cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Control of Interface Reactions in Microelectronic Systems

Multilayer, multicomponent architectures are ubiquitous in microelectronic systems over size scales ranging from microns to nanometers. During device fabrication and use reactions at component interfaces often occur and lead to both beneficial and deleterious product phases. The analysis of the reactions is an essential component in developing strategies for reaction control. An effective approach for the analysis of interface reactions is presented based upon the interpretation of the interface microstructure evolution in terms of the operative multicomponent diffusion pathway where the influence of initially steep concentration gradients is included in the examination of reaction phase sequencing. From the established diffusion pathway a novel kinetic biasing approach can be devised as a robust means to engineer thermodynamic and mechanical compatibility including the development of an in-situ diffusion barrier. The degree of kinetic control can be augmented further by means of tailoring the diffusion p...
Analytical Performance Issues: Quantifying Response Time in Carbon Monoxide Monitors to Produce High-Resolution Measurements

Carbon monoxide (CO) is typically measured with electrochemical sensing cells: The drawing of air into the sensing cell, the chemical reaction and signal transmission results in a delay in the logging of the actual CO concentration. At times, it is important to be able to accurately record the timing of changing CO concentration, which requires correction for the delay, or time-lag. The aim of this study was to quantify the time-scale of response of LASCAR EL-USB-CO monitors while CO concentrations were increasing and decreasing. We found that it is possible to reconstruct the real CO concentrations from the measured CO concentrations.
Computer Simulation Study of the Effect of Defects on Switching in Ferroelectric Thin Films.

A new computational method for simulating the dynamics of switching in ferroelectric materials is presented. The new method is shown to be more realistic for dynamic simulations and computationally more efficient than the traditional Monte Carlo method. The method is used to investigate the effect of polar defects on switching behavior. The results are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations of fatigue.
PULMONARY VEIN THROMBOSIS: IT’S NOT ALWAYS PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Pulmonary vein thrombosis is a rarely encountered disease entity that can have several different clinical presentations. It is usually associated with lung surgeries, lung carcinoma, mitral stenosis or as a complication of the radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure. It can lead to serious
Ovarian stimulation in the luteal phase: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether outcomes are different if controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is started in the luteal phase rather than the follicular phase. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Sixteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and eight studies with a total of 338 women were included in the quantitative analysis. Cycles initiated in the luteal phase were slightly longer (WMD 1.1 days, 95 % CI 0.39–1.9) and utilized more total gonadotropins (WMD 817 IU, 95 % CI 489–1144). However, no differences were noted in peak estradiol levels (WMD −411 pg/ml, 95 % CI −906–84.7) or in the total number of oocytes retrieved (WMD 0.52 oocytes, 95 % CI −0.74–1.7). There were slightly more mature oocytes retrieved in the luteal phase (WMD 0.77 oocytes, 95 % CI 0.21–1.3), and fertilization rates were significantly higher (WMD 10 %, 95 % CI 0.03–0.18). While only three studies reported pregnancy outcomes, no difference was noted in the FET pregnancy rates after COS in the luteal versus follicular phase (RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.56–1.7). A post hoc power analysis revealed that a sample of this size was sufficient to detect a clinically meaningful difference of 2 oocytes retrieved with 93 % power. Although initiating COS in the luteal phase requires a longer stimulation and a higher dose of total gonadotropin, these differences are not clinically significant. Furthermore, COS initiated in the luteal phase does not compromise the quantity or quality of oocytes retrieved compared to outcomes of traditional stimulation in the follicular phase.
When and how to treat the dyslipidemias.

Most lipoprotein abnormalities are diet induced, but some also have a genetic basis. A high total serum cholesterol is the key to case finding; levels of the major classes of lipoproteins may guide management of patients at risk. The cornerstone of therapy is a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol. If that proves inadequate, drugs may be selected from the increasing pharmacopeia.
Renale Fermentausscheidung bei der Aminonucleosid-Nephrose

Malatdehydrogenase (MDH) mit einem Molekulargewicht von 40000 aus endogener Quelle und exogen durch intraperitoneale Injektion zugefuhrt wird als Mas der makromolekularen Permeabilitat des Glomerulums von experimentell nephrotischen (Aminonucleosid) und gesunden Ratten verwendet.
Performance analyses and benchmarking for spintronic devices and interconnects

This paper presents a uniform interconnect-centric benchmarking for three spintronic devices that are based on spin diffusion, spin hall effect, and domain wall motion, respectively. Key design parameters, i.e. number of repeaters and magnitude of supply voltage, are optimized to reduce delay and energy-delay product (EDP). All-spin logic devices show the best delay at short interconnect lengths, and mLogic devices have small delay and EDP for long interconnects thanks to the small critical current. Compared with CMOS counterparts, spintronic interconnects generally have larger delays, while they may potentially have larger span-of-controls, imposing fewer constraints on the system in terms of repeater usage.
Does DFT+U mimic hybrid density functionals?

