cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization, recognition properties and recognition mechanism of L-Trp-chiral molecularly imprinted membranes

A molecularly imprinted membranes(MIMs) was developed by ultraviolet light induced polymerization using polysulfone(PSF) ultrafiltration membrane as support membrane,L-tryptophan as template molecule,methylacrylic acid as functional monomer.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and atomic force microscopy((AFM) are used to analyze the surface morphology of the membranes.Specific molecule recognition ability and recognition mechanism were studied in detail.Scatchard analysis showed that the major bonding of molecularly imprinted membranes and template molecule hydrogen bonding interaction is hydrogen bond.The separation factors of L-tryptophan on the corresponding MIMs is 4.1.
Analysis of the Utilization of Cephalosporins in 34 Hospitals in Chongqing Area from 2009 to 2011

OBJECTIVE:To understand the application and trends of cephalosporins in hospitals from Chongqing area,and to provide reference for rational drug use and scientific management in the clinic. METHODS:The utilization of cephalosporins in 34 hospitals from Chongqing area during 2009-2011 was analyzed statistically in respects of consumption sum,DDDs and DDC. RESULTS:In the last three years,the consumption sum of cephalosporins accounted for 10.09% of total drug consumption sum,increasing by 23.35% in 2010 compared with 2009,but decreasing by 13.23% in 2011 compared with 2010. The consumption sum of the 3rd-generation cephalosporins accounted for 49.04% of the cephalosporins;however,that of the 4th-generation cephalosporins accounted for 9.28% of the cephalosporins,declining year by year. DDDs of the 3rd-generation cephalosporins was 46.42% of total DDDs. DDC of the 4th-generation cephalosporins was 163.89 yuan,ranking the first place. CONCLUSIONS:The 3rd-generation cephalosporins are majority in Chongqing area. Physicians should select drugs based on the results of drug sensitivity test so as to standardize the utilization of cephalosporins.
Getting Around to Being Strategic

IT strategic planning for libraries is broken down into eight one-hour steps that can be adapted to meet the planning needs of any size library IT organization, making the process more approachable by reducing the perceived amount of time involved in such a strategic process. Tips for approaching each of the eight steps are also included.
Efficient organic light emitting diodes and photodetectors

Organic electronic devices are now finding commercial applications in displays, with potential use emerging in inexpensive electronic devices currently emerging. We discuss means for obtaining extremely high efficiency organic light emitting devices (OLED) for displays, and organic photodetectors for power conversion and other detection applications, by effectively confining and capturing molecular excited states by appropriate and precision insertion of energy barriers in these devices. The first device is an electrophosphorescent OLED. We show that by employing metallorganic phosphor molecules, nearly 100% internal electroluminescent efficiency can be achieved. Fundamentally, the presence of the heavy metal atom in molecular structure induces efficient intersystem crossing between the singlet and triplet excitonic states. Furthermore, it considerably reduces the time constant for triplet emission to only a few hundred nanoseconds. Using this approach, we have succeeded in demonstrating very high efficiency electrophosphorescent OLED emission in the red, green and blue spectral regions.
Muscular and Aerobic Fitness, Working Memory, and Academic Achievement in Children.

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study investigated the relationship between aerobic and muscular fitness with working memory and academic achievement in preadolescent children.MethodsSeventy-nine 9- to 11-yr-old children completed an aerobic fitness assessment using a graded exercise test; a muscular fitness as
Trends in use of radiation therapy from 2000 to 2012 using National Cancer Database (NCDB): Is less the new more?

e19501 Background: Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is one of the few malignancies that have been converted from a disease with high mortality to a cure rate of almost 75% over the past years. Since most of t...
The specific characteristics of a homeopathic consultation

Summary A homeopathic consultation follows the same pattern as any other medical consultation. Respecting the similars and globality principles involves specific semiological elements. The different stages of the consultation are enriched by the discovery of symptoms which are not only useful for diagnosis but also necessary to a homeopathic prescription. Homeopathic semiology is not opposed to classical semiology; it complements it to the benefit of the patient as much as the physician. Because of its low cost, low toxicity and the absence of negative outcomes, a homeopathic prescription is in the interests of Public Health Expenditure. A modicum of knowledge of this therapeutic approach could be used to address patients’ queries.
Exploring the impact of affect on the effectiveness of comparative versus non-comparative advertisements

Affect is important in advertising, but it has not attracted sufficient attention in the research of comparative advertising. Two studies were conducted to explore how affect influences the effecti...
Malpractice Environment vs Direct Litigation: What Drives Nursing Home Exit?:

