cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18259: A Novel Approach to Address Door-to-ECG Time for Walk-In Patients by Training Non-Medical Staff to Recognize Symptoms of Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome

Problem: The ACTION Registry®--GWTG™ Dashboard revealed in previous studies that triage personnel are having difficulty identifying when to perform an appropriate ECG in the recommended 10 minute time frame. Those studies showed that 80% of the missed ECG’s were walk-in patients whose first point-of-contact was registration or security. We have since used this information to implement a novel approach to decrease the time between presentation and 1 st ECG completion for patients with ACS symptoms. Methods: A pilot training program was developed and aimed at registration and security staff. Six, 1 hour classes trained all 84 Emergency Department (ED) auxiliary staff to focus on risk factors and clinical symptoms of ACS using specific case studies. A five question post-test was given to gauge understanding and retention. Class participants also completed a survey highlighting what they learned, enjoyed, and how to improve the course. Results: All of the participants passed the 5 question post-test focusing on ACS recognition and appropriate action. Eighty-five percent reported that they now feel comfortable in identifying MI symptoms. Fifteen percent of the course participants reported feeling gratification at being a member of the healthcare team with an increased sense of empowerment. All participants were offered an additional web-based training regarding STEMI’s and 10% have volunteered to observe a cardiac catheterization in their free time. The triage personnel course participants have overwhelmingly requested more sessions or yearly classes as the course’s only improvement. Conclusions: This program demonstrates that non-medical staff can be trained to quickly recognize symptoms concerning for ACS which can expedite evaluation and treatment. This program has the potential to improve door-to-ECG times and in addition increases morale. Anecdotally, a registration staff member has already identified a patient and facilitated an ECG within 7 minutes who was quickly identified to be having a STEMI. This program could be a model for other departments across the country to successfully improve patient care with the additional benefit of increasing departmental morale.
Tau Lepton Reconstruction and Identification

Tau leptons play an important role in physics analyses in the scalar sector. In the SM, \(H\rightarrow \tau \tau \) is the most sensitive fermionic decay channel of the scalar boson, and provides the most precise test of its Yukawa couplings. Additionally, in some models with an extended scalar sector, such as the MSSM, the couplings of high mass scalars to tau leptons can be enhanced for some choices of the model parameters. Experimentally, identifying and reconstructing tau leptons is however challenging, as they are, unlike other leptons, heavy enough to decay hadronically.
The Epidemiology and Medical Morbidity of Long-Distance Backpackers on the John Muir Trail in the Sierra Nevada.

Introduction The baseline characteristics and medical morbidity of hikers on the 354 km (220 mi) John Muir Trail (JMT) have not been previously reported. Methods Using online and on-site recruitment, hikers completing the JMT in 2014 were directed to an online 83-question survey. Pearson correlations, regression models, and descriptive statistics were applied to data, reported as mean±SD (range). Statistical significance was set at P Results Of 771 respondents, 57% were men aged 43±14 (13–76) y; they hiked 15.2±7.6 (5–34) days and traveled 272±129 (45–1207) km (169±80 [28–750] mi). Backpackers lost 3.5±2.6 (+3.6 to −18.2) kg (7.7±5.8 [+8 to −40] lbs). Over half (57%) of respondents reported illness or injury, with blisters (57%), sleep problems (57%), and pack strap pain (46%) most prevalent. Altitude illness affected 37%. Thirty hikers left the trail; of these, 4 required emergency medical services evacuations (3 by helicopter). Increasing age, base pack weight, and body mass index (BMI) were all associated with a decrease in the distance hiked per day. Higher base pack weight was associated with illness or injury, whereas older age was slightly protective. Increasing BMI was associated with a slight increase in medical illness or injury and a strong association with evacuation from the trail. Conclusions JMT hikers experienced medical issues seen on other national trails. Weight loss was prevalent. Most hikers had medical complaints, with few seeking medical attention. Heavy packs and higher BMIs were associated with undesirable outcomes, while older hikers fared better.
Toward Network Configuration Randomization for Moving Target Defense

This chapter presents a moving target defense architecture called Mutable Networks or MUTE. MUTE enables networks to change their configurations such as IP address and routes randomly and dynamically while preserving the requirements and integrity of network operation. The main goal of MUTE is to hinder the adversary’s capabilities in scanning or discovering network targets, launching DoS attacks and creating botnets structure. This chapter presents the challenges and applications of moving target defense and it also presents a formal approach for creating valid mutation of network configurations.
Integrated Network Modeling of Molecular and Genetic Interactions

