cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ‘Black Metropolis' in the American Urban System of the Early Twentieth Century: Harlem, Bronzeville and Beyond

By defining and measuring a dimension of the Black Metropolis in terms of occupational representation, this study advances research on the urban black communities of the early twentieth-century United States. Census data show that: (1) Bronzeville (Chicago) was the premier Black Metropolis overall and the black communities of urban-industrial centers in the Midwest had locational advantages that rivaled those of Harlem (New York) with respect to the rise of the black professional and entrepreneurial classes; (2) The standing of Harlem as a preeminent Black Metropolis was due mainly to opportunities generated by unique features of New York that aided blacks' entry into an extensive array of artistic, entertainment and mass media occupations; (3) The black community of Washington, DC, was the only substantial Black Metropolis below the Mason-Dixon Line because of advantages that derived from the city's location above areas of the lower South and from its status as the capital of the US federal government; (4) In general, the northern Black Metropolis was characterized more by opportunities for blacks to participate in politics and public life and to create vital cultural institutions than by opportunities for blacks to economically gain through professions or businesses.
A generalized ℋ ∞ control design framework for stable multivariable plants subject to simultaneous output and input loop breaking specifications

In this paper, we present a generalized mixed-sensitivity multivariable framework for linear time invariant (LTI) plants that can handle a broad class of closed loop (e.g. ℋ ∞ , ℋ2, frequency- and time domain) objectives while being able to directly and systematically address the problem of trading off properties at distinct loop breaking points. This is done by exploiting the Youla-Jabr-Bongiorno-Kucera-Zames (YJBKZ) parameterization, the resulting convexification, and efficient convex solvers that can be applied to smooth as well as non-differentiable problems. Our approach is shown to be particularly useful for ill-conditioned plant having large relative gain array entries - plants that have received considerable attention in the literature without yielding a direct systematic design methodology. Moreover, we also show how our approach can be applied to multivariable infinite-dimensional plants. We specifically show that by suitably approximating the infinite-dimensional plant with a finite-dimensional approximant, a near-optimal finite-dimensional controller can be designed for the infinite-dimensional plant. Illustrative examples are provided.
Function Models for Teichm ¨ uller Spaces and Dual Geometric Gibbs Type Measure Theory for Circle Dynamics

Geometric models and Teichmuller structures have been introduced for the space of smooth expanding circle endomorphisms and for the space of uniformly symmetric circle endomorphisms. The latter one is the completion of the previous one under the Techmuller metric. Moreover, the spaces of geometric models as well as the Teichm¨ uller spaces can be described as the space of Holder continuous scaling func- tions and the space of continuous scaling functions on the dual symbolic space. The characterizations of these scaling functions have been also investigated. The Gibbs mea- sure theory and the dual Gibbs measure theory for smooth expanding circle dynam- ics have been viewed from the geometric point of view. However, for uniformly sym- metric circle dynamics, an appropriate Gibbs measure theory is unavailable, but a dual Gibbs type measure theory has been developed for the uniformly symmetric case. This development extends the dual Gibbs measure theory for the smooth case from the geo- metric point of view. In this survey article, we give a review of these developments which combines ideas and techniques from dynamical systems, quasiconformal mapping theory, and Teichmuller theory. There is a measure-theoretical version which is called g-measure theory and which corresponds to the dual geometric Gibbs type measure theory. We briefly review it too.
A primer on precision medicine informatics

In this review, we describe key components of a computational infrastructure for a precision medicine program that is based on clinical-grade genomic sequencing. Specific aspects covered in this review include software components and hardware infrastructure, reporting, integration into Electronic Health Records for routine clinical use and regulatory aspects. We emphasize informatics components related to reproducibility and reliability in genomic testing, regulatory compliance, traceability and documentation of processes, integration into clinical workflows, privacy requirements, prioritization and interpretation of results to report based on clinical needs, rapidly evolving knowledge base of genomic alterations and clinical treatments and return of results in a timely and predictable fashion. We also seek to differentiate between the use of precision medicine in germline and cancer.
How Capitalism Will Save Colonialism: The Privatization of Reserve Lands in Canada

This paper surveys the ways in which the First Nations Property Ownership Act (FNPOA) is the site of both tension and alliance between state, non-state, and local Indigenous interests converging around a common agenda of land “modernization” in Canada. It is a convergence, I argue, that must be read in the context of a reorganization of society under neoliberalism. The FNPOA legislation is discursively framed to acknowledge Indigenous land rights while the bill simultaneously introduces contentious measures to individualize and municipalize the quasi-communal land holding of reserves. The intersections of alliance around this land modernization project foreground the complex ways in which capitalism and colonialism, though inextricably tied, perform distinguishable economic processes, and how we must be attentive to the particulars of their co-articulation with local formations of indigeneity.
Developing Climate Model Comparisons

