{potential}$) have been determined for the following types of cubic lattice: simple cubic, NaCl structure, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic.
A Scaffold-Free Multicellular Three-Dimensional In Vitro Model of Osteogenesis

In vitro models of osteogenesis are essential for investigating bone biology and the effects of pharmaceutical, chemical, and physical cues on bone formation. Osteogenesis takes place in a complex three-dimensional (3D) environment with cells from both mesenchymal and hematopoietic origins. Existing in vitro models of osteogenesis include two-dimensional (2D) single type cell monolayers and 3D cultures. However, an in vitro scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis is missing. We hypothesized that the self-inductive ossification capacity of bone marrow tissue can be harnessed in vitro and employed as a scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis. Therefore, rat bone marrow tissue was cultured for 28 days in three settings: 2D monolayer, 3D homogenized pellet, and 3D organotypic explant. The ossification potential of marrow in each condition was quantified by micro-computed tomography. The 3D organotypic marrow explant culture resulted in the greatest level of ossification with plate-like bone formations (up to 5 mm in diameter and 0.24 mm in thickness). To evaluate the mimicry of the organotypic marrow explants to newly forming native bone tissue, detailed compositional and morphological analyses were performed, including characterization of the ossified matrix by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, Raman microspectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electron microscopy, and micromechanical tests. The results indicated that the 3D organotypic marrow explant culture model mimics newly forming native bone tissue in terms of the characteristics studied. Therefore, this platform holds significant potential to be used as a model of osteogenesis, offering an alternative to in vitro monolayer cultures and in vivo animal models.
On the Number of k-Subsets of a Set of n Points in the Plane

Abstract For a configuration S of n points in E 2, H. Edelsbrunner (personal communication) has asked for bounds on the maximum number of subsets of size k cut off by a line. By generalizing to a combinatorial problem, we show that for 2k P 2.