cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How much is too much? A guide to appropriately bending ball tip guide wires when using intramedullary nails for the treatment of lower extremity long bone fractures

Abstract Introduction This study was to determine the angle of bend that can be placed in a ball-tip guide wire while still allowing passage of reamers and nails of several commonly utilized nailing systems. Methods Ball-tip guide wires, opening reamer tips, femoral nails, and tibial nails were collected from several manufacturers. Guide wires were incrementally bent 3 cm from the tip and passed through the reamer tip, tibial nail, and femoral nail until unable to pass. Results All systems tested demonstrated that the reamer, with its relative smaller diameter cannula as compared to the nails themselves, determined the smallest tolerable bend to be able to pass the bent guide wire. The bend angle tolerated by reamer tips was on average 7° (4–9°). The bend angle tolerated by femoral nails was more consistent between the tested systems and was on average 15.5° (12–18°). The bend angle tolerated by tibial nails had the most variability between manufacturers and was on average 16° (13–21°). Discussion Knowing the degree of guide wire bend which is tolerated can save time in equipment preparation as well as allow one to pre-bend the guide wire and know the intramedullary nail and/or reamers will likely pass. We hope the information provided in this work increases awareness of the potential technical issues with guide wire over-bending and that surgeons may err on the side of minimizing the bend in order to save time in the OR, decrease frustration and eliminate intraoperative complications that can occur.
213 MATURATION OF OOCYTES WITH FOLLICULAR FLUID FROM GILTS CONSUMING HIGH FAT AND FRUCTOSE AFFECTS SUBSEQUENT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

Infertility among women has become a growing issue in the world requiring a significant number to seek treatment by means of assisted reproductive technologies. One suggested reason for the fertility issue, which is known to specifically affect oocyte quality, is the modern diet. Previously, we have demonstrated that feeding a high-fructose diet to gilts led to poor reproductive tract characteristics and infertility. In this study, pre-pubescent gilts were fed either a high-fructose; high-fat diet (HFHF), with 15% beef tallow and 35% fructose; or an industry control diet (IND). Porcine follicular fluid (pFF) collected from these gilts was introduced into in vitro maturation systems to determine whether characteristics of the follicular fluid affect oocyte competence and embryo development. Follicles from ovaries, collected at a local abattoir, were aspirated by an 18 G needle attached to a 10-mL sterile syringe. Then selected cumulus‐oocyte complexes were maturated in vitro in a TCM-199 maturation media with cysteine, glucose, sodium pyruvate, epidermal growth factor (EGF), FSH, LH, and 20% pFF from treatment groups. Additionally, another group of oocytes, labelled follicle fluid free (FFF), were maturated in TCM-199 media without pFF. Three replicate experiments were conducted using a total of 365 oocytes, 124 FFF, 121 IND, and 120 HFHF. Oocytes were denuded by exposure to 0.1% hyaluronidase and oocytes that reached metaphase II (MII) were selected for in vitro fertilisation. After 5 h of co-incubation in modified Tween medium B with milk powder (mTBM)-based IVF media, presumable zygotes were transferred to porcine zygote medium-3 (PZM-3). Blastocyst frequency was recorded on Days 5 and 6. Day 6 blastocysts were stained with Hoechst for total cell number evaluation. The frequencies of blastocyst formation among the treatment groups were compared by a chi-squared test, and total cell numbers were compared by Student's t-test. Statistical significance was defined by P 0.05), indicating the supplementation of pFF did not affect maturation. Day 5 blastocysts were observed at frequencies of 8.3% FFF, 6.8% IND, and 4.7% HFHF and did not differ. However, frequency of Day 6 blastocysts from HFHF group was tended to be lower compared with that of other groups; 12.5% FFF, 11.4% IND, and 4.7% HFHF (P = 0.06 and P = 0.1). Average total cell number of Day 6 blastocysts observed were 41.0 ± 9.1 FFF, 36.0 ± 8.9 IND, and 48.3 ± 10.6 HFHF. The total cell number from HFHF group tended to be higher than only that of IND group (P = 0.07). Based on these results, we concluded that the follicular fluid of females consuming HFHF diets did not have impact on nuclear maturation of oocytes but might affect oocyte competency, thus resulting in detrimental effects on subsequent development of embryos, especially blastocyst formation. Further studies will help us identify more specific effects of nutrition on oogenesis and subsequent embryo development.
Histoplasmosis of the larynx.

