cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
R-Matrix Structure of Hitchin System in Tyurin Parameterization

We present a classical r-matrix for the Hitchin system without marked points on an arbitrary non-degenerate algebraic curve of genus g≥2 using Tyurin parameterization of holomorphic vector bundles.
A decomposition approach for commodity pickup and delivery with time-windows under uncertainty

We consider a special class of large-scale, network-based, resource allocation problems under uncertainty, namely that of multi-commodity flows with time-windows under uncertainty. In this class, we focus on problems involving commodity pickup and delivery with time-windows. Our work examines methods of proactive planning, that is, robust plan generation to protect against future uncertainty. By a priori modeling uncertainties in data corresponding to service times, resource availability, supplies and demands, we generate solutions that are more robust operationally, that is, more likely to be executed or easier to repair when disrupted. We propose a novel modeling and solution framework involving a decomposition scheme that separates problems into a routing master problem and Scheduling Sub-Problems; and iterates to find the optimal solution. Uncertainty is captured in part by the master problem and in part by the Scheduling Sub-Problem. We present proof-of-concept for our approach using real data involving routing and scheduling for a large shipment carrier's ground network, and demonstrate the improved robustness of solutions from our approach.
Natural Convection with Thermocapillary and Gravity Modulation Effects in Low-Gravity Environments

The characteristics of natural convection in a rectangular cavity with simultaneous thermocapillary and gravity modulation effects have been studied numerically. Because of the practical applications, the simulation focuses on low-Prandtl-n umber and zero-gravity situations. The two-dimensional, time-dependent NavierStokes and energy equations are numerically integrated by a semi-implicit time-splitting method. For a specific Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, and Marangoni number, the problem is investigated for different modulation frequencies and directions. From the results, it can be concluded that thermocapillarity seriously affected the flowfield, especially in high-frequency cases.
CONJUGATE POINTS IN STADIUM AND CIRCLE BILLIARDS

In the semiclassical approximation of the Green's function, the Maslov index is obtained by counting the number of conjugate points along classical orbits. We prove that if an orbit starts from the boundary of a stadium or a circle billiard, a conjugate point can never land on the boundary and that there is a conjugate point after a bounce off the boundary if and only if the bounce occurs on a curved side. We demonstrate exceptions to this simple rule when the orbit starts from the interior of the billiard domain. These results are useful for semiclassical calculations involving stadium and circle billiards.
Enhanced Electromodulation of Infrared Transmittance in Semitransparent Films of Large Diameter Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report a comprehensive study of the gate-induced electromodulated transmittance of infrared light by single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films. The observed electromodulation is significantly enhanced by utilizing large diameter SWNTs, increasing the ratio of semiconducting to metal SWNTs, and by decreasing the SWNT film thickness. The amplitude of the effect reported herein (∼7%) is more than an order of magnitude larger than in previous SWNT thin film solid state devices.
RAPID DISSIPATION OF PRIMORDIAL GAS FROM THE AU MICROSCOPII DEBRIS DISK

The disk around AU Microscopii, an M1 star in the ? Pictoris moving group, is extraordinarily well suited for comparison with the ? Pic debris disk (type A5 V). We use far-UV absorption spectroscopy of AU Mic to probe its edge-on disk for small amounts of H2, the primary constituent of gas giant planets. Our conservative upper limit on the line-of-sight H2 column density is 1.7 ? 1019 cm-2, which is 18.5 times lower than the limit obtained recently from nondetection of submillimeter CO emission by Liu et al. In addition, there is a hint of H2 absorption at a column density an order of magnitude or more below our upper limit. The H2-to-dust ratio in the AU Mic disk is less than 6?:?1, similar to that in the ? Pic disk. This shows that the primordial gas has largely been dissipated in less than about 12 Myr for both disks, despite their very different stellar masses and luminosities. It is extremely difficult to form a giant planet around AU Mic with current core accretion scenarios in such a short time.
Photochemical rearrangements of quinone monoketals. Synthesis of substituted cyclopentenones

Abstract The irradiation of quinone ethylene monoketals in acetic acid leads in high yield to substituted 4-(alkoxycarbonyl) cyclopentenones.
Frequency–wavenumber domain filtering for improved damage visualization

This paper presents a technique for the analysis of full wavefield data in the wavenumber/frequency domain as an effective tool for damage detection, visualization and characterization. Full wavefield data contain a wealth of information regarding the space and time variation of propagating waves in damaged structural components. Such information can be used to evaluate the response spectrum in the frequency/wavenumber domain, which effectively separates incident waves from reflections caused by discontinuities encountered along the wave paths. This allows removing the injected wave from the overall response through simple filtering strategies, thus highlighting the presence of reflections associated with damage. The concept is first illustrated on analytical and numerically simulated data, and then tested on experimental results. In the experiments, full wavefield measurements are conveniently obtained using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, which allows the detection of displacements and/or velocities over a user-defined grid, and it is able to provide the required spatial and time information in a timely manner. Tests performed on a simple aluminum plate with artificially seeded slits simulating longitudinal cracks, and on a disbonded tongue and groove joint, show the effectiveness of the technique and its potentials for the inspection of a variety of structural components.
Synthesis of 3S-Pyrrolidinol from L-Glutamic Acid

