cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Motion and Deformation of a Bubble Rising in a Viscoelastic Fluid

A finite element code based on the level set method is developed for performing two and three dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of viscoelastic two-phase flow problems. The Oldroyd-B constitutive equation is used to model the viscoelastic liquid and both transient and steady state shapes of bubbles in viscoelastic buoyancy driven flows are studied. The influence of the governing dimensionless parameters, namely the Capillary number (Ca), the Deborah Number (De) and the polymer concentration parameter c, on the deformation of the bubble is also analyzed. Our simulations demonstrate that the rise velocity oscillates before reaching a steady value. The shape of the bubble, the magnitude of velocity overshoot and the amount of damping depend mainly on the parameter c and the bubble radius. Simulations also show that there is a critical bubble volume at which there is a sharp increase in the bubble terminal velocity as the increasing bubble volume increases, similar to the behavior observed in experiments. The structure of the wake of a bubble rising in a Newtonian fluid is strikingly different from that of a bubble rising in a viscoelastic fluid. In addition to the two recirculation zones at the equator of the bubble rising in a Newtonian fluid, two more recirculation zones exist in the wake of a bubble rising in viscoelastic fluids which influence the shape of a rising bubble. Interestingly, the direction of motion of the fluid a short distance below the trailing edge of a bubble rising in a viscoelastic fluid is in the opposite direction to the direction of the motion of the bubble, thus creating a “negative wake”. In this paper, the velocity field in the wake of the bubble, the effect of the parameters on the velocity field and their influence on the shape of the bubble are also investigated.© 2006 ASME
Stereoselective degradation of aqueous endosulfan in modular estuarine mesocosms: formation of endosulfan gamma-hydroxycarboxylate

Solutions of α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, and technical grade endosulfan (70α∶30β) were added to modular estuarine mesocosms; the kinetics and degradation products from each mesocosm are reported. The persistent product endosulfan sulfate was generated in all cases; however, its yield was approximately a factor of three higher from α-endosulfan relative to β-endosulfan. β-endosulfan hydrolyzed faster than α-endosulfan to endosulfan diol, which then rapidly degraded to endosulfan ether, endosulfan α-hydroxyether (major product), and endosulfan lactone. The ring-opened form of the lactone, endosulfan γ-hydroxycarboxylate, is reported for the first time; it appears to be a terminal product, at least over the timescale of the experiment. The equilibrium between endosulfan γ-hydroxycarboxylate and endosulfan lactone is dependent on pH, as only the protonated form of the γ-hydroxy acid undergoes ring-closure. The pKa of the γ-hydroxy acid was determined to be 5.7, implying that the lactone will quickly open and deprontonate under environmentally relevant conditions.
A Web-Based Process for Creating Parametric Cost Models for Product Design Trade Studies

This paper proposes a method for creating a parametric cost model established on the foundation of the product design generator methodology to provide early estimates of production cost and manufacturing cycle-time during preliminary design. This is accomplished by capturing the manufacturing process and knowledge associated with the product and its production. The relationships between design decisions and manufacturing costs are explicitly exposed making the cost estimation process reusable and repeatable. Designers can now clearly assess the profitability of their design, identify appropriate trade-offs between engineering requirements and production costs, and alter the design accordingly.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Corticotropin-releasing factor overexpression decreases ethanol drinking and increases sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol

Rationale Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) may play a significant role in drug and alcohol abuse.
Application of Newton's law to body cooling

Newton's law of cooling was used to analyze the fall in rectal temperature post mortem in 55 cases during refrigeration in a mortuary. As with solids of low thermal conductivity, there was an initial curvilinearity to the semilog plot lasting 1 to 11 hours (related to pelvic circumference) while the proper internal temperature distribution was becoming established. Thereafter there was a linear trend representing a constant percent cooling rater 1 which lasted up to 24 hours for adults. This was followed by a less steep trend of cooling rater 2, which was 37% less thanr 1. This diminution in cooling rate occurred when the rectal temperature fell below 10°C and was ascribed to a reduction in the thermal diffusivity of fat.r 1 had the highest correlation with pelvic circumference. For the nude body in still airr 1=15.6% to 18.4% (T r −T a )/hour for children, 3.8% to 9.4% for adults. Wind increasedr 1; the decrease due to clothing was questionable because of the paucity of cases.
Role of cerebral cortex in the neuropathology of Huntington's disease