Since 1995, the worldwide climate modeling community has designed and participated in a series of intercomparison projects for the purposes of understanding and improving model performance, investigating scientific questions about the climate system, and projecting future climate conditions. These projects have been defined under the umbrella of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, and phase 6 of that project (CMIP6) is just getting under way. As in previous phases, many CMIP6 modeling activities interact and overlap with each other. For example, credible projections of future climate conditions require understanding and validating a variety of Earth system model responses, including those to changes in concentrations of greenhouse gases, aerosols and other air pollutants, and land use change.
TGFβ1 Inhibits NF-κB/Rel Activity Inducing Apoptosis of B Cells: Transcriptional Activation of IκBα

Abstract TGFβ1 treatment of B cell lymphomas decreases c- myc gene expression and induces apoptosis. Since we have demonstrated NF-κB/Rel factors play a key role in transcriptional control of c- myc , we explored the effects of TGFβ1 on WEHI 231 immature B cells. A reduction in NF-κB/Rel activity followed TGFβ1 treatment. In WEHI 231 and CH33 cells, we observed an increase in IκBα, a specific NF-κB/Rel inhibitor, due to transcriptional induction. Engagement of surface CD40 or ectopic c-Rel led to maintenance of NF-κB/Rel and c-Myc expression and protection of WEHI 231 cells from TGFβ1-mediated apoptosis. Ectopic c-Myc expression overrode apoptosis induced by TGFβ1. Thus, downmodulation of NF-κB/Rel reduces c-Myc expression, which leads to apoptosis in these immature B cell models of clonal deletion. The inhibition of NF-κB/Rel activity represents a novel TGFβ signaling mechanism.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes: sampling criteria and aerosol characterization

This study intends to develop protocols for sampling and characterizing multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) aerosols in workplaces or during inhalation studies. Manufactured dry powder containing MWCNT’s, combined with soot and metal catalysts, form complex morphologies and diverse shapes. The aerosols, examined in this study, were produced using an acoustical generator. Representative samples were collected from an exposure chamber using filters and a cascade impactor for microscopic and gravimetric analyses. Results from filters showed that a density of 0.008–0.10 particles per µm2 filter surface provided adequate samples for particle counting and sizing. Microscopic counting indicated that MWCNT’s, resuspended at a concentration of 10 mg/m3, contained 2.7 × 104 particles/cm3. Each particle structure contained an average of 18 nanotubes, resulting in a total of 4.9 × 105 nanotubes/cm3. In addition, fibrous particles within the aerosol had a count median length of 3.04 µm and a width of 100.3 nm, while ...
Growth hormone response to growth hormone releasing hormone in depression and schizophrenia.

Abstract Growth hormone releasing hormone, a 44-amino acid peptide (GHRH-44), was administered (1 mug/kg i.v.) to 6 normal controls, 10 schizophrenic subjects, and 7 depressed subjects. A significantly lower growth hormone (GH) response was found in the schizophrenic and depressed groups. Two molecular forms of GH, 22K GH and 20K GH, were also measured but did not further differentiate the three groups of subjects.
Isolation, primary structure and synthesis of leucomyosuppressin, an insect neuropeptide that inhibits spontaneous contractions of the cockroach hindgut

Abstract 1. A neuropeptide that inhibits spontaneous contractions of the isolated cockroach hindgut was purified from head extracts of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae . 2. The inability of aminopeptidase M to degrade the peptide and the presence of glutamic acid in the hydrolysate suggested N -terminal blocking by pyroglutamic acid. The N -terminal p Glu was removed enzymatically and the unblocked fragment was sequenced with an automated peptide sequencer. 3. The structure determined ( p Glu-Asp-Val-Asp-His-Val-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH 2 ) was synthesized and shown to be both chemically and biologically identical with the natural product. 4. Leucomyosuppressin is the first inhibitory neuropeptide isolated and structurally identified from an insect source.
Testing the Feasibility of Unmediated Document Delivery Services with EBSCOdoc: The Utah State University Experience

ABSTRACT Utah Slate University Library examined the feasibility of providing unmediated document delivery services using EBSCOdoc to ten faculty members at USU in the Spring of 1996. EBSCOdoc was selected for the supplier because of the large number of journal titles available. The participants were able to order articles on the WWW, or by fax. Articles were delivered directly to the faculty. After the pilot project, the faculty were asked to complete a survey, that would evaluate the services provided by EBSCOdoc. Survey results identified the strengths of EBSCOdoc as ease of ordering and timely delivery. Some faculty were unsatisfied with the quality of faxing.
Sex Bias in the Care of Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

To the Editor: The article by Mark et al. (April 21 issue)1 provides further evidence of variability in the diagnostic evaluation of women and men with known or suspected coronary artery disease. O...
Adaptive immunity in mice lacking the β2-adrenergic receptor

