cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personality Theory and Identity Advocacy

One can only agree with the claim that more adequate theory is badly needed in the field of personality although it should be better understood that theory of personality has never been marked by precision and sophistication. There have been changes in preference in the aims of clinical psychologists. The challenge of competition between different theories might be stim ulating to the field, in which case more diversity is called for. Those who would urge that personaltiy become more identified with "advocacy of identity" may be fostering unwarranted narrowness, and, in any case, the past history of such theories is not grounds for optimism about the future.
Full-Resolution 3D Radar Stratigraphy of Complex Oolitic Sedimentary Architecture: Miami Limestone, Florida, U.S.A.

Abstract At the field scale (m's to 100's m) it is often difficult to define the true three-dimensional form of depositional units or facies within sediments or sedimentary rocks, due to inherent spatial bias in traditional data sources such as outcrops and cores. Full-resolution 3D ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveying has the potential to overcome this problem. Southwest of Miami, paleotopography on the upper Pleistocene Miami Limestone Formation indicates the former presence of a large oolitic barrier bar, backed by extensive ooid shoals. Data from three closely spaced cores and two large outcrops on the barrier bar allow initial subdivision of the Miami Limestone in to a lower mottled oolitic facies and an upper bedded oolitic facies. However, detailed correlation between the cores and outcrops is problematic due to spatial aliasing. A 250 MHz full-resolution 3D GPR data set was collected over an area of 45 m × 24 m that encompassed the location of the three cores. Depth of radar wave penetration was around 6 m, and both horizontal and vertical resolution was approximately 0.1 m for the 6500 m3 rock volume, such that the upper bedded oolitic facies was imaged without spatial aliasing. Radar surfaces and intervening radar facies define two main radar package types: low-angle sheet and sigmoidal. The low-angle sheet radar packages are interpreted as oolitic shoal deposits consisting of tidal bars covered by ebb-orientated, straight-crested sand waves. The overlying sigmoidal radar packages record barrier-bar formation through alongshore progradation. Comparable sedimentary successions from both Pleistocene and modern deposits in the Bahamas suggest that the three evolutionary stages recorded for the Miami Limestone are typical of many transgressive ooid shoal complexes.
Coactivators for the Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORα

A mutation in the nuclear orphan receptor RORα results in a severe impairment of cerebellar development by unknown mechanisms. We have shown previously that RORα contains a strong constitutive activation domain in its C terminus. We therefore searched for mammalian RORα coactivators using the minimal activation domain as bait in a two-hybrid screen. Several known and putative coactivators were isolated, including glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein-1 (GRIP-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-binding protein (PBP/TRAP220/DRIP205). These interactions were confirmed in vitro and require the intact activation domain of RORα although different requirements for interaction with GRIP-1 and PBP were detected. Even in the absence of exogenous ligand, RORα interacts with a complex or complexes of endogenous proteins, similar to those that bind to ligand-occupied thyroid hormone and vitamin D receptors. Both PBP and GRIP-1 were shown to be present in these complexes. Thus we have identif...
Frequency and timing requirements for space exploration

The role of time and frequency standards in space missions is briefly discussed. The present status of the frequency and timing capability in the NASA deep space network (DSN) is presented, together with a review of the anticipated future requirements. Based on the future needs, areas for future development in frequency and timing technology are identified. The frequency and timing capability presently existing in the DSN meets the requirements of missions through 1995. The Cassini mission planned for 1996 launch represents the first DSN mission requiring the stability of new standards, the superconducting cavity stabilized oscillator (SCMO) and the mercury ion standard. >
Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect

The term psi denotes anomalous processes of information or energy transfer that are currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms. Two variants of psi are precognition (conscious cognitive awareness) and premonition (affective apprehension) of a future event that could not otherwise be anticipated through any known inferential process. Precognition and premonition are themselves special cases of a more general phenomenon: the anomalous retroactive influence of some future event on an individual's current responses, whether those responses are conscious or nonconscious, cognitive or affective. This article reports 9 experiments, involving more than 1,000 participants, that test for retroactive influence by "time-reversing" well-established psychological effects so that the individual's responses are obtained before the putatively causal stimulus events occur. Data are presented for 4 time-reversed effects: precognitive approach to erotic stimuli and precognitive avoidance of negative stimuli; retroactive priming; retroactive habituation; and retroactive facilitation of recall. The mean effect size (d) in psi performance across all 9 experiments was 0.22, and all but one of the experiments yielded statistically significant results. The individual-difference variable of stimulus seeking, a component of extraversion, was significantly correlated with psi performance in 5 of the experiments, with participants who scored above the midpoint on a scale of stimulus seeking achieving a mean effect size of 0.43. Skepticism about psi, issues of replication, and theories of psi are also discussed.
A hybrid analytical/intelligent approach to the modeling and control of DEDS