Histoplasmosis commonly infects the lower respiratory tract, causing either a subclinical or a nonspecific pulmonary illness. It may also affect the larynx from widespread dissemination or in a localized form that mimics carcinoma. Hoarseness, dysphagia, and pain on swallowing are symptoms common to many diseases of the laryngopharynx, including histoplasmosis. It is therefore important to consider this fungus in the differential diagnosis. Since culture techniques alone may not establish the diagnosis, special stains of tissue preparations and serologic tests for histoplasmosis are important adjuncts. We have recently seen and treated two cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis. Amphotericin B remains the preferred drug.
Synthetic aperture radar speckle reduction for circle mode SAR images

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images contain a grainy pattern, called speckle, that is a consequence of a coherent imaging system. For fine resolution SAR images speckle can obscure subtle features and reduce visual appeal. Many speckle reduction methods result in a loss of image resolution and reduce visual appeal which can obscure subtle features. Another approach to maintain resolution while reducing speckle is to register and combine multiple images. For persistent surveillance applications it is more efficient for an airborne platform to fly circles around the particular area of interest. In these cases, it would be beneficial to combine multiple circle mode SAR images, however the image registration process is not so straightforward because the layover angle changes in each image. This paper develops a SAR image registration process for combining multiple circle mode SAR images to reduce speckle while preserving resolution. The registration first uses a feature matching algorithm for a coarse rotation and alignment, and then uses a fine registration and warp. Ku band SAR data from a circle mode SAR collection is used to show the effectiveness of the registration and enhanced visual appeal from multi-looking.
The control of the urokinase-catalyzed activation of human glutamic acid 1-plasminogen by positive and negative effectors.

The urokinase-catalyzed activation of human Glu1-plasminogen (Glu1Pg) has been found to be inhibited by monovalent anions in the following order of effectiveness: I- greater than SCN- greater than Cl- greater than IO3- greater than HCOO- greater than F- greater than OAc-. The inhibition is reversed by epsilon-aminocaproic acid, with its effectiveness in this capacity generally inversely proportional to the strength of the binding of the anion. The physical basis for the anion inhibition and epsilon-aminocaproic acid stimulation lies in the ability of these effectors to cause measurable opposite alterations in the conformation of Glu1Pg, which are revealed through study of the sedimentation velocity of the protein under various conditions. The kinetic mechanism of the chloride inhibition of Glu1Pg activation has been examined in detail. It has been found that the Glu1Pg.Cl complex serves as an alternate substrate to Glu1Pg for urokinase, with a greatly increased Km (25 +/- 3 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 microM, respectively) for activation. The kcat for the urokinase.Glu1Pg.Cl complex is approximately the same as that for urokinase.Glu1Pg (1.6 +/- 0.2 - 2.0 +/- 0.2/s). Similarly, the stimulation by epsilon-aminocaproic acid also results from effects on the Km of the activation, which is reduced to 1.8 +/- 0.2 microM for the Glu1Pg.Cl.epsilon-aminocaproic acid complex. The kcat for the urokinase.Glu1Pg.Cl.epsilon-aminocaproic acid of 2.4 +/- 0.3/s complex is not greatly different from that for urokinase.Glu1Pg.Cl. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the Glu1Pg-induced line broadening of the 35Cl- spectra in the presence and absence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid suggest that Cl- and epsilon-aminocaproic acid simultaneously bind to the protein and that each of these effectors displays its effects through separate binding sites.
Planning Enterprise Architecture: Creating organizational knowledge using the Theory of Structuration to build Information Technology

Enterprise Architecture (EA) defines the guidelines for the design and implementation of Information Technology (IT). Acting as the force that ensures alignment of organizational business plan(s) with IT, current EA frameworks are techno-centric in that business goals, strategies and governance are considered only from the informational aspects of automation. This means the current EA frameworks do not address the human behavior of stakeholders during EA excluding factors such as the effect of organizational change caused by EA and the new roles, duties, and responsibilities they are assigned. This paper extends previous work incorporating ideas from the Theory of Structuration to address human and organizational behavior as significant inputs to EA. This paper describes human and organizational behavior utilizing an approach to EA that includes preparing the organization, planning, educating and training staff and aspects of organizational and behavioral theory that focuses on communication and collaboration as a part of EA development.
The Economic Impact of Airbnb on New Orleans

We estimate the total economic impact of Airbnb on the New Orleans economy for 2015. Total economic impact is the sum of (1) the “direct effect” of spending on rent, food and beverages, transportation, and the like, (2) the “indirect effect,” where sectors which form the supply chain of these industries increase their purchase to fill this demand, and (3) the “induced effect,” where local incomes are spent and respent locally.
Creating a Food Defense/Response Plan in Food Processing Facilities

Abstract Food defense plans are tools that help food processing facilities protect their employees, products, and customers from intentional contamination. The basic steps in developing a food defense plan are: (1) Assemble a food defense team, (2) Gather documentation from other food safety and quality programs as well as supplemental information, (3) Conduct a vulnerability assessment, (4) Develop countermeasures and mitigation strategies, and (5) Prepare a response plan. Mitigation strategies can be broken down into broad mitigation strategies that focus on improving security for the entire operation and focused mitigation strategies that focus on specific processes that are vulnerable to contamination. Only the focused mitigation strategies are currently required for a food defense plan. Managing the food defense plan includes employee training, corrective actions, verification, and record keeping.
Charge segregation in weakly ionized microgels.