An expansion of glutamine repeats in the N-terminal domain of the huntingtin protein leads to Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the presence of involuntary movements, dementia, and psychiatric disturbances. Evaluation of postmortem HD tissue indicates that the most prominent cell loss occurs in cerebral cortex and striatum, forebrain regions in which cortical pyramidal neurons (CPNs) and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the most affected. Subsequent evidence obtained from HD patients and especially from transgenic mouse models of HD indicates that long before neuronal death, patterns of communication between CPNs and MSNs become dysfunctional. In fact, electrophysiological signaling in transgenic HD mice is altered even before the appearance of the HD behavioral phenotype, suggesting that dysfunctional cortical input to the striatum sets the stage for the emergence of HD neurological signs. Striatal MSNs, moreover, project back to cortex via multi-synaptic connections, allowing for even further disruptions in cortical processing. An effective therapeutic strategy for HD, therefore, may lie in understanding the synaptic mechanisms by which it dysregulates the corticostriatal system. Here, we review literature evaluating the molecular, morphological, and physiological alterations in the cerebral cortex, a key component of brain circuitry controlling motor behavior, as they occur in both patients and transgenic HD models.
The USC school of social work faculty technology workshop

The USC School of Social Work runs an annual, week long training for faculty. This intensive workshop has become known as the school's "Boot Camp" or "Tech Camp". The faculty are expected to attend 9am to 4pm, Monday thru Friday. We feed them lunch and snacks every day to keep them on-site and on schedule. At the end of the workshop each faculty member is expected to give a five to ten minute lecture or guide an activity that will demonstrate what they have learned.
MANOVA with covariates and an application in profile analysis

The problem herein considered may be stated as follows: given a set of identically distributed random vectors from a population with mean vector m, suppose it be known that certain elements of m are zero; how may one now test the hypothesis that the remaining elements of m are also zero? Power comparisons are made which provide evidence contrary t o a speculation of C. R. Rao ( 1966). An application to Profile Analysis i s noted and our conclusions are that a currently prescrlbed test in Profile Analysis should be reconsidered.
Jails and Jailing in Monroe County, Indiana

This is a story of a U.S. Midwest college town’s movements to build bigger and better jails. It is a story of losing resistance to building a jail in 1986 to broadening resistance to a newer and bigger “justice campus,” which has stalled. It emerges that the biggest contributor to current jail population is non-bailable revocation of suspended sentences on technicalities that do not in themselves constitute crimes.
Electrodynamically and thermally driven flux flow in type I superconductors

A high resolution magneto-optic method employing EuS:EuF2 films has been used to observe directly the dynamic intermediate state induced by the passage of an electric current or a heat current through thin slabs of the superconductors Pb, In and Sn. The observed flux flow velocities have been compared with and show reasonably good agreement with recent theoretical work by Andreev and Dzhikaev, if allowance is made for the effects of pinning. A detailed examination has been made of the region close to the critical current in the electric current induced motion. In the case of the thermally induced motion the existence of two competing mechanisms driving flux, as was recently suggested by Laeng and Rinderer, has been confirmed. Comparison has been made with theoretical models, again with some agreement and some disagreement.
Cellular proliferation and macrophage influx precede interstitial fibrosis in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity

Cellular proliferation and macrophage influx precede interstitial fibrosis in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Chronic cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity is a major complication of solid organ transplantation, and is characterized histologically by striped tubulointerstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and hyalinization of the afferent arteriole, a highly specific finding in cyclosporine injury. The salt-depleted rat model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy mimics these lesions in humans. We conducted sequential studies of this model in groups of pair fed rats (N = 6) treated with CsA (15 mg/kg, s.q.) or an equivalent dose of olive oil. Proliferation of tubular and interstitial cells was documented early in the medulla by day 5 (3.2 ± 2.1 vs. 0.81 ± 0.4 cells/HPF in CsA vs. control, P Cr ) and decreased medullary concentrating ability, which stabilized despite progressive fibrosis. These cellular events may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.
Single, double, and triple silver centers bound by a tetradentate N,P ligand

Abstract The novel ligand 2-(bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl))picolylamine, BPMP-2, is synthesized via a one pot Mannich condensation reaction. The multidentate nature of BPMP-2 is manifested through the incorporation of two phosphorus and two nitrogen moieties, and is reported with various Ag(I) salts. Regardless of the Ag(I) salt used (BF4−, CF3SO3−, CF3CO2−), in the reaction of one equivalent of Ag(I) with two equivalents of BPMP-2 the coordination preference of the ligand is to chelate Ag(I) through the two phosphorus atoms and form the discrete structure, [Ag(BPMP-2)2][X] (1: X = BF4−, S1: X = tfa−, and S2: X = OTf−). In the 1:1 reaction of AgBF4 with BPMP-2, a dimer ([Ag(BPMP-2)]2[BF4]2, 2) is formed. Addition of 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-dipyridyl (bpy) results in more complex discrete structures, [Ag3(BPMP-2)(bpy)3][BF4]3 (3) and (Agtfa)4(BPMP-2)2(bpy)2 (4). Characterization of these coordination complexes includes multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and fluorometric studies.
Functionalism's Methodological Predicament

