cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WET-GRANULATION RESEARCH WITH APPLICATION TO SCALE-UP

Granulation is a unit operation by which larger granules are produced from fine, powdery particles to improve appearance, flow properties and mixedness, reduce dustiness and, in general, produce engineered particles with superior attributes. Agglomeration in wet granulation is achieved by introducing a "binder" fluid onto a shearing mass of fine powders. This paper gives a general overview of the process with emphasis on a simplified granulation model based on a dimensionless parameter containing inertia and viscous dissipation energies between colliding particles: the so-called Stokes number. The model incorporates most common features of all granulation devices (mixers) used in the phar-maceutical industry. Also described in the paper is a computer simulation that captures the movement of flowing powder in an ideal mixer-granulator with constant shear rate. A fraction of the total number of particles is wet (covered by binder and therefore "sticky") while the rest of the particles are dry. The numerical simulation depicts two distinct regimes of agglomeration found in a typical granulator: granule growth and subsequent breakup. During granule growth-simulations, final granule size and shape distributions are obtained by analyzing the size and shape of formed granules using a pattern-recognition technique. A second kind of simulation, also using rapid granular flow modeling, follows the rotation and deformation of an "agglomerate" held together by a liquid binder. Results from these simulations yield critical values of the Stokes number. Below the critical value, the agglomerates are stable and only rotate in response to shear while above the critical value they break into two or more pieces. At the critical value, they attain a steady elongated shape. Using values of the critical Stokes number, the model predicts the size of formed granules. The existence of the critical state in which granules attain a characteristic elongated shape is used to measure shear forces in a granulator by employing calibrated "test" particles of known strength. This knowledge is employed in granulation scale-up to determine a kinematic rule that conserves stresses in the small and the large-scale machines. It was found that conserving the magnitude of internal stresses in the moving powder yields granules with similar attributes in granulators of different size.
Prolonged infusion of angiotensin II into normal rats induces stellate cell activation and proinflammatory events in liver

Recent evidence indicates that angiotensin II (ANG II) plays an important role in liver fibrogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In advanced chronic liver diseases, cir...
Selection in Captivity during Supportive Breeding May Reduce Fitness in the Wild

Abstract: I used a quantitative genetic model to explore the effects of selection on the fitness of a wild population subject to supportive breeding. Supportive breeding is the boosting of a wild population's size by breeding part of the population in captivity and releasing the captive progeny back into the wild. The model assumes that a single trait is under selection with different optimum trait values in the captive and wild environments. The model shows that when the captive population is closed to gene flow from the wild population, even low levels of gene flow from the captive population to the wild population will shift the wild population's mean phenotype so that it approaches the optimal phenotype in captivity. If the captive population receives gene flow from the wild, the shift in the wild population's mean phenotype becomes less pronounced but can still be substantial. The approach to the new mean phenotype can occur in less than 50 generations. The fitness consequences of the phenotypic shift depend on the details of the model, but a>30% decline in fitness can occur over a broad range of parameter values. The rate of gene flow between the two environments, and hence the outcome of the model, is sensitive to the wild environment's carrying capacity and the population growth rate it can support. The results have two important implications for conservation efforts. First, they show that selection in captivity may significantly reduce a wild population's fitness during supportive breeding and that even continually introducing wild individuals into the captive population will not eliminate this effect entirely. Second, the sensitivity of the model's outcome to the wild environment's quality suggests that conserving or restoring a population's habitat is important for preventing fitness loss during supportive breeding.
Lower-cost, relocatable lunar polar lander and lunar surface sample return probes

Key science and exploration objectives of lunar robotic precursor missions can be achieved with the Lunar Explorer (LEx) low-cost, robotic surface mission concept described herein. Selected elements of the LEx concept can also be used to create a lunar surface sample return mission that we have called Boomerang.
Optimal Metering in the Bottleneck Congestion Model

Abstract This paper examines whether metering entry to highways can reduce commuting costs. We consider a modified version of the bottleneck congestion model which includes travel time downstream of the bottleneck. The highway authority's choice of an entry rate enables it to substitute queuing time for travel time. The authority's choice is constrained by the road's speed–flow curve. We find that the benefits of metering increase as the speed that would prevail in the absence of metering decreases and as the speed–flow curve gets flatter. The major cost of metering is providing a holding area for vehicles waiting to enter.
Reticulate Evolution, Introgression, and Intertribal Gene Capture in an Allohexaploid Grass

