cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Size fractionation, reproducibility and provenance of helium isotopes in north-equatorial pacific pelagic clays

Helium isotope compositions were measured in late Quaternary pelagic clays from the North Equatorial Pacific, where terrestrial and extra-terrestrial end member components are identified and quantified in different grain size populations. The results provide important constraints on the nature of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) in sedimentary environments and on their application as constant flux proxies in paleoceanographic studies. Approximately 92‐95% of the extra-terrestrial 3 He ( 3 HeET) is concentrated in particles smaller than 20 mm. Within this grain size group, ! 44% of 3 HeET is concentrated in the 20-10 and 10-2 mm fractions, while more than 50% of the total 3 HeET is found in fine particles smaller than 2 mm. The peak concentration of 3 HeET in the very fine particle size population explains a consistently better reproducibility of 3 HeET in sediments compared to model predictions that is related to the relatively homogenous distribution of clay-size particles in sediments compared to coarser particles, especially in deep-sea sediments and ice cores. The 3 He/ 4 He ratios are highest in the coarser than 20 mm fractions, peaking between 63 and 38 mm (1.7871.13" 10 # 4 ), compared to the bulk and the o20 mm fractions (3.2072.62" 10 # 5 and 2.1170.88" 10 # 5 respectively). The isotopic composition of helium in each of the size fractions reflects a mixture between a pure extraterrestrial end member and a terrigenous component, which is itself comprised of varying mixtures of volcanic material and eolian material associated with the fine grain size fraction of loess deposits in South East Asia. Poor 3 HeET reproducibility observed here and elsewhere, inhibiting its application as a constant flux proxy, stems from the presence of a small number of aliquots displaying significantly higher 3 HeET contents compared to the average of their reference group. These Helium Rich Particles (HRPs), are probably characterized by a o20 mm diameter and carry significant amounts of extraterrestrial 3 He and 4 He. Careful rejection of such aliquots improves the signal reproducibility by more than two fold.
Postoperative nomogram for survival of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma treated with curative intent

Abstract Background Current American Joint Committee on Cancer retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) staging is not representative of patients with RPS specifically and has limited discriminative power. Our objective was to develop a RPS disease-specific nomogram capable of stratifying patients based on probability of overall survival (OS) after resection. Patients and methods In all, 1118 RPS patients were evaluated at our institution (1996–2006). Patients with resectable, nonmetastatic disease were selected (n = 343) and baseline, treatment and outcome variables were retrieved. A nomogram was created and its performance was evaluated by calculating its discrimination (concordance index) and calibration and by subsequent internal validation. Results Median follow-up and OS were 50 and 59 months, respectively. Independent predictors of OS were included in the nomogram: age (≥65), tumor size (≥15 cm), type of presentation (primary versus recurrent), multifocality, completeness of resection and histology. The concordance index was 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.75] and the calibration was excellent, with all observed outcomes within the 95% CI of each predicted survival probability. Conclusions A RPS-specific postoperative nomogram was developed. It improves RPS staging by allowing a more dynamic and robust disease-specific risk stratification. This prognostic tool can help in patient counseling and for selection of high-risk patients that may benefit from adjuvant therapies or inclusion into clinical trials.
Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) optimize foraging efficiency by balancing oxygen use and energy gain as a function of prey density

Terrestrial predators can modulate the energy used for prey capture to maximize efficiency, but diving animals face the conflicting metabolic demands of energy intake and the minimization of oxygen depletion during a breath hold. It is thought that diving predators optimize their foraging success when oxygen use and energy gain act as competing currencies, but this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested because it has been difficult to measure the quality of prey that is targeted by free-ranging animals. We used high-resolution multisensor digital tags attached to foraging blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) with concurrent acoustic prey measurements to quantify foraging performance across depth and prey density gradients. We parameterized two competing physiological models to estimate energy gain and expenditure based on foraging decisions. Our analyses show that at low prey densities, blue whale feeding rates and energy intake were low to minimize oxygen use, but at higher prey densities feeding frequency increased to maximize energy intake. Contrary to previous paradigms, we demonstrate that blue whales are not indiscriminate grazers but instead switch foraging strategies in response to variation in prey density and depth to maximize energetic efficiency.
Coverage of Milgram’s Obedience Experiments in Social Psychology Textbooks Where Have All the Criticisms Gone?

Past studies of the treatment of Milgram’s obedience experiments in social psychology textbooks from the 1960s to the 1990s discovered an evolving “Milgram-friendly” coverage style (dealing with cr...
Oral bisphosphonates: early endosseous dental implant success and crestal bone changes. A retrospective study.

