cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of piperonyl butoxide and triorthocresyl phosphate on the activity of juvenile hormone mimics and their sulphur isosteres in Tenebrio molitor L. and oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas)

Abstract The effects of synergists on the morphogenetic activity of farnesyl methyl ether ( a ), 10,11-episulphido farnesyl methyl ether ( b ), 10,11-epoxyfarnesyl methyl ether ( c ), farnesyl methyl sulphide ( d ), farnesyl methyl sulphoxide ( e ) and ethyl 10,11-episulphido farnesoate ( f ) were determined. Both synergists showed very low juvenilizing activity. All compounds except f were more active in T . molitor . a b c showed increasing order of basal activity and of synergism. d had low activity in both insects and was not affected by piperonyl butoxide (PB). In O. fasciatus, e had low activity which was slightly increased by PB. However, in T. molitor e showed moderate activity that was decreased by PB, suggesting an activation reaction, possibly to the sulphone. f showed high activity which was little affected by synergists.
Waltz, Durkheim, and International Relations: The International System as an Abnormal Form

Drawing on Emile Durkheim's Division of Labor in Society, I offer a typology of international systems. Previous uses of Durkheim to describe international systems suffer a number of conceptual errors and therefore are at variance with the spirit and intention of Durkheim's work. A deeper reading of Durkheim usefully draws attention to the moral basis for society and thus the problems with defining international systems solely in terms of power distributions. Further, rereading Durkheim offers a much richer typology than the simple distinction between mechanical and organized societies, affording in turn fresh insights into change in the international system. The abnormal forms of the division of labor offer the best description of the contemporary international system.
Two applications of maschke's theorem

Let R ∗ G denote a crossed product of the finite group G over the ring R and let V be an R ∗ G-module. Maschke's theorem states that if 1/∣G∣ e R and if V is completely reducible as an R-module, then V is also completely reducible as an R ∗ G -module. In this paper, we obtain two applications of this theorem, both under the assumption that R is semiprime with no ∣G∣ -torsion. The first concerns group actions and here we show that if G acts on R and if I is an essential right ideal of the fixed ring RG , then IR is essential in Rs. This result, in turn, simplifies a number of proofs already in the literature. The second application here is a short proof of a theorem of Fisher and Montgomery which asserts that the crossed product R ∗ G is semiprime.
Pilot study of sequentially applied doublets in poor-prognosis metastatic urothelial cancer

Abstract To gather preliminary data on the tolerability of “stacking” sequentially applied regimens in patients recognized to have a poor prognosis from metastatic urothelial cancer. To assess toxicity, especially cumulative myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathy, and to characterize the median survival associated with this approach in a high-risk cohort. A total of ten patients were registered and treated. Eight of the 10 demonstrated a major response to treatment (3 patients with complete clinical response, 5 with partial response). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median survival was 13.1 months, which is encouraging given the prognostic features of the group. Significantly, we did not appreciate excessive toxicity, and found no peripheral neuropathy of grade 3 or greater. We believe this experience supports the notion that combining individually optimized doublets or triplets will not necessarily be more toxic than multiple cycles of the same regimen. Furthermore, we are encouraged to pursue this line of research in light of promising levels of anti-cancer activity. It is clear however, that even complete responses are all too often short-lived, and that some qualitative change in the impact of cytotoxic therapy is required in order to substantially improve the survival of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.
An investigation of the mechanics of rock joints—Part I. Laboratory investigation

Abstract In this paper, which is the first of a two-part series, a laboratory investigation of the mechanical behavior of initially closely mated joints in rock undergoing small sliding displacements is undertaken. The goal is to elucidate important features of joint behavior such as dilatancy, damage of surface roughness, cyclic sliding behavior and the dependence of these phenomena on stress level and sliding history. Testing was carried out in a specially designed and fabricated servo-controlled direct shear machine. Most tests employed artificial joint samples with saw-tooth shaped asperities molded of hydrostone which replicates soft natural rock. Use of molded samples allowed tests to be conducted on simulated joints which for our purposes, could be considered to be identical. Tests on natural joints in dolomite were also carried out. This testing program provided the guidance and data base necessary for the development of a quantitative theory and constitutive model for rock joint behavior, which is described in Part II.
Nuclear Import and Export Functions in the Different Isoforms of the AUF1/Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Protein Family