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of polyploid plants have successfully clarified complex patterns of reticulate evolution. In this study of Elymus repens, an allohexaploid member of the wheat tribe Triticeae, chloroplast and nuclear DNA data reveal an extreme reticulate pattern, revealing at least five distinct gene lineages coexisting within the species, acquired through a possible combination of allohexaploidy and introgression from both within and beyond the Triticeae. Earlier cytogenetic studies of E. repens suggested that Hordeum (genome H) and Pseudoroegneria (St) were genome donors to E. repens. Chloroplast DNA data presented here (from the rpoA gene and from the region between trnT and trnF) identify three potential maternal genome donors (Pseudoroegneria, Thinopyrum, and Dasypyrum), and information from previous molecular work suggests that, of these, Pseudoroegneria is the most likely maternal donor. Nuclear starch synthase gene data indicate that both Hordeum and Pseudoroegneria have contributed to the nuclear genome of E. repens, in agreement with cytogenetic data. However, these data also show unexpected contributions from Taeniatherum, and from two additional donors of unknown identity. One of the sequences of unknown origin falls within the Triticeae, but is not closely associated with any of the sampled diploid genera. The second falls outside of the clade containing Triticeae and its outgroup Bromus, suggesting the acquisition of genetic material from a surprisingly divergent source. Bias toward the amplification of certain starch synthase variants has complicated attempts to thoroughly sample from within individuals, but the data clearly indicate a complex pattern of reticulate evolution, consistent not only with allohexaploidy, but also with introgression from unexpectedly divergent sources.
V. Genetic heterogeneity of rat-derived Pneumocystis

Two distinct levels of genetic diversity have been reported for Pneumocystis populations harbored by rat colonies. The first, more dramatic level of diversity, was exhibited by 2 populations that were found to co-exist within individual rat lungs and retain genetic identity. These 2 populations were originally called ‘prototype and variant’[1, 2], based on fidelity to and divergence from the small ribosomal subunit gene sequences originally reported for rat derived Pneumocystis [3, 4]. Subsequently, these populations have been awarded ‘special form’ status. Pneumocystis carinii f.sp. carinii and Pneumocystis carinii f.sp. ratti are now used to designate ‘prototype’ and ‘variant’ populations, respectively [5, 6] (discussed below). The second level of diversity was more subtle and characterized by low levels of genetic polymorphisms among karyotypic forms of the ‘prototype’ population. The levels of divergence between ‘prototype’ and ‘variant’ were characterized as Class II and those among the ‘prototype’ populations as Class I using the genetic ranking system described by Stringer [7]. This system of classification is based on sequence comparisons at 5 genetic loci: thymidylate synthase, mitochondrial large subunit rRNA, β-tubulin, arom, and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) in the nuclear ribosomal RNA locus. The highest level of divergence was observed among Pneumocystis populations from different mammalian hosts and ranged between 15–50% divergence at the selected loci, with the ITS regions being most divergent. Class II divergence ranged from 4–7% for all genes, but within the ITS regions a 20–30% divergence was observed. This level of divergence approaches that seen among bonafide species of other microbes. Class I sequences differed by 0–0.8% in the 4 gene sequences and by 2–4% in the ITS regions. Differences among Pneumocystis populations obtained from human beings have been shown to only vary at a Class I level, as well as …
Evidence for a prosurvival role of alpha‐7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in alternatively (M2)‐activated macrophages

Recent observations in endothelial cells and macrophages indicate that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are potential novel players in mechanisms linked to atherogenesis. In macrophages, α7nAChR mediates anti-inflammatory actions and contributes to regulation of cholesterol flux and phagocytosis. Considering that macrophage apoptosis is a key process throughout all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development, in the present study, we examined for the first time the impact of α7nAChR expression and function in macrophage survival and apoptosis using in vitro polarized (M1 and M2) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type and α7nAChR knockout mice. Our findings show that stimulation of α7nAChR results in activation of the STAT3 prosurvival pathway and protection of macrophages from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. These actions are rather selective for M2 BMDMs and are associated to activation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis. Remarkably, these effects are completely lost in M2 macrophages lacking α7nAChR.
Non-antigen-specific B-cell activation following murine gammaherpesvirus infection is CD4 independent in vitro but CD4 dependent in vivo

The murine gammaherpesvirus MHV-68 multiplies in the respiratory epithelium after intranasal inoculation, then spreads to infect B cells in lymphoid germinal centers. Exposing B cells to MHV-68 in vitro caused an increase in cell size, up-regulation of the CD69 activation marker, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) production. The infectious process in vivo was also associated with increased CD69 expression on B cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleen, together with a rise in total serum Ig. However, whereas the in vitro effect on B cells was entirely T-cell independent, evidence of in vivo B-cell activation was minimal in CD4+ T-cell-deficient (I-Ab−/−) or CD4+ T-cell-depleted mice. Furthermore, the Ig present at high levels in serum was predominantly of the IgG class. Surprisingly, the titer of influenza virus-specific serum IgG in previously immunized mice fell following MHV-68 infection, suggesting that there was relatively little activation of memory B cells. Thus, CD4+ T cells seemed both to amplify a direct viral activation of B cells in lymphoid tissue and to promote new Ig class switching despite a lack of obvious cognate antigen.
Recent trends and advances in UWB positioning