Purpose The purpose of this retrospective chart-review study was to compare the early success rate and the crestal bone changes of dental implants in patients taking oral bisphosphonates at the time of implant placement to those of patients who had never taken bisphosphonates. Materials and methods A retrospective chart review of 100 women (153 implants) taking oral bisphosphonates at the time of implant placement (test group) and 100 women (132 implants) who had never taken bisphosphonates (control group) was performed to examine overall implant success at the time of stage-two surgery. Radiographic images, which were available for 73 patients in each group and were taken at the time of implant placement and at stage-two surgery, were analyzed to assess and compare crestal bone changes around the implants. Results There was no significant difference between groups in the success rates of dental implants at stage-two surgery (test 93.5%, control 95.5%). The change in crestal bone height was statistically significant from the time of placement to stage-two surgery within both groups but was not significantly different between groups (means ± standard deviations: test, 0.66 ± 0.70 mm; control: 0.80 ± 0.65 mm). Conclusions In this study, the use of oral bisphosphonates at the time of implant placement and during healing did not affect early implant success rates or crestal bone changes up to the time of stage-two surgery. In addition, the implant location and the duration of drug therapy at the time of placement were not significant factors in the success rate or bony changes. These conclusions must be viewed in the context of the limitations of the retrospective study design and should be confirmed in longer, more rigorously designed studies.
Developmental regulation of ENaC subunit mRNA levels in rat kidney

To assess the role of distal nephron apical Na channel (ENaC) gene expression in Na wasting by the immature kidney, ENaC alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subunit mRNA levels were examined in the rat by RT-PCR. In microdissected nephron segments, all three ENaC subunit mRNAs were detected in the distal convoluted tubule, connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct. The inner medullary collecting duct and all other nephron segments were consistently negative. The mRNA levels were quantified in kidneys at different developmental stages by multiplex RT-PCR with "primer dropping," with endoplasmic reticulum-specific cyclophilin mRNA as an internal standard. All three ENaC mRNA levels were low or undetectable on gestational day 16 and only slightly higher 3 days before birth. A sharp rise was observed between 3 days before and 1-3 days after birth; the levels at postnatal days 1-3 were already similar to those of adult kidneys. The results suggest that ENaC subunit gene expression is not a limiting factor in the full-term newborn rat kidney, but low levels of expression may limit distal Na absorption in more immature kidneys, such as those of very premature human infants.
On the Symbolism of the White Coat

The white coat ceremony has become an academic ritual in the health professions: a ceremony that signals a transfor- mation of status from ordinary student to that of one studying to become a health professional. While donning the white coat is a sign of a changed role, the white coat is also a powerful symbol of transformation. White is a symbol of purity, and the white coat symbolizes the purity of purpose being affirmed in becoming a health professional. Dentistry is af forded the status of a learned profession as a result of the power dentists possess over patients seeking care; this power is based in sophisticated knowledge. Patients must trust that the dentist's knowledge and skills will be used in their best interest—always to benefit, never to exploit. The white coat symbolizes an affirmation on the part of aspiring dentists that their purpose will be pure and that they can be trusted to honor the tradition of the learned professions in placing the interest of patients above self. Absent an emphasis on the symbolic nature of the white coat ceremony, it can simply become an opportunity to publicly congratulate individuals for their success in gaining entrance to the study of dentistry. By understanding its significance, however, the white coat ceremony can serve as a powerful, meaningful ritual emphasizing the transformation occurring within an individual who is entering the profes- sion of dentistry.
The therapeutic alliance in managed care mental health practice.

The author uses Lazare et al.’s "negotiated approach to patienthood" model to address ethical and clinical problems of establishing a therapeutic alliance in the managed care setting. Lazare et al. identified five potential conflicts between therapist and patient that can threaten the therapeutic alliance: conflict over 1) defining the patient’s problem; 2) goals of treatment; 3) methods of treatment; 4) conditions of treatment; and 5) the relationship. Case examples illustrate clinically and ethically acceptable ways to work with these conflicts within an expeditious, resource-limited practice style. At times, however, the ethical clinician must act as an advocate for the patient and for change of the system itself.
Ion-exclusion chromatography of ammonium ion with enhanced conductivity detection using cation-exchange membrane.

陽イオン交換反応を利用した導電率増大効果を用いる導電率検出イオン排除クロマトグラフィーによるアンモニウムイオンの簡便,迅速な高感度定量法を開発した.本法は,水溶離液を用いて,アンモニウムイオンを水酸化物型陰イオン交換樹脂分離カラムにより,水酸化アンモニウムとしてイオン排除分離後,陽イオン交換膜チューブと水酸化カリウム再生液により,強塩基の水酸化カリウムに変換後,その導電率を検出する方法に基づいている.本法は,分離カラムのみを用いる従来法に比べて約6倍の検出感度の増大,検量線の直線性の改善が得られる方法であり,活性汚泥法を用いる回分式の生物学的硝化-脱窒素処理工程水中のアンモニウムイオンの定量に良好に応用できた.
The Action of Phenol and Formol on Aerobic and Anaerobic Organisms

