cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Costs and Benefits of Methadone Treatment in DATOS- Part 1: Discharged versus Continuing Patients

Abstract Longer lengths of stay in methadone treatment have been associated with greater treatment benefits such as reductions in heroin use and criminal activity. In this paper, the first of two concentrating on costs of methadone treatment, the positive monetary returns from investments in longer-term methadone treatment for opioid users who participated in NIDA's Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS) are demonstrated. Part 1 focuses on crime cost savings for discharged patients (patients who left their index DATOS treatment program before completing 1 year of treatment) and continuing patients (those who continued in treatment for 1 year or longer). It was hypothesized that methadone treatment benefits from tangible crime cost savings during treatment and at follow-up would be greater for the continuing patients. Subjects were 394 methadone patients from 8 medium to large cities and 16 programs; overall 37% were women, 33% African American, with an average age of 37.2. Results supported the hypo...
Model Referenced Adaptive Control for an Industrial Manipulator

Abstract The increasing application of robotic industrial manipulators for a wide variety of accurate industrial tasks demands an improved manipulator performance over a wide range of operations. The achievement of desirable dynamic performance in manipulator systems consistently for different operating conditions is difficult when using conventional control methods, because op both the inherent geometric nonlinearities or these systems and the dependence o* the system dynamics on the system configuration and characteristics of manipulated objects. In this study, an attempt is made to improve the manipulator performance to obtain desirable characteristics uniformly, irrespective of payload mass and system configuration using Model Referenced Adaptive Control (MRAC) technique. A nonlinear, coupled dynamic model of a three degree off freedom PUMA arm is developed applying Lagrangian Mechanics, and is simplified to facilitate computation of the system states to be used in digital simulation of the adaptive control algorithms. The adaptive control algorithm, MRAC is developed and its stability is investigated. Using the dynamic model developed earlier, the effectiveness or the adaptive control scheme is evaluated via digital simulation of different maneuvers of the robotic arm that represent practical situations encountered in an industrial setting. The system response is compared without and with MRAC implemented. The effectiveness of the MRAC scheme remains uniformly good irrespective of load and system configuration.
Criteria evaluation for cleanliness testing phase 0

The Boeing Company (Boeing) contracted with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to develop criteria for evaluating the efficacy of its parts cleaning processes. In particular, LLNL and Boeing are attempting to identify levels of contamination that lead to parts failures. Sufficient contamination to cause impairment of anodizing, alodining, painting, or welding operations is considered a �part failure.� In the �Phase 0� part of the project that was recently completed, preliminary analyses of aluminum substrates were performed as a first step in determining suitable cleanliness criteria for actual Boeing parts made from this material. A wide spread of contamination levels was specified for the Phase 0 test coupons, in the hopes of finding a range in which an appropriate cleanliness specification might lie. It was planned that, based on the results of the Phase 0 testing, further more detailed analyses (�Phase 1 testing�) would be performed in order to more accurately identify the most appropriate criteria. For the Phase 0 testing, Boeing supplied LLNL with 3� x 6� and 3� x 10� aluminum test panels which LLNL contaminated with measured amounts of typical hydrocarbon substances encountered in Boeing� s fabrication operations. The panels were then subjected by Boeing to normal cleaning procedures, after which they went through one of the following sets of operations: l anodizing and primer painting . alodining (chromating) and primer painting l welding The coatings or welds were then examined by both Boeing and LLNL to determine whether any of the operations were impaired, and whether there was a correlation between contamination level and damage to the parts. The experimental approach and results are described in detail.
Pursuing Scholarship: Educating Faculty and Students on How to Publish Their Academic Work

Education scholarship improves our understanding of teaching and learning in medicine. Medical education scholarship reaches across the continuum—as early as premedical student through practicing physicians—and includes teaching materials, pedagogical methods, education theory, and academic performance outcomes. Due to the broadness of medical education, opportunities for quality scholarship abound. As part of the education community, the dissemination of academic work through reputable publications is essential for a successful career path and the continued advancement of academic medicine.
Advanced Airborne Water Vapor DIAL Development and Measurements

Recent development and measurements with an airborne water vapor DIAL system utilizing dual alexandrite lasers are described. This all-solid state system achieves pulse energies greater than 60 mJ with high spectral purity using either a thermoelectrically cooled diode laser or a continuously tunable external cavity laser diode as an injection seed source.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Where Are We Now?

