cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constitutive mdmx expression during cell growth, differentiation, and DNA damage.

The mdmx gene was shown to possess high homology to the mdm-2 gene and to encode a protein that can bind p53 and block p53 transactivation. Because Mdm-2 protein blocks the growth-suppressive activity of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein through similar activities, we examined the expression patterns of mdmx to determine how MdmX expression correlates with p53 protein levels. In this study, the expression pattern and protein levels of mdmx were examined in a number of cell culture systems. Like mdm-2, mdmx gene expression was constitutive during serum deprivation/restimulation of murine fibroblasts and differentiation of either murine teratocarcinoma or preadipocyte cells. In contrast, whereas mdm-2 gene expression was induced after cisplatin damage to ovarian carcinoma cells, mdmx expression remained constitutive. Because p53 transactivation is critical following a genotoxic stress, we examined p53:MdmX complexes after in vitro DNA-PK phosphorylation, a posttranslational modification that blocks p53 assoc...
Prostate Cancer Chemoprevention by Dietary Agents: Advocating a Personalized Multi-agent Approach

Cancer chemoprevention research is rapidly evolving and our knowledge about the disease constantly updated. There is increasing acceptance of the fact that cancer is as diverse as the individual is and therefore needs a personalized rather than a generalized approach. This is true for chemoprevention but is also valid for chemotherapeutic intervention. Chemoprevention refers to the use of agents to intervene in the process of carcinogenesis with the intention to delay or inhibit the progression of cancer. Of all cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is considered an ideal disease for chemopreventive intervention because its long latency provides a substantial opportunity to delay the onset of clinically detectable disease. Chemopreventive interventions need to be widely accepted and nontoxic since they would run over long periods of time and in usually healthy populations. In search for safe and nontoxic chemopreventive agents, many naturally occurring bioactive food components, capable of affording protection against carcinogenesis, have been defined. While laboratory studies with these agents have been promising, clinical trials have not yielded desired results. Considering the fact that carcinogenesis is a multistep process, it is unlikely that single-agent approach could prove effective in preventing cancer in individuals. We support the need to build an armamentarium of mechanism-based naturally occurring chemopreventive substances that could prevent or slow down the development and progression of cancer in general and use their tailored combination in different populations based on identified risk factors. Thus, the new effective approach for cancer chemoprevention prevention “building a customized mechanism-based chemoprevention cocktail of naturally occurring substances” is advocated.
Abstract 59: Predictors of Intracranial Hemorrhage in SWIFT

Introduction: The main aim of this study is to investigate the mechanistic and clinical factors contributing to the beneficial effect of Solitaire over Merci in lowering symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) in the SWIFT trial. We also sought to determine which radiographic ICH subtype affects clinical outcome. Methods: The SWIFT trial database was analyzed for incidence of different ICH subtypes in all 144 enrolled patients. Each ICH subtype was correlated with baseline clinical and imaging characteristics, procedural factors, and clinical outcome. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the most significant predictors of the individual ICH subtypes. Results: Table Among all analyzed clinical and procedural factors for each ICH subtype, rescue therapy with TPA was the most common ICH predictor and occurred more frequently in the Merci group, although this difference was not statistically significant (10.9% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.085). Basal ganglia ICH was the only radiographic subtype associated with worsened outcome at 90 days (OR 3.33; p = 0.025). SICH was associated with higher mortality (OR 5.73; p = 0.048), mRS shift (OR 2.41; p = 0.011), and high NIHSS (ME 22.35 points; p = 0.004) at 90 days. Conclusions: The higher rate of ICH in the Merci arm was mainly due to increased occurrence of SAH, and to a lesser degree of IVH, PH2, and cortical ICH. Each one of these ICH subtypes was strongly associated with TPA rescue therapy. In comparison to Merci device, Solitaire likely offsets SICH due to lower incidence of vascular injury and decreased need for additional TPA administration. Other predictors of PH2, SAH, and SICH were high baseline INR, ASPECTS, and NIHSS, respectively, none of which differed between the two treatment arms. Basal ganglia ICH was the only radiographic subtype affecting clinical outcome. This type of hemorrhage was associated with higher reperfusion, prolonged time to treatment, and was also influenced by rescue therapy with TPA.
Some relationships between creativity and perception in sixth-grade children.

