cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fungi and Lichens from the Island of Guam

With the opening up of the Pacific to trade and travel, the natural sequence of events brings about a more universal interest, both general and scientific, regarding the region. From a botanical standpoint our knowledge is as yet extremely limited. A few isolated localities have been worked over to some extent, but even in these places much remains to be accomplished. In the Marianne Islands, of which Guam is the largest, only a few botanical collections of any extent have been made. These islands are located, approximately, between 13? to 20? north latitude and I43? to I46? east longitude. The island of Guam itself is about 46 kilometers long and I6 wide at its broadest part; this, however, is not in a central location as the island is more or less dumb-bell shaped and only about 5 kilometers broad in the region of Agafia, the chief town. From San Francisco by way of Honolulu, as the boats ordinarily travel, the islands are about 8,670 kilometers distant and are about 2,440 kilometers east from Manila. As is true of a large percentage of the Pacific islands, the Marianne Islands are of volcanic origin. The island of Guam was discovered by Ferdinand Magellan, during his voyage of circumnavigation, on March 6, 1521, a short time before his fatal visit to the Philippines. The first botanical collection was not made until 1792, when Thaddeus Haenke and Luis Nee of the Malaspina Expedition, with which they were connected as botanists, visited the islands. They spent between February 12th and 24th at Guam but there is no record of any fungi having been preserved by them from that place. In fact, but three fungi have been reported as being collected by them on the entire voyage. Two of these were gathered in Mexico and the other in the Philippine Islands. With this list might also be mentioned the fact that nineteen lichens from the American continent, mostly from Peru and Chili, make up the entire 4
The Role of Economics: Creating the Sustainable Rational Agent

How are consumption decisions made? Does demand drive supply, does supply drive demand, or is it a mixture of both? Do consumption decisions implicitly include our values or are our decisions made with an assumption that what we are consuming has already factored in the long-term best interests of human health and environmental well-being? These basic questions are often unaddressed in the introductory study of economics. Instead, assumptions related to consumption and production behavior, demand, and supply are embedded as representative of consumer and producer behavioral norms, typically with minimal discussion. Could implicit assumptions promote observable behavior rather than be indicative of it? If so, could increasing awareness of the role of embedded values in demand and supply influence behaviors of consumers and producers and thereby alter economic outcomes? These questions were addressed as part of an introductory economics course case study. The purpose of the study was to raise awareness of the implications of individual purchasing decisions and to specifically initiate students in self-evaluation of their individual values and the values embedded in their individual consumption behavior. The results of the study promote the view that increasing awareness of the holistic impact of consumption behavior may be a significant catalyst to promoting sustainability.
The Application of RP in the Field of Design and Manufacture the Foodstuff and the Packaging

In this article,the author introduced the elements、technics and excellence of the RP technique,and analysed the traditional method for design and manufacture the foodstuff and the packaging. The analysis indicated that the RP technique has many excellence in the field of design and manufacture the foodstuff and the packaging,and the new technics has a wider foreground for application.
Goodwill write-off decisions: Do they matter?

Publisher Summary Until recently, goodwill accounting was based on the premise that goodwill and other intangible items were wasting assets with a finite life. The values assigned to goodwill and other intangible assets were amortized over an arbitrary period of time not to exceed 40 years. A new accounting pronouncement, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement, does away with the presumption that acquired goodwill and other acquired intangible assets have finite lives and eliminates mandatory amortization. This chapter reports evidence discovered by Hirschey and Richardson about investor reactions tied to company goodwill write-off announcements. Goodwill write-off decisions have the potential to offer evidence on how investors process potentially important information about the firm's profit-making potential. Stock-price effects associated with goodwill write-off decisions have the potential to offer new evidence on the extent to which accounting goodwill numbers capture the economic value of intangible factors with asset-like characteristics. Statistically significant negative abnormal returns tied to goodwill write-off announcements are obvious. Announcement effects are typically negative and material, on the order of –2.94 to –3.52% of the company's stock price. Importantly for investors, average negative post announcement period effects of roughly −11.02% suggest that a significant portion of the negative valuation effects tied to goodwill write-off announcements are realized after the announcement period.
Address Based Graphs

In this chapter, nodes are now implemented using both a global node number and a vector address giving us address based graph models. Here, the vector address is a six dimensional one with each entry being an integer. Hence, a neural module has a six dimensional address that states explicitly what its position in the neural circuit is; i.e. it is a node in the right brain, visual cortex, can 4, OCOS 3, FFP 3 and Layer 2/3 3. All of the MatLab codes are then rewritten to use addresses. This requires the ability to move seamlessly from the address of a node and it global node number and vice versa. Hence, all backward and forward node information sets must come in two flavors: addresses and global numbers. All of this is worked out along with appropriate training code.
Treatment of opioid use disorder with ibogaine: detoxification and drug use outcomes.