The beta-2-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) is expressed by most lymphocyte populations and binds the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE). Stimulation of the beta(2)AR is reported to be the primary mechanism by which signals from the sympathetic nervous system influence both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. We report here that body/organ weights, lymphoid organ cell number/phenotype/histology, the contact sensitivity response, and the amount, avidity, and isotype of antibody resulting from a T cell-dependent antibody response in beta(2)AR deficient mice (beta(2)AR-/- mice) were all similar to measures made in beta(2)AR+/+ mice. Other members of the adrenergic receptor family did not appear to compensate for the absence in beta(2)AR expression. In contrast, beta(2)AR-/- B cells cultured in vitro were unable to respond to NE in a manner similar to beta(2)AR+/+ B cells. Thus, mice in which expression of the beta(2)AR gene is defective from early development to adulthood may no longer require that NE stimulate the beta(2)AR to maintain immune homeostasis, and this may be due to a non-adrenergic mechanism that provides compensation in vivo.
Resveratrol modulates human mammary epithelial cell O-acetyltransferase, sulfotransferase, and kinase activation of the heterocyclic amine carcinogen N-hydroxy-PhIP.

Abstract Resveratrol ( trans -3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a natural antioxidant found in plants, such as grapes, that studies suggest has cancer chemopreventive activity. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on DNA binding via esterification reactions with 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b ]pyridine ( N -OH-PhIP) – a metabolite of a mammary gland carcinogen present in cooked meats. Treatment of primary cultures of human mammary epithelial cells with 50 μM resveratrol led to a decrease in PhIP-DNA adducts ranging from 31 to 69%. Using substrate-specific assays and mammary gland tissue cytosols, resveratrol inhibited PhIP-DNA adduct formation by O -acetyltransferase and sulfotransferase catalysis. Cytosols from tumor tissue and breast reduction tissue were similarly affected. Resveratrol also suppressed O -acetyltransferase and sulfotransferase activities from the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75-1. It was also observed that resveratrol stimulated ATP-dependent cytosolic activation of N -OH-PhIP in all human samples but not in mouse liver samples. In addition to resveratol's other preventive effects, the present data suggest that O -acetyltransferases and sulfotransferases may represent anti-oncogenic targets for resveratrol.
Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of papillary muscle rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction.

thrombosuction may help to achieve adequate reperfusion by mechanical means, and may also improve results of treatment with thrombolytic agents given either by intracoronary or intravenous administration. As illustrated in this case report, thrombosuction of coronary arteries may play a key role in facilitating attempts at reperfusion of total occlusions, and the procedure needs further investigation.
N-Nitrosamide-mediated Ritter-type reactions.

Benzyl cations were generated via thermolysis of N-benzyl-N-nitrosopivalamide in molten 2-R-substituted benzonitriles (R = MeO, Me, H, F, Cl, and Br). The corresponding N-2-R-benzonitrilium species, in contrast to their 4-R-benzonitrilium counterparts, underwent limited reaction with pivalate ion to form unsymmetrical diacylamines via rearrangement of their initial imidic anhydrides. The yield of diacylamines, though small, varied systematically with the nature of the R group in a manner suggesting the operation of interesting steric and/or electronic effects on the pivalate ion-nitrilium ion collapse. The ortho-substituent, though present on only one side of the benzonitrilium ion inhibits reaction at both sides via steric hindrance in the near-ground state and steric crowding in the transition state (a “persistent steric” effect). The proposed electronic effect involves a π*-acceptor agostic-type interaction between n or σ electrons (HOMO) and the π* system (LUMO) of the nitrilium ion. Additionally, in many cases, attack by water on the nitrilium ion occurred to a significantly larger extent than attack by the much more nucleophilic and positionally favored pivalate ion on the same species. This observation is interpreted in terms of the differences in the sizes and docking trajectories of both species with the nitrilium ion due to charge and charge distribution on both nucleophiles.
The role of language in preventing or ameliorating job burnout

The author advocates developing language awareness as an essential communication skill for preventing or ameliorating occupational burnout. He describes language problems that he terms allness statements, polarization, blindering, bypassing, abstraction problems, frozen evaluation, and fact-interference confusion, and links them to the prevention or remediation of job burnout.
Lateral hypothalamic lesions: Effects on pavlovian cardiac and eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit

Rabbits received either bilateral lesions of the far lateral hypothalamus (LH), or sham-operate lesions. After recovery from surgery the animals were exposed to Pavlovian conditioning in which eyeblink (EB), electromyographic (EMG), and heart rate (HR) conditioned responses (CRs) were recorded. Adaptation, acquisition and extinction training were studied. Subsequent to conditioning, free-field activity, paraorbital electric shock thresholds, and HR unconditioned responses (URs) were measured. At the end of behavioral testing forebrain norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) concentrations were assessed. Animals with LH lesions did not differ from controls on EB responding during either adaptation or acquisition. However, lesioned animals revealed more EB CRs during extinction than control animals. EMG CRs were minimal in both groups of animals. Lesioned animals showed smaller HR changes than control animals during all phases of training, although HR CRs tended to consist of bradycardia in all animals. No differences were observed in either shock thresholds or open field activity as a result of LH lesions. Cortical and hippocampal 5-HT and NE concentrations were significantly depleted in lesioned as compared to control animals. These findings were interpreted within the framework of the phasic control of attention by midbrain modulation of forebrain structures; however, the interruption of downward going fibers which mediate brain stem cardiac control cannot be ruled out.
Automatic control of mechanical ventilation. Part 2: the existing techniques and future trends.