This study sought to explore possible relationships between perceptual behaviors and measures of creative thinking. 136 sixth-grade children in an elementary school district in Newhall, California, were tested on the perceptual variables of: (a) preference for complexity, (b) field-independence, (c) ability to differentiate form in drawing, and (d) on non-verbal measures of creative thinking developed by Torrance. A correlational analysis separately by sex did not confirm the hypothesized relationships between the perceptual variables and measures of creative thinking. These relationships had been predicted from a study of the previous research done on creativity and perception. The study did find significant sex differences on a number of the creativity measures.
An Approach to Normative Segmentation

In current approaches to normative market segmentation, development of segments and allocation of resources to these segments are considered as two independent steps. The result may be infeasible o...
Management of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction: 4-year experience at an urban medical center

OBJECTIVES In 2008, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology released guidelines for the management of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction (CIMI). We hypothesized that CIMI patients are likely to receive less invasive and more conservative management than patients with MI without history of cocaine use. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients younger than 65 years presenting with acute MI between April 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. Patients were classified as cocaine-negative MI or CIMI based on either urine toxicology results or self-reported cocaine use. Categorical and continuous variables were compared using χ(2) or t test as appropriate. The primary outcome was cardiac catheterization or stress testing. The secondary outcome was a 30-day readmission rate for major adverse cardiovascular events. Multiple logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcomes adjusting for patient demographics and comorbidities. RESULTS Of 378 MI patients, 4.2 % had CIMI. CIMI patients were younger (50 vs 54 years; P < 0.01) predominantly African American (56% vs 16%, P < 0.01), and mostly active smokers (88% vs 58%, P = 0.02). They were more likely to receive stress testing (adjusted OR 3.61, 95% confidence interval 1.04-12.53) and less likely to undergo cardiac catheterization (adjusted OR 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.45). The 30-day readmission rate for major adverse cardiovascular events was higher in CIMI compared with cocaine-negative MI patients (38% vs 13%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The use of cocaine in patients presenting with acute MI appears to impact management decisions of providers. Patient-centered postdischarge arrangements need better coordination for this patient group to optimize their follow-up care.
A branch-and-bound algorithm for the concave cost supply problem

Effective supplier selection and allocation of order quantity among multiple suppliers are indispensable to the success of a manufacturing company. While companies have begun to turn into a comprehensive multi-criteria approach, most buyers still consider purchasing cost to be their primary concern in selecting their suppliers. In this paper, we consider the concave cost supply problem where a manufacturer seeks to select the suppliers and simultaneously procure the quantity of material/component required for production at the minimum total cost during a standard production period. We provide and validate an effective and efficient branch-and-bound algorithm that is finite and that finds the global optimal solution of the problem without any restrictions on the cost functions or on the set of input parameters used in the problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Simulation of the Inter-turn Short Circuit in Rotor Windings Based on FRA

Based on frequency response analysis(FRA), simulation of the inter-turn short circuit in rotor windings is presented. Distributed capacitance and inductance parameters of a 1000MW steam turbine generator rotor winding in different conditions, which constitute the two-port network, are obtained by finite element simulation. Results show that, frequency response curves peaks almost locate around 150 kHz and inter-turn short circuits will lead resonance peaks to high frequency direction. They are positive correlation. Meanwhile, frequency response curves of windings in different slots are apparently dissimilar in resonance peaks location and amplitude due to the different parameters.
Salmonella Typhi–Induced Septic Shock and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Previously Healthy Teenage Patient Treated With High-Dose Dexamethasone:

Typhoid fever is commonly characterized by fever and abdominal pain. Rare complications include intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, delirium, obtundation, and septic shock. Herein we describe the case of a previously healthy 16-year-old male without history of travel, diagnosed with typhoid fever complicated by septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-dose dexamethasone. This case details severe complications of typhoid fever that are uncommonly seen in developed countries, and the successful response to high-dose dexamethasone as adjunct therapy. High-dose dexamethasone treatment has reportedly decreased Salmonella Typhi mortality, but controlled studies specifically performed in children are lacking, and most reports of its use are over 30 years old and all have originated in developing countries. Providers should include Salmonella Typhi in the differential diagnosis of the pediatric patient with fever, severe abdominal pain, and enteritis, and be aware of its potentially severe complications and the limited data on safety and efficacy of adjunctive therapies that can be considered in addition to antibiotics.
Is chemosensory input essential for the rapid rejection of toxic foods