Abstract A practical synthesis of 3S-pyrrolidinol and derivatives from L-glutamic acid is described.
Thermal signatures of tether-cutting reconnections in pre-eruption coronal flux ropes: hot central voids in coronal cavities

Using a three-dimensional MHD simulation, we model the quasi-static evolution and the onset of eruption of a coronal flux rope. The simulation begins with a twisted flux rope emerging at the lower boundary and pushing into a pre-existing coronal potential arcade field. At a chosen time the emergence is stopped with the lower boundary taken to be rigid. Then the coronal flux rope settles into a quasi-static rise phase during which an underlying, central sigmoid-shaped current layer forms along the so-called hyperbolic flux tube (HFT), a generalization of the X-line configuration. Reconnections in the dissipating current layer effectively add twisted flux to the flux rope and thus allow it to rise quasi-statically, even though the magnetic energy is decreasing as the system relaxes. We examine the thermal features produced by the current layer formation and the associated 'tether-cutting' reconnections as a result of heating and field aligned thermal conduction. It is found that a central hot, low-density channel containing reconnected, twisted flux threading under the flux rope axis forms on top of the central current layer. When viewed in the line of sight roughly aligned with the hot channel (which is roughly along the neutral line), the central current layermore » appears as a high-density vertical column with upward extensions as a {sup U-}shaped dense shell enclosing a central hot, low-density void. Such thermal features have been observed within coronal prominence cavities. Our MHD simulation suggests that they are the signatures of the development of the HFT topology and the associated tether-cutting reconnections, and that the central void grows and rises with the reconnections, until the flux rope reaches the critical height for the onset of the torus instability and dynamic eruption ensues.« less
Can dynamic contact angle be measured using molecular modeling

A method is presented for determining the dynamic contact angle at the three-phase contact between a solid, a liquid, and a vapor under an applied force, using molecular simulation. The method is demonstrated using a Lennard-Jones fluid in contact with a cylindrical shell of the fcc Lennard-Jones solid. Advancing and receding contact angles and the contact angle hysteresis are reported for the first time by this approach. The increase in force required to wet fully an array of solid cylinders (robustness) with decreasing separation distance between cylinders is evaluated. The dynamic contact angle is characterized by partial slipping of the three phase contact line when a force is applied.
Berezin transforms on noncommutative varieties in polydomains

Abstract Let Q be a set of polynomials in noncommutative indeterminates Z i , j , i ∈ { 1 , … , k } , j ∈ { 1 , … , n i } . In this paper, we study noncommutative varieties V Q ( H ) : = { X = { X i , j } ∈ D ( H ) : g ( X ) = 0 for all g ∈ Q } , where D ( H ) is a regular polydomain in B ( H ) n 1 + ⋯ + n k and B ( H ) is the algebra of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space H . Under natural conditions on Q , we show that there is a universal model S = { S i , j } such that g ( S ) = 0 , g ∈ Q , acting on a subspace of a tensor product of full Fock spaces. We characterize the variety V Q ( H ) and its pure part in terms of the universal model and a class of completely positive linear maps. We obtain a characterization of those elements in V Q ( H ) which admit characteristic functions and prove that the characteristic function is a complete unitary invariant for the class of completely non-coisometric elements. We study the universal model S, its joint invariant subspaces and the representations of the universal operator algebras it generates: the variety algebra A ( V Q ) , the Hardy algebra F ∞ ( V Q ) , and the C ⁎ -algebra C ⁎ ( V Q ) . Using noncommutative Berezin transforms associated with each variety, we develop an operator model theory and dilation theory for large classes of varieties in noncommutative polydomains. This includes various commutative cases which are closely connected to the theory of holomorphic functions in several complex variables and algebraic geometry.
Attitude control for a micromechanical flying insect via sensor output feedback