The action of dilute solutions of phenol and formol was studied on cultures of spore-forming and nonspore-forming organisms. The phenol stock solution was made up by adding 5 cc. of melted crystaline phenol c. p. to 95 cc. of water. The 5% formol solution was made by adding 12.5 cc. of commercial 40% formaldehyde to 87.5 cc. of water. The cultures used were anaerobic spore-forming organisms, Clostridium chauvoei, C1. septicus, C1. botulinum A and B., C1. welchii, CI. novyi, C1. tetani, C1. tertius, C1. multifermentans, and C1. histolyticus. The aerobic spore forming organisms were B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. mycoides and B. megatherium. Nonspore-forming anaerobes were Micrococcus gasogenes and C. fallax. The nonspore-forming aerobes were Escherichia coli, Eberthelia bienstockii, Micrococcus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures of all these organisms were transferred to brain liver medium and in the case of the aerobes to liver broth in addition, the amount of medium in each tube being about 18 cc. After 24 to 48 hours incubation 2 to 3 cc. of 5% phenol or 5% formol were added to the tubes, making dilutions of 0.5 and 0.75%. Subcultures from these tubes were made at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 15 and 24 hours, also of 2, 3 and 4 days and after one to 3 or 4 weeks at room temperature and at 37 C. It was found that phenol in strengths of 0.5% (2 cc. of 5% phenol to 18 cc. culture) did not destroy any of the anaerobes studied during the course of one month either at room temperature or in the incubator. Strengths of 1% had also no affect. Five per cent solutions sterilized some cultures in a few days, others were not affected for ten days. Isolations of C1. chauvoei and C1. welchii were made from fresh muscle kept in 2% and 5% phenol solution for four days and from material kept in 1% phenol for ten days. Tubes containing muscle covered with 15 cc. of 1% and 2% phenol developed gas and cloudiness when incubated for 24 hours.
Major League Baseball 2015, What a Difference a Year Makes

ABSTRACTAn econometric analysis of the 2015 Major League Baseball season is conducted with respect to regular season victories. Results obtained confirm some, but not all, results reported in prior research. The importance of solid team pitching and offense is underscored. Similar to 2014, team defence did not vary sufficiently to play a statistically significant role in team victory differences. Outcomes for total payrolls and salary disparities differ substantially from prior seasons. History may serve as a guide to what occurs on the field, but it does not always replicate the patterns of bygone years. Parameter heterogeneity is substantial and argues against pooling sample data from season to season. From a strict econometric perspective, the results obtained indicate that panel methods should not be utilized to analyse wins data for Major League Baseball. Ultimately, 2015 represents another departure from the standard baseball norm.
P2.176 Assessing Syndromic Management Algorithms For the Diagnosis of Rectal Chlamydia and Gonorrhoeae Among MSM Clinic Attendees from Two Cities in India

Background Studies assessing algorithms for management of ano-rectal discharge (ARD) syndrome among men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce. Performance of ARD management flow charts for the diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) was evaluated. Methods Between 2008 and 2009, four MSM dedicated clinics, located in two Indian cities, enrolled attendees consecutively and provided follow-up visit during four months. Data collected at each visit included behavioural information, clinical data, and rectal swabs tested for NG and CT using Roche Amplicor. Eight ARD algorithms were assessed. Data were used to construct the best performing flowchart. Results The 508 participants made a total of 868 clinic visits including 127 instances of rectal NG and/or CT. Among those instances of NG/CT, only one (0.8%) had ano-rectal complaint(s) and 12 (9.5%) had ano-rectal discharge, observed at clinical examination. And on rectal smear microscopy, 31.5% had pus cells (OR 2.16, p Algorithms using ano-rectal symptom as entry point had poor sensitivity (0.8%). The algorithm using receptive anal sex and/or complaint of ano-rectal discharge as the entry point, and subsequently using proctoscopic and/or rectal smear findings had a sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of 41.7, 66.3 and 17.5, respectively. By adding risk assessment, the algorithm performance values changed to 81.9, 20.1 and 14.9, respectively. Conclusion Effectiveness of flow-charts for syndromic management of ARD is constrained by the asymptomatic nature of rectal NG/CT. Algorithms including receptive anal sex at entry point and applying risk assessment, clinical and rectal smear examination may be useful for management of rectal NG/CT in resource limited settings, until cheaper, reliable and feasible laboratory tests are made available.
61 ROLE OF SMAD AND WNT SIGNALING PATHWAYS IN THE FIBROTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF C3H 10T (1/2) MULTIPOTENT CELLS INDUCED BY MYOSTATIN.