Objective: To synthesize the literature and provide guidance to practitioners regarding double therapy (DT) and triple therapy (TT) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring percutaneous ...
Imaging the Postoperative Neck

Flap reconstruction is routinely performed for closing defects created by head and neck tumor resection. Many donor sites and types of flaps are available (Figs. 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, and 9.9 and Table 9.1). The imaging features of the flaps depend on their composition and nature of the defect. The denervated muscle components of myocutaneous flaps may demonstrate contrast enhancement and high T2 signal on MRI. Tumor recurrence is perhaps the most significant complication associated with flap reconstruction and most commonly occurs at the site of anastomosis. Recurrence can be difficult to discern due to the altered anatomy of the surgical bed. PET/CT can be helpful in such instances. Other complications of reconstructive flaps include necrosis, fistula formation, hematoma, infection, and instability for bone flaps. These are often clinically apparent. In addition, patients may develop hypertrichosis on the skin surface of myocutaneous flaps, which is particularly problematic in neopharynx reconstruction. The risk of this complication is generally lower with radial forearm free flaps than with pectoral flaps, for instance.
Oxygen Diffusion in Silica and Corrosion of Ceramics

It is generally acknowledged that there are two mechanisms for oxygen transport in vitreous silica: interstitial and network. Depending on the conditions employed in the experiment, the relative contribution by each mechanism, and the degree of interaction between the two mechanisms, will vary. Prior experimental studies of tracer diffusion and permeation are reviewed in this context. Sequential oxidation experiments of silicon-based ceramics have proven useful in revealing the relative importance of each mechanism. A family of analytical and numerical solutions to the diffusion equation are presented and results from the models are discussed.
Case 13: Zone II/III Laceration from a Cat Claw

A 52-year-old woman presented with a Zone II/III open globe injury of the left eye after being scratched by her cat. Her presenting visual acuity was hand motions due to vitreous hemorrhage and hemorrhagic choroidals. The open globe injury was repaired, and the choroidal hemorrhages were monitored and resolved over time without retinal detachment. Her final visual outcome was excellent once the vitreous and choroidal hemorrhages resolved.
Understanding as compression

What is understanding? My goal in this paper is to lay out a new approach to this question and clarify how that approach deals with certain issues. The claim is that understanding is a matter of compressing information about the understood so that it can be mentally useful. On this account, understanding amounts to having a representational kernel and the ability to use it to generate the information one needs regarding the target phenomenon. I argue that this ambitious new account can accommodate much of the data that has motivated theories of understanding in philosophy of science, and can also be generally applicable in epistemology and daily life as well.
We Are All Connected: Modeling the Tumor-Immune Ecosystem.

Circulating tumor-reactive immune cells link tumor responses at anatomically distant locations, yet this interconnectedness is poorly understood on a macro level. Can we use mathematical models to better understand these complex relationships? Recent work provides a framework to evaluate the effects that T cells generated at one site may have on metastases elsewhere in the body and suggests that in the era of immunotherapy the concept of ‘local’ therapy needs to be refined.
Competition, Proprietary Costs of Financial Reporting, and Financial Statement Comparability

Competitors often pay close attention to rivals’ financial reports. For firms with high levels of proprietary information, competition may increase the costs of public disclosure. Theory suggests t...
Rights Discourses and Framing: Lesbian and Gay Anti-Discrimination Policy in Washington State

This paper deals with the puzzle: how do rights discourses impact public opinion? In particular, can the framing of pro and anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered) Rights Movement discourses alter how people respond to pro- lesbian and gay (LG) rights policies? This paper hypothesizes that framing, via rights discourses, influences public opinion. We hypothesize two effects. One is holistic; pro-LG discourses should increase support, while anti-LG discourses should decrease it. The second is based on membership in specific population subgroups; people who are in the “middle of the road” and relatively undecided on LGBT rights should be the most influenced by movement frames. Drawing on the work of legal mobilization, social movement, and public opinion scholarship, this paper tests how rights discourses impact public opinion by using a survey experiment conducted on the October 2011 Washington Poll. We broke interviewees into three groups: a control, a pro-LG “right to equality” discourse, and an anti-LG “special rights” discourse. Immediately following the treatment, we asked interviewees whether or not they agreed with a pro-LG policy, changing state anti-discrimination law to include lesbians and gay men. Overall, this paper concludes that the “special rights” discourse dampens support for protecting gay men and lesbians in the workplace. The “equal rights” discourse has no effect. There is very limited evidence for the claim that these discourses particularly affect specific subsets of the population.
Transcriptomic response of primary human airway epithelial cells to flavoring chemicals in electronic cigarettes

The widespread use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or e-cig) is a growing public health concern. Diacetyl and its chemical cousin 2,3-pentanedione are commonly used to add flavors to e-cig; however, little is known about how the flavoring chemicals may impair lung function. Here we report that the flavoring chemicals induce transcriptomic changes and perturb cilia function in the airway epithelium. Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. DAVID pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of cellular pathways involved in cytoskeletal and cilia processes among the set of common genes (142 genes) perturbed by both diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. Consistent with this, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of multiple genes involved in cilia biogenesis was significantly downregulated by diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in NHBE cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that the number of ciliated cells was significantly decreased by the flavoring chemicals. Our study indicates that the two widely used e-cig flavoring chemicals impair the cilia function in airway epithelium and likely contribute to the adverse effects of e-cig in the lung.
Abstract 577: Beclin1 Regulates UVRAG and Rab5-Mediated Endosomal Degradation Pathway

Effective cellular quality control is crucial for cellular homeostasis and cardiac health. Defects in the pathways that regulate the removal of damaged proteins and organelles contribute to heart f...
Structures of CALHM channels revealed.