In this paper, we study attitude stabilization strategies via output sensor feedback for micro aerial vehicles (MAVs), inch-size robots capable of autonomous flight. In order to compensate for the size and power limitations of MAVs, we introduce the ocelli and halteres, the body orientation and rotation sensing mechanisms used by flying insects. The analysis and simulations of these sensors show the feasibility of using such biologically inspired approaches to build biomimetic gyroscopes and angular position detectors. Finally, attitude stabilization techniques based on these sensors are proposed and successfully tested on an aerodynamic model for a micromechanical flying insect (NIFI). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt in using output feedback from biomimetic devices with ocelli and halteres to achieve attitude stabilization in MAVs.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of nonstabilized ketone enolates to generate quaternary centers has been achieved in excellent yield and enantioselectivity. Optimized conditions consist of performing the reaction in the presence of two equivalents of LDA as base, one equivalent of trimethytin chloride as a Lewis acid, 1,2-dimethoxyethane as the solvent, and a catalytic amount of a chiral palladium complex formed from pi-allyl palladium chloride dimer 3 and cyclohexyldiamine derived chiral ligand 4. Linearly substituted, acyclic 1,3-dialkyl substituted, and unsubstituted allylic carbonates function well as electrophiles. A variety of alpha-tetralones, cyclohexanones, and cyclopentanones can be employed as nucleophiles. The absolute configuration generated is consistent with the current model in which steric factors control stereofacial differentiation. The quaternary substituted products available by this method are versatile substrates for further elaboration.
Anti-VEGF therapy as adjuvant therapy: Clouds on the horizon?

Anti-angiogenic therapies have demonstrated their value in the setting of advanced cancer, and are being explored for use in micrometastatic disease. Recent preclinical studies suggest that adjuvant anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies may increase the risk of metastasis. How concerning are these preclinical studies, and should they affect our willingness to explore anti-VEGF therapy in the adjuvant setting?
Special Isogenies and Tensor Product Multiplicities

We show that any bijection between two root systems that preserves angles (but not necessarily lengths) gives rise to inequalities relating tensor product multiplicities for the corresponding complex semisimple Lie groups (or Lie algebras). We explain the inequalities in two ways: combinatorially, using Littelmann’s Path Model, and geometrically, using isogenies between algebraic groups defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic.
Matching as a Tool to Decompose Wage Gaps

Abstract This paper presents a methodology that uses matching comparisons to explain gender wage differences. The approach emphasizes gender differences in the supports of the distributions of observable characteristics and provides insights into the distribution of unexplained gender pay differences. This nonparametric alternative to the Blinder-Oaxaca (BO) decomposition does not require the estimation of earnings equations and divides the gap into four additive elements. Two of these are analogous to the elements of the BO decomposition (but computed only over the common support of the distributions of characteristics), while the other two account for differences in the supports.
Comparison of the rates of substitution in [Ru(NH3)5H2O]3+ and [Os(NH3)5H2O]3+ by hexacyano complexes: substitution coupled to electron transfer

Abstract A comparison of the rates of substitution (in water solutions, 20 °C) in [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 H20] 3+ and [Os(NH 3 ) 5 H 2 O] 3+ by Fe(CN) 6 3− , Fe(CN) 6 4− , Ru(CN) 6 4− and Co(CN) 6 3− shows that the reaction of [Os(NH 3 ) 5 H 2 O] 3+ with Fe(CN) 6 3− is unique. Substitution in this and in the other cases takes place, as has been shown by others in earlier work, by rapid formation of ion pairs, followed by collapse of the ion pairs to inner-sphere products. For most of the systems the slight differences in the first-order rates governing inner-sphere formation can be accounted for by the tetranegative ions being more nucleophilic than the trinegative, and rates for Os(III) being somewhat slower than for Ru(III). Substitution in the special case takes place 1.5×10 3 times more rapidly than it does with Co(CN) 6 3− as entering group. The singularity of the Os(III)·Fe(III) system is ascribed to substitution coupled to 1 e − oxidation of Os(III) by Fe(III). A similar effect with [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 H 2 O] 3+ is minor because of the greater difficulty of 1 e − oxidation (a distinction which is borne out by comparison of the energies of the charge transfer spectra). In all cases but those involving Co(CN) 6 3− , strong absorption in the visible of charge transfer character is observed. In the systems with Fe(CN) 6 3− as nucleophile, interesting complications appear. On reacting with [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 H 2 O] 3+ , Fe(CN) 6 3− produces two products by parallel paths. We conclude that the product showing absorption at higher energy, S h , is [Ru III (NH 3 ) 5 ·Fe III (CN) 6 ] while that at lower energy, S 1 is [Ru IV ·Fe II (CN) 6 ]. The former is unstable with respect to the latter, and transforms to it in a process much slower than substitution. On reacting with [Os(NH 3 ) 5 H 2 O] 3+ , Fe(CN) 6 3− leads initially to two products by parallel paths: S 1 which we conclude is [Os III (NH 3 ) 5 ·Fe III (CN) 6 ] and the major product, S i (i for ‘intermediate’), which is [Os IV ·Fe II (CN) 6 ]. In this system S 1 , [Os(III)·Fe(III)], is unstable to S i , [Os(IV)·Fe(II)] which eventually dispropionates to S h and [Os(III)·Fe(II)]. In following the reactions spectrophotometrically induction periods are observed in all of the reactions involving substitution (and/of redox change) with Os(III), except for the formation of S i , the appearance of which is first order without complications. The induction periods in all cases are greatly reduced when the solutions are acidified. Out working hypothesis, to be tested in further work, is that the induction periods are caused by linkage isomerization of the bridging CN − .
Binary neutron star inspiral, LIGO, and cosmology

