cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of ischemia on implantable defibrillator intracardiac shock electrograms.

Ischemic Effects on Intracardiac Electrograms. Introduction: Few attempts have been made to extract information from the ventricular electrogram (EGM) recorded by implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) aside from the discrimination of supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. The current study aims to examine the effect of ischemia in the major coronary artery distributions on the shock EGM from ICDs. Methods: Domestic crossbred pigs (n = 10, 20‐40 kg) were implanted with a dual-coil right ventricular defibrillation system. Through the femoral approach, percutaneous balloon occlusion of the major coronary arteries was performed. The left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx), and right coronary (RCA) arteries were occluded in random order for 3‐5 minutes with 30-minute periods of reperfusion in between and the shock EGMs were recorded and analyzed. Results: During peak ischemia, R wave amplitude increased by a mean of 204.3% (P = 0.003), increased by a mean of 73.8% (P = 0.0009), and decreased by a mean of 28.0% (P = 0.109) in the LAD, LCx, and RCA territories, respectively. During peak ischemia ST segments elevated by a mean of 105.3% (P = 0.041), elevated by a mean of 114.9% (P = 0.064), and decreased by a mean of 584.5% (P = 0.006) in the LAD, LCx, and RCA territories, respectively. Conclusions: Ischemia affects ICD shock EGMs in a manner that appears to vary depending on the culprit vessel. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of ischemia detection from ICD shock EGMs. (J Cardiovasc
ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN EARLY CHINESE MANUSCRIPTS

In his recent popular book Oracle Bones, a personal narrative account of his own experiences in modern China into which he has woven a biographical account of the late palaeographer and oracle-bone scholar Chen Mengjia 陳夢家 (1911–1966), augmented by a curious collection of ad hominem anecdotes about some of the 20th-century archaeologists and historians who have studied the earliest period of Chinese history, journalist Peter Hessler describes Imre Galambos as “an instinctive skeptic ... suspicious of neatness, regularity, plot ...” (Hessler 2007, pp. 34–35). A better way to describe it, at least in a scholarly context, I think, would be to say that Galambos takes an instinctively skeptical approach to conventional accounts and
Student Evaluations of Communication Courses.

This study developed a brief pencil‐and‐paper instrument measuring student evaluations of communication courses. The original instrument consisted of 38 Likert‐type items but was reduced to 15 items through factor analysis. Both original and abbreviated instruments measure five dimensions of course evaluations: utility, difficulty, enjoyableness, organization, and intimacy. Using Nunnally's formula 6–18, all of these dimensions were found to be high in internal consistency, with reliabilities ranging from .70 to .96.
Fatal Familial Insomnia and Familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Features

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and a subtype of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD178) are two prion diseases that have different clinical and pathological features, the same aspartic acid to asparagine mutation (D178N) at codon 178 of the prion protein (PrP) gene, but distinct genotypes generated by the methionine-valine polymorphism at codon 129 (129M or 129V) in the mutant allele of the PrP gene. The D178N, 129M allele segregates with FFI while the D178N, 129V allele segregates with CJD178. The proteinase K resistant PrP (PrPres) isoforms present in FFI and CJD178 differ in degree of glycosylation and size. Thus, the amino acid, methionine or valine, at position 129 of the mutant allele, in conjunction with D178N mutation results in significant alterations of PrPres in FFI and CJD178. The 129 polymorphic site also exerts influence through the normal allele: the course of the disease is shorter in the patients homozygous at codon 129 and other minor but consistent phenotypic differences occur between homozygous and heterozygous FFI patients. The comparative study of PrPres distribution in FFI homozygotes and heterozygotes at codon 129 has lead to the conclusion that the phenotypic differences observed between these two FFI patient populations may be the result of different rates of conversion of normal PrP into PrPres, at least in some brain regions.
The Role of Comet Tails in the Discovery of the Solar Wind and Its Spatial and Temporal Variations

Ever since Ludwig Biermann used the observed aberration of cometary plasma tails to infer the continuous outflow of plasma from the sun (since referred to as the solar wind) comets have been used to good advantage to delineate the average global flow parameters of the solar wind. Their role as natural probes of the solar wind has not been entirely superceded by the subsequent advent of spacecraft because comets approach the sun at all angles and some go closer to it than any spacecraft has so far. Comets have thus provided useful information about the spatial variations of the solar wind (e.g., the latitudinal variation of its speed). Also sudden and often dramatic changes in the cometary plasma tails (e.g., total disconnections) provide information about discontinuous changes in the solar wind flow. In this brief overview I will discuss these observations and inferences and conclude with some thoughts about the variable nature of the comet-solar wind interaction with heliocentric distance, and the possible role of the forthcoming Rosetta mission in verifying these.
time, nature, and spirit: a symbolic analysis of Greek-American spiritual kinship1

Greek-American spiritual kinship is treated as a system of kinship symbols which contrast with the symbols of consanguineal and affinal kinship. The dimensions of this three-way contrast between spiritual, consanguineal, and affinal kinship are nature vs. spirit (or, alternatively, time vs. eternity) and birth vs. sex. Transformations of the symbols birth and love between the natural and spiritual worlds are analyzed.
A role for phospholipase C activity in GLUT4-mediated glucose transport.

