cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive sensorless Maximum Power Point Tracking control for PMSG Wind Energy Conversion Systems

The major constraints encountered by a conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are perturbation speed versus control efficiency trade-off, use of mechanical sensors and system dependent characteristics. In view of these drawbacks, this paper presents a novel sensorless adaptive control for MPPT in WECS. The proposed control allows the generator to track the optimal operating point of the WECS under fluctuating wind conditions by an efficient two-step tracking process. The first step adapts an intelligent iterative approach to update the duty cycle of the boost converter to coordinate with the rapid changes in the wind conditions. A novel scanning process is initiated in succession with the iterative approach to counteract the non-constant efficiencies of the generator-converter subsystems in order to fine tune the obtained MPP. The performance of the proposed method is verified in simulation (PSCAD/EMTDC) and experimental results from a hardware prototype are also presented. The proposed method is compared with conventional perturb and observer (P&O) MPPT controller. The obtained results clearly demonstrates that the proposed control is more efficient than other conventional methods.
Deuterio-carotenoid pigments from fully deuterated green algae.

Abstract Fully deuterated crystalline α- and β-carotene and lutein have been isolated from fully deuterated algae, and solutions of deuterio-violaxanthin and deuterio-neoxanthin have been obtained. Significant differences occur in the visible absorption spectra of the deuterio-carotenoids as compared to those of the hydrogen compounds, and these differences are discussed. Ordinary and deuterio-β-carotene can be separated quite completely by chromatography in activated magnesia, thus further illustrating the extent to which certain properties are modified by extensive isotopic replacement.
Effects of Paracommissural Septal-Lateral Annular Cinching on Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation

Background— Previous experimental studies demonstrated that central septal-lateral (SL) annular cinching (SLAC) abolishes acute ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), but whether localized cinching near the anterior (ACOM) or posterior (PCOM) commissure is equally effective is unknown. Methods— Six adult sheep underwent implantation of 9 radiopaque markers on the left ventricle, 8 around the mitral annulus (MA) and 1 on each papillary muscle (PM) tip. Transannular SL sutures were placed at the valve center (CENT) and near ACOM and PCOM and externalized. Acute IMR was induced by proximal circumflex coronary snare occlusion. Biplane videofluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography were performed before and continuously during 3 episodes of myocardial ischemia including 20 seconds of SLAC at each different location. End-systolic MA SL dimension at each suture location and distances between the anterior and posterior PM tips and mid-septal annulus (“saddle horn”) were calculated from the 3-dimensional (3D) marker coordinates. Results— SLAC interventions in all 3 locations reduced the degree of IMR, but cinching at the center, SLACCENT, had a significantly greater effect on reducing the magnitude of IMR than SLACPCOM or SLACACOM (mean grade of IMR reduction=1.0±0.5, 1.8±0.5, and 0.9±0.2 for SLACACOM, SLACCENT, and SLACPCOM, respectively; P =0.044). Although ACOM and PCOM cinching reduced SLCENT somewhat, only SLACCENT simultaneously reduced both SLACOM and SLPCOM and also repositioned both PM tips closer to the annular saddle horn. Conclusions— SLAC in all 3 positions reduced acute IMR, but central SLAC cinching was most effective, reduced all mitral annular SL dimensions, and relocated both PM tips closer to the mid-septal annulus. Central SLAC is most capable of correcting the annular and subvalvular perturbations accompanying acute left ventricular ischemia that lead to IMR.
Clinical Implications of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a prevalent condition in the elderly. Depending on the diagnostic criteria used, more than 10% to 15% of people over the age of 60 are estimated to be deficient in vitamin B12. Diagnosis can be problematic because vitamin B12 deficiency may present as neurological or mental-status changes—which can be confused with symptoms of other age-related neurological disorders—rather than as megaloblastic anemia. A higher folate intake, due to the fortification of flour with this B vitamin, can mask and/or precipitate the hematologic signs of vitamin B12 deficiency, potentially delaying diagnosis and treatment, and increasing the risk of irreversible neurological damage to elderly people with subtle vitamin B12 deficiency. This paper will discuss two conditions contributing to the high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly, as well as approaches to its diagnosis and treatment.
Uptake, Transport, and Delivery of Antimicrobial Agents by Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are attracted to sites of infection. They have the potential to deliver antimicrobial agents to these sites if the agents enter the cells and do not alter migration. Penicillin G did not enter cells and was not transported by PMN. We found that azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and telithromycin were concentrated in PMN and transported toward a chemoattractant. These antimicrobial agents were released from the PMN and inhibited the growth of bacteria on test plates.
Petrology of ALH85085: a chondrite with unique characteristics