Fibrosis (progressive scarring) is a leading cause of organ failure worldwide. Our results indicate that myostatin (Mst), the only known negative regulator of muscle mass, induces the appearance of myofibroblasts in a multipotent cell line (C3H 10T [1/2]) of mouse origin. In this study we show that Mst induces collagen deposition in this cell line, promoting fibrosis, and that this process is mediated through the Smad and Wnt signaling transduction pathways and some of their downstream components. C3H 10 T (1/2) cells were incubated for 2 days with 5′-azacytidine to induce differentiation and then treated with R-Mst (4 μg/mL) in a time course manner (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 24 hours and 3 days); TGF-β (10 ng/ml) was used as a positive control. Cells were also transfected with pcDNA-Mst and two different Mst-shRNA plasmids to overexpress and to silence Mst expression, respectively. Transcriptional regulation of the Smad and Wnt signaling components and induction of genes involved in collagen synthesis were evaluated by three different pathway focus designed microarrays, which have genes each one related to the TGF-β-BMP, osteogenesis, and Wnt signaling pathway. Results were confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) for PAI-1, TGF-β1, collagen I, III and p-Smad 2/3, 3, 4, and 7. The total RNA from cells treated with R-Mst for 3 Hs and 3 days was analyzed by microarrays and qRT-PCR. In parallel, cells were fixed with 2% p-formaldehyde and analyzed by ICC. The main results of the microarray analysis at 3 hours showed that procollagen type IIα1, IVα6, IXα1,3, Smad 3, TGF-β1, Smad-7, and Fst (follistatin), an inhibitor of Mst activity, and Wntif1 were up-regulated; β-catenin, Wnt 4, ctbp1 were down-regulated, and Smad-1, 2, 5, and 6 did not change. After 3 days of incubation with R-Mst: procollagen type IIα1, IVα6, IXα1, 3, Fst, and Smad 7 were up-regulated and β-catenin, Wnt 4, and ctbp1 were down-regulated, whereas Smad 1, 2, and 5 remained the same and Smad 3 was undetectable. Again, the results for collagen I and III, p-Smad 2/3, 3, 4, and 7 were confirmed by ICC, and, in general, the results from the microarrays were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and RT2 PCR profiler array. In conclusion, Mst induces the expression of PAI-1, TGF-β1, and collagen deposition in C3H 10 T (1/2) cells by signaling through the Smad /Wnt signaling pathway.
Analysis of 1 239 irrational electronic medication orders in pediatric inpatients

Objective To investigate the irrational electronic medication orders in pediatric inpatients and improve safe,effective and economical drug use. Methods Totally 1 239 irrational electronic medication orders were collected. The types of the irrational medication orders,medicines involved and numbers of irrational medication orders in all departments were analyzed. Results The top three irrational medication orders were improper dosage,improper transfusion speed and computer input error. The irrational use of antibiotics accounted for the largest proportion,reached 27. 93%. ICU-1 department had the most cases( n = 92) of irrational medication orders. Compared to medical wards,surgical wards and rehabilitation departments had less irrational medication orders. Conclusion Reviewmedication orders of pharmacists can ensure safety of drug use,and the check system should be performed strictly by pharmacists and clinical staffs to reduce the inappropriate medication.
Nonlinear parameters in the Least-Squares Local Energy Method

The Least-Squares Local Energy Method is used to calculate energies and wavefunctions for the four lowest σ states of HeH++. An alternative scheme for evaluation of the pertinent matrices is shown which, for exponential-power series wavefunctions, greatly reduces the time necessary for the sum-over-points. The numerical behavior of the variance with changes in the nonlinear parameters is shown for this molecule and an iterative procedure for minimization of variance with respect to nonlinear parameters is proposed.
MAGNESIUM CONCENTRATION IN THE TESTS OF THE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFER GLOBOROTALIA TRUNCATULINOIDES

The strontium, magnesium, and calcium contents of the shells of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia truncatulinoides from continental rise sediments were determined by electron microprobe. This species spends the early part of its life cycle in the upper water column where it precipitates the lamellar portion of its shell. It then sinks below the permanent thermocline where it is secondarily calcified with a blocky calcite coating. This change of environments through the organism’s life allows a test of the hypothesis that an individual can change the composition of the carbonate material secreted in response to changes in the temperature of of the water mass in which it lives. All individuals except a juvenile showed decreasing magnesium contents in the outermost portion of their shells, corresponding to decreasing temperature in successively deeper water. The juvenile form showing no secondary calcification was uniform in composition. Because the Mg/Ca ratio in seawater is constant, this differentiation strongly supports the contention that an individual organism, as it precipitates shell material, can regulate its composition in response to environmental changes in temperature. No significant differences in composition were found between left- and right-coiling specimens. The difference between lamellar and blocky calcite was found to be significantly less in a sample from 10 cm below the top of the piston core than those from above or below this level. This difference is produced by a decrease in the magnesium content of the lamellar calcite and may correspond to a surface water temperature 2.5°C lower approximately 1,100 years ago.
The Indian Ocean

The strategic importance of the Indian Ocean has come to be recognised increasingly in recent decades. This recognition has been accompanied by growing militarisation throughout the area which has included naval build-ups both by the littoral states and the great powers.
Proposing the Communicate Bond Belong Theory: Evolutionary Intersections With Episodic Interpersonal Communication

