cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of steroids in secretion—modulating effect of triamcinolone and estradiol on protein synthesis and secretion from the rat exocrine pancreas

Following adrenalectomy of male rats, or adrenalectomy and ovariectomy of females, there was marked depletion of zymogen granules in acinar cells of the pancreas. Within 9 h after treatment with either triamcinolone or 17 beta-estradiol, complete restoration of these secretory vesicles was observed. This repletion was not inhibited by actinomycin-D. Supernatant fractions (100,000 g, 60 min) of rat pancreas, from both normal and surgically altered animals, contained proteins that bound [3H]-triamcinolone and [3H]-estradiol, suggesting that the action of these hormones is exerted directly on the pancreas. Binding of both steroid hormones required the presence of an additional coligand referred to as accessory factor. In addition, the binding proteins for [3H]-triamcinolone and [3H]-estradiol eluted in similar positions after Sephadex G-200 and CM Affi-gel Blue chromatography. It is uncertain, however, whether a single protein binds both steroid hormones since they had different binding isotherms. Scatchard analysis of binding of [3H]-estradiol yielded a single straight line of negative slope from which it was calculated that there were about 4.4 pmol of binding sites per mg protein, having an average apparent Kd of about 5 X 10(-8) M. Similar analysis of the data for [3H]-triamcinolone yielded a straight line of zero slope indicating nonsaturable binding of hormone at concentrations as high as 10 microM. Since both [14C]-L-leucine incorporation into protein and amylase secretion were affected markedly by the steroid-hormonal status of the animal, it is presumed that steroid-bound complexes in acinar cells of the pancreas modulate synthesis and secretion of protein.
Exogenous hyaluronidase induces release of nitric oxide from the coronary endothelium

Abstract Objective: Hyaluronidase, an endogenous enzyme that hydrolyzes mucopolysaccharides, has been shown to enhance myocardial protection when added to preservation solutions. In addition, hyaluronidase infusion reduces injury to ischemic myocardium. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide is an endogenous vasodilator that prevents leukocyte adhesion to the intima and inhibits platelet adhesion and aggregation in the coronary artery. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether the protective action of hyaluronidase could be mediated by the endogenous release of nitric oxide. Methods: Segments of coronary artery, with and without endothelium, were placed in organ chambers (25 mL) to measure isometric force. Blood vessel segments were contracted with prostaglandin F 2 α (2 × 10 –6 mol/L) and exposed to hyaluronidase (3-15 units). Results: Hyaluronidase induced vasodilation of arteries with intact endothelium but not of arteries without endothelium (n = 6, P G -monomethyl-L -arginine (10 –5 mol/L), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis from L -arginine (n = 6, P G -monomethyl-L -arginine was reversed by L -arginine (10 –4 mol/L) but not D -arginine (10 –4 mol/L; n=6, each group). Vasodilation to hyaluronidase also was inhibited by hemoglobin (2 × 10 –6 mol/L), a scavenger of the nitric oxide radical (n = 6, P Conclusions: Hyaluronidase induces the release of nitric oxide from the coronary endothelium. Because nitric oxide, an endogenous vasodilator, inhibits leukocyte adhesion to the intima in addition to inhibiting platelet adhesion and aggregation, stimulated production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide by exogenous hyaluronidase could be the mechanism of the protective action of hyaluronidase infusion. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:707-11)
A descriptive analysis of 290 liver transplant patient visits to an emergency department.

. Objective: To provide a descriptive analysis of emergency department (ED) presentations and management of orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of OLT patients presenting to the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) ED during 1995. The sole inclusion criterion was receiving an OLT within three years prior to the ED visit. Data describing chief complaint(s), history of present illness, physical findings, laboratory results, imaging studies, and final diagnoses were collected. Results: One hundred forty-three patients accounted for a total of 290 ED visits. The patients had a mean age of 37 years (range 3 months to 74 years) and presented at mean post-OLT duration of 9 months (range 2 weeks to 34 months). There were 660 presenting complaints, of which abdominal (39%), fever (17%), respiratory (13%), and neurologic (11%) symptoms were the most common. There were 478 final diagnoses, of which abdominal (27%), infectious (24%), and metabolic (11%) disorders were the most common. Eightyfour percent of ED visits resulted in extensive diagnostic testing and 69% resulted in hospitalization. Conclusions: Serious illnesses with nonspecific presentations were frequently encountered in this study population. These factors resulted in a majority of the patients' undergoing extensive diagnostic evaluations and being hospitalized.
Plasma HVA levels in depressed patients and controls

Plasma levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) were examined in depressed patients and controls. There were no significant differences between the groups. In particular, there were no significant differences for plasma HVA levels between depressed patients with and without melancholia or between depressed patients who were cortisol nonsuppressors or suppressors.
Entering the mind through the mouth

In this love story about a cat with a boy's mind and a mouse with a girl's mind, the characters try to escape from a wicked tamer who wants to make a mutant of a cat.
The Solution of Problems in Second Order Elasticity Theory

