cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Open Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability

Anterior shoulder instability is the most common pattern of shoulder instability, with anterior dislocations accounting for over 90% of all dislocations. Open Bankart repair has been shown to have a low complication rate and remains an excellent surgical option for a select group of patients with risk factors for failure following arthroscopic stabilization which include: history of recurrent instability and/or ligamentous laxity, concomitant glenoid and humeral head osseous defects, male sex, young age, and contact athletes. This is particularly true for patients that are not candidates for bony glenoid augmentation procedures. Here we detail the patient indications, surgical technique, and patient outcomes following open Bankart repair.
Molecular Methods for Identification of Aspergillus Species

Using molecular methods for Aspergillus species identification can be a cost-effective, rapid, discriminatory, and objective approach for delineating Aspergillus species in a clinical microbiology laboratory. Identification of Aspergillus to species level is important for therapeutic decision-making, since different species have variable susceptibilities to available antifungal drugs. Standardization of loci and methods, availability of appropriate guidelines for species definitions using sequence information, and robust sequence databases will make these technologies more conducive to use in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This book section focuses on utilization of molecular methods, specifically comparative sequence identification methods, for the identification of Aspergillus at the species level.
Facilitating Faculty Getting Started in SoTL: Reflections by Two Carnegie Scholars

ABSTRACT: SoTL has been embraced as a viable approach to professional development for higher education faculty. Workshops and programs of various types and lengths have offered guidance and provided mentorship for SoTL novices. Many books, manuals, and websites describe how to undertake a SoTL investigation, but far fewer sources of advice exist for those assisting faculty beginning in SoTL. In this article, two Carnegie scholars reflect on their experiences and lessons learned helping others join the SoTL community. They discuss common characteristics of the new scholars they encountered and the types of assistance, both intellectual and institutional, that the scholars needed. They offer advice and suggest resources for working with new SoTL scholars and describe some of the benefits that accrue from this work.
Efficient spontaneous emission by metal-dielectric antennas; antenna Purcell factor explained

The rate of spontaneous emission from an optical emitter can be greatly enhanced using a metallic optical antenna at the penalty of efficiency. In this paper we propose a metal-dielectric antenna that eliminates the tradeoff between spontaneous emission enhancement and radiative efficiency by using nanoscopic dielectric structures at the antenna tips. This tradeoff occurs due to Ohmic loss and is further exacerbated by electron surface collisions. We find that our metal-dielectric antenna can enhance spontaneous emission by a factor 5 × 105 with efficiency = 70%, greatly exceeding the radiative efficiency of a purely metallic antenna with similar enhancement. Moreover, the metal-dielectric antenna design strategy is naturally amenable to short-distance optical communications applications. We go on to discuss the Purcell effect within the context of antenna enhancement. Metallic optical antennas are best analyzed with conventional antenna circuit models, but if the Purcell enhancement were to be employed, we provide the effective mode volume, Veff = (3/4π2)2d2λ(λ/l)5, that would be needed.
Quantum Local Search with Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz

We present a new hybrid, local search algorithm for quantum approximate optimization of constrained combinatorial optimization problems. We focus on the Maximum Independent Set problem and demonstrate the ability of quantum local search to solve large problem instances on quantum devices with few qubits. The quantum local search algorithm iteratively finds independent sets over carefully constructed neighborhoods and combines these solutions to obtain a global solution. We compare the performance of this algorithm on 3-regular graphs with up to 100 nodes against the well known classical Boppana-Halldorsson algorithm for the Maximum Independent Set problem.
Collagenase-Expressing Salmonella Targets Major Collagens in Pancreatic Cancer Leading to Reductions in Immunosuppressive Subsets and Tumor Growth

Therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can be attributed, in part, to a dense extracellular matrix containing excessive collagen deposition. Here, we describe a novel Salmonella typhimurium (ST) vector expressing the bacterial collagenase Streptomyces omiyaensis trypsin (SOT), a serine protease known to hydrolyze collagens I and IV, which are predominantly found in PDAC. Utilizing aggressive models of PDAC, we show that ST-SOT selectively degrades intratumoral collagen leading to decreases in immunosuppressive subsets, tumor proliferation and viability. Ultimately, we found that ST-SOT treatment significantly modifies the intratumoral immune landscape to generate a microenvironment that may be more conducive to immunotherapy.
Dynamic structural views in solar energy materials by femtosecond electron diffraction

