cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of insecticide use programs for managing the striped cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in muskmelon.

A scheduled, weekly spray program was compared with a program that determined the need for treatment based on sampling (threshold) and an untreated control for management of the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), a vector of the pathogen that causes bacterial wilt in muskmelon. Treatments were compared at 2 locations during 2 yr for their effects on prevention of bacterial wilt, melon yield, and net income. Insecticides Were applied in the threshold treatment whenever beetle populations reached or exceeded a threshold of 0.5 beetle per plant before melon fruit appeared, and 1 beetle per plant when fruit set. Yields in the threshold treatment were equal to or better than the schedule treatment at 3 of the 4 study sites. The threshold treatment generated higher net income than the other treatments. In addition to economic considerations, the use of fewer insecticide sprays for striped cucumber beetle management is favorable for protecting natural enemies, insect pollinators, and prolonging the usefulness of a limited number of insecticides registered for use on muskmelon by reducing selection for resistance.
An Actual Application of Collective Choice Theory to the Selection of Trajectories for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 Project

This paper describes the use of decision analysis to facilitate a group decision-making problem in the selection of trajectories for the two spacecraft of the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 Project. This NASA project includes the participation of some eighty scientists, divided by specialization among eleven science teams. A set of thirty-two candidate trajectory pairs was developed by the Project, in collaboration with the science teams. Each science team then ordinally ranked and assigned cardinal utility function values to the trajectory pairs. The scientists used these data and statistics derived from collective choice rules in selecting the preferred trajectory pair.
Somatic integration from an adenoviral hybrid vector into a hot spot in mouse liver results in persistent transgene expression levels in vivo.

We have developed a hybrid vector that combines the high transduction efficiency of a gene-deleted adenoviral vector and the integration machinery of the bacteriophage-derived integrase ΦC31 for stable transduction and limited integration sites. We based our system on a two-vector system in which the transgene expression cassette is circularized from a helper-dependent vector by Flp-mediated recombination, followed by ΦC31-mediated integration. Integration of the transgene expression cassette from the adenoviral vector resulted in 5-fold higher transgene expression levels in the active ΦC31 group compared to the control group, which received a mutated and inactive version of ΦC31. We confirmed transgene integration into the previously described mpsL1 hot spot of integration by polymerase chain reaction analyses of DNA isolated from mouse livers. In addition, we cloned 40 integration sites. The hot spot mpsL1 was detected only once, and 44% of all integration events were found to be present in gene regions. With further optimization, this system represents a new tool for gene therapy protocols that may offer an alternative to gene therapy approaches based on random integrating viral vectors.
Models of Underachievement Among Gifted Preadolescents: The Role of Personal, Family, and School Factors

This study explored individual, family, and school-related factors contributing to underachievement among gifted preadolescents. We explored three simple models of factors contributing to underachievement as well as a complex model provided the best fit for the data, yet each of the three simple models was significant, suggesting the importance of an ecological approach to problems of underachievement among gifted students. Intervention approaches deriving from each model were discussed.
Reducing the immune response to immunotoxin.

Immunotoxins are hybrid proteins composed of peptide cytotoxins covalently linked to target cell-selective peptide ligands such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, growth factors, or cytokines. Immunotoxins have been synthesized that kill cells selectively in tissue culture with great
Power, optimism, and risk‐taking

Five studies investigated the hypotheses that the sense of power increases optimism in perceiving risks and leads to more risky behavior. In Studies 1 and 2, individuals with a higher generalized sense of power and those primed with a high-power mind-set were more optimistic in their perceptions of risk. Study 3 primed the concept of power nonconsciously and found that both power and gain/loss frame had independent effects on risk preferences. In Study 4, those primed with a high-power mind-set were more likely to act in a risk-seeking fashion (i.e., engage in unprotected sex). In Study 5, individuals with a higher sense of power in a face-to-face negotiation took more risks by divulging their interests. The effects of power on risk-taking were mediated by optimistic risk perceptions and not by selfefficacy beliefs. Further, these effects were attenuated when the high-power individual felt a sense of responsibility. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Power fascinates. People spend an inordinate amount of time attending to, thinking about, and discussing the thoughts and behaviors of powerful and prestigious individuals—be they heads of state, CEOs, or prominent members of their local church, club, or community (Chance, 1967; Fiske, 1993; Hall, 1984; Keltner & Robinson, 1997). Though typically viewed as frivolous and the province of gossip and gawking, this interest in powerholders is often important and useful. On a practical level, understanding the minds of those with power helps people appreciate how their leaders make decisions—decisions that impact people’s own lives. The behaviors of the powerful have inordinate pull, in that their actions have greater impact and matter more compared to those without power. On a theoretical level, understanding powerholders’ behavior can also provide a window into human nature more broadly; for only when people possess power do some of their deepest desires and motivations reveal themselves in the light of day. Research on the possession of power has shown that power affects diverse psychological processes, from stereotyping (Fiske, 1993) to styles of dress (Pfeffer, 1992). To help integrate these disparate findings, a recent theory proposed that power influences the relative activation of two broad and fundamental behavioral systems: the behavioral approach and inhibition systems (Keltner, Gruenfeld, & Anderson, 2003). As we discuss below, these two behavioral systems help individuals pursue
A Report on the 40-Year Follow-Up of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking: Alive and Well in the New Millennium:

This article updates information about the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) by reporting on predictive validity data from the most recent data collection point in Torrance’s longitudinal ...
Millennials and globalization

There is much discussion about the way Millennials are shaping organizations in the 21st century. We are cautioned to consider the implications of multiple generations working within the same organization. These discussions, however, tend to leave out the cross-cultural dimensions of intragenerational leadership. Globalization is reshaping leadership not only at the vertical level (multiple generations working in the same organization) but also horizontally (communication and technology reshaping the way Millennials interact with other Millennials across national boundaries). This article offers a framework through which we can develop key questions for curricular development and scholarly research related to intragenerational leadership. This article presents a general definition of leadership, using five components (leaders, followers, goals, context, and cultural norms). This definition is then applied to the concept of globalization as the new context that the Millennials face. The article suggests possible curricular and research questions that may help us gain a deeper understanding of intragenerational leadership.
Textbook of Men’s Health

Textbook of men's health , Textbook of men's health , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Differential regulation of communication by retinoic acid in homologous and heterologous junctions between normal and transformed cells.

The permeability of junctions between cells of the same type (homologous junctions) is greatly increased by retinoic acid (10(-9)-10(-8) M), a probable morphogen, and this responsiveness is shared by a variety of normal and transformed cell types (Mehta, P.P., J.S. Bertram, and W.R. Loewenstein. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1053-1065). Here we report that the heterologous junctions between the normal and transformed cells respond in the opposite direction; their permeability is reduced by retinoic acid (greater than or equal to 10(-9) M) and its benzoic acid derivative tetrahydrotetramethylnaphthalenylpropenylbenzoic acid (greater than or equal to 10(-11) M). The opposite responses of the two classes of junction are shown to be concurrent; in cocultures of normal 10T1/2 cells and their methylcholanthrene-transformed counterparts, the permeability of the heterologous junctions, which is lower than that of the homologous junctions to start with, falls (within 20 h of retinoid application), at the same time that the permeability of the homologous junctions rises in both cell types. Such a counter-regulation requires a minimum of three degrees of cellular differentiation. A model is proposed in which the differentiations reside in a trio of junctional channel protein. The principle of the model may have wide applications in the regulation of intercellular communication at tissue boundaries, including embryonic ones.
Dividend Policy in the Lodging Industry

This article analyzes the factors underlying the dividend policy of lodging firms. In addition, it tests whether the market perceives changes in dividends as information about the value of the firm. In a world that is characterized by informational asymmetries between managers and investors, cash dividend payments may be used to convey information from corporate insiders to the company’s shareholders. For example, dividend initiations and increases may convey management’s confidence that the firm is profitable enough to fund its investment projects and to support the new dividend payment level. An alternative explanation is that dividend initiations and increases may reduce agency costs between managers and shareholders, resulting in an increase in the value of the firm. As a result of cash dividend payments, managers will not invest in negative net-present-value projects. Therefore, the announcement of a dividend initiation or increase should be associated with a stock price increase.
Green Tea Extract Protects Leptin-Deficient, Spontaneously Obese Mice from Hepatic Steatosis and Injury

The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen along with the ongoing obesity epidemic. Green tea extract (GTE) inhibits intestinal lipid absorption and may regulate hepatic lipid accumulation. The objective of this study was to determine whether GTE protects against hepatic lipid accumulation during the development of NAFLD in an obese mouse model. Five-wk-old ob/ob (obese) mice and their lean littermates (8 mice x genotype(-1) x dietary treatment(-1)) were fed GTE at 0, 1, or 2% (wt:wt) for 6 wk. The body weights of obese mice and lean littermates fed diets containing GTE were 23-25% and 11-20% lower (P < 0.05) than their respective controls fed no GTE. Histologic evaluation showed a significant reduction in hepatic steatosis in GTE-fed obese mice only and histologic scores were correlated with hepatic lipid concentration (r = 0.84; P < 0.05), which was reduced dose dependently by GTE. GTE protected against hepatic injury as suggested by 30-41% and 22-33% lower serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, respectively. Hepatic alpha-tocopherol was 36% higher in obese mice than lean mice. GTE tended (P = 0.06) to lower hepatic alpha-tocopherol, which was not fully explained by the GTE-mediated reduction in hepatic lipid. Hepatic ascorbic acid was lower in obese mice than in lean mice (P < 0.05) and was unaltered by GTE. Obese mice had lower serum adiponectin than lean mice and this was not affected by GTE. The results suggest that GTE protects against NAFLD by limiting hepatic lipid accumulation and injury without affecting hepatic antioxidant status and adiponectin-mediated lipid metabolism. Further study is underway to define the events by which GTE protects against obesity-triggered NAFLD.
Repression and Activism among the Arab Spring’s First Movers: Morocco’s (Almost) Revolutionaries