ABSTRACTBackground: Ibogaine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid used in medical and nonmedical settings for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Its mechanism of action is apparently novel. There are no published prospective studies of drug use outcomes with ibogaine. Objectives: To study outcomes following opioid detoxification with ibogaine. Methods: In this observational study, 30 subjects with DSM-IV Opioid Dependence (25 males, 5 females) received a mean total dose of 1,540 ± 920 mg ibogaine HCl. Subjects used oxycodone (n = 21; 70%) and/or heroin (n = 18; 60%) in respective amounts of 250 ± 180 mg/day and 1.3 ± 0.94 g/day, and averaged 3.1 ± 2.6 previous episodes of treatment for opioid dependence. Detoxification and follow-up outcomes at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were evaluated utilizing the Subjective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (SOWS) and Addiction Severity Index Composite (ASIC) scores, respectively. Results: SOWS scores decreased from 31.0 ± 11.6 pretreatment to 14.0 ± 9.8 at 76.5 ± 30 hours posttre...
Analytical Representation of Certain Phase Boundaries

Using an expression for the free energy of a homogeneous phase as a function of composition, a relationship is derived which interrelates the phase boundaries extending from the allotropic transformation of the solvent metal. Comparisons between observed and calculated phase boundaries in the systems Fe-Ni, Fe-Mn, Fe-W, Ti-Mo, and Ti-Cb are presented.
The US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and HIV Drug Resistance: Mitigating Risk, Monitoring Impact

The US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports aggressive scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in high-burden countries and across all genders and populations at risk toward global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic control. PEPFAR recognizes the risk of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) as a consequence of aggressive ART scale-up and is actively promoting 3 key steps to mitigate the impact of HIVDR: (1) routine access to routine viral load monitoring in all settings; (2) optimization of ART regimens; and (3) routine collection and analysis of HIVDR data to monitor the success of mitigation strategies. The transition to dolutegravir-based regimens in PEPFAR-supported countries and the continuous evolution of HIVDR surveillance strategies are essential elements of PEPFAR implementation.
An Instructional Designer’s Story of Designing Gender and Sexuality Courses

Stories are the most efficient way of storing, retrieving, and conveying information. This chapter tells the story of an instructional designer’s efforts to design an engaging, effective, and high-quality online program for the Study of Gender and Sexuality. The designer created a unique pathway for design success for this program that can be mirrored by other designers. This pathway was created by integrating all the principles of story into the design process. This pathway involves five phases that result in the production of the course story. The five phases are review what has already been done, create a pedagogical framework, capture the student experience, create a seamless course by utilizing a team, and create the story of the course.
Engaging Programming Assignments to Recruit and Retain CS0 Students: (Abstract Only)

Many universities offer an optional CS0 course taken prior to traditional CS1 and CS2 courses. Students enrolling in CS0 represent a variety of programming experience levels and majors. To more successfully recruit students to CS0 and retain students as CS majors, it is important to engage students in the course materials early on and frequently. There are several types of course materials (e.g. lesson notes, in class activities) and approaches to design engaging material (e.g. team-based learning, POGIL). In this poster, we focus on programming assignments that incorporate engagement practices put forth by the National Center for Women in Information Technology (NCWIT). NCWIT sponsors a program called EngageCSEdu, which is a collection of peer-reviewed introductory CS materials that are contributed by faculty. All materials in the database have demonstrated evidence of NCWIT"s engagement practices. In this poster, we present seven of our programming assignments that have been accepted into the EngageCSEdu database, two of which have won Engagement Excellence awards. The assignments cover the topics in a Python-based CS0 course at Washington State University. The poster presents the assignments, their learning outcomes, and their engagement practices. We include student commentary and examples of student submissions that demonstrate students" interest and creativity. Lastly, we present advertising materials we deployed that showcase the CS0 programming assignments to recruit more students to take the course. The assignments, student examples, and advertising efforts we present offer insights for educators about recruiting, engaging, and retaining students of all majors in introductory CS courses.
Small molecule modulator of protein disulfide isomerase attenuates mutant huntingtin toxicity and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene encoding an elongated polyglutamine tract within the N-terminal of the huntingtin protein (Htt) and leads to Htt misfolding, aberrant protein aggregation, and progressive appearance of disease symptoms. Chronic activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by mutant Htt (mHtt) results in cellular dysfunction and ultimately cell death. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a chaperone protein located in the ER. Our previous studies demonstrated that mHtt caused PDI to accumulate at mitochondria-associated ER membranes and triggered cell death, and that modulating PDI activity using small molecules protected cells again mHtt toxicity in cell and brain slice models of HD. In this study, we demonstrated that PDI is upregulated in the HD human brain, in cell and mouse models. Chronic administration of a reversible, brain penetrable small molecule PDI modulator, LOC14 (20 mg/kg/day), significantly improved motor function, attenuated brain atrophy and extended survival in the N171-82Q HD mice. Moreover, LOC14 preserved medium spiny neuronal marker dopamine- and cyclic-AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32 000 (DARPP32) levels in the striatum of HD mice. Mechanistic study revealed that LOC14 suppressed mHtt-induced ER stress, indicated by repressing the abnormally upregulated ER stress proteins in HD models. These findings suggest that LOC14 is promising to be further optimized for clinical trials of HD, and modulation of signaling pathways coping with ER stress may constitute an attractive approach to reduce mHtt toxicity and identify new therapeutic targets for treatment of HD.
Environmental Factors in the Instigation and Maintenance of Drug Abuse