Soulevant avec N. Goodman la question de la distinction entre le mental et le non-mental, l'A. examine la condition methodologique de la these fonctionnaliste concernant les attitudes propositionnelles et les etats phenomenaux, c'est-a-dire le fonctionnalisme comprehensif, d'une part, et le fonctionnalisme partiel, d'autre part. Examinant l'hypothese de la theorie de l'erreur et de l'illusion d'un acces privilegie, l'A. montre que chaque theorie fonctionnaliste sacrifie les intuitions psychologiques qui les fondent.
The prolog phenomenon

In 1968, Carl Hewitt introduce PLANNER, a "procedural deductive system." [Hewitt 72] It featured some very innovative concepts for the theorem-proving community of that time: the procedural interpretation of deduction, pattern-directed procedure invocation, an indexed data base of assertions and programs, and nondeterminism (backtracking). A simple version was implemented by Sussman, Winograd and Charniak [Sussman 71] and used by Winograd in his exciting work on natural language. [Winograd 72] A very similar language, QA4, was implemented on the West Coast. [Rulifson 72] These languages, known by the ambitious term "AI languages," were widely perceived as providing built-in facilities that everyone would need for the next generation of AI systems, the way LISP had provided facilities for the previous one.
Spermadsorption and spermagglutination by mycoplasmas.

Adsorption of bovine and human spermatozoa to colonies of mycoplasmas has been demonstrated, as well as spermagglutination by an avian mycoplasma. These phenomena show some similarity to haemadsorption and haemagglutination by mycoplasmas.
Free segmental vastus lateralis muscle flap for reconstruction of recalcitrant defects of the cleft hard palate.

Introduction Large recalcitrant defects of the anterior palate due to clefting are difficult to close with local tissues. In some cases distant tissue transfer may be the only option. Free segmental vastus lateralis muscle with its long high-caliber pedicle and low donor-site morbidity may be a good option. Patient/Method An 8-year-old girl with bilateral cleft lip and palate was evaluated for a defect in the anterior hard palate. She had four failed palate closures resulting in a 3.2 × 2.8 cm defect with severely scarred surrounding palatal tissues and severely hypernasal speech. A vastus lateralis muscle with a 7-cm pedicle was prepared. Only a 5 × 4 × 1 cm segment of muscle was harvested based on segmental motor innervations, thus sparing 90% of the remaining muscle. Vessels were anastomosed to the facial artery and vein through a facial tunnel. The flap was directed into the palatal defect via the right alveolar cleft and sutured in a fashion to prevent dehiscence and fistulization. Results The surface of the flap mucosalized over an 8-week period. The defect was completely closed. The speech markedly improved. There was no donor-site morbidity. Conclusion Free segmental vastus lateralis muscle offers easy harvest, a two-team approach, long pedicle length, a highly vascularized flap, and no functional loss.
Contribution of the intra-specimen variations in tissue mineralization to PTH- and raloxifene-induced changes in stiffness of rat vertebrae

The intra-specimen spatial variation in mineralization of bone tissue can be changed by drug treatments that alter bone remodeling. However, the contribution of such changes to the overall biomechanical effect of a treatment on bone strength is not known. To provide insight into this issue, we used a rat model to determine the effects of ovariectomy, parathyroid hormone, and raloxifene (vs. sham) on the contribution of spatial variations in mineralization to treatment-induced changes in vertebral stiffness. Mineral density was measured from 6-microm voxel-sized quantitative micro-CT scans. Whole-vertebral and trabecular stiffness values were estimated using finite element analysis of these micro-CT scans, first including all intra-specimen variations in mineral density in the model and then excluding such variations by using a specimen-specific average density throughout each specimen. As expected, we found appreciable effects of treatment on overall bone stiffness, the effect being greater for the trabecular compartment (up to 52% reduction vs. sham, p<0.0001) than the whole vertebra (p=0.055). Intra-specimen mean mineralization was not changed with treatment but the intra-specimen variation in mineralization was, although the effect was small (4%). Intra-specimen spatial variations in mineralization accounted for 10-12% and 5-6% of overall stiffness of the trabecular compartment and whole vertebral body, respectively. However, after accounting for all treatment effects on bone geometry and trabecular microstructure, any treatment effects due to changes in mineralization were negligible (<2%), although statistically detectable (p<0.02). We conclude that, despite a role in the general biomechanical behavior of bone, the spatial variations in tissue mineralization, as measured by quantitative micro-CT, did not appreciably contribute to ovariectomy-, PTH-, or raloxifene-induced changes in stiffness of the whole bone or the trabecular compartment in these rat vertebrae.
Moral Reasoning and Premarital Sexual Behavior: Toward Reasoning about Relationships

Sexual behavior is the result of a relationship-based decision-making process focusing on the morality of the contemplated behaviors and the implications of those behaviors for the relationship. Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental theory of moral reasoning is used as a framework for understanding the moral reasoning processes involved in sexual decision-making. Research which examines the association of moral reasoning to sexual standards, sexual philosophy, sex guilt, and sexual behavior is discussed. It is suggested that sexual involvement is a moral issue reflecting decisions about the quality of interpersonal relationships desired by the partners. A cognitive-developmental model for understanding interpersonal relationships is proposed and three levels of relationship reasoning are described.
Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oral Warts among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Seropositive Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: An Emerging Infection