Solar materials convert light into other forms of energy through excited state processes occurring on ultrafast time and atomic length scales. Understanding and controlling such nonequilibrium processes is essential for applications ranging from photovoltaics to photocatalysis. These processes are commonly studied by transient optical techniques, which resolve charge carrier dynamics. However, optical spectroscopy does not directly probe the atomic-scale motions that play a central role in the ultimate functionality of these materials. Filling this missing gap, ultrafast electron and x-ray scattering techniques enable monitoring of structural dynamics in materials with femtosecond time resolution. Here, we focus on the use of ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) techniques to probe photoinduced energy conversion dynamics in solar energy materials. First, we discuss the use of UED as an ultrafast lattice thermometer allowing a direct probe of nonradiative relaxations such as hot carrier cooling and Auger recombination. Second, we present a time-resolved atomic pair distribution function analysis enabled by UED, which uncovers lattice deformations arising from excitation localization in materials. Finally, we provide an outlook looking toward new approaches for resolving in situ energy conversion dynamics and uncovering structure–property relationships in solar energy materials.
Multi-year investigation of a relaxation course with a mindfulness meditation component on college students' stress, resilience, coping and mindfulness.

Objective Examine the effects of a relaxation course with a mindfulness meditation component in a two-group pre-test and post-test non-randomized study design. Participants Participants included 219 undergraduate students (experimental group: n = 103; control group: n = 116), 18-43 years old. Methods Completion of measures of stress, resilience, coping and mindfulness at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results The independent sample t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in stress and maladaptive coping, and an increase in resilience in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion Benefits were observed following the intervention by positively impacting factors associated with increased functioning in life. Classroom-based interventions could be considered beneficial for students.
Effect of 3D Printing Parameters on the Refractive Index, Attenuation Coefficient, and Birefringence of Plastics in Terahertz Range

The refractive indices, attenuation coefficients, and level of birefringence of various 3D printing plastics may change depending on the printing parameters. Transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was used to look for such effects in Copolyester (CPE), Nylon, Polycarbonate (PC), Polylactic acid, and Polypropylene. The thickness of each sample was measured using an external reference structure and time-of-flight measurements. The parameters varied were printer nozzle size, print layer height, and print orientation. Comparison of these parameters showed that a printer’s nozzle size and print layer height caused no change in real refractive index or attenuation coefficient. A change in printing orientation from vertical to horizontal caused an increase both in real refractive index and in attenuation coefficient. In vertically printed samples, the increase in birefringence was proportional to the increase in layer height and inversely proportional to nozzle size. There was no measurable intrinsic birefringence in the horizontally printed samples. These effects should be taken into account in the design of FDM 3D printed structures that demand tailored refractive indices and attenuation coefficients, while also providing a foundation for nondestructive evaluation of FDM 3D printed objects and structures.
Gravity and Spatial Geometry11

Publisher Summary The chapter explores the role played by assumptions of spatial geometry within physical theory, specifically within Newtonian gravitational theory. Standard formulations of Newtonian physics presuppose that space is Euclidean. It is probably most natural to assume that any hypothesis about spatial geometry function only as inessential auxiliary hypothesis within Newtonian physics–superimposed—as it were—on a core of basic underlying physical principles, which themselves are neutral with respect to spatial geometry. The very limiting process that produces Newtonian physics and a well-defined, observer invariant spatial structure also generates strong constraints on spatial curvature. These constraints turn out to be so strong as to guarantee the Euclidean character of space. A good bit of differential geometry is required to make the claim precise. The chapter presents conditions that characterize a kind of generalized Newtonian spacetime structure.
Lyndon and Levine BLM Trade Secrets Comment

We, the undersigned law professors who teach and write about intellectual property and trade secrets, write in opposition to the proposed Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) regulations of hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking”) contained in the Federal Register dated May 24, 2013, particularly proposed regulations 3 CFR 3162.3-3(j)(1) through (4) (the “Regulations”). As we understand them, in sum, the Regulations would allow entities engaged in hydraulic fracturing to withhold purported chemical information trade secrets from the BLM, and by extension, the public. Specifically, the BLM takes the position that to require submission of such information “would increase paperwork burdens on operators, and custodial requirements for the BLM.” Instead, the Regulations favor requiring trade secret holders to submit “an affidavit…to affirm that the undisclosed information is entitled to protection from public disclosure.” The BLM thus proposes to cede to regulated firms a substantial part of its own regulatory responsibility.While businesses engaged in hydraulic fracturing may have legitimate trade secrets, the public‟s interest in assuring that hydraulic fracturing is managed in a manner that addresses all significant potential risks may legitimately outweigh commercial concerns. Indeed, hydraulic fracturing must be managed and regulated in a manner that truly merits the name “best practices.” As the BLM states on its website homepage, “The [BLM] may best be described as a small agency with a big mission: To sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of America‟s public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations."
What processes control the chemical compositions of arc front stratovolcanoes