Herbivorous insects often rapidly reject foods containing toxic plant compounds. While the functional significance of this rejection response is clear, the mechanistic basis is not. The role of peripheral chemoreceptors in the rapid rejection of toxic foods was examined using a model system consisting of nicotine and the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), which is a pest of tobacco plants. When offered diets containing naturally occurring concentrations of nicotine, larvae initially fed readily, but abruptly stopped feeding within 30s. A high percentage of larvae also exhibited toxic responses mediated by the central nervous system (twitching and writhing) to the ingested nicotine within 30s, indicating that nicotine could have been absorbed within the same time as the rejection response. Two lines of evidence are provided against a role of peripheral chemoreceptors in this rapid rejection response. First, all mouthpart chemoreceptors were ablated from the larvae, and they were then subjected to feeding tests with diets containing either nicotine or a compound (caffeine) that is known to stimulate deterrent taste receptors in M. sexta. Whereas the ablations virtually eliminated the rejection response to caffeine, they had no measurable impact on the rejection response to nicotine. Second, sensory recordings from two important gustatory sensilla (the medial and lateral styloconica) failed to demonstrate a plausible role of sensory input from either sensillum in the rapid rejection of nicotine. The most parsimonious interpretation of these results is that the nicotine rejection response was mediated by a rapidly acting post-ingestive mechanism.
A Character-Based Constructional Approach to Chinese Imperfective Aspect Markers 在Zai and 着Zhe

在 zai and着 zhe are commonly recognized imperfective aspect makers in Mandarin Chinese, though there are noticeable differences between their distributions and functions. By resorting to origins, historical evolutions, and corpus data for the meanings and functions of these two characters, it can be observed that they are both polysemies displaying semantic networks organized around a central sense respectively and the characters 在 and 着 are distinct form and meaning pairings. 在 is a construction indicating presence within a certain range while 着generally denotes ‘reach to’. Related to their basic meanings, 在 and 着 exhibit some constraints respectively when marking imperfective aspect. From this character-based constructional account, 在’s and 着’s qualifications as Chinese imperfective aspect markers are theoretically arguable.
Is the Welfare State Justified?: Welfare or Means-Tested Benefits, Part I

In Chapter 6 I argued that egalitarianism and its prioritarian cousin should consider private charity to be at least as just as state conditional welfare. In this chapter I come to the same conclusion with regard to the positive-rights theory, communitarianism, and the requirement of epistemic accessibility. The Right to Welfare If one thinks that there is a basic right to welfare, it may seem obvious that state welfare is preferable to voluntary aid. After all, no one who receives aid from charitable institutions or donors has a right to that aid. So how could state welfare fail to be clearly superior to a voluntary alternative? However, things are not quite what they seem. If one believes that there is a right to welfare, it does not follow that state welfare has a clear and easy victory over voluntary assistance. The Content of the Right A legal right to welfare is either a right of the needy or those below a certain income to cash transfers or certain services, or a right to have or obtain a certain level of well-being that these transfers and aid are supposed to provide. If a right to welfare is the former, then virtually by definition state welfare beats voluntary aid. Whether unconditional or conditional state aid is better is unclear because this depends on who should be the bearers of the right. If it is anyone who falls below a certain income, then unconditional state welfare is superior.
Modern Human Diet

Humans have myriad adaptations to diet. This chapter considers these adaptations in relation to contemporary human diets and biology, highlighting the ways in which these diets have changed over our evolutionary and recent history and the ways in which those changes have had consequences for biological function. Specific topics include diet and the evolution of bipedalism and the large brain, genetic adaptations to agricultural diets, the globalization and industrialization of diet, and the consequences for human biology. Paleolithic-inspired diets are also reviewed, as well as vegetarian diets and caloric restriction as dietary means to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
Objective Determination of Acoustic Quality in a Multipurpose Auditorium

Significant differences in listening qualities have been reported by the audience attending wide varieties of functions ranging from orchestral music to stage drama and public announcements at the multipurpose auditorium of the Miami University Hamilton campus. Preliminary investigations have been conducted to examine the difference in sound qualities utilizing impulse responses at various seating sections throughout the auditorium, based on standardized measurement procedures. Detailed comparisons of measured acoustic quality parameters have been made against the available data in literature for statistically determined optimal acoustic conditions. Each measured range of parameter values has been analyzed to determine the distribution characteristics over a pre-determined set of locations on the audience seating area. Recommendations for improvements are presented throughout the paper.
Necklace beam generation using structured light in metamaterials

We predict analytically and confirm numerically the possibility of necklace beam generation originating from spatial modulation instability of vortex beams in engineered optical media, such as, colloidal and negative-index materials, with different types of nonlinearity.
Classic therapeutic trials in hypertension. Were patients vulnerable to unsuppressed peak morning blood pressure