In model organisms, systematic genetic perturbation and high-throughput data acquisition allow measurements of mutant phenotypes and detection of biomolecular interactions on a genome-wide scale. These data types are complementary in the sense that genetic interactions inferred from gene expression and other phenotype measurements can assign functional significance to the physical interactions between biomolecules. This chapter describes methods for the analysis of large-scale phenotype and expression data that employ genetic interactions to infer functional relationships between genes. Functional information is then used to direct the integration of physical interaction data to derive network models of cellular activity. These models, obtained from functional relationships but constrained by biochemistry, facilitate explicit and precise prediction of the effects of additional network perturbations.
Epilogue: The Challenge of Sustainability: Lessons from an Evolutionary Perspective

The greatest challenge our generation faces is creating a sustainable future. At the core is maintaining the services ecosystems provide humanity, but our ability to achieve that objective is made more difficult because ecosystems, the biosphere, and the socio-economic system with which they are linked are complex adaptive systems, in which individual agendas translate into global consequences. For management, that introduces problems of the Commons, and of how to achieve cooperation in attaining the best possible solutions for the collective good. At the core are issues of equity, of prosociality, and of the management of public goods and common-pool resources. Progress has been made in addressing these issues, but realism argues that new institutional frameworks will be necessary to create a sustainable future for the global biosphere.
Separating Location and Dispersion Effects in Unreplicated Fractional Factorial Designs

Fractional factorial designs are often used in industry to screen potentially important factors of their impact on the mean response or location effect. These experiments are often unreplicated in order to save resources, and so only one observation ..
AUTOMATIC DATABASE MAPPING AND TRANSLATION METHODS

Automatic methods for content-directed translation and information mapping among machine-readable databases are considered. Multicategory decision algorithms and hierarchical binary and ternary decision trees, tested against the classification decisions of human experts in a bibliographic document classification task, matched human performance to the 94% level and showed several key parametric sensitivities. The algorithms tested were based on prior state (experiential) descriptor and category usage and can be configured to provide incremental adaptation or learning. Techniques used emanate from the pattern recognition and artificial intelligence fields.
Bile Duct Injury in Children: Is There a Role for Early Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography?

Introduction Liver injury is common among pediatric abdominal trauma. Nonoperative management is the standard of care in isolated stable liver injuries. Bile leak is not an uncommon complication in moderate- and high-grade injuries. Case series Three pediatric patients (age: 10–15 years) suffered grade IV liver injuries secondary to blunt abdominal trauma. All developed significant bile leak treated nonoperatively with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and patients 1 and 2 were treated with bile duct stent alone. Patient 3 required laparotomy for bile peritonitis and abdominal compartment syndrome followed by interval ERCP and bile duct stent. Conclusion Traumatic bile leaks if not recognized and managed early can result in significant morbidity. This paper describes the presentation and treatment of three pediatric patients with blunt liver trauma complicated by significant bile leaks that were managed successfully with ERCP and bile duct stent. This paper demonstrates the importance of early detection of bile leak to prevent bile peritonitis. Abdominal imaging 4 to 5 days postinjury can help in detecting bile accumulation. We believe that ERCP and bile duct stent are becoming the standard of care in diagnosing and treating traumatic bile leak. This paper confirms the safety and feasibility of this technique in the pediatric population.
Family Dynamics in Sleep Health and Hypertension

Present a conceptual model and review the recent literature on family dynamics, sleep, and hypertension. Family dynamics predict hypertension and hypertension risk, in part, due to shared health behaviors. Sleep health behaviors (sleep duration, quality, and efficiency) predict hypertension risk in children and youth and are emerging as a family-level health behavior. Importantly, both family dynamics and sleep are modifiable. Family members influence one another’s sleep through their physical presence and through psychological and emotional mechanisms. Family members’ sleep patterns may also be coregulated. Negative family dynamics are associated with poor sleep health and predict greater cardiovascular risk. Sleep health behaviors in the family context may also interact with family dynamics to dampen or exacerbate hypertension risk factors in children and youth. This review proposes that promoting sleep health in a family context could be one way to reduce long-term hypertension risk.
Cervical dystonia: an update on therapeutics

Introduction: Cervical dystonia is the most common focal dystonia encountered in a movement disorders clinic. It may have a huge impact on patients’ quality of life due to involuntary movement and ...
One-pot silyl ketene imine formation-nucleophilic addition reactions of acetonitrile with acetals and nitrones

Abstract Trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) and a trialkylamine base promote the conversion of acetonitrile to its silyl ketene imine in situ when acetonitrile is employed as solvent. Residual TMSOTf acts as a Lewis acid catalyst to activate acetals and nitrones in the reaction mixture, yielding β-methoxynitriles and β-(silyloxy)aminonitriles, respectively. Some reaction products undergo elimination under the reaction conditions to provide the α,β-unsaturated nitrile directly.
A Prospective Observational Study of Video Laryngoscopy Use in Difficult Airway Management