The major automatic techniques that are available in commercial ventilators are described and a discussion of the recently developed systems along with the future trends in the field is provided. The major available automatic control techniques for mechanical ventilation are analyzed and the future trends are discussed in view of today’s ICU requirements and the recently developed technologies. Several major automatic techniques are available in commercial ventilators at this time. Those techniques have been in use successfully and are accepted by clinicians. At the same time, more advanced techniques have been and continue to be developed by various researchers that are designed for more aggressive use of automation in control of ventilation and oxygenation in different phases of ventilatory treatment. Automatic control of mechanical ventilation can significantly improve patient care in the ICUs, reduce the mortality and morbidity rates associated with provision of inappropriate ventilatory treatments, and reduce healthcare costs. Development of more effective and robust systems that can have high noise immunity and provide effective treatment to patients automatically in different phases of treatment will likely gain increasing momentum in the years to come.
Life Span Adult Faces: Norms for Age, Familiarity, Memorability, Mood, and Picture Quality

Because faces are frequently used as stimuli in cognitive aging behavioral and neuroimaging studies, there is a need for a normed set of pictures reflecting age and ethnic diversity. Minear and Park (2004, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 630-633) provided a large database of face pictures from average, ethnically diverse individuals across the adult life span. The current study evaluated 180 pictures from that database. One hundred and eight participants (mean age 23) rated each picture on specific attributes: perceived age, familiarity of appearance, mood, memorability, and image quality. Because the pictures did not differ in any of the measured attributes, the authors provide three balanced sets of face stimuli to researchers desiring normed face stimuli free from age confounds.
Effect of gold salts and other drugs on the release and activity of lysosomal hydrolases.

Acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, phen-ylbutazone, gold thiomalate and gold thioglucose had no protective effect on the release of hydrolases from lysosomes. Only the gold compounds produced a marked inhibition of acid phosphatase, /8-glucuronidase and cathepsin, obtained from both rabbit liver lysosomes and human synovial fluid. This inhibition is reversible by the addition of a sulfhydryl compound. It is suggested that a possible mechanism of gold action in rheumatoid arthritis is the inhibition of intra-articular hydrolases.
Searching today for tomorrow's mates

Abstract Competitive mate searching is predicted to favour male perceptiveness and spatial ability. These traits, in combination, could be especially useful if searching males routinely encounter females of varying reproductive states. Specifically, if males can (1) anticipate when certain females will become fertilizable and (2) relocate individual females, then mate searching may be a highly sophisticated process. Experimental results indicate that male thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, possess such abilities. Interactions between males and focal females were observed for a day; each female was then temporarily removed from her activity range the next morning, before she could be contacted by males. Male reactions to the removal of a female hinged on her reproductive state: males searched more persistently and extensively for removed females that were in oestrus than for females that were not. These results demonstrate that one component of competitive mate searching is acquiring advance information about female reproductive state and location, which then is used to assign priorities for seeking particular females at competitively profitable times in the future.
Detecting sky and vegetation in outdoor images

Developing semantic indices into large image databases is a challenging and important problem in content-based image retrieval. We address the problem of detecting objects in an image based on color and texture features. Specifically, we consider the following two problems of detecting sky and vegetation in outdoor images. An image is divided into 16 X 16 sub-blocks and color, texture, and position features are extracted form every sub-block. We demonstrate how a small set of codebook vectors, extracted from every sub- block. We demonstrate how a small set of codebook vectors, extracted from a learning vector quantizer, can be used to estimate the class-conditional densities of the low-level observed feature needed for the Bayesian methodology. The sky and vegetation detectors have been trained on over 400 color images from the Corel database. We achieve classification accuracies of over 94 percent for both the classifiers on the training data. We are currently extending our evaluation to a larger database of 1,700 images.
The Performance of Corporate Alliances: Evidence from Oil and Gas Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract I use data on oil and gas drilling in the Gulf of Mexico to measure how a corporate alliance—a group of firms that jointly develops an offshore tract—performs relative to a solo firm. I employ a regression discontinuity strategy based on bids in first-price sealed-bid auctions for the rights to develop leases. By focusing on leases where one organizational form narrowly outbids the other, I measure drilling outcomes while controlling for the endogenous matching of projects and organizational forms. Solo firm leases are less profitable than alliance leases because alliance members combine their information and expertise.
IMRT planning and delivery incorporating daily dose from mega-voltage cone-beam computed tomography imaging.