The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D family of proteins also known as AUF1 consists of four isoforms implicated in both nuclear and cytoplasmic functions. The AUF1 proteins are largely nuclear but also are found in the cytoplasm and are thought to undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. The nucleocytoplasmic distribution and potential shuttling activity of the individual AUF1 isoforms have not been previously studied in detail. Therefore, we characterized the nucleocytoplasmic transport of each of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D/AUF1 isoforms. All four AUF1 proteins were found to undergo rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in a manner that is transcription-independent, carrier-mediated, and energy-requiring. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the AUF1 proteins is shown to utilize a novel arrangement of nuclear import and export signals. Mutagenesis of the AUF1 proteins and fusion of polypeptides to a green fluorescent protein reporter demonstrated that a nuclear import signal is located in the C-terminal domain of the protein and is found only in the two smaller isoforms. Further mapping demonstrated that nuclear export is facilitated by sequences in AUF1 exon 7 found in the C-terminal domain of the two larger AUF1 isoforms. A subset of AUF1 proteins are shown to directly interact in vitro using purified recombinant proteins and in vivo in the absence of RNA. These results suggest that nuclear import of AUF1 is facilitated by sequences found only in the two smaller isoforms and that nuclear export is facilitated by sequences (exon 7 and the C-terminal domain) found only in the two larger isoforms. This novel arrangement of signals might represent a mechanism to assure co-shuttling of a subset of AUF1 proteins that interact in a heterocomplex.
Micro-TEG Voltage Supplies for Spin Torque Oscillators

Spin torque oscillators (STOs) can be viewed as current-controlled oscillators. Oscillations start if the current exceeds some critical value-threshold current. A low critical current is required to achieve a high output power. Recently, the critical current was reduced to as low as 0.1 mA and STO majority gate was proposed. To operate STO logic, an mV-level voltage source with output current greater than the critical current (0.1 mA), and very low impedance is needed. This paper proposes power supplies that use microthermoelectric generators (μTEGs) to convert heat into electric power. A complete analytical μTEG model was developed that includes all the relevant physical effects. This model is used to predict power and perform geometry optimization to maximize thermal energy conversion. We propose metallic thermocouples to realize the low impedance source and connect them electrically in parallel to deliver sufficient current. The proposed μTEG consists of four thermocouples connected in parallel both thermally and electrically. Thermo-legs are homogeneous and thermally isolated with a thermal isolation cavity to minimize heat leakage. Simulations with a 30-K temperature drop across μTEGs showed that the proposed structure can potentially integrate ~ 50 000 μTEGs/cm2 and efficiently harvest heat to supply new STO logic.
Ibuprofen overdose complicated by renal failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and metabolic acidosis

Acute ingestion of ibuprofen commonly results in no symptoms, or minor gastrointestinal or central nervous system manifestations. While most cases of ibuprofen overdose do well, serious toxicity may occur, and is difficult to predict. A case of ibuprofen overdose is presented in which the course was complicated by metabolic acidosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and renal failure necessitating prolonged dialysis.
Fundamental Study of the Oxidation Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions of Model Biodiesel Fuels

In this study, the oxidation characteristics of biodiesel fuels are investigated with the goal of contributing toward the fundamental understanding of their combustion characteristics and evaluating the effect of using these alternative fuels on engine performance as well as on the environment. The focus of the study is on pure fatty acid methyl-esters (FAME,) that can serve as surrogate compounds for real biodiesels. The experiments are conducted in the stagnation-flow configuration, which allows for the systematic evaluation of fundamental combustion and emission characteristics. In this paper, the focus is primarily on the pollutant emission characteristics of two C4 FAMEs, namely, methyl-butanoate and methyl-crotonate, whose behavior is compared with that of n-butane and n-pentane. To provide insight into the mechanisms of pollutant formation for these fuels, the experimental data are compared with computed results using a model with consistent C1−C4 oxidation and NOx formation kinetics.
A Knowledge-Base Model for Insider Threat Prediction

Many consider insider attacks to be more severe and devastating than outsider attacks. Many techniques exist for defending against outsider attacks. However, little work has been presented for defending insider attacks and threats. In this work, we presented a prediction technique for insider threats. Due to the nature of these kinds of attacks, we relied on some characteristics of the insiders and the decomposition of objects in the underlying system in developing our method.
The k-traveling repairman problem

We consider the k-traveling repairman problem, a generalization of the metric traveling repairman problem, also known as the minimum latency problem, to multiple repairmen. We give an 8.497α-approximation algorithm for this generalization, where α denotes the best achievable approximation factor for the problem of finding the least cost rooted tree spanning i vertices (i-MST) problem. This can be compared with the best known approximation algorithm for the case k = 1, which is 3.59α. We are aware of no previous work on the approximability of the present problem.In addition, we give a simple proof of the 3.59αapproximation result which can be extended to the case of multiple repairmen.
What Led to Metazoa's Big Bang?