Recent studies report the first structures of two CALHM family members, describing unexpected oligomeric architecture and providing insights into the mechanism of function of CALHM channels.
Crystalline loading of lipophilic Coenzyme Q10 pharmaceuticals within conjugated carbon aerogel derivatives

Abstract Low-density aerogel materials are a promising platform for delivering lipophilic drugs with poor water solubility, but to date, the loading of aerogels with pharmaceuticals in crystalline form has not been reported other than by expensive supercritical loading techniques. Here, we demonstrate a simple and low-cost liquid-phase impregnation method to load the model drug coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) within carbon aerogels. By controlling the chemical microstructure of the aerogel to exhibit π-conjugated (sp2) bonding via addition of graphene oxide, the rate of adsorption and total loading of CoQ10 is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the adsorbed CoQ10 adopts an as-yet unreported crystalline phase that differs from the bulk material, not only offering the potential advantages of crystalline materials for drug delivery, but also a means to control the microstructure of this important lipophilic pharmaceutical.
The Interplay of Interpersonal Affect and Source Reliability on Auditors’ Inventory Judgments

While prior auditing research has examined auditors’ sensitivity to source reliability, this research has primarily focused on source characteristics including competence, objectivity and integrity. However, psychology research suggests that the persuasion process is more complex with other source characteristics that can influence persuasion. One such factor that has been identified in prior psychology research as impacting persuasion is interpersonal affect toward the source. This source characteristic is particularly relevant to the auditing domain since auditors gather a predominant amount of evidence through interpersonal interactions with client management, and these interactions are likely to generate emotional reactions toward the client. Using structural equation modeling, the first part of this research establishes the role of interpersonal affect on auditor persuasion. In addition, since auditors will be interacting with clients with multiple source characteristics, we examine how interpersonal affect interacts with source competence to impact persuasion. We propose and find that interpersonal affect toward client management impacts auditors’ judgments and workpaper documentation when client competence is low but has no influence on auditors’ judgments or documentation when client competence is high. These results extend both accounting and psychology research by lending insight into the boundaries of interpersonal affect’s influence on persuasion and auditor decision making. These findings have implications for audit practice as they provide insight into an underexplored factor, interpersonal affect, that exists in the audit environment and can impact performance.
Optical-NIR Color Gradients in Early Type Galaxies at z \leq 1.0

Recent studies based on line indices of nearby early-type galaxies suggest that stars in the galaxies' inner part may be younger and more metal rich than stars in the outer part. If confirmed, the finding has a profound implication for the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies, since such age gradients naturally arise if merging played an important role in their formation/evolution. As an indpendent test for the existence of the age gradient, we investigate the optical-NIR color gradients of six field early-type galaxies at z \simeq 0.4 -- 1.0 where the age gradient is expected to be detectable when combined with z=0 calibrations. By utilizing HST NICMOS H-band imaging along with WFPC2 optical data, we obtain a broad wavelength baseline, giving results that are sensitive to the expected age gradient. When compared with simple model predictions, five of the objects show negligible age gradients and are metallicity gradient dominated, while the remaining object shows a color gradient consistent with the age+metallicity gradient picture. Our results suggest that stars within early-type galaxies may be coeval at z \sim 1, but sprinkling of young stars might have occured at z < 1.
Recent Advances in Computational Models for the Discrete and Continuous Optimization of Industrial Process Systems

An overview of the mathematical formulations used for discrete and continuous optimization are presented. These include Linear Programming, Nonlinear Programming, Integer Programming, Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming, Logic-based Optimization, Stochastic Programming, Robust Optimization, and Flexibility Analysis. Successful applications of optimization models in industry are presented in the following fields: upstream oil & gas, materials blending, natural gas, biofuels, water treatment, electricity market integration, plant reliability, and supply chain design. Ongoing projects applying computational models to optimize industrial process systems are also mentioned. Implementations of customized optimization techniques that improve computational performance and enable finding solutions to otherwise unsolvable optimization problems are highlighted. These include strengthening cuts, decomposition strategies, model reformulation, and linearization, among others.
Fake News Sharing: An Investigation of Threat and Coping Cues in the Context of the Zika Virus