The technology of online mega-voltage cone-beam (CB) computed tomography (MV-CBCT) imaging is currently used in many institutions to generate a 3D anatomical dataset of a patient in treatment position. It utilizes an accelerator therapy beam, delivered with 200 deg. gantry rotation, and captured by an electronic portal imager to account for organ motion and setup variations. Although the patient dose exposure from a single volumetric MV-CBCT imaging procedure is comparable to that from standard double-exposure orthogonal portal images, daily image localization procedures can result in a significant dose increase to healthy tissue. A technique to incorporate the daily dose, from a MV-CBCT imaging procedure, in the IMRT treatment planning optimization process was developed. A composite IMRT plan incorporating the total dose from the CB was optimized with the objective of ensuring uniform target coverage while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. One head and neck cancer patient and four prostate cancer patients were planned and treated using this technique. Dosimetric results from the prostate IMRT plans optimized with or without CB showed similar target coverage and comparable sparing of bladder and rectum volumes. Average mean doses were higher by 1.6{+-}1.0 Gy for the bladder and comparable for the rectum (-0.3{+-}1.4 Gy).more » In addition, an average mean dose increase of 1.9{+-}0.8 Gy in the femoral heads and 1.7{+-}0.6 Gy in irradiated tissue was observed. However, the V{sub 65} and V{sub 70} values for bladder and rectum were lower by 2.3{+-}1.5% and 2.4{+-}2.1% indicating better volume sparing at high doses with the optimized plans incorporating CB. For the head and neck case, identical target coverage was achieved, while a comparable sparing of the brain stem, optic chiasm, and optic nerves was observed. The technique of optimized planning incorporating doses from daily online MV-CBCT procedures provides an alternative method for imaging IMRT patients. It allows for daily treatment modifications where other volumetric tomographic imaging techniques may not be feasible and/or available and where accurate patient localization with a high degree of precision is required.« less
Scattered cardinal Hermite interpolation by positive definite functions

Abstract We study the problem of scattered cardinal Hermite interpolation and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the interpolation scheme.
A bioreactor for in-cell protein NMR.

Abstract The inside of the cell is a complex environment that is difficult to simulate when studying proteins and other molecules in vitro. We have developed a device and system that provides a controlled environment for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments involving living cells. Our device comprises two main parts, an NMR detection region and a circulation system. The flow of medium from the bottom of the device pushes alginate encapsulated cells into the circulation chamber. In the chamber, the exchange of oxygen and nutrients occurs between the media and the encapsulated cells. When the media flow is stopped, the encapsulated cells fall back into the NMR detection region, and spectra can be acquired. We have utilized the bioreactor to study the expression of the natively disordered protein α-synuclein, inside Escherichia coli cells.
Possible Instability for Shear-Induced Order-Disorder Transition

A simple fluid in uniform isothermal shear flow is studied for conditions used in recent nonequilibrium computer simulations. The short-time dynamics for the local conserved densities is found to be unstable at large shear rates for wave vectors near the peak of the structure factor. The critical shear rates obtained are similar to those for an order-disorder transition observed in the computer simulations.
The dynamic relationship between the federal funds rate and the Eurodollar rates under interest‐rate targeting

Purpose – Previous literature for the relations between the market interest rates and the targeted or target rate of the Federal Reserve paid little attention to Eurodollar market rates. The present paper attempts to fill this void.Design/methodology/approach – The study investigates the dynamic relationship between the federal funds rate and three short‐term Eurodollar deposits rates. Cointegration analysis is utilized to examine the long‐run relationships between the short‐run dynamics of the market and targeted rates through a vector error‐correction mechanism.Findings – The study shows strong evidence that, while the Eurodollar rates and the federal funds rate move together over time regardless of procedural differences in targeting, how they co‐move, especially how they adjust toward long‐run equilibrium, appears to be related to the targeting procedural changes.Research limitations/implications – Further research should be conducted for the theoretical analysis of strategic interactions between the ...
Hypoglycosylated E-cadherin promotes the assembly of tight junctions through the recruitment of PP2A to adherens junctions.

Epithelial cell-cell adhesion is controlled by multiprotein complexes that include E-cadherin-mediated adherens junctions (AJs) and ZO-1-containing tight junctions (TJs). Previously, we reported that reduction of E-cadherin N-glycosylation in normal and cancer cells promoted stabilization of AJs through changes in the composition and cytoskeletal association of E-cadherin scaffolds. Here, we show that enhanced interaction of hypoglycosylated E-cadherin-containing AJs with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) represents a mechanism for promoting TJ assembly. In MDCK cells, attenuation of cellular N-glycosylation with siRNA to DPAGT1, the first gene in the N-glycosylation pathway, reduced N-glycosylation of surface E-cadherin and resulted in increased recruitment of stabilizing proteins γ-catenin, α-catenin, vinculin and PP2A to AJs. Greater association of PP2A with AJs correlated with diminished binding of PP2A to ZO-1 and claudin-1 and with increased pools of serine-phosphorylated ZO-1 and claudin-1. More ZO-1 was found in complexes with occludin and claudin-1, and this corresponded to enhanced transepithelial resistance (TER), indicating physiological assembly of TJs. Similar maturation of AJs and TJs was detected after transfection of MDCK cells with the hypoglycosylated E-cadherin variant, V13. Our data indicate that E-cadherin N-glycans coordinate the maturity of AJs with the assembly of TJs by affecting the association of PP2A with these junctional complexes.
PHOSPHORUS AND MANGANESE INTERACTIONS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH ZINC IN CHELATOR-BUFFERED SOLUTION GROWN RUSSET BURBANK POTATO