Erwin and Valentine explore the roles that changes in the physical environment, ecological relationships, and developmental systems—as well as interactions among the three elements—played in the Cambrian explosion.
Aristotle on epideictic: The formation of public morality

(1999). Aristotle on epideictic: The formation of public morality. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 5-23.
Analysis of an Exact Fractional Step Method

An exact fractional step or projection method for solving the incompressible Navier?Stokes equations is analyzed. The method is applied to both structured and unstructured staggered mesh schemes. There are no splitting errors associated with the method; it satisfies the incompressibility condition to machine precision and reduces the number of unknowns. The exact projection technique is demonstrated on a two-dimensional cavity flow and a multiply connected moving domain with a free surface. Its performance is compared directly to classic fractional step methods and shown to be roughly twice as efficient. Boundary conditions and the relationship of the method to streamfunction-vorticity methods are discussed.
The development of reactive polymers

Abstract The development of synthetic reactive polymers began less than fifty years ago, but the greatest progress in the field of development of new reactive polymers has been in about the last 30 years. First came the ion exchangers (1945–1965). Then special polymers such as electro- and photo-conductive units (1960–1970). In the last ten years the biochemical field has made many novel developments with the attachment of biochemical and microcell units to polymeric supports. The potentials of the latter in agriculture, medicine, chromatography and as tools in the laboratory are more than the imagination can grasp.
Bridging the Theory-to-Practice Gap: Some Thoughts From an Internal OD Consultant

In a recent HRDR editorial (Torraco & Yorks, 2007), the following questions were raised about bridging theory and practice: Do practitioners compromise scholarly standards? Do scholars comprehend the rigors of practice? Can a theory journal be a viable bridge across the chasm? Let’s stop asking questions and walk the talk. The answer is simple. It depends. We have trouble agreeing on a common definition of what and who we are. For the sake of this article (and our own sanity) let’s settle on a definition written by recognized scholars in the field (McLean & McLean, 2001):
ESA/390 interpretive-execution architecture, foundation for VM/ESA

The interpretive-execution facility of Enterprise Systems Architecture/390™ (ESA/390™) provides an instruction for the execution of virtual machines. This instruction, called START INTERPRETIVE EXECUTION (SIE), was initially created for virtualizing either System/370 or 370-XA architectures, and was used later for virtualizing ESA/370™ and ESA/390 architectures. SIE has evolved to provide capabilities for a number of specialized performance environments. Most recently it provides for the unique requirements of Enterprise Systems Architecture/Extended Configuration (ESA/XC) virtual-machine architecture. This comprehensive set of capabilities in the architecture serves as the platform for the ability of VM/ESA™ to provide functions in virtual machines for end users and system servers. This paper describes the evolution of SIE and outlines use of the various capabilities in VM/ESA.
Derivation of linear hebbian equations from a nonlinear hebbian model of synaptic plasticity

A linear Hebbian equation for synaptic plasticity is derived from a more complex, nonlinear model by considering the initial development of the difference between two equivalent excitatory projections. This provides a justification for the use of such a simple equation to model activity-dependent neural development and plasticity, and allows analysis of the biological origins of the terms in the equation. Connections to previously published models are discussed.
A network flow algorithm for optimal resource allocation

Abstract This paper introduces a network flow method for manpower scheduling and resource allocation. The network formulation of the problem permits the development of an algorithm that determines the minimal flow of resources through the network. The method presented here corresponds to the Simplex method, for in both methods the value of the objective function is optimized while the capacity limitations are preserved. The procedure proposed here, however, uses a more economical problem representation and is computationally more efficient. The efficacy of the minimal flow algorithm and its use is illustrated for a production system but the applicability of the procedure is sufficiently broad for it to work in other problem situations just as well.
Entrepreneurial judgment as empathic accuracy: a sequential decision-making approach to entrepreneurial action

Entrepreurship theory within economics has long touted the importance of judgment in entrepreneurial action. More recently, proponents have begun to advocate extension of this work to organization studies. However, critics of entrepreneurial judgment have responded by claiming that the construct is only meaningful post hoc and vapid when examined ex ante. Instead, they claim that, if entrepreneurship theory is to progress, then judgment must be replaced by a process logic known as effectuation. This article examines their claims and redefines the judgment dilemma as one of scope rather than existence. Empathic accuracy is then introduced to offer a means of addressing their criticism without having to deny the existence of entrepreneurial judgment. Empathic accuracy is also shown to be capable of explaining some of the cognitive mechanisms necessary for effectuation and dynamic socio-economic order.
Urinary lysosomal glycosidases after renal allotransplantation: correlation of enzyme excretion with allograft rejection and ischemia.

Abstract Urinary β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase and N -acetyl- β -glucosaminidase were measured in patients with renal allotransplants and compared with normal controls. Increased excretion of all three enzymes was noted in the transplant patients resulting possibly from mild chronic rejection. A second part of the investigation correlated renal function with daily N -acetyl- β -glucosaminidase excretion by the patients. In acute rejection, enzyme levels rose sharply from a baseline then decreased following successful treatment. With cadaveric grafts and initially good urinary flow, N -acetyl- β -glucosaminidase levels were high and decreased as creatinine clearance improved; however, with initial oliguria, levels were low and rose as diuresis began then decreased to a baseline. This was attributed to a washing out of enzyme released during the unavoidable ischemic period involved in handling cadaver kidneys. Because it reflects physiological changes in the kidney, daily monitoring of urinary N -acetyl- β -glucosaminidase should be helpful in the diagnosis of renal damage caused by rejection and ischemia.
Appendicitis: higher risk in Mexican Americans?