A metaanalysis of the major clinical trials on the benefits of antihypertensive therapy revealed that there is an overall reduction of coronary events by treatment, but that it is only about one-half of the reduction predicted. The reduction in stroke achieved the predicted number. This "failure" has been attributed to study design, patient age at entry, preexisting disease, high-lipid diets, drug-associated cardiac dysrhythmias, and the "J-curve" effect. It is also possible that the drugs used in these trials did not suppress the morning acceleration of blood pressure during which most coronary and cerebrovascular events occur. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring studies suggest that antihypertensive drugs reduce overall blood pressure throughout the 24-h period, but do not change the circadian curve. The beneficial effect of antihypertensive therapy probably rests with the magnitude of blood pressure reduction. It is unlikely that lack of suppression of morning acceleration alone accounted for the failure of "older" drugs to prevent as much cardiac mortality as expected.
The 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, Earthquake Sequence : Impetus for Rethinking the Way We Evaluate and Mitigate Liquefaction

Liquefaction is a common cause of ground failure during earthquakes and is directly responsible for tremendous damage to infrastructure. Evidence of the impact of liquefaction includes failure of bridge foundations due to lateral spreading, settlement and tilting of structures, cracking and buckling of roadways, and failure of buried lifelines (e.g. water, sewer, gas, and electrical lines) due to flotation or differential movements, among others. These effects were vividly displayed during the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence (CES) in New Zealand, which caused widespread, severe, and recurrent liquefaction throughout the city of Christchurch.
A perspective on techniques for enhancing speckled imagery

Images that are obtained with coherent sensors are corrupted with spbts of varying gray level values called speckle noise. Recently there has been a lot of interest in the problem of enhancing speckled imagery especially in the fields of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and coherent laser radar processing. This paper surveys the various methods that have been suggested for speckle removal, and a perspective on their applicability and shortcomings is presented. New experimental results are also included.
Does Mid-Urethral Sling Surgery in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence Affect Weight Changes in Women? A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Internal Controls

ABSTRACT Objective: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder among women. This is particularly bothersome to physically active women, such as those who serve in the Armed Forces. With the documented success of the midurethral sling (MUS) in the treatment of SUI, more women are electing to undergo surgical treatment. Studies document that women have less inhibition about exercise as a result of decreased incontinence following MUS surgery. We sought to determine if MUS surgery is associated with a change in weight postoperatively resulting from increased levels of activity following surgery. We hypothesized that women, particularly active duty (AD) women, would experience a decrease in weight and body mass index (BMI) in the year following the MUS procedure. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the military electronic medical record system. The subjects included AD military and civilian (CV) patients who underwent MUS surgery at tertiary care centers between July 2006 and March 2013....
Self-Reported Fear Predicts Functional Performance and Second ACL Injury After ACL Reconstruction and Return to Sport: A Pilot Study

Background:Outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are highly variable. Previous studies have failed to report the relationship between fear, objective measures of function,...
A Disciple in Damascus

The story of Saul of Tarsus's switch from enthusiastic support of mainstream Judaism to joining and preaching the new messianic Judaism of the Jesus followers of his day invites probing into what t...
If Other Kinds of Nervous Systems Exist in the Universe, How Do We Locate and Identify Them?

The idea that scientists could take the one and only example of a biological control system that developed on planet Earth, which we call a “nervous system”, and compare it with similar or analogous systems that we do not yet know even exist on other worlds would seem to be a totally impossible task. Yet, those of us who call ourselves astrobiologists are now finding that our new science is quickly approaching a critical point when we will need to have this information, or at least have developed a sound strategy for obtaining it when we get the opportunity which, hopefully, will not be too far in the future. With the recent finding that life on our planet is far older, far more diverse, and far more resistant to destruction than previously believed (i.e., the discovery of extremophile forms of life everywhere), along with the sudden and rapid surge of discoveries of possible homes (exoplanets or their moons) for alien life everywhere in space, many of our space and life scientists are now beginning to feel the urgent need to begin making preparations for investigating what may be the next big breakthrough in astrobiology related to determining not only what life “is or is not” but also how it functions and interacts with its own surrounding environments. Our astrobiologists need to now start thinking about how ETs, if they exist, might interact not only with their own environments but perhaps also with us humans who might be about to become “their” new fellow inhabitants of “our” universe.
The Development of a Graduate Curriculum for Software Assurance

One of our challenges as educators is timely incorporation of research into curricula that can be adopted by universities to ultimately improve software engineering practice. In this paper, we describe the work of the Master of Software Assurance curriculum project. This includes our sources, process, products, adoption strategies, and early adoption experiences. The project used research results, prior curricula, and documented bodies of knowledge to develop a new curriculum. We are now working with early adopters and employing a number of transition mechanisms as part of our strategy to further adoption in this critical area.
World-Wide Communication of Spectroscopic Information