Since the ruling of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States to open up the spectrum from 3.1–10.6 GHz for ultra wideband (UWB) applications in 2002, interest in the use of UWB for localization outside of military applications has skyrocketed. The multi-purpose nature of UWB for localization and also high or low data rate communication make it robust and attractive in many indoor applications including wireless sensor networks, medical body area networks (BANs), surgical navigation, etc. A push towards integrating UWB with global positioning systems (GPS), wireless local area networks (WLANs), Wi-Fi, and inertial measurement units (IMUs) help to mitigate localization errors with redundancy and increase interoperability with existing technologies. A look at the current trends both in the research community and industry highlight future applications of UWB positioning and the technologies which will serve as the building blocks in these systems.
The Use of Text Messaging to Promote Physical Activity in Working Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The study evaluated the effects of a text message intervention on physical activity in adult working women. Methods: Eightyseven participants were randomized to an intervention (n = 41) or control group (n = 46). Pedometer step counts and measures of self-efficacy were collected at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Intervention participants received approximately 3 text messages per week that were motivational, informational, and specific to performing physical activity. Results: ANCOVA results showed a significant difference between groups for mean steps per day at 12 weeks (6540.0 vs. 5685.0, P = .01) and no significant difference at 24 weeks (6867.7 vs. 6189.0, P = .06). There was no change in mean step counts during or after the intervention compared with baseline. There was a significant difference between groups for mean self-efficacy scores at 12 weeks (68.5 vs. 60.3, P = .02) and at 24 weeks (67.3 vs. 59.0, P = .03). Conclusion: Intervention participants had higher step counts after 12...
Blood and milk protein polymorphisms in relation to feed efficiency and production traits of dairy cattle.

Abstract The relationship was studied between 14 biochemical polymorphisms, including 9 blood antigens, serum transferrin, and 4 milk protein systems, and 8 quantitative traits consisting of measures of milk composition, feed efficiency, and consumption of dry matter. Data from 184 Holstein cows fed experimentally during their first lactation were over 10 year-seasons from 14 sire groups on 4 different rations. In all cases, ration differences were large (P
Oscillations of a quadratically damped pendulum

A physical pendulum consisting of a circular disk at the end of a thin metal rod is connected to a low-friction rotary motion sensor, so that its angular position and velocity can be accurately measured. The disk can be oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the plane of swing to give significant or negligible air drag, respectively. The motion is analytically modeled in phase space. A quadratic dependence of the damping torque on the angular velocity fits the results. This laboratory experiment is suitable for undergraduate physics majors taking a first or second course in classical mechanics.
Accelerating Medicines Partnership: Alzheimer’s Disease (AMP-AD) Knowledge Portal Aids Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery through Open Data Sharing

The development and testing of new medications takes too long, costs too much, and fails too often. This truism was the impetus for discussions in 2011 between Dr Francis Collins, Director of the N...
The Development of a Test of Motor Creativity

Abstract Four test items were devised for each of four motivators: rubber balls, parallel-lines, a red hoop, and a low balance beam. These motivators were designed to serve as stimuli for tests capable of differentiating individual ability to produce both number and uniqueness of motor responses in problem solving tasks of a motor nature. Eight of the test items were administered one day and the remaining eight the following day. Equivalent form reliabilities for items ranged from .59 to .92. Internal coefficient reliabilities were .87 for day I and .92 for day II; however, because of factors such as intrasubject variance only day I data were subjected to a multiple regression analysis to determine the final test battery. Methods of scoring, such as summing the number of responses (fluency), computing frequency of occurrence (originality), and combining the fluency and originality scores were investigated. Three test forms, each measuring a different aspect of motor creativity, emerged from the analysis. ...
Long-term outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients receiving dialysis

慢性透析患者に対する冠動脈バイパス手術 (CABG) は, 最近増加している. このため術後近接期の予後についての報告は散見されるようになり, その術後成績の安定化を認めている. しかし, 遠隔期の予後については未だ報告は少ないため, 当院での遠隔期予後について検討した. 対象は1983年1月から1999年12月までの慢性透析施行中の単独CABG症例77例とした. 年齢は40歳から76歳 (平均60歳), 男61例, 女16例. 術前平均透析期間6年で原疾患は糖尿病 (DM) 32例, 慢性糸球体腎炎 (CGN) 27例, 腎硬化症 (NS) 10例, その他8例であった. 手術は体外循環下低体温心停止下で行うのを原則とし, 中枢神経系合併症の可能性が高い症例などを拍動下で行う方針とした. 術前後の体液管理は, 術前2日間の連続透析と体外循環中に透析を行い, 術後第2日目より血液透析を開始した. 在院死は8例で消化管出血3例, 敗血症2例, 脳死, 不整脈, 心原性ショックが各々1例であった. この内5例がDMを原疾患とする症例であった. 遠隔期死亡例は24例で急性心筋梗塞4例, 心不全2例, 透析脳症2例, 脳出血2例, その他悪性腫瘍, 高カリウム血症, 衰弱, 膿胸を, 1例づつ, 突然死2例, 不明8例であった. 原疾患別ではDM例10例, CGN例7例, NS例4例, その他3例であった. 累積生存率は3年0.699, 5年0.577, 7年0.425で, 原疾患別では, DM例は3年0.665, 5年0.332, 7年0.166であり, CGN例では3年0.798, 5年0.798, 7年0.709, 10年0.709であった. 慢性透析患者のCABGの遠隔期予後は満足できるものではない. 特に原疾患がCGN例は予後良好であるが, DM例はCGN例に比較し有意差をもって予後不良であった. 従ってDMを原疾患とする透析症例に対するCABGは適応を慎重にする必要があると考える.
Synthesis, Assembly, and Image Analysis of Spheroidal Patchy Particles