We investigate microgels synthesized from $N$-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) copolymerized with a large mol% of acrylic acid, finding that when the acid groups are partially ionized at high temperatures, competition between ion-induced swelling and hydrophobic deswelling of poly(NIPAM) chains results in microphase separation. In cross-linked microgels, this manifests as a dramatic decrease in the ratio between the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius to $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2$, indicating that almost all the mass of the microgel is concentrated near the particle center. We also observe a concurrent decrease of the polymer network length scale via small-angle neutron scattering, confirming the presence of a dense, deswollen core surrounded by a diffuse, charged periphery. We compare these results to those obtained for a system of charged ultralow-cross-linked microgels; the form factor shows a distinct peak at high $q$ when the temperature exceeds a threshold value. We successfully fit the form factor to theory developed to describe scattering from weakly charged gels in poor solvents, and we tie this behavior to charge segregation in the case of the cross-linked microgels.
Hydronium-Ion Batteries with Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride Crystals as an Electrode.

We demonstrate for the first time that hydronium ions can be reversibly stored in an electrode of crystalline 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). PTCDA exhibits a capacity of 85 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after an initial conditioning process. Ex situ X-ray diffraction revealed reversible and significant structure dilation upon reduction of PTCDA in an acidic electrolyte, which can only be ascribed to hydronium-ion intercalation. The lattice expansion upon hydronium storage was theoretically explored by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which confirmed the hydronium storage in PTCDA.
Identifying climate risk perceptions, information needs, and barriers to information exchange among public land managers.

Abstract Meeting ecosystem management challenges posed by climate change requires building effective communication channels among researchers, planners and practitioners to focus research on management issues requiring new knowledge. We surveyed resource managers within two regions of the western United States regions to better understand perceived risks and vulnerabilities associated with climate change and barriers to obtaining and using relevant climate science information in making ecosystem management decisions. We sought to understand what types of climate science information resource managers find most valuable, and the formats in which they prefer to receive climate science information. We found broad concern among natural resource managers in federal agencies that climate change will make it more difficult for them to achieve their management goals. Primary barriers to incorporating climate science into planning are distributed among challenges identifying, receiving, and interpreting appropriate science and a lack of direction provided by agency leadership needed to meaningfully use this emerging science in resource planning.
Teatralidad trans en Valparaíso: Los elencos de Pagano y Mara Taylor

La teatralidad, como juego de engano y fingimiento, ha servido como cualidad y estrategia para aquellas personas que resisten a las etiquetas de masculino-femenino, hombre-mujer. Usualmente, el termino “trans” es utilizado exclusivamente para referirse a personas transexuales. Sin embargo, en este articulo, el prefijo -trans, como principio transitivo, es aplicable al analisis de cuerpos transgeneros, travestis, transformistas, en otros, cuyas apariencias y apariciones son puestas en funcion de un acontecimiento escenico cargado de performatividad. Este trabajo situa y analiza dos elencos trans que han desarrollado una teatralidad en Valparaiso, destacandose en la cultura popular y urbana de esta ciudad.
Cutting through the MADness: Expectations about what a target is doing impact how likely it is to be found in dynamic visual displays.

When searching for things in the world, we seldom encounter the static environment so often afforded by laboratory search tasks. Dynamic events tend to capture attention; however, Kunar and Watson ...
Special Considerations for the Septic Patient Going to the Operating Room

Perioperative care of the septic patient presents unique challenges for the nurse. Understanding the physiology of sepsis is important for the nurse to anticipate the physiologic changes associated with the disorder and to prioritize the patient's needs. Ensuring adequate intravenous access by peripheral or central venous access as well as anticipating potential invasive monitoring lines allows the nurse to quickly administer antibiotic therapy, initiate fluid resuscitation, and prepare for potential vasopressor use.
Neuropsychological, Physiological, and Biochemical Assessment

The physical, psychoeducational, and behavioral development of the child is a prime concern in our society. Over the years, parents, teachers, administrators, and members of the helping professions have been called on to evaluate whether the child who in their care was evincing the expected and desirable development pattern. This demand for assessment has increased commensurately with the burgeoning availability of educational challenges and higher societal expectation placed on the child. As a result, the initial nonsystematic, anecdotal, and impressionistic methods of child evaluation are continuously being replaced by sophisticated, multidisciplinary, and standardized methods of assessment.
PRECONCEPTION EVALUATION AND INTERVENTION

Many pregnancies are predisposed to complications by events that occur in the first weeks of gestation. In fact, these complications may occur prior to the time that a woman knows she has become pregnant. Preconception care offers patients the opportunity to address these conditions before conception; the potential for a satisfactory pregnancy outcome is thereby increased. In the following report, I summarize current understandings in preconception care. Recent advances in preconception care have expanded the opportunities for preventing adverse reproductive outcome. Although the study of preconception care is a relatively new innovation, recent studies have shown the value of preconception intervention.
"It's Kinda Weird": Hybrid Identities in the International Undergraduate Community.