Objectives/hypothesis Video laryngoscopy has grown tremendously in popularity over the last decade for management of the anticipated difficult airway. The use of video laryngoscopy has not been adequately studied in the head and neck pathology patient population, including those with masses, previous head and neck surgery, or radiation. Study design Prospective observational study. Methods This study included 100 patients with head and neck pathology undergoing awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation for nonemergency surgery requiring general anesthesia. After the performance of awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation and induction of anesthesia, video laryngoscopy was performed with the CMAC D blade and Glidescope AVL. The primary outcome was the modified Cormack-Lehane view obtained on video laryngoscopy. Results One hundred patients were enrolled in the study. After exclusions, 92 patients underwent video laryngoscopy with both the CMAC D blade and the Glidescope AVL. Thirty-seven patients (40.2%) had a Cormack-Lehane view ≥3 with the CMAC D blade, and 28 patients (30.4%) had a Cormack-Lehane view ≥3 with the Glidescope AVL. There were no complications from awake flexible bronchoscopic intubation or video laryngoscopy. Conclusions There is a high incidence of inability to obtain a view of the glottis with video laryngoscopy in patients with head and neck pathology, particularly airway masses. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 131:82-86, 2021.
973. SEquence-Enabled Reassembly of β- Lactamase (SEER-LAC): A Sensitive Method for the Detection of Double-Stranded DNA

This work describes the development of a new methodology for the detection of specific double-stranded DNA sequences. We previously showed that two inactive fragments of green fluorescent protein, each coupled to engineered zinc finger DNA-binding proteins, were able to reassemble an active reporter complex in the presence of a predefined DNA sequence. This system, designated sequence-enabled reassembly (SEER), was demonstrated in vitro to produce a DNA-concentration-dependent signal. Here we endow the SEER system with catalytic capability using the reporter enzyme TEM-1 β-lacatamase. This system could distinguish target DNA from nontarget DNA in less than 5 min, representing a more than 1000-fold improvement over our previous SEER design. A single base-pair substitution in the DNA binding sequence reduced the signal to nearly background levels. Substitution of a different custom zinc finger DNA-binding domain produced a signal only on the new cognate target. Signal intensity was not affected by genomic D...
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine

The role of artificial intelligence in medicine is rapidly expanding. From machine learning diagnostic algorithms to neural networks for electronic health record mining, the diverse applications for artificial intelligence in medicine seem to be endless. The vast amount of physiological and electronic health data generated in the perioperative period has created an opportunity for artificial intelligence to play important roles in anesthesiology, including preoperative risk stratification, intelligent patient monitoring, clinical decision support and personalized perioperative guidelines. In this chapter, we review how data science and artificial intelligence is currently playing a role in personalized anesthesiology and perioperative medicine, as well as lay out a vision for the future directions of this growing field.
Building Back Better: Lessons Learned from Sichuan Earthquake on Decarbonizing China’s Construction Industry through Microalloying

The construction industry bears a massive carbon footprint that is largely derived from the carbon-intensive nature of key structural materials. Microalloying of structural steel represents an underappreciated strategy for enabling greater economy of materials use and thus reducing carbon emissions. Policy implemented after the Sichuan Earthquake has mandated an increased use of vanadium steel, giving rise to an unintended (but welcome) benefit of substantial decarbonization of a major sector.
Locality constraints in nominal evaluation times

The temporal arguments of VPs and adverbs must be locally coindexed with the nearest time abstraction above them (Percus 2000). In contrast, nouns, which also have time arguments, have been noted to have multiple available evaluation times (Enc 1981), often coinciding with the topic time (e.g. Musan 1995, Tonhauser 2002, Keshet 2008) or utterance time (O’Leary 2017, O’Leary & Brasoveanu 2018). I argue that we can explain the possible temporal interpretations of nouns in a way that makes their behavior consistent with that of VPs and adverbs by positing an analogous locality constraint and making a simple appeal to quantifier raising. I additionally propose that the need for a locality constraint on the coindexing of temporal arguments extends to all predicates introducing novel referents.
Mapping the human corticoreticular pathway with multimodal delineation of the gigantocellular reticular nucleus and high-resolution diffusion tractography

The corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major motor tract that provides volitional input to the reticular formation motor nuclei and may be an important mediator of motor recovery after central nervous system damage. However, its cortical origins, trajectory and laterality are incompletely understood in humans. This study aimed to map the human CRP and generate an average CRP template in standard MRI space. Following recently established guidelines, we manually delineated the primary reticular formation motor nucleus (gigantocellular reticular nucleus [GRN]) using several group-mean MRI contrasts from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). CRP tractography was then performed with HCP diffusion-weighted MRI data (N=1,065) by selecting diffusion streamlines that reached both the frontal cortex and GRN. Corticospinal tract (CST) tractography was also performed for comparison. Results suggest that the human CRP has widespread origins, which overlap with the CST across most of the motor cortex and include additional exclusive inputs from the medial and anterior prefrontal cortices. The estimated CRP projected through the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule before partially decussating in the midbrain tegmentum and converging bilaterally on the pontomedullary reticular formation. Thus, the CRP trajectory appears to partially overlap the CST, while being more distributed and anteromedial to the CST in the cerebrum before moving posterior to the CST in the brainstem. These findings have important implications for neurophysiologic testing, cortical stimulation and movement recovery after brain lesions. We expect that our GRN and tract maps will also facilitate future CRP research. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIThe corticoreticular pathway (CRP) is a major tract with poorly known human anatomy C_LIO_LIWe mapped the human CRP with diffusion tractography led by postmortem & animal data C_LIO_LIThe CRP appears to originate from most of the motor cortices and further anterior C_LIO_LIThe estimated CRP had distributed and bilateral projections to the brainstem C_LIO_LIThese findings have important implications for motor recovery after brain lesions C_LI
Psychosocial and Behavioral Outcomes and Transmission Prevention Behaviors: Working during COVID-19.

