cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Penetration behavior and subsurface grafting of dansyl cadaverine and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives in poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) film

Abstract Dansyl cadaverine and polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives were grafted on the surface of EAA film and in its subsurface region through formation of amides and esters, respectively. A two-step reaction was conducted. First, EAA film was activated with PCl 5 at room temperature. Second, the acid chloride was reacted with dansyl cadaverine or a PEG derivative to form a modified film. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and fluorometry were employed to analyze the modified films after each step. It was found that dichloromethane yielded the highest grafting efficiency, with the dansyl cadaverine penetrating throughout the ATR-FTIR analysis region (∼400 nm) in a few minutes. As the grafting depth increased with time, so did the amount of fluorescence intensity of grafted dansyl cadaverine. ATR-FTIR spectra for PEG grafting indicated that the acid chloride peak decreased with time, while the ester peak increased. However, hydrolysis occurred at later times, consuming the acid chloride groups within the film. A marked decrease of static water contact angle was observed for EAA grafted with PEG99 (PEG that contains 99 ethylene glycol repeat units), almost 40° lower than that of neat EAA (∼99°). For other PEG-grafted films, the surface hydrophilicity was also improved.
Losing their (passive) voice: Syntactic neutralization in heritage German

This paper reports initial findings on the apparent loss of passive voice constructions in Moundridge Schweitzer German, a moribund enclave dialect spoken in South Central Kansas. The dialect once had three agent-suppressing constructions; today speakers produce only an impersonal construction but marginally recognize one passive construction in comprehension tasks. Comparative and internal evidence suggests a clear path for this development qua syntactic extension. Empirically, numerous heritage and moribund languages lose passive constructions, and our account appears extendable to those settings in ways that illuminate some claims about heritage language syntax. The synchronic outcomes are easily modeled using the notion of syntactic neutralization, and we argue that a neutralization approach to syntactic ineffability has significant advantages over a NULL PARSE approach. Since the latter is Optimality Theory (OT)-specific, we model our findings in OT. Because neutralization is a framework-independent concept, our findings have broader ramifications.
Zip3 Provides a Link between Recombination Enzymes and Synaptonemal Complex Proteins

In budding yeast, absence of the meiosis-specific Zip3 protein (also known as Cst9) causes synaptonemal complex formation to be delayed and incomplete. The Zip3 protein colocalizes with Zip2 at discrete foci on meiotic chromosomes, corresponding to the sites where synapsis initiates. Observations suggest that Zip3 promotes synapsis by recruiting the Zip2 protein to chromosomes and/or stabilizing the association of Zip2 with chromosomes. Zip3 interacts with a number of gene products involved in meiotic recombination, including proteins that act at both early (Mre11, Rad51, and Rad57) and late (Msh4 and Msh5) steps in the exchange process. We speculate that Zip3 is a component of recombination nodules and serves to link the initiation of synapsis to meiotic recombination.
Aerosol techniques for glass formation

Abstract In silica-based optical fibers with special doping for fiber lasers, high purity rare earth oxide glasses must be incorporated into the central core of the optical fiber preform. The rare earth elements used in fiber lasers have very low vapor pressures as inorganic, and even organo-metallic compounds and cannot be convectively transported with ease. To incorporate these elements into the core in a fiber preform, solution doping and sol-gel techniques are presently being employed; however, with these methods it can be difficult to structure the radial profile of the refractive index. By forming an aerosol of organo-metallic compounds, this aerosol may be easily transported into the reaction zone where the compounds dissociate and are oxidized at atmospheric pressure to form a high purity glass. Each liquid aerosol particle (typically of the order of several micrometers) contains all of the elements needed to form a multicomponent glass. This is, in essence, a new technique for glass formation.
Who Invented the Delta Method

Many statisticians and other scientists use what is commonly called the “delta method.” However, few people know who proposed it. The earliest article was found in an obscure journal, and the author is rarely cited for his contribution. This article briefly reviews three modern versions of the delta method and how they are used. Then, some history on the author and the journal of the first known article on the delta method is given. The original author’s specific contribution is reproduced, along with a discussion on possible reasons that it has been overlooked.
MISCIBILITY OF POLYOLEFIN BLENDS FROM A BORN-GREEN-YVON LATTICE MODEL IN CONJUNCTION WITH SMALL SCALE SIMULATIONS

The large variation in miscibility of blends of polyolefins is related to the architecture of the chain molecules. In this paper we present first results of an approach in which small scale simulations of local interactions are combined with an analytical model for the thermodynamics, the Born-Green-Yvon lattice model, to predict phase diagrams of polyolefin blends from the pure component properties.
The Influence of Tree Species, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Soil C to N ratio on Gross Soil Nitrogen Transformations