With benefits international students bring to campus, universities have adopted aggressive recruitment practices and increased institutional support for their retention and positive college engagement (Hegarty, 2014). Due to globalization, increasing numbers of international students enter college with multiple cultural/national affiliations (Gomes, Berry, Alzougool, & Chang, 2014). Yet, little is known about these complex identities and how they shape students’ experiences in U.S. higher education. Using Schlossberg’s Transition Theory, the article leverages interview data to theorize hybrid national/cultural identities of five “international” undergraduate students at a private university on the Eastern seaboard. Although the institution used passport information to categorize student nationality, participants chose to self-identify less categorically. Our discussion recommends dialogue around international students’ identity constructs to thoughtfully affirm hybridity.
Initial SRS for Patients With 5 to 15 Brain Metastases: Results of a Multi-Institutional Experience.

Purpose Several studies evaluating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with >4 brain metastases (BM) demonstrated similar outcomes after treatment of 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 15 BM; others found clinically significant survival decrements in the latter group. In this review of 8 academic centers, we compared outcomes of patients undergoing initial SRS for 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 15 BM. Methods and Materials A total of 2089 patients treated with initial SRS for BM were included. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Patient and disease characteristics were evaluated for association with OS and cumulative incidence of distant brain failure (DBF) using stepwise multivariable Cox proportional hazards and competing risk regression modeling. Results In this series, 989 (47%) patients had 1 metastasis, 882 (42%) had 2 to 4 metastases, and 212 (10%) had 5 to 15 metastases treated. Median OS for the 1, 2 to 4, and 5 to 15 BM groups was 14.6, 9.5, and 7.5 months, respectively (log-rank P Conclusions Patients treated with initial SRS for 5 to 15 BM experienced survival similar to that in patients with 2 to 4 BM. Lower rates of salvage SRS were observed in the 5 to 15 BM group, with no difference in rates of salvage whole brain radiation therapy.
An Overview of the Current NASA Program on Aircraft Icing Research

The NASA Lewis Research Center is presently conducting an aircraft icing research program, the major thrust of which is to advance technologies that improve our ability to model the icing phenomenon and its effect on aircraft. The approach employs three interrelated elements: analysis; wind tunnel experiments; and, considerable flight testing in natural icing clouds. This paper presents a brief overview of this program with emphasis on recent accomplishments.
Nucleophilic additions of primary and secondary amines to pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione

The crystal structures of three compounds formedvia nucleophilic attack of a heterocyclic secondary amine on PCU-8,11-dione, with the concomitant intramolecular attack of one keto oxygen on the carbon of the other ketone, are presented. In all three compounds, the bridging oxygen contains substantial p-character, and the bonds to the “attacking” nitrogen are significantly shorter than would be expected.
Unpredictable stress delays recovery from exercise-induced muscle pain: contribution of the sympathoadrenal axis.

Author(s): Alvarez, Pedro; Green, Paul G; Levine, Jon D | Abstract: IntroductionAlthough stress is a well-establish risk factor for the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain, the underlying mechanisms, specifically the contribution of neuroendocrine stress axes, remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate the hypothesis that psychological stress-induced activation of the sympathoadrenal stress axis prolongs the muscle pain observed after strenuous exercise.MethodsAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to unpredictable sound stress and eccentric exercise. The involvement of the sympathoadrenal stress axis was evaluated by means of surgical interventions, systemic administration of epinephrine, and intrathecal β2-adrenergic receptor antisense.ResultsAlthough sound stress alone did not modify nociceptive threshold, it prolonged eccentric exercise-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Adrenal medullectomy (ADMdX) attenuated, and administration of stress levels of epinephrine to ADMdX rats mimicked this effect of sound stress. Knockdown of β2-adrenergic receptors by intrathecal antisense also attenuated sound stress-induced prolongation of eccentric exercise-induced hyperalgesia.ConclusionTogether, these results indicate that sympathoadrenal activation, by unpredictable sound stress, disrupts the capacity of nociceptors to sense recovery from eccentric exercise, leading to the prolongation of muscle hyperalgesia. This prolonged recovery from ergonomic pain is due, at least in part, to the activation of β2-adrenergic receptors on muscle nociceptors.
The market response to government crop news under different release regimes

Abstract Many USDA reports are anticipated by commodity traders because they contain news about market fundamentals. USDA has made several recent changes to the publication of these reports, including shifting their publication time, releasing them so that traders can respond in real-time, and--just last July--removing media from the lockup environment where reports are prepared. Previously, traders had hours to digest USDA news, or at least access media summaries of that news, before or just as active trading resumed; now traders must digest news while markets are open. We show that continuous trading of government news coincided with wider daily session price ranges in the CBOT corn market. At the intraday level, we confirm recent findings about elevated trading volatility at report publication time under the real-time format: that these volatility spikes moderate fairly quickly, and that the CBOT corn market has a more difficult time distinguishing important news events. Although the sample of news events since the lockup policy change is small, we do not find evidence that removing media members from lockup has increased announcement time price volatility using either daily or intraday data.
Ossiculoplasty for Tympanosclerosis