Drawing on both qualitative ethnographic fieldwork and experimental evidence from a survey using Facebook social networks, this paper examines collective action among first movers and their networks during the Arab Spring protests in Morocco. It finds that the regime’s efforts to police, suppress, and arrest political dissidents encouraged participation in or support for new protests. Specifically, the paper makes two arguments. First, it shows that activism is passed down from one generation to the next: the first movers in 2011 often came from families that suffered past human rights violations at the hands of the regime. A family history of repression increases a person’s willingness to engage in risky collective action. Second, it finds that repression during the Arab Spring was also counterproductive; information about the regime’s efforts to brutally police protests increased support for protest among first movers and their social networks. A regime that abuses its citizens’ human rights by jailing and attacking protestors creates incentives for its citizens to oppose it; these abuses can come back to haunt the regime long after repression occurs.Abstract will be provided by author.
Abstract T P339: Plan-Do-Study-Act Model Has Positive Impact on Dysphagia Screening in the Emergency Room

Background: Dysphagia is a serious complication of stroke, which can cause aspiration pneumonia leading to increased length of stay or death. Baptist Medical Center (BMC) is one of five Primary Stroke Center Certified hospitals in the Baptist Health System (BHS). In October 2013 it was noted that BMC dysphagia screen measure results had trended downward to be the lowest in the system. Purpose: The purpose of this abstract is to outline actions taken to address the documentation of the dysphagia screen in the emergency room (ER) at BMC. Methods: An analysis of BMC’s dysphagia screen fall outs revealed four contributing factors for this quality measure including: no screen completed (34%), oral intake prior to the screen (38%), a delay in stroke diagnosis 22%) or incomplete documentation (6%). Initially the dysphagia screen was completed on paper while the rest of the ER documentation was completed in the electronic medical record (EMR). In October a performance improvement effort was implemented using a Pl...
Medical management of neurogenic bladder with oral therapy

This is a review of the most current literature on medical management of the neurogenic bladder (NGB) to treat detrusor overactivity (DO), improve bladder compliance and treat urinary incontinence. The use of antimuscarinics, alpha blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, desmopressin and mirabegron will be discussed along with combination therapy to improve efficacy. These medical therapies will be the focus of this review with surgical therapy and botulinum toxin injections being the subject of other articles in this series.
Effect of Leucogenenol on Antibody Formation in Splenectomized Rats

SummaryThree days after splenectomy rats unable to form normal hemolysin titers to sheep erythrocytes will produce normal titers when they are injected with leucogenenol as well as sheep erythrocytes. Normal rats do not respond with an increase in hemolysin titers when they are injected with leucogenenol as well as sheep erythrocytes. The injection of leucogenenol apparently stimulates cells that are potentially capable of antibody synthesis.
Development and Validation of a Fluorescent Multiplexed Immunoassay for Measurement of Transgenic Proteins in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

In order to provide farmers with better and more customized alternatives to improve yields, combining multiple genetically modified (GM) traits into a single product (called stacked trait crops) is becoming prevalent. Trait protein expression levels are used to characterize new GM products and establish exposure limits, two important components of safety assessment. Developing a multiplexed immunoassay capable of measuring all trait proteins in the same sample allows for higher sample throughput and savings in both time and expense. Fluorescent (bead-based) multiplexed immunoassays (FMI) have gained wide acceptance in mammalian research and in clinical applications. In order to facilitate the measurement of stacked GM traits, we have developed and validated an FMI assay that can measure five different proteins (β-glucuronidase, neomycin phosphotransferase II, Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab2, and CP4 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) present in cotton leaf from a stacked trait product. Expression levels of the...
Medical and Surgical Therapy in Diverticular Disease: A Comparative Study

Abstract The course of 132 patients with documented acute diverticulitis was analyzed: 99 patients treated medically and 33 patients treated surgically were followed for an average of 9.2 years. Seventy-three per cent of the medical group and 79% of the surgical group had no further symptoms or hospital admissions as a result of their diverticular disease once they were recovered from the acute episode. For three-quarters of the patients, therefore, acute diverticulitis occurred as a single episode that responded to either medical or surgical management. Considering the morbidity and cost to the patient, the treatment of the patient recovered from acute diverticulitis should be medical, with operation reserved for complications.
A Right to Disclose. LGBTQ Youth Representation in Data, Science, and Policy.