The strain-energy function for an ideal isotropic elastic material which can be subjected to finite deformations may be expressed, in general, in terms of three independent scalar invariants of the strain. If the material is incompressible, then the strain-energy function may be considered to be a function of only two invariants of the strain. This fact, together with the constancy of volume of each element imposed by the incompressibility of the material, makes possible the solution of a number of problems concerning the deformation of highly-elastic incompressible bodies without further assumptions regarding the form of the strain-energy function.
Impurity bound states and symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in Sr 2 RuO 4

Recent experiments on ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ have indicated the presence of linear nodes in the superconducting order parameter. Among the possible spin triplet states, two-dimensional (2D) p-wave superconductivity with ${E}_{u}$ symmetry appears to be inconsistent with the experiments, whereas the 2D f-wave order parameter with ${B}_{1g}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{E}_{u}$ symmetry turns out to be a more likely candidate. Here it is shown how the quasiparticle bound-state wave functions around a single impurity provide a clear signature of the symmetry of the underlying superconducting order parameter.
Improved nearside gravity field of the Moon by localizing the power law constraint

[1] The problem associated with the large data gap on the farside of the Moon is addressed for constructing a high-resolution global gravity model. By localizing the power law constraint and making it effective only within the farside and limb regions, we mitigate the undesired power-limiting effect on the nearside. Compared to the solution estimated from Lunar Prospector and other satellite tracking data with the globally-applied power law, the locally-constrained solution shows significant improvement of the nearside gravity estimates. Around the areas dominated by craters in the southern hemisphere of the nearside, the correlation with topography approaches nearly 0.95 and the admittance converges to 100–110 mGal/km up to spherical harmonic degree 130, while the globally-constrained solutions distort starting at degree 90. The proposed analysis can benefit the science and operation of other existing and future planetary missions and enhance the geophysical interpretation of the gravity field.
Calculating ROI for training in the lodging industry: where is the bottom line?

Abstract The challenge of measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of training has long been a hurdle for human resource and training professionals in the lodging industry. The reporting of a department's financial performance is a basic expectation of leaders responsible for their share of operational goals of a property. The management of revenue, yield, assets, and total quality are all part of the mix; however, for many leaders in human resource and training experts in the lodging industry, justification for expenditures and financial performance expectations are rarely requested.
The inverse resonance problem for left-definite Sturm–Liouville operators

Abstract We address inverse spectral and scattering problems for the half-line, left-definite Sturm–Liouville equation, − u ″ + q u = λ w u . These problems have been considered recently as they are critical in integrating the Camassa–Holm equation. Previous results required that the support of w be free of gaps, relatively open intervals on which w = 0 almost everywhere. We relax this condition and prove an inverse spectral theorem that tells to what extent the Weyl–Titchmarsh m-function or the spectral measure determines the coefficients of the equation. Note that, unlike the Schrodinger equation, knowing the spectral measure is not the same as knowing the m-function. We also prove an inverse resonance theorem that explains to what extent the eigenvalues and resonances determine the spectral measure (and, thus, the coefficients). Again, unlike the Schrodinger case, these data are not sufficient; the presence of w multiplying the spectral parameter complicates the analysis. However, we show that, in most cases, only one other number is needed to fully recover the spectral measure.
Startup and Operation at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant (Includes March 22, 1975, Cable Tray Fire)

This paper addresses itself to significant events experienced during startup and operation of the three unit Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant located near Athens, Alabama. It consists of two major parts: (1) Resolution of significant equipment problems, and (2) Description of the March 22, 1975, cable tray fire. Identification of principal problems and their solutions should help prevent similar obstacles and related costly delays at other nuclear stations.
Experimental Investigation of Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Wave-Piercing Tumblehome Hull Form

A systematic series of calm-water forced roll model tests were performed over a range of forward speeds using an advanced tumblehome hull form (DTMB model #5613-1) to examine the mechanisms of roll damping. This experimental investigation is part of an ongoing effort to advance the capability to assess seakeeping, maneuvering, and dynamic stability characteristics of an advanced surface combatant. The experiment was performed to provide data for development and validation of a semi-empirical roll damping model for use in validation of ship motion and viscous flow simulation codes, as well as to provide a basis for future work with additional experiments, contributing to the development of an improved analytical roll damping model. Two hull configurations were tested: barehull with skeg, and bare hull with skeg and bilge keels. Measurements of forces and moments were obtained over a range of forward speeds, roll frequencies, and roll amplitudes. Stereo particle-image velocimetry (SPIV) measurments were also taken for both zero and forward speeds. Test data was used to calculate added mass/inertia and damping coefficients. Two different system modeling techniques were used. The first method modeled the system as an equivalent linearly-damped second-order harmonic oscillator with the time-varying total stiffness coefficient considered linear. The second technique used equivalent linear damping, including higher-order Fourier components, and a non-linear stiffness formulation. Results are shown, including plots of added inertia and damping coefficients as functions of roll frequency, roll amplitude, and forward speed and SPIV measurements. Trends from the experimental data are compared to results from traditional component roll damping formulations for conventional hull from geometries and differences are discussed.
Feasibility of KTa1-xNbxO3 as a dielectric or pyroelectric microcalorimeter