There are hundreds of thousands of spectroscopists in the world, and they carry out tens of thousands of investigations and obtain hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of results, but the potential value of all this effort is largely lost because of an archaic and ineffective means of communication of these results.
In vitro synthesis of single-stranded DNA complementary to histone messenger RNAs.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a procedure for the synthesis of a single-stranded DNA complementary to histone messenger RNAs. The histone mRNAs when isolated from the polyribosomes of S -phase HeLa cells lack poly(A) at their 3’-OH termini. However, adenosine monophosphate (AMP) residues can be added to these messages, and as such they become effective templates for transcription by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Characterization and specificity of the histone complementary DNA (cDNA) probe are considered in this chapter. The discovery and demonstration of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) have provided a very useful approach for the study of specific messenger RNAs. The enzyme makes possible the synthesis of high-resolution probes, cDNA molecules for the detection and quantitation of specific RNA sequences by nucleic acid hybridization techniques. As RNA-dependent DNA polymerase requires a primer, the presence of 150–200 AMP residues at the 3'-OH termini of most eukaryotic mRNAs has facilitated transcription by the enzyme. Exogenous oligo(dT) readily anneals to these terminal poly(A) sequences, thus providing an effective primer for transcription of cDNA.
That the Same Mathematical Model Applies in Epistemology

We seek to show that the mathematical model which applies in regard to the committee and the choice-making of the individual and the individual’s reckoning of probability, has some implication also in the theory of knowledge. The same mathematical model might provide a frame of reference, setting out the common element in the various theories of knowledge, the mode of reasoning which they share.
Specialty Classifications of Physicians Who Provide Neurocritical Care in the United States.

We sought to characterize the specialty classification of US physicians who provide critical care for neurological/neurosurgical disease. Using inpatient claims between 2009 and 2015 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we selected hospitalizations for neurological/neurosurgical diseases with potential to result in life-threatening manifestations requiring critical care. Using Current Procedural Terminology® codes, we determined the medical specialty of providers submitting critical care claims, and, using National Provider Identifier numbers, we merged in data from the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS) to determine whether the provider was a UCNS diplomate in neurocritical care. We defined providers with a clinical neuroscience background as neurologists, neurosurgeons, and/or UCNS diplomates in neurocritical care. We defined neurocritical care service as a critical care claim with a qualifying neurological/neurosurgical diagnosis in patients with a relevant primary hospital discharge diagnosis and ≥ 3 total critical care claims, excluding claims from the first day of hospitalization since these were mostly emergency-department claims. Our findings were reported using descriptive statistics with exact confidence intervals (CI). Among 1,952,305 Medicare beneficiaries, we identified 99,937 hospitalizations with at least one claim for neurocritical care. In our primary analysis, neurologists accounted for 28.0% (95% CI, 27.5–28.5%) of claims, neurosurgeons for 3.7% (95% CI, 3.5–3.9%), UCNS-certified neurointensivists for 25.8% (95% CI, 25.3–26.3%), and providers with any clinical neuroscience background for 42.8% (95% CI, 42.2–43.3%). The likelihood of management by physicians with a clinical neuroscience background increased proportionally with patients’ county-level socioeconomic status and such providers were 3 times more likely to be based at an academic medical center than other physicians who billed for critical care in our sample (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–8.1). Physicians with a dedicated clinical neuroscience background accounted for less than half of neurocritical care service in US Medicare beneficiaries.
Unconventional ferromagnetism in epitaxial (111) LaNiO 3

We report the observation of ferromagnetism in thin films of paramagnetic metal ${\mathrm{LaNiO}}_{3}$ grown on nonmagnetic insulating substrate ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$(111) substrates. The films exhibit a large hysteresis loop on magnetoresistance and anomalous Hall effect as well as sixfold anisotropic magnetoresistance. Together with the ferroelectricity and inversion symmetry breaking reported in the same system, these results suggest that, by the geometric constraints by the substrate, paramagnetic metals can turn into ferromagnetic semiconductors. The ferromagnetic ground state is consistent with the predicted spin-split Fermi surfaces of spin-orbit-coupled correlated metals. Moreover, our results reveal a positive linear magnetoresistance and a sign reversal of hysteresis loop, which is consistent with the existence of a massive Dirac point as predicted by theories.
The case for greater faculty diversity: examining the educational impacts of student-faculty racial/ethnic match

Faculty diversity has benefits for all students; however, increasing faculty diversity may be particularly helpful in reducing academic disparities for students of color. This study examines the im...
Paenibacillus larvae bacteriophages: obscure past, promising future.