Many manufacturing processes, such as those arising in electronic circuit assembly and packaging, are characterized by both continuous variables and discrete event dynamics. The design of innovative end effective monitoring and control strategies for these processes requires the development of new models that can capture the hybrid continuous/discrete dynamic nature of the processes and can address the performance objectives in a systematic way. Although then, exists an extensive theory of modeling and control for continuous variable dynamic systems (CVDS), as of yet there is no comparable counterpart for the study of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS), and there is no general systematic approach for combining CVDS and DEDS methodologies for the study of hybrid processes such as those arising in manufacturing systems. This paper introduces a new methodology for modelling, simulation and control of hybrid CVDS/DEDS processes with application to manufacturing systems. A key feature of the proposed approach is the use of a hierarchical modelling philosophy that capitalizes upon control theoretic concepts and tools from the area of fuzzy logic and neural networks. >
Separability of Agricultural Cover Types by Remote Sensing in the Visible and Infrared Wavelength Regions

The purpose of this study was to determine the statistical separability of multispectral measurements from agricultural cover types: com, soybeans, green forage (hay and pasture), and forest, in one to 12 spectral channels. Multispectral scanner data in 12 spectral channels in the wavelength range 0.4-11.7 ?m, acquired on July 16, 1971 for three flight lines, were analyzed by applying automatic pattern recognition techniques. The same analysis was performed for data acquired on August 12, 1971 over the same three flight lines to investigate the effect of time on the statistical separability of agriculture cover types. In subsets of one to six spectral channels, the combination of wavelength regions (where V, N, M, and T denote the visible, near-infrared, middle-infrared, and thermal-infrared wavelength regions, respectively): V, V M, V N M, V N M T, V V N M T, V V N M M T, respectively, were found to be the best choices for getting good overall statistical separability of the agricultural cover types for the data acquired on July 16 as well as August 12. An effort was made to explain these results on the basis of the spectral properties of agricultural cover types. The overall statistical separability of the agricultural cover types was found to be greater for the data of August 12 than the data of July 16 (Table II).
FOULING ON EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA L.)1

SUMMARY The diatom Cocconeis scutellum (Meunier) colonizes the surface of young plants emerging from the mud in the spring and the usually emersed plant tips as they are knocked over and become immersed in the fall to form a virtually unialgal mat. Broken frustules and detritus adhere to form a crust which then becomes colonized nonselectively by a variety of microorganisms. Removal of the crust shows that the original “cobblestone” surface of the eelgrass is obscured with a layer of deformed cells of C. scutellum which appears to be impressed into the epithelium.
Everything you wanted to know about the bladder epithelium but were afraid to ask

The mammalian urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) performs the important function of storing urine for extended periods, while maintaining the urine composition similar to that delivered by the kidneys. The urothelium possesses four properties to perform this function. First, it offers a minimum epithelial surface area-to-urine volume; this reduces the surface area for passive movement of substances between lumen and blood. Second, the passive permeability of the apical membrane and tight junctions is very low to electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Third, the urothelium has a hormonally regulated sodium absorptive system; thus passive movement of sodium from blood to urine is countered by active sodium reabsorption. Last, the permeability properties of the apical membrane and tight junctions of the urothelium are not altered by most substances found in the urine or blood. The importance of the barrier function of the urothelium is illustrated by infectious cystitis. The loss of the barrier function results in the movement of urinary constituents into the lamina propria and underlying muscle layers, resulting in suprapubic and lower back pain and frequent, urgent, and painful voiding.
Event-based planning and control for multi-robot coordination

A planning and control scheme for multi-robot coordination is presented. An event-based motion reference that drives the system to achieve the best possible coordination is introduced. The general task space is combined with the nonlinear feedback technique to design hybrid position/force controllers. To improve the force control performance, the dynamics of joint motors are taken into account. For a given task, a task projection operator can be found for each robot, with consideration of redundancy management. A distributed computing architecture is proposed for parallel implementation of this scheme. The event-based coordination scheme was experimentally implemented and tested for the coordinated control of two six-degree-of-freedom PUMA 560 robots with very good results. >
WiVision: a wireless video system for real-time distribution and on-demand playback

The ability to deliver digital video over wireless networks is an enabling technology for many useful applications, ranging from home entertainment and security monitoring to enterprise messaging and military reconnaissance, and thus represents the holy grail of wireless technology development. We describe a wireless video delivery system, WiVision, which uses IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs as the last mile for both real-time video distribution and on-demand video playback. WiVision can air both live events, such as on-campus seminars and sports activities, and prestored video streams, such as course lectures and financial analysis sessions, to mobile users, who can tune in to selected channels of their choice from their laptops or PDAs. An innovative feature of WiVision is the support for random video access based on keyword-search, where keywords are extracted from the closed-caption text embedded in TV programs. In addition, WiVision is able to broadcast video streams on the wireless link while seamlessly working with commercially available media players. The paper presents the implementation details of the real-time acquisition and network transport components of a fully operational WiVision prototype, and the results of a performance evaluation study on that prototype.
Assessing the Application of Cloud–Shadow Atmospheric Correction Algorithm on HICO

