cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enceladus: A significant plasma source for Saturn's magnetosphere

[1] The Cassini Plasma Spectrometer has reported dramatic perturbations of the magnetospheric plasma flow in a region extending at least 30 satellite radii away from Saturn's small but active icy satellite Enceladus. We interpret these observations here by means of a steady state model of the electrodynamic coupling between Enceladus and Saturn. Neutral water molecules from Enceladus are ionized, predominantly by charge exchange with ambient ions, to produce a pickup current that accelerates them to the local plasma velocity. The consequent addition of angular momentum requires Birkeland (magnetic field-aligned) currents that couple the newly injected plasma to distant parts of the flux tube and ultimately to Saturn's ionosphere. The rate of local ionization in our model varies with the inverse square of distance from the satellite and is scaled by a free parameter proportional to the ratio of the total mass-loading rate to Saturn's ionospheric Pedersen conductance. To explain the observed velocity perturbations, we require a total mass-loading rate ≳100 kg/s if the conductance is ≳0.1 S as expected. If the mass-loading region is not strongly coupled to Saturn's ionosphere, then the appropriate conductance is the Alfven “wing” conductance ∼2 S, requiring more than an order of magnitude more mass loading. In either case, Enceladus is clearly implicated as a significant, if not dominant, source of Saturn's magnetospheric plasma.
RANK-ONE DECOMPOSITION OF OPERATORS AND CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES

The construction of frames for a Hilbert space H can be equated to the decomposition of the frame operator as a sum of pos- itive operators having rank one. This realization provides a different approach to questions regarding frames with particular properties and motivates our results. We find a necessary and sufficient condition un- der which any positive finite-rank operator B can be expressed as a sum of rank-one operators with norms specified by a sequence of positive numbers {ci}. Equivalently, this result proves the existence of a frame with B as it's frame operator and with vector norms { p ci}. We further prove that, given a non-compact positive operator B on an infinite di- mensional separable real or complex Hilbert space, and given an infinite sequence {ci} of positive real numbers which has infinite sum and which has supremum strictly less than the essential norm of B, there is a se- quence of rank-one positive operators, with norms given by {ci}, which sum to B in the strong operator topology. These results generalize results by Casazza, Kovaycevic, Leon, and Tremain, in which the operator is a scalar multiple of the identity op- erator (or equivalently the frame is a tight frame), and also results by Dykema, Freeman, Kornelson, Larson, Ordower, and Weber in which {ci} is a constant sequence.
Stepped Care for Mandated College Students: A Pilot Study

In the past decade, colleges and universities have seen a large increase in the number of students referred for the violation of alcohol policies. Stepped care assigns individuals to different levels of care according to treatment response, thereby maximizing efficiency. This pilot study implemented stepped care with students mandated to attend an alcohol program at a private northeastern university. High retention rates and participant satisfaction ratings suggest the promise of implementing stepped care with this population. Considerations for future applications of stepped care with mandated students are discussed. (Am J Addict 2007;16:131–137)
Altered metabolic homeostasis is associated with appetite regulation during and following 48-h of severe energy deprivation in adults ☆,☆☆

Abstract Background Military personnel frequently endure intermittent periods of severe energy deficit which can compromise health and performance. Physiologic factors contributing to underconsumption, and the subsequent drive to overeat, are not fully characterized. This study aimed to identify associations between appetite, metabolic homeostasis and endocrine responses during and following severe, short-term energy deprivation. Methods Twenty-three young adults (17 M/6 F, 21 ± 3 years, BMI 25 ± 3 kg/m 2 ) participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. During separate 48-h periods, participants increased habitual energy expenditure by 1647 ± 345 kcal/d (mean ± SD) through prescribed exercise at 40–65% VO 2peak , and consumed provided isovolumetric diets designed to maintain energy balance at the elevated energy expenditure (EB; 36 ± 93 kcal/d energy deficit) or to produce a severe energy deficit (ED; 3681 ± 716 kcal/d energy deficit). Appetite, markers of metabolic homeostasis and endocrine mediators of appetite and substrate availability were periodically measured. Ad libitum energy intake was measured over 36 h following both experimental periods. Results Appetite increased during ED and was greater than during EB despite maintenance of diet volume (P = 0.004). Ad libitum energy intake was 907 kcal/36 h [95% CI: 321, 1493 kcal/36 h, P = 0.004] higher following ED compared to following EB. Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol concentrations were higher (P 2 = 0.23, P = 0.04). In contrast, serum glucose and DHEA-S concentrations were inversely associated with satiety during ED (R 2 = 0.68, P 2 = 0.48, P = 0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that changes in metabolic homeostasis during energy deprivation modulate appetite independent of reductions in diet volume. Following energy deprivation, physiologic signals of adipose and lean tissue loss may drive restoration of energy balance. Clinical trials registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01603550.
Histones in Transit: Cytosolic Histone Complexes and Diacetylation of H4 During Nucleosome Assembly in Human Cells †