We report a method to synthesize and image Janus spheroid and "kayak" shaped patchy particles that combine both shape and interaction anisotropy. These particles are fabricated by sequentially combining evaporative deposition of chrome and gold with the uniaxial deformation of the colloidal particles into spheroids. We introduce combined reflection and fluorescence confocal microscopy to image each component of the patchy particle. Image analysis algorithms that resolve patch orientation from these image volumes are described and used to characterize self-assembly behavior. Assemblies of the Janus spheroid and kayak particles produced at different salt concentrations demonstrate the functional nature of the patch-to-patch interactions between the particles. Selective gold-to-gold patch bonding is observed at intermediate salt concentrations, while higher salt concentrations yield gel-like structures with nonselective patch-to-patch bonding. At intermediate salt concentrations, differences in the orientational order of the assemblies indicate that both the preferential gold-to-gold patch bonding and the particles' shape anisotropy influence the self-assembled structure.
LASSO Model of Postdisaster Housing Recovery: Case Study of Hurricane Sandy

AbstractUnderstanding the recovery phase of the disaster cycle is still in its infancy. A thorough grasp of recovery can lead to effective postdisaster planning, which is essential for enabling communities to recover quickly from natural and human-made catastrophes. Recent major disasters such as Hurricanes Sandy and Katrina have revealed the inability of existing policies and planning to promptly restore infrastructure, residential properties, and commercial activities in affected communities. While many studies examined the macroeconomic effects of certain policies on overall recovery, very few, if any, have focused on modeling the housing recovery decisions of households and their contributions to the community’s recovery. The reestablishment of housing is a crucial parameter in understanding recovery processes because it has a ripple effect on the overall timing of recovery. The objective of this study is to create a model capable of predicting postdisaster housing recovery decisions founded on the da...
CHAPTER 8:Stem Cells and Drug Metabolism

Stem cells have a high self-renewal capability and can give rise to any cell in the body making them a very attractive target for researchers in regenerative medicine, as well as drug discovery and development. Preclinical screening of drug metabolism is a fundamental component of drug development and is used to aid in predicting drug bioavailability, drug–drug interactions, and toxicity. The main tissues responsible for drug metabolism are the liver, intestine, and kidney. Tissue specific cells generated from pluripotent stem cells for all three of these organs have vast potential to aid in drug metabolism screens. In this chapter we provide an overview of the current state of stem cell technologies regarding their use in drug metabolism screening, with an emphasis on stem cell derived hepatocytes.
Firms' heterogeneity, incomplete information, and pass-through *

A large body of empirical work documents that prices of traded goods change by a smaller proportion than real exchange rates between the trading countries (incomplete pass-through). I present a Ricardian model of trade and international price-setting with heterogeneous firms, Bertrand competition and incomplete information. The model implies that: 1) firm-level pass-through is incomplete and a U-shaped function of firm-level productivity and market share; and 2) controlling for firm market share, producers operating under incomplete information, like for example new entrants in a market, exhibit lower pass-through rates than producers operating under complete information. Estimates from a panel data set of cars prices support the predictions of the model.
Digitalis in the management of heart failure

After 200 years in which digitalis has been the key drug in the pharmacotherapy of cardiac failure, there is now beginning to emerge a body of evidence suggesting which patients will respond—both symptomatically and in ventricular function—to the cardiac glycoside. A patient with low cardiac output and lack of cardiac reserve should benefit most.
Migraine and ovarian steroid hormones

This chapter reviews clinical and epidemiological data that support a role for ovarian steroid hormones in the migraine syndrome. Changes in the clinical presentation of migraine are discussed on t...
Palliative care for people with progressive neurological disease: what is the role?

Although patients with neurological disease do receive palliative care the involvement of palliative care may only occur in the final stages of the illness trajectory, when communication and cognition may be affected and the influence of palliative care is limited. Palliative care services should be made available throughout the disease trajectory according to the specific needs of individual patients and their families The involvement of palliative care may be episodic throughout the disease progression as new issues emerge and as various decisions have to be made. Patients with a number of conditions may have little need for palliative care for long periods, but there will be occasions, especially as the end of life approaches, when the wider multi- disciplinary approach is required, so that their quality of life may be maintained and they are able to die peacefully.
Stimulation of proliferation of bovine placental cells by products of activated mononuclear leukocytes.