Overexpression of surrogate receptors [epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor] in adipocytes has demonstrated that multiple signaling pathways may lead to GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake. These implicated pathways function independently of IRS-1 phosphorylation and PI3-kinase activation. In addition, we previously demonstrated that EGFR tyrosyl autophosphorylation is required to stimulate GLUT4-mediated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This observation suggests that signaling molecules that are dependent on EGFR auto-phosphorylation, such as phospholipase C (PLC), may lie in the signaling pathway to glucose transport. As PLC has been implicated in glucose transport by several clinical and basic mechanistic studies, we investigated whether EGFR signaling may promote glucose transport via modulation of PLC activity. Activation of EGFR overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes leads to a 3.4 ± 1.2-fold stimulation of PLC activity over basal levels vs. only 1.06 ...
Letter by Chhabra and Spodick Regarding Article, “Influence of Steroid Therapy on the Incidence of Pericarditis and Atrial Fibrillation After Percutaneous Epicardial Mapping and Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia” by Dyrda et al

Dydra et al compared the efficacy of 3 different therapeutic approaches (no-steroids, systemic-steroids, and intrapericardial-steroids) on the incidence of postprocedure atrial fibrillation (PPAF) and pericarditis in patients undergoing epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation.1 They reported significantly decreased incidence of pericarditic chest pain in patients treated with intrapericardial steroids. Though the results are potentially interesting, the retrospective study design significantly limits the evaluation efficacy of these different strategies. The authors defined pericarditis on the basis of only 2 criteria: pleuritic chest pain and pericarditic ECG changes; however, they have not incorporated the other 2 standard diagnostic criteria namely echocardiographic evidence of new pericardial effusion or the presence of a pericardial rub. This raises a …
A New Social Compact: How University Engagement Can Fuel Innovation

Richard K. Lester feels that colleges and universities, because they are immobile, can replace local institutions whose leadership has been eroded by globalization. However, university attempts to improve the regional economy must be well-planned. North Dakota clearly illustrates benefits of a strategic approach to university and college interaction with the economy. This paper examines the degree to which their Higher Education Roundtable fits into the specific model of engagement proposed by Lester. Much of the specificity of the North Dakota plan came in the implementation, which has been guided by specific accountability measures. Because such measures can not only reflect priorities but also set them, this paper evaluates the new initiatives in North Dakota with an independent set of metrics that assess university efforts to foster innovation. While the two sets of metrics are largely compatible, North Dakota University System does not evaluate qualitative goals throughout the university system. This paper argues that qualitative outputs from higher education are often under reported in assessments of economic and social benefits attributed to universities and colleges.
The New Generation of Biomedical Polymers

Following a review of the compatibility of polymer with blood, the use of polyurethanes, hydrogels, polylactic acid, poly-α-cyanoacrylates, and polyamino acids as biomedical polymers is discussed.
Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients.

Background Hypocalcemia is prevalent among critically ill patients requiring intensive care. Several epidemiological studies highlight a direct association between hypocalcemia and mortality. These data provide the impetus for current guidelines recommending parenteral calcium administration to normalize serum calcium. However, in light of the considerable variation in the threshold for calcium replacement, the lack of evidence to support a causal role of hypocalcemia in mortality, and animal studies illustrating that calcium supplementation may worsen outcomes, a systematic review is essential to evaluate whether or not the practice of calcium supplementation for intensive care unit (ICU) patients provides any benefit. Objectives To assess the effects of parenteral calcium administration in ICU patients on the following outcomes: mortality, multiple organ dysfunction, ICU and hospital length of stay, costs, serum ionized calcium concentration, and complications of parenteral calcium administration. Search methods We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials, and the National Research Register. We hand-searched conference abstracts from the Society of Critical Care Medicine, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the American Thoracic Surgery, the American College of Surgeons, the American College of Chest Physicians, the American College of Physicians, and the International Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine. We checked references of publications and attempted to contact authors to identify additional published or unpublished data. Selection criteria Randomised controlled and controlled clinical trials of ICU patients comparing parenteral calcium chloride or calcium gluconate administration with no treatment or placebo. Data collection and analysis Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria to trial reports for inclusion and extracted data. Main results There are no identifiable studies that have evaluated the association between parenteral calcium supplementation in critically ill ICU patients and the following outcomes: mortality, multiple organ dysfunction, ICU and hospital length of stay, costs, and complications of calcium administration. Serum ionized calcium concentration was reported in 5 studies (12 trial arms, 159 participants). These trials showed a small but significant increase in serum ionized calcium concentration after calcium administration. These trials showed considerable statistical heterogeneity and differed extensively in the population studied (adult versus neonate), the indication (hypocalcemia versus prophylaxis) and threshold of hypocalcemia for which parenteral calcium was administered, and the timing of subsequent measurement of serum ionized calcium concentration to the extent that we consider a pooled estimate almost inappropriate. Authors' conclusions There is no clear evidence that parenteral calcium supplementation impacts the outcome of critically ill patients.
Thermodynamic based model for the evolution equation of the backstress in cyclic plasticity