The utility of surgery for tympanosclerosis has been a controversial topic among otologic surgeons for many decades. Knowing the variations in tympanosclerotic involvement, different aspects of surgical technique, and audiologic outcomes data can help inform the discussion of optimal management between surgeon and patient. Tympanosclerosis can involve all structures in the middle ear, and the distribution of that involvement determines the likelihood of surgical success in hearing improvement. Most recent studies indicate that having a mobile stapes is a key prognostic factor and increases the chance of meaningful hearing improvement following surgery. Stapes surgery for tympanosclerosis can also be successful, but results are more variable. Tympanosclerosis is a challenging condition to treat, and the decision regarding surgical management should be thoughtful and carefully weighed against benefits obtained from amplification alone.
Integrated Routing and Charging Scheduling for Autonomous Electric Aerial Vehicle System

Autonomous electric aerial vehicles (EAVs) are expected to bring fundamental changes to city infrastructures and daily commutes. Currently, the EAVs, including the delivery drones and the electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) air taxi, are all under limited battery endurance and vertiport capacity, which is insufficient for long-range commutes. In this paper, we propose a joint scheduling methodology to handle the optimal routing and charging tasks for the Autonomous Electric Aerial Vehicle System. By considering the unique characteristics of on-demand EAVs, the joint optimization problem can effectively utilize the system's resources. The problem is formulated by integrating charging features into the classic vehicle routing problem with time windows. To make it easy to solve, we further transform the nonlinear problem to a mixed integer linear program. The problem formulation and the operational constraints are both well validated through comprehensive simulations.
Modeling and Monitoring of the Effect of Scan Strategy on Microstructure in Additive Manufacturing

Laser powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing process that uses a selective melting technique to build three-dimensional metal structures. This fabrication technique is useful for creating complex parts with fine resolution. However, the repeated scanning method used throughout the process results in complex thermal behavior, which introduces microstructural variations and defects in the final part. The semi-analytical model used in this work calculates the temperature distributions and thermal conditions in laser powder bed fusion to predict the microstructural variations. Additionally, an in situ process monitoring approach is used to verify the predicted influence of the processing parameters and scan strategy on the microstructure of the printed parts.
Impact of Smoking on Survival Outcomes in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis.

ObjectiveCharacterize the survival impact of smoking on HPV-related (human papillomavirus) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Data SourcesArticles from 2000 to 2019 in the PubMed, Embase, and Co...
Generosity without borders: The interactive effect of spatial distance and donation goals on charitable giving

Abstract Although past research suggests that people are more likely to donate money to nearby causes to maximize their positive impact on others’ lives, donations to foreign causes are growing rapidly. Incorporating both other-focused impact goals and self-focused moral goals into our conceptualization, we propose that an interplay between the accessibility of impact/moral goals and the spatial distance between donors and recipients of charitable causes (e.g., faraway vs. nearby recipients) influences charitable behaviors (e.g., donation amounts and charitable choices). Specifically, when the goal to maintain a moral self-concept (impact recipients’ lives) is accessible, donors experience a more expansive conception of their moral circle (apply the “closeness-equals-impact” heuristic) and donate more money to faraway (nearby) causes. We further demonstrate that moral (impact) goals are more abstract (concrete) motivations, and their effects also emerge when priming an abstract (concrete) mindset. Five studies support these predictions while ruling out alternative interpretations.
Refining information literacy practice: Examining the foundations of information literacy theory

There are many ways for an academic librarian to contribute to the teaching and learning mission of an institution ranging from direct instruction to assignment design. Given this plethora of infor...
Comparing First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Flexibility in Hallux Rigidus Patients Pre- and Postcheilectomy Using a Novel Flexibility Device:

Background:Hallux rigidus (HR) is a common pathology of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint causing pain and stiffness. However, severity of symptoms and radiographic findings are not always ...
Error anxiety, Error Expectancy, Team Reflexivity and Individual-Level Errors

Errors in organizations perceived as indicators of poor performance and evoke negative emotions. However, being negative about errors, is not necessarily lead to error elimination and may even incr...
Biomarker-guided neuromodulation aids memory in traumatic brain injury

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of cognitive disability in adults, often characterized by marked deficits in episodic memory and executive function. Prior studies have found that direct electrical stimulation of the temporal cortex yielded improved memory in epilepsy patients, but it is not clear if these results generalize to patients with a specific history of TBI. Here we asked whether applying closed-loop, direct electrical stimulation to lateral temporal cortex could reliably improve memory in a TBI cohort. Among a larger group of patients undergoing neurosurgical evaluation for refractory epilepsy, we recruited a subset patients with a history of moderate-to-severe TBI. By analyzing neural data from indwelling electrodes as patients studied and recalled lists of words, we trained personalized machine-learning classifiers to predict momentary fluctuations in mnemonic function in each patient. We subsequently used these classifiers to trigger high-frequency stimulation of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) at moments when memory was predicted to fail. This strategy yielded a 19% boost in recall performance on stimulated as compared with non-stimulated lists (P = 0.012). These results provide a proof-of-concept for using closed-loop stimulation of the brain in treatment of TBI-related memory impairment.
Stability of reconstruction of real and complex multidimensional signals from Fourier transform magnitude