Culture medium conditioned with concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear leukocytes was tested for its ability to stimulate in vitro proliferation of bovine placental cells. The crude preparation of cytokines caused a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine uptake into cells obtained by trypsinization of fresh bovine placentae and placental cell lines established from cellular outgrowths of long-term bovine placental cultures, but had no effect on growth of 3T3 fibroblasts. Growth of trypsinized placental cells was not enhanced by culture in the presence of interleukin-2, interferon-β2, interferon-γ, or tumor necrosis factor-α. These results corroborate those of murine studies, suggesting a growth-promoting role for cytokines released into the maternal-fetal interface.
Diagnosis of Polymyositis

The criteria for the diagnosis of polymyositis, the differential diagnosis, and treatment are reported from the Division of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Linear code duality between channel coding and Slepian-Wolf coding

We study the duality between channel coding and Slepian-Wolf coding in the linear coding framework. We show how a code (both its encoder and decoder) for a symmetric channel coding problem can be used to design a code for a general Slepian-Wolf problem. Conversely, we show how a code for a symmetric Slepian-Wolf problem can be used to design a code for a general channel coding problem. The exact relations between the rates and the probability of errors of the two codes are established.
Differentiation of hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Recent studies have demonstrated tremendous potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes to model cardiac diseases in vitro, as well as to evaluate the cardiac safety of potential new drug candidates. As the field has evolved, it has become more feasible to use hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in various molecular and physiological assays, creating a need for differentiation protocols to yield a large number of more mature cardiomyocytes. Currently, the most cost-effective cardiac differentiation protocols have exploited small molecule compounds to manipulate components of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is critical for early cardiac development. In this chapter we explore adaptations made to boost chemically defined cardiac differentiation protocols to further enhance their effectiveness and reproducibility across independent hiPSC clones and lines.
Pediatric Forearm Fractures

Comprehensive pediatric forearm fracture (see Fig. 18.1) evaluation includes determination of open versus closed status, neurovascular status, postreduction stability, associated injuries, and possible compartment syndrome.
Microvascular anomaly conditions in psychiatric disease. Schizophrenia – angiogenesis connection

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder with unknown etiology and elusive neuropathological and neurobiological features have been a focus of many theoretical hypotheses and empirical studies. Current genetic and neurobiology information relevant to SZ implicates neuronal developmental and synaptic plasticity abnormalities, and neurotransmitter, microglial and oligodendrocytes dysfunction. Several recent theories have highlighted the neurovascular unit as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of SZ. We explored the biological plausibility of a link between SZ and the neurovascular system by examining insights gained from genetic, neuroimaging and postmortem studies, which include gene expression and neuropathology analyses. We also reviewed information from animal models of cerebral angiogenesis in order to understand better the complex interplay between angiogenic and neurotrophic factors in development, vascular endothelium/blood brain barrier remodeling and maintenance, all of which contribute to sustaining adequate regional blood flow and safeguarding normal brain function. Microvascular and hemodynamic alterations in SZ highlight the importance of further research and reveal the neurovascular unit as a potential therapeutic target in SZ.
CORRUPTION PROBLEM IN SLOVAKIA: THE MEDIA SPHERE

The paper presents the corruption issue by highlighting the actual situation of corruption in the Slovak society. This problem has a historical background when after 1993 the Slovak Republic was separated from the Czech Republic. The author offers theoretical attitudes which are necessary to apply in practice for to improve situation in Slovakia. Theoretical information was gained from relevant sources. The author tries to apply official results from Transparency International and other institutes. The media has great effect on public opinion and therefore investigative journalism should be developed which could uncover media property and corruption in the whole society. Journalism should be independent of politicians. It should be objective, full of truthful information with verifiable sources. In the last part of the paper some solutions are suggested which should be applied in practise as they can help to address corruption solutions. In other words, necessary measures may support the healthy environment with social welfare and spur development of the society. KEYWORDS: corruption, media, the Slovak Republic.
Towards Highly scalable Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) Simulations on the Intel Knights Landing Manycore Processor

The Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) method allows scientists to treat the dynamics of molecular and condensed phase systems while retaining a first-principles-based description of their interactions. This extremely important method has tremendous computational requirements, because the electronic Schrodinger equation, approximated using Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (DFT), is solved at every time step. With the advent of manycore architectures, application developers have a significant amount of processing power within each compute node that can only be exploited through massive parallelism. A compute intensive application such as AIMD forms a good candidate to leverage this processing power. In this paper, we focus on adding thread level parallelism to the plane wave DFT methodology implemented in NWChem. Through a careful optimization of tall-skinny matrix products, which are at the heart of the Lagrange Multiplier and non-local pseudopotential kernels, as well as 3D FFTs, our OpenMP implementation delivers excellent strong scaling on the latest Intel Knights Landing (KNL) processor. We assess the efficiency of our Lagrange multipliers kernels by building a Roofline model of the platform, and verify that our implementation is close to the roofline for various problem sizes. Finally, we present strong scaling results on the complete AIMD simulation for a 64 water molecules test case, that scales up to all 68 cores of the Knights Landing processor.
Overview of Closed Loop Results for MACE