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on psychosocial and behavioral responses of the non–health care workforce and to evaluate transmission prevention behavior implementation in the workplace. Participants and Methods We deployed the baseline questionnaire of a prospective online survey from November 20, 2020, through February 8, 2021 to US-based employees. The survey included questions on psychosocial and behavioral responses in addition to transmission prevention behaviors (e.g., mask wearing). Select questions asked employees to report perceptions and behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed descriptively and stratified by work from home (WFH) percentage. Results In total, 3607 employees from 8 companies completed the survey. Most participants (70.0%) averaged 90% or more of their time WFH during the pandemic. Employees reported increases in stress (54.0%), anxiety (57.4%), fatigue (51.6%), feeling unsafe (50.4%), lack of companionship (60.5%), and feeling isolated from others (69.3%) from before to during the pandemic. Productivity was perceived to decrease for 42.9% of employees and non–work-related screen time and alcohol consumption to increase for 50.7% and 25.1% of employees, respectively, from before to during the pandemic. Adverse changes were worse among those with lower WFH percentages. Most employees reported wearing a mask (98.2%), washing hands regularly (95.7%), and physically distancing (93.6%) in the workplace. Conclusion These results suggest worsened psychosocial and behavioral outcomes from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher transmission prevention behavior implementation among non–health care employees. These observations provide novel insight into how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted non–health care employees.
Development of large area input “shadowers” with intricate geometries for growth-suppression of exit surface damage on fused silica

We present the development of large aperture fabricated input surface sites (~1-2 mm size) designed to “shadow” damage sites on the exit surface and arrest their further growth. The inherent expanding wave which leads to exit surface damage, motivates our diversion from a conic shape and development of more intricate geometries. We discuss the design considerations, the fabrication and resulting geometries, the optical modeling of light propagation through these geometries, the imaging of the shadowed region as well as the damage-inducing expanding wave intensification they lead to, and the large beam damage testing and their analysis.
Generation of arbitrary probability distributions from chaotic dynamics.

A framework is developed to derive nonlinear dynamical systems that chaotically generate arbitrary multivariate probability distributions with smooth, deterministic trajectories. The ideas are used to extend the Nose-Hoover thermostat methodology to three-dimensional cases where the momentum distribution is nonisotropic and/or non-Gaussian. Toy models that generate several well-known distributions in physics are given as pedagogical examples.
Active Videogaming Compared to Unstructured, Outdoor Play in Young Children: Percent Time in Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity and Estimated Energy Expenditure

Abstract Objective: The majority of children do not achieve recommended amounts of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Active videogames (AVGs) may be a source of MVPA for young children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare, in children 5–8 years of age, percentage of time engaged in MVPA, assessed via accelerometry and direct observation (DO), and estimated energy expenditure (EE), assessed via accelerometry, while playing AVG and unstructured, outdoor play (OP). Materials and Methods: Sixteen normal-weight young children (6.4±0.8 years old, 62.5 percent male, 81.3 percent white, standardized body mass index=−0.18±0.66) completed two 15-minute sessions of AVG and OP. For AVG, participants played “River Rush” (Xbox® 360 Kinect®; Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA), and OP was conducted in an outdoor playground. Three Actical (Philips Respironics Co. Inc., Bend, OR) accelerometers (hip and left and right wrists) measured percentage MVPA and estimated EE. DO was conducted using th...
Mineral Deficiencies and Excesses

Zinc was first shown to be essential for growth of living organisms in 1869. In 1934, it was shown to be essential for growth and normal development of mammals (Todd et al., 1934). In 1940, the first metalloenzyme containing zinc was isolated (Keilin and Mann, 1940) and since then several other enzymes have been shown to contain zinc (Parisi and Vallee, 1969). Recently, it has been reported that zinc and iron are nutritionally interrelated. The highest concentration of zinc in the body was found in layers of the choroid in the eye. This layer contains an enzyme retinene reductase which is a zinc metalloenzyme.
Pathogenic T-cell clones in autoimmune diabetes: more lessons from the NOD mouse.