Abstract A nonlinear kinematic hardening rule is developed here within the framework of thermodynamic principles. The derived kinematic hardening evolution equation has three distinct terms: two strain hardening terms and a dynamic recovery term that operates at all times. The proposed hardening rule, which is referred in this paper as the FAPC (Fredrick and Armstrong–Phillips–Chaboche) kinematic hardening rule, shows a combined form of the Frederick and Armstrong backstress evolution equation, Phillips evolution equation, and Chaboche series rule. A new term is incorporated into the Frederick and Armstrong evolution equation that appears to have agreement with the experimental observations that show the motion of the center of the yield surface in the stress space is directed between the gradient to the surface at the stress point and the stress rate direction at that point. The model is further modified in order to simulate nonproportional cyclic hardening by proposing a measure representing the degree of nonproportionality of loading. This measure represents the topology of the incremental stress path. Numerically, it represents the angle between the current stress increment and the previous stress increment, which is interpreted through the material constants of the kinematic hardening evolution equation. This new kinematic hardening rule is incorporated in a material constitutive model based on the von Mises plasticity type and the Chaboche isotropic hardening type. Numerical integration of the incremental elasto-plastic constitutive equations is based on a simple semi-implicit return-mapping algorithm and the full Newton–Raphson iterative method is used to solve the resulting nonlinear equations. Experimental simulations are conducted for proportional and non-proportional cyclic loadings. The model shows good correlation with the experimental results.
Black hypertension: a transcultural case study using the Betty Neuman model of nursing care.

A case study approach was used to study a 36‐year‐old Southern black female for several weeks following a hypertensive crisis episode. The purpose of the study was to establish trust and understanding between the culturally different black client and white nurse. The Betty Neuman model of nursing care was used in developing an ethnocare plan for the subject. Cultural Stressors identified were: (1) obesity and dietary habits, evidence of the “soul food”; diet and salt, saturated fats, and cholesterol; (2) smoking, used as a coping mechanism when under self‐perceived stress; (3) noncom‐pliance in taking hypertensive drugs, which reflects cultural beliefs and feelings; (4) lack of understanding about the disease process, an example of cultural difference in language and beliefs; (5) inability to be a biological mother (the ability to produce children is perceived by the black culture as necessary to the fulfillment of the woman's role); and (6) living in a hostile environment. The ethnocare plan addressed ea...
Comparison of system size for some optical interconnection architectures and the folded multi-facet architecture

Abstract We compare system sizes for some optical interconnection architectures and introduce the folded multi-facet architecture which can potentially approach the smallest possible system size of any two-dimensional optical architecture.
Evaluating graph coloring on GPUs

This paper evaluates features of graph coloring algorithms implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs), comparing coloring heuristics and thread decompositions. As compared to prior work on graph coloring for other parallel architectures, we find that the large number of cores and relatively high global memory bandwidth of a GPU lead to different strategies for the parallel implementation. Specifically, we find that a simple uniform block partitioning is very effective on GPUs and our parallel coloring heuristics lead to the same or fewer colors than prior approaches for distributed-memory cluster architecture. Our algorithm resolves many coloring conflicts across partitioned blocks on the GPU by iterating through the coloring process, before returning to the CPU to resolve remaining conflicts. With this approach we get as few color (if not fewer) than the best sequential graph coloring algorithm and performance is close to the fastest sequential graph coloring algorithms which have poor color quality.
Tradition and Modernity In the Mediterranean: The Wedding as Symbolic Struggle

Tradition and Modernity In the Mediterranean: The Wedding as Symbolic Struggle. Vassos Argyrou. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. + 210 pp., illustrations, appendix, notes, references, index.
Effects of Dietary Intake of Isoflavone Aglycone-rich Fermented Soybeans on Bone Metabolism in Ovariectomized Rats