This work examines the question of how a Hubbard U correction to a local exchange–correlation functional compares with adding Hartree–Fock exchange to a local functional for both solid-state and molecular properties. We compute a solid-state property, namely the band gap, and thermochemical molecular properties, in particular, main-group bond energies, transition metal–ligand bond energies, and barrier heights, to elucidate whether the DFT+U method mimics hybrid DFT. We find that a calculation with a Hubbard U correction may or may not mimic a hybrid functional—depending on the atom, the subshell, and the property to which it is applied. For band gaps, we find that adding a Hubbard U correction to the valence d orbitals of transition metals increases the band gap, which thereby gets closer to the experimental value, while adding a Hubbard U correction to valence s or p orbitals of main-group elements need not always increase the band gap. For molecular thermochemistry, we find that adding a Hubbard U correction to a local density functional need not have the same effect as adding Hartree–Fock exchange to a local density functional. For example when compared to a DFT calculation with a local exchange-correlation functional, hybrid DFT increases the barrier height in all cases, but DFT+U does not always increase the barrier height. For the band gaps of transition metal monoxides, the Hubbard-corrected results lowered the mean errors significantly and were comparable to what could be achieved with a much more expensive hybrid functional, but for reaction barrier heights and bond energies of molecules, the Hubbard correction was found to lower the mean error by only approximately a kcal/mol. As part of the analysis, we also compare VASP and Gaussian 09 calculations for the same density functional.
The other end of the microscope

This entertaining new book offers a unique and fascinating look at the relationship between bacteria and humans. Told from the bacteria's perspective, the microbes use allegories and myths to illustrate their discontent with the ways in which humans have treated them, most notably the derogatory manner in which they often are named. The Other End of the Microscope provides readers with clever sketches of a variety of microbes. Their internal structure, niches and habitats, physiology, modes of survival, association with human diseases, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are covered - all from the bacteria's points of view. Readers will be delighted by the antics of these bacteria and will gain new insights into the activities of this hidden world, where microbes can protect themselves against virtually any natural or human-invented adversity. The fantasy culminates in a gathering at which the bacteria have a contest to rename Homo sapiens, in an attempt to sensitize humans to be more prudent in the naming of future species of bacteria, accentuating their positive, rather than negative, qualities. In turning the tables Dr. Koneman offers a unique way to see the world from a different perspective. Scientists, students and teachers, and the science-interested lay public will all be captivated, entertained, and educated by this extraordinary tale. Paperback, 207 pages, illustrated.
Originalism, Human Trafficking, and the Thirteenth Amendment

Human trafficking is often described as a form of “modern slavery” that violates the Thirteenth Amendment. Congress has passed an expansive scheme of civil and criminal human trafficking legislation on the premises that human trafficking is a “contemporary manifestation of slavery” and that the Thirteenth Amendment gives the U.S. Government power to eradicate it. But is this legally accurate?This Article argues that it is. Moreover, it argues that an originalist analysis of the Thirteenth Amendment leads to this conclusion. While human trafficking is not slavery in an originalist sense — because traffickers do not own their victims — the original meaning of the Amendment’s prohibition on involuntary servitude reaches the condition of every person who is forced to work for another. In addition, unlike other human-rights guarantees in the Constitution, the Amendment has historically pierced the state-action barrier and constricted purely private conduct — and originalism does not require otherwise. Finally, an originalist understanding of the Amendment’s enforcement clause permits Congress not only to punish particular forms of involuntary servitude, but also to attack four historical “markers” of involuntary servitude, in the same way that Congress has always been able to act against the historical “badges and incidents” of slavery.
Understanding the role of knowledge related to financial resources on decisions to attend graduate school

Although many factors exist as to why students choose not to pursue graduate study, one significant barrier is the lack of knowledge regarding financial resources available to pursue such study. To explore this, we developed and launched a pilot survey that probed student career plans, current and perceived financial resources, perceptions about the application process for graduate school and the role of finances in their decision to pursue an advanced degree. We also interviewed three undergraduate respondents to further elucidate their views of the utility of graduate degrees in their field and how they went about gathering knowledge about the financial support available for graduate studies. The findings confirmed that most undergraduate students begin to consider graduate school as juniors and seniors. While the participants most often selected financial factors as influencing their graduate school decisions, interviews showed that students amassed financial knowledge from their acquaintances within industry or from graduate students in other disciplines.
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens from radiation-induced venous stenosis