To investigate controls on gross N transformations in forest soils, a 15 N pool dilution technique was used on soils of single-species plots of five major tree species (red oak [Quercus rubra L.], sugar maple[Acer saccharum Marsh.], hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr], beech [Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.] and yellow birch [Betula alleghaniensis Britton]) in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. Catskill forest soils had high rates of gross mineralization and NH 4 + consumption, indicating rapid NH 4 + cycling, a pattern not captured by net N mineralization assays. Sugar maple had the highest rates of gross mineralization and NH 4 + consumption. Rates of gross nitrification were similar to rates of net nitrification for all species. Sugar maple had the highest gross nitrification rates, while hemlock and red oak had the lowest rates. There were no significant species differences in NO 3 - consumption. Fertilization of the plots did not significantly alter N cycling rates with the exception of yellow birch, where N fertilization decreased NO 3 - consumption. We observed a significant negative relationship between net nitrification and soil C/N ratio in both organic and mineral horizons, but our results indicate that the mechanism underlying that relationship was different in the two horizons. In the mineral horizon, limitation of net nitrification in soils of high C/N ratio probably resulted from low gross NH 4 + production. In organic horizons, low NH 4 + production was not a significant factor and higher NO 3 - consumption explained some of the pattern. Understanding the roles individual tree species as well as excess N input play in regulation of the N cycle will improve forest management and prediction of forest responses to elevated N deposition.
Serum amylase levels in experimental intestinal obstruction

Summary Total pancreatectomy was performed in a series of dogs. The survivors were maintained with isophane insulin and a routine kennel diet. After a period of 14 to 17 days, complete mechanical small bowel obstruction was created in five of these dogs at a high jejunal level and, in five others, in the terminal ileum. The dogs were allowed to eat and vomit, being maintained with routine diet and isophane insulin. As long as the intestinal tract remained intact, there was no rise in the serum amylase in these dogs, although massive intestinal distention developed with its concomitant free peritoneal fluid. The source of the elevated serum amylase observed in dogs with acute mechanical small bowel obstruction is the pancreas.
Long-term follow-up of pathologic stage I large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients after primary radiotherapy

The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term outcome of Stage I large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients treated with primary radiotherapy and to assess the potential influence of these results on the development of future treatment protocols for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Between April 1970 and July 1983, 15 pathological Stage I and four pathological Stage II large cell lymphoma patients were treated with primary radiotherapy at the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinics. This paper focuses on the long-term outcome of the 15 Stage I patients. As of March 1995, with a median survival of 171 months, five of the 15 Stage I patients are alive: four with no sign of lymphoma and one with recurrence and a secondary malignant neoplasm (SMN). Estimated 5- and 10- year recurrence-free survival rates are 86% and 78%, respectively. Overall survival at 5 years is 80% and at 10 years, 67%. Six patients developed SMNs, all of which were solid tumors. Ten of the 15 patients died: four from SMNs, three from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and three from other causes without recurrence (two died of cardiovascular disease and one of a pulmonary embolism). Deaths due to lymphoma in pathologic Stage I patients treated by radiotherapy alone have not changed significantly since our last report in 1985; however, deaths due to SMNs have increased. To provide optimal treatment for early non-Hodgkin's large-cell lymphoma, examination of the long-term treatment risks provides useful information for newer treatment regimens that do not yet have long-term treatment outcomes available.
Granular Cell Myoblastoma of Trachea Associated with Pregnancy

The development of a tracheal granular cell myoblastoma during pregnancy is described. Its possible relationship to elevated levels of estrogenic hormones is discussed.
On systems of diagonal forms

In this paper we consider systems of diagonal forms with integer coefficients in which each form has a different degree. Every such system has a nontrivial zero in every p-adic field [Qp] provided that the number of variables is sufficiently large in terms of the degrees. While the number of variables required grows at least exponentially as the degrees and number of forms increase, it is known that if p is sufficiently large then only a small polynomial bound is required to ensure zeros in [Qp]. In this paper we explore the question of how small we can make the prime p and still have a polynomial bound. In particular, we show that we may allow p to be smaller than the largest of the degrees.
SU-E-T-267: Construction and Evaluation of a Neutron Wall to Shield a 15 MV Linac in a Low-Energy Vault.

Purpose: To design and quantify the shielding efficacy of an inner Borated Polyethylene (BPE)wall for a 15 MV linac in a low energy vault. Methods: A Varian TrueBeam linac with a maximum photonenergy of 15 MV was installed in asmaller, preexisting vault. This vault originally housed a low‐energy machine and did not havesufficient maze length recommended for neutron attenuation. Effective dose rate calculationswere performed using the Modified Kersey's Method as detailed in NCRP Report No. 151 andfound to be unacceptably high. An initial survey following the machine installation confirmedthese calculations. Rather than restrict the linac beam energy to 10 MV, BPE was investigatedas a neutron moderating addition. An inner wall and door were planned and constructed using4′×8′×1″ thick 5% BPE sheets. The resulting door and wall had 2″ of BPE; conduits and ductwork were also redesigned and shielded. A survey was conducted following construction of thewall. Results: The vault modification reduced the expected effective dose at the vault door from 36.23to 0.010 mSv/week. Conclusion: As specific guidelines for vault modification are lacking, this project quantitativelydemonstrates the potential use of BPE for vault modification. Such modifications may provide alow‐cost shielding solution to allow for the use of high energy modes in smaller treatment vaults.
Field ionization kinetics: Phenylhexanone