We compared the effect of dietary intake of isoflavone aglycone-rich fermented soybeans (FS) with that of glucoside-rich non-fermented soybeans (NFS) on bone metabolism, using ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given OVX or a sham operation at 8 weeks of age. After a 2-week recovery, shamoperated rats were given a NFS diet for 57 days, while OVX rats were given the NFS or FS diet (Sham-NFS, OVX-NFS, and OVX-FS group, n = 10). The two diets had the same level of total isoflavone (228µmol/100 g). The percentage of isoflavone aglycone to total isoflavone was 100% in the FS diet, and approximately 5% in the NF Sd iet. Tibial bone calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly lower in the OVX-NFS group than in the Sham-NFS group. This reduction was significantly prevented in the OVX-FS group. Tibial trabecular bone density was also significantly reduced by OVX, but the reduction tended to be prevented in the OVX-FS group (p =0 .1). The level of urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), a bone resorption marker, was significantly increased by OVX; this increase was significantly prevented in the OVX-FS group. Moreover, urinary total isoflavone levels tended to be higher in the OVX-FS group than in the OVX-NFS group (p =0 .1). In conclusion, this study suggested that intake of FS prevented excessive bone resorption and bone loss following OVX in rats. It was also suggested that these beneficial effects on bone resulted from higher absorption of isoflavone aglycone.
Leaf Age as a Risk Factor in Contamination of Lettuce with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica

Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have been linked increasingly to leafy greens, particularly to lettuce. We present here the first evidence that this enteric pathogen can multiply on the leaves of romaine lettuce plants. The increases in population size of E. coli O157:H7 in the phyllosphere of young lettuce plants ranged from 16- to 100-fold under conditions of warm temperature and the presence of free water on the leaves and varied significantly with leaf age. The population size was consistently ca. 10-fold higher on the young (inner) leaves than on the middle leaves. The growth rates of Salmonella enterica and of the natural bacterial microflora were similarly leaf age dependent. Both enteric pathogens also achieved higher population sizes on young leaves than on middle leaves harvested from mature lettuce heads, suggesting that leaf age affects preharvest as well as postharvest colonization. Elemental analysis of the exudates collected from the surfaces of leaves of different ages revealed that young-leaf exudates were 2.9 and 1.5 times richer in total nitrogen and carbon, respectively, than middle-leaf exudates. This trend mirrored the nitrogen and carbon content of the leaf tissue. Application of ammonium nitrate, but not glucose, to middle leaves enhanced the growth of E. coli O157:H7 significantly, suggesting that low nitrogen limits its growth on these leaves. Our results indicate that leaf age and nitrogen content contribute to shaping the bacterial communities of preharvest and postharvest lettuce and that young lettuce leaves may be associated with a greater risk of contamination with E. coli O157:H7.
The test of public scrutiny.

Perhaps the best place to start in any discussionof how to analyze incomplete longitudinal datais to acknowledge that no universally acceptedbest method exists. Analysis, therefore, shouldbe tailored to each individual situation. Andthough this article is not without opinion onthe merits of speciﬁc analytic approaches,the primary purpose is not to persuade youto use any one particular analysis, but ratherto suggest a useful decision-making frame-work. To focus this discussion, let us beginby imagining the following story on the frontpages of newspapers across the United States andabroad.
Prenatal Stress Disrupts Reproductive Behavior and Physiology in Offspring

Prenatal maternal stress has been related to neonatal activity and irritability in both lower animals and humans in documented research for at least the past 30 years. Contemporary animal research demonstrates that prenatal stress feminizes and demasculinizes the sexual behavior of males and reduces fertility and fecundity in females, producing estrous cycle disorders, spontaneous abortions, or vaginal hemorrhaging and high neonatal mortality. Mechanisms of stress are being sought in the maternal-fetal blood exchange, hormonal alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads and adrenals, and in brain catecholamines. Contemporary human research demonstrates that negative maternal attitudes toward pregnancy are related to high incidences of congenital abnormalities and infant deaths. Severe psychosocial stress is related to high incidences of neonatal deaths and neurological impairments in infants, and a high incidence of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Data derived from both animal and human research may help explain the etiology and mechanisms of prenatal-stress-induced reproductive dysfunctions as well as some forms of human psychopathology.
Growth in Turkish children in Stockholm.

SummaryHeight, weight and body proportions were studied in 155 Turkish school children born in Sweden, living in a defined area in Stockholm. They were compared with Swedish children matched for sex, age and physical environment, and with a smaller number of Turkish children born in Turkey or in countries other than Turkey and Sweden. Parents' socio-economic levels were extremely low on a Swedish comparison. Growth was correlated to socio-economic background. The study was cross-sectional and longitudinal, combining growth data for key ages from health documents with contemporary data. Turkish school-children under 10 years of age, born in Sweden, were significantly shorter than Swedish children, the difference beginning in the pre-school years. Turkish children born in Turkey were short on arrival in Sweden but soon caught up with the Turkish children born in Sweden. Genetic factors only could not explain the difference in height-for-age between Turkish children born in Sweden and Swedish children. With ...
Cultural Validity of Holland's Theory and the Strong Interest Inventory for Five Racial/Ethnic Groups.