Abstract This paper presents closed loop results and insight from the on-orbit experiments of the Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE). MACE was flown in the shuttle middeck on STS-67 in March 1995 to investigate issues associated with a change in operational environment from ground to space based operations of a payload pointing spacecraft that cannot be tested in a realistic ground simulation. These results show that equivalent performance can be obtained using finite element based and measurement based control, the benefits available from testing a structure on the ground, even in a different configuration to that used on-orbit, and the limitations associated with various control topologies. These MACE results provide much insight into how future on-orbit closed loop experiments can be improved.
A pentadentate nitrogen-rich copper electrocatalyst for water reduction with pH-dependent molecular mechanisms

The new pentadentate 3d9 complex [CuII(LN2Py3)](PF6)2 (1) based on a nitrogen-rich framework acts as an electrocatalyst toward dihydrogen production from water. This species is active at pHs 7 and 2.5 yielding respective TON3h values of 1670 and 3900. Comparison of the molecular structure of 1 with that of the reduced [CuI(LN2Py3)]PF6 (2) evidences elongated Cu-N bond lengths resulting from an increased electron density around the 3d10 CuI center. The absence of nanoparticulate formation indicates that molecular mechanisms prevail at both pHs. Furthermore, experimental and DFT data support that distinct mechanisms are operative: while the metal center plays a key role at pH 7, one dangling pyridine moiety gets protonated at pH 2.5 and becomes actively involved in a relay mechanism. In both cases the CuIII-H- intermediate seems to be bypassed by PCET processes.
The Complex Relationships Between Iron Regulation, Obesity, and Anemia

Obesity is a common health problem affecting over 1.9 billion adults worldwide. Iron-deficiency anemia is also a universal health problem. It has been shown in several studies that obesity interferes with iron regulation while not necessarily causing anemia. In exploring the mechanisms underlying iron regulation in obesity, we discover that this complex relationship involves several other facets of metabolism that center around how dietary interaction affects the adipocyte or fat cell, and that these mechanisms are central to the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes. The adipocyte releases several hormones or adipokines, the two most studied being leptin and adiponectin. Leptin is secreted by the fat cell and blocks the appetite center in the hypothalamus. Adiponectin is secreted by the fat cell and promotes the oxidization of free fatty acids, helping clear them from the circulation. Elevated adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and glucose transport, while its reduction promotes the metabolic syndrome, central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is associated with macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue, and the macrophage is responsible for the release of the bulk of inflammatory cytokines. Increased inflammatory cytokines in turn stimulate the release of hepcidin from adipocytes and the liver. Hepcidin is a protective molecule that blocks intestinal iron absorption through the enterocyte and internalizes the ferroportin iron exporter to increase iron loading inside the cell. This key mechanism behind the anemia of chronic disease sequesters iron in the adipocyte, blocking the production of both leptin and adiponectin. This helps explain the clinical picture of iron deficiency seen in obesity.
A triple mode waveguide corrugated horn antenna using 3D printing technology

A triple mode circular waveguide horn antenna with corrugated chokes manufactured using 3D printing technology is presented. The three modes are TE11, TM01, and TE21 which are generated in a single structure. The 3D printed antenna used PC-ABS material coated with conductive silver ink. The antenna achieved a common simulated and measured matching bandwidth of 7.40GHz to 7.89GHz for all the three modes. The antenna was also tested for radiation pattern quality.
A Novel Deep Learning Based Multi-class Classification Method for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection Using Brain MRI Data

Alzheimer’s Disease is a severe neurological brain disorder. It destroys brain cells causing people to lose their memory, mental functions and ability to continue daily activities. Alzheimer’s Disease is not curable, but earlier detection can help improve symptoms in a great deal. Machine learning techniques can vastly improve the process for accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease. In recent days deep learning techniques have achieved major success in medical image analysis. But relatively little investigation has been done to applying deep learning techniques for Alzheimer’s Disease detection and classification. This paper presents a novel deep learning model for multi-Class Alzheimer’s Disease detection and classification using Brain MRI Data. We design a very deep convolutional network and demonstrate the performance on the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database.
Pediatric Depression Symptoms, Executive Functioning Weaknesses, and Associated Neuropsychological and Psychiatric Outcomes

