cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
11-Oxygenated Androgens Are Biomarkers of Adrenal Volume and Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Context Patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) have long-term complications, resulting from poor disease control and/or glucocorticoid overtreatment. Lack of optimal biomarkers has made it challenging to tailor therapy and predict long-term outcomes. Objective To identify biomarkers of disease control and long-term complications in 21OHD. Setting and Participants Cross-sectional study of 114 patients (70 males), ages 2 to 67 years (median, 15 years), seen in a tertiary referral center. Methods We correlated a mass-spectrometry panel of 23 steroids, obtained before first morning medication, with bone age advancement (children), adrenal volume (adults), testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART), hirsutism, menstrual disorders, and pituitary hormones. Results Total adrenal volume correlated positively with 18 steroids, most prominently 21-deoxycortisol and four 11-oxygenated-C19 (11oxC19) steroids: 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), 11-ketoandrostenedione (11ketoA4), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT), and 11-ketotestosterone (11ketoT) (r ≈ 0.7, P < 0.0001). Nine steroids were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in males with TART compared with those without TART, including 11OHA4 (6.8-fold), 11OHT (4.9-fold), 11ketoT (3.6-fold), 11ketoA4 (3.3-fold), and pregnenolone sulfate (PregS; 4.8-fold). PregS (28.5-fold) and 17-hydroxypregnenolone sulfate (19-fold) levels were higher (P < 0.01) in postpubertal females with menstrual disorders. In males, testosterone levels correlated positively with all 11oxC19 steroids in Tanner stages 1 and 2 (r ≈ 0.7; P < 0.001) but negatively in Tanner stage 5 (r = -0.3 and P < 0.05 for 11ketoA4 and 11ketoT). In females, testosterone level correlated positively with all four 11oxC19 steroids across all Tanner stages (r ≈ 0.8; P < 0.0001). Conclusion 11oxC19 steroids and PregS might serve as clinically useful biomarkers of disease control and long-term complications in 21OHD.
Is subclinical gambling really subclinical

Abstract Gambling disorder and substance use disorders (SUD) overlap in terms of etiology and diagnostic constructs (e.g., preoccupation, loss of control), yet diagnostic thresholds for the disorders are different. Currently, endorsing 2–3 gambling disorder criteria does not warrant a diagnosis while endorsing 2–3 SUD criteria does. The aim of this study was to examine whether subclinical gamblers (i.e., endorsing 2–3 gambling disorder criteria) experience psychosocial dysfunction equivalent to individuals who are diagnosed with mild severity SUD (i.e., 2–3 SUD criteria) and whether this level of dysfunction is significantly different from individuals with no psychopathology. Data are from the first wave of Quinte Longitudinal Study, a large epidemiological sample (N = 4121). Psychometrically supported measures assessed for psychosocial functioning and the presence of Axis-I psychiatric disorders. Cross-sectional analysis examined 7 domains of psychosocial functioning using ANCOVA, which allowed for the inclusion of covariates, to test for difference between subclinical gamblers and individuals with no psychopathology and individuals with mild severity SUD. Equivalency testing compared subclinical gamblers in relation to mild severity SUD. Subclinical gamblers reported significantly poorer psychosocial functioning in relation to individuals endorsing no current psychopathology. Subclinical gamblers were also equivalent to and not significantly different from individuals with mild severity SUD. Subclinical gamblers experience similar psychosocial impairment to those individuals who endorse mild severity SUD, and this significantly differed from healthy individuals. The threshold for diagnosis of gambling disorder therefore warrants re-examination.
An exome-wide sequencing study of lipid response to high-fat meal and fenofibrate in Caucasians from the GOLDN cohort.

Our understanding of genetic influences on the response of lipids to specific interventions is limited. In this study, we sought to elucidate effects of rare genetic variants on lipid response to a high-fat meal challenge and fenofibrate (FFB) therapy in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) cohort using an exome-wide sequencing-based association study. Our results showed that the rare coding variants in ITGA7, SIPA1L2, and CEP72 are significantly associated with fasting LDL cholesterol response to FFB (P = 1.24E-07), triglyceride postprandial area under the increase (AUI) (P = 2.31E-06), and triglyceride postprandial AUI response to FFB (P = 1.88E-06), respectively. We sought to replicate the association for SIPA1L2 in the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study, which included a high-fat meal challenge but not FFB treatment. The associated rare variants in GOLDN were not observed in the HAPI Heart study, and thus the gene-based result was not replicated. For functional validation, we found that gene transcript level of SIPA1L2 is associated with triglyceride postprandial AUI (P
Dyspnea, cough, and fever for 7 days in an opiate addict.