We are developing a dielectric microcalorimeter for X-ray spectroscopy. We will present the results of our measurement of the dielectric permittivity, the spontaneous polarization, and the pyroelectric coefficient of the mixed-crystal quantum ferroelectric KTa(1-x)Nb(x)O3 with a doping of x = 0.012, as a function of temperature and bias voltage across the device. The effects of surface layers on the permittivity and the pyroelectric coefficient are discussed. We also show the signal results from infrared LED and alpha-particle radiation.
Drug‐induced modifications of the immune response part 94‐(Arylamino)‐2,5‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐N‐(trans‐2‐phenylcycolopropyl)furan‐3‐carboxamides as Novel Antiallergic Compounds

The synthesis and antiallergic activity of a series of 4-(arylamino)-2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-N-(trans-2-phenyl-cyclopropyl)furan-3-carboxamides 10 are described. Treatment of N-substituted 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-4-oxofuran-3-carboxylic acids 9 with chlorooxobis(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)phosphorus (2) and an appropriate aromatic amine in the presence of Et3N, resulted in a novel 3(2H)-furanone-2(5H)-furanone rearrangement that led to the facile preparation of the new amides 10. The latter exerted a potent antiallergic activity when tested in the dermal vascular permeability and active anaphylaxis assays in rats. The most active compound 10b inhibited the action of serotonin, histamine, and bradykinin by 94, 92, and 100%, respectively, when administered intraperitoneally to rats at doses of 100 mg/kg. The present series of 10 represents a novel class of antiallergic agents.
Approximation Bias in Linearized Euler Equations

A wide range of empirical applications rely on linear approximations to dynamic Euler equations. Among the most notable of these is the large and growing literature on precautionary saving that examines how consumption growth and saving behavior are affected by uncertainty and prudence. Linear approximations to Euler equations imply a linear relationship between expected consumption growth and uncertainty in consumption growth, with a slope coefficient that is a function of the coefficient of relative prudence. This literature has produced puzzling results: Estimates of the coefficient of relative prudence (and the coefficient of relative risk aversion) from regressions of consumption growth on uncertainty in consumption growth imply estimates of prudence and risk aversion that are unrealistically low. Using numerical solutions to a fairly standard intertemporal optimization problem, our results show that the actual relationship between expected consumption growth and uncertainty in consumption growth differs substantially from the relationship implied by a linear approximation. We also present Monte Carlo evidence that shows that the instrumental variables methods commonly used to estimate the parameters correct some, but not all, of the approximation bias.
3D Seismic Visualization of Shelf-margin to Slope Channels Using Curvature Attributes

Fluvio-deltaic systems have long been an exploration target, but in the shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, preceded the introduction of high-quality 3D seismic and modern 3D geometric attributes. Given the abundance of seismic data, well control, and basin understanding of the depositional history, the Gulf of Mexico provides an excellent natural laboratory to calibrate interpretational tools and workflows that can be applied to other less well-understood basins. To this end we compute a full suite of attributes over modern survey acquired over a salt-controlled minibasin in the Gulf of Mexico to better illuminate channel systems. We found the most-curvature and the valley-shape attributes were particularly effective in delineating continuous channels extending to the edge of the shelf. Other attributes including amplitude, coherence and amplitude gradients indicate the presence of gas-charge, pockmarks, and debris flows. Most-positive curvature best delineates the shelf edge. Together these attributes allow us to interpret subtle channel features in the appropriate structural and depositional framework.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreas: a retrospective study of 1000 cases

Introduction Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has emerged as a superior method for the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors. Very few large studies have been published. We retrospectively examined 1000 cases to determine the sensitivity and specificity of EUS-guided FNA for solid and cystic lesions. Materials and methods EUS-guided FNA was performed in 1000 patients. Air-dried aspirates were reviewed immediately to ensure adequacy, and ethanol-fixed aspirates were reviewed the following day. The rendered diagnoses were placed into various categories and compared to subsequent histologic and clinical follow-up data. Results Of the 1000 cases, 579 were solid lesions. The FNA diagnoses of the solid lesions were benign (B) 229 (39.5%), atypia (A) 22 (3.8%), suspicious (S) 27 (4.7%), malignant (M) 260 (44.9%), tumor (T) 1 (0.2%), and nondiagnostic (ND) 40 (6.9%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for solid lesions were 97%, 97%, 99%, and 94%, respectively. There were 421 cystic lesions. The FNAs of the cystic lesions were classified as follows: B 342 (81.2%), A 5 (1.2%), S 4 (1%), M 7 (1.7%), T 46 (10.9%), and ND 17 (4.0%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value to identify mucinous tumors and malignancy for cystic lesions were 46%, 98%, 94%, and 87%, respectively. Conclusions At our institution, EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic lesions is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of both primary and metastatic tumors. For cystic lesions, FNA is not as sensitive, but its specificity remains high.
Comamonas (Pseudomonas) testosteroni endocarditis

Abstract Comamonas testosteroni has rarely been implicated as a human pathogen. We report a case of infectious endocarditis due to this organism, occurring in a 49-year-old man. The posterior leaflet of the mitral valve contained a 1×1 cm vegetation and showed myxoid degeneration and acute inflammation. The patient had no evidence of reinfection after 32 months. The infection was almost certainly community acquired, as is usually true for this organism.
Recent progress in the study of G protein-coupled receptors with molecular dynamics computer simulations.

Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large, biomedically important family of proteins, and the recent explosion of new high-resolution structural information about them has provided an enormous opportunity for computational modeling to make major contributions. In particular, molecular dynamics simulations have become a driving factor in many areas of GPCR biophysics, improving our understanding of lipid–protein interaction, activation mechanisms, and internal hydration. Given that computers will continue to get faster and more structures will be solved, the importance of computational methods will only continue to grow, particularly as simulation research is more closely coupled to experiment.
Charcoal Production from Agricultural Burning in Central Panama and its Deposition in the Sediments of the Gulf of Panama

Widespread agricultural burning during the dry season in the Pacific watershed of Panama is an important ecological phenomenon. During that time over 10% of the land surface (woodlands and savannas) is burned annually, with the resulting production of large amounts of charcoal. The major portion of the charcoal remains on land, but 5% is mobilized by river runoff and winds to the sediments of the Gulf of Panama.The aeolian transport of particulate charcoal by the north-easterly Trade Winds has been monitored by dry-deposition and aerosol paniculate collectors. During the burning-season, atmospheric charcoal concentrations in rural Panama can be similar to urban concentrations in North America or Europe. More than 60% of the charcoal aerosol mass was carried as fine particles (< 2 urn diameter), suggesting that long-range transport is possible.Dry-deposition fluxes, which are positively correlated with the areal extent of land that is burned, are more than an order of magnitude less than the charcoal fluxes to the uppermost near-shore sedimentary deposits in the Gulf of Panama. This implies that aeolian transport is not the principal mechanism of charcoal mobilization to these sediments. The extremely high runoff per unit area in the Gulf of Panama watershed is probably responsible for the predominance of continental runoff as the charcoal transport mechanism in the region.Being relatively indestructible, charcoal can also be used as a tracer for past burning activities. Sediment box-cores have been recovered from the Gulf of Panama, and Pb-210 geochronologies were utilized to determine sedimentation rates. The charcoal particles were isolated by chemical methods and their fluxes, size-distributions, and morphologies, were analysed. The relative uniformity of these measurements in the marine sediment geochronologies indicates stability of burning patterns in central Panama during the last two centuries.
External and Regional Shocks in the GCC Region: Implications for a Common Exchange Rate Regime

Using a structural cointegrated VAR, this study examines the impacts of external shocks originating from the dollar, euro and yen zones as well as the regional shocks on the oilrich countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), viewed as a prospective monetary union. It focuses on the implications of shock impacts for selecting an apposite common exchange rate regime. The SVECM variance decomposition and impulse response analyses strongly underscore the relative impacts of the two external shocks over the regional ones. The findings imply that the world’s three major currencies should figure highly in the GCC’s common basket of currencies. Accordingly, a transitional movement to a more flexible exchange rate may be desirable for these trade-dependent economies in the long run, as argued in the optimal currency literature for developing countries.
Participation in Wildlife Watching: A Multiple Hierarchy Stratification Perspective

Using data from the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, we tested the utility of the multiple hierarchy stratification perspective (MHSP) on predicting Americans' participation in wildlife watching close to home and away from home. The results showed that race/ethnicity was the best predictor of wildlife watching activities. Elderly White females who live in rural areas and have college degrees and high household incomes had the highest rates of participation in wildlife watching close to home. In contrast, young White males who live in rural areas and possess college degrees and high household incomes had the highest participation rates in wildlife watching away from home. Overall, results suggested that the MHSP was more effective in explaining Americans' participation in wildlife watching away from home than it was for wildlife watching close to home. Implications for future research and recreation resource management are discussed.
A 40-GHz Flip-Flop-Based Frequency Divider

This brief presents the design and implementation of a 40-GHz flip-flop-based frequency divider which incorporates a novel latch topology with two distinct tail current sources and an enabled cross-coupled pair during the tracking mode. The proposed topology will speed up the latch operation and increase the driving capability. It is capable of performing frequency division at 40 GHz without shunt or series peaking inductors. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.18-mum SiGe BiCMOS process, where only CMOS transistors were used. It draws an average current of 5 mA from a 1.8-V supply voltage
A comparative examination of rearing parameters and layer production performance for brown egg-type pullets grown for either free-range or cage production