A Varian Atlas SMIB double focusing mass spectrometer has been modified for field ionization kinetics measurements. Computer programs have been written for the calculation and display of potential maps, ion trajectories, and the transformation to ion lifetimes and phenomenological rate constants. The previously studied cyclohexene system has been used to check the accuracy of our method. The fragment ions generated by phenylhexanone after field ionization have also been examined by field ionization kinetics, including cleavage and rearrangement reactions, H/D randomization and temperature effects.
Retirement Transitions, Gender, and Psychological Well-Being A Life-Course, Ecological Model

This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between retirement transitions and subsequent psychological well-being using data on 458 married men and women (aged 50-72 years) who were either still in their primary career jobs, retired, or had just made the transition to retirement over the preceding 2 years. The findings show that the relationship between retirement and psychological well-being must be viewed in a temporal, life course context. Specifically, making the transition to retirement within the last 2 years is associated with higher levels of morale for men, whereas being "continuously" retired is related to greater depressive symptoms among men. The results suggest the importance of examining various resources and contexts surrounding retirement transitions (gender, prior level of psychological well-being, spouses' circumstance, and changes in personal control, marital quality, subjective health, and income adequacy) to understand the dynamics of the retirement transition and its relationship with psychological well-being.
Over and Under‐utilization of Cyclooxygenase‐2 Selective Inhibitors by Primary Care Physicians and Specialists: The Tortoise and the Hare Revisited

OBJECTIVES: To compare prescribing trends and appropriateness of use of traditional and cyclooxygenase-2 selective (COX-2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by primary care physicians (PCPs) and specialists. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: One thousand five hundred and seventy-six adult patients continuously enrolled for at least 1 year with an independent practice association of a University-associated managed care plan who were started on a traditional NSAID or a COX-2 inhibitor from 1999 to 2002 and received at least 3 separate medication fills. MEASUREMENTS: Physician specialty was identified from office visits. Appropriateness of utilization was based on gastrointestinal risk characteristics. RESULTS: Primary care patients were younger and less likely to have comorbid conditions. Despite similar GI risk, COX-2 use among patients seen by PCPs was half that of patients seen by specialists (21% vs 44%, P<.001). While PCPs overused cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors (COX-2s) less often than specialists (19% vs 41%, P<.001), they also tended to underuse COX-2s in patients who were at increased GI risk (46% vs 32%, P=.063). This represents a 3-fold and 8-fold difference in overuse versus underuse for PCPs and specialists, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using COX-2s as a model for physician adoption of new therapeutic agents, specialists were more likely to use these new medications for patients likely to benefit but were also significantly more likely to use them for patients without a clear indication. This study demonstrates the tension between appropriate adoption of innovative therapies for those individuals who would benefit from their use and those individuals who would receive no added clinical benefit but would incur added cost and be placed at increased risk.
Growth and characterization of heavily carbon doped InGaAs lattice matched to InP by LP-MOCVD using liquid CCl 4

The growth of heavily carbon dopedp-InGaAs (~6.5xl019cm-3) lattice-matched to InP is reported. Growth is achieved by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) using all methyl metalorganic sources and liquid CC14. The impact of growth temperature and CC14 flow rates on growth rate reduction and alloy compositional change was investigated. Post-growth isothermal and isochronal annealing experiments were performed on the carbon doped InGaAs layers and a quantitative analysis of carrier activation is presented using Hall and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements. Reduced self-compensation by carbon displacement from indium to arsenic site, as well as, reduced hydrogen passivation are suggested as possible mechanisms responsible for carrier activation upon thermal annealing.
Chronic sinusitis subtypes and airway function

Abstract Background Chronic sinusitis is multifactorial which makes classification difficult. Methods 74 patient charts were reviewed for the presence of polyps, CT scan severity (4 point May Classification), clinical asthma and allergic rhinitis, COPD, nonallergic rhinitis, convincing history of aspirin sensitivity, and pulmonary function tests (% predicted). Each factor was stratified by its ability to discriminate groups based on means (± 95% C.I.) and Bonferroni corrected 2-tailed unpaired t-tests. Results Polyps were present in 33/74. Polyp and nonpolyp groups were best discriminated by FEV1/FVC (66.7% ± 4.7 vs. 80.7% ± 4.0, respectively; p=0.0002); TLC (111.1% ± 5.9 vs. 96.1 ± 8.1; p=0.006); and FEF25%-75% (52.2% ± 11.0 vs. 70.4 ± 12.2; p Conclusion 3 sets of chronic sinusitis were detected by polyps, then aspirin sensitivity status.
Magneto-absorption of donor impurities in quantum-well wires