Fake news has become a growing problem for societies, spreading virally and transforming into harmful impacts in social networks. The problem of fake news is even more troubling in the healthcare context. In the healthcare literature, it has been well established that threat situations and coping responses facilitate information sharing and seeking among the public. Along a similar vein, we argue that threat and coping related cues are important indicators of shareworthiness of fake news in social media. We address the following research questions associated with fake news sharing in the context of Zika virus: How do threat- and coping-related cues influence fake news sharing? We characterize threat situations that have threat and severity cues and coping responses that are based on reaction to protection and fear cues. The results indicate the significant positive effect of threat cues and protection cues on fake news sharing. Such an investigation can allow the monitoring of viral fake messages in a timely manner.
Development of NIR-II Photoacoustic Probes Tailored for Deep-Tissue Sensing of Nitric Oxide

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has emerged as a reliable in vivo technique for diverse biomedical applications ranging from disease screening to analyte sensing. Most contemporary PA imaging agents employ NIR-I light (650-900 nm) to generate an ultrasound signal; however, there is significant interference from endogenous biomolecules such as hemoglobin that are PA active in this window. Transitioning to longer excitation wavelengths (i.e., NIR-II) reduces the background and facilitates the detection of low abundance targets (e.g., nitric oxide, NO). In this study, we employed a two-phase tuning approach to develop APNO-1080, a NIR-II NO-responsive probe for deep-tissue PA imaging. First, we performed Hammett and Bronsted analyses to identify a highly reactive and selective aniline-based trigger that reacts with NO via N-nitrosation chemistry. Next, we screened a panel of NIR-II platforms to identify chemical structures that have a low propensity to aggregate since this can diminish the PA signal. In a head-to-head comparison with a NIR-I analogue, APNO-1080 was 17.7-fold more sensitive in an in vitro tissue phantom assay. To evaluate the deep-tissue imaging capabilities of APNO-1080 in vivo, we performed PA imaging in an orthotopic breast cancer model and a heterotopic lung cancer model. Relative to control mice not bearing tumors, the normalized turn-on response was 1.3 ± 0.12 and 1.65 ± 0.07, respectively.
Response: Immigration Law's New Frontiers

This Essay responds to Stella Burch Elias’ article, The New Immigration Federalism, 74 Ohio St. L. J. 703 (2013). Elias’ analysis presents an insightful new way of looking at the landscape of immigration reform in the wake of the Supreme Court’s recent opinions in Arizona v. United States (2012) and Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting (2011). In contrast to the majority of legal scholarship emerging around these issues, Elias’ analysis shows that state, local, or subnational engagement in immigration regulation is not dead, but rather has shifted to previously unrecognized and overlooked areas. She closely parses this emerging legal landscape, and offers compelling support for her important new analysis.
Carbon and Energy Sources for the Nitrifying Autotroph Nitrobacter

Delwiche, C. C. (University of California, Davis), and M. S. Finstein. Carbon and energy sources for the nitrifying autotroph Nitrobacter. J. Bacteriol. 90:102–107. 1965.—The effect of various organic compounds on the growth and metabolism of the obligatively autotrophic nitrifying organism Nitrobacter was studied. A slight stimulation of both nitrification and growth was obtainable with a number of organic amendments, including yeast extract, Vitamin Free Casamino Acids, and some amino acids. Depending upon culture conditions, a strong stimulation of growth was obtained with acetate as an amendment to the culture solution. Several compounds, including valine, hydroxyproline, and threonine, were inhibitory at concentrations of 10−3m. The incorporation of carbon from isotopically labeled organic compounds was demonstrated. Acetate and glycine were particularly strong contributors to cell carbons. These could not substitute for carbon dioxide as a sole carbon source for growth, however, nor could any other of the carbon compounds that were tried.
The pathogenesis of diabetes in the NOD mouse.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the origin of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, the pathogenesis of diabetes, and the role of the immune cells in pathogenesis and some of the important discoveries that have facilitated and expanded the understanding of both immunity and autoimmunity. With the development of spontaneous diabetes, the NOD mouse shares many pathological features with human type 1 diabetes (T1D) making it a valuable model for research. Disease is associated with specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles, anti-insulin autoantibodies precede diabetes, and β-cell–specific cellular responses are discussed. Some important advantages of the NOD mouse autoimmune model for diabetes include access to the pancreas at preclinical stages in the immunopathology, the ability to breed and genetically manipulate animals, and the capacity to employ intervention strategies at preclinical and postclinical disease stages. The NOD mouse model has provided researchers with an excellent opportunity to examine islets at various stages of the diabetes disease process.
The Moral Molecule

Is there a biological basis for morality? This talk will survey recent studies from my lab that are characterizing the role of oxytocin in producing a variety of moral behaviors. Using a neuroeconomics paradigm to measure virtue in vice in the laboratory, oxytocin is implicated in the virtues of trustworthiness, sacrifice, generosity, and empathy. Applications to law are also identified.
Incubation-free detection of bacteria cells by using droplet-based impedance sensing