The organization and acetylation of nascent histones prior to their stable incorporation into chromatin were examined. Through sedimentation and immunoprecipitation analyses of HeLa cytosolic extracts, two somatic non-nucleosomal histone complexes were detected: one containing nascent H3 and H4, and a second containing H2A (and probably H2B) in association with the nonhistone protein NAP-1. The H3/H4 complex has a sedimentation coefficient of 5−6S, consistent with the presence of one or more escort proteins. H4 in the cytosolic H3/H4 complex is diacetylated, fully in accord with the acetylation state of newly synthesized H4 in chromatin. The diacetylation of nascent human H4 is therefore completed prior to nucleosome assembly. As part of our studies of the nascent H3/H4 complex, the cytoplasmic histone acetyltransferase most likely responsible for acetylating newly synthesized H4 was also investigated. HeLa histone acetyltransferase B (HAT B) acetylates H4 but not H3 in vitro, and maximally diacetylates ...
An Analysis of Physician-Parent Communication in Pediatric Prenatal Interviews

Thirty-three prenatal interviews done in the offices of four practicing pediatricians were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for content by two separate methods. Interviews with the individual pediatricians varied markedly in length and were significantly longer if the father was present. Pediatricians took charge of the interviews by asking more questions than parents and by talking twice as much as parents. A relatively small number of topics (medical care of the infant, infant feeding, business aspects of the pediatrician's practice, and history of the current pregnancy) occupied a majority of the interview time. Although interviews with indi vidual pediatricians tended to include a standard set of topics, any given visit was individualized to address parents' issues. Follow-up interviews with mothers showed that they were highly satisfied with the visits and perceived the doctors as having been warm and friendly. Mothers' highly favorable reactions were achieved in spite of the fact that inter...
Springtime ichthyoplankton of the slope region off the north-eastern United States of America : larval assemblages, relation to hydrography and implications for larval transport

Larval transport in the slope region off north-eastern North America influences recruitment to juvenile habitats for a variety of fishes that inhabit the continental shelf. In this study, collections of larval fishes were made during springtime over the continental slope to provide insights into larval distributions and transport. Ichthyoplankton composition and distribution mirrored the physical complexity of the region. Three larval fish assemblages were defined, each with different water mass distributions. A Gulf Stream assemblage was found predominantly in the Gulf Stream and associated with filaments of discharged Gulf Stream water in the Slope Sea. Larvae of this assemblage originated from oceanic and shelf regions south of Cape Hatteras. Several members of this assemblage utilize habitats in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) as juveniles (Pomatomus saltatrix, Peprilus triacanthus) and other members of the assemblage may share this life cycle (Mugil curema, Sphyraena borealis, Urophycis regia). A Slope Sea assemblage was found in all water masses, and was composed of epi- and mesopelagic fish larvae, as well as larvae of benthic shelf/slope residents. Larvae of one member of this assemblage (U. tenuis) are spawned in the Slope Sea but cross the shelf-slope front and use nearshore habitats for juvenile nurseries. A MAB shelf assemblage was found in MAB shelf water and was composed of larvae that were spawned on the shelf. Some of these species may cross into the Slope Sea before returning to MAB shelf habitats (e.g. Enchelyopus cimbrius, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus). Previous studies have examined the effect of warm-core rings on larval distributions, but this study identifies the importance of smaller-scale features of the MAB shelf/slope front and of filaments associated with Gulf Stream meanders. In combination with these advective processes, the dynamic nature of larval distributions in the Slope Sea appears to be influenced, to varying degrees, by both vertical and horizontal behaviour of larvae and pelagic juveniles themselves.
Polyfunctional Carboxylic Acids as Coprecipitating Agents For Barium, Yttrium, and Copper

The suitability of several polyfunctional carboxylic acids as coprecipitating agents for Ba, Y, and Cu was investigated. Essentially complete precipitation from alcoholic solutions was achieved for all three metals when tartaric acid was employed as the precipitating agent. The amorphous precipitate formed under these conditions was composed of uniform particles about 50 nm in diameter, and was converted readily to high purity Ba2YCu3O7−x.
Basic Ionic Liquids: Facile Solvents for Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation Reactions and Ready Access to Palladium Nanoparticles