A 21-year-old woman presented to the emergency department because of dyspnea, cough, and fever for 7 days. The patient had a history of intravenous heroin abuse. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) images are shown below (Figures ​(Figures11–4). Figure 1 Posteroanterior chest radiograph shows ill-defined areas of consolidation (arrows) in both lungs. Scattered, thin-walled cavities (arrowheads) are also seen throughout both lungs. Figure 4 CT image demonstrates a cavitary mass (arrow) with a large feeding vessel (arrowhead). These findings are diagnostic for this condition. For diagnosis and discussion, see the following page. DIAGNOSIS: Septic pulmonary emboli.
Video didactic at the point of care impacts hand hygiene compliance in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

OBJECTIVE To increase the hand-washing (HW) duration of staff and visitors in the NICU to a minimum of 20 seconds as recommended by the CDC. METHODS Intervention included video didactic triggered by motion sensor to play above wash basin. Video enacted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HW technique in real time and displayed timer of 20 seconds. HW was reviewed from surveillance video. Swabs of hands plated and observed for qualitative growth (QG) of bacterial colonies. RESULTS In visitors, the mean HW duration at baseline was 16.3 seconds and increased to 23.4 seconds at the 2-week interval (p = .003) and 22.9 seconds at the 9-month interval (p < .0005). In staff, the mean HW duration at baseline was 18.4 seconds and increased to 29.0 seconds at 2-week interval (p = .001) and 25.7 seconds at the 9-month interval (p < .0005). In visitors, HW compliance at baseline was 33% and increased to 52% at the 2-week interval (p = .076) and 69% at the 9-month interval (p = .001). In staff, HW compliance at baseline was 42% and increased to 64% at the 2-week interval (p = .025) and 72% at the 9-month interval (p = .001). Increasing HW was significantly associated with linear decrease in bacterial QG. CONCLUSIONS The intervention significantly increased mean HW time, compliance with a 20-econd wash time and decreased bacterial QG of hands and these results were sustained over a 9-month period.
A near real-time flood-mapping approach by integrating social media and post-event satellite imagery

ABSTRACTRapid flood mapping is critical for timely damage assessment and post-event recovery support. Remote sensing provides spatially explicit information for the mapping process, but its real-ti...
Teaching Courses on Managing Diversity: Using Learning Contracts to Address Challenges and Model Behavior

Managing for diversity is widely recognized as an increasingly important component of public administration curricula. Students must be prepared to function effectively in a workplace characterized...
A Movable Feast: INTRODUCTION: FROM FORAGING TO FARMING

“ We will now discuss in a little more detail the Struggle for Existence” said Charles Darwin in his 1859 Origin of the Species – a struggle which Thomas Malthus had earlier called “The perpetual struggle for room and food .” On Populations (1798) PLANT LEAVES absorb the sun's energy and construct nutrients through photosynthesis. These are passed along to animals that swallow them when they eat the plants; to animals that eat animals that eat plants; and to other animals, including humans, who eat both plants and animals. Because such nutrients are basic to human survival, finding or producing food has been the most important historical preoccupation of humans and their ancestral species in an evolutionary journey to the top of the food chain. The pages that follow look at the thousands of years of food finding and food producing that have carried us to the brink of food globalization – the latter a process of homogenization whereby the cuisines of the world have been increasingly untied from regional food production, and one that promises to make the foods of the world available to everyone in the world. Food globalization has grabbed headlines as cultures have circled wagons against the imperialism of multinational companies such as McDonald's and Coca Cola. But such standardized food production in which “McDonaldization” has become synonymous with food globalization is a distortion of the concept that has been going on for some 10,000 years since humans first began to control the reproduction of plants and animals; since the first wild rye was brought under cultivation in one place, wheat in another, and maize in another; since the jungle fowl of southeast Asia was transformed into the chicken of Europe and the wild boar, first domesticated in the eastern Mediterranean, became the pig during its long eastward dispersal (with many more domestications) toward Indonesia, before sailing off with the human pioneers who spread out across the Pacific.
Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by Cells of the Innate Immune System: Bone Marrow Natural Killer Cells Inhibit T Cell Proliferation

