cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of human very low density lipoproteins containing two electrophoretic populations: double pre-beta lipoproteinemia and primary dysbetalipoproteinemia.

Two discrete populations of very low density lipoproteins, with fast and slow pre-beta electrophoretic mobility, were found in 50% of normolipemic and 30% of hyperlipemic individuals selected at random. The two populations were isolated by preparative electrophoresis from five hyperlipemic subjects. The particles comprising the slow component were smaller than those of the fast component and the slow component contained a larger proportion of cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, B-apo- protein, and arginine-rich apoprotein and a smaller propor- tion of triglycerides and the two most anionic apoproteins (R-glutamic acid and R-alanine). The properties of the slow component thus closely resemble those of "remnant" very low density lipoproteins that accumulate in blood plasma of functionally hepatectomized rats. The chemical composition of the slow component was also similar to that of the very low density lipoproteins with beta mobility found in primary dysbetalipoproteinemia. How- ever, the proportion of cholesteryl esters and arginine- rich apoprotein was much higher in the latter. The arginine- rich apoprotein from very low density lipoproteins of most normolipemic and hyperlipemic subjects separates into three or four major bands upon isoelectric focusing electro- phoresis in polyacrylamide gels, with PI varying from 5.57 to 6.03. In very low density lipoproteins from individuals with primary dysbetalipoproteinemia, this protein uniquely contains little or none of the two most cationic bands. The number of bands was constant in all subjects studied. The pattern was the same in very low density lipopro- teins with fast and slow pre-beta mobility as well as in the beta and pre-beta components in primary dysbetalipopro- teinemia. These results suggest that many individuals have "remnant" very low density lipoproteins in their plasma. However, the beta-migrating "remnant" that accumulated in large amounts in individuals with primary dysbetalipo- proteinemia contains much more arginine-rich protein and this protein is structurally abnormal.
Two Color Polarization Spectroscopy for Measurements of Atomic Hydrogen Concentration using Single-Mode Laser Systems

A two-photon pump polarization spectroscopy probe (TPP-PSP) laser system has been designed for detection of atomic hydrogen (H-atom) in flames. Single frequency mode (SFM) laser output from injection-seeded optical parametric generators (OPG) coupled with pulsed dye amplifiers (PDA) have been used to produce the pump and probe laser beams for TPP-PSP experiment. In TPP-PSP, a 243-nm pump beam excites the 1S-2S two photon transition and the excited atoms in 2S level are probed by polarization spectroscopy between n=2 and n=3 manifolds using a circularly polarized 656-nm pump and a linearly polarized 656-nm probe laser beam. The SFM laser sources for the pump and probe beams allow accurate measurement of TPP-PSP line shapes. Atomic hydrogen was detected at concentrations as low as 11 ppm in atmospheric-pressure, near-adiabatic hydrogen-air flames. The measured atomic hydrogen concentration profiles are in good agreement with equilibrium calculations. The results obtained using SFM laser systems are very encouraging for quantitative measurements of atomic hydrogen in flames.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN THE COLONIAL KAMPTOZOAN BARENTSIA HILDEGARDAE

Four aspects of sexual reproduction were examined in a northeastern Pacific population of the kamptozoan (entoproct) Barentsia hildegardae. The investigation of this colonial species revealed that (1) the population was sexually mature year-round, with a peak of sexual maturity during summer; (2) the sex ratio of the calyces in this population did not differ significantly from 1:1 male:female; (3) male colonies grown on glass slides had higher proportions of sexually mature calyces than did females and the zone of maturity extended farther toward stolon tips; (4) recruitment was much higher near female than male colonies, perhaps because brooded larvae settled near their mothers almost immediately after release. Additional key words: Entoprocta, sexual maturation, reproductive period, sex ratio, larval period Understanding the life history of a colonial animal can be complicated, because processes such as growth, reproduction, and death must be examined at multiple levels (zooid, colony, and whole genet). Moreover, determining colony (and genet) boundaries in the field is often impossible. Consequently, we know far less about the life histories of colonial animals than about their unitary counterparts. Learning even basic information about colonial life histories, however, is essential for evolutionary and ecological studies of colonial
Beta Decay of O-19: States of F-19