Paenibacillus larvae is a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB), the most devastating bacterial disease of the honeybee. P. larvae is antibiotic resistant, complicating treatment efforts. Bacteriophages that target P. larvae are rapidly emerging as a promising treatment. The first P. larvae phages were isolated in the 1950s, but as P. larvae was not antibiotic resistant at the time, interest in them remained scant. Interest in P. larvae phages has grown rapidly since the first P. larvae phage genome was sequenced in 2013. Since then, the number of sequenced P. larvae phage genomes has reached 48 and is set to grow further. All sequenced P. larvae phages encode a conserved N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase that is responsible for cleaving the peptidoglycan cell wall of P. larvae . All P. larvae phages also encode either an integrase, excisionase or Cro/CI, indicating that they are temperate. In the last few years, several studies have been published on using P. larvae phages and the P. larvae phage amidase as treatments for AFB. Studies were conducted on infected larvae in vitro and also on hives in the field. The phages have a prophylactic effect, preventing infection, and also a curative effect, helping resolve infection. P. larvae phages have a narrow range, lysing only P. larvae , and are unable to lyse even related Paenibacillus species. P. larvae phages thus appear to be safe to use and effective as treatment for AFB, and interest in them in the coming years will continue to grow.
Tensor Properties of Crystals

Due to the spatial symmetry of crystals discussed in 1, many important physical properties of a crystalline material depend on the orientation of the sample with respect to some specifically defined coordinate directions. Examples of such properties are electrical conductivity, elasticity, the piezoelectric effect, and nonlinear optics. The last of these is treated in detail in. In this chapter the tensor operator formalism that uses symmetry for treating these properties is summarized, and some specific examples are presented. The discussion focuses on bulk, macroscopic properties of materials and does not include surface effects or microscopic phenomena. The concepts of group theory developed in 2 are useful in elucidating the qualitative characteristics of these physical properties in materials with different crystal structures. The quantitative values for these properties must be found by experimental measurement. The tensor operator approach to material properties summarized here was developed extensively by Nye and is presented in detail in his book on the topic [1]. It should be noted that not all physical properties can be represented as tensors. Examples of nontensor properties include dielectric strength and surface hardness.
Generating Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells for Experimental and Clinical Applications Using Commercially Available Serum-Free Medium.

Advances in fundamental and applied immunology research often originate from pilot studies utilizing animal models. While cattle represent an ideal model for disease pathogenesis and vaccinology research for a number of human disease, optimized bovine culture models have yet to be fully established. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) are critical in activating adaptive immunity and are an attractive subset for experimental and clinical applications. The use of serum-supplemented culture medium in this ex vivo approach is undesirable as serum contains unknown quantities of immune-modulating components and may induce unwanted immune responses if not autologous. Here, we describe a standardized protocol for generating bovine MoDC in serum-free medium (AIM-V) and detail the MoDC phenotype, cytokine profile, and metabolic signature achieved using this culture methodology. MoDC generated from adult, barren cattle were used for a series of experiments that evaluated the following culture conditions: medium type, method of monocyte enrichment, culture duration, and concentration of differentiation additives. Viability and yield were assessed using flow cytometric propidium iodide staining and manual hemocytometer counting, respectively. MoDC phenotype and T cell activation and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometric analysis of surface markers (MHC class II, CD86, CD14, and CD205), and CD25 and CFSE respectively. Cytokine secretion was quantified using a multiplex bovine cytokine panel (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and IL-4). Changes in cell metabolism following stimulation were analyzed using an Extracellular Flux (XFe96) Seahorse Analyzer. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Immature MoDC generated in serum-free medium using magnetic-activated cell sorting with plate adhesion to enrich monocytes and cultured for 4 days have the following phenotypic profile: MHC class II+++, CD86+, CD205++, and CD14-. These MoDC can be matured with PMA and ionomycin as noted by increased CD86 and CD40 expression, increased cytokine secretion (IL-1α, IL-10, MIP-1α, and IL-17A), a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis, and induction of T cell activation and proliferation following maturation. Cultivation of bovine MoDC utilizing our well-defined culture protocol offers a serum-free approach to mechanistically investigate mechanisms of diseases and the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutics for both humans and cattle alike.
Adapting Interactive Interview Tasks to Remote Data Collection: Human Subjects Research That Requires Annotations and Manipulations of Chemical Structures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the Coronavirus-19 pandemic, higher education institutions quickly moved to emergency remote learning, and most human subjects research came to an immediate halt. Chemistry education researchers who wanted to continue data collection were confronted by many challenges, including research designs and data collection methods that had presumed local access to student participants, such as interactive tasks for students to complete during face-to-face interviews. In order to resume data collection remotely, interactive tasks needed to be translated to a virtual space. This communication reports adaptations made to an interview protocol to facilitate data collection in a remote setting with students as they interacted with and annotated multiple representations of chemical structures. The benefits and limitations to remotely capturing students’ drawings and interactions with multiple chemistry representations using the features available through a common video conferencing platform are discussed.
Parental Stress and Child Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Family Conflict