A basic ionic liquid was selected to serve as both the solvent and base for Heck, “copper-free” Sonogashira reactions, and for homocoupling reactions of terminal alkynes. The ionic liquids with tertiary aliphatic amines are effective solvents for these reactions. Under reflux conditions, eight equivalent basic ionic liquids and Pd(OAc)2 in THF or acetone produced palladium colloids with diameters of (2.6 ± 0.3) or (3.7 ± 0.5) nm, respectively. Preliminary results for Knoevenagel condensations are also reported.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Service selection : Concordance between Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Center clients' choices and program staff recommendations

Service choices of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (ADDTC) enrollees (N = 822) and ADDTC professional staff are compared. Results suggest that community- dwelling Alzheimer's patients are not high service consumers, and ADDTC staff generally agree with their service choices. Limited discordance noted pertained to recommended decreases in homemaker chore, senior center, meals, transportation, and home health use; and suggested increases in psychiatric service, case management, and adult day care use. Findings confirm the high degree of informal care of the demented and the reluctance or inability of patients and caregivers to use formal services. Results also indicate that as ADDTC-like programs prolifer ate, long-term care costs may remain unchanged because patients and caregivers may already know what formal care they need and want.
Addressing antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infections in an academic family medicine practice.

The objective of this study was to educate health care providers and patients to reduce overall antibiotic prescription rates for patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI). An interdisciplinary quality improvement team used the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control quality improvement process to change patient expectations and provider antibiotic prescribing patterns. Providers received personal and group academic detailing about baseline behaviors, copies of treatment guidelines, and educational materials to use with patients. Get Smart About Antibiotics Week materials educated patients about appropriate antibiotic use. Providers collected demographic and clinical information about a case series of patients with ARTIs and their subsequent provision of antibiotics. In total, 241 patients with ARTIs were accrued. The antibiotic prescribing rate for patients aged 18 years and older was significantly reduced from 69% at baseline to 56% after interventions (95% confidence interval = 49.1...
Norepinephrine Biosynthesis in Relationship to Neural Activation

Adrenergic nerve stimulation, which is associated with increased release and turnover of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, is accompanied by increased synthesis of norepineprhine from tyrosine (for detailed review, see Weiner, 1970). This has been demonstrated in vivo (Gordon et al., 1966 a, b; Dairman et al., 1968) and in vitro (Alousi and Weiner, 1966; Roth, Stjarne and Euler, 1967; Weiner and Rabadjija, 1968). In our laboratories we have used the isolated vas deferens-hypogastric nerve preparation of the guinea pig and have shown that there is approximately a 50 per cent increase in norepinephrine synthesis during intermittent supramaximal nerve stimulation, employing a program of 25 Hz, stimulus duration of 5 msec, for 5 seconds of each minute over a period of one hour. Increased norepinephrine synthesis is demonstrable when tyrosine is used as precursor but does not occur when norepinephrine synthesis from labelled dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is examined (Weiner and Rabadjija, 1968). The level of tyrosine hydroxylase found in homogenates prepared from stimulated preparations is not different from that in sham stimulated organs. The increased synthesis associated with nerve stimulation is at least partially abolished when 6 × 10−6 M norepinephrine is added to the medium (Alousi and Weiner, 1966; Weiner and Rabadjija, 1968).
The Obama Administration's New 'REPAYE' Plan for Student Loan Borrowers: Not Much Help for Law School Graduates

In response to President Obama’s 2014 directive the DOE has proposed a new student loan repayment option, labeled the Repay As You Earn Plan (“REPAYE Plan”). The DOE on July 9, 2015 requested comments on their proposed REPAYE Plan rules, and the Plan will probably be open for enrollment in early 2016 for up to 6 million student loan borrowers who are not eligible for enrollment in the generous Pay As You Earn Plan (“PAYE Plan”) because of their pre-October 1, 2007 federal student loan debts. I estimate that approximately 72,000 of those 6 million persons are law graduates. However, I also estimate that approximately 62% of those 72,000 law graduates have already enrolled in either the Income-Based Repayment Plan (“IBR Plan”) or the Income-Contingent Repayment Plan (“ICR Plan”). Most of those persons among the remaining group of about 27,500 PAYE Plan-ineligible law graduates who have not already enrolled in a loan repayment Plan, if they later do decide to enroll, will enroll in the old IBR Plan rather than the new REPAYE Plan because of the REPAYE Plan’s harsh spousal income inclusion rules.The largest group of REPAYE Plan law graduate enrollees in 2016 will be those old IBR or ICR Plan enrollees who expect to have relatively modest spousal incomes over the coming two decades, and who consequently will in many instances be able to reduce their monthly repayment obligations by switching over to the REPAYE Plan. For the REPAYE Plan to be made more broadly attractive to other law graduates, especially to those more recent law graduates eligible for PAYE Plan enrollment, the required repayment period for law graduates would have to be reduced to 20 years and the spousal income inclusion rules eliminated. Such an amendment to the REPAYE Plan rules could be made by the Department of Education under existing statutory authority and would not require additional Congressional authorization. But this is unlikely because of the politically controversial lost governmental revenue implications, and because of opposition from those persons within the DOE and elsewhere who regard the existing PAYE Plan’s terms as too generous to high-debt graduate school borrowers, and who would not want to see those terms made available to a broader group of law graduate borrowers.
Teaching Against Defensive Moves: A Case Study on the Impact of Teacher Racial Identity on Learning