The characteristics of the chondrite ALH85085 are examined. It is found that the chondrules of ALH85085 are 25-75 microns in size. The majority of the chondrules are cryptocrystalline and all of them are volatile depleted. It is shown that the FeNi metal abundance is 40.9 wt pct and the sulfide abundance is 1.1 wt pct. The matrix lumps and bulk composition of ALH85085 are analyzed. The characteristics of ALH85085 are compared with other chondrite groups, showing that it cannot be classified. The possible origin of ALH85085 is analyzed, showing trends similar to those of calculated nebular condensation paths indicating a nebular origin.
Stability analysis of QCN: the averaging principle

Data Center Networks have recently caused much excitement in the industry and in the research community. They represent the convergence of networking, storage, computing and virtualization. This paper is concerned with the Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) algorithm, developed for Layer 2 congestion management. QCN has recently been standardized as the IEEE 802.1Qau Ethernet Congestion Notification standard.We provide a stability analysis of QCN, especially in terms of its ability to utilize high capacity links in the shallow-buffered data center network environment. After a brief description of the QCN algorithm, we develop a delay-differential equation model for mathematically characterizing it. We analyze the model using a linearized approximation, obtaining stability margins as a function of algorithm parameters and network operating conditions. A second contribution of the paper is the articulation and analysis of the Averaging Principle (AP)---a new method for stabilizing control loops when lags increase. The AP is distinct from other well-known methods of feedback stabilization such as higher-order state feedback and lag-dependent gain adjustment. It turns out that the QCN and the BIC-TCP (and CUBIC) algorithms use the AP; we show that this enables them to be stable under large lags. The AP is also of independent interest since it applies to general control systems, not just congestion control systems.
Attachment, Family Therapy, and Relational Psychoanalysis: Introduction to Virginia Goldner’s “Romantic Bonds, Binds, and Ruptures: Couples on the Brink”

Virginia Goldner’s paper reflects her exceptional role as a leader in both the family therapy and relational psychoanalytic worlds. Integrating those domains with theory and attachment and affect regulation, she presents a vivid and elegant theoretical perspective with an acutely empathic and self-reflective account of a torturous case. Commentaries by Leslie Greenberg and Paul Wachtel follow, along with a reply from Goldner.
Women and Dramatic Writing in the British Romantic Era

Twenty years ago, few teachers and scholars of British Romanticism could have said much about women's dramatic writing in the British Romantic era. However, over the past ten years or so, many scholars have been asking not only what dramatic writing by British women of the era lies in the archives ready to be recovered, but also which questions should guide reconsideration of British women's dramatic writing during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of sulfinpyrazone and its metabolites in biological fluids

A rapid, senstivie, and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative analysis of sulfinpyrazone and its sulfone and p-hydroxy metabolites in plasma and urine. The method uses two different procedures for sample preparation: (1) a rapid and convenient procedure using a single extraction with 1-chlorobutane and subsequent back-extraction into sodium hydroxide solution for the analysis of sulfinpyrazone and its sulfone metabolite, and (2) a more time consuming procedure using triple extraction with ethylene dichloride, a buffer wash, and back extraction into the base for the additional analysis of the p-hydroxy metabolite. The lower limit of sensitivity for fulfinpyrazone is 50 ng/ml. Concentrations of sulfinpyrazone between 0.05 and 0.1 and 50 micrograms/ml were measured with an average coefficient of variation of 3.9%, ranging from 1.5 to 6.1%.
Anglican Orders and Orthodox Politics

This essay examines the political and religious impetus behind Patriarch Meletios Metaxakis's recognition of Anglican orders in 1922. The furore surrounding recognition, the events that led up to it and the fall-out that followed shed light on the many difficulties faced by religious leaders in the post-war Orthodox world, difficulties that led to fierce jockeying among Orthodox clerics as they tried to establish themselves in relation to their coreligionists and to the larger Christian world. The controversy also offers insight into the problems inherent when a ‘comprehensive’ Church such as the Church of England enters into discussions with a more uniformly dogmatic confession such as Orthodoxy.
Haptically assisted golf putting through a planar four-cable system

Individuals learning a new sport often repeat a motion hundreds or thousands of times to try to perfect their form. The quintessential example of this process may be a beginning golfer struggling to learn to putt, where strokes must be precise and consistent in order to place the ball in the hole. This paper presents a four-cable haptic device designed to help golfers learn to improve their putting accuracy. This planar three-DOF system provides feedback that consists of two Cartesian forces and one angular moment. We present the system's design and kinematics, along with a closed-loop controller that helps the user keep the putter head at the correct angle in the plane. We evaluated our design through a study in which five subjects used the system to repeatedly putt at a target both with and without assistance. While assistance did not change the mean of the putting distribution, it did significantly affect the variance for some subjects.
Patterning and early cell lineage decisions in the developing kidney: the role of Pax genes