Recent work on the expected event rate of neutron star inspiral signals in the LIGO detector is summarized. The observed signals will be from inspirals at cosmological distances, and the important cosmological effects on the event rate and spectrum are discussed. This paper is a contribution to the proceedings of the 17th Texas Symposium held in Munich, 12-17 December 1994.
Dynamic band unblocking and leakage two-photon absorption in InSb

An experimental demonstration of a dynamic decrease of the optical band gap of bulk $n$-InSb induced by picosecond, midinfrared laser pulses is reported. This occurs as a result of laser heating of the quiescent electron distribution by free-carrier absorption. The hot electrons vacate low-energy states near the conduction-band minimum, unblocking terminal states for two-photon absorption across the band gap. This ``leakage'' two-photon absorption is detected as a consequence of changes to the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the semiconductor caused by photocarriers. The onset of dynamic band unblocking agrees with a calculation of laser-induced electron heating.
Predictors of professional nursing practice behaviors in hospital settings.

Background: Many hospital nurses perform isolated, routine tasks, rather than use their professional training, because they are subject to control by organizational and medical divisions of labor. The environment may interfere with a nurse's ability to practice autonomously and according to professional standards. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore how certain factors in the environment and personal characteristics interact to affect hospital nursing practice behaviors. Methods: The study used a nonexperimental, comparative design. Surveys were sent to a random sample of 500 nurses throughout the state of Michigan. Three instruments, measuring structural empowerment, self-efficacy for nursing practice, and professional practice behaviors, were included. Path analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: Three hundred sixty-four nurses responded (73%), of whom 251 provided usable protocols for the final analysis. Environmental factors (structural empowerment) contributed both directly to professional practice behaviors as well as indirectly through self-efficacy. Self-efficacy mainly exerted its effect as a mediator in the relationship between environmental factors and practice behaviors. Support for the proposed theoretical model was mixed, although the proposed model fit the data well (χ 2 = 11.02 [(5, N = 251), p < .05, CFI = .999, NNFI = .991, RMSEA = .069]). An alternative model emerged from the data analysis. Discussion: Nurses may practice more professionally when the environment provides opportunities and power through resources, support, and information. Self-efficacy may contribute to professional practice behaviors, especially in an environment that has the requisite factors that provide empowerment.
Gorenstein dimension of modules over homomorphisms

Abstract Given a homomorphism of commutative noetherian rings R → S and an S -module N , it is proved that the Gorenstein flat dimension of N over R , when finite, may be computed locally over S . When, in addition, the homomorphism is local and N is finitely generated over S , the Gorenstein flat dimension equals sup { m ∈ Z ∣ Tor m R ( E , N ) ≠ 0 } , where E is the injective hull of the residue field of R . This result is analogous to a theorem of Andre on flat dimension.
Hanbury Brown–Twiss interferometry for fractional and integer Mott phases

The theoretical framework of Hanbury Brown–Twiss interferometry (HBTI) is used to study integer and fractionally filled Mott insulator (MI) phases in period-2 optical superlattices. In contrast to the quasimomentum distribution, this second order interferometry pattern exhibits high contrast fringes in the insulating phases. Our detailed study of HBTI suggests that this interference pattern signals the various superfluid–insulator transitions and therefore can be used as a practical method to determine the phase diagram of the system. We find that in the presence of a confining potential the insulating phases become robust as they exist for a finite range of atom numbers. Furthermore, we show that in the trapped case, the HBTI interferogram signals the formation of the MI domains and probes the shell structure of the system.
Simplified turbulence modeling for forced vortical mixers using a kinematic wave analogy

Abstract In spite of the rapid advances in both scalar and parallel computational tools, the large number and breadth of variables involved in both design problems make the use of sophisticated fluid flow models impractical. With this restriction, it may be concluded that reduced or approximate models remain important. In this paper, semi-algebraic turbulence models that describe forced vortical interactions using a simple kinematic wave analogy are developed. Semi-algebraic refers to formulations based upon explicit solutions of associated model governing equations. These turbulence models have been employed in a combined analytic/numeric ejector-nozzle model. The numerical portion of the model uses a compact finite difference scheme to obtain high accuracy with three-point support, while the analytical sections have been developed to resolve singular behavior that is inherent to this flow. Solutions and comparison to aerodynamic nozzle data are presented to illustrate this methodology.
Applications of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency to Quantum Information Processing