Mthethwa-Sommers provides a narrative based on a self-case study of an African-born female professor and a white U.S. born male professor co-teaching a course focusing on social-justice in education. The case study highlights disparities in treatment of the two instructors based on the intersection of race, gender, and nationality. It also reveals that being an African-born professor engenders psychological and cognitive dissonance, which usually manifests itself in resistance to both the professor and the course s/he teaches.
Using Trust-Transference As A Persuasion Technique: An Empirical Field Investigation

This study sought to empirically test the effects of using trust-transference as a persuasion technique. The independent variable was the use (or non-use) of a proof-source in the sales presentation. There were three independent variables: (1) closing ratio, (2) average order size, and (3) total sales volume. A significant improvement was obtained in the closing ratio and total sales volume by the experimental group which incorporated the trust-transference persuasion technique.
PASSI: A Parallel, Reliable and Scalable Storage Software Infrastructure for active storage system and I/O environments

Storage systems are a foundational component of computational, experimental, and observational science today. The ever-growing size of computation and simulation results demands huge storage capacity, which challenges the storage scalability and causes data corruption and disk failure to be commonplace in exascale storage environments. Moreover, the increasing complexity of storage hierarchy and passive storage devices make today's storage systems inefficient, which force the adoption of new storage technologies. In this position paper, we propose a Parallel, Reliable and Scalable Storage Software Infrastructure (PASSI) to support the design and prototyping of next-generation active storage environment. The goal is to meet the scaling and resilience need of extreme scale science by ensuring that storage systems are pervasively intelligent, always available, never lose or damage data and energy-efficient.
SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE IN A POPULATION OF PSYCHOTRIA NERVOSA. I. DISTRIBUTION OF GENOTYPES.

Distribution spatiale des alleles a deux loci enzymatiques polymorphiques dans une population naturelle des especes du vegetal P. nervosa de Floride du Sud
Control strategies for the superheat degree of intermediate point temperature in ultra-supercritical power units

The superheat degree of intermediate point temperature has direct effect on the superheating steam temperature and the metal temperature of water wall and superheater of once-through boilers.Main control methods for intermediate-point superheat degree include water-fuel ratio control,enthalpy control,first-stage superheater spray correction,feedwater mild correction.Based on the commissioning of superheat degree control for ultra-supercritical power units in Yuhuan Power Plant,the enthalpy control strategy for supercritical power units in Lanxi Power Plant was compared.The control strategies for intermediate-point superheat degree were analyzed in view of the once-through boilers developed by Mitsubishi and BW.The problems and countermeasures in commissioning were presented such as undisturbed switch,over temperature protection,integral saturation of water-fuel ratio control.Incorporated with application instances,the characteristics of different control strategies were analyzed.
Morbidity and Mortality in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants: A Secondary Analysis of Nine MFMU Network Studies.

Objective To compare the neonatal morbidity and mortality among small-for-gestational-age (SGA; birth weight Methods Data from nine Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network studies were used and included nonanomalous singletons at 24 weeks or more and birth weight Results Among the nine studies 71,744 singletons met the inclusion criteria, with 13% (n = 9,415) SGA and 87% (n = 62,329) AGA. Among SGA, the likelihood of stillbirth (8.8 vs. 2.5 per 1,000 births; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.92–5.42) and neonatal mortality (14.0 vs. 5.5 per 1,000 births; aOR 3.18, 95% CI: 2.55–3.95) was threefold higher compared with AGA. For the subgroup of newborns of EGA of 32 weeks or more, SGA, compared with AGA, had significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aOR 3.32, 95% CI: 2.16–5.12) and neonatal mortality (aOR 2.50; 95% CI: 1.38–4.54). From 35 weeks onward, the risk of stillbirth among SGA is almost four times higher than for AGA. Conclusion The risk of stillbirth and neonatal mortality is significantly higher with SGA than with AGA. Modification in practice or new management schema may be warranted.
Prognostic value of age in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients: A single institution analysis

6080 Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a bimodal age distribution with peaks at 15–25 and 40–50 years of age, though it is unclear if the prognosis differs significantly between the tw...
Targeting Vla-4 Reduces Cell Adhesion Mediated Drug Resistance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Rationale for Anti Vla-4 Therapy.