Specification of the intermediate mesoderm and the epithelial derivatives that will make the mammalian kidney depends on the concerted action of many transcription factors and signaling proteins. Among the earliest genes expressed in the nephric duct and surrounding mesenchyme is Pax2, whose function is essential for making and maintaining the epithelium. The Pax2 protein is subject to phosphorylation in response to signals that activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, including Wnts and BMPs. In cell culture systems, Pax2 is know to recruit components of a histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase complex to specific DNA sites to alter the pattern of histone modifications and determine gene expression. This epigenetic function may underlie the ability of Pax2 and similar proteins to maintain cell lineages during development.
Cocteau's Orphée: From myth to drama and film

(1965). Cocteau's Orphee: From myth to drama and film. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 311-325.
The use of E-scores to determine the quality of protein alignments.

Abstract In 2001, the FAO/WHO suggested a procedure for performing FASTA or BLAST searches, and a threshold of greater than 35% identity in 80 or greater amino acids to identify potential allergenic cross-reactivity of transgene encoded proteins in genetically enhanced crops. Transgene encoded proteins meeting or exceeding this threshold would require additional in vitro evaluation for allergy safety. In work described herein, a method to calculate an E-score threshold is proposed for utilizing the full capability of bioinformatics to accurately identify potential cross-reactive allergens. The threshold E-score, 3.9 E−07, was produced using a test dataset of 7695 corn protein sequences and a method that entailed FASTA searches of the FARRP 7 allergen database with each of the dataset sequences using a conventional full length and an 80 amino acid sliding window FASTA comparison followed by an evaluation of E-score distribution. The results show that this E-score threshold identifies known corn allergens and it displays a false positive rate for known allergens that is comparable to that obtained from the 2001 FAO/WHO guidance. Furthermore, the E-score threshold is of sufficient stringency that it rejects the majority of false positive, composition-based anomalies and is 100% effective at identifying Bet v 1 cross-reactive allergens.
Estimating the Change Point of a Poisson Rate Parameter with a Linear Trend Disturbance

Knowing when a process changed would simplify the search and identification of the special cause. In this paper, we compare the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the process change point designed for linear trends to the MLE of the process change point designed for step changes when a linear trend disturbance is present. We conclude that the MLE of the process change point designed for linear trends outperforms the MLE designed for step changes when a linear trend disturbance is present. We also present an approach based on the likelihood function for estimating a confidence set for the process change point. We study the performance of this estimator when it is used with a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and make direct performance comparisons with the estimated confidence sets obtained from the MLE for step changes. The results show that better confidence can be obtained using the MLE for linear trends when a linear trend disturbance is present. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐BLA.36 monoclonal antibody shows reactivity with hodgkin's cells and B lymphocytes in frozen and paraffin‐embedded tissues

A newly developed monoclonal antibody, anti-BLA.36, raised against a Hodgkin cell line, was shown to have reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells and activated B lymphocytes and appears to be distinct from other antibodies which identify antigens of hematopoietic cells. Anti-BLA.36 was evaluated in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease of various types and 35 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas representative of the different major subtypes. The specificity of anti-BLA.36 was compared with other antibodies that have been used to mark Hodgkin's cells and B lymphocytes: namely, L26, LN-1, Leu-M1 and Ber-H2, as well as UCHL-1, a pan-T lymphocyte marker. In addition, a subset of the cases was evaluated using frozen tissue in order to validate the staining characteristics of anti-BLA.36 as observed in fixed paraffin sections. Anti-BLA.36 was found to react with Hodgkin's cells more consistently than the other antibodies used in this panel. The antibody reacted with an antigen on Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants (Hodgkin's cells) in all four subtypes of Hodgkin's disease, and with a subset of reactive and malignant B lymphocytes, but not with T lymphocytes. It may, therefore, be useful in the evaluation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Finally, this is the first antibody raised to a Hodgkin's cell line which also consistently marks reactive and malignant B cells, but not T cells. The implications of this observation are discussed in relation to the cellular origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell and the overall nature of Hodgkin's disease.
Genetics of neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex.