In this study, we have demonstrated the capability of droplet-based impedance sensor as a cost-effective, simple and rapid bacterial quantification assay. By using evaporation to concentrate and amplify the ions released by bacteria cells, the detection limit of classical non-Faradic impedance sensors is improved by two orders of magnitude. Further, the time-multiplexing capability of DNFIS (achieved by continuous impedance monitoring as the droplet evaporates) significantly reduces the data variability. We showed that through capturing the conductance modulation inherited to bacteria cells suspended in a low conductivity solution, they can be quantified within ca. 20 min which is ∼ 10–50 times shorter than the growth-based assays, as summarized in Fig. 3(b).
Role of animal models in oncology drug discovery

Tumor xenografts have been used for over three decades in oncology drug development with little predictive value. A case has been made for use of orthotopic xenograft models as well as transgenic tumor models as a better reflection of tumor biology. However, their use in drug development has been limited, thus far, due to technical challenges of monitoring tumor growth. Recent advances in small animal imaging are addressing some of those challenges; however, the predictive ability of these models with regards to clinical response is still questionable. This presentation will focus on the utility of animal models in oncology drug development and a paradigm shift in their value as tools to evaluate biological effects of new agents as well as understanding the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship to aid in better clinical development.
Can Organ Transplantation Provide an Altruistic‐Expiatory Alternative to Suicide?*

: The question posed by this article is whether or not an individual who wants to take all of his life would be assuaged by being asked to donate only an organ (e.g., a kidney). Tying in with ancient sacrificial rites, the hypothesis is offered that the giving of parts of oneself, including blood, can serve as an altruistic-expiatory alternative to suicide, thus avoiding the twin tragedies of healthy people who want to kill themselves and sick people who, for lack of a single vital organ, have to die.
Perspectives: Modes of Viewing and Knowing in Nineteenth-Century England by Linda M. Shires

Linda Shires' excellent book is a rare example of a text at once accessible to students and informative to scholars. Her use of case studies is key to the pedagogical opportunities of this book. He...
The Effect of Operating Conditions on Flame Temperature in a Diesel Engine

A two-color optical procedure was used to measure temperatures during combustion in the prechamber of an automotive-type divided-chamber diesel engine. The prechamber design was cylindrical, instead of spherical, with quartz windows at the ends to provide optical access. The temperature was measured for engine conditions in which the combustion timing, overall air-fuel ratio, engine speed, intake-manifold pressure and intake-air temperature were varied. At each condition, the temperature was measured along a single line of sight conincident with the axis of the prechamber and was measured as a function of engine crank angle in at least 92 engine cycles.
The effects of contingency factors on perceived values of casual sportswear: An empirical study of US consumers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and empirically examine a consumer perceived value (CPV) formation model in the context of the US casual sportswear market. The effects of investigated contingency factors on perceived values are empirically determined.Design/methodology/approach – CPV was measured by four dimensions: price, quality, social and emotional values. The investigated contingency factors included gender, age, race, income level, and retailer type. The primary data were gathered by a nation‐wide survey of US consumers and the applied statistical techniques were exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis.Findings – The statistical analysis of 4,949 eligible survey responses shows that four value dimensions accounted for 77 percent of CPV variance. For the effects of contingency factors, race did not significantly affect the formation of any perceived values. In contrast, gender, income level, and retailer type significantly affected...
Sexual Harassment and the Real North Country: Revelations of an Expert Witness

In the film North Country, Academy-Award-winning-actress Charlize Theron portrays Josey Aimes, one of many female miners in Eveleth, Minnesota subjected to a wide range of injurious and abusive sexual behaviors by male coworkers. Moreover, the behaviors were tacitly condoned by company management. The women portrayed in the film became part of the first successful class action suit brought against an employer because of sexual harassment (Jenson vs. Eveleth Taconite Company 1991). Since Jensen, many U.S. organizations and managers have traveled great philosophical distances and have acquired the ethical and intellectual heft to avoid the type of rampant behaviors that caused Eveleth Mines (located in Eveleth, Minnesota, U.S.) to lose the lawsuit. Unfortunately, we may not have traveled as far as we think. As an expert witness in the area of sexual harassment, I continue to be flummoxed and amazed each time I am faced with reports, depositions, and testimony concerning the actions of employees in organizations today. According to the combined data of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and Fair Employment Practices agencies (FEPAs), in 2011 approximately 11,364 sexual harassment complaints were filed resulting in $53.2 million in monetary benefits paid to complainants by offending organizations (EEOC 2015a). From 2010 to 2014, the EEOC alone received 37,442 SH complaints with $208.9 million in monetary benefits paid to complainants (these values do not include monies obtained through litigation (EEOC 2015b)). Even in our post-modern, sophisticated, well-trained, and well-educated world, individuals, groups, and organizations continue to astonish and disturb us with reports of undesirable sexual behavior. Why does sexual harassment continue to afflict organizations and individuals with such persistence? We are all aware of the risks—both personal and professional—of engaging in behavior that benefits no one and in fact, can injure others. Why does it continue? Is it that we make mistakes in selecting individuals into our organizations and then promoting them into positions of power? Is it an organizational problem? Is it primarily a gender-based issue? I Employ Respons Rights J (2016) 28:1–22 DOI 10.1007/s10672-015-9269-2
‘The Great Prohibition’: The Expansion of Christianity in Colonial Northern Nigeria