Abstract Objectives. Mexican Americans (MAs), compared to white non‐Hispanics (WNHs), have higher rates of biliary disease, noninsulin dependent diabetes, and endstage renal disease but lower rates of lung cancer, hip fractures, and mortality from coronary heart disease. Relatively little research has been done to identify other ethnic differences in disease incidence. We used surgical procedure rates to confirm known ethnic differences and to explore our clinical suspicion that MAs have higher rates of appendectomy than WNHs. Methods. We used a registry of surgical procedures at two teaching hospitals in South Texas to calculate proportional operation ratios (PORs) for MAs versus WNHs. These two hospitals are the primary source of acute hospital care for the indigent in the area. The POR is arithmetically identical to proportional incidence and mortality ratios. Results. MAs underwent appendectomy proportionally more often than WNHs at both hospitals (POR = 1.41 and 1.75, p < 0.0001). Other significant P...
Immobilization of a Mo,V-polyoxometalate on cationically modified mesoporous silica : Synthesis and characterization studies

Abstract This paper presents studies on the immobilization of the polyoxometalate [PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 ] −5 (referred to as “POM”) on modified mesoporous MCM-41. The MCM-41 host material was made cationic by functionalization of the surface with [(MeO) 3 Si(CH 2 ) 3 N + (CH 3 ) 3 ]Cl. In polar solvents, POM is deprotonated and could be easily immobilized by wet impregnation of the modified silica using MeOH as the solvent. The physical properties of the samples were examined using XRD, FTIR, DR UV–Vis spectroscopy, 31 P MAS-NMR, N 2 physisorption, and TEM. These techniques indicated that the POM is intact on the surface after impregnation. High loadings of POM caused a decrease in the surface area and pore volume of the solid, presumably due to both pore blockage and restructuring of the silica during wet impregnation. The texture and structure of the MCM-41 was studied as a function of POM loading.
Structured Experiences with the Educational Growth Group.

A five-step model is presented for conducting groups that enhance students' knowledge, self-awareness, and interpersonal skills. Differences between the educational growth group (EGG) model and other forms of group work are outlined. The goals and potential benefits for counselors are listed, along with examples of counselors' applications of the model. Counselors are urged to experiment with the EGG model, to adapt it to their work environments, and to report their results.
Effects of ion sputtering on semiconductor surfaces

Abstract Ion beam sputtering has been combined with Auger spectroscopy to study the effects of ion beams on semiconductor surfaces. Observations on the mass dependence of ion selective sputtering of two component systems are presented. The effects of ion implantation are explained in terms of atomic dilution. Experimental data are presented that illustrate the superposition of selective sputtering and implantation effects on the surface composition. Sample reduction from electron and ion beam interaction is illustrated. Apparent sample changes which one might observe from the effects of residual gas contamination and electric fields are also discussed.
Are Elderly Felons Treated More Leniently by the Criminal Justice System

California Offender Based Transaction System (O.B.T.S.) data are utilized to examine the processing of all elderly felons (N = 1,562) compared to felons twenty to fifty-nine (N = 160,413) to determine if elderly felons “get off easier.” Elderly criminals were treated more harshly at the front end of the criminal justice system (through conviction) and more leniently at sentencing. The apparent leniency at sentencing was not found for all offenses examined and thus the overall pattern of leniency was due to the mix of offenses for which the elderly were convicted. Though age was a better predictor of arrest rates than sex or race, the latter two variables were better predictors of processing by the criminal justice system.
Synthetic peptide libraries

Combinatorial chemistry is a rapidly developing field. It is now considered as one of the most important recent advances in medicinal chemistry. In addition to drug lead identification, combinatorial chemistry can also be applied to the optimization of the initial lead. Most pharmaceutical companies have been focusing their efforts on small-molecule library development because drug leads discovered from these libraries are more likely to be able to cross cellular membranes. Therefore, for intracellular targets, small-molecule libraries are preferred. However, for extracellular targets, particularly those with larger natural ligands such as insulin, growth factors, and cytokines, peptide or oligomeric non-peptide libraries may sometimes be very useful, since it is unlikely that a small molecule (e.g., MW 300–600) can bind to these receptors with high affinity. Peptide libraries are also useful for the development of drug leads for enzymes that use peptides as a substrate, e.g., protease, and protein kinase. These peptide drug leads can then be converted to active peptidomimetics. The development of drugs for peptide hormone receptors, and vaccines for both humoral and cellular immunity certainly are two additional areas where peptide libraries will play an important role.
Predictive conditionals as warnings in Isleño Spanish

Abstract Fluent speakers of the Isleno dialect of Spanish use predictive conditionals to indicate the future consequences of current actions concerning the fragile wetlands of southeastern Louisiana. The present tense is used almost exclusively, even in hypothetical cases, to indicate the speakers’ belief in the likelihood of the unfortunate consequences coming true. The conditionals are structured as general warnings in order to conform to the politeness rules of the community, in which solidarity is foremost and blame must not be assigned to the addressees.
The effect of increasing the negative pressure and widening of the vacuum-release ratio on the rate of removal of milk from the udder.