Although extant research demonstrates the negative impact of parental stress on child emotional and behavioral problems, the mechanisms through which parental stress influences child outcomes is less known, particularly among families at risk for child maltreatment. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to draw on past research to test the extent to which family conflict mediated the links between parental stress and child outcomes among at-risk families. Researchers conducted a longitudinal multiple regression analyses (N = 314) using data collected from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). The children included in the study were 6 years of age at time 1, 12 years of age at time 2, and 14 years of age at time 3. Results indicated positive, significant bivariate associations among parental stress, family conflict and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Additionally, partial mediation was established among parental stress, family conflict and child outcomes, suggesting an explanatory link between parental stress and child outcomes and highlighting the systemic nature of such interactions. Findings feature the importance of considering child behavior problems in the context of family functioning and extend the literature to consider the impact of parental stress and family conflict on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Clinical intervention implications for mental health professionals include a focus on reducing the impact of parental stress and improving family functioning through management of family conflict to support child outcomes, particularly among families at risk for child maltreatment.
Sustainable Aquafeeds: Using Aquafarmer Preference to Inform a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis

Aquafeed is a major contributor to the sustainability of food production using aquaculture. Therefore, improving the environmental, economic, and societal performance of aquafeeds provides an oppor...
'Tuning-Up' North Carolina's Public Records Act: A Brief Discussion of Problem Areas and Possible Solutions

North Carolina’s Public Records Act is a statutory scheme that dictates when and how a person may access state and municipal government records. The Law generally provides that government records are open to inspection by “any person” upon request, with certain exceptions and exemptions. When a citizen and a government actor disagree on whether a document is a public record subject to inspection, the courts ultimately decide who is in the right. The policy goal of the Public Records Act is to ensure that “the people may obtain copies of their public records and public information free or at minimal cost.” Unfortunately, several problem areas within the law frustrate this laudable policy goal. After briefly introducing the basic workings of the North Carolina Public Records Act, this article identifies key problem areas within the law. It further explains how these uncertainties frustrate the overall purpose of the law. Finally, the article identifies one or more potential solutions for each problem.
10 µm lasing in multi-atmosphere CO 2 optically pumped by a tunable 4.3 µm laser

Lasing is studied in CO 2 pumped at ~4.3 µm by a tunable Fe:ZnSe laser. Gain is measured at ~10 µm at pressures ≤12 atm where gain bandwidth is broad enough for potential picosecond pulse amplification.
Lunaport: Math, Mechanics & Transport.

Issues for transport facilities on the lunar surface related to science, engineering, architecture, and human-factors are discussed. Logistic decisions made in the next decade may be crucial to financial success. In addition to outlining some of the problems and their relations with math and computation, the paper provides useful resources for decision-makers, scientists, and engineers.
Predictors of Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Patients

Over 3.1 million women living in the U.S. have been diagnosed with breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether stage of cancer, psychological distress, cognitive fusion (fusion of one’s thoughts and emotions), mindfulness, and resilience were related to quality of life among breast cancer patients. Participants were 24 women, aged 41-71, diagnosed with stage 0-3 breast cancer, recruited to participate in a pilot intervention study. All data for this study were collected at the baseline assessment. A multiple linear regression analysis explained 79.1% of the total variance in quality of life, F(5, 14) = 15.400, p .05). More research is needed to determine how various factors predict quality of life among breast cancer patients.
To Err is Human, To Apologize is Hard: The Role of Apologies in Lawyer Discipline

The lawyer discipline system is often the only recourse for complainants when lawyers misbehave. Yet it is also deeply unsatisfying. Most grievances are dismissed and even when a sanction is imposed, the complainant receives no monetary compensation. Lawyers rarely even apologize for the harm they caused. Yet apologies can repair relationships and trust, decrease distress, restore the victim’s standing, and affirm important values. In this article, we explore whether and how apologies might be more systematically incorporated into the lawyer discipline system to address lawyer mistakes and misconduct. We detail how apologies are currently sporadically used and evaluated by disciplinary authorities. We explore the psychological, educational, and signaling benefits of apologies and the beneficial features of apologies for complainants, lawyers, and disciplinary authorities. We then consider the various junctures at which apologies could productively be incorporated into the discipline process and the psychological and legal impediments to doing so. We conclude by considering how lawyers could be better educated about the benefits of making meaningful apologies in the context of lawyer discipline and how they might be trained to do so.
The Trials of Academe: The New Era of Campus Litigation

* An Introduction * A World Apart: A Short History of the Rise of Academic Deference * Battles Over Bias: Anti-Discrimination Law on Campus * Free Speech Free-for-All: The First Amendment on Campus * Prerogative and Profit: Battles over Intellectual Property * Privacy in Peril: Peer Review Meets Judicial Review * War of the Words: The Rise of Academic Defamation * Of Injuries and Insults: Tort Law on Campus * Promises, Promises: Contracts on Campus * Looking Forward
Social reinforcement and complex motor performance.