This chapter is written with the hope that some of the facts presented might affect the way in which drug abuse is considered, and that this in turn would influence drug abuse policy. But one cannot be sanguine in this matter. Scientific explication all too often does not affect the framing of policy. Changes in the two realms are determined by quite different reinforcing events. Researchers are happy to provide solid facts to the makers of policy in the belief that good policy must necessarily be a function of good data and that erroneous notions can only lead to unworkable policies and grief. The production of reliable, interesting data is an activity that is reinforced by the scientific community in a variety of ways. In presenting even the most carefully controlled studies, scientists scrupulously indicate the provisional and contingent nature of results. After all, a larger context may reveal limitations to the conceptions that seem to follow from the results. Policy, however, operates under a different set of constraints. Its concepts must be initially acceptable— otherwise it has little chance of being implemented, regardless of the facts. The usual function of facts is to lend support to a policy’s intent, not to shape it. The production of an interesting policy is reinforced by a political community because it upholds a set of institutions and functionaries that are already operative. In a sense, a policy generates the kind of data that it requires as its raison d’etre. Policy can be a closed, self-validating system, almost impervious to scientific facts: While science considers new facts and alternative explanations and rejects them on logical or empirical grounds, policy can be dismissive of facts and alternatives simply on the grounds that they are distasteful.
Adenylate degradation in Escherichia coli. The role of AMP nucleosidase and properties of the purified enzyme

Extracts of Escherichia coli K12 degrade AMP to hypoxanthine, adenine, adenosine, and inosine. Degradation experiments with mutants which lack purine nucleoside phosphorylase or both purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase demonstrate that hypoxanthine formation is dependent on purine nucleoside phosphorylase. These findings are consistent with an absence of adenine deaminase activity in E. coli. Adenine is formed from AMP in extracts of the E. coli mutants as well as the wild type cells. This activity is due to AMP nucleosidase. Purified, homogeneous AMP nucleosidase gives a subunit Mr = 52,000 on denaturing gel electrophoresis and an oligomer molecular weight of approximately 280,000 by comparative gel filtration. Kinetic studies with this enzyme give cooperative initial rate curves with AMP as substrate, with MgATP2- as an activator, and with Pi as an inhibitor. Phosphate inhibition is competitive with McATP2- (Ki = 0.2 mM) and reverses the activation by MgATP2-. In the absence of MgATP2-, the apparent S0.5 for AMP is 15 mM and decreases to 90 microM at saturating MgATP2-. The maximum rate of AMP hydrolysis is not affected by MgATP2-. Kinetics of MgATP2- activation give a constant for half-maximum activation varying from 120 microM in the presence of low AMP to approximately 2 microM when AMP is present at near saturation. Formycin 5'-PO4 is a powerful competitive inhibitor with respect to AMP, giving a Kis of 72 nM and a Km/Kis ratio of 1,200. Adenylate degradation experiments indicate that AMP nucleosidase is the major enzyme of AMP catabolism in E. coli. The kinetic properties of the purified enzyme indicate that regulation occurs by the intracellular MgATP2- /Pi ratio and the concentration of AMP.
The reaction of cyanate with the alpha and beta subunits in hemoglobin. Effects of oxygenation, phosphates, and carbon dioxide.

To evaluate the influence of oxygenation on the reactivity of hemoglobin to cyanate, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin were carbamylatedwith a low (2.5 mM) concentration of [14C]-cyanate for up to 100 min. The radioactivity of the isolated tryptic peptides of purified carbamylated globin chains (αc and βc) was determined. Under these reaction conditions, 97% or more of the cyanate was bound to the NH2-terminal peptides of the α and β chains in oxy- as well as in deoxyhemoglobin. A modification of the ρ-chloromercuribenzoate method for chain separation was used to measure the rate of the reaction with cyanate of both types of chians in tetrameric hemoglobin. The reaction of hemoglobin with cyanate was strongly oxygen linked. the α chains were carbamylated twice as rapidly in deoxy- as compared to oxyhemoglobin in both phosphate and bis-tris buffers. The β chain carbamylation was less dependent upon oxygenation of hemoglobin in bis-tris buffer, and did not vary at all with oxygenation in phosphate buffer. Organic Polyphosphates (2,3-diphosphoglycerate and inositol hexaphosphate) inhibited β chain carbamylation selectively. The effect of pH on the carbamylation of α and β chains in deoxyhemoglobin was studied. At a fixed pH, CO2 decreased the reaction rate of α and β chain NH2 termini to the same extent.
Kite: Building Conversational Bots from Mobile Apps