Abstract The interactions between leukemic cells and the bone marrow microenvironment play a critical role in angiogenesis, disease progression and cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). VLA-4 (CD49d) is one of the most important adhesion receptors involved in these interactions. The binding of VLA-4 to fibronectin was shown to protect CLL B-cell from apoptosis (de la Fuente, 1999). The introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting VLA-4 provides the opportunity for the development of novel treatment strategies. We examined the ability of VLA-4 blocking antibodies to induce apoptosis and overcome CAM-DR of primary B cells from CLL patients. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from consenting CLL patients. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Only samples with over 80% CLL B cells as assessed by flow cytometry (minimum 80% CD19+/CD5+ cells) were used. HS-5 human stromal cell line was cultured in 24 well plates (10% FCS DMEM media) and grown until they reached confluence. The confluent cells were then washed with PBS and incubated with AIM-V media 24 hours before CLL cells were co-cultured. CLL B cells were incubated in AIM-V media with and without fludarabine (1 mmol/L) for 24 hours, spun and resuspended in AIM-V. CLL B cells were then incubated with or without anti VLA-4 antibodies (BD Biosciences) at 10 μg/106 CLL cells for 2 hours and directly added into a co-culture with HS-5 cells. The CLL B cells remained in the co-culture for 24 hours, and were then collected and analyzed by flow cytometry for apoptosis/cell death by annexin/propidium iodide assay (i.e., total culture time 48 hours). Paired T-test was used to compare B cell viability results. Results: After 48 hour culture, the viability cells cultured in media alone or fludarabine for the first 24 hours were 40.6% (18.2%–73.7%) and 8.5% (0.2%–17.9%) respectively. Significant rescue from fludarabine induced cell death was seen if CLL B cells were co-cultured with HS-5 stromal cells for the second 24 hours rather than media alone (86.5% vs. 8.5%; p
Distinguishing potential bacteria-tumor associations from contamination in a secondary data analysis of public cancer genome sequence data

A variety of bacteria are known to influence carcinogenesis. Therefore, we sought to investigate if publicly available whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing data generated by large public cancer genome efforts, like The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), could be used to identify bacteria associated with cancer. The Burrows-Wheeler aligner (BWA) was used to align a subset of Illumina paired-end sequencing data from TCGA to the human reference genome and all complete bacterial genomes in the RefSeq database in an effort to identify bacterial read pairs from the microbiome. Through careful consideration of all of the bacterial taxa present in the cancer types investigated, their relative abundance, and batch effects, we were able to identify some read pairs from certain taxa as likely resulting from contamination. In particular, the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in the ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples was correlated with the sequencing center of the samples. Additionally, there was a correlation between the presence of Ralstonia spp. and two specific plates of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. At the end, associations remained between Pseudomonas-like and Acinetobacter-like read pairs in AML, and Pseudomonas-like read pairs in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) that could not be explained through batch effects or systematic contamination as seen in other samples. This approach suggests that it is possible to identify bacteria that may be present in human tumor samples from public genome sequencing data that can be examined further experimentally. More weight should be given to this approach in the future when bacterial associations with diseases are suspected.
Can lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) reduce the risk of obesity

Abstract Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus), a cool season food legume, provides significant amounts of essential nutrients for healthy living. Lentil is a rich dietary source of low digestible carbohydrates (also known as prebiotic carbohydrates) that stimulate growth and activity of hind gut bacteria. These beneficial bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids that provide an energy source for colonocytes, strengthen the gut mucosal barrier, and suppress colonization of pathogens leading to reduced obesity and related non-communicable diseases. As such, products enriched with prebiotic carbohydrates are becoming popular health-promoting foods in human diets. This paper reviews an overview of current obesity prevalence, lentil production, available data on lentil prebiotic carbohydrates, and the promise of lentil as a whole food solution to combat global obesity. In addition, the effect of prebiotic carbohydrates on the human microbiome is briefly discussed.
Multidimensional Control of Fixed-Interval Responding by Light Intensity and Time

Pigeons were trained to respond on a multiple fixed-interval (FI) 60-sec/time-out 30-sec schedule with an added light whose intensity increased discretely every 10 sec during the 60-sec FI. During generalization testing in extinction, the light intensities were presented in pseudorandom order during the FI so that each light intensity appeared equally often during each 10-sec segment. A generalization surface was constructed for the 36 combinations of light intensity and 10-sec segment. The generalization surface showed that responding was a joint function of both light intensity and time since the beginning of the FI with light intensity exerting more control over responding than time since the beginning of the interval.
Dynamics Enhanced Multi-camera Motion Segmentation from Unsynchronized Videos