Abstract We provide a broad outline of the requirements that should be met by components produced for a Quantum Information Technology (QIT) industry, and we identify electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as potentially key enabling science toward the goal of providing widely available few-qubit quantum information processing within the next decade. As a concrete example, we build on earlier work and discuss the implementation of a two-photon controlled phase gate (and, briefly, a one-photon phase gate) using the approximate Kerr nonlinearity provided by EIT. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the dependence of the performance of these gates on atomic dephasing and field detuning and intensity, and we calculate the optimum parameters needed to apply a π phase shift in a gate of a given fidelity. Although high-fidelity gate operation will be difficult to achieve with realistic system dephasing rates, the moderate fidelities that we believe will be needed for few-qubit QIT seem much more obtainable.
Portosystemic shunts in children: a 15-year experience.

Abstract Background The role of portosystemic shunt (PSS) in children with portal hypertension has changed because of acceptance of liver transplantation and endoscopic hemostasis. We report our experience with PSS, mainly the distal splenorenal shunt, to define its role in the management of variceal bleeding. Study design From 1987 to 2002, 20 children with variceal bleeding after endoscopic therapy underwent PSS. Patient and database records were reviewed. Results There were 14 boys and 6 girls; mean age was 11 years (range 3 to 18 years). Seventeen distal splenorenal and three mesocaval venous interposition shunts were performed. There was no operative mortality, 19 patients were alive at a median followup of 31 months (range 4 to 168 months) without evidence of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. One patient underwent transplantation 2 years after PSS and 1 patient died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplantation. The cause of portal hypertension was portal vein thrombosis (n = 13), biliary atresia (n = 3), congenital hepatic fibrosis (n = 2), hepatitis C cirrhosis (n = 1), and Budd-Chiari syndrome (n = 1). Eighteen children were Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A and the remaining two were class B. One patient had two episodes of hematemesis after PSS. Two patients had worsening ascites. One patient had mild encephalopathy and one patient had shunt stenosis requiring angioplasty. Conclusions PSS is a safe and durable therapy for pediatric patients with portal hypertension. Liver transplantation should be reserved for children with poor synthetic function associated with variceal bleeding. PSS may also serve as a bridge to transplantation in patients with preserved hepatic function. PSS, in particular the distal splenorenal shunt, has produced excellent results. This experience challenges the need for alternative forms of portal decompression.
High performance work systems, cultures and gender demography

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and test hypotheses about the independent relationships between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and high-performance work cultures (HPWC) and employee turnover. Given the growth of women in the workforce, the authors also develop competing predictions about how organizational gender demography (i.e. a higher percentage of women) may either strengthen or weaken the relationship of HPWSs to turnover. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 171 human resource (HR) executives across organizations of various sizes and industries in the Chicago metropolitan area in the USA was conducted. Findings – The authors found that HPWS and HPWC are associated with lower turnover, though the relationship between HPWC and turnover was stronger. Results also indicate that HPWS are more strongly related to lower turnover among organizations that employ relatively more women. Research limitations/implications – The results indicates that HPWS may not be universalistic i...
Torsion Pairs and Simple-Minded Systems in Triangulated Categories

Let 𝒯 be a Hom-finite triangulated Krull-Schmidt category over a field k. Inspired by a definition of Koenig and Liu (Q. J. Math 63(3), 653-674, 2012), we say that a family 𝒮 ⊆ 𝒯 of pairwise orthogonal bricks is a simple-minded system if its closure under extensions is all of 𝒯. We construct torsion pairs in 𝒯 associated to any subset 𝒳 of a simple-minded system 𝒮, and use these to define left and right mutations of 𝒮 relative to 𝒳. When 𝒯 has a Serre functor ν and 𝒮 and 𝒳 are invariant under ν ∘ [1], we show that these mutations are again simple-minded systems. We are particularly interested in the case where 𝒯 = mod-Λ for a self-injective algebra Λ. In this case, our mutation procedure parallels that introduced by Koenig and Yang for simple-minded collections in Db(mod-Λ) (Koenig and Yang, 2013). It follows that the mutation of the set of simple Λ-modules relative to 𝒳 yields the images of the simple Γ-modules under a stable equivalence mod-Γ → mod-Λ, where Γ is the tilting mutation of Λ relative to 𝒳.
Grope cobordism and feynman diagrams

We explain how the usual algebras of Feynman diagrams behave under the grope degree introduced in [CT]. We show that the Kontsevich integral rationally classifies grope cobordisms of knots in 3-space when the ‘‘class’’ is used to organize gropes. This implies that the grope cobordism equivalence relations are highly nontrivial in dimension 3. We also show that the class is not a useful organizing complexity in 4 dimensions since only the Arf invariant survives. In contrast, measuring gropes according to ‘‘height’’ does lead to very interesting 4-dimensional information [COT]. Finally, several low degree calculations are explained, in particular we show that S-equivalence is the same relation as grope cobordism based on the smallest tree with an internal vertex.
CORBA-Based Distributed Software Framework for the NIF Integrated Computer Control System