An ongoing concern about medical malpractice litigation is that it may induce provider exit, potentially affecting consumer welfare. The nursing home sector is subject to substantial litigation activity but remains generally understudied in terms of the effects of litigation, due perhaps to a paucity of readily available data. In this article, we estimate the association between litigation and nursing home exit (closure or change in ownership), separating the impact of malpractice environment from direct litigation. We use 2 main data sources for this study: Westlaw's Adverse Filings database (1997-2005) and Online Survey, Certification and Reporting data sets (1997-2005). We use probit models with state and year fixed effects to examine the relationship between litigation and the probability of nursing home closure or change in ownership with and without adjustment for malpractice environment. We examine the relationship on average and also stratify by profit status, chain membership, and market competition. We find that direct litigation against a nursing home has a nonsignificant effect on the probability of closure or change in ownership within the subsequent 2 years. In contrast, the broader malpractice environment has a significant effect on change in ownership, even for nursing homes that have not been sued, but not on closure. Effects are stronger among for-profit and chain facilities and those in more competitive markets. A high-risk malpractice environment is associated with change of ownership of nursing homes regardless of whether they have been directly sued, indicating that it is too blunt an instrument for weeding out low-quality nursing homes.
Single-photon heralded two-qubit unitary gates for pairs of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

The implementation of a high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate remains an outstanding challenge for isolated solid-state qubits such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. In this work, we show that by driving pairs of NV centers to undergo photon scattering processes that flip their qubit states simultaneously, we can achieve a unitary two-qubit gate conditioned upon a single photon-detection event. Further, by exploiting quantum interference between the optical transitions of the NV centers' electronic states, we realize the existence of two special drive frequencies: a ``magic'' point where the spin-preserving elastic scattering rates are suppressed and a ``balanced'' point where the state-flipping scattering rates are equal. We analyzed four different gate operation schemes that utilize these two special drive frequencies, and various combinations of polarizations in the drive and collection paths. Our theoretical and numerical calculations show that the gate fidelity can be as high as 98%. The proposed unitary gate, combined with available single-qubit unitary operations, forms a universal gate set for quantum computing.
Beneficiation of phosphate ores containing carbonate and silica gangue

Marine sedimentary deposits account for 80% and igneous deposits 17% of the total world output of phosphate rock. The phosphate mineral is well crystallized and exhibits a greater floatability in the igneous deposits than the sedimentary ores. Both silicates and carbonates contribute the major gangue associated with the sedimentary ores. Although removal of silica from sedimentary phosphates by froth flotation has been in practice for several decades, with the depletion of high-grade reserves, new attempts are being made to improve the efficiency of current silica removal technology and to develop new processes for beneficiation of phosphate ores associated with the carbonate gangue. In this paper, recent developments in processing of sedimentary phosphate ores containing carbonate and silica gangue are discussed.
Dermal securement of port catheters in obese patients.

Abstract Background Port catheters are often used for patients who require long-term central venous access. However, thick subcutaneous fat may obscure the port location and limit the degree to which the port is palpable. We describe a method to improve port catheter placement in overweight and obese patients. Methods Port catheters were placed in three overweight and obese patients after a diagnosis of malignancy. Rather than securing the port onto muscular fascia as is typically done, securing sutures were directed toward the dermis, elevating the port toward the skin and creating skin dimpling for visual reference. Results There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The ports remain visible and palpable > 9 months after placement and there have been no reported difficulties with access. Conclusion This method improves visualization of the port location and facilitates palpation of the port during Huber needle access.
Epidemiology of Achilles tendon injuries in collegiate level athletes in the United States.

Achilles injuries are devastating injuries, especially for competitive athletes. No studies have examined the outcomes of Achilles injuries in NCAA athletes. Therefore, a better characterization and understanding of the epidemiology is crucial. Achilles injuries across 16 sports among NCAA men and women during the 2004–2005 to 2013–2014 academic years were analyzed using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Achilles tendon injury rate (IR) per 100,000 athlete-exposures (AEs), operative rate, annual injury rate trends, reinjury rates, mechanism of injury, in-season status (pre/regular/post season), and time loss distributions were compiled and calculated. A sub-analysis of comparing gender and injury mechanism was also performed for both all injuries and severe injuries. Overall, N = 255 Achilles injuries were identified with an injury rate (IR) of 2.17 (per 100,000 AEs). These injuries occurred most often in women’s gymnastics (IR = 16.73), men’s basketball (IR = 4.26), and women’s basketball (IR = 3.32), respectively. N = 52 injuries were classified as severe injuries which have higher median time loss (48 days) and higher operative rate (65.4%). For severe Achilles injuries, female athletes had higher operative (77.8% vs. 58.8%) and higher time loss compared to male athletes (96 days vs. 48 days). Contact mechanisms were associated with a higher season-ending injury rate. Overall, 20.4% of Achilles injuries were considered severe with 65.6% operative rate. About 73.1% were season-ending injuries, and the remaining athletes have a median time loss of 48 days. Severe Achilles injuries create significant impact on playing time and career for NCAA athletes.
Instructional Development of Media-Based Science OER