Abstract A coincident timing task was practiced by 60 male volunteers randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: positive social reinforcement; negative social reinforcement; nonreinforcement; and a control group. Subjects received 30 trials with knowledge of results after every trial. The experimenter and three confederates administered the appropriate treatments except for the control group which performed in the presence of the experimenter only. Results showed no significant difference between the four treatments, even though all groups made significant improvements over the 30 trials.
Non-lethal approach identifies variability of δ15N values in the fin rays of Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper, Epinephelus itajara, is critically endangered throughout its range but has begun to show initial signs of recovery in Florida state waters. As the population continues to rebound, researchers face a pressing need to fill the knowledge gaps about this iconic species. Here, we examined the δ (15)N isotopic records in fin rays collected from Atlantic Goliath Grouper, and related changes of isotopic ratios over time to life history characteristics. Fin-ray analysis was used as a non-lethal technique to sample individuals from two locations at similar latitudes from the west and east coasts of Florida, USA. δ (15)N data were acquired by mechanically separating the annuli of each fin ray and then analyzing the material in an Irradiance Elemental Analyzer Mass Spectrometer. The δ (15)N values were consistent among individuals within populations from each coast of Florida, and mirrored the expected changes over the lives of the fish. Overall, differences were found between δ (15)N values at juvenile life history phases versus adult phases, but the patterns associated with these differences were unique to each coastal group. We demonstrated, for the first time, that δ (15)N values from fin rays can be used to assess the life histories of Atlantic Goliath Grouper. The non-lethal strategies outlined here can be used to acquire information essential to the management of species of concern, such as those that are threatened or endangered.
In a World of Cannibals Everyone Votes for War: Democracy and Peace Reconsidered

Among the many ideas about international relations, the hypothesis of peace among democracies is most unusual in both the degree and rate of agreement that it has achieved. Levy (1989) asserts that peace between democracies is regarded as the closest existing approximation to a law of international politics. Cohen (1994, 207) confmns that description: “Believing the facts of the matter to have been established, theorists have moved on to seek the causal mechanism generating the phenomenon.” Russett (1990, 1993) adds caveats about possible confounding causes but clearly endorses common ideals and parliamentary institutions as the primary explanations of peaceful democratic dyads. The fundamental idea is that Kant had the right idea a very long time ago: liberal internal political institutions form the basis for a peaceful world order of external relations between states (Doyle 1983, 1986; Kant 1971).
Biooxidation of an enargite-pyrite gold concentrate in aerated columns

The performance of 5-L laboratory bubbling columns in the biooxidation of a Chilean gold concentrate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was evaluated at pulp densities in the range of 6 to 24 % w/v and aeration rates of 3.0 to 4.5 vvm at pH 2.4 and 33°C. The concentrate contained 42 g gold/t, 41% enargite and 43% pyrite. Cell growth in the liquid and solid phases was observed only during the first days of operation. Growth was accompanied by a sustained solubilisation of Cu, Fe and As, and by a rapid increase in Eh from 400 to 610 mV. After this period, growth on the mineral surface stopped for reasons that are not apparent at this time. From then on, only a slight increase in the suspended population occurred. Nevertheless, the oxidative activity persisted throughout the 24-day period of each rtm. The highest rates of leaching were at 3.0 vvm and 24% solids. The results show a good performance of the columns and confirm the refractory nature of the enargite-pyrite concentrate.
${L}{\text {1}}_{\text {0}}$ -Ordered MnAl Thin Films With High Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Using TiN Underlayers on Si Substrates

Ferromagnetic L1 0 -ordered τ-phase MnAl thin films have been shown to exhibit high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (K u > 107 ergs/cm3), moderate saturation magnetization (M 0 -ordering for perpendicular anisotropy in MnAl thin films has proven challenging and highly sensitive to deposition conditions and underlayers used [2]. Using MgO underlayers, we previously demonstrated MnAl thin films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) on Si substrates for the first time [3]. However, MgO is an insulator, which presents two major challenges. First, MgO must be RF-sputtered, which results in low deposition rates, re-sputtering, and therefore the potential for MgO contamination in undesirable locations. Second, since it is an insulator, MgO impedes the use of MnAl film stacks as the bottom electrode in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for spintronic applications.