This study examined evidence for the use of the Strong Interest Inventory with diverse populations, including examination of the structure of interests across five racial/ethnic groups, finding similarity in perceptions of the world of work. The study also studied differences in means for the General Occupational Themes and Basic Interest Scales as well as assessed differences in consistency and differentiation across five racial/ethnic groups for career clients. Overall, the pattern of results suggests minimal differences based on racial/ethnic group membership but more meaningful group differences based on gender.
Does timber harvest influence the dynamics of marine-derived nutrients in Southeast Alaska streams?

Streams often rely on nutrient subsidies, and variation in nutrient delivery may alter the ecosystem response. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) provide marine-derived nutrients to their natal streams but also cause benthic disturbance, with the net effect determined by watershed and stream characteristics. To understand the factors contributing to variation in salmon-derived nutrients (SDN), we studied nutrient concentration and export in seven streams with varying physical characteristics due to timber harvest (e.g., channel complexity) over three years in Southeast Alaska, USA. Salmon increased concentrations and export of dissolved and particulate nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, but the magnitude of increase varied up to 41-fold among streams. The density of live salmon best predicted the increase in nutrient concentration and export, whereas the density of carcasses had a negligible effect. Nutrient export was predicted by transient storage before and after the salmon run. Streams in harvested wat...
Influence of Nutrient Supplementation on Body Weight and Condition and Pregnancy of Market Beef Cows Grazing Stockpiled and Spring-Growth Tall Fescue1

Abstract Seventy-five crossbred, non-pregnant beef cows [age = 4.5 ± 0.2 yr; BW = 395 ± 10 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 4.3 ± 0.2] were purchased from local auctions during 2 yr to determine the effects of supplementation on BW, BCS, ADG, pregnancy rate, and net income of market cows grazing stockpiled and spring-growth, endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Cows were assigned to one of six pastures (two pastures per treatment each year) of tall fescue for 160 d (yr 1) or 147 d (yr 2) and one of three supplementation treatments: 1) soybean hulls (SH), 2) corn:soybean meal (CSB), or 3) not supplemented (control). Supplements were fed at 0.91 kg/d per cow. Cows were sold at a local auction at the termination of the experiment. Forage availability was not affected (P>0.10) by supplementation and averaged 3637 ± 239 kg DM/ha throughout the grazing period. Supplementation did not influence (P> 0.10) ADG; overall, cows gained 0.47 ± 0.14 kg/d. Cows supplemented with SH (493 ± 25 kg) or CSB (485 ± 25 kg) had heavier (P
Time of day affects the frequency and duration of breathing events and the critical closing pressure during NREM sleep in participants with sleep apnea

We investigated if the number and duration of breathing events coupled to upper airway collapsibility were affected by the time of day. Male participants with obstructive sleep apnea completed a co...
Role of interspecies interactions in the preparation of a low-entropy gas of polar molecules in a lattice

The preparation of a quantum degenerate gas of heteronuclear molecules has been an outstanding challenge. We use path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations to understand the role of interactions and finite temperature effects in the protocol currently employed to adiabatically prepare a low-entropy gas of polar molecules in a lattice starting from an ultracold Bose-Fermi mixture. We find that interspecies interactions affect the final temperature of the mixture after the adiabatic loading procedure and detrimentally limit the molecular peak filling. Our conclusions are in agreement with recent experimental measurements [Moses, Science 350, 659 (2015)10.1126/science.aac6400] and therefore are of immediate relevance for the myriad experiments that aim to form molecules from dual-species atomic gases.
Forward-Backward Algorithm

Using the framework of the message-passing algorithm, Section 1. introduces the forward-backward algorithm (FBA) for decoding on trellises, in which messages flow in both directions along a linear graph. This algorithm can be used for the decoding of channels with memory and convolutional codes. Section 2. describes some common configurations for turbo decoding.
Integrated 5-D Cell Tracking and Linked Analytics in the FARSIGHT Open Source Toolkit

Modern optical microscopy is now a multi-dimensional imaging tool that enables recording of multiple structures and dynamic processes in living specimens in their three-dimensional (3-D) spatial context and temporal order, yielding information-rich 5-D images (3-D space, time, spectra). Of interest are complex and dynamic tissue microenvironments that play critical roles in health and disease, e.g., tumors, and immune system tissues. The task of analyzing these images exceeds human ability due to the volume of the data, its structural complexity, and the dynamic behaviors of cells. There is a need for automated systems to assist the human analyst to map the tissue anatomy, quantify structural, and temporal associations; identify critical events, map event locations, and timing to the tissue anatomic context; produce meaningful summaries of multivariate measurement data; and compare perturbed and normal datasets for testing hypotheses, exploration, and systems modeling. Beyond automation, there is a need for “computational sensing” of sub-visual tissue patterns and cell behaviors. Recent progress has resulted in algorithms for tracking migrating cells from time-lapse multi-photon image sequences. This chapter describes algorithms and an open source toolkit (www.farsight-toolkit.org) for end-to-end analysis of 5-D microscopy data including image pre-processing, cell segmentation, automated tracking, linked visualization of image-derived measurements and analyses in the context of the image data, and edit-based validation of cell movement tracks, and multivariate pattern analysis tools for translating the resulting quantitative measurements into biological insight. This framework provides the biologist with the necessary tools to achieve reliable quantification, and help accelerate the experimental and discovery cycles.
Joint Preconditioned Least-squares Inversion of Simultaneous Source Time-lapse Seismic Data Sets