This paper considers the multi-camera motion segmentation problem using unsynchronized videos: given two video clips containing several moving objects, captured by unregistered, unsynchronized cameras with different viewpoints, our goal is to assign features to moving objects in the scene. This problem challenges existing methods, due to the lack of registration information and correspondences across cameras. To solve it, we propose a method that combines shape and dynamical information and does not require spatiotemporal registration or shared features. As shown in the paper, this combination results in improved performance even in the single camera case, and allows for solving the multi-camera segmentation problem with a computational cost similar to that of existing single-view techniques.
Local-level philanthropic partnerships in public education: Dilemmas for equity and public responsibility

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) have a growing presence in U.S. public schools in activities ranging from standardized testing to after-school programs to charter schools. A smaller scale mode o...
Ship electric propulsion system: Electric power estimation and propeller selection

One of the significant design stages of the ship electric propulsion system is the determination of the electric power and the propeller selection, which must fulfill the exploitation requirements of the ship, it performances and it physical characteristics. This choice is based mainly on the concern of overcoming the ship's total resistance under the projected operating conditions. So, we wrote three algorithms under Matlab that estimates the electric power that must be installed on board. First, the ship resistance is determined. Then, the effective power is estimated and finally the appropriate choice of the propeller is done taking into account the cavitations phenomena. The three algorithms are named in order: the propeller optimization program, the power prediction program and the propeller characteristic curves: calculation and visualization program. The numerical results obtained in this paper confirm our approach.
(Re)Producing Cyborgs: Biomedicalizing Abortion through the Congressional Debate over Fetal Pain:

The scientific and political debate over whether a fetus can experience pain highlights a vital and controversial boundary for governance—the boundary of human life. I use the 2012 and 2013 US fede...
Regulation of MnSOD Expression by Manganese in Tumors

The data reported indicate that the expression of Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase is a (pre)-transcriptional event. Evidences obtained from several experimental systems, neoplastic and non neoplastic, suggest that manganese is involved in the control of MnSOD expression. The molecular mechanisms implicated could consist in the activation of a transcription factor sensitive to some reactive oxygen species, such as H2O2, whose production rate is enhanced by this metal.
Liquid-liquid equilibria for (volatile fatty acids + water + alcohol ethoxylates): Experimental measurement of pseudo-ternary systems

Abstract Experiments were conducted to establish the phase diagrams for ternary systems containing (acetic acid or propionic acid or butyric acid + water + alcohol ethoxylate surfactant) at 308.15 K and ambient pressure. Results indicated that the systems belong to Type 1 Treybal classification with water–surfactant binary pair exhibiting partial miscibility. The liquid–liquid equilibrium data were used to determine the ability of the surfactant to extract the acids from aqueous solutions. The calculated distribution coefficients and separation factors indicated that the effectiveness of the surfactant to extract acids follow the trend: butyric acid > propionic acid > acetic acid. The effectiveness of the surfactant to extract butyric acid from aqueous solutions is similar to previously studied environmentally-friendly solvents with added benefit of being non-inhibitory to microbial growth and metabolism. These characteristics of the alcohol ethoxylate used in this study could be exploited for the development of an extractive butyric acid fermentation process.
From savannas to blue-phase LCD screens: Prospects and perils for child development in the Post-Modern Digital Information Age

The Modern Digital Information Age arguably dawned with the construction of moveable-type printing presses by Johannes Guttenberg and others in Western Europe around 1440 CE.* As a result, there was a rapid replacement of hand-written script books by an exponentially increasing number of widely available, relatively inexpensive, mechanically produced volumes. Since then, this progression has been punctuated periodically with further noteworthy harbingers and technical advances—some momentous in their own breadth and depth—that have brought us to our present time. For example, included prominently among them are: ( i ) the 1832 unveiling of Charles Babbage’s so-called “Difference Engine,” which anticipated his subsequent “Analytical Engine,” a mechanical computing machine with several of the same basic features as modern electronic digital computers; ( ii ) the 1838 public demonstration of a nascent long-distance electrical telegraph designed by Samuel Morse, Leonard Gale, and Alfred Vail; ( iii ) Morse and Vail’s creation of American Morse Code, whereby the portentous message “What hath God wrought” was first transmitted as a sequence of acoustic dots and dashes in May 1844; ( iv ) incorporation of the Western Union Company in 1851; ( v ) David Hilbert’s challenge for participants at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians to formulate a finite, complete, consistent set of axioms for arithmetic of the natural numbers; ( vi ) Kurt Godel’s proof, published in 1931, that there can be no such set of axioms; ( vii ) publication of Alan Turing’s visionary 1936 article on computable numbers, announcing his ideas for the “Universal Turing Machine,” which was named subsequently in his honor; ( viii ) invention of the electronic point-contact transistor at the ATT ( ix ) publication of Claude Shannon’s 1948 journal article on mathematical information theory; and ( x ) introduction of the IBM 704 mainframe during 1954, heralding the first mass-produced computer with floating-point arithmetic hardware, which by 1964 came to … [↵][1]1Email: demeyer{at}umich.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Variation of the prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy: A scoping review