A 77-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of painful swelling of his right leg. He reported no trauma, no recent surgery, no history of thrombophilic disorder, and no prolonged immobilization. However, he had a history of prostate cancer, treated 10 years earlier with pelvic radiation.
Enhanced coercivity in Co-doped α-Fe2O3 cubic nanocrystal assemblies prepared via a magnetic field-assisted hydrothermal synthesis

Ferromagnetic Co-doped α-Fe2O3 cubic shaped nanocrystal assemblies (NAs) with a high coercivity of 5.5 kOe have been synthesized via a magnetic field (2 kOe) assisted hydrothermal process. The X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra of α-Fe2O3 and Co-doped α-Fe2O3 NAs confirms the formation of single-phase α-Fe2O3 with a rhombohedral crystal structure. Electron microscopy analysis depict that the Co-doped α-Fe2O3 NAs synthesized under the influence of the magnetic field are consist of aggregated nanocrystals (∼30 nm) and of average assembly size 2 μm. In contrast to the NAs synthesized with no magnetic field, the average NAs size and coercivity of the Co-doped α-Fe2O3 NAs prepared with magnetic field is increased by 1 μm and 1.4 kOe, respectively. The enhanced coercivity could be related to the well-known spin–orbit coupling strength of Co2+ cations and the redistribution of the cations. The size increment indicates that the small ferromagnetic nanocrystals assemble into cubic NAs with increased size ...
A new test for exemplar theory: Varying versus non-varying words in Spanish

We used a Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm to compare Spanish words in which the phonetic realization of /s/ can vary (word-medial positions: bu[s]to ~ bu[h]to ‘chest’, word-final positions: remo[s] ~ remo[h] ‘oars’) to words in which it cannot (word-initial positions: [s]opa ~ *[h]opa ‘soup’). At study, participants listened to lists of nine words that were phonological neighbors of an unheard critical item (e.g., popa, sepa, soja, etc. for the critical item sopa). At test, participants performed free recall and yes/no recognition tasks. Replicating previous work in this paradigm, results showed robust false memory effects: that is, participants were more likely to (falsely) remember a critical item than a random intrusion. When the realization of /s/ was consistent across conditions (Experiment 1), false memory rates for varying versus non-varying words did not significantly differ. However, when the realization of /s/ varied between [s] and [h] in those positions which allow it (Experiment 2), false recognition rates for varying words like busto were significantly higher than those for non-varying words like sopa. Assuming that higher false memory rates are indicative of greater lexical activation, we interpret these results to support the predictions of exemplar theory, which claims that words with heterogeneous versus homogeneous acoustic realizations should exhibit distinct patterns of activation.
Choice vs. Action: Candidate Ambiguity and Voter Decision Making

A rich literature argues that electoral incentives lead candidates to take ambiguous positions on issues. Furthermore, empirical research suggests that ambiguity does not repel — and may actually attract — voters. This work, however, equates choosing a candidate with paying the costs of voting for that candidate. We reconsider the relationship between candidate ambiguity and candidate preference moving beyond candidate choice and considering turnout as well. Integrating political science with research on consumer decision-making and psychology, we argue that many who select an ambiguous candidate do not translate that choice into an actual vote for that candidate. We test this argument using three experiments which incorporate costly voting and other electoral conditions heretofore absent from research on ambiguity.
Media Audiences as Interpretive Communities

An interpretive community is the site of the socially coordinated practices that raise the premises of interpretation for the content of media. Locating himself between the extremes of presented and constructed meaning, Lindlof places the horizon of interpretation at the boundaries of community membership. Reworking the concept of genre, he shows genres of content to be achievements of the interpreting community, genres of interpretation to develop across memberships, and introduces the notion of genres of social action to account for the multiple referents of mediated communication activity.
Income Distribution: Demographic Aspects

Demographic variables can have important effects on the distribution of income. This article discusses effects on inequality of three demographic variables: (a) age structure; (b) marriage and household composition; and (c) differential fertility by income. Research in each area demonstrates the complex dynamics of demographic change and measures of dispersion, with few simple predictions coming out of either theoretical or empirical analysis. The effects of age structure include both within-cohort and between-cohort effects. Theoretical and empirical analysis suggest that population aging is associated with an increase in within-cohort inequality. The between-cohort component is less predictable, however, and may neutralize the effect of rising within-cohort inequality. Similar decompositions are important in understanding the role of marriage. Increasing correlations in spouses' earnings have had a disequalizing effect in the US in recent decades, but this has been offset by declining inequality in women's wages. These offsetting components lead to widely differing conclusions about the role of increasing women's labor supply on family income inequality. The effects on inequality of differential fertility across income classes depends on patterns in intergenerational mobility. Models combining population dynamics with economic–demographic interactions have produced useful insights about the complex relationship between differential fertility and inequality.
The Relationship between Free-Living Daily Physical Activity and the Severity of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