Video and interactive media provide visual exposition and review for students to formulate cognitive representations where learning and reflection take place, especially in science laboratories. More inclusively, open educational resources (OER) with interactive content can facilitate access to media-enhanced learning. This paper reports part of a multi-year ongoing design-based research (DBR), focusing on the instructional development of media-based OER content in two geoscience laboratory education projects. The researchers have taken a case study approach to analyzing and exploring the design and development of accessible and interactive OER media, including photography and videography space, lighting conditions, camera settings, interactive media production, and OER publishing platforms. Findings have revealed the instructional development procedures, workflow and protocol of generating closed captioning for scientific video, data management techniques, and operability of media content in publishing platforms. The results are of practical and innovative values to the instructional development of science OER.
Comment on Serotonin toxicity from isolated bupropion overdoses.

To the Editor,We read with interest the recent article by Sidlak, et al. [1] that attempted to connect serotonin toxicity with bupropion ingestion. While we appreciate the authors’ attention to a d...
Laparoscopic vs. Endoscopic Therapy for Achalasia

The gold standard surgical treatment for achalasia has been esophageal myotomy with partial fundoplication. Since being introduced in 2010, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has rapidly emerged as a wholly endoscopic single-stage option that has gained widespread adoption in treating achalasia. Results of recently published systematic reviews and meta-analyses demonstrate that the rates of reflux are higher in patients who undergo POEM, while POEM results in a slightly better clinical response with no difference in adverse events. We make a weak recommendation for POEM over laparoscopic myotomy with fundoplication for management of achalasia.
Management of overdoses of salvia, kratom, and psilocybin mushrooms: a literature review.

Despite the relative reduction in opioid and other illicit substance overdoses in the past few years, clinicians must remain vigilant in keeping up to date on emerging trends with regard to potenti...
From Basic to Humane Genomics Literacy

Genetic essentialism of race is the belief that racial groups have different underlying genetic essences which cause them to differ physically, cognitively, or behaviorally. Apparently, no published studies have explored if belief in genetic essentialism of race among adolescents differs after many weeks of formal instruction about different domains of genetics knowledge. Nor have any studies explored if such differences reflect a coherent change in students’ racial beliefs. We use a quasi-experimental design (N = 254 students in 7th–12th grade) to explore these gaps. Over the course of 3 months, we compared students who learned from a curriculum on multifactorial inheritance and genetic ancestry to students who learned from their business as usual (BAU) genetics curriculum that discussed Mendelian and molecular genetics without any reference to race, multifactorial genetics, or genetic ancestry. Relative to the BAU condition, classrooms that learned from the multifactorial genetics and ancestry curriculum grew significantly more in their knowledge of multifactorial genetics and decreased significantly more in their genetic essentialist perceptions, attributions, and beliefs. From a conceptual change perspective, these findings suggest that classrooms using a curriculum emphasizing genetic complexity are more likely to shift toward a coherent anti-essentialist understanding of racial difference.
The Multifaceted Nature of Robotic Companionship when Presented as a Secondary Function

Companion robots have been suggested as a promising technology for older adults who experience loneliness. However, healthy older adults commonly reject robots designed to be an ”artificial friend”. We follow the approach of ”companionship as a secondary function”, in which a non-humanoid robot is designed with a primary function that older adults perceive as appropriate, and a secondary function of companionship. In a Zoom-based exploratory need-study we unfold how older adults perceive the various aspects of a robot’s ”companionship” as a secondary function. Our qualitative analysis reveals several use cases that older adults find to be appropriate for their daily routine, and classify them into three high-level categories: companionship as ”attentive to me”, companionship as ”looking after me”, and companionship as ”experiencing together with me”. Our findings indicate that robot companionship, when designed as a secondary function, is perceived by older adults as a multifaceted social experience.
Design, control, predict:: logistical governance in the smart city

Digital infrastructure has been with us long enough for its messiness, frictions, breakdowns and entanglements with all the material, social and informational components of the city to emerge.1 In ...
Fluorescence polarization microscopy.

Publisher Summary Fluorescence polarization techniques have long been used to measure the orientational distributions and rotational diffusion of molecules in solution or suspension. A commercial spectrofluorimeter is used for such studies. Fluorescence polarization through a microscope offers the possibility of analogous studies on the surface or interior of very small subvolumes of cells. However, fluorescence polarization with a microscope presents some unique experimental problems and opportunities not generally present with a spectrofluorimeter. The chief experimental problem is that the microscope objective often has a rather high aperture and can thereby look around the sample effectively integrating fluorescence over a range of emission solid angles. A second problem is that the perfectly polarized excitation illumination may suffer some depolarization as it is concentrated by that same objective. A third problem is that the nearby substrate may influence the polarization of rays emitted at high incidence angles but still captured by the objective. This chapter discusses the polarization from fluorophores in membranes-oriented flat on the microscope stage.
Replication of Bacteriophage ST-1 in Escherichia coli Strains Temperature Sensitive in DNA Synthesis