Abstract T‐cell clones that can efficiently transfer diabetes to prediabetic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice provide a powerful approach to dissecting the autoimmune disease process and for investigating immunoregulation. Diabetogenic T‐cell clones carried in culture allow for detailed analysis of T‐cell effector function and in vivo activity, and thus the contribution of a single clonotype to pathogenesis can be studied. As T cells comprising most or all of the repertoire in T‐cell receptor transgenic (TCR‐Tg) mice, diabetogenic T‐cell clones have led to new variations on the NOD mouse model of autoimmune disease. T‐cell clones are being used to screen peptide libraries and proteomic arrays to identify the autoantigens that drive these clones in vivo and to extend our knowledge of the processes that give rise to these antigens. With the identification of peptide agonists and natural ligands, the development of MHC‐peptide multimers has been possible. These reagents can track T cells in vivo and thus provide new approaches for disease diagnosis and therapy as well as a versatile set of tools for basic research on how T cells contribute to autoimmune disease.
The Number of Jews in New York City

(1914). The Number of Jews in New York City. Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 14, No. 105, pp. 68-75.
OCCURRENCE OF COLIFORMS, FECAL COLIFORMS, AND STREPTOCOCCI ON VEGETATION AND INSECTS.

This study considers the sanitary significance of coliforms, fecal coliforms, and streptococci isolated from 152 species of plants and 40 samples of insects. These specimens were collected from various ecological environments and grouped into several categories. Results indicate that typical coliforms of the warm-blooded animal gut contribute a relatively small percentage of the organisms associated with vegetation (14.1%) and insects, (14.9%). A total of 1,203 coliform strains from vegetation and 1,084 coliform strains from insects were classified as to IMViC type and fecal coliform. No type was predominant in either the vegetation or insect groupings. The biochemical results for 646 streptococci from vegetation and 226 cultures from insects were reported. The predominant group, Streptococcus fecalis, as defined by Sherman criteria, constituted a majority of all strains from vegetation and insects. The “Completed Coliform Test” is recommended for the examination of plant and insect specimens to eliminate the many anaerobic and aerobic sporeforming bacteria that frequently produce false positive reactions by the “Confirmed Test” procedure. These findings support the current interpretation of the significance of the fecal coliform test for stream investigations or for surface water quality evaluations.
Distributed strategy for integration of process design and control: A knowledge engineering approach to the incorporation of controllability into exchanger network synthesis

Abstract The control system of a process cannot be rationally and completely designed without prior knowledge of the structure of the process. This is particularly true for a process composed of highly interconnected process units, e.g. heat and mass exchanger networks. The design of any process and that of its control system are usually carried out in series as two distinct activities. While integration of these two activities is of the utmost importance, purely sequential integration would give rise to a time-consuming and tedious procedure requiring extensive iteration. At every iterative step of such a procedure, the structure of the process optimally designed in the first step tends to be altered and ceases to be optimal in satisfying the control-related criteria, such as controllability and robustness, in the second step; this procedure is indeed passive. Moreover, the lack of controllability and robustness is the major cause of a catastrophic event, energy inefficiency and generation of “off-spec” products to be treated as waste or to be recycled. Obviously, it is highly desirable that a new strategy be developed for actively integrating the two design activities. In one such strategy, namely, the distributed strategy presented in this paper, the criterion for structural controllability is taken into account simultaneously with the criteria for process design throughout the process synthesis phase, which is the first and most important phase in process design. This distributed strategy aims at the synthesis of a highly controllable process structure, which meets the design criteria, from the outset of design activities. Nevertheless, two major difficulties are encountered in developing the distributed strategy: (1) the complete process structure is unknown until completion of the process synthesis; and (2) the available information relevant to designing the process is almost always incomplete, imprecise and uncertain. Thus, traditional algorithmic techniques are unsuitable for developing the distributed strategy, whereas the knowledge engineering (KE) approach appears to be a viable alternative. A KE-based comprehensive strategy has been successfully applied in the present work to the design of two types of process networks, heat exchanger networks (HENs) and mass exchanger networks (MENs). Each of the resultant networks satisfies the traditionally accepted design criterion of lowest possible total cost; meanwhile, each network also possesses the highest possible degree of structural controllability. This prevents the process structure from being repeatedly modified and also simplifies the design of the process' control system.
Adolescent suicidal risk: psychological, problem solving, and environmental factors

This study examined the life stress and problem-solving interactional model of suicide proposed by Clum, Patsiokas, and Luscomb (1979). Thirty-three hospitalized suicidal adolescents were compared with 21 adolescents hospitalized for other psychiatric problems and with 89 controls. The assessment battery was composed of psychological measures, problem-solving measures, and environmental and family measures. The discriminant analyses revealed that the suicide group could be discriminated from the psychiatric control group but not from the high school control group. Unexpectedly, life stresses did not contribute to the identification of current suicide risk. The results suggest the importance of assessing suicide risk at the time of admission to minimize any subsequent changes in the risk group.
Observations of GRS 1915+105 from the USA Experiment on Argos