Natural killer (NK) cells represent the third largest population of lymphocytes after T and B cells and are derived from the same precursor cell, although they do not express antigen-specific receptors (Yokoyama et al., 2004). However, they can distinguish normal host cells from virus-infected or tumor cells and lyse the latter without prior immunological sensitization — hence the name “natural killer” cell (Trinchieri, 1989). It was determined that the NK cells recognize target cells because the latter are deficient in, or lack, the expression of host major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecules (Karre et al., 1986).
Suicide and Hispanic Americans

Suicide and suicide related behavior represent one of the most intriguing and important subjects in the field of psychiatry. Despite the fact that suicide is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, this type of behavior is still little understood by most mental health practitioners. Further, if one tries to explore the parameters of suicide behavior along ethnic lines, the data which currently exists in the medical literature is found to be not only scarce, but offering very little insofar as the understanding of its determinants is concerned. In this study, we decided to review the subject of suicide behavior from an ethno-cultural point of view, thus attempting to shed some light on this complex issue, as well as stimulating further research in this subject. Within this context, we will proceed with reviewing some aspects of the suicide behavior among Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans. It should, however, be well understood that while Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans are good examples of the Hispanic ethnic subgroup, one must not generalize and apply concepts pertaining to them to the entire Hispanic population. Nevertheless, some commonalities do exist among all Hispanic ethnic subgroups, and thus, some applicability could be found from the data discussed here which could be used with the entire Hispanic population.
What drives members of an interprofessional care team: A sense of self

Abstract Background/purpose The purpose of this study is to identify what motivates practitioners who provide integrated, interprofessional, team-based care for triply-diagnosed adolescents: mental illness, medical illness and an appetitive drive disorder. Method Using rigorous qualitative methods, one author interviewed team members of the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Integrated Care Collaborative Unit. The semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) methodology to determine key themes and domains. An interpretive analysis of the domains suggested an explanatory structure for the conceptualization of a collaborative team model focused on individual members’ motivations. Results/discussion Self-actualization, working in a team and a sense of altruism were the three domains identified as important motivators for collaborative integrated care. Individual personal meaning appears to be tied to motives associated with achieving positive perceptions from other team members and patients as well as self-fulfillment at the highest level of human need. Conclusions Key factors influencing individual team members contribute to an integrated healthcare collaborative model in a manner not previously elaborated. The findings of this study offer insight into an alternative, innovative best-practice care model that considers team members’ personal motivational attributes as a framework for team member selection, team structure and workplace environment.
Integrated FMECA for AGILE Diagnostics and Prognostics Development

This paper discusses an improved business method for leveraging Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) with complimentary Built-In-Test Effectiveness (BEA) and Sneak Circuit Analysis (SCA) that are collectively known as Integrated FMECA to assure dependable system design in an Agile development environment. The transformation of the project Reliability/Maintainability (R/M) engineer/analyst's role is described and how it is being influenced by the confluence of Agile with modular open architecture design principles. These design approaches provide for affordable requirement changes during product development, while enabling the evolutionary acquisition, rapid prototyping and fielding of interoperable systems. The Integrated FMECA analyst role of identifier, quantifier, and mitigator of design risks/anomalous system behavior and independent Fault Detection / Isolation design verifier remains. However there are increased expectations to grow and assume the subject matter expert responsibilities of a Diagnostics and Prognostics System Architecture /
Mainstreaming health and wellness: The RHWP Innovation model to complement primary care.

PROBLEM STATEMENT Multiple chronic conditions combined with the complex social needs of individuals and families often create unattainable goals of efficient and effective holistic care within primary care settings. There is a recognized need for new approaches to address the intersection of the role of social determinants of health and the resulting impact on health care utilization and outcomes as an approach to enhancing value-based care. Model description: This paper describes an innovative health and wellness model that complements the essential work of primary care providers (PCPs), as an adjunct to care delivery. The wellness program helps meet unrealistic expectations placed on providers to cover a full range of holistic services while reducing the burden on under- or uninsured patients to seek timely care. The model describes an academic-community based partnership that integrates student learning into the delivery of a wellness program provided on-site to adults residing in apartment buildings designated for low-income and disabled adults. The innovation described is a health and wellness model that complements the demands placed on primary care clinics.
Health and demographic discriminators of an insomnia identity and self-reported poor quantitative sleep.