Bacteriophage ST-1 replication requires DNA polymerase III (dnaE) but not DNA polymerases I or II, DNA ligase, or the products of dnaA, B, or C-D. It was not certain whether dnaG was required. These results differ considerably from those reported for phiX-174.
Interest groups and lobbying in Latin America: theoretical and practical considerations

The major purpose of this Special Issue is to provide the first comprehensive treatment of interest groups in Latin America. This first article provides background to this end by defining key terms and concepts; explaining the ubiquity of power groups, interests and interest groups in politics and government, and the fundamental elements of an interest group system, relating all this to past characteristics of Latin America's politics. Additionally, the article identifies the reasons for the dearth of studies of interest groups in the region and makes the case for the value of such studies. Drawing on this background, the article also sets out a heuristic for approaching the contributions to this volume and for developing a theoretical framework for the analysis of Latin American interest group systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyanide poisoning from laetrile ingestion: role of nitrite therapy

A 4-year-old child ingested laetrile and almost died of cyanide poisoning. Treatment with the Lilly cyanide antidote kit resulted in rapid, complete recovery. Extremely high whole blood cyanide levels were documented. The necessity for use of the antidote kit in serious cyanide poisoning has recently been questioned. This case demonstrates benefit from antidotal treatment.
Estimation of ocean wave spectra from microwave backscatter and emissivity measurements

The microwave reflectivity of the ocean surface is determined mainly by the surface roughness or wave spectrum. Since direct measurement of the wave spectrum at centimeter wavelengths is very difficult, microwave measurements are currently the largest source of information for this region of the spectrum. This paper discusses a procedure to determine a form for the equilibrium spectrum that is consistent with backscatter measurements over a range of incidence angles and look directions, and presents results using the backscatter data summarized by the CMOD4 model function.
NUCLEOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE-NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE TRANSPHOSPHORYLASE (NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHOKINASE). I. ISOLATION OF THE CRYSTALLINE ENZYME FROM BREWERS' YEAST.

Abstract Previous physical studies from this laboratory by sedimentation velocity and diffusion and by sedimentation equilibrium (Yue, R. H., Ratliff, R. L., and Kuby, S. A. (1967) Biochemistry 6, 2923–2932) have permitted an assignment of the kinetic molecular weight of the crystalline brewers' yeast nucleoside diphosphokinase, namely 102,000 (±2,000) at infinite dilution. The observed concentration dependence of its weight average molecular weight value (Yue et al.) was likely, in part, the result of a complex set of association-dissociation equilibria. Evidence presented here and derived (a) from the amino acid analyses, tryptic peptides, and terminal group analyses; (b) from sedimentation equilibrium studies on the native enzyme and on its S-carboxymethylated derivative, in the presence of disruptive agents; (c) from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 0.2% dodecyl sulfate; and (d) from gel filtration through 8% agarose in 6 m guanidinium chloride, all indicate that the protein molecule is composed of six similar, if not identical, subunits. The best value for the individual subunit molecular weight (of this hexameric structure) may be selected from its amino acid composition, 17,300 ± 500. The NTP-NDP transphosphorylase appears to be unique among the other ATP-transphosphorylases studied in this laboratory, in that it possesses a single, shielded sulfhydryl group per subunit polypeptide chain, and in that it displays unusual resistance to inactivation by guanidinium chloride.
Phase structure functions for ionospheric radio sounding: Dependence on irregularity scale

[1] Because the ionospheric plasma drifts, radio sounding signals encounter different irregularities of electron density, even at only slightly different times, causing temporal phase variations; these may be characterized conveniently by the structure function. We have proposed in several recent publications a new irregularity diagnostic method based on this effect, and it is now useful to consider the range of irregularity scales affecting the observed phase fluctuations. We show, in particular, that for the two-dimensional irregularity power spectrum index 2 < ν < 3 (quite typical for the ionosphere) the phase structure function value at the smallest available lag (0.01 s) is sensitive to irregularities in a broad range of scales, between several meters and several kilometers.
Enduring Access to Special Collections: Challenges and Opportunities for Large-Scale Digitization Initiatives

As we explore the evolving information landscape and institutional context of rare and manuscript collections, one of the critical matters is to consider the implications of large-scale digitization initiatives (LSDIs) for our programs. Although most LSDI efforts thus far have focused on general collections, it is inevitable that the attention will soon be turned to special collections. With the current networked information environment and increasing reliance on digital content subscriptions, rare and manuscript collections increasingly define the uniqueness and character of individual research libraries. The goal of this article is to characterize current LSDIs and discuss the potential implications for . . .
On the feasibility of using positive muons as probes of defect structure

Abstract A self-consistent calculation based on the density functional formalism yields the spin density at a muon in a vacant lattice site, which is significantly different from that at a muon in an interstitial site. It is argued that a precision μ + spin rotation experiment should be able to detect the difference in spin density.
Nitrogen cycling processes and soil characteristics in an urban versus rural forest