Oral warts are a manifestation of human papillomavirus infection that have been noted infrequently in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A nested case-control study was conducted to assess rates of and risk factors for oral warts among a cohort of HIV-seropositive patients. From 1997 through 1999, 56 patients with oral warts were identified among 2194 HIV-positive patients attending an urban oral health center (prevalence, 2.6%). Incident cases of oral warts were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed in 1999 than they were in 1997-1998 (P=.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the risk of oral warts was associated with a >/=1-log(10) decrease in HIV RNA level in the 6 months before diagnosis of oral warts (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-5.11) and with serologic evidence of chronic or previous infection with hepatitis B virus (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.31-5.41). The incidence of oral warts in HIV-seropositive patients appears to be increasing in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Oral warts were associated with reductions in virus load, which suggests that this may in part be related to immune reconstitution.
Liquid-phase sintering of alumina coated with magnesium aluminosilicate glass

Densification of alumina coated with a MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (MAS) glass was investigated from 1400° to 1460°C. Spinel was observed to form at the liquid-alumina interface, whereas mullite crystallized uniformly in the liquid. Spinel and mullite crystallization kinetics were accelerated by smaller alumina particle size. Mullite and spinel crystallization retarded densification by forming a percolating network. Boron doping suppressed spinel formation, and thus alumina sintered to higher densities at low temperature. The concept of glass basicity is proposed as a useful guide for selecting dopants for low-temperature sintering.
Crash Test Dummies? The Impact of Televised Automotive Crash Tests on Vehicle Sales and Securities Markets

Abstract Broadcasts of Insurance Institute for Highway Safety high-speed automotive crash tests on NBC’s Dateline do not affect either market shares or stock prices. However, injury claims within a market class are highly correlated with crash test ratings. Inattention to the tests may be a consequence of the manner in which the crash tests have been presented and because the crashworthiness of the U.S. vehicle fleet is positively correlated with consumer estimates of expected vehicle safety.
Spirituality and Marital Satisfaction in African American Couples

This study examined the relationship between spiritual experiences of African Americans and their marital quality. Couples (N 487) completed measures of marital quality as well as a daily spiritual experience measure and an index of religiosity. Using the standard Quality Marriage Index, actor and partner effects were found for both spouses, and these remained when religiosity was controlled. Support was also obtained for two separate dimensions of marital quality comprising evaluations of positive and negative aspects of the relationship. Husbands’ spirituality was strongly inversely related to own negative marital quality whereas actor effects for wives were almost equal in absolute magnitude for both dimensions. Taking overall marital quality into account, the spirituality-negative dimension association was significantly stronger for husbands than wives. These results are discussed in terms of behaviors that may enhance spiritual experiences and factors that may mediate their relationship to marital quality.
Coronary artery disease in patients with psoriasis referred for coronary angiography.

Patients with psoriasis may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether psoriasis is associated with an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of established cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing coronary angiography. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed by linking records of all patients undergoing coronary angiography from 2004 through 2009 with dermatology medical records. From an overall cohort of 9,473 patients, we identified 204 patients (2.2%) with psoriasis before coronary angiography. Patients with psoriasis had higher body mass index (31.3 ± 8.1 vs 29.3 ± 7.1 kg/m(2), p 8 years was also independently associated with angiographically confirmed CAD after adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted odds ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 9.6, p = 0.02). In conclusion, patients with psoriasis and especially those with psoriasis for >8 years have a higher prevalence of CAD than patients without psoriasis undergoing coronary angiography.
Exhaust Cloud Rise and Growth for Apollo Saturn Engines

Empirical and analytical results have been reduced from time-lapse photographs of exhaust clouds during the launch of Apollo 10, 14, 15, and 16 from the Kennedy Space Center. Theoretical predictions of the buoyant cloud rise and growth compare very favorably to actual measurements. The mathematical model predicts with engineering accuracy the terminal altitude and size of the clouds. A principal input to MSFC's multilayer diffusion model is top height of the exhaust cloud. It is this characteristic dimension that is the main subject of this report. An interesting occurrence during launch is the formation of bimodal exhaust cloud which is due to the north-south oriented flame trench directly beneath the base of the vehicle. This study has added considerable information on engine exhaust cloud rise and growth which is essential to the study of atmospheric dispersal in time and space.
Estimating Aquifer Channel Recharge Using Optical Data Interpretation