There has been growing attention to sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in child and adolescent development, public discourse, and research. A strong tension is clear: The right for participation, and thus representation in data, science, and policy, is often understood as conflicting with the right for protection, that is, safety from disclosure of a marginalized orientation or identity. Both participation and protection rights are also closely tied to young people's rights to privacy (or lack thereof). We review recent scholarship on SOGI in developmental sciences in light of this tension. We focus on schooling as a salient developmental context for all youth, a place that is historically unsafe for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth, and a context where researchers have identified gaps of knowledge as well as strategies for improvement. Our review focuses on the politics and processes of SOGI inclusion in education data collection efforts in the United States, an area where SOGI data collection is scarce in comparison to other systems of care, such as health. We suggest that one solution to the dilemma would be that youth have the right to disclose their SOGI information to whom and when they choose. We offer strategies on how to hold these tensions in balance and move toward SOGI-inclusive research and data collection so that LGBTQ youth can be represented in data, science, and policy.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy experience in children.

AbstractExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment for calculi of the upper urinary tract was performed in 15 children between 3 and 17 years old. Success was achieved in 93 per cent of the cases (72 per cent were free of stone and 21 per cent had insignificant fragments). No major complications were encountered in the series.
Detection of Epileptogenic Lesions Using MRI Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) Sequence in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE) (P4.183)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Double Inversion Recovery (DIR) can enhance the detection of epileptogenic lesions in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). BACKGROUND: Patients with DRE are more likely to benefit from epilepsy surgery if structural pathology is discovered on MRI. DIR suppresses signal from both CSF and normal white matter, therefore potentially enhancing detection of cortical lesions otherwise masked by white matter or CSF signal. METHODS: 27 adults with DRE were enrolled in an IRB-approved prospective cohort at the University of Rochester between 10/2013 - 12/2014. Each completed a specialized MRI protocol using a 3T magnet that included: 1) Coronal T2 Fast-Spin Echo (CORT2), 2) T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and 3) DIR sequences. Two neuroradiologists blinded to clinical information reviewed each sequence for T2-hyperintense lesions. Each review was completed in the sequence order listed above. Discordant interpretations were mitigated through consensus. Lesions involving subcortical white matter were considered non-specific and excluded. Cortical lesions identified were later determined to be concordant or discordant with available clinical and electrodiagnostic testing. RESULTS: Of 27 studies, 21 were considered abnormal due to the presence of any lesion. Abnormalities were considered non-specific in 14/21 studies. Of the remaining 7 studies, 4 identified lesions apparent only on DIR. Ictal scalp EEG was available for these 4 subjects, and intraoperative electrocorticography for one. DIR Lesions were considered concordant with clinical data in 1 subject, possibly concordant in 2 subjects, and discordant in 1 subject. Non-specific subcortical lesions were identified only in DIR sequencing in 1 subject. CONCLUSIONS: DIR has the potential to be more sensitive in detecting cortically based lesions than standard CORT2 and FLAIR. More data is needed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of DIR, particularly as it pertains to accurate identification of epileptogenic lesions using electrodiagnostic testing and clinical outcome after surgery. Disclosure: Dr. Wychowski has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hussain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tivarus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Birbeck has received research funding from the US NIH, the Dana Foundation and the AMA Foundation. Dr. Berg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Potchen has nothing to disclose.
Engulfed cadherin fingers are polarized junctional structures between collectively migrating endothelial cells

The development and maintenance of tissues requires collective cell movement, during which neighbouring cells coordinate the polarity of their migration machineries. Here, we ask how polarity signals are transmitted from one cell to another across symmetrical cadherin junctions, during collective migration. We demonstrate that collectively migrating endothelial cells have polarized VE-cadherin-rich membrane protrusions, 'cadherin fingers', which leading cells extend from their rear and follower cells engulf at their front, thereby generating opposite membrane curvatures and asymmetric recruitment of curvature-sensing proteins. In follower cells, engulfment of cadherin fingers occurs along with the formation of a lamellipodia-like zone with low actomyosin contractility, and requires VE-cadherin/catenin complexes and Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization. Lateral accumulation of cadherin fingers in follower cells precedes turning, and increased actomyosin contractility can initiate cadherin finger extension as well as engulfment by a neighbouring cell, to promote follower behaviour. We propose that cadherin fingers serve as guidance cues that direct collective cell migration.
Morphological cladistic analysis of Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915 (Ophiurida: Ophiuridae) from the Southern Ocean

A phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters was done on the Antarctic ophiuroid genus Ophiurolepis Matsumoto, 1915. This genus is one of the more abundant and ecologically dominant ophiuroid genera in the Antarctic and surrounding Southern Ocean. Maximum parsimony was used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Although strongly supported nodes were not recovered for most groupings within Ophiurolepis , this first attempt at a phylogeny revealed the presence of three tentative clades. Two of the three Ophiurolepis clades included species currently assigned to other genera, but closely allied with Ophiurolepis in the taxonomic literature. This indicates that Ophiurolepis as currently defined is not a monophyletic group. Additional forms of data, namely molecular, are needed to more definitively resolve relationships within this group.
Pain Assessment After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common outpatient procedure that is accompanied by significant postoperative pain.Purpose:To determine differences in acute pain levels between patients undergoing ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) versus hamstring tendon (HS) autograft.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:A total of 70 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using either BTB or HS autografts consented to participate. The primary outcome of the study was postoperative pain levels (visual analog scale), which were collected immediately after surgery and for 3 days postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included opioid consumption (intravenous morphine equivalents), hours slept, patient satisfaction, reported breakthrough pain, and calls to the physician.Results:Patients treated with BTB had increased pain when compared with those treated with HS in the acute postoperative period (mean ± SD: day 0, 6.0 ± 1.7 vs 5.2 ± 2.0 [...
Dynamic Stress Distribution in Unidirectionally Undulated Fibrous Composites

Our literature search revealed only a modest amount of research has been devoted to the specific problem of quantifying micromechanical stress distributions in fibrous composites. Most of what is available deal with the simple situation of unidirectionally reinforced composites with straight fibers and subjected to static axial loads; see for example [1–7]. For further references we refer the reader to McCartney’s paper [6] for more recent works and to Nayfeh’s paper [7] for previous literature. Comparatively speaking, less work has been carried out on similar problems involving dynamic loading. Here, however, there exists a reasonable body of research on wave propagation interaction with fibrous composites, the interest of which is mainly concerned with the dispersive characteristics of such classes of materials (see, for example, [8]).
Outcomes of an Early Protocol for Dependent Conditioning in Lower Extremity Microsurgical Free Flaps.

Background Free tissue transfer is integral to traumatic, oncologic, and diabetic lower limb reconstruction. However, limited data exist on postoperative dependent conditioning or “dangling.” We report our experience utilizing an early pathway for fasciocutaneous flap dangles. Methods Lower extremity microsurgical reconstructions from December 2014 to December 2016 were reviewed. Postoperative pathway included tissue oximetry and Doppler monitoring. On postoperative day 2, dangling started at 5 minutes three times daily with monitoring for flap congestion, signal loss, or persistent oximetry drop. Dangles were increased daily by 5 minutes per dangle to 20 minutes three times daily. Results Twenty-six patients underwent lower extremity reconstruction and completed an early dangling protocol with anterolateral thigh ( n = 23, 88.5%) or medial sural artery perforator (MSAP, n = 3, 11.5%) flaps. Average age and body mass index (BMI) were 53.6 years and 28.6, respectively. Infection ( n = 16), trauma ( n = 13), exposed hardware ( n = 12), and malignancy ( n = 3) were common etiologies with most wounds below the knee ( n = 23). Flaps were primarily taken on one perforator ( n = 17) with an end-to-end arterial ( n = 18) and two venous ( n = 16) anastomoses. With an 8.7-month follow-up, partial and complete flap loss rates were each 3.8% ( n = 1). Mean hospital stay was 7.9 days (range: 6–12 days) with 84.6% ( n = 22) of patients on ambulatory care with assistance on discharge. Conclusion Lower extremity microsurgical reconstruction can be performed safely and effectively utilizing a standardized postoperative care and dangling pathway. An early, cautious dangle protocol does not increase complications but affords decreased hospital stays and early flap conditioning. In the absence of complicating factors, such as vascular insufficiency, utilizing a defined protocol in these complex patients allows for enhanced, consistent care.
Case 58: Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells

A 69-year-old woman presented with a history of mild abdominal pain and bloating for 18 months.
Surgical Management of Deep Brain Stimulator Scalp Erosion without Hardware Removal.