Abstract Objectives To identify factors that most saliently characterize the profile of individuals who complain of chronic insomnia, with or without quantitative sleep impairment. Design Community-dwelling adults reported on their demographics and functioning via questionnaires and completed 2 weeks of sleep diaries. Setting Shelby County in the Memphis, TN, area. Participants Population-based sample, stratified by sex and age to maximally represent sleep and health across the life span. Measurements Participants were classified into 4 groups according to whether or not they endorsed a chronic insomnia complaint and whether they demonstrated good or poor quantitative sleep on diaries. Discriminant analysis determined which of the following variables significantly maximized spread among the sleep groups: age, sex, race, body mass index, household education, number of medications, frequency of substance use, number of medical conditions, depression, anxiety, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and daytime insomnia impact. Results On the most powerful discriminant function, participants with more medical conditions, greater depression and anxiety, and older age were more likely to complain of chronic insomnia than to not complain and, within these levels, to have poor rather than good quantitative sleep. A second function found African Americans particularly likely to be noncomplaining poor sleepers compared to Whites. Conclusions Findings make progress in clarifying the profile of individuals who self-identify as having chronically poor sleep. Notably, general depression and anxiety surpassed sleep-related daytime impairment measures in discriminating complaining sleepers. Negativistic self-appraisals driving diffuse psychological symptoms may thus be viable intervention targets for reducing persistent insomnia complaints independently of sleep-specific concerns.
Structural Comparison of Iron Tetrapolyvanadate Fe2V4013 and Iron Polyvanadomolybdate Fe2V3.16Mo0.84O13.42: A New Substitution Mechanism of MoIybdenum(VI) for Vanadium(V)

Single crystals of the iron tetrapolyvanadate Fe(2)V(4)O(13) and the iron polyvanadomolybdate Fe(2)V(3.16)Mo(0.84)O(13.42) were grown from Fe(2)O(3)/V(2)O(5) and Fe(2)O(3)/V(2)O(5)/MoO(3) melts, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the two structures are closely related. Both contained isolated Fe(2)O(10) octahedral dimers with similar orientations. The unusual U-shaped V(4)O(13)(6)(-) clusters in Fe(2)V(4)O(13) were ordered while the U-shaped [V(3.16)Mo(0.84)O(13.42)](6)(-) clusters in Fe(2)V(3.16)Mo(0.84)O(13.42) were disordered. The substitution of molybdenum(VI) for vanadium(V) revealed a new substitution mechanism, in which a corresponding stoichiometric amount of oxygen was brought into the structure for charge balance with no reduction of the V(5+) and Mo(6+) ions. Crystal data: for Fe(2)V(4)O(13), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), with a = 8.300(2) A, b =9.404(6) A, c = 14.560(2) A, beta = 102.08(1) degrees, and Z = 4; for Fe(2)V(3.16)Mo(0.84)O(13.42), monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), with a = 7.678(1) A, b = 9.456(2) A, c = 8.336(2) A, beta = 109.50(2) degrees, and Z = 2.
ADAPT- The Approach to Accessible and Affordable Housing Solutions for People with Disability and Aging in Place.

Studies conducted by US federal and state government agencies, NGOs, and advocates for independent living attest to the need for accessible housing for people with significant disabilities and for those aging in place. According to AARP, by 2030 more than 20% of the population of the United States will be age 65 or older and 87% of adults age 65+ want to stay in their current home and community as they age. Unfortunately, staying in home to many people with mobility or physical impairment presents both logistical and financial challenges. In 2017, Auburn University’s College of Architecture, Design and Construction (CADC) proposed to collaborate with HUD in the development of housing solutions for people with disabilities and those seeking to age in place and was granted a 3-year project from the federal government. This paper will illustrate the team’s approach to comprehensive housing solutions that are both accessible and affordable for people with disability and aging in place.
Management of male breast cancer.