Despite numerous studies in adults, only a handful of studies have examined executive functioning (EF) in childhood depression. Our study examined the relationship between significant depressive symptoms and an EF weakness in a child inpatient psychiatric setting. A medical chart review was conducted for 98 ethnically diverse 6- to 12-year-old boys and girls, who received a neuropsychological evaluation during their psychiatric inpatient hospitalization. Children were classified as having depressive symptoms if they had a T-Score 1.5 SD above the mean on at least 1 subdomain of the Childhood Depression Inventory and classified as having an EF weakness if they had a T-score 1.5 SD below the mean on at least 1 test of executive functioning. Results indicated that compared to children with either depressive symptoms only or only an EF weakness, children with both depressive symptoms and an EF weakness had poorer cognitive test performance on a measure of immediate memory (F(2,72) = 4.07, p = .000; Cohen’s d = −.83 and −.90, respectively) and longer hospitalizations stay (F(2,93) = 4.04, p = .021; Cohen’s d = .54 and .62, respectively). Additionally, children with both depressive symptoms and an EF weakness had higher rates of ADHD than children with depressive symptoms only (OR = 2.11) and higher rates of EF weaknesses than children with only an EF weakness (t(60) = 2.54, p = .014; Cohen’s d = .68). Results suggest that not all children with depressive symptoms have an EF weakness; however, children who present with this comorbidity are at risk for more cognitive difficulties and significant psychiatric outcomes including prolonged hospitalizations.
Is Sexism for White People? Gender Stereotypes, Race, and the 2016 Presidential Election

On November 8, 2016 Donald Trump, a man with no office-holding experience, won the Electoral College, defeating the first woman to receive the presidential nomination from a major party. This paper offers the first observational test of how sexism affects presidential vote choice in the general election, adding to the rich literature on gender and candidate success for lower-level offices. We argue that the 2016 election implicated gender through Hillary Clinton’s candidacy and Donald Trump’s sexist rhetoric, and activated gender attitudes such that sexism is associated with vote choice. Using an Election Day exit poll survey of over 1300 voters conducted at 12 precincts in a mid-size city and a national survey of over 10,000 White and Black Americans, we find that a politically defined measure of sexism—the belief that men are better suited emotionally for politics than women—predicts support for Trump both in terms of vote choice and favorability. We find the effect is strongest and most consistent among White voters. However, a domestically defined measure of sexism—whether men should be in control of their wives—offers little explanatory power over the vote. In total, our results demonstrate the importance of gender in the 2016 election, beyond mere demographic differences in vote choice: beliefs about gender and fitness for office shape both White men and women’s preferences.
Using gene expression in patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia to assess the risk of cancer.

Abstract Patients diagnosed with an endometrial cancer precursor lesion on biopsy may be found to have endometrial cancer at the time of subsequent surgery. The current study seeks to identify patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) on biopsy that may be harboring an occult carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains for gene loss of expression (LOE) for 6 genes, PTEN, ARID1A, MSH6, MSH2, MLH1, and PMS2, were performed on 113 biopsy specimens with EIN. For the 95 patients with follow-up histology, 40 patients had cancer, 41 had EIN, and 14 had normal endometrium. PTEN LOE was found frequently in both EIN and endometrial cancer, and therefore had low positive predictive value. All specimens with ARID1A, MSH6, MSH2, MLH1, or PMS2 LOE on biopsy were subsequently found to have cancer. LOE of any gene was associated with modest sensitivity (0.78) in identifying patients with endometrial cancer who had EIN on biopsy. Further investigation is warranted to determine if gene LOE is a useful clinical tool when evaluating patients with EIN on biopsy.
Priority based restoration of unbalanced electric distribution systems after multiple faults

This paper presents a heuristic optimization model to restore the electrical distribution systems (EDS) after multiple faults due to natural disasters. The algorithm finds the switching sequence to energize as many healthy zones as possible after multiple simultaneous faults in an unbalanced distribution system. To improve the grid resiliency, utilities have to quickly clear the faults and restore power to the affected customers. The proposed algorithm also gives the order in which the faults have to be cleared depending on the disconnected load and the number of customers affected. Weights can be assigned based on priority to critical loads such as hospitals, emergency call centers, fire stations etc. At each step of the switching sequence, the distribution system operating constraints such as line flows, bus voltages have to be satisfied. OpenDSS is used to perform power flow and MATLAB for optimization. Studies on IEEE-123 bus system validate the algorithm proposed.
Surface Chemistry of Metal and Semiconductor Clusters

In recent years a rather remarkable evolution of molecular beam experiments has taken place. This evolution is remarkable not so much in the high level of technology involved, or the increasing level of intricacy and sophistication — this technical evolution has been proceeding fairly continuously ever since the first crude experiments several decades ago. What is remarkable is that a qualitative change is taking place in the very subject matter of these experiments.
Statool: A Tool for Distribution Envelope Determination (DEnv), an Interval-Based Algorithm for Arithmetic on Random Variables

We present Statool, a software tool for obtaining bounds on the distributions of sums, products, and various other functions of random variables where the dependency relationship of the random variables need not be specified. Statool implements the DEnv algorithm, which we have described previously [4] but not implemented. Our earlier tool addressed only the much more elementary case of independent random variables [3]. An existing tool, RiskCalc [13], also addresses the case of unknown dependency using a different algorithm [33] based on copulas [23], while descriptions and implementations of still other algorithms for similar problems will be reported soon [17] as the area proceeds through a phase of rapid development.
Geospatial Visualization of Mobile Stroke Unit Dispatches: A Method to Optimize Service Performance.