Task-oriented chatbots allow users to carry out tasks (e.g., ordering a pizza) using natural language conversation. The widely-used slot-filling approach for building bots of this type requires significant hand-coding, which hinders scalability. Recently, neural network models have been shown to be capable of generating natural "chitchat" conversations, but it is unclear whether they will ever work for task modeling. Kite is a practical system for bootstrapping task-oriented bots, leveraging both approaches above. Kite's key insight is that while bots encapsulate the logic of user tasks into conversational forms, existing apps encapsulate the logic of user tasks into graphical user interfaces. A developer demonstrates a task using a relevant app, and from the collected interaction traces Kite automatically derives a task model, a graph of actions and associated inputs representing possible task execution paths. A task model represents the logical backbone of a bot, on which Kite layers a question-answer interface generated using a hybrid rule-based and neural network approach. Using Kite, developers can automatically generate bot templates for many different tasks. In our evaluation, it extracted accurate task models from 25 popular Android apps spanning 15 tasks. Appropriate questions and high-quality answers were also generated. Our developer study suggests that developers, even without any bot developing experience, can successfully generate bot templates using Kite.
Neural Stem Cells and the Future Treatment of Neurological Diseases: Raising the Standard

Neural stem and progenitor cells offer great potential for treatment of neurological disorders.AQ[16]Both neurologic and neurological were used in text; the latter was more common. Note changes have been made to match in title and text body. The current strategies of isolation, expansion, and characterization of these cells require in vitro manipulations that can change their intrinsic properties, specifically with the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities. We have analyzed the rationale of using neural stem cells in neurological disorders, the caveats of current isolation and in vitro culture protocols of neural precursors. Addressing these challenges is crucial for translation of neural stem cell therapy to the clinic.
Multiple Intracranial Aneurysms from Coccidioidal Meningitis: Case Report Featuring Aneurysm Formation and Spontaneous Thrombosis with Literature Review.

Background Coccidioidal meningitis can progress to vasculitis with aneurysm formation. Although aneurysmogenesis is rare, it carries exceptionally high mortality. Except in one instance, prior case reports have documented universally fatal consequences. Case Description A 26-year-old man developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis with formation of multiple aneurysms throughout the anterior intracranial vasculature bilaterally. This report is unique in that it chronicles the formation and subsequent spontaneous thrombosis of several aneurysms over a 4-week period. In total 10 aneurysms were documented in the same patient—the highest reported to date. The patient was eventually discharged from the hospital for what has heretofore been a universally fatal disease process. Neurologic examination and vascular imaging 1 month after discharge demonstrated stable findings. Conclusions Coccidioidal aneurysms carry a high mortality. The mainstay of therapy remains lifelong triazole antifungal therapy with the addition of liposomal amphotericin in cases of treatment failure. Steroid use is controversial but should be considered whenever there is vascular involvement. Although watchful waiting is reasonable in light of the possibility of spontaneous thrombosis with medical management, dynamic changes in aneurysm size or configuration should prompt timely endovascular or operative interventions.
Radiology Case 9

Dural venous thrombosis (or cerebral venous thrombosis, CVT) is an occlusion of the intracranial dural sinuses, which function to drain intracranial venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The network of dural venous sinuses is extensive and eventually drains into the internal jugular veins.
Diastasis Recti: Robotic Extended-View Totally Extraperitoneal (eTEP) Access Hernia Repair Technique

This chapter describes the repair of diastasis recti using the extended-view totally extraperitoneal hernia repair technique. The chapter focuses on patient positioning, access into the extraperitoneal space, port placement in relation to the defect and the principle of crossover.
PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY | Hippocampal EEG in the Neonatal Rat: Development of Normal and Pathological Activity

An important question in developmental neuroscience concerns the relationship between the ontogeny of spontaneous nonpathological EEG activity and the ontogeny of electrographic seizure activity. A better understanding of their relationship may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, and may also facilitate a better understanding of the causes of enhanced seizure susceptibility of infants. We systematically assessed this relationship across the first three postnatal weeks in rats by examining hippocampal EEG activity before and after intrahippocampal infusion of kainic acid. Our findings indicate that the appearance of pathological EEG activity is accompanied by the onset of a number of nonpathological oscillations and events. These findings suggest that nonpathological activity can be used to mark the onset and offset of the period of increased seizure susceptibility in infant rats.
The role of KMT2D and KDM6A in cardiac development: A cross-species analysis in humans, mice, and zebrafish