The beta decay of O19 has been re-examined in order to search for transitions to highly excited states of F19 which are predicted by the independent-particle model (IPM) to have large matrix elements. Such a transition is found in the 0.16% beta branch to the 4.39-MeV state of F19: logft=3.54±0.06. This state deexcites through gamma branches of (18±7%) to the 2.79-MeV state of F19 and (82±7)% to the 0.197-MeV state; branches to other states below that at 2.79 MeV are less than 5%. These data make it certain that the 4.39-MeV state is of Jπ=32, 52, 72+ (assuming that the ground state of O19 is of Jπ=52+). If, as is most likely, the 2.79-MeV state of F19 is of Jπ=92+, then Jπ=72+ is strongly favored for the 4.39-MeV level. An IPM state of Jπ=72+ enjoying a strong beta decay from O19 is predicted at just this energy. Beta decay to the 2.79-MeV state of F19 has logft>7.4. The decay of the 1.56-MeV state of F19 is also examined and a ground-state branch of (2.4±0.5)% is determined. This transition is expected to be weak by both the IPM and the collective models. The O19 used in this experiment was made by the reaction O18(d, p)O19, and the experimental techniques were exclusively those of NaI spectroscopy, including two-dimensional analysis.
Influence of Pheromone Trap Color in Capturing Lesser Peachtree Borer and Peachtree Borer Males

Traps capturing significantly more lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), males were solid red, solid green, solid orange, and black with yellow strips. White was consistently a poor trap color. No significant differences were noted between color combinations of red and white, but as the proportional amount of white was increased, the mean number of captures decreased. There were no significant differences in captures between red and black traps and among traps which had these colors arranged in different combinations. More peachtree borer, S. exitiosa (Say), males were caught in black traps and the least number in white traps. Red and black combination traps had more peachtree borer males in those with a surface area painted one-half or more black.
Outline of a classification of the lipoids

At the meeting of the American Society of Biological Chemists in December, 1919, the matter of a classification of the fats and related substances was brought before the members for discussion. It was decided that the available knowledge on the subject was insufficient to justify a classification at that time. While admitting the truth of the conclusion it has seemed to me since, that something might be gained by an attempt at classification,—in clarifying our ideas and in bringing the newer developments in the field into connection with the old—even though the scheme might later have to be radically changed or even abandoned. It is becoming more and more apparent, for example, that the fats and the substances ordinarily grouped under the name of lipoids are so intimately related both chemically and in metabolism—all being directly connected with the metabolism of the fatty acids—that they should be considered together, and when so considered they form a group which is believed to be as distinct and well ...
The Compendium of Architecture as the Fact Proof in the Culture Morphology

The art of construct mirrors and materializes trenchancy quality and susceptivity the essence of the dark culture. As construction is with the sociality homologusy of culture, openy of organize systemic and overtimey, it is the powcrliest fact proof of expatiatal collectivity diagnosis in the are history.
Three Angiotensin Paradigms in One Patient

This chapter on new methods of molecular biology applied to the investigation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contains a description of a clinical case in its first section. There are two reasons for this. First, the case will illustrate the importance of increased understanding of the RAS, because of research by basic scientists, for clinical scientists, clinicians, and human health. Second, and more importantly, describing the applicability of scientific advances in the understanding of RAS to a particular patient is a fitting tribute to two remarkable clinician scientists, Irvin Page and Eduardo Braun Menendez, the co-discoverers of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the United States and Argentina, respectively (1,3). Their insurmountable curiosity was driven by a desire to help patients, at a time at which human hypertension was an untreatable and devastating problem.
Cartilage extracellular matrix metabolism differs in serum and synovial fluid.

Most cartilage explant culture studies assume conventional serum-supplemented growth media are biologically equivalent to the natural synovial fluid which baths cartilage in vivo. Few studies have systematically compared the effects of serum versus synovial fluid in culture. To address this assumption we conducted a series of studies to determine if cartilage matrix synthesis is significantly different in serum-based versus synovial fluid-based media. Normal bovine cartilage explants were cultured in DMEM either alone or supplemented with bovine serum or bovine synovial fluid. Matrix synthesis was measured with radiolabeling techniques. We then compared responses to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, a stimulator of matrix synthesis), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β, an inhibitor of matrix synthesis). We observed significantly lower matrix synthesis activity in synovial fluid versus serum. Caution shoud be used in extrapolating studies of cartilage grown in media supplemented with serum rather than synovial fluid.
Discrete Hilbert Transform based delay causality enforcement for network parameters

Causality is one of the important properties for quality check of network parameters. Discrete Hilbert Transform (DHT) based delay causality checking and/or enforcing method is discussed in the present paper. DHT based causality checking/enforcing algorithm is known but is not widely used in applications. Comparison analysis between DHT based delay causality and other causality checking algorithms is given and advantage of the DHT based algorithm is discussed. Front delay is used for delay causality definition. Several methods for front delay estimation are suggested. Delay causality is checked and enforced for different test cases using the proposed methodology.
Experimental study of bed-load transport using particle motion tracking