We present a joint least-squares inversion method for imaging simultaneous source (or blended) time-lapse seismic data sets. Non-repeatable shot and receiver positions introduce undesirable artifacts into time-lapse seismic images. We conjecture that more artifacts will result from relative shot-timing nonrepeatability when data sets are acquired with several simultaneously shooting sources. We show that these artifacts can be attenuated by joint inversion of such data sets without need for initial separation. Preconditioning with non-stationary dip filters and with temporal smoothness constraints ensures stability and geologically consistent time-lapse images. Results from a modified Marmousi 2D model show that this method yields reliable time-lapse images.
Development of graphite foam infiltrated with MgCl2 for a latent heat based thermal energy storage (LHTES) system

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems that are compatible with high temperature power cycles for concentrating solar power (CSP) require high temperature media for transporting and storing thermal energy. To that end, TES systems have been proposed based on the latent heat of fusion of the phase change materials (PCMs). However, PCMs have relatively low thermal conductivities. In this paper, use of high-thermal-conductivity graphite foam infiltrated with a PCM (MgCl2) has been investigated as a potential TES system. Graphite foams with two porosities were infiltrated with MgCl2. The infiltrated composites were evaluated for density, heat of fusion, melting/freezing temperatures, and thermal diffusivities. Estimated thermal conductivities of MgCl2/graphite foam composites were significantly higher than those of MgCl2 alone over the measured temperature range. Furthermore, heat of fusion, melting/freezing temperatures, and densities showed comparable values to those of pure MgCl2. Results of this study indicate that MgCl2/graphite foam composites show promise as storage media for a latent heat thermal energy storage system for CSP applications.
Mexico-United States Cooperative Plant Pest Control Programs

The first of the Mexico-United States Cooperative Plant Pest Control Programs was inaugurated in Mexico with appropriate Mexican officials nearly 45 years ago, following discovery of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in the United States. The Plant Pest Control Division of the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, maintains an organization in Mexico to work closely with the Direccion General de Defensa Agricola of the Mexican Department of Agriculture. Current pest control cooperative programs include the pink bollworm of cotton; the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman; the khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts; the citrus black fly, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby; the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew); and the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann).
Some Effects of Anesthetic Mixtures Dissolved in Oil on Motor Nerves in the Gat

SummaryMixtures of local anesthetic substances dissolved in oil were injected into the subcutaneous tissues of the face in cats. Paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle was invariably obtained with solutions containing either procaine base or nupercaine hydrochloride. The paralysis lasted from several hours as a minimum to a maximum of 21 days. Histological examination of the tissues 10-31 days after injection revealed degeneration of facial nerve fibers in every case. The amount of degeneration varied from a few scattered fibers to complete in some branches. In general the amount of degeneration corresponded to the duration of the paralysis. Injections of the oil vehicle alone caused no paralysis and no degeneration.
Experimental Assessment of Mouse Sociability Using an Automated Image Processing Approach

Mouse is the preferred model organism for testing drugs designed to increase sociability. We present a method to quantify mouse sociability in which the test mouse is placed in a standardized apparatus and relevant behaviors are assessed in three different sessions (called session I, II, and III). The apparatus has three compartments (see Figure 1), the left and right compartments contain an inverted cup which can house a mouse (called "stimulus mouse"). In session I, the test mouse is placed in the cage and its mobility is characterized by the number of transitions made between compartments. In session II, a stimulus mouse is placed under one of the inverted cups and the sociability of the test mouse is quantified by the amounts of time it spends near the cup containing the enclosed stimulus mouse vs. the empty inverted cup. In session III, the inverted cups are removed and both mice interact freely. The sociability of the test mouse in session III is quantified by the number of social approaches it makes toward the stimulus mouse and by the number of times it avoids a social approach by the stimulus mouse. The automated evaluation of the movie detects the nose of the test mouse, which allows the determination of all described sociability measures in session I and II (in session III, approaches are identified automatically but classified manually). To find the nose, the image of an empty cage is digitally subtracted from each frame of the movie and the resulting image is binarized to identify the mouse pixels. The mouse tail is automatically removed and the two most distant points of the remaining mouse are determined; these are close to nose and base of tail. By analyzing the motion of the mouse and using continuity arguments, the nose is identified. Figure 1. Assessment of Sociability During 3 sessions. Session I (top): Acclimation of test mouse to the cage. Session II (middle): Test mouse moving freely in the cage while the stimulus mouse is enclosed in an inverted cup. Session III (bottom): Both test mouse and stimulus mouse are allowed to move freely and interact with each other.
Surgical satellite pharmacies in institutions with anesthesiology training programs for physicians.