Different soils of an urban forest in New York City showed relatively low, yet similar rates of N mineralization and nitrification in laboratory potential measurements. This consistent pattern occurred even though a number of factors known to influence these processes (including overstory vegetation, soil type, and heavy metal levels) differed between the urban samples. Net N mineralization rates in forest floor and A horizon samples from a hemlock stand within the urban forest were 81% and 53% lower than respective samples from a comparable rural stand. In addition, all forest floor and A horizon samples from the urban forest were extremely hydrophobic. The low mineralization rates and hydrophobic nature of the urban samples suggested that factors associated with the ‘urban grime’ hydrocarbons may be limiting the activity of soil microbes and invertebrates. Trampling and high concentrations of heavy metals may have synergistic effects that would act to reduce net N mineralization and nitrification within the urban forest.
An artificial intelligence approach to onboard fault monitoring and diagnosis for aircraft applications

Real-time onboard fault monitoring and diagnosis for aircraft applications, whether performed by the human pilot or by automation, presents many difficult problems. Quick response to failures may be critical, the pilot often must compensate for the failure while diagnosing it, his information about the state of the aircraft is often incomplete, and the behavior of the aircraft changes as the effect of the failure propagates through the system. A research effort was initiated to identify guidelines for automation of onboard fault monitoring and diagnosis and associated crew interfaces. The effort began by determining the flight crew's information requirements for fault monitoring and diagnosis and the various reasoning strategies they use. Based on this information, a conceptual architecture was developed for the fault monitoring and diagnosis process. This architecture represents an approach and a framework which, once incorporated with the necessary detail and knowledge, can be a fully operational fault monitoring and diagnosis system, as well as providing the basis for comparison of this approach to other fault monitoring and diagnosis concepts. The architecture encompasses all aspects of the aircraft's operation, including navigation, guidance and controls, and subsystem status. The portion of the architecture that encompasses subsystem monitoring and diagnosis was implemented for an aircraft turbofan engine to explore and demonstrate the AI concepts involved. This paper describes the architecture and the implementation for the engine subsystem.
Morphologic comparison of patients with mitral valve prolapse who died suddenly with patients who died from severe valvular dysfunction or other conditions.

Abstract Clinical and necropsy findings in described in 56 patients with mitral valve prolapse: 15 patients, aged 16 to 69 years (mean 39), died suddenly and mitral valve prolapse was the only cardiac condition round at necropsy (hereafter called isolated mitral valve prolapse); the remaining 41 patients had other conditions that were capable of being fatal. Of the latter 41 patients, 7, aged 17 to 59 year (mean 45), had associated congenital heart disease, and 34 patients, aged 17 to 70 years (mean 51), had no associated congenital cardiac abnormalities. Compared with the 34 patients without associated congenital heart disease and with nonmitral valve prolapse conditions capable in themselves of being fatal, the 15 patients who died suddenly with isolated mitral valve prolapse were younger (mean age 39 ± 17 versus 52 ± 15 years; p = 0.01), more often women (67% versus 26%; p = 0.008) and had a lower frequency of mitral regurgitation (7% versus 38%; p = 0.02). The 15 patients dying suddenly with isolated mitral valve prolapse also were less likely to have evidence of raptured chordae tendineae (29% versus 67%; p = 0.04). The frequency of increased heart weight (67% versus 59%), a dilated mitral valve anulus (80% versus 81%), a dilated tricuspid valve anulus (17% versus 17%), an elongated anterior mitral leaflet (86% versus 54%), an elongated posterior mitral leaflet (79% versus 77%) and fibrous endocardial plaque under the posterior mitral leaflet (73% versus 63%) was similar between the two groups. The severity of the prolapse (mild 20% versus 11%; moderate 27% versus 58%; severe 53% versus 32%) also was similar between the two groups. Thus, persons with mitral valve prolapse dying suddenly without another recognized condition tend to be relatively young women without mitral regurgitation.
Residential Segregation and the Beginning of the Great Migration of African Americans to Hartford, Connecticut: a GIS-Based Analysis

Abstract. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the African American population of the United States remained concentrated in the South. In 1910, African Americans in Connecticut accounted for less than 2 percent of the population. Hartford's African American population then totaled 1,745, but by 1920 had increased significantly (by 143 percent) to 4,567. The Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North and Midwest was under way. The authors illustrate the use of GIS technology, combined with individual-level census records, to study the beginning stage of the Great Migration of African Americans to one northern city—Hartford, Connecticut. The first step involved building a historical GIS map for Hartford and attaching the 1920 address ranges to each street-segment in the city. Geocoding by street address of all African Americans then living in Hartford followed. The process of geocoding involves taking each address record and matching it against the street-segment file. When a ma...
Design and characterization of a radioluminescent temperature sensor