Abstract A series of experiments were conducted in a flume to study bed-load transport. The motion of bed-load particles was captured by a series of images taken by a high-speed camera.A novelparticle motion tracking method was developed to automatically detect all the moving particles and calculate the instantaneous particle velocities. The instantaneous bed load transport rate was calculated based on particle velocity and the volume of moving particles. To verify this method, bed load transport rate based on the image processing technique was compared to the manually measured ones as well as data from other experiments. Results showed that the new technique made it possible to quantify the spatial and temporal variations of bed load transport rate at the individual particle scale.
Interactions between California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard and the National Renewable Fuel Standard

Abstract This study investigates the economic interactions between a national renewable fuel policy, namely the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in the United States, and a sub-national renewable fuel policy, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) in California. The two policies have a similar objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but the policies differ in the manner in which those objectives are met. The RFS imposes a hierarchical mandate of renewable fuel use for each year whereas the LCFS imposes a specific annual carbon-intensity reduction with less of a fuel specific mandate. We model the interactions using a partial-equilibrium structural model of agricultural and energy markets in the US and Rest-of-World regions. Our results suggest the policies are mutually reinforcing in that the compliance costs of meeting one of the requirements is lower in the presence of the other policy. In addition, the two policies combine to create a spatial shift in renewable fuel use toward California even though overall renewable fuel use remains relatively unchanged.
Dirt-sifting devilfish: winnowing in the geophagine cichlid Satanoperca daemon and evolutionary implications

Winnowing is a foraging strategy common in geophagine cichlids (Cichlidae), in which sediment is sifted for food in the oral cavity. Geophagines have modified pharyngeal structures that function in winnowing, although detailed anatomical and functional information is still needed to clarify the mechanisms by which these fishes obtain food by sifting. With this study, we explore geophagine winnowing kinematics and variability of winnowing phases to test whether this is a highly modulated or stereotyped behavior. Winnowing was characterized with high-speed video of an archetypal winnower, Satanoperca daemon, which employs a three-part feeding behavior involving strike, winnowing, and sediment ejection. Over the course of feeding events, fish exhibited rapid reversal of hydraulic flow within the oral cavity and remarkable versatility during the winnowing stage. We also explored how cranial morphology varies within the clade across a phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. Cranial morphologies were analyzed in 19 species across 12 geophagine genera; principal component analysis suggests a particular winnowing morphospace exploited differentially by species. Central conclusions of this study are that the strike and ejection phases are stereotypic (low variation) but that rhythmic winnowing is highly variable. Winnowing in geophagines is not directly analogous to winnowing in surfperches (Embiotocidae), to which it is often compared. There is substantial morphometric variation across the clade, even between winnowing species. The wide range of anatomical and biomechanical variants in this diverse clade provides intriguing insight into an underexplored feeding strategy.
Case 2-2017. An 18-Year-Old Woman with Acute Liver Failure.

An 18-year-old woman presented with acute liver failure. The total bilirubin was 19.7 mg per deciliter. Three days earlier, she had received a diagnosis of bronchitis and was treated with azithromycin. A diagnosis was made.
Interprofessional Team’s Perception of Care Delivery After Implementation of a Pediatric Pain and Sedation Protocol

BACKGROUND Pain and agitation are common experiences of patients in pediatric cardiac intensive care units. Variability in assessments by health care providers, communication, and treatment of pain and agitation creates challenges in management of pain and sedation. OBJECTIVES To develop guidelines for assessment and treatment of pain, agitation, and delirium in the pediatric cardiac intensive unit in an academic children's hospital and to document the effects of implementation of the guidelines on the interprofessional team's perception of care delivery and team function. METHODS Before and after implementation of the guidelines, interprofessional team members were surveyed about the members' perception of analgesia, sedation, and delirium management RESULTS: Members of the interprofessional team felt more comfortable with pain and sedation management after implementation of the guidelines. Team members reported improvements in team communication on patients' comfort. Members thought that important information was less likely to be lost during transfer of care. They also noted that the team carried out comfort management plans and used pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies better after implementation of the guidelines than they did before implementation. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines for pain and sedation management were associated with perceived improvements in team function and patient care by members of the interprofessional team.
Cerebral oxygenation and regional cerebral perfusion responses with resistance breathing during central hypovolemia

Resistance breathing improves tolerance to central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP), but this is not related to protection of anterior cerebral blood flow [indexed by mean...
Shakespeare in the Marketplace of Words

Making innovative use of digital and library archives, this book explores how Shakespeare used language to interact with the verbal marketplace of early modern England. By also combining word history with book history, Jonathan P. Lamb demonstrates Shakespeare's response to the world of words around him, in and through the formal features of his works. In chapters that focus on particular rhetorical features in Richard II, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Hamlet, and Troilus and Cressida, Lamb argues that we can best understand Shakespeare's writing practice by scrutinizing how the formal features of his works circulated in an economy of imaginative writing. Shakespeare's interactions with this verbal market preceded and made possible his reputation as a playwright and dramatist. He was, in his time, a great buyer and seller of words.
The Aging Physician and the Medical Profession: A Review