Abstract Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) are the most common form of birth defects, observed in 4-10/1000 live births. CHDs result in a wide range of structural and functional abnormalities of the heart which significantly affect quality of life and mortality. CHDs are often seen in patients with mutations in epigenetic regulators of gene expression, like the genes implicated in Kabuki syndrome – KMT2D and KDM6A, which play important roles in normal heart development and function. Here, we examined the role of two epigenetic histone modifying enzymes, KMT2D and KDM6A, in the expression of genes associated with early heart and neural crest cell (NCC) development. Using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis of kmt2d, kdm6a and kdm6al in zebrafish, we show cardiac and NCC gene expression is reduced, which correspond to affected cardiac morphology and reduced heart rates. To translate our results to a human pathophysiological context and compare transcriptomic targets of KMT2D and KDM6A across species, we performed RNA sequencing (seq) of lymphoblastoid cells from Kabuki Syndrome patients carrying mutations in KMT2D and KDM6A. We compared the human RNA-seq datasets with RNA-seq datasets obtained from mouse and zebrafish. Our comparative interspecies analysis revealed common targets of KMT2D and KDM6A, which are shared between species, and these target genes are reduced in expression in the zebrafish mutants. Taken together, our results show that KMT2D and KDM6A regulate common and unique genes across humans, mice, and zebrafish for early cardiac and overall development that can contribute to the understanding of epigenetic dysregulation in CHDs.
Chapter 10 – Conclusions and Implications

Those close to a person who is suicidal are best able to intervene, but prevention requires a much larger, multifaceted effort. In this chapter we examine the idea of a national agenda to create broad based solutions to the problem of suicide, but we also look at how people can implement intervention and prevention programs at the local level.
Difficult intravenous access in the emergency department: Performance and impact of ultrasound-guided IV insertion performed by nurses.

Abstract Background Difficult intravenous access (DIVA) is a common problem in Emergency Departments (EDs), yet the prevalence and clinical impact of this condition is poorly understood. Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter (USGPIV) insertion is a successful modality for obtaining intravenous (IV) access in patients with DIVA. Objectives We aimed to describe the prevalence of DIVA, explore how DIVA affects delivery of care, and determine if nurse insertion of USGPIV improves care delays among patients with DIVA. Methods We retrospectively queried the electronic medical record for all ED patients who had a peripheral IV (PIV) inserted at a tertiary academic medical center from 2015 to 2017. We categorized patients as having DIVA if they required ≥3 PIV attempts or an USGPIV. We compared metrics for care delivery including time-to-IV-access, time-to-laboratory-results, time-to-IV-analgesia, and ED length of stay (LOS) between patients with and without DIVA. We also compared these metrics in patients with DIVA with a physician-inserted USGPIV versus those with a nurse-inserted USGPIV. Results A total of 147,260 patients were evaluated during the study period. Of these, 13,192 (8.9%) met criteria for DIVA. Patients with DIVA encountered statistically significant delays in time-to-IV-access, time-to-laboratory-results, time-to-IV-analgesia, and ED LOS compared to patients without DIVA (all p Conclusion DIVA affects many ED patients and leads to delays in PIV access-related care. Nurse insertion of USGPIVs improves care in patients with DIVA.
Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Resection: A Single-Surgeon Experience and Comparison with Multiportal Technique in the Veteran Population

Background: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been shown to offer improved postoperative outcomes compared with multiportal technique. Shorter operative time has rarely been...
Drug resistance: from bacteria to cancer

The phenomenon of drug resistance has been a hindrance to therapeutic medicine since the late 1940s. There is a plethora of factors and mechanisms contributing to progression of drug resistance. From prokaryotes to complex cancers, drug resistance is a prevailing issue in clinical medicine. Although there are numerous factors causing and influencing the phenomenon of drug resistance, cellular transporters contribute to a noticeable majority. Efflux transporters form a huge family of proteins and are found in a vast number of species spanning from prokaryotes to complex organisms such as humans. During the last couple of decades, various approaches in analyses of biochemistry and pharmacology of transporters have led us to understand much more about drug resistance. In this review, we have discussed the structure, function, potential causes, and mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bacteria as well as cancers.
Identification and Partial Purification of “Transcortin”-like Protein within Human Lymphocytes

Abstract We have detected and localized in situ lymphocyte proteins with antigenic determinants similar to those of the cortisol-binding globulin of human plasma. All lymphocyte fractions, obtained by differential centrifugation and ammonium sulfate fractionations exhibited cortisol-binding capacities and were recognized by transcortin-specific antibody. Inasmuch as the 40 to 65% ammonium sulfate fraction of the 105,000 x g lymphocyte cytosol accounted for over 90% of the total binding capacity of the cell, this fraction was further purified by the procedure employed for the purification of plasma transcortin. These procedures yielded a protein with about 20% the cortisol-binding capacity of transcortin, migrated more rapidly than transcortin in disc acrylamide electrophoretic systems, and formed a line of identity with transcortin when treated with transcortin-specific antibody. Fluorescein-labeled transcortin antibody applied to sectioned lymphocytes showed almost exclusive cytoplasmic localization of transcortin-like protein. These results show for the first time the existence of cortisol-binding proteins within the human lymphocyte antigenically identical with transcortin.
Studies of multiquantum processes in atoms