Purpose To examine the range of prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy in literature through a scoping review, focusing on factors that contribute to its heterogeneity in order to improve the design and reporting of quality improvement, pharmacovigilance, and research studies. Methods We searched Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ovid PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for studies with concepts of children and polypharmacy, along with a hand search of the bibliographies of six reviews and 30 included studies. We extracted information regarding study design, disease conditions, and prevalence of polypharmacy. Results Two hundred eighty-four studies reported prevalence of polypharmacy. They were more likely to be conducted in North America (37.7%), published after 2010 (44.4%), cross-sectional (67.3%), in outpatient settings (59.5%). Prevalence ranged from 0.9% to 98.4%, median 39.7% (interquartile range [IQR] 22.0%-54.0%). Studies from Asia reported the highest median prevalence of 45.4% (IQR 27.3%-61.0%) while studies from North America reported the lowest median prevalence of 30.4% (IQR 14.7%-50.2%). Prevalence decreased over time: median 45.6% before 2001, 38.1% during 2001 to 2010, and 34% during 2011 to 2017. Studies involving children under 12 years had a higher median prevalence (46.9%) than adolescent studies (33.7%). Inpatient setting studies had a higher median prevalence (50.3%) than studies in outpatient settings (38.8%). Community level samples, higher number and duration of medications defining polypharmacy, and psychotropic medications were associated with lower prevalence. Conclusions The prevalence of pediatric polypharmacy is high and variable. Studies reporting pediatric polypharmacy should account for context, design, polypharmacy definition, and medications evaluated.
Optoelectronic properties of graphene quantum dots with molybdenum disulfide

The presence of a direct optical bandgap in the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers leads to promising applications in optoelectronic devices such as phototransistors and photodetectors. These devices are commonly fabricated using few-layer and monolayer MoS2 sheets obtained using mechanical exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition techniques. The hybrid structure of quantum dots (QDs) and 2D materials has been investigated to provide outstanding properties for various applications. Herein we report the fabrication of a hybrid QDs/MoS2 photodetector consisting of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and multilayer MoS2 sheets. The hybrid GQDs and MoS2 films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM); additionally, the I-V characteristics are measured by two-point probe station.
Endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) components and ultra-structure revealed by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).

Background In order to play different roles in vascular functions as a mechanosensor to blood flows and as a barrier to transvascular exchange, the endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) should have an organized structure. Due to the limitations of optical and electron microscopy, the ultra-structure of ESG has not been revealed until the recent development of super-resolution optical microscopy, STORM. Objectives To investigate the ESG components and their organization on bEnd3 (mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells) monolayer. Methods ESG was immunolabeled with anti-heparan sulfate (HS), followed by an ATTO488 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG, and with biotinylated hyaluronic acid (HA) binding protein, followed by an AF647 conjugated anti-biotin. The ESG was then imaged by the STORM. Results HA is a long molecule weaving into a network which covers the endothelial luminal surface. In contrast, HS is a shorter molecule, perpendicular to the cell surface. HA and HS are partially overlapped with each other at the endothelial luminal surface. We also quantified the length, diameter, orientation, and density of HS at the top, middle and bottom regions of the endothelial surface. Conclusions Our results suggest that HS plays a major role in mechanosensing and HA plays a major role in the molecular sieve.
Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

Shale oil and gas exploitation not only consumes substantial amounts of freshwater but also generates large quantities of hazardous wastewater. Tremendous research efforts have been invested in developing membrane-based technologies for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. Despite their success at the laboratory scale, membrane processes have not been implemented at full scale in the oil and gas fields. In this article, we analyze the growing demands of wastewater treatment in shale oil and gas production, and then critically review the current stage of membrane technologies applied to the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. We focus on the unique niche of those technologies due to their advantages and limitations, and use mechanical vapor compression as the benchmark for comparison. We also highlight the importance of pretreatment as a key component of integrated treatment trains, in order to improve the performance of downstream membrane processes and water product quality. We emphasize the lack of sufficient efforts to scale up existing membrane technologies, and suggest that a stronger collaboration between academia and industry is of paramount importance to translate membrane technologies developed in the laboratory to the practical applications by the shale oil and gas industry.
Panoptyk: information driven MMO engine