Arc front stratovolcanoes have global chemical systematics that constrain processes at convergent margins. Positive correlations exist for arc averages among “fluid mobile,” “high field strength,” and “large ion lithophile” elements. 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr from rear-arc lavas lacking subduction signature align with the oceanic “mantle array,” and correlate with arc front 143Nd/144Nd. Most chemical parameters (but not isotopes) also correlate well with crustal thickness and slightly less well with the slab thermal parameter, but not with the depth of the slab nor model slab surface temperatures. Successful models of arc volcanism should account for these global regularities. Two distinct models can quantitatively account for the observations—different extents of melting of the mantle wedge caused by variations in wedge thermal structure, or varying contributions from the subducting slab owing to variations in the slab thermal structure. Both successful model scenarios require a significant flux of melted ocean crust to the mantle source of all volcanic arcs. The wedge melting model has constant contributions from ocean crust, sediment, and mantle wedge to lavas globally, while the slab model varies slab contributions with slab temperature. The wedge melting model fit improves by incorporating convergence rate and slab dip, which should affect the wedge thermal structure; the slab model is not supported by a similar analysis. The wedge model also more easily accommodates the isotope data. The two models predict different primary H2O contents, with large variations in H2O for the wedge model, and relatively constant H2O for the slab model. An evaluation of the effects of varying sediment compositions on arc lavas will benefit from considering the very different consequences of the two models.
An electron beam microcolumn for multi-beam applications

Summary form only given. Highly miniaturized electron beam columns based on a field emission source and microfabricated electron optical components have been developed. A 1 keV microcolumn operating with a miniaturized Zr/O/W Schottky emitter has been successfully evaluated for the first time. This paper will present the results obtained with the new microcolumn and discuss present efforts to further improve column performance with respect to resolution, beam current, and deflection field size.
Granuloma inguinale (granuloma venereum) of the cervix

Abstract 1. 1. Thirty-eight cases of granuloma inguinale of the cervix were observed at Charity Hospital of Louisiana during the ten-year period ending July 1, 1939, 21 of the number being identified within the last two years. Four of the patients were white, and represent the first instances of this disease to be reported in white women. 2. 2. The clinical and histopathologic features of the lesion are discussed. The diagnosis is dependent upon the demonstration of the pathognomonic cell-containing Donovan bodies, which are most readily identified by the use of fixed biopsy material and the silver impregnation method of Dieterle. 3. 3. Carcinoma of the cervix is easily confused with cervical granuloma inguinale, and 27 of the 38 cases in this series were so diagnosed. The close clinical similarity of the two conditions is responsible for the error. 4. 4. Vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain were the outstanding symptoms. 5. 5. Intravenous antimony therapy is the most effective form of treatment, and tartar emetic gives the best results. The duration of treatment is shortened if large growths are completely excised by means of the cautery knife before specific therapy is begun. Recurrences are common. 6. 6. Granuloma inguinale of the cervix is a clinical entity which demands general recognition and further study. Only by these means will the true incidence be established and improved methods of diagnosis and treatment be evolved.
The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: Critical Ethnographies of Schooling and Local Practice

The Cultural Production of the Educated Person: Critical Ethnographies of Schooling and Local Practice. Bradley Levinson. Douglas Foley, and Dorothy Holland, eds. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. 299 pp.
Concurrent engineering enablers-engineering libraries

Concurrent Engineering (CE) can be considered to be a philosophy of engineering methodology and management, aided by an infrastructure of enabling technology and techniques. As such, it can be viewed as an added dimension to all other processes, functions, and procedures in the engineering cycle, as well as to all other supporting groups that are affected by decisions during the entire life cycle of the product. As designs become more complex, more decisions affect more secondary decisions, and more design details become important. Thus, automation becomes more important in enabling the CE concept as complexity and detail increase. Engineering libraries that supply on-line, integrated, current, and comprehensive information on parts, methodologies, and processes are a key enabler to any design process and especially to a concurrent design process. But technology alone will not solve the problems. The key to successfully implementing CE that will produce designs on first pass, will meet cycle-time reduction goals, lower development and manufacturing costs, and still produce Six Sigma designs depends on broad-based cooperation across the design, design support, manufacturing, and testing functions. People make it happen; systems do not. >
Juridical Framings of Immigrants in the United States and France: Courts, Social Movements, and Symbolic Politics

This study reexamines the engagement of U.S. and French courts with immigration politics, aiming to provide a fuller accounting of how law and immigration politics shape one another. Jurisprudential principles are placed in national and historical context, elucidating the role of rights-oriented legal networks in formulating these arguments during the 1970s and early 1980s. The analysis traces how these judicial constructions of immigrants subsequently contributed to catalyzing a transformation of immigration politics in both countries. Immigrant rights jurisprudence is shown to be produced by, as well as productive of, broader political values, agendas, and identities.
Altered microvascular control of exercising skeletal muscle blood flow: the unfortunate male?