Summary 1.Data involving observations on 12 cows are presented to show the effects of increasing the negative pressures and widening the pulsation ratios upon the rates of milk flow and the completeness of milking. 2.Rates of milk withdrawal at the height of milking were established for 1 minute at 10, 12.5 and 15 inches Hg negative pressures and rates per 10 seconds for the 1:1 and 3:1 pulsation ratios at 10, 12 and 14 inches Hg and for the 1:1 and 2:1 pulsation ratios at 10, 12, 14 and 16 inches Hg negative pressure levels. 3.Each increment in negative pressure in the range of 10 to 16 inches Hg, increased the rate of milk withdrawal but not at uniform rates for all cows. 4.Widening the pulsation ratio increased the rate of milk withdrawal but not in proportion to the increased time of vacuum application. 5.In general there was lesser increase in the rate of milk withdrawal by the wider pulsation ratios as the negative pressures increased. 6.The effect of negative pressure and widening of the pulsation ratios upon the completeness of milking was variable. In the lower ranges increased negative pressure affected a more complete average evacuation of the gland at the “end point.” At 16 inches Hg negative pressure the reverse maintained. 7.Shape of the udder contributes to completeness of milking. Funnelshaped quarters milk out less completely than those where the udder floor is level.
Smoke and Toxicant Production During Thermal Degradation

A series of materials were tested in a radiant furnace for their production of toxicants (carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride) while concurrently measuring the weight remaining of the test specimen. In addition, the effect of sample form on toxicant production was considered for Douglas fir and polyvinyl chloride. The smoke-exposure profile was found to be dependent on the material's form. The specimen-irradiation time and the incident heat flux. The calculation of exposure using a Ct product based on the area under the production curve was found useful for smoke and toxicants. Concentrations of toxic gases produced were not linearly related to sample-weight loss throughout the experiments. The influence of sample form on smoke and toxicant production was greater for Douglas fir than for polyvinyl chloride. The results indicate that in toxicity tests samples should be tested in their end-use form and that a material's thermal properties may influence toxicity-value calculations.
Single access site laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: initial clinical experience.

Purpose: We present the initial clinical experience with single access site (SAS) laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: An 86-year-old woman presented with an 8-cm central-enhancing right renal lesion. The patient elected to undergo a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. A 7-cm paramedian incision was made just lateral to the left rectus muscle and cranial to the umbilicus. A GelPort® was inserted into the incision. Three trocars (12 mm, 10 mm, and 5 mm) were placed through the access port, and only standard laparoscopic instruments were used. The kidney was mobilized in the standard fashion. Controlling the renal artery with nonabsorbable polymer clips and the renal vein with a stapling device, the specimen was manipulated into a laparoscopic retrieval bag and removed intact. Hemostasis was confirmed, the GelPort was removed, and the 7-cm incision was closed. Results: The procedure was completed in 96 minutes without complications. Blood loss was estimated to be 10 mL. Postoperatively, th...
The Control Structure of Organizations: an Empirical Examination: Reply

Current research on the measurement of “control” or “influence” in organizational functioning is critically examined. Theoretical and methodological questions are raised and a revised method of ana...
Search Radar Cumulative Probability of Detection

A procedure is presented for computing radar range performance for different types of radars. It is associated with any arbitrary cumulative probability of detection and false alarm probability for a search radar when scanning uniformly. The emphasis is on presenting a model for engineering use, rather than on its theoretical justification.
OBSERVATIONS ON LOPHODINIUM POLYLOPHUM (DINOPHYCEAE)1

Lophodinium polylophum (Daday) Lemmermann is reported from a Texas pond. Cells have distinctive longitudinal ridges, an apical carina and slit, numerous golden chloroplasts, an eyespot, and a typical dinoflagellate nucleus. The theca appears to be composed of hexagonal plates. The genus is allied to Woloszynskia Thompson, family Lophodiniaceae, but probably not to the fossil Dinogymnium.
High frequency recombination in centromeric and histone regions of Drosophila genomes.

DNA SYNTHESIS in eukaryotes is asynchronous, with heterochromatin replicating later than euchromatin1. In Drosophila, autoradiographic studies of metaphase chromosomes from embryonic2 and cultured3 cells have shown that the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 2 is late replicating. The histone genes have been localised to subsections 39D and 39E in the left arm chromosome 2, close to the centromere4, and may be part of this late-replicating region for the following reasons. First, the five tandemly arranged histone coding sequences are reiterated approximately 50 times, and late-replicating DNA has been shown to contain significantly more repeated (but non-satellite) sequences than the genome as a whole5. Second, the histone genes are transcriptionally active in all but the final hours of the S phase, suggesting that their replication may be delayed6. Third, they are in close proximity to the centromere. Asynchrony has been detected in the recombination process as well. Heat treatment of Drosophila oocytes at sequential intervals during premeiotic-S phase elicits increases in recombination that follow a well-ordered pattern7. To investigate the possibility that the pattern of heat response parallels that of replication, the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosome 2 and the contiguous histone region have been examined for the time of their recombinational response to heat during the S phase. We present here evidence for late response in both regions. In addition, a level of response roughly two orders of magnitude greater than the average encountered in the genome has been found in these regions.
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of conjugated polymers incorporating 9,9-dialkyl-1,4-fluorenylene units with thiophene, carbazole and triarylamine comonomers