The Communicate Bond Belong (CBB) theory is an evolutionary and motivational explanation of human communication's role in the relational functions of social interaction. CBB theory conceives of all social interactions as energy expending, but posits that only some social interactions are striving behaviors (i.e., actions taken to satiate a need). CBB theory proposes that social interaction operates within a homeostatic system, developed from internal pressures to satiate a need to belong, shaped by competing desires to invest and conserve social energy, and adaptable to new social circumstances and technological affordances. The theory bridges gaps among evolutionary and social psychology theories and interpersonal communication theories by attending to the multifunctional nature of everyday talk in relation to fundamental human needs.
The Theory of Nonmetrizable Manifolds

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the theory of nonmetrizable manifolds. Manifolds have been considered too specialized, and the distinctions between them are too fine and subtle for the techniques of point-set topology to give interesting results about them. These manifolds share many basic properties with the spaces they mimic, making it possible to bring the tools of set theory into play. The structure theory of manifolds provides a fertile ground for the application of set-theoretic concepts and techniques. Manifolds also provide a convenient central category in the study of topological spaces. Manifolds can be locally compact, locally separable, locally connected, locally Lindelof, locally countable chain condition, first countable, locally second countable, locally metrizable, and completely regular. A manifold is a connected space for which there is a positive integer n such that each point has a neighborhood that is homeomorphic to Rn. A manifold is a Moore space if and only if it is submetacompact. Every submetacompact manifold is subparacompact. A manifold is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact.
“We're Not Going to Do That Because It's Not Right”: Using Pedagogical Responsibility to Reframe the Doublespeak of Fidelity

In this essay, Doris Santoro examines the discourse of “fidelity of instruction” to show how it is doublespeak for teacher compliance that is incompatible with democracy and education. Analyzing the distorted use of the term “fidelity” by market-based reformers, Santoro illustrates how it can be used as a weapon against teacher intelligence and moral response. She argues that John Dewey's philosophy provides conceptual resources to reframe some teacher infidelity as intelligent response, the moral agency required for pedagogical responsibility.
Association of Fluid Intelligence and Psychiatric Disorders in a Population-Representative Sample of US Adolescents

Importance Despite long-standing interest in the association of psychiatric disorders with intelligence, few population-based studies of psychiatric disorders have assessed intelligence. Objective To investigate the association of fluid intelligence with past-year and lifetime psychiatric disorders, disorder age at onset, and disorder severity in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants National sample of adolescents ascertained from schools and households from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement, collected 2001 through 2004. Face-to-face household interviews with adolescents and questionnaires from parents were obtained. The data were analyzed from February to December 2016. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and included a broad range of fear, distress, behavior, substance use, and other disorders. Disorder severity was measured with the Sheehan Disability Scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Fluid IQ measured with the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test, normed within the sample by 6-month age groups. Results The sample included 10 073 adolescents (mean [SD] age, 15.2 [1.50] years; 49.0% female) with valid data on fluid intelligence. Lower mean (SE) IQ was observed among adolescents with past-year bipolar disorder (94.2 [1.69]; P = .004), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (96.3 [0.91]; P = .002), oppositional defiant disorder (97.3 [0.66]; P = .007), conduct disorder (97.1 [0.82]; P = .02), substance use disorders (alcohol abuse, 96.5 [0.67]; P P = .02), and specific phobia (97.1 [0.39]; P = .001) after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounders. Intelligence was not associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders other than specific phobia, and was positively associated with past-year major depression (mean [SE], 100 [0.5]; P = .01). Associations of fluid intelligence with lifetime disorders that had remitted were attenuated compared with past-year disorders, with the exception of separation anxiety disorder. Multiple past-year disorders had a larger proportion of adolescents less than 1 SD below the mean IQ range than those without a disorder. Across disorders, higher disorder severity was associated with lower fluid intelligence. For example, among adolescents with specific phobia, those with severe disorder had a mean (SE) of 4.4 (0.72) points lower IQ than those without severe disorder ( P P Conclusions and Relevance Numerous psychiatric disorders were associated with reductions in fluid intelligence; associations were generally small in magnitude. Stronger associations of current than past disorders with intelligence suggest that active symptoms of psychiatric disorders interfere with cognitive functioning. Early identification and treatment of children with mental disorders in school settings is critical to promote academic achievement and long-term success.
Distribution and diversity of enzymes for polysaccharide degradation in fungi