The results of a survey on the use of surgical satellite pharmacies in hospitals with anesthesiology training programs are reported. In June 1990 a questionnaire was mailed to 158 directors of anesthesiology training programs for physicians. The questionnaire solicited information on the presence of surgical satellite pharmacies in the training hospitals and the nature of the services provided, including accounting for controlled substances. Responses were received from 102 program directors and their designees, for a 65% response rate. Some respondents returned questionnaires completed by affiliated hospitals; a total of 137 responses were accumulated. Surgical satellite pharmacies were present in 46 (34%) of the 137 hospitals. Of those 46 satellite pharmacies, only 14 dispensed all controlled substances to anesthetic-administration areas. Most of the satellite pharmacies provided services at least eight hours per day. All 46 pharmacies dispensed controlled substances, 31 provided i.v. admixtures, and 12 dispensed all i.v. solutions. Accountability for controlled drugs was provided through a daily inventory count (45 satellite pharmacies), daily comparison of agents received and returned (36), review of the anesthesia record (31), random audits of individual providers (18), or quantitative or qualitative analysis of residual drugs (16). Accountability was considerably better in hospitals with surgical satellite pharmacies than in hospitals without them. Surgical satellite pharmacies provided increased accountability for controlled substances in institutions with anesthesiology training programs but did not use all the available methods for preventing drug diversion.
Investigation of High-sulfur Coal Desulphurization in Northeast of Yunnan Province

The high-sulfur coal desulphurization by heavy medium cyclone,flotation machines and falcon centrifuge equipment are used in experiment.The result show that the heavy medium cyclone has obvious effect on high-sulfur coal desulphurization.The sulfur of coal can be fallen from 2.92% to 1.16%,perfect degree of desulphurization is 53.37%,sulfur removal rate is 85.05%.Flotation desulphurization and Falcon centrifuge desulphurization are used to treat with coal slurry produced by heavy medium cyclone,and falcon centrifuge has obvious effect on the coal slurry desulphurization when frequency is 30 Hz,the sulfur of fine coal is 0.99,perfect degree of desulphurization is 20.09% and sulfur removal rate is 72.03%.
A Phylogenetic Approach Finds Abundant Interlocus Gene Conversion in Yeast

Interlocus gene conversion (IGC) homogenizes repeats. While genomes can be repeat-rich, the evolutionary importance of IGC is poorly understood. Additional statistical tools for characterizing it are needed. We propose a composite likelihood strategy for incorporating IGC into widely-used probabilistic models for sequence changes that originate with point mutation. We estimated the percentage of nucleotide substitutions that originate with an IGC event rather than a point mutation in 14 groups of yeast ribosomal protein-coding genes, and found values ranging from 20% to 38%. We designed and applied a procedure to determine whether these percentages are inflated due to artifacts arising from model misspecification. The results of this procedure are consistent with IGC having had an important role in the evolution of each of these 14 gene families. We further investigate the properties of our IGC approach via simulation. In contrast to usual practice, our findings suggest that the IGC should and can be considered when multigene family evolution is investigated.
Peritextual Thresholds of the Material Print Artifact

This chapter focuses on the peritexts that are materially a part of the novel, including the cover, layout, design, and graphics created and controlled by the publisher, along with the the author’s own peritexts such as the front and back matter, epigraphs, internal titles, and the extensive footnotes. Cisneros’s 40 notes at the end of chapters include footnotes to footnotes. Like Diaz who added notes online to the finished novel, overlaying the text with a sense of unfinalizability, the authorial voice in Caramelo overflows itself as Cisneros adds notes to the text and then notes to the notes. A baroque accumulation of detail and compound digressions characterize the performative and aesthetic strategies of the novel.
Cultural Infiltration: A New Propaganda Strategy for a New Era of Soviet—West Relations

The crushing of the 1956 Hungarian revolution, the shift in Soviet policy after Khrushchev’s rise to power, and the Soviet hydrogen bomb all led to a revised US foreign policy strategy and a new propaganda policy. These major shifts in the international environment caused the Eisenhower Administration in its second term to focus its efforts on causing evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, changes in the Soviet system. The evolutionary approach sought to encourage changes within the Soviet system that would eventually lead to the abandonment of its expansionist policies. In contrast, a revolutionary approach (liberation) would seek to impose change upon the Soviet Union by force. The Eisenhower Administration understood that the evolutionary approach was a long-term strategy, which would take several decades to succeed.
Disposal and acquisition trends in second-hand products