The purposes of this study were to assess the magnitude of the reduction in free-living daily physical activity of claudicants compared with age-matched controls, and to examine the relationship between the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and free-living daily physical activity. Eighty-five PAOD patients with intermittent claudication and 59 non-PAOD subjects with a resting ankle/brachial index (ABI) of 0.63 +/- 0.20 and 1.21 +/- 0.08, respectively, were monitored for 2 consecutive weekdays with an accelerometer and pedometer worn on each hip. The times to onset and to maximal claudication pain were also measured in the claudicants during a graded treadmill test to assess the functional limitations imposed by PAOD. The PAOD group had a 42% lower energy expenditure as measured from the accelerometer (357 +/- 238 kcal/day versus 616 +/- 363 kcal/day; p < 0.001) and a 45% lower pedometer reading (4737 +/- 2712 steps/day versus 8672 +/- 4235 steps/day; p < 0.001) than the non-PAOD group. Furthermore, the relationship between free-living daily physical activity and ABI in PAOD patients was significant for both the accelerometer (r = 0.41; p < 0.001) and the pedometer (r = 0.41; p < 0.001). The rate of decline in free-living daily activity was 42 kcal/day and 612 steps/day per 0.10 drop in ABI. The correlation between free-living daily physical activity and time to maximal claudication pain (6:25 +/- 3:30 min:s) in the PAOD group was significant for both the accelerometer (r = 0.30; p = 0.05) and the pedometer (r = 0.36; p = 0.03). However, the time to onset of claudication pain (3:02 +/- 2:22 min:s) in the PAOD group was not related to either the accelerometer (r = -0.02; p = 0.86) or the pedometer (r = 0.18; p = 0.28) activity values. In conclusion, free-living daily physical activity was 42% to 45% lower in PAOD patients with intermittent claudication than in apparently healthy subjects of similar age. Moreover, claudicants were progressively more sedentary with an increase in PAOD severity.
Bimetallic Pt-Sn/Al2O3 and Pt-Au/SiO2 Catalysts: a Comparison of Reactivity, Adsorption Behavior and Microstructure

Abstract Two series of supported bimetallic catalysts containing 1 wt% platinum as the primary group VIII metal and varying contents of either gold or tin were prepared and characterized. The objective was to correlate the microstructure with the activity and selectivity trends in reactions of hydrogen with either n-hexane or neopentane. In a multifaceted characterization protocol, special emphasis was placed on temperature programmed reduction, chemisorption of H 2 , O 2 and CO, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, and analytical and high resolution electron microscopy. A major objective was to determine the state of the second metal and to assess the extent of solid solution or alloy formation in individual metal particles. The presence of gold manifested itself predominantly in terms of a geometric effect, breaking up larger ensembles of platinum. The behavior of the Pt-Sn catalysts was more complicated. Most of the tin was in a valence state of either Sn(II) or Sn(IV), according to XPS results, and most likely complexed with the alumina support. Tin was always located within close proximity to platinum particles. In a few instances, a few platinum-tin alloy particles were observed. However, they did not appear to play a significant role in controlling the catalytic behavior. Most of the platinum was present in monometallic form, with some particles in intimate contact with patches of ionic tin.
Molecular biology and regulatory aspects of glycogen biosynthesis in bacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current information, views, and concepts of regulation of enzyme activity and expression of the glycogen biosynthetic enzymes. Considerable evidence that glycogen biosynthesis is subject to genetic regulation was obtained prior to the current era of molecular biology studies. However, much information has recently been obtained with respect to genetic regulation of the expression of the biosynthetic enzymes. The structural genes of the glycogen biosynthetic enzymes of E . coli and S. typhimurium have been cloned, which has not only increased our knowledge of the genetic regulation of glycogen synthesis, but also permits, via oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the E. coli glgC gene, the structural gene encoding ADPGlc PPase, knowledge of various aspects of structure-function relationships concerning its catalytic and allosteric activity. However, the levels of glycogen biosynthetic enzymes in E . coli increase as cultures enter the stationary phase. The rate of glycogen synthesis is also inversely related to growth rate, when growth is limited for certain nutrients, e.g., nitrogen. When cells are grown in an enriched medium containing yeast extract and 1% glucose, the specific activities of ADPGlc PPase and glycogen synthase increase 11- to 12-fold, and that of glycogen branching enzyme increases fivefold, as cultures enter stationary phase.
One step ahead of the bulldozer: historic preservation in Houston, Texas

Community development corporations (CDCs) are often at the forefront of providing affordable housing and social services, restoring disinvested communities, and rebuilding neighborhoods. Most CDCs ...
Exposure to domestic violence as abuse and neglect: Constructions of child maltreatment in daily practice.