SUMMARY Within the last 10 yr, the US egg industry has grown significantly in the use of alternative systems of cage-free and free-range egg production to satisfy consumer demands. Despite the increasing popularity among consumers of alternative management methods, very few studies have been conducted in the United States with the objective of comparing rearing parameters and production performance in alternative systems with those of conventional caged housing. Present knowledge regarding pullet growth records and how alternative production methods influence egg productivity and egg quality is severely limited or is based on research conducted in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Thus, it is imperative that pullet-rearing parameters of current strains, as well as their egg production performance, be assessed in alternative management systems, such as a free-range environment, and that they be compared with those of birds in a traditional caged environment. On the basis of the egg production performance measured in this study, caged hens had better overall egg production and quality characteristics compared with free-range hens, including improved FCR, daily egg masses, production of hen-housed and hen-day eggs, and production of grade A eggs; greater Haugh unit ratings; and decreased mortality rates.
Mobile Banking Adoption in the United States: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Mobile banking penetration has been relatively low even though smartphones are the most dominant forms of mobile computing in the United States. This quantitative correlational study is focused on how consumers 'perceptions affect their intention to use mobile banking in the United States. Among U.S. consumers with smartphones, Internet access, and a bank account; 68% used Internet, 33% used telephone-based banking, and only 21% engaged in some type of mobile banking activities in 2011. The web-based survey used in this study was derived from the technology acceptance model extended by the innovation diffusion theory. Data were collected by e-mail from a random sample of 398 people in the United States. The structural equation modeling SEM technique was used to analyze data. The results indicated that, perceived compatibility, credibility, and costs were the significant predictors of mobile banking adoption in the United States.
Tidal creek and salt marsh sediments in South Carolina coastal estuaries: I. Distribution of trace metals.

Twenty-eight tidal creeks were sampled along the South Carolina coast in the summer of 1995 to determine the levels of sediment trace metal contamination associated with different types and varying levels of human development in their watersheds. The particle size and total organic carbon (TOC) content of creek sediments in developed watersheds (i.e., industrial, urban, and suburban) were similar to that in watersheds with little or no development (i.e., forested or reference). Those trace metals commonly associated with urban and industrial sources, including Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg, were in significantly higher concentrations in tidal creeks located in industrial/urban watersheds compared to the suburban and forested watersheds. Sediment trace metal concentrations were similar for creeks located in suburban and forested watersheds and 2 to 10 times lower than the creeks located in industrial/urban watersheds. Concentrations of trace metals primarily associated with the natural weathering of basement rock, including Al, Fe, As, Ni, and Mn, were not significantly different among watershed types. Four of the tidal creek–salt marsh systems were extensively sampled from the creek channel to the marsh-upland interface to characterize sediment trace metal spatial distributions within creek-marsh systems. Sediment particle size, TOC, and trace metal concentrations varied spatially within each creek-marsh system depending on the type of development in the watershed and the probable source of metals. The creek-marsh system selected to represent the industrial development had significantly higher “anthropogenic” trace metal concentrations compared to the other creek-marsh systems. This system also had trace metal distributional patterns that appeared to be associated with several localized sources of metals on the marsh surface. Both the “anthropogenic” and “natural” trace metal concentrations andspatial distributions were similar among and within the forested and suburban creek-marsh systems.
Fabrication and characterization of electrokinetic micro pumps

Electrokinetic (EK) micropumps have been fabricated and demonstrated in which electroosmotic flow is used to transport fluids. Deionized water and pure acetonitrile have been used as working fluids to achieve low current density pumping conditions. These EK pumps have no moving parts and can generate maximum pressures of more than 20 atm at 2 kV applied voltage. Minimizing and controlling electrolytic gas generation is a major concern. Gas generated at the downstream electrode surfaces appears to be forced to dissolve into surrounding fluid at high pressure (>7 atm) condition, and this permits a stable pump operation. Measurements of flow rate have been used to estimate pump structure parameters.
An Experimental Study of Propagated Electrical Activity in the Canine Heart

The closest analog to propagated excitation of the heart is an electromotive surface. The width of the cardiac electromotive surface was 0.9 ± 0.1 mm and was remarkably constant. The mean epicardial surface component of voltage across the electromotive surface was 62.4 ± 7.2 mv with the chest closed and 74.1 ± 8.3 mv with the chest open. This 18.7% increase is significant (P < .001) and suggests a shunting effect of the lungs and thorax. Fortuitous measurement of voltage across the electromotive surface yielded nine values in excess of 80 mv and two above 90 mv, suggesting that the true voltage across the electromotive surface is of about the same magnitude as the transmembrane action potential. Cross-fiber activation resulted in a 29.5% reduction in voltage, a 51.8% reduction in conduction velocity and notched QRS complexes. A closed electromotive surface has no external electrical field, suggesting that its voltage is uniform. The voltage between two electrodes, both in advance or toward the rear of a n...
Risk factor analysis for the recurrence of resected solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura: a 33-year experience and proposal for a scoring system.