The lower bound on the condition number of the problem of reconstruction for two classes of signals is derived. The lower bound for N*N images in which the norm of the Fourier transform magnitude (FTM) vector is dominated by DC and low-frequency components is shown to grow with N. The lower bound for images in which the elements of the FTM vector contribute more or less equally to its norm is 1. The problem of reconstruction from FTM and known phase in space domain is discussed. Since the introduction of sufficiently random space-domain phase results in flattened FTM distribution, the lower bound on the condition number of the reconstruction problem with respect to the FTM vector again becomes one. This is in agreement with experimental results, indicating that randomizing the phase in space domain improves the convergence rate of the Grechberg-Saxton algorithm. >
Methods for the Design and Analysis of Sedimentation Velocity and Sedimentation Equilibrium Experiments with Proteins

Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments play an integral role in the solution phase characterization of recombinant proteins and other biological macromolecules. This unit discusses the design of sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments performed with a Beckman Optima XL-A or XL-I analytical ultracentrifuge. Optimal instrument settings and experimental design considerations are explained, and strategies for the analysis of experimental data with the UltraScan data analysis software package are presented. Special attention is paid to the strengths and weaknesses of the available detectors, and guidance is provided on how to extract maximum information from analytical ultracentrifugation experiments.
Subspace learning using consensus on the grassmannian manifold

High-dimensional structure of data can be explored and task-specific representations can be obtained using manifold learning and lowdimensional embedding approaches. However, the uncertainties in data and the sensitivity of the algorithms to parameter settings, reduce the reliability of such representations, and make visualization and interpretation of data very challenging. A natural approach to combat challenges pertinent to data visualization is to use linearized embedding approaches. In this paper, we explore approaches to improve the reliability of linearized, subspace embedding frameworks by learning a plurality of subspaces and computing a geometric mean on the Grassmannian manifold. Using the proposed algorithm, we build variants of popular unsupervised and supervised graph embedding algorithms, and show that we can infer high-quality embeddings, thereby significantly improving their usability in visualization and classification.
Observations of Stellar Rotation and Line Strengths for OB Stars

For 121 southern stars of spectral types between 05 and A3, including 35 supergiants, equivalent widths and values of v e sin i have been measured for absorption lines on direct-intensity tracings of coude spectrograms from Mount Stromlo, with original dispersion 150 microns per angstrom. For stars of a particular temperature and luminosity class, the strength of the hydrogen lines is weaker and the triplet helium lines stronger in fast rotators than in sharp-lined objects which are rotating more slowly. Full details are in print (Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 144 (1969), 1): subsequent papers in press present detailed profiles of the Balmer lines for 23 slowly rotating stars and details of emission features shown by several fast rotators.
Representation Reinforcement: A Legislative Solution to a Legislative Process Problem

One of the most valuable-and disturbing-insights offered by public choice theory has been the recognition that wealthy, well-organized interests with narrow, intense preferences often dominate the legislative process while diffuse, unorganized interests go under-represented. Responding to this insight, legal scholars in the fields of statutory interpretation and administrative law have suggested that the solution to the problem of representational inequality lies with the courts. Indeed, over the past two decades, scholars in these fields have offered up a host of John Hart Ely-inspired representation reinforcing "canons of construction," designed to encourage judges to use their role as statutory interpreters to tip the scales in favor of groups believed to be under-represented in the political process. This Article takes issue with such judicial solutions and instead proposes a legislative solution to what is, at bottom, a legislative process problem. A legislative solution has many advantages over a judicial one: (1) it avoids judicial usurpation of legislative power; (2) it reaches all legislation, not only those laws which become the subject of litigation; and (3) it has the potential to empower traditionally disadvantaged interests at the lawmaking stage, rather than merely reduce the harm worked upon them at the statute-interpreting stage. The Article argues for a new framework statute designed to institutionalize a congressional precommitment to evaluate the impact that proposed legislation will have on politically disadvantaged groups. It concludes by advocating a modified, but enduring, judicial role, limited to enforcing this congressional precommitment.
Health care got short shrift in an election about nothing

As the dust settled after the Nov. 27 federal election, many Canadians were left asking, “What was that about?” Some columnists started calling it “the Seinfeld election” because, like that sitcom, it was about “nothing.” Prime Minister Jean Chretien's political opponents charged that
Comparative Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Sculpting the Curd of Brassica oleracea