The development of the cerebral cortex requires large-scale movement of neurons from areas of proliferation to areas of differentiation and adult function in the cortex proper, and the patterns of this neuronal migration are surprisingly complex. The migration of neurons is affected by several naturally occurring genetic defects in humans and mice; identification of the genes responsible for some of these conditions has recently yielded new insights into the mechanisms that regulate migration. Other key genes have been identified via the creation of induced mutations that can also cause dramatic disorders of neuronal migration. However, our understanding of the physiological and biochemical links between these genes is still relatively spotty. A number of molecules have also been studied in mice (Reelin, mDab1, and the VLDL and ApoE2 receptors) that appear to represent part of a coherent signaling pathway that regulates migration, because multiple genes cause an indistinguishable phenotype when mutated. On the other hand, two human genes that cause lissencephaly (LIS1, DCX) encode proteins that have recently been implicated as regulators or microtubule dynamics. This article reviews some of the mutant phenotypes in light of the mechanisms of neuronal migration. MRDD Research Reviews 6:34-40, 2000.
Bed to wall radiation heat transfer in a gas-solid fluidized bed

Abstract Experimental and analytical results are reported for radiant wall to bed heat transfer in fluidized beds. The experiments were carried out by transmitting heat from a source through a transparent wall and by maintaining the wall at the bulk bed temperature. It was thus possible to achieve purely radiative heat transfer at source temperature as low as 600°K. The results were interpreted in terms of a model postulating transient radiative heat transfer from source to the particles during their finite residence time at the wall. By using the analysis an estimate was made of the operating conditions under which thermal radiation is likely to make a significant contribution to the overall heat transfer mechanism in real systems, (where radiation and convection occur simultaneously).
New drug therapy for acute seizure management

Several new agents have recently become available for the long-term treatment of epilepsy. Until now, there has been little change for the acute management of seizures. Three new agents may alter our present practice. Fosphenytoin has recently been approved as a substitute for parenteral phenytoin. It provides similar efficacy without the risk for infusion site injury while allowing greater flexibility in intravenous solutions. Intravenous valproate adds flexibility for patients on valproate, allowing patients to be rapidly loaded. In addition, it will prevent patients from having to change seizure medications when intervening medical illness or surgery do not allow medications by mouth. Viscous diazepam solution for rectal administration will allow for safe and effective treatment for seizures at home and will potentially decrease emergency department sevices and hospitalization.
Factors associated with college crimes: Implications for campus police

A considerable amount of attention is now being paid to the serious nature of campus crime. However, little information is available with regard to those factors that might be closely associated with such incidents. This paper discusses security features and demographic characteristics of a select number of colleges throughout the country. It also describes the extent to which these factors are related to campus crimes. Conclusions and recommendations for campus police officials are discussed.
Synthesis of Enantiopure Termini-Differentiated Heptane Stereotriads.1 Application to Side Chain-Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans of IKD-8344

Enantiopure epoxy cycloheptenyl sulfones syn-7b and anti-7b are prepared in five high-yielding and stereospecific operations from 1,3-cycloheptadiene. These substrates serve as effective precursors for cis- and trans-substituted tetrahydrofurans (12, 10) which are segments of the antineoplastic agent IKD-8344.
Laser initiated combustion of CH4 + O2 mixtures

Abstract A single pulse from a TEA CO 2 laser is used to photo-ignite 1 : 7 : 14 and 1 : 4 : 8 mixtures of SF 6 /CH 4 /O 2 at pressures from 75 Torr to 200 Torr. Ignition of a 100 Torr mixture with a short duration pulse (one-half the energy deposited in 0.25 μs) requires ≈20% less absorbed energy than with a long duration pulse (one-half the energy deposited in 0.82 μs). This result indicates some nonthermal component in the combustion initiation, i.e., the short duration pulse is more effective in producing a high population density of reactive species than the longer duration pulse.
Effect of Haloperidol on Measures of Craving and Impaired Control in Alcoholic * Subjects

We recently proposed that alcoholics suffer from a functional defect within the basal ganglia/limbic striatum or its modulation by dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmentum, and that inhibition of striatal output caused by the prodopaminergic effects of alcohol ingestion induces or exacerbates craving and impaired control over alcohol consumption in alcoholic individuals. To test this hypothesis, 16 subjects with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence or abuse were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment in which the effects of the D-2 antagonist haloperidol on measures of craving and impaired control were assessed before and after administration of a priming dose of alcohol. Subjects were pretreated with 0.015-0.025 mg/kg haloperidol (experimental condition) or 2 ml normal saline (control condition), and subsequently consumed 0.4-0.6 g/kg ethanol as their preferred alcohol-containing beverage. Significant increases in subjectively rated craving for alcohol and perceived difficulty resisting additional alcohol consumption occurred following the priming dose of alcohol when subjects were pretreated with saline. In contrast, no significant changes in reported ability to resist additional alcohol occurred when subjects were pretreated with haloperidol, and reported levels of craving decreased relative to baseline following haloperidol pretreatment. Subjects also consumed about 25% less optionally available alcohol when pretreated with haloperidol than when pretreated with saline. These findings support the hypothesis that craving and impaired control are induced or exacerbated by the prodopaminergic effects of alcohol consumption.
Ovarian Follicular Growth and Maturation in Laying Hens and the Relation to Egg Quality