Background: Scalp erosion in patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) hardware is an uncommon complication that lacks a clearly defined management strategy. Previous studies have described various therapies including conservative treatment with antibiotics and surgical debridement with or without hardware removal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of a hardware-sparing management strategy for the treatment of scalp erosion. Methods: Five patients with previous DBS implantation presented with scalp erosion and visible hardware exposure at the calvarial burr hole site, and underwent tension-free, vascularized, rotational scalp flap, with preservation of the leads under the pericranium. Two of the procedures were performed after an unsuccessful attempt at primary closure and 3 as a primary procedure. Each patient was followed clinically for at least 14 months postoperatively to evaluate for wound-healing and adverse effects. Results: The median duration from initial DBS hardware implantation to erosion and revision surgery was 12 months (range 1.5-62 months). Three patients were documented to have positive intraoperative cultures in spite of the absence of purulence. At the last follow-up, all patients were noted to have complete wound-healing and no evidence of infection or erosion. Conclusions: DBS scalp erosion can be managed by rotational scalp flap without hardware removal, even in cases where infection is identified.
Chameleonic Obsessive Job Passion: Demystifying the Relationships between Obsessive Job Passion and In-Role and Extra-Role Performance

In seeking to address the theoretical ambiguity regarding how and when obsessive job passion (OJP) leads to work performance, we integrate both self-verification and person–environment (P-E) fit pe...
Daily Marital Tension and Symptom Severity in Older Adults With Diabetes or Osteoarthritis

Background Greater marital quality is associated with better psychological and physical health. The quality of daily marital interactions is likely to be especially important for individuals with chronic illness, but this question has received little attention. Purpose Using data from two diary studies, the current study examined whether individuals with chronic illness would experience more severe symptoms on days with more marital tension due in part to greater negative affect on those days. Methods The samples included individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA, N = 145) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, N = 129) and their spouses. Participants reported on daily marital interaction quality, affect, and symptom severity (patients only) for 22 days (knee OA) or 24 days (T2DM). Separate multilevel models were run for patients and spouses, controlling for the partner's marital tension and negative affect as well as both partners' daily marital enjoyment and positive affect. We examined same-day and across-day associations. Results For individuals with T2DM or knee OA, more severe symptoms on days with more marital tension were due in part to their greater negative affect on those days. Individuals with knee OA who experienced more pain had more negative affect and marital tension the next day. Conclusions Negative marital interactions may exacerbate physical symptoms. Effects of daily marital tension likely accumulate over time and have long-term implications for health.
Facilitating Collaboration and Peer Learning Through Anchored Asynchronous Online Discussions

In this document we examine the collaboration and peer learning processes as articulated by students in essays that they wrote about their experience with using asynchronous online discussions for business statistics courses. The online discussions were implemented to help students succeed and overcome challenges and high failure rates in these courses due to D, F, or W grades. We implemented two forms of online discussions to help students improve their learning through the social interaction and collaboration with their peers. We conducted the study as a qualitative case study. The data from the students’ essays were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods. The findings revealed that anchored asynchronous online discussions can help students overcome difficulties in demanding courses such as statistics. The implications for this study are notable for theory and practice. Anchoring in the online discussion can facilitate collaboration and learning from peers. This research contributes to the field of information systems by employing research that makes a difference.
Classification and reductio-ad-absurdum optimality proofs

Proofs for the optimality of classification in real-world machine learning situations are constructed. The validity of each proof requires reasoning about the probability of certain subsets of feature vectors. It is shown that linear discriminants classify by making the least demanding assumptions on the values of these probabilities. This enables measuring the confidence of classification by linear discriminants. We demonstrate experimentally that when linear discriminants make decisions with high confidence, their performance on real-world data improves significantly, to the point where they beat the best known nonlinear techniques on large portions of the data.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin on Susceptibility to Aortic Dissection and Rupture in Mice.

Importance Fluoroquinolones are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Recent clinical studies indicated an association between fluoroquinolone use and increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD). This alarming association has raised concern, especially in patients with AAD with risk of rupture and in individuals at risk for developing AAD. Objective To examine the effect of ciprofloxacin on AAD development in mice. Design, Setting, and Participants In a mouse model of moderate, sporadic AAD, 4-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice were challenged with a high-fat diet and low-dose angiotensin infusion (1000 ng/min/kg). Control unchallenged mice were fed a normal diet and infused with saline. After randomization, challenged and unchallenged mice received ciprofloxacin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle through daily gavage during angiotensin or saline infusion. Aortic aneurysm and dissection development and aortic destruction were compared between mice. The direct effects of ciprofloxacin on aortic smooth muscle cells were examined in cultured cells. Results No notable aortic destruction was observed in unchallenged mice that received ciprofloxacin alone. Aortic challenge induced moderate aortic destruction with development of AAD in 17 of 38 mice (45%) and severe AAD in 9 (24%) but no rupture or death. However, challenged mice that received ciprofloxacin had severe aortic destruction and a significantly increased incidence of AAD (38 of 48 [79%];P = .001; χ2 = 10.9), severe AAD (32 of 48 [67%];P Conclusions and Relevance Ciprofloxacin increases susceptibility to aortic dissection and rupture in a mouse model of moderate, sporadic AAD. Ciprofloxacin should be used with caution in patients with aortic dilatation, as well as in those at high risk for AAD.
The primate circadian timekeeping system in a hyperdynamic environment.