Several ocean color earth observation satellite sensors are presently collecting daily imagery, including the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO). HICO has been operating aboard the International Space Station since its installation on September 24, 2009. It provides high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery optimized for the coastal ocean. Atmospheric correction, however, still remains a challenge for this sensor, particularly in optically complex coastal waters. In this paper, we assess the application of the cloud-shadow atmospheric correction approach on HICO data and validate the results with the in situ data. We also use multiple sets of cloud, shadow, and sunlit pixels to correct a single image multiple times and intercompare the results to assess variability in the retrieved reflectance spectra. Retrieved chlorophyll values from this intercomparison are similar and also agree well with the in situ chlorophyll measurements.
Rural Health Clinic Efficiency and Effectiveness: Insight from a Nationwide Survey

This study reports the results of a nationwide survey of Rural Health Clinics (RHCs). The purpose was to identify factors that contribute to efficiency and effectiveness in RHCs. Factors related to cost efficiency were analyzed using multiple regression; factors related to the likelihood of providing preventive diabetic care, an effectiveness indicator, were analyzed using logistic regression. The study found: (1) technical efficiency to be positively related to cost efficiency; (2) non-profit control to be inversely related to cost efficiency in independent RHCs; and (3) provider-based RHCs and technology use to be related to the likelihood of providing preventive diabetic care. Implications for RHCs are: (1) improvement in technical efficiency could enhance cost efficiency; (2) visits to PAs and NPs, an indicator of process efficiency, may not guarantee the provision of preventive diabetic care; and (3) strategies for improving RHC efficiency and effectiveness may be different for provider-based and independent clinics.
In SI Engines: Prediction of Ring Crevice Hydrocarbons Depending on Some Engine Parameters

This paper represents results of a theoretical work devoted to diffusion and removal of ring crevice HC’s. The model consists of three major sub models: a model for prediction of time-varying composition of combustion gases, a model for the ring crevice HC’s during late expansion and exhaust stroke and the last one for a simple phenomenological approach to calculate temperature variation. Flow field and HC concentrations are determined by solution of governing equations. Oil film HC’s and post flame oxidation are excluded, as for the last, solution procedure enhances the period after which in cylinder oxidation ceases. A 60 × 60 variable mesh flow field is adapted for finite volume solution procedure. Results are presented at the extended limited counterparts allowed, due to the lack of common parameters adapted in different studies amongst plenty of them.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Glomerular Diseases: Entering a New Era

Diseases of the glomerulus have always held a special place of interest for nephrologists. At first glance the glomerulus is a simple filtering structure connected to a couple of pipes, like so many manmade fluid-filtering systems. Of course, on closer inspection, advancement in science has revealed
The effect of iodide on the release of thyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism.

The mechanism whereby the iodide ion beneficially affects the syndrome of hyperthyroidism remains unclear. Wolff and Chaikoff have shown that in the rat, elevation of the serum inorganic iodide concentration to approximately 30 micrograms per 100 ml. inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone (1). This effect, however, is transient. Stanley has presented evidence that in man, when the serum inorganic iodide concentration exceeds 6 micrograms per 100 ml. there is partial inhibition of organic binding of iodine in the thyroid gland (2). These experiments suggest that iodine exerts its effect by slowing the rate of synthesis of thyroid hormone. A different process by which iodide may affect hyperthyroidism is intimated by the in vitro studies of Albert and associates (3).
An autonomous 16 mm/sup 3/ solar-powered node for distributed wireless sensor networks

A 16 mm/sup 3/ autonomous solar-powered sensor node with bidirectional optical communication for distributed sensor networks has been demonstrated. The device digitizes integrated sensor signals and transmits/receives data over a free-space optical link. The system consists of three die - a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS ASIC, a 2.6 mm/sup 2/ SOI solar cell array, and a micromachined four-quadrant corner-cube retroreflector (CCR), allowing it to be used in a one-to-many network configuration. The CMOS ASIC includes a photosensor integrated 3 MHz oscillator, 69 pJ/bit optical receiver and 31 pJ/sample ADC.
An AGVS simulation code generation for manufacturing applications