Fungi are important polysaccharide degraders in the environment and for biotechnology. Here, the increasing number of sequenced fungal genomes allowed for systematic identification of genes and proteins involved in polysaccharide degradation in 218 fungi. Globally, 9,003 sequences for glycoside hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases targeting cellulose, xylan, and chitin, were identified. Although abundant in most lineages, the distribution of these enzymes is variable even between organisms from the same genus. However, most fungi are generalists possessing several enzymes for polysaccharide deconstruction. Most identified enzymes were small proteins with simple domain organization or eventually consisted of one catalytic domain associated with a non-catalytic accessory domain. Thus unlike bacteria, fungi's ability to degrade polysaccharides relies on apparent redundancy in functional traits and the high frequency of lytic polysaccharide mono-oxygenases, as well as other physiological adaptation such as hyphal growth. Globally, this study provides a comprehensive framework to further identify enzymes for polysaccharide deconstruction in fungal genomes and will help identify new strains and enzymes with potential for biotechnological application.
Association of aortic perivascular adipose tissue density with aortic calcification in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Background and aims Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds the vascular wall, is associated with CVD risk factors, and may contribute to premature CVD in SLE. We previously found greater volumes of aortic PVAT associated with aortic calcification (AC) in female SLE patients. There is recent evidence that not only volume but adipose density may also be indicative of inflammation. We hypothesized that female SLE patients would have a difference in aPVAT quality associated with AC that is independent of volume. Methods Aorta PVAT quality was evaluated using the average radiodensity (density) of adipose tissue-specific Hounsfield Units (-190 to -30 HU) within each clinical CT scan of CVD-free, age-/race-matched SLE women (n = 143) and healthy controls (HC, n = 143). Results Aorta PVAT density was significantly higher in SLE (mean (SD): (-83.6 (1.9) HU) versus HC (-84.1 (1.8) HU), p =0.03). Increasing aPVAT volume was correlated with denser aPVAT in SLE (ρ, p -value: 0.75, p versus HC (0.335 (0.12), p =0.006) independent of age, circulating inflammatory markers, CVD risk factors and BMI ( p p =0.3). Conclusions Denser aPVAT is associated with aPVAT volume and AC in SLE women. Adjusting for aPVAT volume attenuated the detected association between aPVAT density and AC, which may be indicative of adipose dysfunction.
Factors Affecting Nesting Times in the Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta in Nebraska

Abstract Although general descriptions of nesting in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) are numerous, few studies have quantified the timing of the components of the nesting process, and no previous study has analyzed the factors influencing those times. The present study was conducted on the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Garden County, Nebraska, in June 2012 and 2013 and focused on a single nesting population of female C. picta. We recorded times for the initiation of the nest foray, and the beginning and conclusion of nesting, and calculated search and construction times. Although highly variable, on average females left the marsh at 1709 hrs (n = 130), began nesting at 1745 hrs (n = 141), and finished nesting at 1915 hrs (n = 135). Search time averaged 26 min (n = 79) and nest construction time averaged 97 min (n = 104). We investigated the effects of female body size, air temperature, time of day, nest day, clutch number, substrate type, and reproductive output on these times. Smaller femal...
Abstract NTOC-096: INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER PRIMARY OR INTERVAL DEBULKING SURGERY FOR ADVANCED EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER

PURPOSE : To evaluate the outcomes of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy compared with those of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated either with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) or with primary debulking surgery (PDS). METHODS : Patients diagnosed with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal carcinoma treated at our institutions with PDS or NACT and IDS from 2006-2014 were identified. Covariates were compared using chi-square analyses, t -tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log rank tests and Cox multivariate regression models. RESULTS : Sixty one patients received NACT and underwent IDS with residual disease of ≤ 1 cm; 40 patients (65.6%) received IP chemotherapy and 21 patients (34.4%) were given IV chemotherapy after IDS. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was three (range 3-8), and 34 patients (85.0%) completed the prescribed dose of IP chemotherapy. The median progression free survival was 16.5 months in the IP group and 15.0 months in the IV group ( p = 0.88). The estimated median overall survival was 64.0 months in the IP group and 42.0 months in the IV group ( p = 0.12). During the same study period, 148 patients underwent optimal PDS after which 93 patients (83.6%) received IP chemotherapy and 55 patients (37.2%) were given IV chemotherapy. Patients after IP chemotherapy had improved survival outcomes when compared to patients after IV chemotherapy. The median progression free survival was 29.0 months after IP chemotherapy and 16.0 months after IV chemotherapy ( p p CONCLUSIONS : Although IP chemotherapy after PDS showed improved survival, IP chemotherapy after NACT and IDS, while tolerable with high rates of completion, did not demonstrate a survival advantage over IV chemotherapy in our patients. Citation Format: Jessica Lee MD, John P Curtin MD, Franco M Muggia MD, Bhavana Pothuri MD, Leslie R. Boyd MD, Jing-Yi Chern MD, Melissa K Frey MD, Stephanie V Blank MD. INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER PRIMARY OR INTERVAL DEBULKING SURGERY FOR ADVANCED EPITHELIAL OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr NTOC-096.
CRMP2 is necessary for Neurofibromatosis type 1 related pain.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic diseases, affecting roughly 1 in 3000 individuals. As a multisystem disorder, it affects cognitive development, as well as bone, ner...
The Economic Availability of Woody Biomass Feedstocks in the Northeast