We show calculations for far-infrared absorption of shallow-donor impurities in quantum well wires in the presence of an external magnetic field. The wave functions and the eigenvalues are obtained in the effective-mass approximation by using an extended variational approach in which the ground and excited magneto-impurity states are simultaneously obtained. We investigate the allowed intra-donor transitions for radiation circularly polarized in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. We present results for the absorption coefficient as a function of the photon energy for several field strengths and arbitrary impurity positions.
Near-IR Photoluminescence of Pr/Cu/Sn Tridoped Phosphate Glass: Nonplasmonic Material System Versus Plasmonic Nanocomposite

An optical spectroscopy study of Pr2O3, CuO, and SnO tridoped barium phosphate glass prepared by the melt-quenching technique has been carried out, emphasizing near-infrared (IR) emission properties. The material is studied in its nonplasmonic state (as synthesized) and plasmonic form (heat-treated), aiming to elucidate the effects of Cu nanoparticles. The data indicate that Cu+ ions and Sn centers are stabilized in the melt-quenched glass. Broad ultraviolet excitations of both species can lead to near-IR emission of Pr3+ ions via energy transfer. The plasmonic nanocomposite is produced upon heat treatment as Sn2+ reduces Cu+ to Cu0 atoms, ultimately precipitating as Cu nanoparticles sustaining the surface plasmon resonance. Consequently, depletion of primarily Cu+ modified the ultraviolet excitation properties for the sensitized near-IR Pr3+ emission. Further, suppression of the Pr3+ emission from near-IR emitting states 1D2 and 1G4 was observed in the Cu nanocomposite in accord with a “plasmonic diluent” role of the nanoparticles.
Exploração normal, resistência normal

From his research among Malaysian peasants, James C. Scott develops the concept of "everyday forms of resistance" which express the prosaic and constant struggle between members of the subordinate classes and those who seek to extract labor, food, taxes, rents, and interest from them. Such forms of resistance express themselves in foot dragging, dissimulation, false compliance, pilfering, feigned ignorance, slander, arson, sabotage, and so forth. Hence, the absence of more visible forms of political opposition, as rebellions or strikes, does not reflect an ideological "hegemony" and a passive acceptation of the established order by those subjected to domination. Instead, it reflects circumstances - that are rather the rule - in which an open and organized action would be too dangerous.
Classification of self dual quadratic bent functions

We classify all self dual and anti self dual quadratic bent functions in 2n variables under the action of the orthogonal group $${{O}(2n,\mathbb F_2)}$$ . This is done through a classification of all 2n × 2n involutory alternating matrices over $${\mathbb F_2}$$ under the action of the orthogonal group. The sizes of the $${{O}(2n,\mathbb F_2)}$$ -orbits of self dual and anti self dual quadratic bent functions are determined explicitly.
A Tactical Planning Model for a Job Shop

We propose and develop a discrete-time, continuous-flow model for studying the operation of a job shop that sees a stationary input mix of job types. We are not concerned with issues of detailed scheduling, but rather hope to develop a tactical planning tool for a job-shop operation. With the model, we are able to characterize the operational behavior of each work center in the job shop for a given control policy. The control rule sets the production rate at a work center as a fixed proportion of its queue level in each time period, and is consistent with the assignment of a planned lead time to each work center. For these control rules, the model gives the steady-state distribution of the production levels at each work center, as well as the distribution of queue lengths. We show how to use the model not only to evaluate a choice of the controls but also to find a good specification that results in acceptable shop behavior. An example for a factory that produces grinding machines illustrates the use of the model.
Computer-based Training: Capitalizing on Lessons Learned

Computer-based training (CBT) is a methodology for providing systematic, structured learning; a useful tool when properly designed. CBT has seen a resurgence given the serious games movement, which is at the forefront of integrating primarily entertainment computer-based games into education and training. This effort represents a multidisciplinary integration and application of lessons learned from human factors, multimedia design, as well as training effectiveness literatures. The authors suggest 10 practical considerations for CBT design and development, designed to challenge traditionally held beliefs about CBT effectiveness based on previous CBT failures of the 1960s/ 1970s. These practical considerations are critical to the continued evolution of CBT and should be considered during design and development to most effectively capitalize on the advantages that CBT can offer.
Modifying influence of dietary sugar in the relationship between cortisol and visceral adipose tissue in minority youth.