The concept of developing an automatic simulation method in connection with the design of an automated guided vehicle system (AGVS) is considered. A simulation code generator (SCG), implemented to demonstrate this concept, is described. The generator converts input data, provided by the designer, into a SIMAN simulation program for evaluating a manufacturing system with automated guided vehicles moving along a unidirectional guidepath network. An operation scheme which describes the information flow in an AGVS is also presented to aid the understanding of the system logic and the development of the SCG. The simulation model logic is illustrated by a network diagram in which each node corresponds to an event or a process. A case study is used to demonstrate the SCG. >
Abstract #5672: The role of IKK\#946;/TSC1 regulation in tumorigenesis and insulin resistance

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Many factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of this disease and inflammation is one of them. Among the inflammatory cytokines, TNF-\#945; is considered one of the most important factors involved in the inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. In the present study, we showed that in response to TNF\#945; stimulation, IKK\#946;, a major downstream kinase in the TNF\#945; signaling pathway, is able to induce the activation of mTOR activity. While investigating which molecule in the mTOR pathway involved in IKK\#946;-mediated mTOR regulation, we found that IKK\#946; physically associates with TSC1. Kinase assays and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that IKK\#946; phosphorylates TSC1 at Ser487 and Ser511 in vitro and in vivo. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms which cause the mTOR activation by TSC1 phosphorylation, our results showed that phosphorylation of TSC1 by IKK\#946; alters its membrane localization, inhibits its association with TSC2, decreases its protein stability, thereby activating the mTOR pathway. In vitro angiogenesis assays and orthotopic breast cancer model further revealed that phosphorylation of TSC1 by IKK\#946; enhances VEGF expression, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Moreover, the immunohistochemical study suggested that phosphorylation of TSC1 by IKK\#946; promotes mTOR activation and VEGF production and is associated with poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. Recently, activation of mTOR signaling pathway has been found to suppress insulin sensitivity through serine phosphorylation of IRS1. Here we further showed the role of TSC1 phosphorylation by IKK\#946; in TNF\#945;-induced insulin resistance. Collectively, dysregulation of the TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway by IKK\#946; is a common molecular switch for both cancer pathogenesis and insulin resistance. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5672.
Growth and characterization of superconducting V 3 Si on Si and Al 2 O 3 by molecular beam epitaxial

A study of the growth parameters governing the nucleation of metastable superconducting A15 V3Si on Si and A12O3 is presented. Nominally, 500A films of V1-xSix were produced through codeposition of V and Si onto heated (111) Si and (1102) A12O3 substrates. Samples were prepared in a custom-built ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber containing dual e-beam evaporation sources and a high temperature substrate heater. V and Si fluxes were adjusted to result in the desired average film composition. V0.75Si0.25 films prepared at temperatures in excess of 550° C on Si show significant reaction with the substrate and are nonsuperconducting while similar films grown on A12O3 exhibit superconducting transition temperatures(@#@ Tc @#@) approaching bulk values for V3Si (16.6-17.1 K). Codeposition at temperatures between 350 and 550° C results in superconducting films on Si substrates while growth at lower temperatures results in nonsuperconducting films. Lowering the growth temperature to 400° C has been shown throughex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Auger compositional profiling to minimize the reaction with the Si substrate while still activating the surface migration processes needed to nucleate A15 V3Si. Variation of film composition aboutx = 0.25 is shown to result in nonsuperconducting films for highx and superconducting films with Tc approaching the bulk V value (5.4 K) for lowx. Finally, lowering the V0.75Si0.25 deposition rate is shown to raise Tc.
Does Tripsense Make Sense

This case prompts students to determine how Progressive Insurance can best assess the customer interest, technical feasibility, economic viability, and actuarial justification of TripSense, its usage-based pricing program.
Lifestyle modification and weight reduction among low-income patients with the metabolic syndrome: the CHARMS randomized controlled trial

Although weight is an important intervention target among patients with metabolic syndrome, few trials have recruited low-income minority populations. The Community Health and Risk-reduction for Metabolic Syndrome randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and metabolic syndrome components among low-income minority adults. We randomized 120 adults with metabolic syndrome to standard medical care (N = 60) or a lifestyle intervention (N = 60). Using an intent-to-treat approach, we found significant intervention effects on weight [B = -0.452; SE = 0.122; 95 % confidence intervals (CI) -0.653 to -0.251) and glucose levels at 6-months (B = -0.522, SE = 0.234, 95 % CI -0.907 to -0.138). These changes were maintained through the 12-month assessment. No significant effects were observed on insulin resistance or other metabolic syndrome components. Our intervention was successful in achieving modest but significant weight loss and reduction in fasting glucose among low-income minority subjects with metabolic syndrome.
The brain norepinephrine system, stress and cardiovascular vulnerability

Chronic exposure to psychosocial stress has adverse effects on cardiovascular health, however the stress-sensitive neurocircuitry involved remains to be elucidated. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system position it to contribute to stress-induced cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on cardiovascular dysfunction produced by social stress and a major theme highlighted is that differences in coping strategy determine individual differences in social stress-induced cardiovascular vulnerability. The establishment of different coping strategies and cardiovascular vulnerability during repeated social stress has recently been shown to parallel a unique plasticity in LC afferent regulation, resulting in either excitatory or inhibitory input to the LC. This contrasting regulation of the LC would translate to differences in cardiovascular regulation and may serve as the basis for individual differences in the cardiopathological consequences of social stress. The advances described suggest new directions for developing treatments and/or strategies for decreasing stress-induced cardiovascular vulnerability.
Recurrent intussusception: management options.