Email:hart.emma@mayo.eduDuring dynamic exercise there is anincreased metabolic demand that ismatched closely by increased skeletalmuscle blood ﬂow and oxygen delivery.Ageing is associated with a variety ofadaptations within the cardiovascularsystem that can compromise muscle bloodﬂow or alter its regulation during dynamicexercise. Some of these adaptationsinclude a reduced cardiac pump capacity,structural alterations in the vasculature,alterations in local vascular controlmechanisms, and increased musclesympathetic neural outﬂow. Collectivelythese changes contribute to a decline inthe capacity to regulate skeletal muscleblood ﬂow, which may play a role in theage-related reductions in maximal oxygenconsumption and physical function.To date, the majority of the studiescomparing muscle blood ﬂow andvascular control in exercising young andolder humans have only assessed limbhaemodynamics once steady-state exercisehas been achieved. Although this approachhas provided fundamental informationon the regulation of skeletal muscle bloodﬂow across a range of exercise intensitiesand under various conditions, it has oftenignoredtheimmediatevasodilatorresponseto muscle contraction. In this context, themechanisms inﬂuencing vascular toneat the onset of exercise may be differentthan those involved in the control duringsteady-state exercise. Furthermore, ageingmight impact one variable more thanthe other. There is evidence that muscleblood ﬂow increases, via vasodilatationimmediately, following single musclecontraction in young adults. In contrast,this vasodilatory response is substantiallyattenuatedwithageing(Carlson
Antagonism between prolactin and thyroid hormone in amphibian development

Tadpoles were treated with intraperitoneal injections of mammalian prolactin and growth hormone (NIH). The growth rate of hypophysectomzied tadpoles (R. pipiens) was accelerated by both hormones, prolactin having the greater effect. Metamorphosis in the bullfrog (R. catesbeiana) was inhibited by prolactin but not by growth hormone. The results are interpreted to indicate a general antagonism between prolactin and thyroid hormone in amphibian development with respect to both growth rate and metamorphosis.
The CAEP Standards and Research on Educator Preparation Programs: Linking Clinical Partnerships With Program Impact

Responding to the challenge of more rigorous and outcome-oriented program evaluation criteria of the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), authors take a critical look at the intersection of two standards: Clinical Partnerships and Practice (Standard 2) and Program Impact (Standard 4). Illustrating one aspect of a secondary education teacher preparation program, authors consider how clinical partnerships can be designed in light of these standards to have a positive impact on P-12 student learning. Focusing on the program evaluation framework, authors describe a spectrum of diverse formative and summative growth measures that document the scope of impact for all stakeholders, including students. In light of the Feuer, Floden, Chudowsky, and Ahn (2013) questioning framework, authors assess program outcomes. In closing, the authors (a) conclude that comprehensive evaluation models are needed to document complex outcomes, which will make program impact more visible and measureable; (b...
ESR probing of macromolecules: Function and operation of structural units within the active site of α-chymotrypsin

Abstract The spin-labelled p -nitrophenyl esters have been prepared from N -(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidinyl) succinamic acid, O -(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidinyl) hydrogen succinate, and maleate. These esters are used to acylate α-chymotrypsin (α-ChT). The correlation of the changes in the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra with (a) the structure of the substrate, (b) the presence or absence of indole, and (c) structural modifications of the enzyme (oxidation of Met 180 and/or Met 192 ) identifies the aryl binding region (Met 192 ) and amide binding region (Met 180 ). The correlation of the above changes with the rate of deacylation ( k 3 ) indicates a cooperative action-reaction link between these two regions and the role this link plays in the overall hydrolytic process. A stepwise, operational sequence is postulated.
Benign Thyroid Hyperplasia Presenting As Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis: Complete Remission Following Surgery

A 52-year-old woman developed respiratory arrest on two separate occasions that required mechanical ventilation. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated bilateral vocal cord paralysis, and a CT scan of the neck demonstrated a right neck mass. On surgical exploration, the mass was found extending from the thyroid gland and was identified as benign thyroid tissue. Thyroid hyperplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
Shear-induced migration of conductive fillers in injection molding

The effect of shear-induced conductive filler migration on surface and volume conductivity of injection molded articles of polystyrene and polypropylene with carbon black was investigated. It was found that the loss of conductivity was most significant when the mean particle concentration was at or slightly above the percolation threshold. The compounds with mean particle concentration well above the percolation threshold showed no loss at all. The conductivity decreased with the increase of shear rate used in molding. The removal of surface layers by excimer laser led to restoration of the conductivity to the value of well-mixed, compression-molded specimens. The thickness of surface layer removed before conductivity was restored was found to be a strong function of the shear rate and the nature of polymer used. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2101–2109, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
The intensity of the first heart sound in auricular fibrillation with mitral stenosis.