Abstract Research finds that exposure to domestic violence can adversely affect the emotional, behavioral, and physical health of children. These effects have led some child advocates and policymakers in the United States to conclude that child exposure to domestic violence (CEDV) is a type of child maltreatment warranting state intervention. However, few states have defined CEDV as a type of maltreatment in statute and little is known about how child welfare agencies respond to allegations of CEDV in the absence of other safety threats. This study considers that CEDV itself might prompt an initial child welfare referral and may be construed by workers as a type of statutory maltreatment. Using a random sample (n = 295) of case records, this study analyzed one large child welfare agency’s response to referrals alleging CEDV between 2011 and 2012. Findings indicate that CEDV itself did trigger investigation. At time of referral, workers used statutory maltreatment typologies to construe alleged CEDV as a type of maltreatment; however, CEDV was not consistently construed as a safety threat and few allegations were substantiated. Instead most families were referred to community-based domestic violence services. Findings indicate that CEDV was not consistently construed as a type of statutory maltreatment and infrequently resulted in ongoing child welfare services. Findings suggest that training is needed to help workers better assess CEDV-related safety threats. Findings also raise questions about what types of interventions are needed to protect children from domestic violence and which types of agencies are best positioned to deliver those interventions.
Virtual Applications Reduce Cyber Attack Surface for Test Program Sets and Station Software

The Department of Defense (DoD) spends significant amounts of money addressing software obsolescence and compatibility across the Enterprise. Cybersecurity concerns drive constant change in operating systems (OS), software, and hardware. Automated test systems are particularly impacted by these changes because Test Program Sets (TPS) are validated to detect specific faults, and then remain unchanged. To validate efficacy, faults are inserted into avionics to confirm the TPS correctly detects and isolates the fault. Many times faults are inserted to create circuit opens or shorts by unsoldering and lifting pins. This is a lengthy, costly process requiring expert engineers and technicians, access to the avionics, and risk to damage the good avionics in the process. Future changes to TPSs or station software increase uncertainty that previously detected faults will still be correctly isolated. A technical solution is needed to reduce cyber risk, while maintaining existing TPS and station software in a known good state. This research presents Virtual Applications as a solution with widespread applicability across the DoD, Industry, and Academia. Application virtualization is a process that packages computer programs and their dependencies from the underlying OS into a single executable bundle. Applications are then isolated from the host OS. In this paper, we present the latest virtual application development by the US Navy with specific examples from the Automated Test Equipment (ATE) community. Virtual Applications allow legacy software to continue functioning on modern hardware and operating systems, limit cyberattack surface of fielded systems, reduce total ownership cost, and reduce technical risk from changes to known good software.
Milligram-Scale Micro Aerial Vehicle Design for Low-Voltage Operation

We present a 70mg, 3cm wing-span, flapping wing aerial vehicle capable of generating up to 60mg of lift using an electromagnetic actuator with low-voltage input (≈5.5V). Its design is novel, with the actuation and transmission integrated into a single resonant mechanism, thus not requiring any small-linear-displacement amplifying stages seen in other works. It can produce ±45° wing strokes and ±45° wing plane rotations at 98Hz operation mimicking relevant insects at this size scale. With required input power of only 250mW, it is, to the best of our knowledge, the most energy efficient electromagnetic design at the sub-100mg scale reported to date, and an order of magnitude more efficient than all other electromagnetic works.
Structuring STEAM Inquiries: Lessons Learned from Practice

In this chapter, we share our journey of working with in-service elementary teachers in school-level professional learning communities as they develop, refine, and implement problem-based STEAM investigations in their classrooms with a critical focus on grade-level mathematics and science content and practices as defined by the Common Core State Standards and Next Generation Science Standards. Our work with elementary teachers has yielded several problem-based STEAM inquiries that authentically and meaningfully integrate content areas to solve real-world problems. We have explicitly focused on inquiries that infuse the arts to investigate its potential to engage more diverse learners – in some cases students who have not traditionally been drawn to STEM subjects. We provide readers with the following three concrete examples of classroom-tested inquiries that have successfully and meaningfully integrated all areas of STEAM: designing a prosthetic arm for a kindergartener, a paleontology investigation, and a closer look at the arts within roller-coaster engineering. We conclude by sharing lessons learned as we embark on implementing effective STEAM instruction in the elementary school setting, and we provide tips and helpful resources for readers wishing to engage in the implementation of high-quality STEAM instruction.
A Perfluorinated Carboxylic Sulfuric Anhydride: Microwave and Computational Studies of CF3COOSO2OH.