Most of the recurrent intussusceptions present within 6 months of initial episode and have been observed with almost all the treatment modalities. These are frequently reported after non-operative reduction (hydrostatic/pneumatic), whereas their incidence is negligible after operative management. This is especially true where the resection of the involved part of intestine is performed. The recurrence may occur once to as many as 8 times or more [1-3].
Possible role of a peroxidative system in melanin synthesis inVerticillium

Manometric tests demonstrated phenolase activity in potato and mushroom extracts but little in extracts from a microsclerotial isolate ofVerticillium albo-atrum. The purpurogallin test indicated the presence of peroxidase activity in theseVerticillium extracts. An assay for an enzyme system which produced dark pigment from catechol was developed. Mn++ stimulated pigment synthesis about twice as much as Mg++ or Ca++. Other cations, Co++, Ni++, Zn++, Cu++ and Fe++ had less effect. The cell-free enzyme system containing H2O2 and Mn++ produced dark-colored products from catechol, dopa, andp-phenylenediamine. Pyrogallol yielded a bright yellow color. Chemicals which did not yield colored products as a result of enzyme action included aniline, ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid,p-cresol, gallic acid, hydroquinone, phenol, phenylalanine, protocatechuic acid, resorcinol, shikimic acid, and tyrosine. In view of these results and the failure of others to demonstrate more than weak phenolase activity inVerticillium, we conclude that a peroxidation probably initiates most melanin synthesis inVerticillium.
The Calibration of an Origin Constrained Gravity Model to Predict Patient Flow

The development and calibration of a singly constrained gravity model used for health planning in England, called Ramos (Resource Allocation Model Over Space), was described by Mayhew and Taket T1980). This model is used to predict the number of patients that originate in each origin zone, and that obtain their medical care in each destination zone within a defined planning region. Thus, this model is designed to calculate the “demand” imposed on each destination from each origin. The form of the model being used in England is called the “destination constrained” form, which causes the bed capacity of the hospitals to be completely utilized, and excess demand to be held in a queue. This form of the model is appropriate because the British hospital system operates at (or near) capacity with a queue of elective patients waiting for service. This constraint is imposed within the model by a “normalization constant”.
A Phase 2 Study of Continuous Subcutaneous Hydrocortisone Infusion in Adults With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Context: Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) management remains challenging, given that supraphysiologic glucocorticoid doses are often needed to optimally suppress the ACTH-driven adrenal androgen overproduction. Objective: This study sought to approximate physiologic cortisol secretion via continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion (CSHI) and evaluate the safety and efficacy of CSHI in patients with difficult-to-treat CAH. Design: Eight adult patients with classic CAH participated in a single-center open-label phase I–II study comparing CSHI to conventional oral glucocorticoid treatment. All patients had elevated adrenal steroids and one or more comorbidities at study entry. Assessment while receiving conventional therapy at baseline and 6 months following CSHI included: 24-hour hormonal sampling, metabolic and radiologic evaluation, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), and fatigue questionnaires. Main Outcome Measures: The ability of CSHI to approximate physiologic cortisol secretion a...
Structural defects in inherited and giant platelet disorders.

These have been heady years for people in platelet research. Advances in biochemical techniques have made it possible to define the basic abnormalities of major inherited disorders of platelet function. Deficiencies in specific platelet surface membrane glycoproteins have been characterized, and are responsible for the functional failure of platelets from patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) and Glanzman’s thrombasthenia, as well as individuals whose platelets do not adhere to collagen (George et al. 1985). Absence of defective function of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase enzymes required to form a thromboxane A2 have been found in familial hemorrhagic conditions (Gerrard, 1985). Impaired release or absence of secretory products or storage organelles have been shown to affect platelet function in vitro and in vivo (White, 1989). Continued improvements in technology will undoubtedly result in clarification of the molecular basis for all of the known platelet disorders and new ones yet to be discovered.
Media Authoring with Ontological Reasoning: Use Case for Multimedia Information Extraction