Abstract Simultaneous phonocardiographic and electrocardiographic tracings were taken on ten patients with auricular fibrillation and mitral stenosis and two patients with auricular fibrillation without mitral stenosis. In each instance the intensity of the first heart sound, as gauged by totalling the amplitude of the three largest vibrations of the first sound, was plotted against the duration of the preceding ventricular diastole. In six of the patients with mitral stenosis there was no definite relationship between the intensity of the first sound and the duration of the preceding ventricular diastole. In four patients with mitral stenosis there was a clear-cut and striking relationship: The intensity of the first sound varied, within limits, inversely as the duration of ventricular diastole. The first sounds were loud when diastole was short and became less intense as diastole lengthened, until a low intensity was reached and maintained. The type of variation of the first heart sound seen in these four patients differs from the variation that occurs in patients with auricular fibrillation without mitral stenosis. Possible explanations for the variation in the first heart sound intensity are discussed.
Characterization and expression analysis of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island 3. Implications for the evolution of staphylococcal pathogenicity islands.

We describe the complete sequence of the 15.9-kb staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes B, K, and Q. The island, which meets the generally accepted definition of pathogenicity islands, contains 24 open reading frames potentially encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids, including an apparently functional integrase. The element is bordered by two 17-bp direct repeats identical to those found flanking staphylococcal pathogenicity island 1. The island has extensive regions of homology to previously described pathogenicity islands, particularly staphylococcal pathogenicity islands 1 and bov. The expression of 22 of the 24 open reading frames contained on staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 was detected either in vitro during growth in a laboratory medium or serum or in vivo in a rabbit model of toxic shock syndrome using DNA microarrays. The effect of oxygen tension on staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 gene expression was also examined. By comparison with the known staphylococcal pathogenicity islands in the context of gene expression described here, we propose a model of pathogenicity island origin and evolution involving specialized transduction events and addition, deletion, or recombination of pathogenicity island "modules."
Functionalized carbon nanotube theranostic agents for microwave diagnostic imaging and thermal therapy of tumors

In this paper, we present an experimental study of the microwave-frequency dielectric properties and heating response of aqueous dispersions of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNTs were chemically treated using a method that enables the creation of stable dispersions of isolated tubes at very high concentrations. The CNT dispersions show significantly enhanced dielectric properties and heating response compared to the control (an aqueous sample without CNTs). The observed enhancement with this specific CNT dispersion formulation is far greater than any previously reported. The results suggest that these modified CNTs are promising candidates as contrast agents for microwave diagnostic imaging and heating agents for nanoparticle-mediated microwave thermal therapy for cancer.
Committed Customers as Strategic Marketing Resources

Abstract Customers' willingness to serve as marketing resources to the firm has been largely neglected by the relationship marketing literature. This dimension has gained greater importance to relationship marketers, due in part to the uncertain regulatory future of consumer privacy protection in the U.S. Our model examines the linkage between relational commitment to key strategic marketing resources and patronage outcomes, including actual customer revenues. Research findings support our argument for adding the dimension of strategic marketing resources to existing CLV models to more fully capture customer equity.
Radiative and radiationless processes of Eu3+ in dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract Solutions of Eu3+ in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exhibit a considerable enhancement in the intensities of bands associated with ▵J = 2 both in the absorption and in the emission spectra. This effect is so strong that addition of considerable amounts of either D2O or H2O has no effect at all. Contrary to that, addition of very small quantities of DMSO in solutions of Eu3+ in D2O is accompanied by drastic changes in the appropriate transition probabilities. In solutions of Eu3+ in DMSO containing relatively small [H2O] or [D2O], the primary solvation sphere appears to consist mainly of DMSO. Secondary and primary fluorescence quenching rate constants have been determined such as: ksecD2O ⩾ 5.1 M-1 s-1; ksecDMSO ⩾ 20 M-1 s-1 and kfl + k≈h ⩽ 4.5 × 102 s-1.
NBDO Large Discus and NOMAD Buoy Calibrations with WRANSAC

The hull power transfer functions of two operational NOAA Data Buoy Office (NDBO) buoys have been established by use of the Waverider Analyzer Satellite Communicator (WRANSAC). In March 1978, the WRANSAC was tethered to an NDBO 12-meter diameter discus buoy located at site 42002 ( 26\deg N, 93.5\deg W) in the Gulf of Mexico. Comparison data from 43 hourly reports were used to generate the first hull power transfer function based on at-sea measurements. In April 1978, the WRANSAC was tethered to a NOMAD buoy at site 42003 ( 26\deg N, 86\deg W) in the Gulf of Mexico for 6 weeks. The first few weeks of data at this second site were sufficient to determine a reliable hull power transfer function; subsequent comparison data were used to assess the accuracy of the calibrated wave measurement system on board the NOMAD, using the WRANSAC as a reference. A description of the procedure used to compute the hull transfer function for the 12-meter discus buoy and the NOMAD buoy is presented herein, with an analysis of the wave data accuracy provided by these buoys.
AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) genes are expressed in young tissues and may specify meristematic or division-competent states