RESULTS: The mean age was 57 ± 14 years. There were 32 (54%) men. Among 32 (54%) symptomatic patients, chest pain (22%), cough (19%) and dyspnoea (17%) were most frequent. The mean tumour size was 7.3 ± 6.7 cm, and 14 patients had SFTPs larger than 10 cm. An SFTP was pedunculated in 38 (67%) cases and had a visceral origin in 40 (68%). Paraneoplastic syndromes were observed in 3 (5%) patients. On histopathologic analysis, 4 (7%) presented ≥4 mitosis/10 high-power fields (HPFs), 8 (15%) atypia, 14 (24%) hypercellularity and 6 (10%) necrosis. After a mean follow-up of 8.8 ± 7.0 years, we observed 8 (14%) recurrences; median time to recurrence was 6 years (range 2–16 years). Two (3%) patients received adjuvant therapy. We constructed a predictive score for recurrence by assigning one point to each of the six variables: parietal (vs visceral) pleural origin, sessile (vs pedunculated) morphology, size >10 cm (vs <10 cm), the presence of hypercellularity, necrosis and mitotic activity ≥4/HPF (vs <4). A score of ≥3 best predicted recurrence (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 92%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.966, P< 0.0001). With a score of ≥3, recurrence-free survival was 80%, 69, 23 and 23% at 3, 5, 10 and 15 years, whereas a score of <3 was 100% up to 15 years. Our scoring system was superior in predicting malignant behaviour and recurrence compared with England’s criteria or de Perrot staging. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed scoring system is simple, easily obtained from existing pathological description and reliably predicts recurrence in this patient population harbouring SFTP. The SFTP score may stratify patient risk and guide postoperative surveillance. We recommend validation in additional clinical series.
A cost-effective proficiency-based knot-tying and suturing curriculum for residency programs.

Background The purpose of this study was to develop a structured open skills curriculum for knot-tying and suturing using expert-derived performance goals and to examine its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and construct validity. Methods Using commercially available bench models, 11 standardized tasks (ranging from 2-handed knot-tying to running subcuticular closure) were developed and scored using previously validated metrics based on time and errors. Expert performance was used to establish training endpoints and to create a video tutorial. PGY 1 residents ( n = 4) were enrolled in a prospective Institutional Review Board-approved pilot study that included proctored orientation and baseline testing, self-training to proficiency, and proctored post-testing (conducted over a 4-wk period). Baseline trainee scores were compared with expert scores to evaluate construct validity. Results The 11 tasks proved relatively robust, and excellent feedback was obtained from the trainees regarding educational benefit. Overall, trainees performed 144 ± 33 repetitions over 11 ± 2 h. Trainees achieved proficiency for 4.6% of the 11 tasks at baseline, 91% during training, and 84% at post-testing. Trainees demonstrated significant improvement from baseline to post-testing, validating skill acquisition; baseline trainee and expert performance were significantly different, confirming construct validity. Curriculum development cost $1200 and required 72 man-hours. Incremental training cost less than $12 per participant and required 8 man-hours per rotation using the video-based self-practice curriculum. In response to participant feedback, two of the 11 tasks were modified and a twelfth task was added. Conclusions This curriculum is cost-effective, feasible within the context of residency training, educationally beneficial, and demonstrates construct validity. More widespread adoption of standardized, validated skills curricula such as this by residency programs is warranted.
DOK2 Inhibits EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma

Somatic mutations in the EGFR proto-oncogene occur in ~15% of human lung adenocarcinomas and the importance of EGFR mutations for the initiation and maintenance of lung cancer is well established from mouse models and cancer therapy trials in human lung cancer patients. Recently, we identified DOK2 as a lung adenocarcinoma tumor suppressor gene. Here we show that genomic loss of DOK2 is associated with EGFR mutations in human lung adenocarcinoma, and we hypothesized that loss of DOK2 might therefore cooperate with EGFR mutations to promote lung tumorigenesis. We tested this hypothesis using genetically engineered mouse models and find that loss of Dok2 in the mouse accelerates lung tumorigenesis initiated by oncogenic EGFR, but not that initiated by mutated Kras. Moreover, we find that DOK2 participates in a negative feedback loop that opposes mutated EGFR; EGFR mutation leads to recruitment of DOK2 to EGFR and DOK2-mediated inhibition of downstream activation of RAS. These data identify DOK2 as a tumor suppressor in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.
Sleeping Beauty: reply to Elga