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Interactive Media and Media Authoring: Implications for Mmie Prototype System for Media Authoring with Ontological Reasoning Ontological Data Design for Navigating Media Resources of Multiple Types Example Use Cases: Sound Authoring Data with Audio Mmie Closing Statements and Future Direction Acknowledgments
Improved Microparticle Electrodynamic Ion Traps for Physics Teaching

We review the essential physics of microparticle electrodynamic ion traps (MEITs) and suggest several improvements in the design, construction, and application of MEITs in undergraduate physics teaching. Pulling together insights gleaned from a number of disparate sources, we have developed MEITs with better overall performance and reliability in comparison to previous publications. This work builds upon a long history of MEIT advancement over many decades, further lowering the barriers to using these fascinating devices in physics teaching labs and demonstrations.
Africa as Tradition in U.S. African American Muslim Identity

In this article I take up David Scott’s “heuristic of tradition” to examine Africa as tradition in African American Muslim identity. First, I explore the structure and narrative of claims made for and to Africa by U.S. African American Muslims. Second, I ask: When U.S. African American Muslims claim an Islamic African past, to whom are they speaking and to what ends? I contend that U.S. African American Muslims find themselves neither Muslim enough to be authoritative to non-Black Muslims nor Muslim enough to be representative of U.S. American Muslims in the U.S. American popular imagination. In this context, I also trace the genealogical claims to an Africa made through hip-hop to demonstrate how a sonic religious lineage recenters U.S. African American Muslims within the broader U.S. Muslim community. Thus, I argue that as tradition, Africa labors against the erasure of the U.S. African American Muslim as legitimately Muslim.
An extended framework for supply chain risk management: incorporating the complexities of emerging industries and large-scale systems

Over the last two decades, firms, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organisations have sought improved understanding of supply chain management and supply chain risk. Much supply chain risk research has been in large and mature industries such as automotive, aerospace, and energy production. Yet, additional supply chain risk areas are of concern to executives, including emerging industries, emerging supply chains, governmental agencies, quasi-governmental agencies, non-governmental agencies, and large-scale systems engineering projects that cope with complex technical challenges and multi-year development cycles. Through involvement with commercial and governmental research partners, we developed an extended and more generalised framework of supply chain risk that categorises dimensions of SCR and highlights the complexity that must be addressed by organisations. Key findings include that academics must address the complexity that firms face rather than assume simpler risk models, and that firms need additional academic thought leadership for developing improved approaches to manage supply chain risk.
Roles of Idiotype-Specific T Cells in Myeloma Cell Growth and Survival: Th1 and CTL Cells Are Tumoricidal While Th2 Cells Promote Tumor Growth.

Despite advances in therapy for multiple myeloma (MM), it remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, immunotherapy may be an option for new treatments to stabilize or even eradicate minimal residual tumors achieved after high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantations. Idiotype protein (Id), secreted by myeloma cells, is a tumor-specific antigen, and Id-based immunotherapy has been explored in patients with MM and other B-cell tumors for inducing and/or enhancing Id-specific immune responses that could control the tumor cells. Although previous studies have demonstrated that Id-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are able to lyse myeloma cells, it is unclear whether other types of Id-specific T cells, such as CD4 + type-1 (Th1) and type-2 helper (Th2) cells, are also able to suppress or kill myeloma tumor cells. As Id-based immunotherapy may induce the responses by all of these T-cell subsets, it is important to understand the functions of these T cells in the context of tumor cells. In this study, we used the 5TGM1 myeloma murine model to generate Id-specific T-cell subsets. Mice were immunized with mature dendritic cells pulsed with Id conjugated with KLH. Using limiting dilution assay, we obtained and identified T-cell clones of different subsets based on surface expression of CD4 + or CD8 + molecules and secretion of IFN-γ or IL-4 in response to Id protein. CTL, Th1, and Th2 T-cell clones were selected, expanded, and subjected to functional tests. The standard 51 Cr release and Annexin-V-binding assays were used to examine the cytotoxic activity of these T cells. CTL and Th1 but not Th2 cells specifically lysed 5TGM1 myeloma cells and Id-pulsed but not unpulsed DCs. We examined the suppressive activity of the T-cell clones against myeloma cells by measuring 3 H-thymidine incorporation and Id protein secretion. 5TGM1 myeloma cells cultured with irradiated CTL or Th1 cells displayed significantly lower growth rate and secretion of Id protein, while 5TGM1 myeloma cells cultured with irradiated Th2 showed increased proliferation and production of Id protein compared with the tumor cells cultured with irradiated, irrelevant T cells. The in vivo function of these T cells on the tumor cells was also examined in the mouse model. After adoptive transfer of the T cells into 5TGM1 tumor-bearing C57BL/KaLwRij mice, 80% and 60% of mice that received CTL or Th1 cells respectively survived without further increase in serum Id proteins. In contrast, all mice that received PBS or normal splenocytes as controls, or Id-specific Th2 cells developed myeloma with a drastic increase in serum Id proteins. Compared with controls, mice that received Th2 cells had larger tumor burdens and shorter survival time. Thus, these results demonstrate that Id-specific CTL and Th1 but not Th2 responses are beneficial to patients receiving Id-based immunotherapy. Further studies are needed to develop novel strategies to induce only Th1 and CTL responses following Id vaccination.
Evaluation of Touchscreen Chambers To Assess Cognition in Adult Mice: Effect of Training and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Cognitive impairments are often experienced after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In the clinical arena, neuropsychological assessments are used frequently to detect cognitive deficits. Animal models of mTBI, however, rely on an assortment of behavioral tasks to assess cognitive outcome. Computer-based touchscreen systems have been developed for rodents and are hypothesized to offer a translational approach to evaluate cognitive function because of the similarities of tasks performed in rodents to those implemented in humans. While these touchscreen systems have been used in pre-clinical models of neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders, their use in assessing cognitive impairment after mTBI has not been investigated. We hypothesized that mTBI would result in impaired cognitive performance on touchscreen tasks, particularly those with hippocampal-based learning components, including the paired associate learning (PAL) task and the location discrimination (LD) task. Adult male, ...
Local up-sampling and morphological analysis of low-resolution magnetic resonance images