Although several members of the AP2/ERF family of transcription factors are important developmental regulators in plants, many genes in this large protein family remain uncharacterized. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of the 18 genes that make up the AP2 subgroup of this family. We report expression analyses of seven Arabidopsis genes most closely related to the floral development gene AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and show that all AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) genes are transcribed in multiple tissues during development. They are expressed primarily in young actively dividing tissues of a plant and not in mature leaves or stems. The spatial distribution of AIL5, AIL6, and AIL7 mRNA in inflorescences was characterized by in situ hybridization. Each of these genes is expressed in a spatially and temporally distinct pattern within inflorescence meristems and flowers. Ectopic expression of AIL5 resulted in a larger floral organ phenotype, similar to that resulting from ectopic expression of ANT. Our results are consistent with AIL genes having roles in specification of meristematic or division-competent states.
The oxygen consumption of rat tissues in the presence of nitrogen, helium or hydrogen.

Abstract The oxygen consumption rates of Holtzman rat diaphragm, and of slices of liver, brain cortex and kidney cortex were determined for two hours in the presence of 0.21 atm O2 and 0.79 atm N2, He or H2 using the standard Warburg method. The oxygen consumption of rat diaphragms was also studied at increased pressures of He-O2 or N2-O2 and at decreased pressures of O2 using a pressure microrespirometer. With the exception of young rat liver slices in the first hour and diaphragms in the second hour, there were no significant differences observed in the rates of oxygen consumption of the tissues in the presence of N2, He or H2. The oxygen consumption rates of diaphragm were not significantly different in one atm of air or 1 5 atm O2, and the addition of 3.8 atm N2 at the same P o 2 did not change the rate. At a Po2 of 1 atm the oxygen consumption rate was not significantly different in the presence or absence of 4 atm N2 or He. The observation that small changes in P o 2 in the range from 0.204 to 0.262 atm may produce significant changes in the oxygen consumption rates of the tissues studied has been discussed in relation to interpretation of the results of others. It is concluded that the presence of N2, He or H2 does not consistently or significantly affect the rate of oxygen consumption of the four rat tissues studied.
Microparticle and cell counting with digital microfluidic compact disc using standard CD drive

Lab-on-chip medical diagnostics in a global health setting would greatly benefit from highly portable, cost effective and readily available devices. Digital compact disc (CD) and the corresponding detection device—CD drives—for personal computers are extremely affordable and distributable worldwide, therefore they can be immediately used in global health applications if empowered with molecular and cellular biosensing functions. Here we present a novel digital microfluidic CD device derived from conventional music or data CD and demonstrate its preliminary application of counting polystyrene microparticles and living cells in minute-volume fluidic samples. No other detection instruments except for a standard CD drive in a personal computer is used for reading and decoding the quantitative liquid sample information from the digital microfluidic CD. The results presented herein are the first step towards creating a truly portable, low-cost and ubiquitously accessible device—health diagnostic compact disc (HDCD)—for biosensing and health diagnostics, especially in remote or impoverished settings with limited medical infrastructure and healthcare workers.
Solvent relaxation in thermal electron-transfer reactions: Some comparisons with real-time measurements of solvation dynamics

Abstract The role of solvent dielectric relaxation on the barrier-crossing dynamics for outer-sphere electron transfer (ET), as evaluated from the solvent-dependent kinetics of metallocene self-exchange reactions, is compared with recent real-time measurements of polar solvation dynamics obtained from time-dependent fluorescence Stokes shifts (TDFS) for suitable charge-transfer excited states. While the solvent-dependent kinetics obtained in some aprotic media are consistent with the TDFS measurements, the barrier-crossing dynamics in several associated and/or highly polar liquids are indicative for much faster relaxation than inferred from TDFS. The possible nature, and implications, of these rapid modes are discussed.
Wound healing effects of Aloe gel and other topical antibacterial agents on rat skin