Abstract An environmentally sensitive radioluminescent light source is evaluated for use in remote optical-sensing applications. The sensor is composed of an α-particle-emitting radioisotope coupled with a temperature-sensitive phosphor. Radioluminescent emission intensity is monitored as a function of temperature. Due to the high long-term stability of the radioluminescent source, simple data acquisition systems can be employed. Temperature resolution is found to be proportional to integration time, as would be suggested by counting statistics. Resolution of less than 2°C is possible with this sensor. Additionally, temperature sensitivity is found to be equal to or better than that of other optical temperature sensors. The low radioisotope activity of this sensor makes its commercial use feasible.
Fog spontaneously folds mosquito wings

The flexibility of insect wings confers aerodynamic benefits, but can also present a hazard if exposed to fog or dew. Fog can cause water to accumulate on wings, bending them into tight taco shapes and rendering them useless for flight. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed video to film the spontaneous folding of isolated mosquito wings due to the evaporation of a water drop. We predict shapes of the deformed wing using two-dimensional elastica theory, considering both surface tension and Laplace pressure. We also recommend fold-resistant geometries for the wings of flapping micro-aerial vehicles. Our work reveals the mechanism of insect wing folding and provides a framework for further study of capillarity-driven folding in both natural and biomimetic systems at small scales.
Transfusion premedications: a growing practice not based on evidence

Ramirez suggested that the reaction was due to “anaphylactic bodies” in the donor’s blood, and donors should be screened for the possible transmission of “anaphylactic or reaction bodies.” Subsequently, Polayes and Lederer 2 evaluated 2500 transfusion reactions in the literature; they found reactions due to ABO mismatch, transmission of diseases, and “allergic phenomena” in the recipients. They did not note specific
Effect of inhibitors on the photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide.

Abstract Certain inhibitors alter the distribution of C 14 in stable nonvolatile compounds formed by photosynthetic reduction of C 14 O 2 . Dinitrophenol, phenylurethan, and iodoacetamide decrease the percentage of C 14 found in phosphoglyceric acid. Dinitrophenol and phenylurethan enhance the formation of alanine relative to other compounds. Pyruvic acid 2-C 14 infiltrated into a leaf yields alanine with the carbon chain unaltered and yields glycine whose carboxyl group arises from carbon atom 2 of pyruvate.
Light filaments: An intricate case of light matter — Matter-light interaction

Filamentation of high power pulses in air is reviewed. An attempt is made to reconcile the various conflicting theories and experimental results that have been published over the last 15 years on this topic.
First Report of Uromyces striatus on White Sweetclover in Kansas

Rust was observed on leaves and stems of Melilotus alba Medik. plants in Riley County, Kansas, in November 1999. Rust reoccurred during the summers of 2000 and 2001. Uredinia were orange to reddish...
Wavevector dependence of ferroelectric instabilities in KNbO3

Abstract First principles LAPW linear response calculations of the lattice dynamics of cubic KNbO 3 reveal planar instability in the Brillouin zone. In real space, these correspond to chains along the 〈100〉 directions of Nb atoms coherently displaced along the chain direction. Zone-center calculations in the rhombohedral phase yield stable modes (and no unusually soft modes) consistent with experiment. The similarity of the ferroelectric phases in BaTiO 3 suggests such chain instabilities also occur. It is likely that the ferroelectric phase transitions in these materials will depend on the dynamics of such chains.
First experimental study of self-forming synthetic lipids by confocal laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy

We present the first experimental study of self-forming synthetic lipids, trademarked as QuSomes TM , using Raman spectroscopy in the spectral range of 500 to 3100 cm -1 . Raman spectra of these new artificial lipids composed of 1,2- dimyristoyl- rac -glycerol-3-dodecaethylene glycol (GDM-12) and 1,2-dioleoyl- rac -glycerol-3-dodecaethylene glycol (GDO-12) have been obtained in pure form and in aqueous suspensions with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) by using an inverted confocal laser-tweezers-Raman-microscopy system. This spectrometer works with an 80 mW diode-pumped solid-state laser, operating at a wavelength of 785 nm in the TEM 00 mode. The laser is used both for optical trapping and Raman excitation. The two amphiphiles considered in this study, differ in their hydrophobic chain length and contain similar units of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) head groups. Such synthetic PEG coated lipids exist in liquid form at room temperature and spontaneously form liposomes (nano type vesicles) upon hydration. In this work, we have focused on the band assignments for the spectra of single QuSomes TM nano particles in pure form and in aqueous media acquired by means of Raman spectroscopy. In particular, we have found that the most prominent peaks in the studied spectral region are dominated by vibrational modes arising from C-C and C-H bonds. Furthermore, we have noticed that some of the distinct peaks observed below 1800 cm -1 in pure sample are preserved in aqueous environment. These retained intense bands are located at 1449, 1128, 1079, and 1065 cm -1 . This effect might be due to the strong chain-chain interactions, because the chains have to orient themselves and become tightly packed in the vesicles wall rather than adopt random orientations in bulk. This technique has proven to be an excellent tool to establish the fingerprint region revealing the molecular structure and conformation of QuSomes TM particles. The Raman spectroscopic data of these novel lipids and its vesicles formed in suspensions confirm high stability and are therefore considered as potential candidate for varieties of future applications including lipid based novel substances and drug delivery systems.
Nanomedicine: Ethical Concerns Beyond Diagnostics, Drugs, and Techniques