Manganese (Mn)- and zinc (Zn)-driven antagonistic interactions with high available phosphorus (P) can result in negative impacts on potato cropping systems. Two chelator-buffered hydroponic experiments were conducted with Russet Burbank potato to elucidate P and Mn relationships and associated interactions with Zn. In both experiments, a P concentration decline in new shoots, old shoots, and roots resulted as solution Mn changed from deficient to sufficient followed by a P concentration rise as solution Mn changed to excessive concentrations. New and old shoot Zn concentrations generally increased with augmented solution Mn in the variable Mn experiment, but no significant changes were found in root Zn contents. Available Mn was observed to control plant P concentrations and to influence Zn uptake and translocation; thus, Mn has considerable impact on uptake and distribution of P and Zn and on P-Zn interactions in potato.
Aluminum and Ni–silicide lateral reactions

The Al–Ni2Si reactions were studied in lateral diffusion couples containing Al islands on Ni–Si multiple layers. The samples were first in situ annealed in a transmission electron microscope at a temperature of 370°C for 5 min to form the Ni2Si phase in the multiple-layer area. Then they were in situ annealed at temperatures ranging from 498–545 °C. During the second-step anneal, a sequential formation of Al3Ni, Al3Ni2, and Ni3Si2 was observed. After the nucleation of the third phase (Ni3Si2), the three phases grew simultaneously with time. The lateral growth of Al3Ni and Al3Ni2 is a result of the Al diffusion and the Al–Ni silicide reactions; the lateral growth of Ni3Si2 is caused by the diffusion of Si atoms dissociated from the silicides.
Fate of Germ Cells in 2,5-Hexanedione-Induced Testicular Injury: II. Atrophy Persists Due to a Reduced Stem Cell Mass and Ongoing Apoptosis

The Sertoli cell toxicant 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) causes irreversible testicular atrophy in rats. After toxicant exposure, only Sertoli cells, stem cells, and a few spermatogonia remain in the seminiferous epithelium. In this study, the number, type, and fate of the remaining germ cells were determined. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 1% 2,5-HD in drinking water for 5 weeks and then sacrificed 12 or 40 weeks after the start of exposure. Cell counts determined that the stem cell population was diminished in size, but made up a significant portion of the remaining germ cells. The remaining germ cells were primarily type A spermatogonia. Modeling of spermatogonial divisions suggested that most spermatogonia undergo degeneration at the level of type A3spermatogonia after 2,5-HD-induced atrophy. Apoptosis was demonstrated to occur in the remaining germ cells by nuclear morphology andin situanalysis of DNA fragmentation. Quantitation indicated that apoptosis occurred in a majority of stem cell progeny. We conclude that the irreversibility of 2,5-HD-induced testicular injury results from the reduced size of the stem cell population as well as a block in germ cell development at the level of type A spermatogonia.
Computer-Aided-Design Research at the Ge Microelectronics Center

In late 1980, the GE Microelectronics Center (MEC) was established to develop a proprietary gate array program for infusing JC technology into GE products. One team developed a CAD system helping engineers through the complete design cycle from circuit description capture and simulation to layout, post-layout simulation, processing, and test. Another team developed a gate array CMOS process at the 1 ? fabrication facility in North Carolina's Research Triangle Park opened in June 1982.
A review of the subgenus Armatobalanus Hoek (Cirripedia: Thoracica), with the description of a new species from the California Coast

Balanus (Armatobalanus) nefrens n. sp. is described from specimens found embedded in the coenosteum of the hydrocorals Allopora californica Verrill and Errinopora pourtalesi (Dall). Specimens were ...
Statistical mechanical test of mhemhs model of the interaction third virial coefficients

Abstract The proposed MHEMHS model for the interaction third virial coefficients by McGregor et al. is tested using statistical mechanical expressions for these coefficients. The reasons for its accuracy in different ranges of temperature and density is investigated.
Analysis of ciliary band formation in the mollusc Ilyanassa obsoleta

Two primary ciliary bands, the prototroch and metatroch, are required for locomotion and in the feeding larvae of many spiralians. The metatroch has been reported to have different cellular origins in the molluscs Crepidula fornicata and Ilyanassa obsoleta, as well as in the annelid Polygordius lacteus, consistent with multiple independent origins of the spiralian metatroch. Here, we describe in further detail the cell lineage of the ciliary bands in the gastropod mollusc I. obsoleta using intracellular lineage tracing and the expression of an acetylated tubulin antigen that serves as a marker for ciliated cells. We find that the I. obsoleta metatroch is formed primarily by third quartet derivatives as well as a small number of second quartet derivatives. These results differ from the described metatrochal lineage in the mollusc C. fornicata that derives solely from the second quartet or the metatrochal lineage in the annelid P. lacteus that derives solely from the third quartet. The present study adds to a growing body of literature concerning the evolution of the metatroch and the plasticity of cell fates in homologous micromeres in spiralian embryos.
Recent evidence from scandinavia on deterring alcohol impaired driving