Abstract The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8 MJ, 500 TW, ultra-violet laser system together with a 10-meter diameter target chamber with room for nearly 100 experimental diagnostics. The NIF is operated by the Integrated Computer Control System (ICCS) which is a scalable, framework-based control system distributed over 800 computers throughout the NIF. The framework provides templates and services at multiple levels of abstraction for the construction of software applications that communicate via CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture). Object-oriented software design patterns are implemented as templates and extended by application software. Developers extend the framework base classes to model the numerous physical control points and implement specializations of common application behaviors. An estimated 140,000 software objects, each individually addressable through CORBA, will be active at full scale. Many of these objects have persistent configuration information stored in a database. The configuration data is used to initialize the objects at system start-up. Centralized server programs that implement events, alerts, reservations, data archival, name service, data access, and process management provide common system wide services. At the highest level, a model-driven, distributed shot automation system provides a flexible and scalable framework for automatic sequencing of workflow for control and monitoring of NIF shots. The shot model, in conjunction with data defining the parameters and goals of an experiment, describes the steps to be performed by each subsystem in order to prepare for and fire a NIF shot. Status and usage of this distributed framework are described.
On the bounds for the curvature and higher derivatives of the Isgur-Wise function

Abstract We discuss constraints imposed on the zero-recoil curvature and higher derivatives of the Isgur-Wise function by a general quark model. These constraints are expressed as bounds for a given slope parameter, and compared with those based upon analyticity properties of QCD spectral functions. Our results also indicate that in the analysis of the experimental data for semileptonic B → D (∗) decays it may be important to include at least the third term in the form factor expansion about the zero recoil point.
Do echocardiographic changes explain the age-associated increase in exercise-induced supraventricular arrhythmias?

Although exercise-induced supraventricular arrhythmias (EISVA) increase with advancing age, it is unclear whether age-associated changes in cardiac structure or function play a major role in this increase. To address this question, we examined the relationship between M-mode echocardiographic variables and EISVA occurring during maximal treadmill exercise in 366 healthy volunteers aged 20 to 90 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Simple (i.e., isolated) EISVA were detected in 69 subjects (19%), and complex EISVA (i.e., comprising > 10% of beats in any minute or occurring in runs) in another 29 subjects (8%). Univariate predictors of any EISVA, whether simple or complex, were older age (p < 0.0001), male gender (p < 0.05), greater left atrial size (p < 0.01), left ventricular mass index (p < 0.0001), interventricular septal thickness (p < 0.001), isovolumic relaxation time (p < 0.01), atrial filling fraction (p < 0.01), reduced mitral E-F closure slope (p < 0.001), peak E velocity (p < 0.02), and peak E/A ratio (p < 0.0001). Lesser exercise duration (p < 0.01), lower maximal heart rate (p < 0.0001), and higher peak systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.001) were also associated with EISVA. However, by multiple logistic regression analysis, age (p < 0.0001) was the only independent predictor of any EISVA. Univariate predictors of complex EISVA were greater age (p < 0.0001), and atrial filling fraction (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), lesser mitral E-F slope (p < 0.004), exercise duration (p < 0.005) and maximal heart rate (p < 0.01). However, only age (p < 0.0001) independently predicted complex EISVA. Thus, in healthy volunteers undergoing maximal treadmill exercise. EISVA are associated with greater left ventricular wall thickness, reduced early diastolic performance, diminished exercise capacity and elevated exercise blood pressure. However, none of these variables are independent predictors of EISVA over and above the powerful effect of age.
MF-Tree: Matrix Factorization Tree for Large Multi-Class Learning

Many big data applications require accurate classification of objects into one of possibly thousands or millions of categories. Such classification tasks are challenging due to issues such as class imbalance, high testing cost, and model interpretability problems. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel hierarchical learning method known as MF-Tree to efficiently classify data sets with large number of classes while simultaneously inducing a taxonomy structure that captures relationships among the classes. Unlike many other existing hierarchical learning methods, our approach is designed to optimize a global objective function. We demonstrate the equivalence between our proposed regularized loss function and the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC). The latter has a nice additive property, which allows us to decompose the multi-class learning problem into hierarchical binary classification tasks. To improve its training efficiency, an approximate algorithm for inducing MF-Tree is also proposed. We performed extensive experiments to compare MF-Tree against several state-of-the-art algorithms and showed both its effectiveness and efficiency when applied to real-world data sets.
Evolution and Color Dependence of the Galaxy Angular Correlation Function: 350,000 Galaxies in 5 Square Degrees