1. The problem Researchers at the Experimental Philosophy Laboratory have decided to carry out the following experiment. First they will tell Sleeping Beauty all that I am about to tell you in this paragraph, and they will see to it that she fully believes all she is told. Then on Sunday evening they will put her to sleep. On Monday they will awaken her briefly. At first they will not tell her what day it is, but later they will tell her that it is Monday. Then they will subject her to memory erasure. Perhaps they will again awaken her briefly on Tuesday. Whether they do will depend on the toss of a fair coin: if heads they will awaken her only on Monday, if tails they will awaken her on Tuesday as well. On Wednesday the experiment will be over and she will be allowed to wake up. The three possible brief awakenings during the experiment will be indistinguishable: she will have the same total evidence at her Monday awakening whatever the result of the coin toss may be, and if she is awakened on Tuesday the memory erasure on Monday will make sure that her total evidence at the Tuesday awakening is exactly the same as at the Monday awakening. However, she will be able, and she will be taught how, to distinguish her brief awakenings during the experiment from her Wednesday awakening after the experiment is over, and indeed from all other actual awakenings there have ever been, or ever will be. Let’s assume that Beauty is a paragon of probabilistic rationality, and always assigns the credences (subjective probabilities) she ought to. We shall need to consider her credence functions at three different times. Let P be her credence function just after she is awakened on Monday. Let P+ be her credence function just after she’s told that it’s Monday. Let P- be her credence function just before she’s put to sleep on Sunday, but after she’s been told how the experiment is to work. At the beginning of her Monday awakening, what credence does Beauty assign to the hypothesis HEADS that the result of the coin toss is heads? What credence does she assign to the hypothesis TAILS that it’s tails? Adam Elga (2000) argues that P(HEADS) = 1/3, P(TAILS) = 2/3. I disagree, and argue that P(HEADS) = P(TAILS) = 1/2.
Digital spectrum of a nonuniformly sampled two-dimensional signal and its reconstruction

Theory and applications of nonuniformly sampled one-dimensional signals have been well studied and published . In this paper, we extend that theory to the two-dimensional case. First, the digital spectra (the discrete time Fourier transform) of nonuniformly sampled two-dimensional signals are derived analytically. Based on the result of the analysis, we develop a technique to estimate the sampling offsets. Then we present an algorithm to reconstruct the original spectrum from the nonuniformly sampled data. Examples are presented to show that these algorithms are accurate and effective.
Analysis of the laser magnetic resonance spectrum of HO2

An analysis of the previously detected laser magnetic resonance spectrum of HOt is carried out by (i) assigning MJ quantum numbers to each observed Zeeman line, (ii) determining the quantum numbers (N‘K”K,’-N’’K,,,K,’,) and energies of the zero-field asymmetric rotor transitions involved, and (iii) determining the values of the zero-field spin-rotation doublet splittings in the upper and lower states of each asymmetric rotor transition. The rotational transitions obtained lie in the region 50-150 cm-’, with quantum numbers 4 5 N 5 19 and 1 < K, 5 4. They are fit to an asymmetric rotor program to obtain the three rotational constants A, B, C and the three symmetric-top centrifugal distortion constants DK, DNK, DN. The spin splittings are fit to an approximate theoretical expression involving two adjustable linear combinations of components of the spin-rotation interaction tensor E. Because of the lack of spectra from other isotopic species, a unique molecular geometry cannot be derived.
Days of Our Lives: Assessing Day Similarity from Location Traces

We develop and test algorithms for assessing the similarity of a person’s days based on location traces recorded from GPS. An accurate similarity measure could be used to find anomalous behavior, to cluster similar days, and to predict future travel. We gathered an average of 46 days of GPS traces from 30 volunteer subjects. Each subject was shown random pairs of days and asked to assess their similarity. We tested eight different similarity algorithms in an effort to accurately reproduce our subjects’ assessments, and our statistical tests found two algorithms that performed better than the rest. We also successfully applied one of our similarity algorithms to clustering days using location traces.
Electrophysiology of K+ Transport by Midgut Epithelium of Lepidopteran Insect Larvae: II. The Transapical Electrochemical Gradients

Basal membrane potential (V b ) and intracellular K + activity [(K + ) i ] were recorded, using microelectrodes, in isolated, superfused, short-circuited midgut of fifth instar larvae of Manduca sexta . The electrochemical gradient across the basal membrane was favourable for K + entry as long as [K + ] b was 32mequivl −1 or greater. In 20 mequiv 1 −1 K + V b rose so that in some cells the basal electrochemical gradient was unfavourable for K+ entry. In 10 mequivl −1 K + , the basal electrochemical gradient of all cells was unfavourable for K + entry. This result suggests that an active K + pump may augment passive basal K + entry. Addition of 2mmoll −1 Ba 2+ to midgut resulted in substantial hyperpolarization of V b accompanied by relatively small changes in (K + ) i ; the net effect was to move (K + ); farther away from electrochemical equilibrium with external K + . Identification of recorded cells by ionophoretic injection of Lucifer Yellow showed that both major cell types of the epithelium (goblet and columnar cells) had similar control values of V b and (K + ) i ; and responded similarly to Ba 2+ , suggesting the presence of effective chemical or electrical coupling between the transporting goblet cells and the non-transporting columnar cells. Hypoxia reduced transepithelial K + transport, both in the absence and in the presence of Ba 2+ . In the absence of Ba 2+ , (K + ) i ; was within a few millivolts of equilibrium and the effect of hypoxia was small. In the presence of Ba 2+ , when (K + ) i ; was far from equilibrium with extracellular K + , hypoxia markedly depolarized the basal membrane. The results are compatible with the suggestion that Ba 2+ partially blocks basal K + entry, but does not directly affect the apical pump. Hypoxia inhibits the apical pump. Since the active transepithelial transport of K + was reduced after Ba 2+ treatment even though (K + ) i ; was unchanged, it appears that the activity of the apical pump is primarily controlled by the voltage step across the apical membrane.
The Profession and Professionalism are Dead?: A Review of Thomas Morgan, The Vanishing American Lawyer (2010)