The effects of topical antibacterials were studied in an acute wound healing model. Sprague-Dawley rats after appropriate anaesthesia received four 1.5 cm2 dorsal defects through the skin and panniculus carnosus. Skin defects were treated for 14 days with 2% mupirocin ointment, 1% clindamycin cream, 1% silver sulfadiazine cream + Aloe vera gel, and silver sulfadiazine combined with Aloe gel. An untreated group served as controls. Each group was comprised of 10 animals each to achieve statistical significance. Wound closure rate was assessed by serial planimetry. Following healing, the breaking strength of each resultant scar was determined. Wound half-lives and overall healing rates were calculated by regressing the log of the areas of all wounds over time. Overall healing rates of all the treated groups were significantly different compared with control group (p<0.05). The Aloe group had the shortest half-life and healed faster than the control group. All the other treated groups had no longer half-lives when compared with the control group. While silver sulfadiazine + Aloe increased the breaking strength of the healed wound, Aloe alone did not, but demonstrated an increase over the control. Topical Aloe significantly enhances the rate of wound healing and when combined with silver sulfadiazine reverses the wound retardant effect observed with silver sulfadiazine. Clindamycin and mupirocin significantly delay wound closure. However mupirocin enhanced the breaking strength of the wound.
EXPERIMENTAL ARACHNOID FIBROSIS PRODUCED BY METRIZAMIDE IN THE DOG

The short-term neurologic and long-term leptomeningeal effects of repeated subarachnoid administration of metrizamide at concentrations of 170 mg I/ml and 300 mg I/ml were investigated in dogs. After two months, arachnoid fibrosis of varying degrees was present in all dogs that had received metrizamide at the higher concentration. The higher concentration of met-rizamide was more epileptogenic than the concentration of 170 mg I/ml. The presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was not considered to play a role in the development of the arachnoid fibrosis. Veterinary Radiology Vol. 21, No. 2, 1980; pp 78–81.
Survival patterns following brain metastases for patients with melanoma in the MAP-kinase inhibitor era

Survival with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma is prolonged with MAP-kinase pathway inhibitors (MAPKi). Among patients with brain metastases (BM), however, the clinical course of MAPKi-treated patients is not well described. We therefore explored these patients’ survival patterns compared to contemporary patients not treated with MAPKi. We analyzed 106 patients who developed melanoma BM between 2007 and 2013. Of these, 37 (35 %) received de novo MAPKi for BRAF-mutant disease, which preceded BM in 49 %. Immunotherapy was given to 54 % of MAPKi-treated patients and 94 % of those who did not receive MAPKi. We evaluated the potential influence of patient characteristics, systemic therapies, and BM-directed treatments on time to appearance of new BM and overall survival. With a median follow-up of 8.0 months after initial BM, MAPKi use was an independent predictor of prolonged survival after BM diagnosis (median 14.1 vs 7.0 months, P = 0.03, adjusted hazard ratio 0.39). This survival advantage was driven by the 16.6-month median survival of patients who initiated MAPKi after BM were diagnosed, versus 5.6 months if initiated prior to BM development (P = 0.03). Median survival from the onset of any systemic metastases was 22 months regardless of the timing of MAPKi relative to BM appearance. Time to in-brain progression was longer among patients whose MAPKi course was started after BM diagnosis, but MAPKi initiation prior to BM diagnosis was associated with longer time to intracranial involvement. These findings are consistent with potential MAPKi activity in intracranial melanoma.
Variability in middle childhood play behavior: Effects of gender, age, and family background

Parent-report questionnaires for the assessment of gender-normative and gender-atypical behavior in childhood offers researchers the opportunity to conduct large-scale screenings of community samples of boys and girls. One important aspect of childhood gender role behavior includes play. Although play behavior inventories have been used clinically for the identification of gender disturbed boys, recent community-based surveys of play behavior in both genders are lacking. The present postal questionnaire survey of parents of 688, 6- to 10-year-old children (boys = 333, girls = 355) attending one public school district (74% of the eligible sample), clarifies how subject's age, family race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status influence gender differences in play. Significant gender differences were detected for 63 of the 69 games. With but few exceptions, the magnitude of the gender differences in play remained relatively constant across middle childhood. Older boys and girls decreased their participation in activities numerically dominated by girls whereas the reverse was true for male-dominated activities. Parents' educational level influenced play for only a minority of items. Finally, whereas race/ethnicity significantly predicted game/activity participation in approximately one half of the items, a consistent influence of this variable on gender-related play did not emerge. In spite of dramatic changes in women's roles in the U.S. society over the past three decades, gender differences in middle childhood play have remained strong.
Improving algorithm search using the algorithm co-citation network

Algorithms are an essential part of computational science. An algorithm search engine, which extracts pseudo-codes and their metadata from documents, and makes it searchable, has recently been developed as part of the CiteseerX suite. However, this algorithm search engine only retrieves and ranks relevant algorithms solely on textual similarity. Here, we propose a method for using the algorithm co-citation network to infer the similarity between algorithms. We apply a graph clustering algorithm on the network for algorithm recommendation and make suggestions on how to improve the current CiteseerX algorithm search engine.
Verbal and physical non-aggressive agitated behaviors in elderly persons with dementia: robustness of syndromes.