When applied to deep photometric catalogs, the two-point angular correlation function, ?(?), is a sensitive probe of the evolution of galaxy clustering properties. Here we present measurements of ?(?) as a function of IAB magnitude and (R - I) color to a depth of IAB = 24 on scales ? = 7''-3', using a sample of ~350,000 galaxies covering 5 deg2 in total over five separate fields. Using redshifts of 2954 galaxies in early DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey data, we construct robust galaxy redshift distributions as a function of IAB magnitude and (R - I) color for galaxies in the range 0 1.4 galaxies, as well as broad-line active galactic nuclei. We find that local blue dwarfs are relatively unclustered, with x0 = 1.6 ? 0.2 h-1 Mpc. The z > 1.4 blue galaxies have a larger clustering scale length, x0 5 h-1 Mpc.
Market closings and concentration of stock trading: an empirical analysis

We adopt a power law framework to measure the concentration of daily trading among the different stocks on the US market. Our analysis of the trends of daily concentration over the last five decades reveals that trading concentration is lower on Mondays and the day after a long weekend. These findings are supportive of the hypothesis that firms manage information release. We also find lower concentration at the end of December and in January. The results are consistent with our expectations for a stock market that comprises multiple groups of traders with unique trading behaviour and timing patterns.
Ethical challenges in the treatment of traumatized refugees

The psychological plight of the large numbers of children and families who have immigrated to new lands has received increased professional attention. Among the multiple challenges confronting therapists who work with refugees, there is a growing need to be sensitive to ethical concerns unique to this population. This article addresses three representative ethical issues encountered in clinical work with traumatized refugees: the problem of informed consent, the resolution of conflicting cultural values, and the survivor's search for the meaning of inhumanity.
t Hooft vortices and phases of large N gauge theory

It is shown that a pair of vortex and anti-vortex is completely screened in 2+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory and 3+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory in the strong coupling limit, based on the recent conjecture of Maldacena. This is consistent with the fact that these theories exhibit confinement.
Optical tests of an intelligently deformable mirror for space telescope technology

The concept of an actively deformable composite reflector is demonstrated and test verified. The objective of developing such a concept is to correct the low-order long-wavelength distortions in a space reflector. This is achieved by bonding a limited number of piezoelectric ceramic strips to the back face sheet of the reflector. A cryointerferometric test of a 0.5-m reflector with six groups of actuators was performed to verify the concept experimentally. Analysis of and test results for the development of an active deformable composite reflector panel are summarized.
A Cubic Archimedean Screw

The Archimedean screw is a partition of space (more precisely, of a cylinder) into two congruent halves by a minimal surface (the helicoid). Fundamental to its function as a means of raising water are its handedness and an equivalence between continuous rotations and translations. Here a cubic crystalline structure is described that shares these properties. It consists of three infinite periodic minimal surfaces, each bounded by an infinite set of lines in (111) orientations arranged in a BCC lattice. The surfaces partition space into three congruent regions and meet at each bounding line forming 120° angles. Although screw-like rotation of the surfaces about the bounding lines is not an isometry, numerical calculations show that the surface area changes by only small fractions of a percent.
Matching the Observed Star Formation Intensity Distribution with Empirical Laws

This Letter matches the shape of the star formation intensity distribution function to empirical laws such as the Schmidt law. The shape of the distribution at a redshift of 1 is reproduced from the empirical Schmidt law with a critical density, a Schechter distribution of galaxy masses, and the assumption that star formation occurs mainly in exponential disks. The shape of the distribution depends primarily on two values: the characteristic mass m* in the Schechter mass distribution and the characteristic radius re in the exponential disk. As these characteristic values evolve, they will affect the shape of the distribution function. The expected direction of evolution of the parameters partially cancel each other, leaving the distribution shape relatively invariant.
Stable and Informative Spectral Signatures for Graph Matching

In this paper, we consider the approximate weighted graph matching problem and introduce stable and informative first and second order compatibility terms suitable for inclusion into the popular integer quadratic program formulation. Our approach relies on a rigorous analysis of stability of spectral signatures based on the graph Laplacian. In the case of the first order term, we derive an objective function that measures both the stability and informativeness of a given spectral signature. By optimizing this objective, we design new spectral node signatures tuned to a specific graph to be matched. We also introduce the pairwise heat kernel distance as a stable second order compatibility term, we justify its plausibility by showing that in a certain limiting case it converges to the classical adjacency matrix-based second order compatibility function. We have tested our approach on a set of synthetic graphs, the widely-used CMU house sequence, and a set of real images. These experiments show the superior performance of our first and second order compatibility terms as compared with the commonly used ones.
Ozone destruction by catalysis: Credibility of the threat