Objective Cortisol has been associated with preferential visceral adipose tissue (VAT) deposition; however, findings in humans are mixed, which may be clarified when diet is considered. Design and Methods Participants included 165 African-American and Latino, overweight adolescents (BMI% 97.2±3.2%, ages 13-18, 67% Latino, 66% female). Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdominal fat depots [VAT, subcutaneous (SAT)] by multiple-slice MRI, time-controlled serum sample to measure cortisol, and 2-day multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall. Linear regression analysis examined the cross-sectional relationship between cortisol, and the interaction of diet and cortisol on adiposity measures. Sex, race, age, and total body fat were a priori covariates. Results There was a significant interaction between cortisol and sugar (total and added) in the prediction of VAT (Pinteraction ≤ 0.05). Amongst participants with high total or added-sugar intake, cortisol was significantly associated with VAT (s = 0.031 P < 0.001; s = 0.026 P < 0.001), with no relationship in low consumers of total or added-sugar. Conclusion Dietary sugar may play an important role in modifying the relationship between cortisol and VAT, such that cortisol is significantly associated with elevated VAT under conditions of high sugar intake.
Structural transformations of probabilistic finite state machines

Probabilistic finite state machines have recently emerged as a viable tool for modelling and analysis of complex non-linear dynamical systems. This paper rigorously establishes such models as finite encodings of probability measure spaces defined over symbol strings. The well known Nerode equivalence relation is generalized in the probabilistic setting and pertinent results on existence and uniqueness of minimal representations of probabilistic finite state machines are presented. The binary operations of probabilistic synchronous composition and projective composition, which have applications in symbolic model-based supervisory control and in symbolic pattern recognition problems, are introduced. The results are elucidated with numerical examples and are validated on experimental data for statistical pattern classification in a laboratory environment.
Modal depth anomalies from multibeam bathymetry: Is there a South Pacific superswell?

A region west of the southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR), between the Marquesas and Austral Fracture Zones has previously been found to exhibit anomalous depth-age behavior, based on gridded bathymetry and single-beam soundings. Since gridded bathymetry has been shown to be unsuitable for some geophysical analysis and since the area is characterized by unusually robust volcanism, the magnitude and regional extent of depth anomalies over the young eastern flank of the so called ‘South Pacific Superswell’ are re-examined using a mode-seeking estimation procedure on data obtained from several recent multibeam surveys. The modal technique estimates a representative seafloor depth, based on the assumption that bathymetry from non-edifice and edifice-populated seafloor has a low and a high standard deviation, respectively. Flat seafloor depth values are concentrated in a few bins which correspond to the mode. This method estimates a representative seafloor value even on seafloor for which more than 90% of coverage is dominated by ridge and seamount clusters, where the mean and median estimates may be shallow by hundreds of meters. Where volcanism-related bias is moderate, the mode, mean and median estimates are close. Depth-age results indicate that there is only a small anomaly ( < 200 m) over IS-35 Ma Pacific Plate seafloor with little age-dependent shallowing, suggesting that the lithosphere east of the main hot-spot locations on the ‘superswell’ is normal. An important implication is that, in sparsely surveyed areas, depths from ETOPOJ are significantly different from true depths even at large scales (- 1000 km) and thus are unsuitable for investigations of anomalies associated with depth-age regressions. We find that seafloor slopes on conjugate profiles of the Pacific and Nazca Plates from I5 to 35 Ma are both slightly lower than normal, but are within the global range. Proximate to the SEPR, seafloor slopes are very low (218 m Myr-‘/2) on the Pacific Plate (O-22 Ma) and slightly high (- 410 m Myr- ‘I21 on the Nazca Plate (O-8 Ma); slopes for older Pacific seafloor (22-37 Ma) are near normal (399 m Myr- ‘I’) Seafloor slopes are even lower north of the Marquesas . Fracture Zone but are highly influenced by the Marquesas Swell. We find that the low subsidence rate on young Pacific seafloor cannot be explained by a local hot-spot or a small-scale convective model exclusively and a stretching/thickening model requires implausible crustal thickness variation ( - 30%).
Purpose-Centered Career Development: A Strengths-Based Approach to Finding Meaning and Purpose in Careers

Although having a sense of purpose and meaning in life has been found to play an important role in overall life and career satisfaction, this is not an area that is typically cultivated during career exploration activities. This article provides a model for aiding students in developing a sense of purpose in their career search through strengths-based practices. The authors present five key elements that reinforce the development of purpose, including identity, self-efficacy, metacognition, culture, and service. Each of these areas is used as a focal point to help identify ways for students to recognize and rely on their strengths in the development of meaningful careers. Each element is defined, relevant research is provided, and strategies for promoting each element are discussed. Additionally, the relationship between purpose-centered career development and the career standards of the ASCA National Model® is presented.
Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis.