The effect of hyperdynamic field (12 d at 1.5 G and 35 d at 2.0 G phases, preceded and followed by 1.0 G phases of 15 and 18 days, respectively) on the circadian rhythm in the feeding and drinking of the squirrel monkey was studied. Two lighting regimens were employed: (1) the 24-hr light-dark cycle (LD 12:12) at all G phases and (2) constant light (LL) during the two 1.0 G phases and a 2.0 G phase. In the LD regimen, both feeding and drinking rhythms were entrained with the 24-hr periods at all G levels, but a phase delay occurred in high G environment. In the LL regimen, the rhythm persisted with a free-running period greater than 24 hours and an increase at 2.0 G, compared to the 1.0 G phases. Thus, although the circadian rhythm is functional at high G, some of its components appear to be regulated at different homeostatic levels.
Photobiomodulation for multiple sclerosis in animal models

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States and 2.5 million worldwide. The disease is restricted to the myelinated tissues of the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord; and characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath, axons, and neurons leading to the disruption of the transmission of the nerve impulses from the CNS to the periphery. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the primary animal model for MS. Upon immunization of susceptible species and strains with myelin proteins (i.e., antigens), animals present clinical signs reminiscent of MS, including ascending muscle weakness and paralysis. This chapter summarizes the results our laboratory has obtained using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to treat an EAE mouse model using immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), peptide 35–55 (MOG35–55) showing clinical improvement induced by PBMT with 670 nm LED arrays (5 J/cm2, 0.028 W) administered by suppression and double treatment protocols, compared to sham-treated (restraint stress) animals.
Phase Ib/II study of hydroxychloroquine in combination with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Abstract Objectives Activation of cell survival pathways such as autophagy represents a potential resistance mechanism to chemotherapy in NSCLC. Preclinical studies report that autophagy inhibition suppresses lung tumor development and progression. We report the safety and efficacy for adding autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine, to chemotherapy in a phase Ib/II single-arm study in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Patients and methods We treated patients with untreated metastatic NSCLC with carboplatin, paclitaxel (and bevacizumab if criteria met) and hydroxychloroquine 200 mg BID. Patients continued on hydroxychloroquine (+/− bevacizumab) maintenance after 4–6 cycles of therapy. Results We enrolled 40 patients, 8 on phase Ib and 32 on phase II. Forty-three percent were female; 50% with squamous histology. Median age was 62 years (range, 43–73). Thirteen patients developed ≥grade 3 treatment-related adverse event. Common adverse events (all grades) were neutropenia (35%), neuropathy (32.5%), and anemia (32.5%). The objective response rate (ORR) was 33% in the 30 patients (phase II) evaluable for response. Additionally, 20% of the patients demonstrated stable disease (clinical benefit rate of 53%). The median PFS was 3.3 months (95% CI 2.1–6.8 months). In 9 patients with KRAS positive tumors, ORR was 44% and median PFS was higher than expected at 6.4 months (95% CI 1.8–15.6). Conclusions Addition of hydroxychloroquine is safe and tolerable with a modest improvement in clinical responses compared to prior studies. Autophagy inhibition may overcome chemotherapy resistance in advanced NSCLC and further study in a more molecularly selected population such as KRAS-positive tumors is warranted.
Changing Educational Policies in the United States and India: Perspectives of Teacher Educators.

Educational policy changes are intertwined with teacher education at multiple levels, affecting teacher educators in a variety of ways. Despite the different contexts, teacher educators in the Unit...
Common injuries in resistance training

Many life-threatening medical illnesses are caused by physical inactivity. The rising awareness of this issue has motivated people to incorporate sports into their daily activities. Resistance training (RT) is a popular form of training, and there are an increasing number of people practicing it due to its enormous range of health benefits. The possibility of injuries while practicing RT raises the question of whether RT is safe and worth the health benefits. Most RT injuries are preventable by various corrective actions that can be easily taken. Most RT injuries occur in the shoulder, back, and knee joints. Shoulder injuries can be of the acute or overuse type and are caused by biomechanical and physiological factors that can be addressed and corrected. Back injuries occur mainly in the lumbar area. Injuries vary from traumatic to overuse injuries. Lumbar kinematics and physiological components are the main factors that contribute to injuries, which can be prevented by adjusting the method of training, using proper machines, and using protective equipment. Knee injuries are the least common injuries. They are caused by the biomechanical and physiological changes caused by repeated flexion and extension while bearing weight during RT. Furthermore, anatomical knee joint abnormalities expose the knee injuries. Early detection of these abnormalities, proper training, and good coaching could prevent such injuries.
Formal Caregiver Burden in Nursing Homes: An Integrative Review:

Formal caregivers in nursing homes provide care to vulnerable older adults with chronic conditions. Caregiver burden affects formal caregivers. The purpose of this integrative review was to explore formal caregiver burden among nursing staff in nursing homes. Specific aims were to gain an understanding of the attributes, definitions, measures, and primary outcomes. A systematic search of CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase was completed. The sample included 19 articles, which were published in English between January 1980 and April 2020. Attributes varied; however, perceived stress was frequently identified, consistent with the formal caregiver burden definition. Psychometric measures employed in the studies indicated heterogeneity. Primary outcomes included differences in burden, resident behavior, occupational and personal factors, and resident care. Research is needed to gain an understanding of this recently defined concept. Formal caregiver burden in nursing homes has emerged as a priority for research during the pandemic with new challenges and guidelines.
Dynamic Occlusion of Distal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter after Infusion Port Placement: A New Shunt Malfunction

Shunt failure requiring reintervention remains a common complication of hydrocephalus treatment. Here, we report a novel cause of mechanical shunt obstruction in an adult patient: position-dependent intermittent occlusion via an infusion port catheter. A 51-year-old woman with a grade II oligodendroglioma presented in a delayed fashion following surgery with a pseudomeningocele. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement due to communicating hydrocephalus, resolving her pseudomeningocele. Shortly thereafter, she underwent placement of a subclavian infusion port at an outside institution. Her pseudomeningocele returned. Imaging demonstrated close proximity of her port catheter to the shunt catheter overlying the clavicle. Her shunt was tapped demonstrating a patent ventricular catheter with normal pressure. She underwent shunt exploration after her pseudomeningocele did not respond to valve adjustment. Intraoperative manometry demonstrated head position-dependent distal catheter obstruction. Repeat manometry following distal catheter revision demonstrated normal runoff independent of position. Her pseudomeningocele was resolved on follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of intermittent, position-dependent distal catheter obstruction. Shunted patients with concern for malfunction following subclavian infusion port placement should be evaluated for possible dynamic obstruction of their distal catheter when the two catheters are in close proximity along the clavicle.
Effects of Age on Delayed Facial Palsy After Otologic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives:To report 4 cases of delayed facial palsy (DFP) after pediatric middle ear (ME) surgery and systematically review and analyze the associated literature to evaluate the effects of age on ...
Long Road to Justice: The Illinois Supreme Court, the Illinois Attorney General, and the Parental Notice of Abortion Act of 1995

This article records the decades-long effort of the Illinois General Assembly to enact an enforceable statute requiring the consent of or notice to the parents of minors before they obtain an abortion, notes the initial refusal of the Illinois Supreme Court to promulgate a judicial bypass appeals rule to implement the Illinois Parental Notice of Abortion Act of 1995, sets forth the author’s ultimately successful strategy to persuade the state supreme court to adopt an appeals rule in 2006 and discusses the subsequent federal litigation upholding the constitutionality of the statute and the rule (which were later upheld when challenged on state constitutional grounds). The article includes a detailed critique of the reasons offered by the Illinois Supreme Court’s Administrative Director to explain the court’s unprecedented refusal to issue a judicial bypass appeals rule when the parental notice act was passed by the state legislature.
Local Foods and Food Cooperatives: Ethics, Economics and Competition Issues

Consumer interest in locally produced foods marketed through local food networks has been increasing. Local food networks utilize local supply chains such as direct market sales to consumers through CSAs, farmers markets, farm stands, and other alternative outlets. Our goal is to examine the role of food cooperatives in strengthening the local food networks and distributing locally produced products. We utilize data from a national study which includes case studies with three leading food co-ops and a national survey of the general managers of food co-ops. We focus on analyzing the business strategies and competitive advantages of food co-ops sourcing local foods from local producers and marketing these local foods to consumers. We identify the emerging business practices, ethics principles, and competition issues for food co-ops with respect to sourcing and marketing of local products. Specifically, we provide a literature review on local food systems, examine local food definitions and recent trends for food co-ops, examine the business models and ethics principles for food co-ops, discuss the business strategies in sourcing and marketing of local foods by food co-ops, and examine the frequency and effectiveness of these business strategies to source and promote local foods. We show that when compared to other grocers, food co-ops have competitive advantages in working with local producers and often play a key role in the local producers’ business viability.