Historical research on the spread of Christianity in colonial Northern Nigeria has been hampered by a focus on the wrong issues. The population of the colony was predominantly Muslim, but the colonial territory created by the British contained large populations of African traditionalist peoples. During the colonial era the British government prohibited Christian proselytization of Muslims. Historical research had focused on the battle between colonial administrators and missionaries over entry into Muslim areas, a battle missionaries lost. But during the colonial era Christian missions experienced real success in Christianizing traditionalist peoples. The colonial government also sought to impede this development, significantly by using the same rules that prohibited the proselytization of Muslims to prohibit the proselytization of traditionalists. This article makes the case that the government’s efforts to halt the spread of Christianity to traditionalists, not Muslims, should become the focus of new research.
Characteristics of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Auxotrophic Mutant Infectivity

Lippincott, Barbara B. (Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.), and James A. Lippincott. Characteristics of Agrobacterium tumefaciens auxotrophic mutant infectivity. J. Bacteriol. 92:937-945. 166.-Mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens auxotrophic for adenine, methionine, or asparagine are less infectious than the wild-type strain B6 from which they were derived and show increased infectivity on pinto bean leaves when the specific compounds required for growth of the mutants are added to the infected leaf. Reversion to a prototrophic form of nutrition is accompanied by increased infectivity. Tumors initiated by these auxotrophic mutants are shown to arise only at large wound sites where nutritional conditions may be less restricting. The data indicate that, after inoculation, the bacteria pass through a phase in which host-supplied nutrients are utilized for the production of one or more factors necessary for successful tumor initiation.
Cytoreductive Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Treated with Sunitinib Malate

Background In patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) on first-line imatinib (IM) undergoing cytoreductive surgery, response to IM at time of surgery correlates with completeness of resection and progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS). Impact of surgery in IM-resistant patients on second-line sunitinib (SU) is unknown.
Effects of insulin on myocardial angiogenic signaling in response to chronic ischemia in diabetes

METHODS: Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced in Yucatan miniswine using Alloxan. In the DM group(n 8), blood glucose was kept 250 mg/dL, and in the DM I group(n 6), intramuscular insulin was administered daily to keep glucose 150 mg/dL. Normal miniswine(ND,n 8,non-diabetic) were used for comparison. Eight weeks later, a circumflex artery ameroid constrictor was placed to induce chronic ischemia. Coronary angiography was performed 3 weeks subsequently, followed 4 weeks thereafter by tissue harvest. VEGF (VEGF, VEGFR2, Akt/phospho-Akt, eNOS/phosphoeNOS), FGF-2 (FGF-2, FGFR1, Syndecan-4, iNOS) and Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1, Tie-2, Akt/phospho-Akt, eNOS/phosphoeNOS) signaling pathways were assessed using Western blotting of myocardial tissue, as well as VEGF induced microvascular relaxation and endothelial cell density in the ischemic territory.
Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy in injured patients: variations between trauma centers and nontrauma centers.

Background:We sought to identify patient and institutional variables predictive of a withdrawal of care order (WOCO) in trauma patients. We hypothesized that the frequency of WOCO would be higher at trauma centers.Methods:Data from the National Study on the Costs and Outcomes of Trauma were used to
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF PSYCHOMOTOR VIGILANCE, MOOD, AND SLEEPINESS IN THE ULTRA-SHORT SLEEP/WAKE PROTOCOL

Despite its advantages as a chronobiological technique, the ultra-short sleep/wake protocol remains underutilized in circadian rhythm research. The purpose of this study was to examine circadian rhythms of psychomotor vigilance (PVT), mood, and sleepiness in a sample (n=25) of healthy young adults while they adhered to a 3 h ultra-short sleep/wake protocol. The protocol involved 1 h sleep intervals in darkness followed by 2 h wake intervals in dim light, repeated for 50–55 h. A 5 min PVT test was conducted every 9 h with the standard metrics of mean reaction time (RT; RTmean), median RT (RTmed), fastest 10% of responses (RT10fast), and reciprocal of the 10% slowest responses (1/RT10slow). Subjective measures of mood and sleepiness were assessed every 3 h. A cosine fit of intra-aural temperature, assessed three times per wake period, established the time of the body temperature minimum (Tmin). Mood, sleepiness, and PVT performances were expressed relative to individual means and compared across eight times...
A numerical validation of continuum time averaging

Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation was used to compare continuum time averaging to volume averaging. For a randomized gas-particle flow system, averaging within a control volume was compared to time averages of passage of particles through an elemental area, both contained in a box. Accuracy of averages of density, velocity and their fluctuations in a particle cloud were seen to converge over a small flux area.
High Frequency Modeling Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

In this paper a high frequency model of a complete motor drive is developed using measurements and finite element analysis (FEA). The high frequency inverter and cable model were developed using measurements while the high frequency motor model was developed using FEA. A complete drive involving DC power source, inverter, cable, and motor were implemented in Simulink and the power system block set. The model was extensively used for testing overvoltage and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by ground current. The simulation model was verified by performing experiments using real time hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation. The real permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used as an example for realistic implementation.
Electrocardiography Screening for Cardiotoxicity after Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccination

Abstract Background Symptomatic myopericarditis has been described after smallpox vaccination using replication-competent vaccinia strains. Methods We examined the incidence of new electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities and evaluated the safety and immunogenicity related to vaccination. Volunteer subjects (n=90) aged 18 to 32 years were enrolled in a National Institutes of Health-sponsored phase I smallpox vaccination trial (Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 02-017) and observed over a 26-week period after 2 injections of IMVAMUNE, Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine (Bavarian Nordic A/S, Copenhagen, DK), followed by scarification with Dryvax (Wyeth Laboratories, Marietta, Penn). Diagnostic computer-derived ECG statements were available to the clinical study team and compared with those of a board-certified cardiologist who independently read the ECG tracings. Results Serial ECG tracings available for 89 of the subjects revealed new ST-segment abnormalities in 2.2% and new T-wave abnormalities in 15.7%; the majority (71.4%) resolved on subsequent tracings. Cardiologist over-read of computer statements resulted in frequent changes in readings, particularly negation of cardiac arrhythmias. A cardiology consultation was requested in 17 subjects for nonspecific cardiac symptoms or new abnormal ECG findings. Echocardiograms were performed in 12 of the 17 subjects and were normal except for 1 subject with possible myopericarditis after receiving Dryvax. Conclusion New minor ECG abnormalities are common in apparently young healthy volunteers considered for smallpox vaccination trials. Cardiologist over-read of computer-generated ECG statements in vaccine trials using ECG as a screening tool for safety can reduce false-positive computer-determined ECG diagnoses and the need for inappropriate cardiology referral and additional noninvasive testing.
1593 CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID (CSF) PROTEIN AS AN INDICATION OF INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH)

CSF protein levels performed during the second week of life can predict the presence of IVH of grade II-IV as scaled by Papille, et al. A screening test for IVH would be useful in those nurseries that do not have portable ultrasound capabilities and can obtain CAT-scans only with difficulty. In a previous study, RBC counts in CSF fluid have been determined not to reflect the presence or absence of IVH (Silverboard, et al.). Twenty-four infants in our NICU had an IVH of grade II-IV diagnosed by CAT-scan. Fifteen of these infants had 33 lumbar punctures (LP) performed during the second week of life, only 4 specimens had CSF protein 250,000) negates the validity of the test and 7 specimens were excluded for this reason. A group of 7 prematures with normal CAT-scans had CSF proteins of 200mg% on LPs performed during their stay. CSF protein values on infants with IVH averaged 156mg% during the first week, 672mg% during the second week and 288mg% beyond the second week of life. One ‘false positive’ occurred in a premature who had a large subarachnoid bleed on CAT-scan. No false negatives have been noted, though they may be expected to occur in small grade II hemorrhages. This is a useful screening tool in nurseries without portable ultrasound capabilities to diagnose IVH.
mRNA localization: motile RNA, asymmetric anchors.

Techniques to label mRNA with green fluorescent protein (GFP) have provided the first real-time images of RNA motility in live yeast cells. Genetic screens for factors responsible for mRNA asymmetry (e.g. SHE genes) in yeast identified type V myosin among other proteins. Analysis of mRNA movement in various she mutants revealed the role of motor proteins in long-range transport, factors for particle formation, and cortical anchors for docking the mRNA.
Alpine periglacial landforms of eastern North America: A review