Three new poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives were synthesized via the Horner–Wittig condensation polymerization. The new polymers (P3–P5) incorporate recently developed 9,9-dihexyl-1,4-fluorenylene repeat units copolymerized with three different functional groups that are of interest for optoelectronic applications of organic semiconducting polymers (triphenylamine (P3), thiophene (P4) and carbazole (P5). The electrochemical properties were probed via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry for new polymers P3–P5, as well as previously reported but not electrochemically characterized poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivatives P1 and P2. The electronic absorption and photoluminescence properties of all five 1,4-fluorenylene-containing copolymers were characterized in solution and were compared to other poly(p-phenylenevinylene) copolymers with similar functional groups.
Vitamin D3 and D3 Metabolites in Young Goats Fed Varying Amounts of Calcium and Vitamin D3

Abstract Twenty-four male goats, 2 to 4 wk of age, were allotted to four dietary treatments in a 2×2 factorial design and, for 20 wk, were fed a milk diet at 12.5% body weight. Treatments varied in amounts of supplemental calcium and vitamin D 3 . Daily allowances per kilogram body weight were: 9.4 IU vitamin D 3 (basal), 9.4 IU vitamin D 3 plus 406mg calcium carbonate (basal plus Ca), 940 IU vitamin D 3 (basal plus D 3 ), and 940 IU vitamin D 3 plus 406mg calcium carbonate (basal plus Ca plus D 3 ). At the end of wk 7, a corn supplement was added to all diets at 1% body weight daily. Addition of vitamin D 3 to the diet resulted in a dramatic increase in plasma concentrations of vitamin D 3 . Goats in the basal plus D 3 and basal plus Ca plus D 3 groups had nearly 100× greater concentrations of vitamin D 3 than goats in the basal and basal plus Ca groups. When greater amounts of vitamin D 3 were fed, dietary calcium interacted to decrease plasma vitamin D 3 concentrations. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 were unaffected by additional dietary calcium but were increased by dietary vitamin D 3 , increasing sixfold to seven-fold in the basal plus D 3 and basal plus Ca plus D 3 groups. Supplemental calcium resulted in decreased plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . No signs of vitamin D toxicity were noted. The physiological responses reported implicate the goat as a potential animal model for vitamin D research in dairy cattle.
Do line-transect surveys systematically underestimate primate densities in logged forests?

The rate at which social groups of primates are encountered in disturbed rain forest may be biased relative to undisturbed rain forest. A recently reported case study revealed a 25% reduction in postlogging raw encounter rates even though the true density of primates remained at the prelogging level. If biased raw encounter rates are typical of disturbed forests, and if they translate into equally biased line-transect density estimates, results of many comparative surveys might prove misleading (ie, apparent declines of primates in disturbed forest may not be real). Here a set of line-transect density estimates from logged forest are tested for systematic bias by comparing them to range-mapping density estimates, and the response of a Fourier series detectability function to several hypothetical patterns of bias in raw encounter rates is illustrated. Tests of line-transect density estimates from logged forest provide no evidence of systematic bias. The Fourier series results suggest that biased raw encounter rates may often be ameliorated by line-transect density estimators. Available evidence suggests that line-transect density estimates or similarly transformed encounter rates usually provide reliable comparative results within the limits of a particular study's resolution. In contrast, conclusions drawn directly from comparative raw encounter rates (without transforming them into density estimates) are more prone to error.
Temperature dependence study of the quadrupole interaction of111Cd in tellurium

A quadrupole interaction corresponding to an interstitial site of axial symmetry has been observed for the 247 keV state of111Cd in tellurium. A possible site is suggested, but little or no temperature dependence has been observed.
Phenology of roots and mycorrhiza in orchid species differing in phototrophic strategy