Professor Tom Morgan’s new book, The Vanishing American Lawyer (2010) makes the argument that the legal profession and professionalism are dead. In light of the future market realities facing lawyers, Professor Morgan views the death of both law as a profession and professionalism as a good thing.This book review disagrees that lawyers can better respond to new market realities and thus serve the public good by saying that the profession and professionalism are dead. It makes a Churchillian defense of the profession and professionalism. The concepts are flawed in actual practice, and we could do a great deal better in realizing them, but the review argues that the alternative that Morgan proposes is more flawed in terms of ultimate benefit for the public good. Business schools following Morgan’s model have largely failed to acculturate our most gifted and educated students into moralities necessary for sustainable responsible capitalism.
Immigrant Criminalization in Law and the Media Effects on Latino Immigrant Workers’ Identities in Arizona

This article examines the effects of two forces in the context of reception: the legal regime and enforcement practices and media portrayals of immigrants as they combine to shape the lives of immi...
Regulated exocytosis of lysosomes: A novel pathway revealed by the interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi with host cells

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the hypothesis that the Tyrpanosoma cruzi -induced [Ca 2+ ] transients play a role in the lysosome recruitment and fusion process. A prediction of this hypothesis is that [Ca 2+ ] transients should be capable of mobilizing lysosomes for fusion with the plasma membrane in the absence of trypanosomes. This chapter also discusses recent observations that demonstrate that conventional lysosomes can indeed behave as Ca 2+ exocytic vesicles in many cell types. These findings, together with recent observations from other groups highlight the existence of a novel pathway of regulated exocytosis involving lysosomes, which is apparently present in most animal cells. Ca 2+ is an ubiquitous second messenger involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including cytoskeletal rearrangements and membrane fusion. In the search for specific second messengers induced by T. cruzi in mammalian cells, it is found that the invasive trypomastigote forms are capable of triggering repetitive intracellular free Ca 2+ transients in the host cell.
Evidence for Large-Magnitude, Post-Eocene Extension in the Northern Shoshone Range, Nevada, and Its Implications for the Structural Setting of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in the Lower Plate of the Roberts Mountains Allochthon

The northern Shoshone and Toiyabe Ranges in north-central Nevada expose numerous areas of mineralized Paleozoic rock, including major Carlin-type gold deposits at Pipeline and Cortez. Paleozoic rocks in these areas were previously interpreted to have undergone negligible postmineralization extension and tilting, but here we present new data that suggest major post-Eocene extension along west-dipping normal faults. Tertiary rocks in the northern Shoshone Range crop out in two W-NW–trending belts that locally overlie and intrude highly deformed Lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. Tertiary exposures in the more extensive, northern belt were interpreted as subvertical breccia pipes (intrusions), but new field data indicate that these “pipes” consist of a 35.8 Ma densely welded dacitic ash flow tuff (informally named the tuff of Mount Lewis) interbedded with sandstones and coarse volcaniclastic deposits. Both tuff and sedimentary rocks strike N-S and dip 30° to 70° E; the steeply dipping compaction foliation in the tuffs was interpreted as subvertical flow foliation in breccia pipes. The southern belt along Mill Creek, previously mapped as undivided welded tuff, includes the tuff of Cove mine (34.4 Ma) and unit B of the Bates Mountain Tuff (30.6 Ma). These tuffs dip 30° to 50° east, suggesting that their west-dipping contacts with underlying Paleozoic rocks (previously mapped as depositional) are normal faults. Tertiary rocks in both belts were deposited on Paleozoic basement and none appear to be breccia pipes. We infer that their present east tilt is due to extension on west-dipping normal faults. Some of these faults may be the northern strands of middle Miocene (ca. 16 Ma) faults that cut and tilted the 34.0 Ma Caetano caldera ~40° east in the central Shoshone Range (<5 km south of Mill Creek), but further mapping is necessary to trace the faults through the highly deformed Paleozoic rocks that surround the isolated Tertiary outcrops. Significant post-Eocene extensional faulting in the northern Shoshone Range may have important implications for both the structure of the Roberts Mountains allochthon and the exposure of potentially mineralized rocks in its lower plate, both of which were likely east-tilted and repeated by west-dipping faults together with overlying Tertiary rocks.
A Factor Analytic Study of Responses to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development by a Disadvantaged Population

-Factor analysis of responses to the Bayley scores from 207 disadvantaged children of two age levels yielded 6 to 4 factors. Variance for the younger group (12 to 21 mo.) was mostly accounted for by comprehension of verbal and gestural communication. In both groups (including one 21 to 30 mo.) gross psychomotor ability emerged as an important contributor to variance. Data confirm the increasing differentiation of mental abilities with age (growth and experience).