Importance The issue of the aging physician and when to cease practice has been controversial for many years. There are reports of prominent physicians who practiced after becoming dangerous in old age, but the profession has not demonstrated the ability to prevent this. A mandatory retirement age could be discriminatory and take many competent physicians out of practice and risk a physician shortage. An increasing body of evidence regarding the relationship between physicians’ age and performance has led organizations, such as the American College of Surgeons, to revisit this challenge. Observations Since 1975, the number of practicing physicians older than 65 years in the United States has increased by more than 374%, and in 2015, 23% of practicing physicians were 65 years or older. Research shows that between ages 40 and 75 years, the mean cognitive ability declines by more than 20%, but there is significant variability from one person to another, indicating that while some older physicians are profoundly impaired, others retain their ability and skills. There are age-based requirements for periodic testing and/or retirement for many professions including pilots, judges, air traffic controllers, Federal Bureau of Investigation employees, and firefighters. While there are not similar requirements for physicians, a few hospitals have introduced mandatory age-based evaluations. Conclusions As physicians age, a required cognitive evaluation combined with a confidential, anonymous feedback evaluation by peers and coworkers regarding wellness and competence would be beneficial both to physicians and their patients. While it is unlikely that this will become a national standard soon, individual health care organizations could develop policies similar to those present at a few US institutions. In addition, large professional organizations should identify a range of acceptable policies to address the aging physician while leaving institutions flexibility to customize the approach. Absent robust professional initiatives in this area, regulators and legislators may impose more draconian measures.
Overhead aversion: Do some types of overhead matter more than others?

Abstract Overhead aversion is an issue of great importance to nonprofit organizations. On one hand, overhead (non-program expenses) is vital to the operational abilities of a nonprofit; on the other hand, there is evidence that donors dislike paying for overhead costs. In this paper, we use an experiment to study overhead from the perspective of donors. First, we replicate the prior finding establishing the existence of overhead aversion. Then we obtain new results by extending this line of research, examining whether donors have an aversion to specific types of overhead (specifically, salaries and fundraising). Our results suggest that donor behavior may be dependent on their outside option. If an overhead-free donation is readily available, then the average donor in our experiment (70–80% of subjects) prefers that charity to receive the donation. However, if donations are not overhead-free, most (approximately two-thirds of subjects) prefer the donation go toward fundraising efforts instead of salary-related expenditures.
Structural Examination of Halogen-Bonded Co-Crystals of Tritopic Acceptors

A series of tritopic N-heterocyclic compounds containing electrostatically and geometrically equivalent binding sites were synthesized and subjected to systematic co-crystallizations with selected perfluoroiodoarenes in order to map out their structural landscapes. More than 70% of the attempted reactions produced a co-crystal as indicated by IR spectroscopy. Four new crystal structures are reported and in all of them, at least one potential binding site on the acceptor is left vacant. The absence of halogen bonds to all sites can be ascribed primarily due to deactivation of the σ-hole on the iodo-arene donors and partially due to steric hindrance. The tritopic acceptors containing 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole derivatives yield discrete tetrameric aggregates in the solid state, whereas the pyrazole and imidazole analogues assemble into halogen-bonded 1-D chains.
Beyond German Unification

The West has historically struggled to combine coherent military strategies with consistent arms-control policies. The political imperatives of arms control have often taken precedence over clarity in strategic thinking, most starkly in the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. The excuse for not worrying in the past was the stability derived from the ideological and military division of East and West. After all, military strategies could be changed only on the margin, and arms control offered only limited prospects for moderating the political and military confrontation. Now, political pressures arising from developments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe are overwhelming both military and arms- control policies. All the uncertainties are providing the excuse for failing to set strategic and arms-control goals.
Mental Management and Creativity

Creativity is a debased term. Intellectual productivity is the best term for what we have in mind in this chapter. Intellectually productive people work to produce useful new ideas. Some examples of intellectually productive people are scientists doing original research, authors writing imaginative literature, political workers devising new solutions to social problems, and mediators proposing ways to resolve conflicts between parties.
Single-Phase, Antibacterial Trimagnesium Phosphate Hydrate Coatings on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants by Rapid Microwave Irradiation Technique.