The viability of bioenergy projects and policies depends in part on the economic availability (supplies and prices) of biomass feedstocks. The Northeast USA is poised with significant woody biomass resources, largely available from forest lands and urban wood waste. Further, the Northeast has great potential to augment feedstock supplies with short-rotation woody crops. Based on the results from a national agricultural simulation model, by the year 2030, the Northeast USA could potentially provide between 4.3 and 25.5 million dry Mg year−1 at farmgate prices of $22 and $88 dry Mg−1, respectively. These supplies represent between 9 and 14 % of total woody biomass supplies that might be available in the lower 48 states.
Real-Time Gray-Scale B-Scan Ultrasound Recording of Human Fetal Breathing Movements In Utero

There exists conflict in the obstetric literature as to the existence and significance of fetal respiratory movements in utero in the human. More than 30 years ago it was noted1 that the then-current 8th edition of Williams Obstetrics stated that conclusions concerning the development of fetal respiratory movements had not been accepted and that there was doubt regarding the significance of some of the reported observations. In the current edition, the fourteenth2 of the same text, uncertainty still remains regarding the time of onset of fetal respiratory movements and the ability of these movements to cause tidal flow of amniotic fluid.
A new species of the alpheid shrimp genus Thuylamea Nguyên, 2001 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from Yatsushiro Sea, Kyushu, Japan.

A new species of alpheid shrimp, Thuylamea shiranui , is described and illustrated on the basis of five specimens from Yatsushiro Sea, western Kyushu, Japan. It is closely related to T. camelus Nguyen, 2001, the type species of the heretofore monotypic genus Thuylamea Nguyen, 2001, known from South China, Vietnam and Singapore. The complete lack of submedian posterodorsal crests on the carapace and the relatively long antennular peduncle distinguish the new species from T. camelus . The generic diagnosis of Thuylamea is emended to accommodate the new species.
How Students Reason about Visualizations from Large Professionally Collected Data Sets: A Study of Students Approaching the Threshold of Data Proficiency.

This study identifies a population of students who have an intermediate amount of relevant content knowledge and skill for working with data, and characterizes their approach to interpreting a chal...
Classical simulation of quantum dephasing and depolarizing noise

Dephasing decoherence induced by interaction of one qubit with a quantum bath can be simulated classically by random unitary evolution without the need for a bath and this random unitary evolution is equivalent to the quantum case. For a general dephasing model and a single-qubit system, we explicitly construct the noise functional and completely specify the random unitary evolution. To demonstrate the technique, we applied our results to three paradigmatic models: spin-boson, central spin, and quantum impurity. For multiple qubits, we identify a class of generalized quantum dephasing models that can be simulated classically. Finally we show that depolarizing quantum models can be simulated classically for all dimensionalities of the principal system.
THE INFLUENCE OF AMOEBAE ON THE UPTAKE OF NITROGEN BY PLANTS IN GNOTOBIOTIC SOIL

Gnotobiotic associations of rhizosphere bacteria (Pseudomonas) with and without amoebae (Acanthamoeba) were grown with blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) grass seedlings, in propylene oxide sterilized soil microcosms to test the hypothesis that when amoebae graze on bacteria plant growth and nitrogen content will increase. Glucose (600 μg-C) and N amendments [as (NH4)2SOi4] were added with the microorganism inoculum to provide three initial levels of inorganic soil-nitrogen: low, 45; medium, 95; and high, 245 μg NH+4 — N ·; g-1 soil. Sixty days after seedling germination, soil and plant materials were sampled for levels of N and root and shoot biomass. The soils in microcosms containing amoebae with bacteria mineralized significantly (50–100%) more NH+4-N per gram of soil than those with bacteria alone, at the medium and high N levels. Shoot N concentration was significantly higher at all N levels when amoebae were present. These results indicate a significant role of protozoa at the soil-root interface by accelerating the mineralization of microbially immobilized nutrients.
Principles of Damage Interactions between Radiation and Chemotherapeutic Agents

With the advent of effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of childhood cancer, the use of radiation therapy in various therapeutic strategies is undergoing continual evaluation and evolution. Nonetheless, the pediatric radiation oncologist must have a detailed understanding of the possible interactions between radiation and chemotherapeutic agents for a number of reasons: 1. While concerns related to the late effects of radiation therapy have commanded substantial attention in recent years, the late effects of chemotherapy with or without the addition of radiation should not be neglected in the study of survivors of childhood cancer. 2. The acute reactions, when radiation is combined with chemotherapy, can be predicted by careful damage interaction studies in well-controlled cellular systems in vitro and in vivo. 3. Each of these therapeutic modalities, when used together or sequentially, may significantly alter the response of both tumors and normal tissues (therapeutic ratio).
Packing of Liver Injury with Damage Control Laparotomy

Packing of liver injury is performed during damage control laparotomy for major trauma. This chapter lists the indications, essential steps, common technical variations, and complications of the procedure. A detailed operative note dictation template is included.
Keynote Programs Determined by Mutation-Adequate tests

This talk explores the motivation behind mutation as a “data coverage” idea parallel to the usual control-flow-coverage testing. In this view, to kill arithmetic-expression mutants requires a spread of test data, and that data then “covers” the expression. This idea originated about 1970 in partial-recursive function theory, in a study of execution traces that determine the function a program computes. By extension, the mutation-adequate test set determines the only possible program with those traces.
Adsorption Dynamics and Structure of Polycations on Citrate-Coated Gold Nanoparticles