Recharge through intermittent and ephemeral stream channels is believed to be a primary aquifer recharge process in arid and semiarid environments. The intermittent nature of precipitation and flow events in these channels, and their often remote locations, makes direct flow and loss measurements difficult and expensive. Airborne and satellite optical images were interpreted to evaluate aquifer recharge due to stream losses on the Frio River in south-central Texas. Losses in the Frio River are believed to be a major contributor of recharge to the Edwards Aquifer. The results of this work indicate that interpretation of readily available remote sensing optical images can offer important insights into the spatial distribution of aquifer recharge from losing streams. In cases where upstream gauging data are available, simple visual analysis of the length of the flowing reach downstream from the gauging station can be used to estimate channel losses. In the case of the Frio River, the rate of channel loss estimated from the length of the flowing reach at low flows was about half of the loss rate calculated from in-stream gain-loss measurements. Analysis based on water-surface width and channel slope indicated that losses were mainly in a reach downstream of the mapped recharge zone. The analysis based on water-surface width, however, did not indicate that this method could yield accurate estimates of actual flow in pool and riffle streams, such as the Frio River and similar rivers draining the Edwards Plateau.
Modeling Controlled Switches and Diodes for Electro-Thermal Simulation

Designers of advanced power converters may choose from a variety of switching device models for simulation. Some situations call for simple idealized models, while others require physics-based models. When evaluating thermal system performance, a behavioral model that includes both conduction and switching losses is desired. A set of models has been developed to include both unidirectional devices, such as IGBTs, BJTs, and diodes, and bidirectional devices, such as MOSFETs. Logic and timing elements are used to insert voltage and current sources into the circuit at appropriate times. All losses affect circuit operation, so simulation can accurately predict losses when the load affects the switching pattern. The model was constructed in Dymola and included thermal ports to be attached to a model of the thermal system. Temperature dependency of device parameters can be included with minor modifications. Experimental verification is shown
People Skills: Optimizing Team Development and Performance

This is another in a series of articles about some of the most effective models, methods, and processes of organization development (OD), also known as change management, a discipline that offers much to professionals intent on solving real-world problems. Because it is based on a systemic view of organizations, OD includes the whole universe of fuzzy people issues that increasingly determine the success or failure of efforts to implement otherwise flawless technical solutions. This article examines the stages of group development, the role that conflict plays in the process, and the importance of conflict management in group development and team performance. It also provides ideas for developing high-performing teams based on the application of established change management principles and practices.
Assessing the Generalizability of Randomized Trial Results to Target Populations

Recent years have seen increasing interest in and attention to evidence-based practices, where the “evidence” generally comes from well-conducted randomized trials. However, while those trials yield accurate estimates of the effect of the intervention for the participants in the trial (known as “internal validity”), they do not always yield relevant information about the effects in a particular target population (known as “external validity”). This may be due to a lack of specification of a target population when designing the trial, difficulties recruiting a sample that is representative of a prespecified target population, or to interest in considering a target population somewhat different from the population directly targeted by the trial. This paper first provides an overview of existing design and analysis methods for assessing and enhancing the ability of a randomized trial to estimate treatment effects in a target population. It then provides a case study using one particular method, which weights the subjects in a randomized trial to match the population on a set of observed characteristics. The case study uses data from a randomized trial of school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS); our interest is in generalizing the results to the state of Maryland. In the case of PBIS, after weighting, estimated effects in the target population were similar to those observed in the randomized trial. The paper illustrates that statistical methods can be used to assess and enhance the external validity of randomized trials, making the results more applicable to policy and clinical questions. However, there are also many open research questions; future research should focus on questions of treatment effect heterogeneity and further developing these methods for enhancing external validity. Researchers should think carefully about the external validity of randomized trials and be cautious about extrapolating results to specific populations unless they are confident of the similarity between the trial sample and that target population.
Non-random resorption of oocytes in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Resorption of terminal oocytes was investigated in 3 species of grasshoppers, Melanoplus femurrubrum femurrubrum (DeGeer), M. scudderi (Uhler), and Hippiscus ocelote (Saussure). Significant differences in percentage resorption were found between species. Anterior ovarioles resorbed terminal oocytes more frequently than ovarioles in the middle and posterior regions of the ovaries. Resorption of terminal oocytes due to differences in relative ovariole age does not appear to be a factor in percentage resorption based on the lengths of developing terminal oocytes. There was no difference in percentage resorption of terminal oocytes between ovaries.
Is there a risk of cytomegalovirus transmission during in vitro fertilization with donated oocytes

Abstract Objective: To define the risk of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) transmission from donated oocytes. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University IVF program. Patient(s): Sixty-seven couples undergoing 72 cycles of IVF-ET. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Serum from both partners (women: n=71; men: n=60) was obtained for detection of antibodies to HCMV. Semen before preparation (n = 53), sperm after preparation (Percoll gradient; n=47), cervical mucus aspirated at the time of oocyte aspiration (n = 70), and uninseminated oocytes and embryos not suitable for cryopreservation (n = 568) were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Polymerase chain reaction was used for detection of HCMV (immediate early 1 gene) in all samples collected. Result(s): Serum antibodies to HCMV were found in 62% of the women and 37% of the men tested. Human cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in 25% of the ejaculates and in 19% of the cervical mucus samples. There was no amplification of HCMV DNA from oocytes or embryos. Conclusion(s): Because we were unable to amplify HCMV DNA from any of the oocytes or embryos, it seems unlikely that HCMV is transmissible through oocyte or embryo donation.
Phylogeny of Limia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) Based on NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 Sequences