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE period of rapid development of the ovum, the period during which yolk material is actively deposited in the ovum, has been followed by fat-soluble dye incorporation technique in studies reported by Warren and Conrad (1939) and Lacassagne (1957, 1960, 1962). A difference in time of rapid development within clutches, as well as a range of seven to eleven days for rapid development was noticed in these studies. Lacassagne (1960) reported a variation of ovum weight within clutch position and noted that follicular maturation (cessation of rapid development) and ovulation were not necessarily simultaneous events. Bacon and Cherms (1968), in a study of ovarian function in turkeys, found that the rest period (the time between follicular maturation and ovulation) did not remain constant for all eggs within clutches of varying lengths. The mean rest period of first eggs from all length clutches (the uninterrupted succession of eggs, or a . . .
Modeling Supply Chain Dynamics: A Multiagent Approach

A global economy and increase in customer expectations in terms of cost and services have put a premium on effective supply chain reengineering. It is essential to perform risk-benefit analysis of reengineering alternatives before making a final decision. Simulation provides an effective pragmatic approach to detailed analysis and evaluation of supply chain design and management alternatives. However, the utility of this methodology is hampered by the time and effort required to develop models with sufficient fidelity to the actual supply chain of interest. In this paper, we describe a supply chain modeling framework designed to overcome this difficulty. Using our approach, supply chain models are composed from software components that represent types of supply chain agents (e.g., retailers, manufacturers, transporters), their constituent control elements (e.g., inventory policy), and their interaction protocols (e.g., message types). The underlying library of supply chain modeling components has been derived from analysis of several different supply chains. It provides a reusable base of domain-specific primitives that enables rapid development of customized decision support tools.
Static electromigration analysis for signal interconnects

With the increase in current densities, electromigration has become a critical concern in high-performance designs. Typically, electromigration has involved the process of time-domain simulation of drivers and interconnect to obtain average, RMS, and peak current values for each wire segment. However, this approach cannot be applied to large problem sizes where hundreds of thousands of nets must be analyzed, each consisting of many thousands of RC elements. In this paper, we propose a static electromigration analysis approach. We show that under conditions that are typically met by VLSI interconnects, the charge transfer through wire segments of a net can be calculated directly by solving a system of linear equations, thereby eliminating the need for time domain simulation. Also, we prove that under these conditions the charge transfer through a wire segment is independent of the shape of the driver current waveform. From the charge transfer through each wire segment, the average current is obtained directly, as well as approximate RMS and peak currents. We account for the different possible switching scenarios that give rise to unidirectional or bi-directional current by separating the charge transfer from the rising and falling transitions, and also propose approaches for modeling multiple simultaneous switching drivers. The results on a number of industrial circuits demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the approach.
Evolutionary history inferred from the de novo assembly of a nonmodel organism, the blue-eyed black lemur

Lemurs, the living primates most distantly related to humans, demonstrate incredible diversity in behaviour, life history patterns and adaptive traits. Although many lemur species are endangered within their native Madagascar, there is no high-quality genome assembly from this taxon, limiting population and conservation genetic studies. One critically endangered lemur is the blue-eyed black lemur Eulemur flavifrons. This species is fixed for blue irises, a convergent trait that evolved at least four times in primates and was subject to positive selection in humans, where 5′ regulatory variation of OCA2 explains most of the brown/blue eye colour differences. We built a de novo genome assembly for E. flavifrons, providing the most complete lemur genome to date, and a high confidence consensus sequence for close sister species E. macaco, the (brown-eyed) black lemur. From diversity and divergence patterns across the genomes, we estimated a recent split time of the two species (160 Kya) and temporal fluctuations in effective population sizes that accord with known environmental changes. By looking for regions of unusually low diversity, we identified potential signals of directional selection in E. flavifrons at MITF, a melanocyte development gene that regulates OCA2 and has previously been associated with variation in human iris colour, as well as at several other genes involved in melanin biosynthesis in mammals. Our study thus illustrates how whole-genome sequencing of a few individuals can illuminate the demographic and selection history of nonmodel species.
Performance Limits of Trace Caches