Abstract Limitations in the resolution of acquired images, which are due to sensor manufacturing and acquisition conditions, are reduced with the help of algorithms that enhance the spatial resolution by assigning pixel values that are interpolated or approximated from known pixels. We propose a variant of the moving least-squares approximation for image up-sampling, with a specific focus on biomedical MR images. For each evaluation point, we locally compute the best approximation by minimizing a weighted least-squares error between the input data and their approximation with an implicit function. The proposed approach provides a continuous approximation, an accuracy and extrapolation capabilities higher than previous work, and a lower computational cost. As main application, we consider the up-sampling of low field MR images, where the volumetric and meshless properties of the approximation allow us to easily process images with anisotropic voxel size by rescaling the image and inter-slices resolution. Finally, we include the resolution rescaling into a pipeline that performs a morphological characterization of 3D anatomical districts, which has been developed with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis evolution and provides a more accurate segmentation as an input to quantitative analysis.
A new mammal track from the Laramie Formation (Maastrichtian) at the Fossil Trace locality, Golden, Colorado

Abstract A previously unknown and morphologically distinct pentadactyl mammal track was recovered from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Laramie Formation at the Fossil Trace site, a National Natural Landmark which is the type locality for Schadipes crypticus, the only named mammal track known from North America. The track is different, and larger than S. crypticus, and thus is evidence of a diversity of mammal trackmakers at this site. Although Cretaceous mammal tracks are very rare, preliminary indications are that those currently known are all morphologically distinct and therefore indicative of a global diversity of different trackmakers, as the body fossil record suggests. Lack of well-preserved mammal trackways with morphologically distinct manus and pes footprints hampers efforts to name diagnostic ichnotaxa.
Identification of outliers and positive deviants for healthcare improvement: looking for high performers in hypoglycemia safety in patients with diabetes

The study objectives were to determine: (1) how statistical outliers exhibiting low rates of diabetes overtreatment performed on a reciprocal measure – rates of diabetes undertreatment; and (2) the impact of different criteria on high performing outlier status. The design was serial cross-sectional, using yearly Veterans Health Administration (VHA) administrative data (2009–2013). Our primary outcome measure was facility rate of HbA1c overtreatment of diabetes in patients at risk for hypoglycemia. Outlier status was assessed by using two approaches: calculating a facility outlier value within year, comparator group, and A1c threshold while incorporating at risk population sizes; and examining standardized model residuals across year and A1c threshold. Facilities with outlier values in the lowest decile for all years of data using more than one threshold and comparator or with time-averaged model residuals in the lowest decile for all A1c thresholds were considered high performing outliers. Using outlier values, three of the 27 high performers from 2009 were also identified in 2010–2013 and considered outliers. There was only modest overlap between facilities identified as top performers based on three thresholds: A1c 9%) than VA average in the population of patients at high risk for hypoglycemia. Statistical identification of positive deviants for diabetes overtreatment was dependent upon the specific measures and approaches used. Moreover, because two facilities may arrive at the same results via very different pathways, it is important to consider that a “best” practice may actually reflect a separate “worst” practice.
Molecular Engineering Enables Better Organic Flow Batteries

In this issue of Chem , Liu and coworkers report a rational molecular engineering method of preparing two-electron-storage viologen compounds as negative electroactive materials for aqueous redox flow batteries. By integrating function-oriented organic synthesis, comprehensive electrochemical analysis, and advanced computational modeling, this work highlights the art of molecular engineering as a powerful tool for developing sustainable, greener energy storage systems.
An Interferer-Tolerant CMOS Code-Domain Receiver Based on N-Path Filters