Complete sequences for the mitochondrial gene NADH Dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) and partial sequences for the tRNA-Met and tRNA-Trp genes were obtained for 11 populations of the poeciliid fish genus (or subgenus) Limia, including species from Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, and Grand Cayman Islands. Additional sequences for Limia (2 species), Pamphorichthys (3), Poecilia (16), and Xiphophorus (1), all from the tribe Poeciliini, were extracted from GenBank, as was a sequence for Heterandria formosa, from the tribe Heterandriini. Phylogenetic analyses included parsimony, distance methods, and maximum-likelihood. Several Limia species groups that had been proposed based on morphological data were evaluated. The versicolor species group was strongly supported, as was the close relationship between the Cuban Limia vittata and the Grand Cayman Limia caymanensis. However, the proposed vittata species group was not upheld by the ND2 data. The phylogenetic position of Limia melanogaster, from Jamaica, was either sister to the versicolor species group or basal to all other included Limia species. Limia was found to be monophyletic; however, Limia species from the island of Hispaniola were not monophyletic. There was little support for any proposed sister group to Limia. The phylogeny was used to reconsider a previous comparative study of poeciliid courtship behavior and sexual dimorphism. The data indicated that there may have been two independent appearances of courtship display behavior in Limia; considering the tribe Poeciliini as a whole, there is evidence for as many as five appearances of display (including two within Limia), or a complex pattern of gains and losses of such behavior. The application of phylogenetic information to the comparative study did not refute the previously hypothesized correlation between the presence of a courtship display and the presence of sexual dimorphism in poeciliid fish.
Positive end-expiratory pressure and response to inhaled nitric oxide: changing nonresponders to responders.

Abstract Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) has been shown to improve oxygenation in two thirds of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Failure to respond to INO is multifactorial. We hypothesized that the addition of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) might modify the response to INO in patients who had previously failed to respond to INO. Methods: Patients with ARDS who failed to respond to INO at 1 ppm (Pa O 2 increase of O 2/F IO 2 (161 ± 27 to 186 ± 29) with a mean increase in PEEP of 3.7 cm H2O. Each patient responding to PEEP further improved Pa O 2/F IO 2 (186 ± 29 to 223 ± 36) with INO at 1 ppm. The three patients who failed to improve after the PEEP increase also failed to respond to a second trial of INO. There were no changes in cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance. Pulmonary artery pressures decreased slightly (39 ± 5 vs 38 ± 7 vs 35 ± 9 mm Hg). Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly after reintroduction of INO (298 ± 131 vs 310 ± 122 vs 249 ± 105 dynes/sec/cm-5) in patients who responded positively. Conclusions: The response of ARDS patients to INO can be improved if optimum alveolar recruitment is achieved by the addition of PEEP. PEEP and INO have a synergistic effect on Pa O 2/F IO 2. Patients who fail to respond to INO may benefit from an optimum PEEP trial. (Surgery 2000;127:390-4.)
The reality of India: Folding constraints into business strategy

Purpose – This report provides a framework to better understand how constraints faced by companies and their customers in emerging markets can be converted into competitive advantage and thereby into factors for growth.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, a framework is developed to understand how companies can generate competitive advantage from constraints that affect companies, their customers or both. The framework is explained with case studies of Indian companies and multinational organizations (MNCs) operating in India.Findings – A multitude of constraints affect companies operating in emerging markets such as India. India is an emerging market where MNCs would like to have a presence but are deterred by constraints. Some of these constraints affect companies, while others affect customers. Although many multinational organizations are struggling to meet their business goals in India, many local companies and some MNCs have successfully navigated the constraints and managed t...
Clinical Significance and Management of Extra-Axillary Sentinel Lymph Nodes: Worthwhile or Irrelevant?

Nonaxillary drainage is demonstrable by lymphoscintigraphy in up to one-third of breast cancer patients, and nonaxillary sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (most frequently of the internal mammary nodes) is the subject of a growing body of literature. It is not yet clear that the identification of nonaxillary SLN significantly affects treatment or outcome in patients with primary operable disease. The greatest future potential for nonaxillary SLNs biopsy is in the management of patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, where prior axillary surgery may have unpredictably altered the lymphatic drainage of the breast.
Regioselective Formation of β‐Alkyl‐α‐phenyliridabenzenes via Unsymmetrical 3‐Vinylcyclopropenes: Probing Steric and Electronic Influences by Varying the Alkyl Ring Substituent