A growing number of studies have explored the use o f trace caches as a mechanism to increase instruction fetch bandwidth. The trace cac he is a memory structure that stores statically non-contiguous but dynamically adjacent inst ructions in contiguous memory locations. When coupled with an aggressive trace or multiple branch predictor, it can fetch multiple basic blocks per cycle using a single-port ed cache structure. This paper compares trace cache performance to the theoretical limit of a three-block fetch mechanism. The three-block fetch mechanism is modeled by an ideali zed 3-ported instruction cache with a zero-latency alignment network. Several new metrics are defined to formalize analysis of the trace cache. These include fragmentation, dupli cation, indexability, and efficiency metrics. We show that performance is more limited by b ranch mispredictions than ability to fetch multiple blocks per cycle. As branch predicti on improves, high duplication and the resulting low efficiency are shown to be among the reasons that the trace cache does not reach its upper bound. Based on the shortcomings of the trace cache shown in this paper, we identify some potential future research areas. Instruction supply is a key element in the performa nce of current superscalar processors. Because of the large number of branch instructions in the typical instruction stream and the small size of basic blocks, fetching through multip le branches per cycle is critical to high performance processors. Traditional instruction cac he designs cannot fetch past multiple branches per cycle, and in particular through multi ple taken branches per cycle. The trace cache fetch mechanism is a solution to th e problem of fetching past multiple branches in a single cycle. It stores dynamically a djacent instructions in a contiguous memory block and can do so with intervening branch ins tructions. When it is coupled with a multiple-branch predictor, it can provide a high-bandw idth mechanism to fetch multiple basic blocks per cycle. This paper presents a study of the limits of trace cache performance and their causes. The goal is not to compare the trace cache against othe r competing mechanisms or to introduce any new features, but to study where current trace cache configurations can improve. The contributions of this study are: • an examination of the limit of trace cache perform ance based on an idealized 3-block fetch mechanism that is modeled by a 3-port ed instruction cache with a perfect instruction alignment network; • a definition of several metrics to aid in analysis of trace cache performance;
Metal gate work function adjustment for future CMOS technology

CMOS transistors were fabricated using a single metal, [110]-Mo, as the gate material. [110]-Mo shows a high work function value that is suitable for PMOSFETs, and, with nitrogen implantation, its work function can be reduced to meet the requirements of NMOSFETs. The change in Mo work function can be controlled by the nitrogen implant parameters, which is potentially useful for multiple-V/sub T/ technology. TEM and EDS analysis show that Mo gate electrodes are stable after undergoing a conventional CMOS process.
Radiation therapy for pathologic stage III Hodgkin's disease with and without chemotherapy

Abstract Ninety-eight patients with pathological Stage (PS) III Hodgkin's disease treated between 1969 and 1984 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment consisted of radiation therapy (RT) alone in 46 patients and combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy (CMT) in 52 patients. The median follow-up was 10 years (range 3–19 years). Fifteen-year survival for patients with Stage III 1 is better than for Stage III 2 patients (82% vs 53%; p = .014). Patients with Stage III 1 A have a favorable prognosis regardless of treatment modality. The probability of freedom from relapse at 15 years for patients with pathological Stage III 1 A treated with radiation therapy is 70%, compared to 83% for pathological Stage III 1 A patients treated with combined modality therapy ( p = .56). In patients with pathological Stage III 2 A, III 1 B, and III 2 B relapses were less frequent with the use of combined modality therapy compared to radiation therapy. We conclude that pathological Stage III 1 A patients may be treated with radiation therapy alone; the other subsets of patients benefit from combined radiation and chemotherapy.
Association between posterior uveal melanoma and iris freckles, iris naevi, and choroidal naevi.

Aim: To investigate the association between posterior uveal melanoma and iris freckles, iris naevi, and choroidal naevi. Methods: Cross sectional study of 65 patients with posterior uveal melanoma and 218 controls. Iris colour, iris freckles, iris naevi, and choroidal naevi were recorded for each eye of each patient. Results: Iris freckles were present in 40 (61.5%) patients with melanoma and 135 (61.9%) controls (p = 0.494). Iris naevi were present in four (6.2%) patients with melanoma and nine (4.1%) controls (p = 0.955). Choroidal naevi were present in 12 (18.5%) patients with melanoma and 38 (17.4%) controls (p = 0.815). Conclusion: This study did not detect an association between posterior uveal melanoma and iris freckles, iris naevi, or choroidal naevi.
Increased serum antibody levels against Cow's milk proteins in children with chronic liver disease

We measured IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to cow's milk proteins: alpha-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin-a and beta-lactoglobulin-b in the sera of 29 pediatric patients with liver disease. IgG antibodies to bovine serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin-a and beta-lactoglobulin-b and IgA antibodies to alpha-casein were elevated in most of the patients compared to age-matched controls. We postulate that, in patients with liver disease either increased intestinal uptake resulting in increased humoral response, or decreased hepatic clearance of food antigens intensifying a humoral response to these foreign antigens, may occur.
Anxiety and Attitude of Graduate Students in On-Campus vs. Online Statistics Courses