From an analysis of multiauantum processes in atoms, which includes information derived from ion charge state distributions, photoelectron spectra, and photon spectra, and involving the atomic number (Z), intensity, frequency, and polarization dependencies, an approximate description of the electronic motions involved in these processes has emerged. The data strongly indicate that an organized motion of an entire shell, or a major fraction thereof, is directly involved in the nonlinear coupling. With this picture, the outer atomic subshells are envisaged as being driven in coherent oscillation by the intense ultraviolet wave. An immediate consequence of this motion is an increase in multiphoton coupling resulting directly from the larger magnitude of the effective charge involved in the interaction. In this way, a multielectron atom undergoing a nonlinear interaction responds in a fundamentally different fashion from that of a single electron counterpart. The strong highly nonlinear coupling which develops between the radiation field and the atom can result in the transfer of energy by a direct intra-atomic process to inner-shell excitations. These coherent atomic motions, which can be related to fast atom-atom encounters (> 10 MeV/amu), should enable the selective excitation of atomic inner-shell states in the KeV range to be produced by intense irradiation of atoms at ultraviolet wavelengths.
The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria

So far we have considered only homogeneous solutions. Such systems, while composed of a number of constituents, contain them in a single homogeneous phase. A phase is considered to be a state in which there is both chemical and physical uniformity. In a biological system, such a presumption is not realistic. Biological systems have many heterogeneous characteristics. Many of the processes in cells and living organisms involve the transfer of chemical species from one phase to another For example, the movement of ions across a membrane such as the cell membrane or an intracellular organelle is often treated as transport between two phases, one inside and the other outside. The nature of the equilibria that can exist between phases will be the focus of this chapter. When different phases come in contact with each other, an interface between them occurs. This interface is a surface and the properties of a surface are different from those of either of the phases responsible for creating it.
Estrogen-repressed genes -- key mediators of estrogen action?

Estrogen receptor (ER)-α is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. It is regulated not only by binding to its ligand but also through interaction with co-regulators that can either enhance (coactivators) or repress (corepressors) its transcriptional activity. ER-α regulates the expression of a large number of genes, including components of the signaling, cell cycle, and anti-apoptosis pathways. A great deal of work in this area has increased our understanding of the role of ER-α in activation of genes; we now know that binding of estrogen to ER-α results in repositioning of helix 12 that allows recruitment of coactivators and thus activation of transcription. However, recent gene expression profiling by a number of groups using different model systems has revealed that the majority of estrogen-regulated genes are repressed rather than activated. This has been shown in cells cultured in vitro but also in vivo, where estrogen treatment resulted in downregulation of a significant number of target genes. This repression was lost in ER-α-knockout mice [1], confirming that repression requires ER-α. Although estrogen-mediated repression of genes has received little attention in the past, it is likely to be critical for the role of ER-α in both normal and disease processes. Herein we discuss some important studies on repression by ER-α and try to highlight the most burning (and partially controversial) questions.
Heterogeneous access network(s) selection in multi-interface radio devices

The advent of multi-interface smart radio devices brings the flexibility of simultaneous access to multiple heterogeneous access networks (ANs) for making a significant improvement in the network utilization by balancing the network load and avoiding congestion. However, each heterogeneous access technology poses its own constraints in terms of data rate, coverage, availability, latency, packet loss rate, usage price etc. Thus, a novel selection mechanism must be devised to exploit the “best” available access network(s) to best serve the wireless users. Assuming users can ask for a required amount of bandwidth from the ANs, we model the heterogeneous access network selection mechanism from a game theoretic perspective by formulating a user preference based utility expression using three major parameters: expected data rate, latency, and usage cost. Then we analyze the utility model to find the users' optimal bandwidth demands from the selected ANs that maximize their net payoff. Theoretical analysis of the utility expression proves the existence of optimal bandwidth demand in the single and multiple network selection, and we derive the open/closed form expression for optimal bandwidth too. The results from the simulations conducted corroborate the theoretical optimal bandwidth and number of packets assigned for the selected network(s) with the corresponding experimental values.
Dystocia in diabetes insipidus