We present first results from a monitoring campaign of GRS 1915+105 undertaken with the USA X-ray timing experiment on the ARGOS satellite. A variety of behaviour has been observed, ranging from low, steady X-ray emission to rapid quasi-periodic flaring on timescales of approximately 10–120 seconds.
Direct Microtubule-Binding by Myosin-10 Orients Centrosomes toward Retraction Fibers and Subcortical Actin Clouds

Summary Positioning of centrosomes is vital for cell division and development. In metazoan cells, spindle positioning is controlled by a dynamic pool of subcortical actin that organizes in response to the position of retraction fibers. These actin "clouds" are proposed to generate pulling forces on centrosomes and mediate spindle orientation. However, the motors that pull astral microtubules toward these actin structures are not known. Here, we report that the unconventional myosin, Myo10, couples actin-dependent forces from retraction fibers and subcortical actin clouds to centrosomes. Myo10-mediated centrosome positioning requires its direct microtubule binding. Computational image analysis of large microtubule populations reveals a direct effect of Myo10 on microtubule dynamics and microtubule-cortex interactions. Myo10's role in centrosome positioning is distinct from, but overlaps with, that of dynein. Thus, Myo10 plays a key role in integrating the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to position centrosomes and mitotic spindles.
Plasma immersion ion implantation for ULSI devices

Summary form only given. The plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technique shows great promise for large-area and high dose-rate processing of material surfaces. We present results of recent developments of semiconductor applications such as ultrashallow junction formation, conformal doping, preamorphization, selective plating of metals, damage induced impurities gettering, and SIMOX synthesis. Processing requirements and limitations of plasma implantation such as substrate etching oxide charging and plasma-solid interactions are discussed.
Mechanisms to medicines: elucidating neural and molecular substrates of fear extinction to identify novel treatments for anxiety disorders

The burden of anxiety disorders is growing, but the efficacy of available anxiolytic treatments remains inadequate. Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders focuses on identifying and modifying maladaptive patterns of thinking and behaving, and has a testable analogue in rodents in the form of fear extinction. A large preclinical literature has amassed in recent years describing the neural and molecular basis of fear extinction in rodents. In this review, we discuss how this work is being harnessed to foster translational research on anxiety disorders and facilitate the search for new anxiolytic treatments. We begin by summarizing the anatomical and functional connectivity of a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)–amygdala circuit that subserves fear extinction, including new insights from optogenetics. We then cover some of the approaches that have been taken to model impaired fear extinction and associated impairments with mPFC–amygdala dysfunction. The principal goal of the review is to evaluate evidence that various neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems mediate fear extinction by modulating the mPFC–amygdala circuitry. To that end, we describe studies that have tested how fear extinction is impaired or facilitated by pharmacological manipulations of dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-HT, GABA, glutamate, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and various other systems, which either directly target the mPFC–amygdala circuit, or produce behavioural effects that are coincident with functional changes in the circuit. We conclude that there are good grounds to be optimistic that the progress in defining the molecular substrates of mPFC–amygdala circuit function can be effectively leveraged to identify plausible candidates for extinction-promoting therapies for anxiety disorders. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Animal Models in Psychiatry Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-20
Mechanisms of Termination of Liver Regeneration

One of the most interesting aspects of liver regeneration is the precise control of liver size and timing of termination of liver regeneration. It is known that following partial hepatectomy liver regenerates precisely back to its prehepatectomy size. An inherent “hepatostat” that controls liver size and terminates liver regeneration upon reaching the required size has been postulated. Whereas a lot is known about the mechanisms of initiation of liver regeneration, relatively less is known about mechanisms of termination of regeneration. The limited studies indicate an equally intricate network of extracellular matrix-driven intracellular signaling involving integrin-linked kinase, Glypican 3, C/EBPα, and possibly HNF4α in this process.
Conformational analysis of peptide-functionalized diacylaminoepindolidiones 1H NMR evidence for β-sheet formation

Abstract Bis -2,8-[(N-ureido-Gly-L-Phe-NMe 2 )-L-Pro-D-Ala-NH)]-epindolidione has been shown to adopt the β-turn, β-sheet conformation 1 in DMSO-d 6 by T-dependence of NH chemical shifts, J αCHNH values, and NOE effects.
AN AXIOMATIC DEVELOPMENT OF CARDINAL UTILITY USING DECISION THEORY

The present paper provides a proof of the existence of a utility function and the converse of that theorem using decision theory. In particular the development uses probability mass functions. The authors believe that this approach provides a useful alternative to existing proofs and, in addition, ties the analysis to well-understood concepts in probability theory.
Learning to teach: Knowledge development in classroom management