Trifluoroacetic sulfuric anhydride (CF3COOSO2OH, TFASA) and its deuterated isotopologue have been observed by pulsed-nozzle Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. TFASA was generated in situ in a supersonic expansion from the reaction of CF3COOH or CF3COOD with SO3. The spectrum, which was notably weaker than those of previously studied carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides, is that of a simple asymmetric rotor with no evidence of internal rotation of the CF3 group. Calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level indicate that the title compound is produced via a mechanism involving a concerted cycloaddition, analogous to that found for other carboxylic sulfuric anhydrides. The calculations further show that the equilibrium orientation of CF3 relative to the C═O bond changes upon formation of the anhydride, indicating that any path connecting the equilibrium structures of CF3COOH and CF3COOSO2OH necessarily includes both cycloaddition and internal rotation. CCSD(T)/complete basis set with double and triple...
Diagnosis and Management of Rhabdomyolysis in the Absence of Creatine Phosphokinase: A Medical Record Review

INTRODUCTION Rhabdomyolysis is often encountered in austere environments where the diagnosis can be challenging due to the expense or unavailability of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) testing. CPK concentration ≥5,000 U/L has previously been found to be a sensitive marker for progression to renal failure. This study sought to propose a model utilizing an alternate biomarker to allow for the diagnosis and monitoring of clinically significant rhabdomyolysis in the absence of CPK. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review of 77 patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with a primary diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. A linear regression model with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as the independent variable was developed and used to predict CPK ≥5,000 U/L on admission and CPK values on subsequent hospital days. The study was approved and monitored by the Institutional Review Board at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. RESULTS Ln(AST) explained over 80% of the variance in ln(CPK) (adjusted R2 = 0.802). The diagnostic accuracy to predict CPK ≥5,000 U/L was high (AUC 0.959; 95% CI: 0.921-0.997, P < 0.001). A cut point of AST ≥110 U/L in our study population had a 97.1% sensitivity and an 85.7% specificity for the detection of a CPK value ≥5,000 U/L. The agreement between actual CPK and predicted CPK for subsequent days of hospitalization was fair with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.38-0.63). The developed model based on day 1 data tended to overpredict CPK values on subsequent hospital days. CONCLUSIONS We propose a threshold concentration of AST that has an excellent sensitivity for detecting CPK concentration ≥5,000 U/L on day of admission in a patient population with a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. A formula with a fair ability to predict CPK levels based on AST concentrations on subsequent hospital days was also developed.
The PKC universe keeps expanding: From cancer initiation to metastasis.

Classical and novel protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes (c/nPKCs), members of the PKC family that become activated by the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) and phorbol esters, exert a myriad of cellular effects that impact proliferative and motile cellular responses. While c/nPKCs have been indisputably associated with tumor promotion, their roles exceed by far their sole involvement as promoter kinases. Indeed, this original dogma has been subsequently redefined by the introduction of several new concepts: the identification of tumor suppressing roles for c/nPKCs, and their participation in early and late stages of carcinogenesis. This review dives deep into the intricate roles of c/nPKCs in cancer initiation as well as in the different stages of the metastatic cascade, with great emphasis in their involvement in cancer cell motility via regulation of small Rho GTPases, the production of extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading proteases, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program required for the acquisition of highly invasive traits. Here, we highlight functional interplays between either PKCα or PKCe and mesenchymal features that may ultimately contribute to anticancer drug resistance in cellular and animal models. We also introduce the novel hypothesis that c/nPKCs may be implicated in the control of immune evasion through the regulation of immune checkpoint protein expression. In summary, dissecting the colossal complexity of c/nPKC signaling in the wide spectrum of cancer progression may bring new opportunities for the development of meaningful tools aiding for cancer prognosis and therapy.
Flexible Thermoelectric Films by Electrospinning

Flexible thermoelectric (TE) products that convert temperature difference into electrical energy can be used as textile materials to harvest human body heat into electrical power for portable, low-power microelectronic products. To this end, this study investigated a newly developed electrospinning process for producing flexible TE films. After electrospinning, thermoelectric properties of the test samples were extracted through a self-developed measurement apparatus for simple, accurate, and direct thermoelectric measurements. We then compared the results with the literature. According to the test data, potentials and challenges of electrospinning on flexible TE devices were finally discussed in this study.
O COMPUTADOR E A ARTE-EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS LIMITES E POTENCIALIDADES