This paper extends N-path filtering to the code domain by proposing code-modulated local oscillator signals. A correlator-based perspective of N-path mixer receiver (RX) is presented to demonstrate interferer-rejection and desired signal reception in a code-domain N-path RX. Pairs of Walsh-function-based codes are proposed for modulating desired RX and known interferers [such as self-interference (SI) from transmitter (TX)] to achieve high interferer rejection. An N-path architecture for concurrent reception of two code-modulated signals is also presented. A 0.3–1.4-GHz 65-nm CMOS implementation achieves 35-dB gain for desired signals and concurrently receives two RX signals while rejecting mismatched spreading codes at RF input. The proposed TX SI mitigation approach results in 38.5-dB rejection for −11.8 dBm 1.46-Mb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated SI at the RX input. The RX achieves 23.7-dBm output referred 1dB gain compression (OP1dB) for in-band SI, while consuming ~35 mW and occupies 0.31 mm2. Such code-domain selection/rejection can be used in conjunction with other N-path filtering schemes for signal selection/rejection based on a combination of spatial, spectral, and code-domain properties.
EBV+ mucocutaneous ulcer: a new entity of WHO 2017.

![Figure][1] A 79-year-old apparently healthy man presented with an isolated, persistent oral lesion. On examination, a single, well-circumscribed ulcerative gingival lesion was identified measuring ∼1 cm (panel A). No systemic lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly was identified. A biopsy
Lifestyle Factors, Colorectal Tumor Methylation, and Survival Among African Americans and European Americans

Differences in tumor characteristics might partially account for mortality disparities between African American (AA) and European American (EA) colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated effect modification by race for exposure and patient-outcomes associations with colorectal tumor methylation among 218 AA and 267 EA colorectal cancer cases from the population-based North Carolina Colon Cancer Study. Tumor methylation was assessed in CACNA1G, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3, and SOCS1. We used logistic regression to assess whether associations between several lifestyle factors—intake of fruits, vegetables, folate, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs—and tumor methylation were modified by race. Proportional hazards models were used to evaluate whether race modified associations between tumor methylation and time to all-cause mortality. Greater fruit consumption was associated with greater odds of high NEUROG1 methylation among EA at methylation cut points of 15–35% (maximum OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.66, 7.13) but not among AA. Higher folate intake was associated with lower odds of high CACNA1G methylation among EAs but not AAs. Tumor methylation was not associated with all-cause mortality for either group. Race might modify associations between lifestyle factors and colorectal tumor methylation, but in this sample did not appear to modify associations between tumor methylation and all-cause mortality.
Meta-Dimensional Analysis of Phenotypes Using the Analysis Tool for Heritable and Environmental Network Associations (ATHENA): Challenges with Building Large Networks

The search for the underlying heritability ofcomplex traits has led to an explosion of data generation and analysis in the field of human genomics. With these technological advances, we have made some progress in the identification of genes and proteins associated with common, complex human diseases. Still, our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex traits remains limited and additional research is needed to illuminate the genetic and environmental factors important for the disease process, much of which will include looking at variation in DNA, RNA, protein, etc. in ameta-dimensional analysis framework. We have developed amachine learning technique, ATHENA: Analysis Tool for Heritable and Environmental Network Associations, to address this issue of integrating data from multiple “-omics” technologies to identify models that explain or predict the genetic architecture of complex traits. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges in handling meta-dimensional data usinggrammatical evolution neural networks (GENN) which are one modeling component ofATHENA, and a characterization of the models identified in simulation studies to explore the ability of GENN to build complex, meta-dimensional models. Challenges remain to further understand the evolutionary process for GENN, and an explanation of the simplicity of the models. This work highlights potential areas for extension and improvement of the GENN approach within ATHENA.
Reverse transcription slippage over the mRNA secondary structure of the LIP1 gene.

The secondary structures in mRNA often cause early termination during the synthesis of cDNA. In an attempt to determine the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of the gene LIP1 using the RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE), we found that reverse transcriptases skipped over the LIP1 RNA secondary structures and continued the DNA synthesis through RNA adapter sequences without early termination. A fragment of only three nucleotides upstream of the LIP1 translation initiation codon was obtained from the initial RACEPCR, which was much shorter than the 57-nucleotide fragment obtained from the cDNA library screening. Analysis of the 5′ end sequence indicates the presence of high G+C content and stem-loop secondary structures. Therefore, optimizations of the reaction with high temperature (70°C) and a thermostable reverse transcriptase were performed to synthesize the first-strand cDNA, which was determined to have 73 nucleotides in the 5′-UTR. These results suggest that, under cDNA synthes...