Abstract Observations have been presented on 7 cats in which experimental diabetes insipidus was produced during various stages of pregnancy by making appropriate lesions in the hypothalamus. It was shown that these animals developed striking disturbances of the mechanism of parturition during which they were totally or partially unable to deliver their young or else succeeded in doing this only after a greatly prolonged labor which lasted in some cases over two days. Four of the cats died in the midst of labor; 2 survived for some days but finally succumbed; only one remained alive and in good condition. These findings were discussed in relation to the theory that the disturbance noted was due to a deficiency in pituitary oxytocic hormone consequent upon interruption of the hypothalamico-hypophyseal tract. A critical analysis of the literature covering the effect of hypophyseal ablation on the delivery mechanism was presented. It was concluded that the work so far reported does not warrant the rejection of pituitary oxytocin as a factor involved in normal parturition, and the suggestion was made that the problem should be thrown open for further investigation.
Attitudes toward Physical Education of Male Students Entering the University of Oregon

Abstract The purpose of this study was to measure the attitude toward physical education of all male, lower division students entering the University of Oregon in September 1960. The Wear Attitude Inventory, Short Form A, was the instrument used. The results indicated that, as a group, these students had a rather favorable attitude toward physical education. In comparing the mean score of this group with the means reported for two somewhat similar groups, the Oregon students' score was significantly higher. In comparing various subgroups, the following conclusions were made: athletes have better attitudes than non-athletes, the more years of physical education a student has had in high school the better his attitude is likely to be, and students who attended smaller high schools (enrollment under 300) have better attitudes than those from larger schools.
Computation of Heat Capacities of Solids Using a General Tarasov Equation

The general Tarasov function is fitted to the skeletal heat capacities of materials with widely different crystal structures. Examples are chosen from flexible macromolecules (polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(ethylene terephthalate), selenium, rigid macromolecules (diamond and graphite), and a small molecule (fullerene, C60). A new optimization approach using the MathematicaTM software is developed. It results in one-, two-, and three-dimensional Debye temperatures, Θ1, Θ2 and Θ3 the fitting parameters of the Tarasov function. In addition to the Tarasov function, the evaluation of the heat capacities makes use of approximate group-vibrational spectra. The results support the earlier assumption that Θ2=Θ3 for simple, solid, linear macromolecules. In more complicated bonding situations, Θ1, Θ2 and Θ3 are used as averaging fitting parameters. This general approach provides an improvement in the quantitative thermal analyses of polymers and other substances included in the ATHAS Data Bank. Sufficient programming information is provided to enable anyone the computation with a copy of the popular MathematicaTM software. The programming file is also downloadable from the WWW.
Woven by the Grandmothers: Nineteenth‐Century Navajo Textiles from the National Museum of the American Indian

Woven by the Grandmothers: Nineteenth-Century Navajo Textiles from the National Museum of the American Indian. Edited by Eulalie H. Bonar. Washington, D.C. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press and the National Museum of the American Indian. 1996. xiii. 214 pp., 20 black-and-white and 10 color photographs, 80 color plates, catalogue, notes, references, index. $29.95 (paper).
CEREBRAL AND MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW RESPONSE TO INCREASING DOSES OF EPINEPHRINE DURING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN INFANT SWINE

We measured cerebral (CBF) and myocardial (MBF) blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in two week old swine to determine whether 10 fold increments of infused epinephrine (EPI) would progressively enhance CBF and MBF. CPR was performed for 50 min on pentobarbital anesthetized, 3.5 - 6 kg swine with a pneumatic compressor at 100 compressions/min, 60% duty cycle and 1:5 breath to compression ratio. In groups 1, 2 and 3 (n=4), EPI was administered first as a bolus (0, 1, 10 ug/kg, respectively) and then continuously (0, 1, 10 ug/kg/min respectively). Plasma EPI (ng/ml) (HPLC) rose from pre-arrest levels of <1 to 38±25, and 92±17, and 1627±231 (±SE) at 10 min in groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively. At 10 min, CBF (ml/min/100gm) (microspheres) was 17±10 (±SE), 32 ± 8 and 34±4 and cerebral 02 uptake (CMRO2) (ml/min/100gm) was 1.2±.7, 2.0 ± .2 and 2.1±.4 in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. MBF was 3±2, 20±13, and 48±7 in groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p <.05 between group 3 and 2). CBF, MBF, their respective perfusion pressures and CMRO2 progressively decreased with prolonged CPR. We conclude that in this infant CPR model, infusing 1 ug/kg/min EPI improves MBF, CBF and CMRO2. Increasing the dose to 10 ug/kg/min further elevates MBF, but has less incremental effect on CBF and CMRO2. Supported by NS 20020.
Tradeoffs or Synergies? Assessing Local and Regional Food Aid Procurement through Case Studies in Burkina Faso and Guatemala

We compare the impacts across a range of criteria of local and regional procurement (LRP) relative to transoceanic shipment of food aid in Burkina Faso and Guatemala. We find that neither instrument dominates the other across all criteria in either country, although LRP commonly performs at least as well as transoceanic shipment with respect to timeliness, cost, market price impacts, satisfying recipients’ preferences, food quality and safety, and in benefiting smallholder suppliers. LRP is plainly a valuable food assistance tool, but its advantages and disadvantages must be carefully weighed, compared, and prioritized depending on the context and program objectives.
Sex differences in pain perception and cardiovascular responses in persons with parental history for hypertension.