This paper summarizes the results of a number of studies of the effectiveness of control of drunken driving in Norway and Sweden. Econometric techniques are used for these evaluations within a simultaneous systems framework that takes account of variations in law enforcement effort, levels of alcohol consumption, and environmental effects that include indices of distance driven, vehicle mix and/or traffic density, and road quality. Effectiveness is measured in terms of the impact on fatal and serious injury accidents. Both cross-section and time series analyses have been conducted for periods in which legal statutes have remained relatively unchanged. Across all of the data sets involved there is a substantial unanimity supporting the hypothesis that increases in alcohol consumption levels are associated with higher accident levels and increases in law enforcement effort leading to a greater probability of sanctions will result in lower levels of fatal and serious injury accidents than would otherwise prevail.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the hepatobiliary system: report of MR imaging appearance in four patients.

The purpose of this report is to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of hepatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). Two observers retrospectively analyzed images from six MR imaging examinations in four consecutive patients. Tumor location, size, extent, morphology, and number; signal intensity on nonenhanced images; enhancement pattern on serial gadolinium-enhanced images; duct wall thickness; and presence of biliary dilatation, vascular invasion, and lymphadenopathy were assessed. MR imaging findings were compared with histologic findings. On MR images, hepatic IMT manifested as a masslike lesion in two patients and an area of periportal soft-tissue infiltration in three; one patient had both patterns. Because periportal infiltration is a common feature in both IMT and other malignant tumors of the porta hepatis, histologic examination should be considered before diagnosis and treatment. © RSNA, 2003
Carbon dioxide laser vaporization of lymphangioma circumscriptum

Lymphangioma circumscriptum consists of persistent localized or diffuse, grouped, translucent vesicles of the skin. Surgical removal of extensive lymphangioma circumscriptum is frequently unsuccessful and is characterized by rapid regrowth. We describe our results with the use of the carbon dioxide laser in a vaporization mode to successfully ablate superficial cutaneous lesions in seven patients with lymphangioma circumscriptum.
Recognition of upper airway and surrounding structures at MRI in pediatric PCOS and OSAS

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is common in obese children with risk being 4.5 fold compared to normal control subjects. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) has recently been shown to be associated with OSAS that may further lead to significant cardiovascular and neuro-cognitive deficits. We are investigating image-based biomarkers to understand the architectural and dynamic changes in the upper airway and the surrounding hard and soft tissue structures via MRI in obese teenage children to study OSAS. At the previous SPIE conferences, we presented methods underlying Fuzzy Object Models (FOMs) for Automatic Anatomy Recognition (AAR) based on CT images of the thorax and the abdomen. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the AAR approach is applicable to a different body region and image modality combination, namely in the study of upper airway structures via MRI. FOMs were built hierarchically, the smaller sub-objects forming the offspring of larger parent objects. FOMs encode the uncertainty and variability present in the form and relationships among the objects over a study population. Totally 11 basic objects (17 including composite) were modeled. Automatic recognition for the best pose of FOMs in a given image was implemented by using four methods – a one-shot method that does not require search, another three searching methods that include Fisher Linear Discriminate (FLD), a b-scale energy optimization strategy, and optimum threshold recognition method. In all, 30 multi-fold cross validation experiments based on 15 patient MRI data sets were carried out to assess the accuracy of recognition. The results indicate that the objects can be recognized with an average location error of less than 5 mm or 2-3 voxels. Then the iterative relative fuzzy connectedness (IRFC) algorithm was adopted for delineation of the target organs based on the recognized results. The delineation results showed an overall FP and TP volume fraction of 0.02 and 0.93.
The impact of writing assignments on accounting students' writing skills

Abstract Poor writing skills have been cited frequently as a major deficiency of accounting graduates. This study is the first in accounting education to provide empirical results concerning the impact of writing assignments on writing skills. In a study conducted over a two-semester period, writing assignments were integrated into two upper-level accounting courses, intermediate financial accounting and auditing, and writing consultants were utilized to assist in evaluating students' assignments. To detect and measure writing improvement, a multiple-choice writing skills test was used in the financial accounting course while holisticly scored essay quizzes were given in the auditing course. In both cases the empirical evidence supported the assertion that writing assignments enhanced accounting students' writing skills.
Inheritance of hydrocarbons in subspecific big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) hybrids