The enlarged inflorescence (curd) of cauliflower and broccoli provide not only a popular vegetable for human consumption, but also a unique opportunity for scientists who seek to understand the genetic basis of plant growth and development. By the comparison of quantitative trait loci (QTL) maps constructed from three different F2 populations, we identified a total of 86 QTL that control eight curd-related traits in Brassica oleracea. The 86 QTL may reflect allelic variation in as few as 67 different genetic loci and 54 ancestral genes. Although the locations of QTL affecting a trait occasionally corresponded between different populations or between different homeologous Brassica chromosomes, our data supported other molecular and morphological data in suggesting that the Brassica genus is rapidly evolving. Comparative data enabled us to identify a number of candidate genes from Arabidopsis that warrant further investigation to determine if some of them might account for Brassica QTL. The Arabidopsis/Brassica system is an important example of both the challenges and opportunities associated with extrapolation of genomic information from facile models to large-genome taxa including major crops.
Social Capital and Inequality: The Significance of Social Connections

The study of social connections and their consequences is central to social psychology and represents a growing field of inquiry in the social sciences more broadly. It is linked to the analysis of social networks and to what is called “social capital,” a term made popular by Robert Putnam. A major dimension of inequality in society is the extent of access to social capital, to connections that matter. Differential access to such resources is one of the most enduring features of social inequality and a key reason for its reproduction across time and space. Networks structure access and access to social capital is linked to variation in important life outcomes, revealing the significance of such factors for the study of inequality and its reproduction. Social capital has been linked to outcomes as diverse as health status, intellectual development, academic performance, employment opportunities, occupational attainment, entrepreneurial success or failure, and even juvenile delinquency, among other things. This chapter reviews some of the relevant theory and research on networks and inequality.
Basal antral follicle number and mean ovarian diameter predict cycle cancellation and ovarian responsiveness in assisted reproductive technology cycles

Abstract Objective: To determine the predictive value and define threshold levels for basal antral follicle number and mean ovarian diameter in patients undergoing ART cycles. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: Two hundred seventy-eight patients who had ovarian measurements performed on cycle day 3 before beginning treatment with gonadotropins. Intervention: Pretreatment ovarian ultrasound measurements. Main Outcome Measure: Number of oocytes retrieved, hormone levels, and cycle outcomes. Results: A direct linear correlation was observed between mean ovarian diameter and basal follicle number. Both measures demonstrated a positive linear correlation with recovered oocytes, basal E 2 , and peak E 2 . Both demonstrated a negative linear correlation with ampules of gonadotropins administered, days of stimulation, patient age, cycle day 3 FSH, and FSH:LH ratio. An antral follicle count of ≤10 or a mean ovarian diameter of Conclusions: Ovarian diameter and basal antral follicle number identify patients who may respond poorly to ART stimulation. These ovarian measures correlate well with ART screening and stimulation parameters. This knowledge allows physicians to evaluate and counsel patients immediately before an ART stimulation and to optimize stimulation protocols.
Inpatient multidimensional management of treatment-resistant in somnia: Comprehensive treatment in an inpatient psychiatric unit

Abstract Twenty patients with severe chronic refractory insomnia underwent inpatient psychiatric treatment. All patients had Axis I and/or Axis II diagnoses, in most cases affective and substance use disorders as well as various personality disorders. An individualized combination of psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques was directed primarily toward treating the underlying mental disorders. Fourteen patients received medication. In spite of the wellknown resistance of chronic insomniacs to conventional treatment efforts, 16 of the 20 patients achieved good nightly sleep while they improved in social interactions and overall quality of life and remained improved at six months’ follow-up. Thus, the inpatient psychiatric unit appears to be an ideal setting for the multidimensional management of treatment-resistant insomnia.
Short-channel enhancement-mode planar GaAs nanowire HEMTs through a bottom-up method

Bottom-up self-assembled planar nanowires (NWs) are of great interest for device application because they can be readily integrated using conventional processing technique. Planar GaAs NWs have been demonstrated to have great crystal quality (free from top-down dry etching damages) and high electron mobility. Considering NWs' 3D geometry, planar NW-FETs inherently benefit from the enhanced electron confinement and electrostatic gate control which are essential to suppress short channel effects and enable the down-scaling of modern transistors. We had fabricated multiple channel planar NW high electron mobility transistors (NW-HEMTs) with self-aligned intrinsic planar &#60;110> GaAs NWs capped with Si doped Al x Ga 1−x As thin film as the channel on semi-insulating (100) GaAs substrates and demonstrated the feasibility of wafer-scale electrical uniformity of bottom-up NW-FETs previously [1–4]. However, these prototype multiple channel planar NW-HEMTs were of 1.2µm gate length and ∼250nm NW diameter in the channel.
The Class I Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Glucocorticoid-Responsive in the Rat Hepatoma Microcell Hybrid Cell Line, 11-3