Abstract We investigated gender differences in cardiovascular and pain responses to the cold pressor (CP) test in persons with positive (PH+) or negative parental history (PH−) for hypertension. Previous work has suggested an attenuated sensitivity to painful stimulation in hypertensive men and more recently in men with parental disposition for hypertension. It is not known whether this hypoalgesic effect is present in PH+ women. In this study, we evaluated differences in pain perception between men and women with PH+ or PH− using an assessment method to measure current as well as delayed pain. Participants rated their pain every 15 s during a 90-s hand CP (0–4°C) and a 90-s post-CP rest period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before, during, and after the CP. PH+ and PH− groups did not differ in age, height, weight, education, resting SBP, DBP, or HR. PH+ men showed greater DBP responses to the CP than PH− men, while female groups did not differ in cardiovascular responses to the CP. Although pain ratings during the CP did not differ between groups, post-CP reported pain receded faster in the PH+ men than in the PH− men. PH+ women, on the other hand, tended to report greater pain than PH− women. These findings question the generalizability of the hypoalgesic effects in hypertension-prone women.
Medication adherence after heart transplantation: adolescents and their issues.

Context—Medication nonadherence among adolescent heart transplant recipients can have overwhelming negative consequences including rejection and mortality. Because of issues specific to adolescents such as peer pressure, risk taking, independence, self-image, and self-esteem, they are a population susceptible to nonadherence. Adherence may be associated with a supportive environment, fewer physical and cosmetic side effects, and a sufficient knowledge of therapies. Adherence also may be related to regimens with fewer medications, predominantly fewer immunosuppressive drugs.Objective—To examine the differences in motivation between adolescents who are more adherent and those who are less adherent to their medication regimen following transplant surgery.Design—A descriptive design and mixed methodology, including a modified written survey, the Frazier Noncompliance Inventory; a self-report measure of overall medication adherence; and an interview designed by the investigator. Interview questions were review...
On the magneto-elastic properties of elastomer–ferromagnet composites

Abstract We study the macroscopic magneto-mechanical behavior of composite materials consisting of a random, statistically homogeneous distribution of ferromagnetic, rigid inclusions embedded firmly in a non-magnetic elastic matrix. Specifically, for given applied elastic and magnetic fields, we calculate the overall deformation and stress–strain relation for such a composite, correct to second order in the particle volume fraction. Our solution accounts for the fully coupled magneto-elastic interactions; the distribution of magnetization in the composite is calculated from the basic minimum energy principle of magneto-elasticity.
Polarization of Nuclei in Metals

A new method for polarizing nuclei, applicable only to metals, is proposed. It is shown that if the electron spin resonance of the conduction electrons is saturated, the nuclei will be polarized to the same degree they would be if their gyromagnetic ratio were that of the electron spin. This action results from the paramagnetic relaxation processes that occur by means of the hyperfine structure interaction between electron and nuclear spins. A shift of the electron spin resonance due to the same interaction will occur for large amounts of polarization and should provide a direct indication of the degree of polarization.
Matrix isolation infrared studies of chemical vapor transport in the system TiO2 : TeCl4

Abstract The CVT of rutile has been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. It was determined that the transport chemistry is governed by the reactions: TiO 2 (s) + 2 TeCl 4 (g) = 2 TeOCl 2 (g) + TiCl 4 (g), TeCl 4 (g) = TeCl 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) . The reversal in transport direction expected from thermochemical calculations based on these reactions was experimentally confirmed.
Ammonia and ventilation: Site and mechanism of action☆

Abstract In view of the association of hyperammonemia with hyperventilation, experiments were performed to determine the site and mechanism of action of ammonia in producing increased ventilation. Ammonium chloride was infused into lightly anesthetized dogs while V e (f and V t ) was recorded, and ammonia and acid-base parameters serially determined in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), arterial and sagittal sinus blood. Brain ammonia was measured at the end of each experiment. Ammonium chloride was administered either by I.V. infusion or infusion into a lateral cerebral ventricle. CSF ammonia increased in both series of experiments, but blood ammonia increased only during I.V. infusion. There was a linear relationship between V e and CSF ammonia during I.V. and intraventricular infusion of ammonium chloride, but there was no such correlation with blood ammonia. The slope of V e versus CSF ammonia, as well as brain ammonia content, was greater with IV than with intraventricular infusion. Brain ammonia was the single determinant of ve with either form of infusion. The results show that ammonia is a respiratory stimulant acting at an intracranial intracellular site.