Despite the widespread application of engineered multilayered polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), their interparticle interaction is not fully understood in part because of a lack of molecular scale observation of the layer-by-layer assembly of the polyelectrolyte coating. While top-down coarse-grained models of polyelectrolyte-coated AuNPs have focused on polyelectrolytes of short length, from 10 to a 100 monomers represented as one charged bead per monomer, here we use molecular dynamics and bottom-up coarse-grained approaches to access more typical polymer lengths on the order of 200 monomers. Specifically, we simulate the adsorption dynamics and structure of one or two such long polycations on negatively charged 4 nm citrate-coated AuNPs within implicit or explicit solvents. The first polycation coats approximately half of the AuNP surface regardless of solvent model and leaves a significant part of the anionic citrate layer exposed to absorption by a second polycation. We find that the...
Comparative Genomics of Nitrogen Cycling Pathways in Bacteria and Archaea

Despite the explosion of metagenomic sequencing data, using -omics data to predict environmental biogeochemistry remains a challenge. One or a few genes (referred to as marker genes) in a metabolic pathway of interest in meta-omic data are typically used to represent the prevalence of a biogeochemical reaction. This approach often fails to demonstrate a consistent relationship between gene abundance and an ecosystem process rate. One reason this may occur is if a marker gene is not a good representative of a complete pathway. Here, we map the presence of 11 nitrogen (N)-cycling pathways in over 6000 complete bacterial and archaeal genomes using the Integrated Microbial Genomes database. Incomplete N-cycling pathways occurred in 39% of surveyed archaeal and bacterial species revealing a weakness in current marker-gene analyses. Furthermore, we found that most organisms have limited ability to utilize inorganic N in multiple oxidation states. This suggests that inter-organism exchange of inorganic N compounds is common, highlighting the importance of both community composition and spatial structure in determining the extent of recycling versus loss in an ecosystem.
Improving Saturation Efficiency with Implicit Relations

Decision diagrams are a well-established data structure for reachability set generation and model checking of high-level models such as Petri nets, due to their versatility and the availability of efficient algorithms for their construction. Using a decision diagram to represent the transition relation of each event of the high-level model, the saturation algorithm can be used to construct a decision diagram representing all states reachable from an initial set of states, via the occurrence of zero or more events. A difficulty arises in practice for models whose state variable bounds are unknown, as the transition relations cannot be constructed before the bounds are known. Previously, on-the-fly approaches have constructed the transition relations along with the reachability set during the saturation procedure. This can affect performance, as the transition relation decision diagrams must be rebuilt, and compute-table entries may need to be discarded, as the size of each state variable increases. In this paper, we introduce a different approach based on an implicit and unchanging representation for the transition relations, thereby avoiding the need to reconstruct the transition relations and discard compute-table entries. We modify the saturation algorithm to use this new representation, and demonstrate its effectiveness with experiments on several benchmark models.
Parallelism-centric what-if and differential analyses

This paper proposes TaskProf2, a parallelism profiler and an adviser for task parallel programs. As a parallelism profiler, TaskProf2 pinpoints regions with serialization bottlenecks, scheduling overheads, and secondary effects of execution. As an adviser, TaskProf2 identifies regions that matter in improving parallelism. To accomplish these objectives, it uses a performance model that captures series-parallel relationships between various dynamic execution fragments of tasks and includes fine-grained measurement of computation in those fragments. Using this performance model, TaskProf2’s what-if analyses identify regions that improve the parallelism of the program while considering tasking overheads. Its differential analyses perform fine-grained differencing of an oracle and the observed performance model to identify static regions experiencing secondary effects. We have used TaskProf2 to identify regions with serialization bottlenecks and secondary effects in many applications.
Using Cross-Model EgoSupervision to Learn Cooperative Basketball Intention

We present a first-person method for cooperative basketball intention prediction: we predict with whom the camera wearer will cooperate in the near future from unlabeled first-person images. This is a challenging task that requires inferring the camera wearer's visual attention, and decoding the social cues of other players. Our key observation is that a first-person view provides strong cues to infer the camera wearer's momentary visual attention, and his/her intentions. We exploit this observation by proposing a new cross-model EgoSupervision learning scheme that allows us to predict with whom the camera wearer will cooperate in the near future, without using manually labeled intention labels. Our cross-model EgoSupervision operates by transforming the outputs of a pretrained pose-estimation network, into pseudo ground truth labels, which are then used as a supervisory signal to train a new network for a cooperative intention task. We evaluate our method, and show that it achieves similar or even better accuracy than the fully supervised methods do.
Physician age and surveillance intensity following curative-intent treatment for breast cancer patients.

6081 Background: Breast carcinoma is a large health care concern for patients, physicians, and society. 2.5 million women have been treated for breast cancer and are candidates for surveillance in ...