In the target article, Fritz Allhoff (2009) explores clearly and precisely the meaning of nanotechnology and some of its ramifications for medicine. However, Allhoff's article makes three claims th...
Multidimensional Logical Transforms

This correspondence reviews the logical transform and pre-sents new theoretical and empirical developments. Novel extensions of the logical transform into spaces of three and four dimensions are de-scribed using the hexahedral and octahedral tessellations. These new tessellations are important in that they yield sufficiently compact neighborhoods to permit multidimensional cellular logic transforms to be carried out in real time by table lookup. Applications of logical transforms in these tessellations to data and image analysis are provided.
A wild strain of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from farm-stored maize in South Carolina: Development under different temperature, moisture, and dietary conditions

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of immature development and survivorship of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) on maize over a range of temperatures and grain moisture contents encountered in maize stored on farms in the southeastern states (USA). Laboratory cultures were established with moths collected from farm-stored maize in South Carolina and maintained on cracked maize at 30 °C and 60% r.h. The incubation period and percentage hatch of eggs was determined at 18 combinations of temperature and r.h. Hatch was
Enabling sites and gender difference: Reading city women with men

(1991). Enabling sites and gender difference: Reading city women with men. Women's Studies: Vol. 19, Women in the Renaissance: An Interdisciplinary Forum (MLA 1989), pp. 239-249.
Spectrophotometric determination of morphine and of codeine.

Morphine can be distinguished from codeine by the shift of the maximum absorption value of morphine in alkaline medium from that in acid medium. Two spectrophotometric methods, the absolute and the relative methods, are presented for the determination of morphine and of codeine. Equations are given for the calculation of the concentrations of alkaloids in unknown samples. The relative method required a standard each time a sample was assayed while the absolute method did not require a standard. Samples of morphine and codeine were assayed by each of these methods. The percentages of error ranged from 0.4 per cent to 2.46 per cent, using the relative method, and from 0.85 per cent to 2.34 per cent, using the absolute method. No significant difference in precision was found between the two methods.
An evaluation of some natural enemies of cabbage looper on cotton in California.

A comparative life-table analysis of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) populations on cotton in California revealed that, where predators were suppressed with properly timed applications of dimethoate insecticide, increases in larval survival of T. ni occurred. When the populations of predators were allowed to reach density levels comparable to those in the nontreated control, survival rates for T. ni larvae did not differ significantly between nontreated plots and previously treated plots. The results suggest that predators, particularly adults and nymphs of Orius tristicolor (White), Geoeoris pallens Stal, Nabis americoferus Carayon, and larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, inflict a major intrageneration mortality on T. ni larvae on cotton, and that, when these natural enemies are suppressed, a secondary pest outbreak of T. ni can occur. Rates of parasitization and polyhedrosis of T. ni developmental stages were not, in general, adversely affected by the dimethoate sprays. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus and an egg-larval parasite, Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman), appeared to cause mortality which was density related. Two apparently new parasite records for T. ni are recorded: Chelonus texanus Cresson and Patrocloides montanus (Cresson).
Fatty Acid Analysis of Microsporidia

Abstract Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) compositions of three species of microsporidia, Thelohania sp., Vairimorpha necatrix, and Nosema algerae from two insect hosts, were studied. This is the first report on the utility of fatty acid analysis as a parameter for the identification of microsporidia, a group of ubiquitous, intracellular parasites. Three acids, palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1 ω 9 cis), and two closely eluting acids combined as Summed Feature 6 (18:2 ω 6,9 cis and 18:0 anteiso), compose 60% or more of the total profiles of the three species. The three species were differentiated by a combination of qualitative and quantitative FAME profile features. Thelohania sp. and N. algerae had myristic (14:0) and gondoic acid (20:1 ω 9 cis). Thus they were qualitatively differentiated from V. necatrix, in which 14:0 and 20:1 ω 9 cis were not detected. Thelohania sp. had significantly lower amounts of oleic acid than the other two species and significantly higher amounts of 20:1 ω 9 cis than N. algerae. FAME composition of N. algerae appeared to be influenced by the insect host. Two acids present in N. algerae isolated from the mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, were not detected in N. algerae recovered from the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. Quantitatively, host-related differences included higher levels of Summed Feature 6 in N. algerae from H. zea, compared to N. algerae from A. quadrimaculatus. The utility of FAME profiles for microsporidian taxonomy will depend on: (1) obtaining profiles from a wider range of microsporidian species, and (2) considering environmental and physiological influences of the host.
Beyond the arithmetic constraint: depth-optimal mapping of logic chains in LUT-based FPGAs