The present text, with a hermeneutic approach, reflects on the limits and potentialities of the computer in the formative processes of the art-education of students. We start from the following problematizations: What are the meanings and perceptions of teachers in the pedagogical experiences of art-education with the use of the computer? Can the computer in everyday school stimulate the development of creative abilities in the subjects or simply alienate them? The study aims to understand the relations of art-education and the ways of teaching and learning through the computer, in view of its potentialities and the perceptions of pedagogical experiences for the development of sensitive and singular knowledge in the world. We start from the hypothesis that the computer is often taken over an impoverished and operationalized representation, as something manufactured for consumption, which generates the loss of expressive, communicational sense and the fugacity of this cultural instrument in education. In turn, when stimulated by an artistic and sensitive look, it can be (re)created in new sociocultural manifestations,producing aesthetic-formative meanings and experiences in the field of art-education. We conclude that the computer is a human construction with potential for the promotion of creative creation and new sensitivities in the field of art-education, which can cause ruptures in educational modeling by the transformations itself that is able to engender in pedagogical practices.
Victimization Prevention and Awareness on College Campuses: Interconnection Between Title IX and #MeToo

The #MeToo movement centers on raising awareness of risky situations for victimization and encourages the general community to intervene in these situations. Similarly, sexual violence awareness programming that take place on college campuses throughout the academic year can prime individuals to be active bystanders. Except for a handful of systematically evaluated bystander intervention programs, however, it is unclear how informal sexual violence awareness programming affects actual intervention behaviors. The link between prior victimization and bystander intervention is also not well understood. Given these gaps in research, the current study examines how exposure to sexual violence awareness programming and prior victimization are associated with bystander intervention. In particular, we consider the intersection of prior sexual victimization and participating in sexual violence awareness programming on campus. Utilizing a sample of 735 college students from a four-year southeastern university, the results of the current study demonstrate victims of sexual violence who attend sexual violence awareness programming are less likely to intervene. The findings of the current study highlight the importance of program design and suggest that increased attention to the problem of sexual violence does not necessarily translate into bystander intervention. Overall, this may run counter to goals of the #MeToo movement and deserves further attention. Avenues for future research are discussed.
The Mortgage Market as a Stimulus Channel in the COVID-19 Crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic mortgage forbearance programs are valuable, providing relief to approximately 2 million homeowners. At the same time, aggressive Federal Reserve intervention has decreased mor...
Low-Loss THz Sommerfeld Mode on a Superconducting Niobium Wire for Millimeter-Wave Interconnects

Ongoing progress in the development of superconducting microwave circuits has highlighted the additional vital challenge of transmitting quantum information robustly. As a practical solution to this problem, we propose to propagate a low loss (∼ −0.004 dB/m) TM Sommerfeld mode on the surface of a superconducting niobium wire held between transmitters and receivers or between different quantum systems. Here we present simulations performed in ANSYS-HFSS pertaining to this mode along with the theoretical results obtained for a niobium wire at THz frequencies and temperatures of a few Kelvin.
Toward Designing Social Human-Robot Interactions for Deep Space Exploration.

In planning for future human space exploration, it is important to consider how to design for uplifting interpersonal communications and social dynamics among crew members. What if embodied social robots could help to improve the overall team interaction experience in space? On Earth, social robots have been shown effective in providing companionship, relieving stress and anxiety, fostering connection among people, enhancing team performance, and mediating conflicts in human groups. In this paper, we introduce a set of novel research questions exploring social human-robot interactions in long-duration space exploration missions.
Equality of the Signs of and of a Chemical Reaction – Mandatory Thermodynamic Requirement and a Criterion for the Validity of Calculated Thermodynamic Data

Thermodynamic reasons are presented showing that and of a chemical reaction must be of the same sign. Available experimental evidence supports this rule in the majority of cases. Analysis shows that, because the equality of and signs is required by thermodynamics, any data in apparent disagreement with this rule are to be reexamined. Furthermore, the equality of and signs for a chemical reaction can be considered as an independent criterion for the validity of calculated thermodynamic data.
Special Populations: Cardiac Arrest

This chapter provides the reader with an introduction to the management of emergent vascular access for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Special attention is paid to difficulties arising as a result of the emergent nature of cardiac arrest resuscitation, including difficulties in generating adequate organ and limb perfusion. Available vascular access techniques are discussed, including the evidence for preferring one vascular access device over another. A potential algorithm for managing emergent vascular access for this clinical condition is described.
A focus group study to inform design of a symptom management intervention for adults with atrial fibrillation