Summary • The mycorrhiza of orchids represents an energy source that may replace or supplement photosynthesis. Dependency on mycotrophy in adult life stages would thus be expected to be inversely related to the prevalence of phototrophic structures. • The phenology of underground parts and mycorrhizal infection were monitored in five terrestrial species differing in leaf phenology (and thus in phototrophic strategy): Goodyera pubescens (evergreen), Tipularia discolor (wintergreen), Galearis spectabilis and Liparis lilifolia (summergreen) and Corallorhiza odontorhiza (chlorophyll deficient), growing sympatrically in a North American deciduous forest. • Mycorrhizal infection was extensive in T. discolor roots and C. odontorhiza rhizomes. Only the proximal part of roots was infected in G. pubescens, and mycorrhizal colonisation was patchy in roots and tubers of G. spectabilis and localized in the rhizome in L. lilifolia. Mycotrophic roots were long-lived (1.5–3 yrs) determinate structures and mycorrhizal infection reached maximum intensity 2–6 months after development. Mycotrophy appeared to be active all year round in mature organs. • The phenology of mycotrophic roots and patterns of mycorrhizal infection were not related to the leafy season. The hypothesis that phototrophic and mycotrophic nutrition alternate through the seasons could not be confirmed.
Genetic Relationships between Two Sibling Species of Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Jeffrey Pine Beetle and Mountain Pine Beetle, in Northern California

The genetic relationship between two sibling bark beetle species from northern California, the Jeffrey pine beetle, Dendroctonus jeffreyi Hopkins, and the mountain pine beetle, D.ponderosae Hopkins, was examined by electrophoresis. The genetic differences found between the Jeffrey pine beetle and the mountain pine beetle support their current designation as separate species. Two gene loci were fixed for different alleles in the two groups and provide strong evidence that gene flow does not occur between them. At several other loci, less striking but nevertheless significant differences were observed. The level of overall genetic similarity between the Jeffrey pine beetle and the mountain pine beetle was much lower than that found between conspecific populations of either group.
Development of a Comprehensive Watershed Model Applied to Study Stream Yield under Drought Conditions

We developed a model code to simulate a watershed's hydrology and the hydraulic response of an interconnected stream-aquifer system, and applied the model code to the Lower Republican River Basin in Kansas. The model code links two well-known computer programs: MODFLOW (modular 3-D flow model), which simulates ground water flow and stream-aquifer interaction; and SWAT (soil water assessment tool), a soil water budget simulator for an agricultural watershed. SWAT represents a basin as a collection of subbasins in terms of soil, land use, and weather data, and simulates each subbasin on a daily basis to determine runoff, percolation, evaporation, irrigation, pond seepage, and crop growth. Because SWAT applies a lumped hydrologic model to each sub-basin, spatial heterogeneities with respect to factors such as soil type and land use are not resolved geographically, but can instead be represented statistically. For the Republican River Basin model, each combination of six soil types and three land uses, referred to as a hydrologic response unit (HRU), was simulated with a separate execution of SWAT. A spatially weighted average was then taken over these results for each hydrologic flux and time step by a separate program, SWBAVG. We wrote a package for MODFLOW to associate each subbasin with a subset of aquifer grid cells and stream reaches, and to distribute the hydrologic fluxes given for each subbasin by SWAT and SWBAVG over MODFLOW's stream-aquifer grid to represent tributary flow, surface and ground water diversions, ground water recharge, and evapotranspiration from ground water. The Lower Republican River Basin model was calibrated with respect to measured ground water levels, streamflow, and reported irrigation water use. The model was used to examine the relative contributions of stream yield components and the impact on stream yield and base flow of administrative measures to restrict irrigation water use during droughts. Model results indicate that tributary flow is the dominant component of stream yield and that reduction of irrigation water use produces a corresponding increase in base flow and stream yield. However, the increase in stream yield resulting from reduced water use does not appear to be of sufficient magnitude to restore minimum desirable streamflows.
Co-channel interference modeling and analysis in a Poisson field of interferers in wireless communications

The paper considers interference in a wireless communication network caused by users that share the same propagation medium. Under the assumption that the interfering users are spatially Poisson distributed and under a power-law propagation loss function, it has been shown in the past that the interference instantaneous amplitude at the receiver is /spl alpha/-stable distributed. Past work has not considered the second-order statistics of the interference and has relied on the assumption that interference samples are independent. In this paper, we provide analytic expressions for the interference second-order statistics and show that depending on the properties of the users' holding times, the interference can be correlated. We provide conditions under which the interference becomes m-dependent, /spl phi/-mixing, or long-range dependent. Finally, we present some implications of our theoretical findings on signal detection.
Heat, heat waves, and hospital admissions among the elderly in the United States, 1992-2006

Background: Heat-wave frequency, intensity, and duration are increasing with global climate change. The association between heat and mortality in the elderly is well documented, but less is known r...
A View from a Distance

Susan Reynolds's article is a culmination and a turning point. It builds on several approaches to medieval law and culture, of which two strike me as especially important. One is a study of legal history as a domain of human activity, especially habitual or routine activity, pursued by a wide range of social groups. The other is a search for the meaning and the criteria of the enormous transition during the central Middle Ages, which Christopher Dawson at the dawn of this subject, and Robert Bartlett in its currently definitive moment, have identified as “the making of Europe.” The first subject exists above all thanks to the work of Reynolds herself, while the second is an outcome of a number of quite distinct scholarly trajectories, spanning several generations. Apart from some suggestive and implicit links, those two subjects have, over the past quarter century, been pursued separately. Reynolds's article brings them together.
Perceived Racism as a Predictor of Paranoia among African Americans.