Abstract How does knowledge acquisition contribute to the process of learning to teach? To answer this question, qualitative and quantitative data were collected to investigate the development of teacher candidate knowledge about classroom management within an elementary teacher education program. Specifically, concept maps and interviews revealed patterns of cognitive change over a two-quarter sequence of courses. Analysis of concept maps showed turbulent and idiosyncratic change influenced by program experiences, with an apparent decline in cognitive organization. In interviews candidates deemphasized program influences, focusing instead on clinical experiences as the impetus of cognitive change. These findings—the turbulent apparent decline in cognitive structure and the primacy of field experiences—are explained in terms of Anderson's ACT∗ learning theory. Implications for future research in teacher's conceptual development are discussed.
Transfusion management of an IgA deficient patient with anti-IgA and incidental correction of IgA deficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

A patient with multiple myeloma was noted to have an IgA deficiency during investigation of a possible transfusion reaction due to IgA deficiency and anti-IgA. Because of the patient's age, otherwise good health, and early stage of disease, he was enrolled in a research treatment protocol that involved an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). The BMT successfully put the patient in complete remission from his multiple myeloma and corrected his IgA deficiency. Class-specific IgG anti-IgA antibody that had been identified prior to BMT was no longer detectable in his plasma. Anaphylactic transfusion reactions were successfully avoided by using a combination of IgA-deficient and washed blood components including the marrow graft, and IgA-reduced intravenous immunoglobulin.
A computational procedure for deep-bed drying analysis

Abstract An analytical procedure for computing moisture contents of small grain as it is dried in a deep-bed, by the use of digital computer and thin-layer drying theory, is presented and compared to experimental results. The effects of several parameters on the drying process are investigated.
Primary ovarian Wilms' tumor.

A case of extrarenal Wilms' tumor presenting as an ovarian mass in a woman 56 years of age is described. Histologically, glomeruloid and tubular structures were identified within nests of undifferen-tiated epithelium. No teratomatous components were encountered. A review of the literature found three other reports of Wilms' tumor occurring in the female genital tract. This case represents the oldest patient with extrarenal Wilms' tumor in the literature.
A Neural network capable of forming associations by example

Abstract We propose a new neural network structure that is compatible with silicon technology. This network has the feature that the learning parameter is embodied in the thresholds of MOSFET devices and is local in character. The network is shown to be capable of forming associations by example as well as exhibiting the desirable features of the Hopfield type networks.
JUDGE GEORGE W. ANDERSON AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE 1920S

(1991). Judge George W. Anderson And Civil Rights In The 1920S. The Historian: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 289-304.
Diamond challenged by hard materials: a reflection on developments in the last decades

Abstract This paper reviews the status of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond. The CVD process has made enormous steps forward contrasted to high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) synthesis. Fabrication of coatings and free standing diamond plates exceeding 10 cm has become a reality. But perseverance is necessary in solving many difficult problems, which have created barriers in widening diamond applications. As CVD and HP/HT research proceeded, a challenge came from suggestions that “harder than diamond” β-C 3 N 4 material can be predicted from first principles calculations. A more recent claim “diamond hardness achieved” considers nanograin hardening in composite material films TiN/SiN x . These results and suggestions have kept a high level of research activity around hard materials and at the same time disclosed difficulties in understanding and measuring hardness.
Boundary effects of vague risk information on taxpayer decisions

Abstract In compliance decisions, the decision maker usually has only vague or ambiguous knowledge of the probability of being caught and the outcome (amount of penalty). An experiment is reported which extends work on effects of probability ambiguity by manipulating outcome ambiguity as well. When outcomes were limited to a bounded range and probabilities ranged between their natural boundaries [0, 1] in experimental tax decisions, symmetrical boundary effects were found in which vague estimates for both the probability and outcome dimensions caused vagueness aversion (and higher compliance) when the vague estimate was near the more favorable lower boundary of either dimension and vagueness seeking (and lower compliance) when the vague estimate was near the less favorable upper boundary. Probability and outcome vagueness effects were found to be independent of the vagueness of the other dimension, and vagueness effects were not systematically related to the level of the other dimension. The results suggest that a common cognitive process mediates the impact of vagueness on both dimensions. This may be a vagueness-adjustment process in which vague estimates are adjusted toward the middle of the bounded range, or a vagueness-preference process in which vague outcomes, and vague probabilities as well, are evaluated based on utility considerations, as though probability were a tangible commodity. For increasing compliance, the results suggest that risk information should be disseminated only when risks of punishment are relatively high. When risks are low, random enforcement techniques that enhance vagueness become more effective.
Iron exclusion from aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