This study compared levels of statistics anxiety and attitude toward statistics for graduate students in on-campus and online statistics courses. The Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics and three...
Arterial splenic calcifications in children with AIDS: two case reports

Splenic calcifications in AIDS patients are usually round and result from infections with opportunistic pathogens such as Pneumocystis carinii, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Cytomegalovirus. We describe here a remarkable echopattern of the spleen in two pediatric patients, resulting from linear, branching calcifications in the splenic parenchymal arteries. We believe this echopattern represents the ultrasonographic manifestation of an HIV-associated vasculopathy.
Abstract Image Management and Universal Image Registration for Cloud and HPC Infrastructures

Cloud computing has become an important driver for delivering infrastructure as a service (IaaS) to users with on-demand requests for customized environments and sophisticated software stacks. Within the FutureGrid (FG) project, we offer different IaaS frameworks as well as high performance computing infrastructures by allowing users to explore them as part of the FG testbed. To ease the use of these infrastructures, as part of performance experiments, we have designed an image management framework, which allows us to create user defined software stacks based on abstract image management and uniform image registration. Consequently, users can create their own customized environments very easily. The complex processes of the underlying infrastructures are managed by our sophisticated software tools and services. Besides being able to manage images for IaaS frameworks, we also allow the registration and deployment of images onto bare-metal by the user. This level of functionality is typically not offered in a HPC (high performance computing) infrastructure. However, our approach provides users with the ability to create their own environments changing the paradigm of administrator-controlled dynamic provisioning to user-controlled dynamic provisioning, which we also call raining. Thus, users obtain access to a testbed with the ability to manage state-of-the-art software stacks that would otherwise not be supported in typical compute centers. Security is also considered by vetting images before they are registered in a infrastructure. In this paper, we present the design of our image management framework and evaluate two of its major components. This includes the image creation and image registration. Our design and implementation can support the current FG user community interested in such capabilities.
Usage model-based automated testing of C++ templates

The object-oriented design of software in C++ using class templates presents many advantages over non-object-oriented or non-template based software design. However, the testing of template based C++ software involves some unique issues not usually faced during the testing of non-template based software. This paper will describe these testing issues and describe a proposed solution to these issues using a usage model-based automated testing framework.
Exotic Magnets for Accelerators

Over the last few years, several novel magnet designs have been introduced to meet the requirements of new, high performance accelerators and beam lines. For example, the FAIR project at GSI requires superconducting magnets ramped at high rates (~4 T/s) in order to achieve the design intensity. Magnets for the RIA and FAIR projects and for the next generation of LHC interaction regions will need to withstand high doses of radiation. Helical magnets are required to maintain and control the polarization of high energy protons at RHIC. In other cases, novel magnets have been designed in response to limited budgets and space. For example, it is planned to use combined function superconducting magnets for the 50 GeV proton transport line at J-PARC to satisfy both budget and performance requirements. Novel coil winding methods have been developed for short, large aperture magnets such as those used in the insertion region upgrade at BEPC. This paper will highlight the novel features of these exotic magnets
Songbird Use of Regenerating Forest, Glade, and Edge Habitat Types

Population numbers of many bird species associated with early-successional or disturbance-dependent habitat types are declining. We used an information–theoretic approach to evaluate hypotheses concerning factors affecting breeding bird densities in different early-successional habitat types. We studied shrubland bird communities in 3- to 5-year-old regenerating forest (n = 3), glade (n = 3), and forest–pasture edge (n = 3) habitat types in the predominantly forested Missouri Ozarks in 1997–1999. We monitored 8 bird species using spot mapping and total mapping techniques, searched for and monitored nests, and measured vegetation structure within nested circular plots. In evaluating breeding densities in these habitat types, we compared support for a global model with year, habitat type, and a habitat type × year interaction to several reduced models and a null model with only an intercept, and we used model-averaged coefficients to evaluate effect size. We found support for the effects of habitat type on breeding densities of prairie warbler (Dendroica discolor) and yellow-breasted chat (Icteria virens); the effects of habitat type and year on densities of blue-winged warbler (Vermivora pinus), eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), and field sparrow (Spizella pusilla); the effect of year on densities of indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) and northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis); and no effects on densities of white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus). The effect size of habitat type on breeding densities varied among species and indicated important species-specific differences in habitat use. Most shrubland bird species used both glades and regenerating forests more than forest–pasture edge sites, and breeding densities of some species were higher in regenerating forests than in glades. For some species, patterns in reproductive success (reported as interval nest success) mirrored observed patterns in breeding densities. However, substantial variation existed among species with respect to patterns in habitat use and nest success. Conservation planning for the persistence of birds requiring early-successional habitat types should consider the ephemeral nature of these areas and the potential contribution from young, regenerating forest.
Mechanistic insights into the production of methyl lactate by catalytic conversion of carbohydrates on mesoporous Zr-SBA-15