Permafrost and periglacial features occur at high elevations in the mountains of New England (Presidential Range), Gaspesie, Western Newfoundland and Labrador. Both active and inactive patterned ground features have been reported together with block fields and felsenmeer. Problems relate to the complex deglaciation histories of the areas in question, the possibility that nunataks existed during the last glaciation, and the role of cold-based versus warm-based ice in landform preservation. There is need for more research on periglacial features and deposits in the alpine zone of eastern North America. Des pergelisols et des phenomenes periglaciaires existent a haute altitude dans les montagnes de la Nouvelle Angleterre (Presidential Range), en Gaspesie, dans l'Ouest de Terre-Neuve et au Labrador. Des sols periglaciaires structures actifs et inactifs ont ete observes en měme temps que des accumulations de blocs. Des problemes relatifs a ces phenomenes periglaciaires sont discutes en considerant les circonstances de la deglaciation complexe de ces regions, en examinant la possibilite que des nunataks aient existe pendant la derniere glaciation et en envisageant les possibilites de preservation des formes de terrain si la base du glacier etait constituee de glace froide. Des recherches complementaires sur les depǒts et morphologies periglaciaires sont necessaires dans la zone alpine de l'Amerique du Nord orientale.
Plant directionality, coupling and multivariable loop-shaping

We study the multivariable loop-shaping problem when the plant is ill-conditioned and feedback properties at both plant input and output are of interest. Directionality and coupling are described, using the singular value decomposition and principal angles between high- and low-gain subspaces. Our first results are new first-order approximations to feedback properties at one loop-breaking point in terms of the open loop transfer function at that point. Secondly, we study the relation between feedback properties at different loop-breaking points in the event that the plant is ill-conditioned. The nominal relation is studied first. Then robustness is studied, using a first-order approximation to feedback properties at one point with respect to uncertainty at the other. This analysis yields conditions that must be satisfied by feedback properties at one point to prevent poor feedback properties at the other. Finally, these two sets of results are combined to show how feedback properties at both points may be...
Investigation into the role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the induction and maintenance of maternal behavior in rats

Abstract The biochemical regulation of maternal behavior has been extensively studied. Cholecystokinin (CCK), a gut peptide that is also present in the brain, recently has been implicated in the onset of maternal behavior in estrogen-primed virgin rats. The objective of the present set of studies was to delineate the role of CCK in the onset (Experiments 1 - 3) and maintenance (Experiments 4 and 5) of maternal behavior in rats. In the first study intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of CCK was unable to stimulate the onset of maternal behavior in estrogen-primed virgin rats. Similarly, i.c.v. infusions of CCK into pregnant rats, starting on Day 17 of gestation (Experiment 2), did not advance the onset of maternal behavior. Moreover, when CCK-filled minipumps were implanted intraperitoneally in estrogen-primed virgin rats, the rate of onset of maternal behavior was unaffected (Experiment 3). In contrast, direct infusions of CCK into the MPOA blocked the disruptive effects of β-endorphin on the maintenance of maternal behavior in postpartum lactating rats (Experiment 4). In addition, proglumide, a CCK receptor antagonist, disrupted maternal behavior in postpartum lactating rats by increasing latencies to retrieve and crouch over the young (Experiment 5). These results support an involvement of CCK in the maintenance, but not the onset, of maternal behavior in rats.
The Biolog project: Self-monitoring as a laboratory for physiological psychology

Laboratories in physiological psychology often require the use of expensive equipment and the debatable ethics of using animals for surgical demonstration. This article describes an optional and independent laboratory, the Biolog, that emphasizes a macro-analysis of physiological functioning, rather than the microanalysis of traditional physiological laboratory exercises. In the Biolog, students select physiological functions that they self-monitor. Feedback suggests that students value this experience and find it a useful adjunct to learning about physiological functioning.
Dance Education for a Changing World

(1991). Dance Education for a Changing World. Design For Arts in Education: Vol. 92, No. 3, pp. 10-14.
Equivalent Time Temperature Model for Physical Aging and Temperature Effects on Polymer Creep and Relaxation

The equivalent time temperature method (ETT) is a novel extension of the equivalent time method. ETT is developed in this work to deal with time-temperature shifting of long-term polymer and polymer composite creep data, including the effects of physical aging at nonuniform temperature. Modifications to classical testing methods and protocols are presented to obtain accurate and repeatable data that can support long-term predictions with nonuniform temperature conditions through time. These techniques are used to generate momentary Time temperature superposition (TTSP) master curves, temperature shift factor rates, and aging shift factor rates. Novel interpretation and techniques are presented to deal with the coupled age-temperature behavior over long times. Validation of predictions against over 20,000 Hr of long-term data in field conditions is presented.
Metipranolol-associated granulomatous iritis

Purpose Topical metipranolol therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma has been associated with anterior granulomatous uveitis in the United Kingdom. We studied granulomatous uveitis reactions to topical metipranolol 0.3% therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma in two patients in the United States. Methods Two patients, aged 71 and 81 years, were given topical metipranolol 0.3% therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma. Results Both developed granulomatous uveitis. The iritis was associated with an increase in intraocular pressure in both patients and resolved on discontinuation of the drug. One patient was inadvertently rechallenged with metipranolol, and the iritis recurred. Conclusions Topical metipranolol 0.3% therapy may be associated with the development of granulomatous uveitis and a paradoxical increase in intraocular pressure.