Background Shoulder arthroplasty after native shoulder infection is an uncommon problem with limited outcomes data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rates of reinfection and clinical outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis. Methods Between 1977 and 2009, 24 shoulders underwent shoulder arthroplasty for postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis. Twenty-three were monitored for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 8.3 years) or until reoperation. Complications and clinical and radiographic results were documented at the most recent follow-up. Results Of the 23 shoulders, 23 had no pain or mild or moderate pain after vigorous activity. Pain scores improved from 4.5 to 2.1 points after shoulder arthroplasty ( P P P Conclusions Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of the sequelae of an infected shoulder can be performed with a low risk of reinfection. The higher-than-expected rate of clinical or radiographic loosening remains concerning for culture negative infection. Although overall pain and motion can be expected to improve, unsatisfactory clinical results are not uncommon and may be secondary to the initial insult of infection.
Soil Conductivity as a Measure of Soil and Crop Status—A Four-Year Summary

Animal manure can be an important resource providing soil available N for plant needs, but determining the nutrient availability resulting from such amendments is difficult. A study was conducted to examine changes in electromagnetic induction (EMI) soil conductivity and available N levels during four growing seasons in relation to manure or compost application and use of a green winter cover crop. With simultaneous soil samples, a series of soil conductivity maps of a research cornfield were generated using a global positioning system (GPS) and EMI methods. The Clay Center, NE, site was treated during a 10-yr period with a winter wheat (Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop (1CC) and no-cover crop (2CC). The site was split for subtreatments of manure and compost at rates matching either the P or the N requirements of silage corn (Zea mays L.). Differences between the 1CC and 2CC treatments for values of NO3–N and water-filled pore space (WFPS), as estimated by apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), were compared for each year. Differences in profile weighted soil conductivity explained 79.5, 98.0, 93.4, and 98.4% of the variability due to NO3–N differences, and only 20.5, 2.0, 6.6, and 1.6% of the variability due to WFPS differences for years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Sequential measurement of profile-weighted soil electrical conductivity (ECa) was effective in identifying the dynamic changes in plant-available soil N, as affected by animal manure and anhydrous ammonia fertilizer treatments during four corn growing seasons.
OASiS: a service-oriented architecture for ambient-aware sensor networks

Heterogeneous sensor networks are comprised of ensembles of small, smart, and cheap sensing and computing devices that permeate the environment, as well as resource intensive sensors such as satellite imaging systems, meteorological stations, and security cameras. Emergency response, homeland security, and many other applications have a very real need to interconnect these diverse networks and access information in real-time. Web service technologies provide well-developed mechanisms for exchanging data between heterogeneous computing devices, but they cannot be used in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks. This paper presents OASiS, a lightweight service-oriented architecture for sensor networks, which provides dynamic service discovery and can be used to develop ambient-aware applications that adapt to changes in the network and the environment. An important advantage of OASiS is that it allows seamless integration with Web services. We have developed a middleware implementation that supports OASiS, and a simple tracking application to illustrate the approach. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a service-oriented architecture for wireless sensor networks.
Nitroreduction of Environmental Nitrofluorenes by Enzymes and Rat Mammary Gland In Vitro

Abstract Nitrofluorene (NF) compounds, widespread pollutants and potent mutagens, are tumorigenic for rat mammary gland suggesting a link to breast cancer. Reduction of nitrofluorenes, which may lead to their activation, was catalyzed by xanthine oxidase and ascorbate, catalysts of one electron nitroreduction, by diaphorase, a catalyst of two electron nitroreduction, and by cytosol and microsomes of rat mammary gland. Regardless of the catalyst, the rates of reduction, monitored via reduction of acetylated cytochrome c, O2 uptake and amine formation, were enhanced by oxidation at C-9 (9-oxo-2,7-diNF>2,7-diNF and 9-oxo-2-NF> 9-OH-2-NF> 2-NF) and number of nitro groups (9-oxo-2,4,7-triNF>>9-oxo-2,7-diNF>9-oxo-2-NF and 2,7- and 2,5-diNF> 2-NF). Nitroreduction in vivo may lead to DNA adducts of the reduced nitrofluorenes and/or DNA damage from the reactive oxygen species, and consequently, mammary gland tumorigenesis.
HANDBOOK OF ACUTE PAIN MANAGEMENT

Pain is the most frequent reason for physician consultation. Despite the advances in medicine and training, pain still remains undertreated in vast number of patients. Pain is an unpleasant sensory...
MYO1, a novel, unconventional myosin gene affects endocytosis and macronuclear elongation in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Abstract Targeted gene disruption was used to investigate the function of MYO1, an unconventional myosin gene in Tetrahymena thermophila. Phenotypic analysis of a transformed strain that lacked a functional MYO1 gene was conducted at both 20 °C and 35 °C. At either temperature the Δ MYO1 strain had a smaller cytoplasm/nucleus ratio than wild type. At 20 °C, Δ MYO1 populations had a longer doubling time than wild type, lower saturation density, and a reduced rate of food vacuole formation. However, at 35 °C, these characteristics were comparable to wild type. Although micronuclear division and cytokinesis appeared normal in Δ MYO1 cells, failure of the macronucleus to elongate properly resulted in unequal segregation of macronuclear DNA in cells maintained at either 20 °C or 35 °C.
Meeting Highlights Highlights of the 20th Congress of the European Society of Cardiology