Background: Timely treatment of acute ischemic stroke is crucial to optimize outcomes. Mobile stroke units (MSU) have demonstrated ultrafast treatment compared to standard emergency care. Geospatial analysis of the distribution of MSU cases to optimize service delivery has not been reported. Methods: We aggregated all first-year MSU dispatch occurrences and all cases classified by clinical teams as true stroke by zip code and calculated dispatch and true stroke incidence rates. We mapped dispatch and stroke cases and symbolized incidence rates by standard deviation. We confirmed visual impressions of clusters from map inspection by local Moran’s I , boxplot inspection, and t test. We calculated service areas using drive times to meet dispatch and true stroke need. Results: A significant cluster of high dispatch incident rate was confirmed around our MSU base in urban Memphis within a 5-min driving area supporting the initial placement of the MSU based on 911 activation. A significant cluster of high true stroke rate was confirmed to the east of our MSU base in suburban Memphis within a 10-min driving area. Mean incident longitude of cases of true stroke versus disregarded status was significantly eastward ( p = 0.001785). Conclusion: Our findings will facilitate determination of socio-spatial antecedents of neighborhood overutilization of 911 and MSU services in our urban neighborhoods and service delivery optimization to reach neighborhoods with true stroke burden.
A carbon nanoparticles‐based solid‐phase purification method facilitating sensitive MALDI–MS analysis of permethylated N‐glycans

In recent decades, MALDI-MS has been extensively used for the analysis of glycans. However, native glycans usually have low ionization efficiency in MS, which hinders the direct analysis. Permethylation of glycans is a solution for this issue, but a significant amount of salt is introduced during this process, which can further suppress the MS signals. Thus, it is necessary to purify the glycans prior to MALDI-MS analysis. In this study, we developed a carbon nanoparticles-based solid-phase purification method to enable direct MALDI-MS analysis of permethylated glycans. Two carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and graphene nanosheets (GNs), and two conventional carbon materials, activated charcoal and porous graphitic carbon (PGC), were investigated as sorbents to purify permethylated N-glycans derived from ribonuclease B and fetuin. The results confirmed the superior performance of CNPs over the other carbon materials. Additionally, our method was also employed to purify glycans released from human sera in different esophageal disease stages. The obtained data confirmed 16 and 18 structures in adenocarcinoma and Barret's sera with significantly different relative intensities versus disease-free sera. Comparing the performance of CNPs-based solid-phase purification method employed in this study to online purification suggested more than 97% recovery rate. The results of this study demonstrate that CNPs have the potential to be a better alternative to existing solid-phase purification sorbents.
Optimal Control for AC and DC Power Quality of VSC-HVDC

In Voltage Source Converter-based High Voltage DC transmission (VSC-HVDC), the unbalance of AC grid is caused by the power quality deterioration, such as AC grid current disturbance and DC voltage periodic ripple. Firstly, the forming reason of system power ripple is introduced under the unbalance of AC grid. An optimal control strategy for AC and DC is proposed. Taking the instantaneous active power without ripple, the voltage outer-loop based on sliding mode control is designed. Secondly, a grid current control under single d-q frame is proposed. With the VSC mathematical model of single d-q frame under the unbalance AC grid conditions, and the reference expressions of positive and negative sequence current components under single positive sequence d-q frame are obtained according the reverse-model principle. Furthermore, the proportional integral plus repetitive control strategy is proposed to implement the control of the current under the single d-q frame, as a result, the effect of the AC grid unbalance on the AC and DC power quality of VSC can be reduced. The corresponding simulation results verify the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
PROLONGED PROGRESSION-FREE SURVIVAL WITH PARTIAL DISEASE REGRESSION IN ADVANCED METASTATIC MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA TREATED WITH VANDETANIB

Objective: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), derived from thyroidal parafollicular C-cells, is a difficult treatment problem when presenting with advanced and meta-static disease. The recent addition...
Optimization-based Design and Analysis of Planar Rotary Springs

This paper develops new methods to design high performance rotary series elastic actuator springs for robotics applications. The approach is based on a spring arm mathematical model that was previously introduced by the authors. The key contribution is the development of an optimization-based design method which maximizes the springs' overall torque density through optimization of the arm profile. An improved analysis algorithm allows for rapid torsional loading response simulation with possible internal contacts between the spring arms. The proposed design and analysis algorithms are validated through FEA and prototype mechanical testing.