Project Panoptyk is a game engine designed to run Massive Multiplayer Online (MMO) games with information creation, sharing, and exchange as the central gameplay focus. This engine is a work in progress, intended to serve as a platform for simulating human/robot interaction, as well as automatic generation of game assets, quests, and real-estate. The project also aims to create an open platform allowing indie and research communities to experiment with MMO concepts. In pursuit of these goals, we identify and address a number of challenges that have traditionally made it difficult for independent designers or researchers to be competitive in creation of new MMO games.
Perspective: shedding light on spotted lanternfly impacts in the USA

Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is an invasive phloem-feeding planthopper currently being quarantined in a 24 000 km2 area in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware, with a second population under quarantine in a 46 km2 area in Virginia. Because this insect feeds on over 70 species of plants, it has the potential to impact a wide range of sectors, and as a result, there has been great public speculation that the economic impact of SLF could be severe. SLF is a large-bodied voracious feeder that reduces plant resources directly by feeding, and indirectly, from sooty mold that grows on its excrement and blocks photosynthesis. SLF is causing severe damage to vineyards from feeding, and is a significant nuisance pest. It has high potential for spread via human-mediated transport, particularly of egg cases, and may therefore significantly impact commerce in the near future. The ultimate impacts of this insect are not yet known, and will depend upon its longer term impacts on plant and tree health, and the extent to which its range expands. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
2-Amino-6-picoline N-Oxide Complexes Formed from Various Copper (II) Salts

Abstract Copper (II) complexes with 2-amino-6-picoline N-oxide (6MA) employing the perchlorate, tetrafluoroborate, nitrate, chloride and bromide salts have been isolated and characterized using spectral methods (i.e., IR, UV-vis and ESR). Variation of the preparative molar ratio of ligand to Cu(II) salt yielded solids having the following empirical formulas Cu(6MA)4X2 (X [dbnd] CIO4, BF4), Cu(6MA)2X2 (X [dbnd] NO3 Cl, Br) and Cu(6MA)X2 (X [dbnd] Cl, Br). The latter two solids yielded unacceptable elemental analyses and probably include some of the Cu(6MA)2X2 compound. The green solids with four ligands per metal ion are CuO4 chromophores and involve little, if any, bonding of the anions to the Cu(II) center. In the remaining solids the anions are coordinated.
A stimulus in need of a response: A review of relational frame theory: A post-skinnerian account of human language and cognition

In this commentary, I describe relational frame theory (RFT) as an analysis of complex human behavior that has been insufficiently addressed within contemporary behavior analysis. The theory is described as having an exceptionally ambitious vision of the type that will render behavior analytic accounts more generally acceptable within the broader behavioral and cognitive sciences. In my own view, inductive empirically-driven analyses derived from current data on relational learning (including my own) have not been comparably ambitious; they have not addressed the full range of phenomena to which they might be profitably applied. By contrast, researchers in the RFT tradition have ambitious; they have not addressed the full range of phenomena to which they might be profitably applied. By contrast, researchers in the RFT tradition have tended to project their analyses to encompass a variety of plausible, attractive applications that are arguably within the reach of their current data or data that may be reasonably anticipated in the future. In order for RFT researchers to have its maximum impact, however, I suggest that certain critical steps must be accomplished. First, the theory must be reconciled with the basic behavioral processes that are the core of the experimental analysis of behavior. Second, certain experiments must be conducted that have thus far not been emphasized in the RFT tradition. In particular, I suggest that the current practice of studying college students and verbal school-aged children must be supplemented with comparably intensive studies of populations with developmental limitations (e.g., typically developing children who are just acquiring language). Absent such experimentation, it seems likely that RFT will remain a plausible account that merely competes with other plausible accounts without promoting ultimate resolution of the critical issues.
Extended-Interval Dosing Strategy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer: Will it Outlast the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Patients with lung cancer are particularly vulnerable to complications from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Recurrent hospital visits and hospital admission are potential risk factors for acquiring infection with its causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus−2 (SARS-CoV-2). As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute the therapeutic backbone for the vast majority of patients with advanced lung cancer in the absence of actionable driver oncogenes, there have been intense discussions within the oncology community regarding risk-benefit of delaying these treatments or use of alternative extended-interval treatment strategies to minimize the risk of viral transmission secondary to unintended nosocomial exposures. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for extended-interval strategy of pembrolizumab at a dose of 400 mg every 6 weeks for all already approved oncologic indications. Herein, we summarize the evidence from the in silico pharmacokinetic modeling/simulation studies supporting extended-interval dosing strategies for the ICIs used in lung cancer. We further review the evolving clinical evidence behind these approaches and predict that they will continue to be used in routine practice even long after the pandemic, particularly for patients with durable disease control.