This Article reports the fabrication and evaluation of single-phase, silver-doped trimagnesium phosphate hydrate (Ag-TMPH) nanosheet coatings on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a well-known material u...
DSQL — An SQL for Structured Documents Extended Abstract

SQL has been the result of years of query language research, and has many desirable properties. We introduce DSQL - a language that is based on a theoretical foundation of a declarative language (document calculus) and an equivalent procedural language (document algebra). The outcome of this design is a language that looks and feels like SQL, yet is powerful enough to perform a vast range of queries on structured documents (currently focused on XML). The design of the language is independent of document formats, so the capability of the language will not change if the underlying markup language were changed. In spite of its familiarity and simplicity, we show that this language has many desirable properties, and is a good candidate for a viable query language for XML. This paper presents a canonical form of DSQL, showing only the properties of the language that affect the complexity of the language. Remarkably, SQL = core DSQL for flat input and outputs.
An analysis of associative learning in a terrestrial mollusc

We have recently demonstrated that associative learning can play an important role in the regulation of food selection behavior ofLimax maximus, a terrestrial mollusc. The tendency ofLimax to approach a normally attractive odor generated by a food source such as carrot or potato can be markedly reduced if exposure to that odor is paired with exposure to a bitter taste (quinidine sulfate). We now report that variables known to influence associative learning by vertebrates (the operations of a second-order conditioning procedure, blocking and US-pre-exposure) similarly influence associative learning byLimax.
Bibliotherapy with Abused Children

Bibliotherapy is discussed with an emphasis on how it can be used to help the abused child. Examples of useful books for helping children cope with abuse are presented. A case study illustrates the...
Coordination and Ring Expansion of 1,2-Dipolar Molecules with 9-Phenyl-9-borafluorene

The reactivity of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with a series of 1,2-dipolar organic molecules is investigated, revealing that either adducts or seven-membered heterocycles are generated. A nitrile, imine, and isonitrile formed the corresponding coordination complexes that showed no evidence of conversion to ring expanded products. An aldehyde, ketone, and ketene inserted the C═O moiety into the endocyclic B–C bond resulting in BOC5 boracycles. Isocyanates inserted either C═N or C═O depending on the polarization of the substrate with the former being the only substrate to generate a BNC5 ring system. The results demonstrate the potential of 9-borafluorenes as effective reagents to generate seven-membered boracycles with a biphenyl backbone.
Maternal care modulates transgenerational effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on offspring pup vocalizations and adult behaviors.

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can act upon a developing organism to change its endocrine health and behavior in adulthood. Beyond actions on the exposed individuals, transgenerational effects of several EDCs have been reported. This study assessed the combinatorial impact of EDC-altered maternal care and transgenerational inheritance on F3 male and female offspring. Pregnant rats were exposed to EDCs with different modes of action: the weakly estrogenic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1221, the anti-androgenic fungicide vinclozolin (VIN), or the vehicle (6% dimethylsulfoxide in sesame oil; VEH) during embryonic development. The F1 male and female offspring were bred through the paternal- or maternal-lineage with untreated partners to generate F2 offspring. This process was repeated through both maternal and paternal lineages to create the F3 generation. Maternal care of F2 dams towards their F3 offspring was altered in a lineage-dependent manner, particularly in PCB paternal-lineage animals. When F3 pups were recorded for ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) following separation from the mother, the rate of neonatal USVs in F3 offspring were decreased in PCB paternal-lineage pups. In adulthood, anxiety-like behaviors of the F3 rats were tested, with only small effects of EDCs detected. These interactions of maternal behaviors and EDC effects across generations, especially via the paternal lineage, has implications for health and environmental responses in wildlife and humans.
Empire’s accidents: Law, lies, and sovereignty in the “war on terror” in Pakistan:

This essay tracks the relationship between the legal and the lethal in the Central Intelligence Agency’s operations in Pakistan as part of the U.S.-led war on terror. I juxtapose an account of an a...
The Antioxidant Enzyme Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MsrA) Interacts with Jab1/CSN5 and Regulates Its Function

Methionine sulfoxide (MetO) is an oxidative posttranslational modification that primarily occurs under oxidative stress conditions, leading to alteration of protein structure and function. This modification is regulated by MetO reduction through the evolutionarily conserved methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) system. The Msr type A enzyme (MsrA) plays an important role as a cellular antioxidant and promotes cell survival. The ubiquitin- (Ub) like neddylation pathway, which is controlled by the c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (Jab1), also affects cell survival. Jab1 negatively regulates expression of the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (P27) through binding and targeting P27 for ubiquitination and degradation. Here we report the finding that MsrA interacts with Jab1 and enhances Jab1′s deneddylase activity (removal of Nedd8). In turn, an increase is observed in the level of deneddylated Cullin-1 (Cul-1, a component of E3 Ub ligase complexes). Furthermore, the action of MsrA increases the binding affinity of Jab1 to P27, while MsrA ablation causes a dramatic increase in P27 expression. Thus, an interaction between MsrA and Jab1 is proposed to have a positive effect on the function of Jab1 and to serve as a means to regulate cellular resistance to oxidative stress and to enhance cell survival.
Noncoding RNAs as regulators of cancer