The synthesis of unsymmetrical (Z)-1-alkyl-3-(2-iodovinyl)-2-phenyl-1-cyclopropenes (R=Me (8 a), Et (8 b), iPr (8 c), and tBu (8 d)) and their reactions with Vaska's complex [Ir(CO)Cl(PPh3)2] and its trimethylphosphine analogue [Ir(CO)Cl(PMe3)2] were investigated. Iridabenzvalene (13/20), iridabenzene (14/21), and/or eta(5)-cyclopentadienyliridium complexes (15/22) were obtained in modest yields and were fully characterized by spectroscopic means. X-ray structural data was secured for iridabenzvalene 13 d and iridabenzenes 14 a,b,d. Whereas iridabenzenes 14 a-c were stable at 75 degrees C for 48 h, 14 d, which possesses a bulky tBu group, rearranged cleanly to cyclopentadienyliridium 15 d at 50 degrees C over 15 h and displayed first-order kinetics. The influence of the alkyl substituent on the mechanisms of iridacycle generation, isomerization, and iridabenzene regioselectivity is discussed.
Fuzzy distance functions for motion planning

The problem of planning motions offline for a robot in the presence of obstacles via an algorithm that does not proceed by a discretization of the search space involves defining good heuristics to characterize the proximal relationships between two rigid bodies and the development of algorithms for their computation. Several measures are presented, and schemes for their computation are developed. The performances of the algorithms are determined in terms of their running time. The advantage of the fuzzy model is that it lends itself easily to numerical computation involving manipulation of the coordinates of the extreme points. >
POWER7 multi-core processor design

POWER series of processors are the building block for IBM's p-Series servers. With its leading edge microarchitecture, technology and efficient implementation, POWER processors are the dominating RISC processor technology today. POWER processors form the building block for IBM's p-Series servers, which have the largest UNIX marketshare. Over the last 20 years, POWER processors have incorporated many technological innovations, often leading the industry with its new technologies. In this talk, we will describe many key architectural, micro-architectural, RAS and power-management features of the POWER7 core for the first time. POWER7 is IBM's first 8-core processor chip, with each core capable of 4-way SMT, fabricated in IBM's 45nm SOI technology with 11 levels of metal. Details of the processor core will be discussed, along with insights, technical issues and challenges related to designing high performance, power-efficient multi-core chips for building balanced servers.
Thermochemical Behavior of Nickel-Coated Nanoaluminum Particles

Thermochemical behavior of nickel-coated aluminum particles in the size range of 4–18 nm is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The analysis is carried out in isothermal–isobaric and isochoric-isoenergetic ensembles using an embedded atom method. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the melting points of the core and shell, diffusion of atoms, and intermetallic reactions. The aluminum core melts at a temperature greater than the melting point of a nascent aluminum particle due to the cage-like mechanical constraint imposed by the nickel shell. The melting point of the aluminum core increases from 775 to 1000 K when the core diameter increases from 3 to 12 nm. The melting point of the core is not significantly affected by variations in the shell thickness in the range of 1–3 nm, although the melting point of the shell increases with increasing thickness from a value as low as 1100 K at 1 nm to 1580 K at 3 nm. Melting is followed by diffusion of atoms and energy release due to intermetallic reactions, ...
Selective enrichment of a large size genomic DNA fragment by affinity capture: an approach for genome mapping

A method to enrich large size DNA fragments obtained by digestion with rare cutting restriction endonucleases was developed and applied for the isolation of a 150 kb SfiI fragment containing the beta-globin gene cluster. The digested DNA is rendered single stranded at the ends by diffusing a strand specific exonuclease into an agarose plug containing DNA. The plug is melted and solution hybridization is then performed with a bridge RNA containing specific sequences from the end of a desired fragment linked to a common probe sequence. The common probe sequence is annealed to a biotinylated RNA and the resulting tripartite hybrid is retained onto a solid matrix containing avidin and specifically released by ribonuclease action. Enrichments of greater than 350 fold have been achieved consistently. Such directed purification of large DNA fragments without cloning can considerably expedite mapping and gene localization in a complex genome and facilitate the construction of sublibraries from defined regions of the genome.
Lingual carcinogenesis in an inbred strain of hamsters

Epidermoid carcinoma of the lateral border of the tongue can be induced in a standard strain of hamsters, applying DMBA in acetone after traumatizing the area with a root canal broach. Employing the same technique in an inbred strain of hamsters resulted in the more rapid development of carcinomas. The inbred strain should be a useful model for experimental carcinogenesis of tongue.
Political programs on national television networks: 1960 and 1964

Every four years American television program schedules are disrupted, some additional revenues flow into the hands of broadcasters, and the public is again given the opportunity to witness the many forms of political broadcasting. During the 1964 presidential campaign, this opportunity occured an average of twice a day, for a total of fifty minutes on the networks alone. This figure only includes programs of five minutes or longer, and does not include spot announcements. Whether this much opportunity is desirable, or even bearable, is left to the individual reader.
A novel motion compensation algorithm for acoustic radiation force elastography