Abstract The as-synthesized Zr-SBA-15 catalysts with tunable mesoporous structures showed excellent catalytic performance for the conversion of carbohydrates to methyl lactate in a “one-pot” process using near-critical methanol or methanol–water mixture as the solvents. The effects of reaction conditions, including temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading amount, on the conversions of carbohydrates and the yields of methyl lactate were investigated. The high yields of methyl lactate, up to 41% and 44%, were produced from pentose and hexose, respectively, in the near-critical methanol at 240 °C. Moreover, the Si/Zr ratio of the Zr-SBA-15 catalysts profoundly affected the Lewis acidity and therefore the catalytic activity and selectivity to methyl lactate in the conversion of carbohydrates. The pore size of the Zr-SBA-15 catalysts, tuned by the synthesis temperature, strongly affected the formation of solid residues. The key intermediates such as glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and pyruvaldehyde were used as probe reactants to understand the mechanism. The role of the Zr-SBA-15 catalyst in the aldol- and retro-aldol condensation, isomerization, and Cannizzaro reactions of carbohydrates and their derivatives was discussed. Furthermore, 28% and 27% yields of methyl lactate were obtained from cellulose and starch, respectively, in methanol–water mixture (5 wt% water and 95 wt% methanol) at 240 °C. The Zr-SBA-15 catalyst was relatively stable in short term without regeneration.
Treatment options for metastatic melanoma in solid organ transplant recipients.

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 2.4-fold increased risk for melanoma.1 Renal transplant recipients have an incidence of melanoma up to 8 times greater than the comparison immunocompetent population.2 Posttransplant melanomas diagnosed at a later stage (Breslow depth 1.51-3.00 mm3 and T3/T4 stage tumors4) have worse survival rates than non-SOTRs with melanoma. Immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplantation or autoimmune disease at the time of melanoma diagnosis is associated with a greater risk of death from melanoma, suggesting that melanomas in the setting of immunosuppression are more likely to metastasize.5 The following case report documents the aggressive behavior of a melanoma in a kidney transplant patient. Because later stage melanomas in SOTRs have a high risk for metastasis, practitioners will benefit from understanding how immunosuppression influences the choice of treatment among the growing number of systemic medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Cardiac injury after all-terrain vehicle accidents in 2 children and a review of the literature

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents leading to severe morbidity and mortality are common. At our institution, 2 children presented within weeks of each other after ATV accidents. Both children required cardiac valve surgery. The surgical management of these 2 children is discussed, and the literature is reviewed. On initial patient presentation, the diagnosis of a ruptured cardiac valve or ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with these types of accidents is often delayed. We propose that patients presenting with evidence of high-energy blunt thoracic trauma after an ATV accident should undergo an electrocardiogram, cardiac enzyme assessment, and cardiac echocardiogram as part of the initial work-up to rule out significant myocardial injury.
Targeting Cell Death and Sterile Inflammation Loop for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease represents a wide spectrum of conditions and is currently the most common form of chronic liver disease affecting both adults and children in the United States and many other parts of the world. Great effort has been focused on the development of novel therapies for those patients with the more advanced forms of the disease, in particular those with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis that can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, the authors focus on the role of cell death and sterile inflammatory pathways as well as the self-perpetuating deleterious cycle they may trigger as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of fibrotic NASH.
Elements of Entomology—The Insect

Among the elements of entomology which comprise the subject of our discussion I think we must concede that the insect is one of the most important. In fact, when I saw a preliminary announcement of this meeting and noticed that my contribution was entitled “The Role of the Insect in Entomology” it was my thought that I would need to do little more than stand up and say that without the insect we would have no entomology. On second thought, it seemed likely that this might not entirely please our program chairman; so I took a long look at the title and concluded that we could profitably ask ourselves just how insects have affected the growth and direction of entomology.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Whisker Magnesium Salt/POE/PP Blend System

The whisker magnesi um,POE and PP were blended to develop modif ied PP composite. The modification mechanism of PP by whisker magnesium and POE was discussed,th e mechanical properties of the modifi ed PP were tested,and the microstructure of the modified PP was analyzed.The t est results showed that whisker magnesium u sed with POE had good toughening and reinforcing ef fects on PP.
Overcoming resistance to imatinib by combining targeted agents.

Bcr-Abl, the causative molecular abnormality of CML [3][1] is known to activate numerous intracellular signaling proteins and pathways. These include ras, raf, phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, AKT, STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription), and various antiapoptotic proteins ([1][2