As an emerging class of biologically relevant molecules, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) can serve as promising gateways into new frontiers of both basic research and clinical use. The growing knowledge of...
Age-related observations of low mass pre-main and young main sequence stars

This overview summarizes the age dating methods available for young sub-solar mass stars. Pre-main sequence age diagnostics include the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, spectroscopic surface gravity indicators, and lithium depletion; asteroseismology is also showing recent promise. Near and beyond the zero-age main sequence, rotation period or vsini and activity (coronal and chromospheric) diagnostics along with lithium depletion serve as age proxies. Other authors in this volume present more detail in each of the aforementioned areas. Herein, I focus on pre-main sequence HR diagrams and address the questions: Do empirical young cluster isochrones match theoretical isochrones? Do isochrones predict stellar ages consistent with those derived via other independent techniques? Do the observed apparent luminosity spreads at constant effective temperature correspond to true age spreads? While definitive answers to these questions are not provided, some methods of progression are outlined.
Abstract P527: Body Mass Index (bmi, Kg/m 2 ) vs. Body Fat % (bf%): Battle of Obesity Classification Metrics to Inform Underlying Cardiometabolic Risk

Introduction: The WHO defines overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. However, for population and clinical classification of overweight and obesity ...
Effects of growth substrate on the nucleation of monolayer MoTe2

The discovery and characterization of two-dimensional (2D) materials beyond graphene has increased dramatically over the past decade with increasingly fine control over the growth dynamics of these materials. MoTe2 represents a model material for studying phase change properties of 2D materials due to small energy differences between its 2H semiconducting phase and 1T′ semimetallic phase. Although some substrates are demonstrated to be better than others for the wafer-scale growth of high quality MoTe2 films, substrate effects on the nucleation and growth of MoTe2 are still not well understood. Here, we grow monolayer MoTe2 by converting MoOx thin films deposited on three different substrates: sapphire Al2O3 (0001), amorphous SiO2, and amorphous AlOx, and examine the early stages of the conversion reaction to elucidate the substrate effects on the nucleation of MoTe2. We observe that the chemical composition of the substrate is more important than the surface topography and crystallinity of the substrate, with high quality monolayer 2H MoTe2 formed on both Al2O3 (0001) and AlOx in contrast to mixed phase 2H/1T′ MoTe2 formed on SiO2, as determined by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics.

Millimeter wave (MM-wave) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are predicted to not produce penetrating effects in the body. The electric but not magnetic part of MM-EMFs are almost completely absorbed within the outer 1 mm of the body. Rodents are reported to have penetrating MM-wave impacts on the brain, the myocardium, liver, kidney and bone marrow. MM-waves produce electromagnetic sensitivity-like changes in rodent, frog and skate tissues. In humans, MM-waves have penetrating effects including impacts on the brain, producing EEG changes and other neurological/neuropsychiatric changes, increases in apparent electromagnetic hypersensitivity and produce changes on ulcers and cardiac activity. This review focuses on several issues required to understand penetrating effects of MM-waves and microwaves: 1. Electronically generated EMFs are coherent, producing much higher electrical and magnetic forces then do natural incoherent EMFs. 2. The fixed relationship between electrical and magnetic fields found in EMFs in a vacuum or highly permeable medium such as air, predicted by Maxwell's equations, breaks down in other materials. Specifically, MM-wave electrical fields are almost completely absorbed in the outer 1 mm of the body due to the high dielectric constant of biological aqueous phases. However, the magnetic fields are very highly penetrating. 3. Time-varying magnetic fields have central roles in producing highly penetrating effects. The primary mechanism of EMF action is voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation with the EMFs acting via their forces on the voltage sensor, rather than by depolarization of the plasma membrane. Two distinct mechanisms, an indirect and a direct mechanism, are consistent with and predicted by the physics, to explain penetrating MM-wave VGCC activation via the voltage sensor. Time-varying coherent magnetic fields, as predicted by the Maxwell-Faraday version of Faraday's law of induction, can put forces on ions dissolved in aqueous phases deep within the body, regenerating coherent electric fields which activate the VGCC voltage sensor. In addition, time-varying magnetic fields can directly put forces on the 20 charges in the VGCC voltage sensor. There are three very important findings here which are rarely recognized in the EMF scientific literature: coherence of electronically generated EMFs; the key role of time-varying magnetic fields in generating highly penetrating effects; the key role of both modulating and pure EMF pulses in greatly increasing very short term high level time-variation of magnetic and electric fields. It is probable that genuine safety guidelines must keep nanosecond timescale-variation of coherent electric and magnetic fields below some maximum level in order to produce genuine safety. These findings have important implications with regard to 5G radiation.
Brugada Pattern Manifesting During Hyperkalemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Acute Alcohol Intoxication

BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is a rare ion channelopathy that can lead to sudden cardiac death and lethal arrhythmias in patients without a structural cardiac defect, the most common of which being the gain-of-function mutation of the SCN5a sodium ion channel involving phase 0 of the cardiac action potential. In 2012, BrS electrocardiogram findings were redefined and classified as either congenital Brugada syndrome (BrS) or Brugada phenocopies (BrP). Several etiologies of BrP have been reported, such as metabolic derangements, electrolyte abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary embolism. CASE REPORT A 28-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department unresponsive. An initial ECG taken by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was interpreted as a STEMI. An initial ECG in the ED showed a Brugada type I ECG pattern in leads V1-V2 and hyperacute T wave abnormalities, among other findings. Additionally, the patient had a serum potassium level of 9 mmol/L, glucose level of 1375 mmol/L, and peak cardiac troponin-I of 20.452 μg/L. All underlying medical conditions were stabilized, electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities were corrected, and subsequent normalization of electrocardiographic findings was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Distinguishing congenital Brugada syndrome from Brugada phenocopies can be difficult, especially when patients present to the ED with severe underlying conditions. Several factors can be used to direct clinical suspicion towards one or the other; however, confirmation may require EP studies and further tests. In this case, the following findings were suggestive of BrP: presence of an identifiable underlying abnormality, correction of the underlying condition resolves the ECG pattern, and the absence of family history of sudden cardiac death.
Spore-Associated Proteins Involved in c-di-GMP Synthesis and Degradation of Bacillus anthracis .

Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic-dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an important bacterial regulatory signaling molecule affecting biofilm formation, toxin production, motility, and virulence. The genome of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is predicted to encode ten putative GGDEF/EAL/HD-GYP-domain containing proteins. Heterologous expression in Bacillus subtilis hosts indicated that there are five active GGDEF domain-containing proteins and four active EAL or HD-GYP domain-containing proteins. Using an mCherry gene fusion-Western blotting approach, the expression of the c-di-GMP-associated proteins was observed throughout the in vitro life cycle. Of the six c-di-GMP-associated proteins found to be present in sporulating cells, four (CdgA, CdgB, CdgD, and CdgG) contain active GGDEF domains. The six proteins expressed in sporulating cells are retained in spores in a CotE-independent manner and thus are not likely to be localized to the exosporium layer of the spores. Individual deletion mutations involving the nine GGDEF/EAL protein-encoding genes and one HD-GYP protein-encoding gene did not affect sporulation efficiency, the attachment of the exosporium glycoprotein BclA, or biofilm production. Notably, expression of anthrax toxin was not affected by deletion of any of the cdg determinants. Three determinants encoding proteins with active GGDEF domains were found to affect germination kinetics. This study reveals a spore association of cyclic-di-GMP regulatory proteins and a likely role for these proteins in the biology of the B. anthracis spore. IMPORTANCE The genus Bacillus is composed of Gram-positive, rod shaped, soil-dwelling bacteria. As a mechanism for survival in the harsh conditions in soil, the organisms undergo sporulation, and the resulting spores permit the organisms to survive harsh environmental conditions. Although most species are saprophytes, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis are human pathogens and Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen. The bacterial c-di-GMP regulatory system is an important control system affecting motility, biofilm formation, and toxin production. The role of c-di-GMP has been studied in the spore-forming bacilli Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis. However, this regulatory system has not heretofore been examined in the high-consequence zoonotic pathogen of this genus, B. anthracis.
CodeQuilt: Designing an Hour of Code Activity for Creative and Critical Engagement with Computing

As one of the largest initiatives to introduce K-12 youth to computing, the Hour of Code has reached hundreds of millions of students around the globe. While Hour of Code activities have been immensely successful, they have also been criticized for their focus on puzzle-like close-ended guided activities leaving out more creative and critical engagement with computing. In this paper, we report on efforts to design CodeQuilt, an Hour-of-Code-style activity in which middle and high school youth were asked to design Scratch projects that engage with issues on who and what is computing. We analyzed over 100 Scratch projects posted on the public CodeQuilt site in addition to reflective responses provided by participating youth. We found that a wide array of Scratch projects engaged creatively by integrating popular media but only a small number of projects focused on critical issues. In the discussion, we outline next steps for better supporting more critical and creative engagement with computing in Hour of Code activities.
Using Patient-Specific Quality Information to Unlock Hidden Healthcare Capabilities

Problem definition: We address two key questions faced by patients, physicians, and policy makers: (1) How do different types of patients benefit differently from elite surgeons? and (2) How can ou...
Decomposition pathways and mitigation strategies for highly-stable hydroxyphenazine flow battery anolytes