Recent theoretical models suggest that perceived racism acts as a stressor for African Americans and may be associated with a variety of negative psychological consequences, notably paranoia. Paranoia among African Americans is believed to reflect the lower end of the paranoia continuum based on experiences with racism. Thus, it may be beneficial to measure paranoia on a continuum, but few studies have adopted this strategy. This study examined the relationship between perceived racism and paranoia across the continuum in 128 African American college students. Participants completed three measures of paranoia and measures of perceived racism, depression, anger, self-consciousness, and hostile perceptions. The continuum of paranoia included measures reflecting cultural, nonclinical, and clinical paranoia. Perceived racism predicted cultural mistrust and nonclinical paranoia (lower end of the paranoia continuum) but not clinical paranoia. The implications of perceived racism in the prediction of paranoia for African Americans are discussed.
The multiturn half-loop antenna

The multiturn half-loop antenna consists of a coaxial array of N circular, half loops mounted perpendicular to a conducting image plane and interconnected beneath the image plane by a set of N-1 coaxial transmission lines. This antenna is analyzed using a Fourier series expansion for the current in the loops and a new, accurate model for the excitation of the loops by the TEM field in the coaxial apertures at their ends. When this structure is electrically small, the currents in all of the loops are approximately equal; hence, it has the well-know characteristics of an electrically small multiturn loop antenna. For a structure of general electrical size, both the radius of the loops and the lengths of the transmission lines can be adjusted to optimize the performance of the antenna for a particular application. Surprisingly, proper phasing of the excitations can make a multiturn half-loop antenna of moderate electrical size have a simple toroidal pattern, a pattern that can be obtained for a single-turn, half-loop antenna only when it is electrically small. This result is verified experimentally for a two-turn loop. Examples are shown where electrically large loops are phased with the interconnecting transmission lines to produce nearly optimum end-fire and broadside patterns. >
Wilton Marion Krogman, Ph.D. (1903–1987): The End of an Era

Dr. Wilton Marion Krogman was one of the major founders of physical and forensic anthropology in the United States. His extraordinary career spanned nearly six decades, and he was universally admired and respected for his scholarship, teaching, research, wit, and humanity. While studies based on human skeletal remains have long been used to assist the medicolegal system, the late Dr. Krogman can be credited with uniting these areas into the discipline of forensic anthropology. His "Guide to the Identification of Human Skeletal Material" (1939) in the F.B.I. Law Enforcement Bulletin became the foundation of this discipline; his monumental book The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine (updated with the author in 1986) solidified its establishment. The purpose of this paper is to pay tribute to this great man and outline his influence on the development and advancement of forensic anthropology.
Determination of tryptophan as the reduced derivative by acid hydrolysis and chromatography

Abstract A new procedure for the analyses of tryptophan and the total amino acid composition of proteins was based on the observations that pyridine borane reduces tryptophan in trifluoroacetic acid, while other amino acids remain intact [ M. Kurata, Y. Kikugawa, T. Kuwae, I. Koyama, and T. Takagi (1980) Chem. Pharm. Bull.28, 2274–2275 ; W. S. D. Wong, D. T. Osuga, and R. E. Feeney (1984) Anal. Biochem.139, 58–67 ]. Concentrated HCl was used instead of trifluoroacetic acid for analytical purposes. The products were stable to hydrolysis in 6 n HCl, and the reduction did not interfere with hydrolysis and subsequent analyses. Quantitative recovery was achieved with most proteins when they were subjected to acid reduction in ice-cooled cocentrated HCl with two incremental additions of pyridine borane. The reaction was terminated after 10 min by dilution with an equal volume of H2O, vacuum sealing, and hydrolyzing at 110°C for 22 h. The yields of the expected values for cytochrome c, catalase, bovine serum albumin, subtilisin BPN′, trypsin, chymotrypsin, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, and pepsin were obtained. Ovotransferrin and ovalbumin, however, yielded values for tryptophan lower than literature values. With two different ion-exchange methods, the recoveries of all other amino acids were comparable to those obtained by acid hydrolysis with 6 n HCl. Since the same hydrolysate can be analyzed for both tryptophan and all the other amino acids, the procedure is a more convenient method than those requiring separate determinations. Initial results indicate that the method may be applied to high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures with adaptations of the protocols if necessary.
COPING RATIONALLY WITH AMBIGUITY: ROBUSTNESS VERSUS AMBIGUITY-AVERSION

Al-Najjar and Weinstein (2009) argue that the extant literature on ambiguity aversion is not successful in accounting for Ellsberg choices as rational responses to ambiguity. We concur, and propose that rational choice under ambiguity aims at robustness rather than avoidance of ambiguity. A central argument explains why robust choice is intrinsically context-dependent and legitimately violates standard choice consistency conditions. If choice consistency is forced, however, ambiguity-aversion emerges as a semi-rational response to ambiguity.