Look-up table based FPGAs have migrated from a niche technology for design prototyping to a valuable end-product component and, in some cases, a replacement for general purpose processors and ASICs alike. One way architects have bridged the performance gap between FPGAs and ASICs is through the inclusion of specialized components such as multipliers, RAM modules, and microcontrollers. Another dedicated structure that has become standard in reconfigurable fabrics is the arithmetic carry chain. Currently, it is only used to map arithmetic operations as identified by HDL macros. For non-arithmetic operations, it is an idle but potentially powerful resourceThis work presents ChainMap, a polynomial-time delay-optimal technology mapping algorithm for the creation of generic logic chains in LUT-based FPGAs. ChainMap requires no HDL macros be preserved through the design flow. It creates logic chains, both arithmetic and non-arithmetic, in an arbitrary Boolean network whenever depth increasing nodes are encountered. Use of the chain is not reserved for arithmetic, but rather any set of gates exhibiting similar characteristics. By using the carry chain as a generic, near zero-delay adjacent cell interconnection structure an average optimal speedup of 1.4x is revealed, and an average relaxed speedup of 1.25x can be realized simultaneously with a 0.95x LUT utilization decrease
Characterizing red light runners following implementation of a photo enforcement program

Red light running causes about 260,000 crashes and 750 fatalities each year in the US (Retting, Ulmer, & Williams, 1999, Accident Analysis & Prevention). This study investigated the effects of photo enforcement cameras on reducing red light running and characterized the typical red light runner throughout photo enforcement program implementation. In Southeast Virginia, eight intersections were observed over an 8-month period during which photo enforcement cameras were installed at three sites. To assess spillover effects, three other sites served in a same city comparison group. Two additional sites from a nearby city served in a control group for city. Over 1750 light cycles were observed with red light running occurring at least once during 13% of these cycles. Predictors of red light runners included being at a site without a camera or at an intersection before deployment of cameras, being under the age of 26, being in the non-camera city, not using a safety belt, and driving in more traffic. While overall red light running decreased at camera sites, characteristics of the typical red light runner remained the same at camera and non-camera locations.
THz spectroscopy: An emerging technology for pharmaceutical development and pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (PAT) applications

Abstract As an emerging technology, THz spectroscopy has gained increasing attention in the pharmaceutical area during the last decade. This attention is due to the fact that (1) it provides a promising alternative approach for in-depth understanding of both intermolecular interaction among pharmaceutical molecules and pharmaceutical product quality attributes; (2) it provides a promising alternative approach for enhanced process understanding of certain pharmaceutical manufacturing processes; and (3) the FDA pharmaceutical quality initiatives, most noticeably, the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative. In this work, the current status and progress made so far on using THz spectroscopy for pharmaceutical development and pharmaceutical PAT applications are reviewed. In the spirit of demonstrating the utility of first principles modeling approach for addressing model validation challenge and reducing unnecessary model validation “burden” for facilitating THz pharmaceutical PAT applications, two scientific case studies based on published THz spectroscopy measurement results are created and discussed. Furthermore, other technical challenges and opportunities associated with adapting THz spectroscopy as a pharmaceutical PAT tool are highlighted.
Sea Surface Temperature of the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean during the Younger Dryas

High resolution (∼200 yr sample spacing) records of sea surface temperature for the past 15,000 yr have been inferred from planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in a sediment core from the South China Sea. Although the assemblages imply a large glacial-to-interglacial temperature change (∼7°C for winter temperatures), they give no indication of a cooling during Younger Dryas time. This suggests that the Younger Dryas increase in δ18O observed in cores from the western equatorial Pacific is not due to a climatic cooling but rather to a change in the isotopic composition of the oceans.
The inhibition in vitro of hepatic protein biosynthesis by various oral hypoglycemic agents—site of action☆

Abstract The incorporation of leucine- 14 C into hepatic protein in vitro by a microsomal system is inhibited by the presence of tolbutamide, chlorpropamide or phenethylbiguanide in the range of 2–10 mM. This inhibition is also evidenced if lysine- 14 C or phenylalanine- 14 C is substituted for the leucine- 14 C tracer. Studies on the incorporation of isotope into both soluble and microsomally bound protein indicate that the inhibition is not concerned with the final step in which nascent protein is released from the ribosome. Other experiments involving the preincubation of labelled amino acid with the cell sap indicate that the inhibition occurs after the formation of the amino acyl- s -RNA complex. It is concluded that both the arylsulfonylureas and the guanidine derivatives inhibit protein synthesis at the microsomal level.