Background Current symptom management approaches for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) focus on addressing heart rhythm and do not include management of behavioral or emotional contributors to symptom manifestation or severity. Objective To inform content development of a digitally delivered AF symptom self-management program by exploring patients' experiences of the impact of AF symptoms and their perspectives on behavioral approaches to symptom management. Methods This was a qualitative study of 3 focus groups composed of adults living with symptomatic AF. Group transcripts underwent thematic content analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Themes were matched to available self-management strategies that could be adapted for use in a digitally delivered AF symptom self-management program. Results Six major themes (with subthemes) were identified: symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, stress/other negative emotions, AF-specific symptoms, heart rhythm); social aspects (social impact, social support); AF treatments (medication, procedures); health behaviors (sleep, physical activity, hydration, breathing/mindfulness/relaxation); positive emotions; and AF education and information gathering. Symptom self-management strategies were identified that could be used to address these symptom-related themes. Conclusion Patients with AF reported a wide range of emotional, physical, and social impacts of the condition. They endorsed attempts to self-manage symptoms and an interest in learning more about how to effectively self-manage. Findings indicate the potential for a digital self-management program to address existing gaps in AF symptom–related care.
The Far Reach of Hurricane Maria

Environmental degradation raises the frequency of natural disasters, and the growing reliance on global value chains exposes domestic labor markets to the ripple effects of these international calamities. To date, we know relatively little about such implications for U.S. labor markets. We leverage the significant disruption of Puerto Rican production and exports due to Hurricane Maria to study the spillover effects on employment in mainland U.S. labor markets. We find that the reduction in Puerto Rican import competition raises U.S. employment and the number of manufacturing establishments, particularly among pharmaceutical sectors with the highest level of industry exposure.
Role of the 6-phosphomannosyl-enzyme receptor in intracellular transport and adsorptive pinocytosis of lysosomal enzymes.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the evidence that the recognition marker on lysosomal enzymes contains mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P). The chapter describes experiments that suggest that the main function of the Man-6-P recognition marker in lysosomal enzymes and its receptor in membranes in mammalian cells is to provide an intracellular transport system for segregating lysosomal enzymes from other products of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and for transferring newly synthesized enzymes from the ER to lysosomes. A model is presented in the chapter for intracellular transport of acid hydrolases that proposes that newly synthesized enzymes receive the Man-6-P recognition marker and bind to Man-6-P receptors, which collect into specialized vesicles that bud off as primary lysosomes and segregate newly synthesized acid hydrolases from products of the ER that are destined for secretion. Similar receptors on the cell surface of fibroblasts mediate adsorptive pinocytosis of acid hydrolases from the extracellular medium, though this pathway is a minor one.
Turn of Season

He was living then in the old house on Huron Street with Kelly and his mother. The fall of the year. Bursts of rain. Storms of snow. Freeze and melt. Leaves in the air, leaves on the ground. The earth becoming cold, the woods emptying, the woods becoming silent. Dusk. Scattered noisy migrant waterfowl landed on black waters, gathered, became still, were subdued by night, then raucous their departure in first of day. Deer season coming. He found a bait pile, cabbages, apples, rutabagas, lettuce. It was an old farm, falling outbuildings, an abandoned house. He had come out of the woods into the grownover pasture. The house was at the far side of the pasture away from him, the sun low, the woods dark, but the house south facing, sun on it across the pasture. It looked to be as if there were someone yet there. He knew there was not. An empty place falling down. Inside and out. The bait was near the house, dumped where the lane came in at the side. Deer would come around by way of the woods into the open by the house and find it. There would be a blind. He looked around, saw the brush heap over toward the fallen outhouse. The shot was less than fifty yards. He crossed the pasture to the house. The door was off. He went in, two rooms down, one up, broken windows, a piece of old stove grate, other scatterings, a round enameled dishpan on a nail by the sink, an arm broken rocker. He stood by the rocker and looked out the window, a shed partly fallen, a garden grown over, the pasture grown up, a once plowed field might have been potatoes, beyond it a pond, a few spruce, a mixed stand of maple and popple, a down slope to a stream. There were blueberries, a woodshed about to fall over. It was too late in the year for the berries, a few only wrinkled on stems missed by bear and raccoon.
Data mining for knowledge acquisition in engineering design

Recently knowledge capturing in the design process using data mining techniques has attracted attentions from researchers. In this paper, we focus on how designers apply their knowledge and find ways to proceed with their design in given design situations. This design know-how is the knack for a design to be successful. In order to automatically capture the design know-how through design processes without overburdening designers, we 1) — introduced an object-oriented CAD system for data gathering, 2) — proposed a three-layer design process model to represent generic design processes, and 3) — developed a method, called Extended Dynamic Programming (EDP), to extract know-how knowledge from the gathered design process data. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by a gear design prototype system Gear-CAD.