Abstract Volatile compounds of the subspecies tridentata and vaseyana of Artemisia tridentata along with their F 2 s hybrids were characterized and identified. These compounds segregated in the F 2 s. Methacrolein and thujone characterize ssp. tridentata ; camphene, camphor, and 1,8-cineole characterize ssp. vaseyana . Results of this study taken together with previous work suggest that low values for the bitter volatile methacrolein might be combined with high biomass and nutritive quality characteristics from hybrid progeny.
Hydrogeologic Constraint on the origin of deep subsurface microorganisms within a Triassic Basin

The thermal history of the Taylorsville basin indicates that the thermophilic anaerobic bacteria extracted from Triassic strata at 2800 m below the land surface within the basin probably migrated to their current location. In order to ascertain the most probable scenario for microbial transport, a two-dimensional transient fluid flow and heat transport model of the Taylorsville basin was developed using the finite element method. The numerical model was constrained by tectonic and thermal histories of the basin, coupled with the permeability and porosity data extracted from core samples. The model demonstrates that a topographically driven groundwater flow system, caused by the tectonic uplift and erosion during the Jurassic, can explain the observed differential cooling of the basin. The computed groundwater flow rates during this period were on the order of 1 to 100 mm/yr. Combined with the cooling history of the microbially sampled strata, such rates provided a possible mechanism for the introduction of ancient surface or subsurface microorganisms to the deep subsurface. This tectogenetic mechanism may explain the origins of deep subsurface microorganisms for other regions of the Earth.
Association between perceived union connection and upper body musculoskeletal pains among unionized construction apprentices.

Background Several studies show varying associations between unionization and workers' health and well-being. This study investigated the association between individual worker's perceived union connection and musculoskeletal pains (MSPs). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1,757 unionized construction apprentices. Perceived union connection is a psychosocial scale measured by six questions that assessed individual worker's connection to their union (range 10–24) at unionized workplaces. We measured the prevalence of four MSPs (neck, shoulder, arm, and back pain) and difficulty in daily home activities, job activities, and sleeping caused by each of the four MSPs. Results We found that a one score increase in perceived union connection was associated with 5% decreased odds of reporting neck pain (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–1.00) and back pain (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99) after adjusting for confounders including self-reported ergonomic strain. We also found significant associations between perceived union connection and MSPs causing difficulty in daily activities. For a one score increase in perceived union connection, the odds of reporting back pain causing difficulty in home activities, job activities, and sleeping was 9% (95% CI: 0.87–0.96), 8% (95% CI: 0.88–0.96), and 7% (95% CI: 0.89–0.98) lower, respectively. Conclusions Although our findings are limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data, these results suggest that workers' perceived union connection can vary even within unionized workplaces, and it may be associated with the prevalence of MSPs and MSPs causing difficulty in daily activities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:189–196, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Raising of Discrete Levels into the Far Continuum

Broad peaks observed in the photoabsorption spectra of rare earths \ensuremath{\sim}10-20 eV above the $4d$ edge are attributed to transitions $4{d}^{10}4{f}^{N}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4{d}^{9}4{f}^{N+1}$. Exchange interaction splits the $4{d}^{9}4{f}^{N+1}$ configuration and raises some multiplets by \ensuremath{\sim}20 eV. Autoionization to $4{d}^{9}\ensuremath{-}4{f}^{N}\ensuremath{\epsilon}f$ broadens the high levels. The interpretation extends to $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d$ processes observed in the absorption of synchrotron light by transition elements.
Sequential procedures for monltoring the parameters of the autoregressive model relative to unspecified targets

Sequential procedures are developed for monitoring the parameters of a time dependent autoregressive model relative to unspecified targets. Such a problem arises when we need to monitor the parameters for changes from their unknown initial values (the unspecified targets), instead of from specified targets. For this purpose, scores type statistics are proposed which: (1) reflect changes in the parameters from their initial values without requiring any input about these values; and (2) are aimed at detecting arbitrary shifts in the parameters, instead of at restrictive "one point" shift alternatives. The procedures developed are capable of monitoring any one of, or any combination of, the mean, variance or correlation structure of an autoregressive sequence of known finite order. Their false signal rates are controlled, and their performance under local shift
Evidence that the type I adenylyl cyclase may be important for neuroplasticity: Mutant mice deficient in the gene for type I adenylyl cyclase show altered behavior and LTP

The regulatory properties of the neurospecific, type I adenylyl cyclase and its distribution within brain have suggested that this enzyme may be important for neuroplasticity. To address this issue, the murine, Ca 2+ -stimulated adenylyl cyclase (type I), was inactivated by targeted mutagenesis. Ca 2+ -stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was reduced 40% to 60% in the hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum. Long term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus from mutants was perturbed relative to controls. Both the initial slope and maxim um extent of changes in synaptic response were reduced. Although mutant mice learned to find a hidden platform normally in the Morris water task, they did not display a preference for the region where the platform had been when it was removed. The behavioral phenotype of these mice is very similar to that exhibited by mice which have been surgically lesioned in the hippocampus. These results indicate that disruption of the gene for the type I adenylyl cyclase produces changes in spatial memory and indicate that the cAMP signal transduction pathway may play an important role for synaptic plasticity.