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries are a promising technology for large-scale energy storage. The stability of the redox active organic molecules is increasingly being recognized as one of the major hurdles. Upon extended flow battery cycling, 7,8-dihydroxyphenazine-2 sulfonic acid (DHPS) undergoes desulfonation and reduction of a phenolic C–O bond to yield a mixture of 7/8-hydroxyphenazine-2-sulfonic acid, as well as hydrogenation of the aromatic ring system. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of the charged DHPS, its ring-hydrogenated products, and variably substituted hydroxy phenazines has led to the development of a series of dihydroxylated phenazine isomers which provide insight into the effects of substitution pattern on solubility and stability. Seven dihydroxyphenazine (DHP) isomers were synthesized and their solubilities, electrochemical properties, flow battery cycling performance, and degradation pathways have been investigated. Based on theoretical and experimental results, hydroxyl substitution at the 1, 4, 6 and 9 positions yields highly stable derivatives, while substitution at the 2, 3, 7, and 8 positions results in unstable derivatives. Flow cells of 1,4- and 1,6-DHPs coupled with ferro/ferricyanide achieved high stabilities, with temporal capacity loss of 0.029 and 0.031% per day, respectively. Decomposition of 1,8- and 2,7-DHPs were found to arise from irreversible hydrogen rearrangement (tautomerization), yielding redox-inactive species. These results provide a detailed understanding of decomposition pathways and mitigation strategies for phenazine-based anolytes, and can provide general design guidelines for the development of stable redox-active organics.
How and Why Computer Systems Fail

Before jumping into the question of how to make systems reliable, it will be useful to briefly understand the reasons that distributed systems fail. In this chapter we discuss some of the thinking around failure: a surprisingly rich and varied technical topic.
Vitreoretinal Considerations in the Setting of the Permanent Keratoprosthesis

Keratoprosthesis design, surgery, and clinical management have undergone tremendous advancement over the past century [1]. Its modern-day use represents an important treatment for corneal blindness in conditions not amenable to traditional penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) [2]. While actual keratoprosthesis placement is traditionally done by a cornea specialist, the vitreoretinal specialist plays an important role in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of keratoprosthesis patients [3, 4]. Although many types of keratoprostheses, or KPros, are in modern-day use worldwide, including the osteo-odonto-keratprosthesis (OOKP) [5], this chapter will focus on the Boston keratoprosthesis [6], one of the most widely used KPros in the world.
Extracellular Deoxyribonuclease Production by Yeasts

A total of 20 genera of yeasts and yeastlike organisms were tested for their ability to produce an extracellular deoxyribonuclease. Results indicate that ability to produce the enzyme appears to be a specific characteristic of the three genera Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, and Tremella. A single strain of Endomycopsis fibuligera was also shown to be positive for the enzyme. In comparing the ability of the organisms to excrete extracellular deoxyribonuclease with their ability to produce urease, a surprisingly close correlation was found. With the exception of Lipomyces starkeyi, all the organisms which were deoxyribonuclease-negative were also urease-negative. Of those organisms which were deoxyribonuclease-positive, only E. fibuligera was urease-negative. The ability of cryptococci to produce extracellular deoxyribonuclease is discussed in relation to the implication which this finding may have for the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus.
Mechanics of Solids

This chapter introduces some basic concepts in the mechanics of deformable bodies. We consider how lengths, areas, and volumes change during a deformation, and this leads to the important concept of strain. We then introduce stress and the equations of motion. To complete the mechanics formulation of problems, we also describe the constitutive (or material) behavior. This is a complicated and extensive subject; our interest, however, is elastic behavior because that is the operational regime for most structural materials. Staying within the elastic limit is an important consideration and so some consideration is given to failure theories.
Ultrastructural changes in the microvillous plasma membrane during lipid absorption and the form of absorbed lipid: an in vivo study.

The absorption in vitro at 37°C of a micellar solution composed of fatty acid, monoglyceride and bile salt into rings of hamster small intestine was studied with special reference to the initial entry of lipid into the epithelial cells. During the incubation of small intestinal rings in a micellar solution at 37°C, the brush border plasma membrane changes from an asymmetric triple-layered structure to a symmetrical triple-layered structure. Finely dispersed material is found attached to the surfaces of the plasma membrane. Intracellularly the absorption process appears to proceed as in vivo, for globular fat is first found within smooth-surfaced apical vesicles below the terminal web region of the cells. The membrane of these vesicles is not of the plasma membrane type. Indentations between microvilli as well as small vesicles within the terminal web region each bounded by a membrane of the plasma membrane type are found with about the same frequency in both absorbing and nonabsorbing cells. The ultrastructural changes in the peripheral layer of the brush border plasma membrane are interpreted as representing the incorporation of micellar material into the surface of the membrane. This would be the first step in the absorption of digested lipid by the intestinal epithelial cells. The small 50 A particles found over sections which are stained with lead citrate appear to be lead precipitates.