A novel method of physiological motion compensation for use with radiation force elasticity imaging has been developed. The method utilizes a priori information from finite element method models of the response of soft tissue to impulsive radiation force to isolate physiological motion artifacts from radiation force-induced displacement fields. The new algorithm is evaluated in a series of clinically realistic imaging scenarios, and its performance is compared to that achieved with previously described motion compensation algorithms. Though not without limitations, the new model-based motion compensation algorithm performs favorably in many circumstances and may be a logical choice for use with in vivo abdominal imaging.
Photon wave mechanics

Coordinate-space photon wave functions and their quantum-mechanical wave equations are presented. We show that two-time, two-photon wave functions are equivalent to two-photon detection amplitudes of quantum optics. Analogy to second-order coherence tensors is made.
Equilibrium relations and bipolar cognitive mapping for online analytical processing with applications in international relations and strategic decision support

Bipolar logic, bipolar sets, and equilibrium relations are proposed for bipolar cognitive mapping and visualization in online analytical processing (OLAP) and online analytical mining (OLAM). As cognitive models, cognitive maps (CMs) hold great potential for clustering and visualization. Due to the lack of a formal mathematical basis, however, CM-based OLAP and OLAM have not gained popularity. Compared with existing approaches, bipolar cognitive mapping has a number of advantages. First, bipolar CMs are formal logical models as well as cognitive models. Second, equilibrium relations (with polarized reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity), as bipolar generalizations and fusions of equivalence relations, provide a theoretical basis for bipolar visualization and coordination. Third, an equilibrium relation or CM induces bipolar partitions that distinguish disjoint coalition subsets not involved in any conflict, disjoint coalition subsets involved in a conflict, disjoint conflict subsets, and disjoint harmony subsets. Finally, equilibrium energy analysis leads to harmony and stability measures for strategic decision and multiagent coordination. Thus, this work bridges a gap for CM-based clustering and visualization in OLAP and OLAM. Basic ideas are illustrated with example CMs in international relations.
Via etching through extremely thick organic dielectrics

A process for etching vias in extremely thick (85 to 152 /spl mu/m) HD MicroSystems polyimide PI2611 was developed using commercial reactive ion etching tools. Sloped via profiles were obtained using a combination of hard masks made of aluminum and silicon dioxide thin films, combined with reactive ion etch steps in pure O/sub 2/ and O/sub 2//CF/sub 4/. The deep via profiles provided good step coverage. These vias, coated with a 3-/spl mu/m-thick copper film, produced satisfactory electrical continuity between layers of package interconnects. The process is reproducible, reliable, and, hence, practically useful for fabricating a small number of parts in spite of extended etch periods.
Interactive pre- and post-processing tools for finite-difference time-domain codes

A new finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) code TSAR is currently being used on a wide range of electromagnetic scattering, coupling, and propagation problems. Some of the geometries of interest are large and quite detailed, requiring meshes with more than a million cells. In addition, an FDTD code is often run for thousands of time steps, producing an enormous quantity of output data. To efficiently deal with these large problems, a set of pre- and postprocessing tools to be used in conjunction with the TSAR FDTD code has been developed. This set of utilities consists of a solid-model-based mesh generator, a mesh verifier, and a color/surface plotter. These tools all run on graphics workstations and, due to their highly interactive nature, are quite easy to use. For added convenience, some of the workstations are connected to a videotape system. With this arrangement, users can record complex time-varying results in a convenient and portable format. >
An Examination of Changes in Bat Flight Kinematics During Take Off

The powered flight of bats is unique in nature because of the agility that it allows them to achieve in comparison to other flying animals of equivalent size. One example of this is a bat’s ability to take off with no initial freestream velocity and transition to cruising flight over the duration of relatively few wing beat cycles. Bat’s wings are highly complex and have 20+ degrees of freedom (DOFS) per wing. Adjustments to several of these DOFS occur to allow for quick transition to cruising flight. In order to capture this transition in wing motion, video of Great Himalayan Leaf-Nosed Bats (Hipposideros Armiger) was captured over a period that included both take off and cruising flight. Images captured using a multi-camera setup, containing three rings of 10 RGB cameras each, were used in conjunction with triangulation techniques to capture the 3D coordinates of marker points on the wing. This setup eliminated the point dropout that can occur due to occlusion in traditional 2 camera systems due to its 360 degree coverage. Furthermore, the redundancy caused by collecting 3 or more 2D marker point projections from some of the 10 cameras per ring improved accuracy of the 3D coordinates. In order to capture the transition in wing kinematics, changes in flap amplitude, velocity, and frequency, were recorded. The data suggests that this species of bat utilize a change in flap amplitude as the primary means to transition from takeoff to cruising flight while keeping other parameters such as angle of attack and flap frequency constant.Copyright © 2015 by ASME