The following studies were presented at the 22nd Congress of the European Society of Cardiology in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, August 26 to 30, 2000. ### GUSTO IV ACS (Global Use of Strategies To Open Occluded arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes) Presenter : Maarten Simoons, MD, Thoraxcentrum, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands The study : A multicenter, randomized trial of adjunctive abciximab (a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist) in patients with acute coronary syndromes in whom an invasive/interventional strategy was not planned. A total of 7800 patients with a history of at least 5 minutes of chest pain at rest and either a positive troponin test or at least 0.5 mm ST-segment depression were treated with aspirin and heparin (or the low-molecular-weight heparin dalteparin in a predefined subset of patients in Scandinavia, Switzerland, and some US centers) and were randomized to receive placebo, a bolus and 24-hour infusion of abciximab, or a bolus and 48-hour infusion of abciximab. The primary end point of the study was the composite incidence of death or myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days. The results : As per the prespecified protocol, only 1.4% of patients were referred for urgent revascularization in the first 48 hours after randomization. At 30 days, the incidence of death (placebo, 3.9%; 24-hour abciximab, 3.4%; and 48-hour abciximab, 4.2%), or death/MI (placebo, 8.0%; 24-hour abciximab, 8.2%; and 48-hour abciximab, 9.1%) were not significantly improved in either of the abciximab groups. Troponin status and the presence of documented ST-segment changes were predictors of worse outcomes, but did not identify a group of patients who prospectively benefited from abciximab. In the Scandinavian low-molecular-weight heparin subset, dalteparin provided an adequate alternative to unfractionated heparin, but it did not seem to convey significant incremental benefit. Summary : In patients with acute coronary syndromes who are not going forward to percutaneous coronary intervention, a 24- or 48-hour infusion of abciximab provided no incremental clinical benefit, …
Urinary proteome analysis in patients with stable SFU grade 4 ureteropelvic junction obstruction differs from normal.

Objective To evaluate and analyze the urinary proteome in infants with stable grade 4 ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and compare to age-matched normal controls. Methods Bladder urine specimens were obtained from 21 healthy infants with normal maternal/fetal ultrasound and 25 infants with grade 4 unilateral UPJO. All patients had >40% ipsilateral individual kidney function by renal scanning and the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the hydronephrotic kidney ranged from 1.6-3.9 cms at presentation. Over a 5-year follow-up period, the disease progressed in 7 infants (28%), resolved in 4 (16%), and remains stable in the majority (56%). The urinary specimens were prepared using standard methods and subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis. The normalized data were annotated utilizing the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA; www.Ingenuity.com) knowledge platform. Results In the stable UPJO group, the urinary proteomes obtained in infancy differed significantly from the age-matched controls. Analysis revealed important differences in a number of biologic functions including inflammation, apoptosis, tubular injury and fibrosis, and reactive oxygen species response. Conclusion The urinary proteomes from the bladder in patients with stable grade 4 UPJO (by imaging criteria) are significantly different at birth and during the first year of life and seem to indicate the presence of an ongoing active renal response to UPJO. The imminent discovery of surrogate urinary biomarkers may result in reconsideration of the watchful waiting strategy during this critical period of renal maturation and development in infancy.
Revision of the Fully technique for estimating statures.

The ''anatomical'' method of Fully ((1956) Ann. Legale Med. 35:266-273) for reconstructing stature, involving the addition of skeletal elements from the calca- neus to the skull, has been increasingly used in anthropo- logical and forensic contexts, but has undergone little sys- tematic testing on samples other than the original sample used to develop the technique. The original description by Fully of the method also does not provide completely explicit directions for taking all of the necessary measure- ments. This study tested the accuracy and applicability of his method, and clarified measurement procedures. The study sample consisted of 119 adult black and white males and females of known cadaveric statures from the Terry Collection. Cadaveric statures were adjusted to living statures, following the recommendations of Trotter and Gleser ((1952) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 10:469-514). We obtained the best results using maximum vertebral body heights (anterior to the pedicles) and measurement of the articulated talus and calcaneus height in anatomi- cal position. Statures derived using the original Fully technique are strongly correlated with living statures in our sample (r ¼ 0.96), but underestimate living stat- ure by an average of about 2.4 cm. Anatomical consider- ations also suggest that the correction factors applied by Fully to convert summed skeletal height to living stature are too small. New formulae are derived to cal- culate living stature from skeletal height. There is no effect of sex or ancestry on stature prediction. Resulting stature estimates are accurate to within 4.5 cm in 95% of the individuals in our sample, with no direc- tional bias. Am J Phys Anthropol 130:374-384, 2006.
High performance signal-modeling by pencil-of-functions method: Band-pass case

We discuss an extension of the pencil-of-functions method, namely, the use of band-pass processing filters, and show that this leads to considerably enhanced modeling of band-pass signals. The theory of such processing is presented and an example is given which demonstrates the efficacy of the technique at moderate to high levels of data noise.
Moving Precisely? Or Taking the Path of Least Resistance?