Abstract In an effort to assess the credibility of predictions concerning the O3 layer and to pinpoint avenues for improving current stratospheric models, a review was undertaken of observational data believed to have a bearing on the validity of destruction of stratospheric O3 by catalysis. Aside from short period responses of O3 above 20 km to PCAs and changes in solar flux, no data were found to confirm catalytic destruction both qualitatively and quantitatively. Predicted changes following such perturbations as nuclear tests, solar cycle modulation of cosmic rays, PCA's and volcanic eruptions cannot be clearly identified in the total O3 observations. Observed variations in total O3 appear to have been controlled by processes not included in current stratospheric models. As a minimum, it is concluded that predictions regarding stratospheric O3 do not, at present, warrant the confidence implied by CIAP.
One-dimensional molecular wire on hydrogenated Si(001)

An important example of hybrid organic-silicon systems is the fabrication of styrene molecular wires on a H-passivated Si(001) surface. Here we theoretically demonstrate that a styrene molecule which easily adsorbs on a single H-empty site can be further stabilized (with an energy barrier of 0.88 eV) by abstracting an H atom from a neighboring Si dimer. This H-abstraction process creates another H-empty site, setting off a chain reaction that results in the growth of a styrene wire along the Si dimer row. Our simulated scanning tunneling microscope (STM) image for the resulting one-dimensional (1D) molecular wire is in good agreement with STM data. In particular, the antibonding π orbitals on adjacent styrene molecules overlap, thus providing "channels" that permit charge transport along this ID wire under a voltage bias.
Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

BACKGROUND This study was designed to address the efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). The patient population included both civilians and combat veterans. METHOD This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted in Europe, Israel, and South Africa, primarily in war-torn countries. Patients were predominantly male (81%) and white (91%), with 48% exposed to a combat-related traumatic episode. Patients were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of acute treatment with fluoxetine, 20 to 80 mg/day (N = 226), or placebo (N = 75). The primary efficacy measurement was the mean change from baseline in the Treatment Outcome PTSD rating scale (TOP-8) total score, which was analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Secondary assessments included the CAPS, the Davidson Trauma Scale, the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S), the CGI-Improvement scale (CGI-I), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), and the Hopkins 90-Item Symptom Checklist-Revised. RESULTS Fluoxetine was associated with a greater improvement from baseline in total TOP-8 score than was placebo. This difference was statistically significant by week 6 of treatment (p < .001) through the end of the acute phase of the study (week 12; p = .006). Compared with placebo, fluoxetine was also associated with significantly greater improvement in CAPS total score as well as intrusive and hyperarousal subscores and in CGI-S, CGI-I, HAM-A, and MADRS scores (p < .05). The presence of dissociative symptoms at baseline appeared to be a predictor of high placebo response. The mean fluoxetine dose at endpoint was 57 mg. There were no clinically significant safety differences. CONCLUSION Fluoxetine is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of PTSD. Most PTSD patients will respond satisfactorily at doses in the upper normal range for the usual antidepressant doses of fluoxetine.
Statistical Analysis of Q -matrix Based Diagnostic Classification Models.

Diagnostic classification models (DMCs) have recently gained prominence in educational assessment, psychiatric evaluation, and many other disciplines. Central to the model specification is the so-called Q-matrix that provides a qualitative specification of the item-attribute relationship. In this article, we develop theories on the identifiability for the Q-matrix under the DINA and the DINO models. We further propose an estimation procedure for the Q-matrix through the regularized maximum likelihood. The applicability of this procedure is not limited to the DINA or the DINO model and it can be applied to essentially all Q-matrix based DMCs. Simulation studies show that the proposed method admits high probability recovering the true Q-matrix. Furthermore, two case studies are presented. The first case is a dataset on fraction subtraction (educational application) and the second case is a subsample of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions concerning the social anxiety disord...
Deconfinement, monopoles and new phenomena in heavy ion collisions

We discuss various manifestations of the "magnetic scenario" for the quark-gluon plasma viewed as a mixture of two plasmas, of electrically (quark and gluons) as well as magnetically charged quasiparticles. Near the deconfinement phase transition, T ≈ Tc very small density of free quarks should lead to negligible screening of electric field while magnetic screening remains strong. The consequence of this should be existence of a "corona" of the QGP, in a way similar to that of the Sun, in which electric fields influence propagation of perturbations and even form metastable flux tubes. The natural tool for its description is (dual) magnetohydrodynamics: among observable consequences is splitting of sound into two modes, with larger and smaller velocity. The latter can be zero, hinting for formation of pressure-stabilized flux tubes. Remarkably, recent experimental discoveries at RHIC show effects similar to expected for "corona structures". In dihadron correlation function with large-pt trigger there are a...
ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS AND CLOSED BRAIDS

This article was originally published in Topology 22 (1983). The present hyperTeXed redaction includes references to post-1983 results as Addenda, and corrects a few typographical errors. (See math.GT/0411115 for a more comprehensive overview of the subject as it appears 21 years later.)