Abstract Mixed-cell hepatocellular adenocarcinomas, induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in weanling rats, were allowed to develop for 18 months; age- and sex-matched controls were maintained. After 18 months, treated and control rats were administered iron dextran (ID), intraperitoneally (i.p.) as Nonemic® . No gross or microscopic lesions were observed in control animals, while hepatic tumors were observed grossly in all AFB1 -treated rats. Areas of apparently normal tissue, in histologie sections from control animals and in non-tumor sites of sections from AFB1-treated animals, were deeply stained for iron, both in endothelial cells and in hepatocytes, as visualized by Peris iron stain. Varying degrees of exclusion of stainable iron material were noted in histologie sections of lesions from AFB1-treated rats, as were alterations in endothelial cell staining characteristics. Iron staining clearly demonstrates the presence of varying cell populations within the induced mixed cell hepatocellular adenocarcinoma.
Differential phosphopeptide expression in a benign breast tissue, and triple-negative primary and metastatic breast cancer tissues from the same African-American woman by LC-LTQ/FT-ICR mass spectrometry.

African-American women have a higher risk for developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Lacking the expression of receptors for estrogen and progesterone, and without human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor gene amplification, TNBC is a very aggressive type of breast cancer with a high likelihood of metastasis and recurrence. Specific therapeutic targets for this aggressive disease remain to be identified. Phosphorylation, a post-translational modification that adds one or more phosphate groups to a protein, plays a key role in the activation and deactivation of a protein’s cellular function. Here, we report the first systematic phosphoproteomic analysis of a benign breast tissue, a primary breast cancer tissue, and a metastatic breast cancer tissue from the same African-American woman. Differential phosphoprotein levels were measured with reversed-phase nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid linear quadrupole ion trap/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LC-LTQ/FT-ICR MS). Five proteins were found to be highly phosphorylated in the metastatic site whereas six proteins were highly phosphorylated in the cancer site of the TNBC patient. Identified phosphoproteins are known to be involved in breast cancer signal transduction pathways and these results may identify new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for TNBC.
Conversion of nonfusing mumps virus infections to fusing infections by selective proteolysis of the HN glycoprotein

Abstract Mumps virus strains differ in their ability to induce cell fusion following an infection: strains with activeneuraminidase (NANase) fail to cause cell fusion, while strains with less active NANases cause cell fusion. When chymotrypsin is added to infected cells, cell fusion is amplified in a concentration-dependent manner for all mumps virus strains. Virions produced in such infections do not express HN glycoprotein-associated activities. Chymotrypsin treatment of purified mumps virus in vitro results in sequential cleavage into two glycopolypeptides, HNc1 (32K) and HNc2′ (41K), with concomitant loss of hemagglutinating and NANase activities, and infectivity. Further incubation with chymotrypsin causes complete degradation of HNc1 and digestion of HNc2′ to HNc2 (13K–19K). Both HNc2′ and HNc2 contain the [3H]palmitic acid label found in the HN polypeptide, which suggests that these fragments are associated with the viral membrane. Analyses of infected cells and released virions indicate that chymotrypsin acts similarly on HN exposed at the cell surface. Exogenous NAnase does not abolish the protease-augmented cell fusion though it does reduce cell fusion of untreated fusing strain infections. These results confirm that mumps virus HN glycoprotein is critically linked to cell fusion cytopathology and show that cyrptic cell fusion activity in nonfusing strain infections can be unmasked by the proteolytic removal of the HN glycoprotein.
Interaction of Gramicidin Derivatives with Phospholipid Monolayers

A study of the interaction of gramicidin A (gA), tert-butyloxycarbonyl-gramicidin (g-BOC), and desformyl gramicidin (g-des) with dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and DOPC/phosphatidylserine (PS) mixed monolayers on a mercury electrode is reported in this paper. Experiments were carried out in electrolytes KCl (0.1 mol dm(-3)) and Mg(NO3)2 (0.05 mol dm(-3)). The channel-forming properties of the gramicidins were studied by following the reduction of Tl(I) to Tl(Hg). The frequency dependence of the complex impedance of coated electrode surfaces in the presence and absence of the gramicidins was estimated between 65,000 and 0.1 Hz at potentials of -0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl with 3.5 mol dm(-3) KCl. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to qualitatively correlate the interaction of the gramicidin peptides with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) at the air-water interface. gA was shown to form Tl+ conducting channels in a DOPC monolayer, while g-BOC and g-des did not. In DOPC-30% PS (DOPC-0.3PS) layers, there is a marked increase in channel activity of all three gramicidin derivatives. None of the peptides facilitate the permeability of the DOPC-0.3PS layer to Cd2+. All three peptides interact with the layer as shown by capacitance-potential curves and impedance spectroscopy indicated by penetration of the peptide into the dielectric, an increase in surface "roughness", and an increased significance of low-frequency relaxations. The order of interaction is gA > g-des > g-BOC. The epifluorescence study of DPPC and DPPG layers at the air-water interface shows a selective action of the different gramicidins.