Madam President, honored guests, and colleagues, I am indeed honored to be selected for this award. Being included with all of the notable people who have given this lecture is truly humbling. Unfortunately, the excitement of being selected was quickly replaced with feelings of concern when I read the guidelines for this lecture and realized that I was expected to talk about my contributions to physical therapy. I wondered how I could do that for 45 minutes without being either boring or terribly creative. So I quickly consulted with a colleague for whom I have great respect, Florence Kendall, the 1980 McMillan Lecturer. She said, “That is ridiculous, you cannot talk about yourself.”…
Who cooked the books

Mulford, Charles W., and Eugene Comiskey. 2002. The Financial Numbers Game; Detecting Creative Accounting Practices (New York: John Wiley & Sons) Albrecht, W. Steve. 2003. Fraud Examination (Mason, Ohio: South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning)
Criteria instability and the isolated option effect

In two-stage choices, decision makers often compare a new (isolated) option with the winner from the first stage. Previous research has identified a choice advantage for an isolated option, ostensibly due to loss aversion. We propose an alternative mechanism suggesting that instability of the criteria used in each choice stage is the main driver of the isolated option effect. Results from a series of experiments support the criteria instability account and not loss aversion as the explanation for the isolated option effect.
Functionalized SWNT/polymer nanocomposites for dramatic property improvement

In this paper, we present results for polymer nanocomposites of poly- (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and amide-functionalized SWNTs. The results demonstrate that even at very low loadings, 1 wt % (0.5 vol %), the mechanical and electrical properties are significantly improved. The improvement over PMMA properties exceeds the theoretical bounds for composites with the same volume fraction loading of randomly oriented, straight, individually dispersed nanotubes. The modeling and experimental results thus suggest that the nanotube bundles are well dispersed in the polymer matrix, that the functionalization significantly improves interaction with polymer, and that the interphase formed has improved mechanical properties over that of the matrix material. Loss modulus results indicate a significant difference between functionalized and nonfunctionalized tubes in the composite. Functionalized tubes result in a composite in which relaxation mechanisms are shifted by 30 °C from that of the matrix material, indicating extensive interphase regions and absence of PMMA with bulk properties. Unfunctionalized composites demonstrate a broadening of relaxation modes, but still retain the signature of bulk PMMA properties. These data suggest a morphological difference with a discrete interphase layer in unfunctionalized composites and a fully transformed matrix in the case of functionalization. This difference is consistent with electrical and mechanical property data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2269–2279, 2005
ION IMPLANTATION DAMAGE IN SILICON

This chapter describes aspects of ion implantation damage which are important for Si process technology. Primary damage consists of atomic displacements and amorphization of Si (except for B implantation). Annealing restores crystallinity and induces electrical activation of implanted dopant ions. It can also cause the formation of residual defects with well defined crystallographic nature. During prolonged annealing, these defects change their sizes and configurations. Their role in device processing will be discussed.
Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future (Mileto, Vegas, Garcia, and Cristini, eds.)

This work is a book review considering the title Vernacular Architecture: Towards a Sustainable Future edited by C. Mileto, F. Vegas, L. Garcia, and V. Cristini
An optimized convolution/superposition based algorithm for dose calculation with photon beams

In clinical treatment planning for radiation therapy, the goal is to accurately compute the dose for a given treatment geometry, thus accounting correctly for the patient contour and the inhomogeneities in the treatment volume. Convolution/Superposition based algorithms have emerged as the most accurate methods, besides Monte Carlo, to accomplish that goal for photon beams. By means of a density scaling of the dose deposition kernels and by performing the ray-tracing in radiological space (g/cm2), superposition algorithms can accurately describe the effects of inhomogeneities for regions of atomic number similar to that of water. We have extended the method, to include the effects for higher atomic number (Z>8) inhomogeneities that can be encountered in clinical situations.
Noninvasive Staging of Kidney Dysfunction Enabled by Renal-Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles

As a "silent killer", kidney disease is often hardly detected at an early stage but can cause lethal kidney failure later on. Thus, a preclinical imaging technique that can readily differentiate between the stages of kidney dysfunction is highly desired for improving our fundamental understanding of kidney disease progression. Herein, we report that in vivo fluorescence imaging, enabled by renal-clearable near-infrared-emitting gold nanoparticles, can noninvasively detect kidney dysfunction, report on the dysfunctional stages, and even reveal adaptive function in a mouse model of unilateral obstructive nephropathy, which cannot be diagnosed with routine kidney function markers. These results demonstrate that low-cost fluorescence kidney functional imaging is highly sensitive and useful for the longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of kidney dysfunction progression in preclinical research.