Expression of the class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene in the rat hepatoma microcell hybrid cell line, 11-3, was examined. The steady-state level of ADH mRNA in 11-3 was -2-fold higher than that of rat liver and Fao, the parental cell line of 114. Removal of steroid hormones by activated charcoal from the serum in which 113 cells were maintained resulted in a significant decrease in the level of ADH transcript. Dexamethasone at a concentration of 1 pM increased the ADH mRNA content in 11-3 in a time-dependent fashion, up to 48 hr after its addition to cells that had first been deprived of steroid hormones. In addition, levels of ADH transcript in cells treated with dexamethasone increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the concentration of dexamethasone required to achieve half-maximal activation was 5 nM. By using the techniques of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, and by taking advantage of a restriction polymorphism present between the rat and mouse ADH cDNA, we found that 11-3 contained both the rat and mouse class I ADH transcripts, although the rat sequence accounted for the great majority. Moreover, levels of both rat and mouse class I ADH transcripts increased in a similarly time-dependent manner in cells treated with dexamethasone. These results indicate that expression of class I ADH gene in 11-3 is high and is regulated by glucocorticoids, making the cell line an excellent model for the in vitro study of ADH expression.
Reactions of Cp*Ir(2,5-dimethylthiophene) with electrophiles, acids, and maleic anhydride

Abstract This paper describes reactions of the two isomers (η5-Cp*)Ir(η4-2,5-Me2T) (1) and (η5-Cp*)Ir(C,S-2,5-Me2T) (2), where 2,5-Me2T is 2,5-dimethylthiophene, with several electrophiles, acids, and maleic anhydride. The reactions of 1 and 2 with methyl iodide give the same product Cp*Ir(η4-2,5-Me2T·CH3)+ in which the CH3+ is bonded to the sulfur atom, as established by X-ray studies. The reaction of 1 with maleic anhydride gives two structurally characterized products: Cp*Ir[η1(S)-Cp*Ir(η4-2,5-Me2T)][η2-C4H2O3] (13), in which S-coordinated Cp*Ir(η4-2,5-Me2T) and η2-maleic anhydride are ligands to the Cp*Ir unit, and another product (12) that has the composition of 13 except for one additional oxygen atom. Complex 12, with a complicated and unusual structure, is also isolated from the reaction of maleic anhydride and the acylthiolate Cp*Ir[η4-C3H2MeC(O)Me] (14). Reactions of 1 and 2 with a variety of other agents (MeSSMe2+, CF3SO3H, HCl, H2S, EtOH and I2) are also described.
Alienation and cheating behavior in the school environment

An attempt was made to examine the possible relationship between alienation and cheating behavior. It was hypothesized that the more alienated an individual was in an academic setting, the more likely the incidence of cheating. One hundred twenty subjects were administered Scrole's Scale of Anomia and a survey instrument. Chi-square for independent samples indicated difference between alienation and cheating behavior and between cheating and sex beyond the.05 level of significance.
End-Point Deflection And Slope Measurements Of A Flexible Robot Arm

The increasing demand for the light-weight elastic manipulator requires the accurate means of measuring end-point deflection and slope of each link due to its flexibility. The end-effector position and orientation of an elastic robot depends on both link tip deflection and slope in addition to the joint angles. In other words, for an accurate control of end-effector position and orientation, the link tip deflection and slope should be measured using any sensory devices. The proposed system uses a laser beam to measure two-dimensional deflection and slope angle and can be utilized for static and dynamic correction of robot end-effector position using the appropriate control schemes.
Winter cover crop effects on soil organic carbon and carbohydrate in soil

Winter cover crops may increase soil organic carbon (SOC) levels or reduce their rate of depletion. Selection of appropriate cover crops to increase SOC requires an adequate knowledge of the quality and quantity of plant biomass produced and its rate of decomposition in soil. This study examined the SOC and carbohydrate concentrations in soil as affected by several leguminous and nonleguminous cover crops after 6 yr of a corn (Zea mays L.) cover crop double cropping system in a temperate, humid region. The vegetation in the control treatment without cover crops was primarily shepherd's-purse [Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus]. The cover crops had a variable effect on SOC and soil carbohydrate concentrations due to a significant difference in total organic C and carbohydrate produced by the cover crops. The buried bag technique showed that the biomass C from the aboveground biomass of the cover crops decomposed rapidly in the soil with a half-life averaging 30.9 ± 9.4 (SD) d in 1992 and 55.2 ± 7.8 (SD) d in 1993. The decomposition of carbohydrate in the aboveground biomass in the soil was also rapid with an average half-life of 40.0 ± 13.1 (SD) d in 1992 and 50.5 ± 11.8 (SD) d in 1993. The overriding cover crop effect on SOC and carbohydrate was due to the magnitude of the C inputs from the cover crops. With more than 4 Mg ha -1 of top biomass, cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multijlorum Lam.) were better suited as winter cover crops for building SOC levels in this region than Austrian winter pea (Lathyrus hirsutus L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and canola (Brassica napus L.).