Abstract Post-consumer products in waste streams, including durable and nondurable goods, represent a large portion of the municipal solid waste disposed of in landfills and incinerators in the United States. Product reuse is closely associated with waste prevention, and its promotion requires waste management policies that engage with household practices of disposal and acquisition of used goods. The aim of this study was to assess the disposal and acquisition practices of adults for selected second-hand products. A survey conducted using the Amazon Mechanical Turk online platform, aimed at understanding the preferred disposal routes selected when disposing of post-consumer products, as well as quantifying the distances traveled by discarded products from the current to the next user and identifying the methods of transportation commonly used. The acquisition practices were also investigated with the objective of identifying the main routes used by the consumer of second-hand products. Also, an association analysis was performed to recognize relationships between demographics and the selected disposal and acquisition methods, and to evaluate the existence of any relationship between consumption and purchase of second-hand products. Results from this study showed that disposal and acquisition routes varied according to the type of goods. Associations were observed between selected disposal and acquisition methods and demographics and between the decision on how to dispose of used products and how individuals acquire second-hand items. Local reuse predominated among respondents, but exchanges of second-hand products via the internet is expanding the boundaries of reuse to regional scales. The existence of preferred disposal routes and acquisition channels of second-hand products allows the recovery of reusable products in a more efficient manner and can be explored by decision makers to increase the recovery of post-consumer products.
A World of Regions: America, Europe, and East Asia

Recent events in world politics are creating a substantial break in the history of international politics comparable in this century only to the years 1917-22 and 1947-53. With specific reference to Germany and Europe as well as to Japan and East Asia, this essay argues that these changes in world politics tend to reinforce a new political regionalism that expresses different norms, which, in the foreseeable future, are unlikely to be assimilated fully into one normative global order.
The Growing Threat of Antibiotic Resistance in Children.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat and a danger that continues to escalate. These menacing bacteria are having an impact on all populations; however, until recently, the increasing trend in drug-resistant infections in infants and children has gone relatively unrecognized. This article highlights the current clinical and molecular data regarding infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in children, with an emphasis on transmissible resistance and spread via horizontal gene transfer.
Examination of Self-Myofascial Release vs. Instrument-Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization Techniques on Vertical and Horizontal Power in Recreational Athletes.

Stroiney, DA, Mokris, RL, Hanna, GR, and Ranney, JD. Examination of self-myofascial release vs. instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization techniques on vertical and horizontal power in recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 79-88, 2020-This study examined whether pre-exercise self-myofascial release (SMR) and instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) would improve performance on measures of vertical jump height and 40-yd sprint time. Differences in perceived pain levels were also examined. Forty-nine college students volunteered for the study and were randomly assigned to receive either IASTM via Tecnica Gavilan PTB or SMR via The Stick before performance assessments. After the massage intervention, subjects rated their level of perceived pain using a visual analog scale. An independent t test was used to analyze differences in perceived pain levels between the 2 massage interventions. A 2 × 2 analyses of covariance analyzed differences between sex and the 2 massage interventions. There was no interaction (p > 0.05) between the massage intervention and sex for both the vertical jump and 40-yd sprint tests. There was a significant main effect for vertical jump and SMR (p = 0.04). Sex also had a significant main effect for both the vertical jump (p = 0.04) and the 40-yd sprint (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences between massage interventions for the 40-yd sprint times (p = 0.73). There were no significant differences in perceived pain (t(49) = -1.60, p > 0.05). The use of SMR before exercise may improve vertical jump height in recreational athletes. Pain should not be a factor when choosing massage interventions for athletes because IASTM was not perceived to be more painful than SMR. Self-myofascial release and IASTM did not enhance sprinting performance in this study.
Perspective: 2D for beyond CMOS

Two-Dimensional (2D) materials have been a “beyond CMOS” focus for more than a decade now, and we are on the verge of a variety of breakthroughs in the science to enable their incorporation into next generation electronics. This perspective discusses some of the challenges that must be overcome, as well as various opportunities that await us in the world of 2D for beyond CMOS.
Hypotheses Facta Fingunt

“Let the facts speak for themselves”; so runs an old but not very wise saying. For whoever just lets the facts speak for themselves will either be enveloped in silence or be deafened with the noise. That, at least, will be the thesis of this chapter.
They Didn't Believe Her Pain: My Education in Interpersonal Violence

In my first year of medical school, I began to care for patients who were survivors of interpersonal violence. As I transitioned from didactics to clinical experiences, I was struck by how common the hidden threads of physical and sexual violence were in my patients' stories of chronic pain, depression, and poor health outcomes. Their symptoms often seemed intangible and challenging to treat, unable to fit neatly into typical diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. In response, I saw clinicians become frustrated and dissatisfied with their ability to treat these patients. Better care for survivors may begin simply with believing our patients' pain.