Objective More than a decade ago, different syndromes of agitation were identified in elderly nursing home residents, and it was found that these syndromes correlate with medical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. The present study was conducted to examine the robustness of two major syndromes, verbal agitation and physical non-aggressive agitation, as assessed via direct observations. Methods Study participants were 175 elderly persons with dementia recruited from 11 nursing home facilities in Maryland. Observations of the participants’ behavior were conducted using the agitated behaviors mapping instrument. Results The profiles that emerged for physically agitated residents and for verbally agitated residents were remarkably similar to those originally reported. Specifically, verbally agitated behaviors correlated with female gender, with cognitive decline, poor performance of activities of daily living, impaired social functioning, and signs of depressed affect. Physically non-aggressive agitated behaviors correlated with cognitive impairment and with fewer concurrent medical diagnoses. Conclusions Examining correlates of different syndromes of agitated behaviors may provide researchers with valuable information that can be used for in-depth analysis of both the characterization and etiology of agitation, thus paving the way for the development of interventions that target particular types of problem behaviors.
Seedling establishment shapes the distribution of shade-adapted forest herbs across a topographical moisture gradient

Summary1. In deciduous forests, herb distribution patterns can shift dramatically across topographicalgradients, yet it remains unclear whether topographical associations reﬂect regeneration nichedifferencesthatariseduringearlylife-historystages.2. We examined: (i) whether seedling recruitment patterns were consistent with topographicaldistributions of established populations and (ii) how environmental heterogeneity at two spatialscalesinﬂuencesspatialpatternsofseedlingrecruitmentinfourshade-adaptedforestherbs(Actaearacemosa, Hydrastis canadensis, Panax quinquefolius and Sanguinaria canadensis), which areharvested from the wild for their medicinal properties but differ in life histories and seed mass.Topographical distributions were quantiﬁed in transect surveys of forest stands, and then seed wasexperimentally transplanted into litter microenvironments (bare, shallow and deep) on opposingtopographicalpositions(NE-facingcoveforestandSW-facingoakforest).3. ForestherbsthatweremorefrequentinmoistNE-facingcoveforests( A. racemosa,H. canadensisand S. canadensis) suffered higher mortality when their seeds were dispersed into the drierSW-facingoakforest,althoughthestagesthatlimitedrecruitmentdifferedamongspecies.4. For A. racemosa and S. canadensis, the selectivity of the slope topographical ﬁlter varied instrength among years that differed in soil moisture. Seedling distributions expanded across thetopographicalgradientduringa‘wet’yearbutcontractedduringa‘dry’year.5. Litter effects were often context-dependent. Litter-removing disturbance increased seedlingrecruitment of H. canadensis, but only in the NE-facing cove forest. When soil moisture was limit-ing in either space or time, microenvironments where litter was present tended to enhanceemergenceand⁄orsurvivalrelativetolitter-freemicroenvironments.6.ForP. quinquefolius, which hasbeenharvested from the wildforover200 years,seedlimitationis a fundamental constraint on its distribution along a topographical moisture gradient. Across allmicroenvironments, the net recruitment rate of P. quinquefolius, the largest-seeded and leastabundant species,was anorderofmagnitudegreater thanthat of A. racemosa, the smallest-seededandmostabundantspecies.7. Synthesis. Many shade-adapted forest herbs are declining in abundance due to anthropogenicfactors. Conservation efforts must consider dispersal limitation in the spatial context of environ-mentalﬁltersthatcanvaryinstrengthandqualityovertime.Key-words: Actaea racemosa, habitat limitation, Hydrastis canadensis, litter, microsite limitation,Panax quinquefolius, regeneration niche, Sanguinaria canadensis, spatial heterogeneity, topographyIntroduction
Mammalian species richness on islands on the Sunda Shelf, Southeast Asia

A rich mammalian fauna is found on islands that lie on the Sunda Shelf, a continental shelf extending from Vietnam to Borneo and Java that was periodically exposed as dry land during the Pleistocene. The correlation between log of island area and number of species is high (r 2=0.94); the slope of the curve is moderate (z=0.235). Distance from small islands to “source areas” (=Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula) does not appear to affect species richness, nor does depth of water to source area (a measure of isolation time). A species-area curve for forest reserves of varying sizes on the Malay Peninsula has a low slope (z=0.104); comparison of the mainlaind and island curves indicates that decreasing island area is strongly correlated with increased extinction. Extinction has left reduced but ecologically balanced sets of species on all islands, except that carnivores are under-represented on all but the largest islands. Initial body size and rarity appear to play a significant role in determining the probability of extinction of individual species.