Male breast cancer afflicts about 900 men a year in the U.S., of whom 300 die of their disease. General recommendations for treatment are similar to those for females: All patients with positive nodes and selected node-negative patients considered at high risk for recurrence are advised to have systemic therapy. Tamoxifen is often recommended because the majority of male breast cancers are estrogen and progesterone-receptor positive. No significant experience has been reported with primary radiation therapy to date.
Charles Holston Williams: Hamptonian Loyalist and Champion of Racial Uplift through Physical Education, Dance, Recreation, and Sport

AbstractCharles Holston Williams, a long-time faculty member at Hampton Institute, the historically black college and university founded by the American Missionary Association that trained both Afr...
cGAS, a DNA Sensor, Promotes Inflammatory Responses in Huntington Disease

The genetic cause of Huntington disease (HD) is attributed to the N-terminal polyglutamine expansion of huntingtin (mHTT). mHTT, which is a ubiquitously expressed protein, induces noticeable damage to the striatum, which affects motor, psychiatric, and cognitive functions in HD individuals. Although inflammatory responses apparently precede striatal damage and an overall progression of HD, the molecular mechanisms at work remain unclear ([1][1]-[6][2]). In this study, we found that cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a DNA sensor, which regulates inflammation, autophagy, and cellular senescence ([7][3]-[9][4]), plays a critical role in the inflammatory responses of HD. Ribosome profiling analysis reveals that cGAS mRNA has a high ribosome occupancy at exon 1 and codon-specific pauses at positions 171 (CCG) and 172 (CGT) in HD cells, compared to the control, indicating an altered cGAS expression. Accordingly, cGAS protein levels and activity, as measured by phosphorylation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) or TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), are increased in HD striatal cells, mouse Q175HD striatum and human postmortem HD striatum, compared to the healthy control. Furthermore, cGAS-dependent inflammatory genes such as Cxcl10 and Ccl5 show enhanced ribosome occupancy at exon 3 and exon 1, respectively and are upregulated in HD cells. Depletion of cGAS via CRISPR/Cas-9 diminishes cGAS activity and decreases expression of inflammatory genes while suppressing the autophagy upregulation in HD cells. We additionally detected the presence of numerous micronuclei, a known inducer of cGAS, in the cytoplasm of HD cells. Overall, the data indicates that cGAS is highly upregulated in HD and mediates inflammatory and autophagy responses. Thus, targeting cGAS may offer therapeutic benefits in HD. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-6 [3]: #ref-7 [4]: #ref-9
Proper and Smooth Orthogonal Decompositions for Detection of Inner Race Defects in Rolling Element Bearings with Variable Rotational Speeds

Rolling element bearings represent one of the prominent sources of nonlinearity in rotating systems, which makes fault diagnostics one of the most challenging tasks. This paper presents the application of proper and smooth orthogonal decomposition methods as feature extraction techniques for rolling bearing diagnostics under variable operating conditions. Multiple operation configurations are investigated using proper and smooth orthogonal-based features in order to characterize bearings with inner race defects. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques for optimal detection of inner race defects under variable rotational speeds.
12-Year longitudinal study linking within-person changes in work and family transitions and workplace injury risk.

Abstract Introduction: Despite the rich tradition of research on predictors of workplace injury, most studies rely on cross-sectional, between-person designs. Furthermore, prior research has often overlooked the possibility that factors outside the work domain can influence the occurrence of actual injuries at work. To address these limitations, the current study examined the effects of work and family demands on the occurrence of workplace injury. Drawing on the intuition of the work-home resources model (W-HR), we investigated how within-person level changes in demands and resources from both domains influence work injuries over a 12-year period. Method: We used 12 years of longitudinal data (N = 7,820) to study the long-term within-person changes in work and family domains and to capture the event of low frequency incidence such as workplace injury. Specifically, we conducted multilevel analyses to study the links between within-person change in time and energy resources both in work and family domains and within-person change in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. Results and conclusion: The findings showed that within-person changes in work hours, spousal work hours, income and number of children, were significantly associated with changes in the likelihood of experiencing a workplace injury. We conclude with a discussion of implications for theory and future research of workplace injuries. Practical application: The research provided useful insights on the intimate association between work and family domains in the context of safety management.
Evaluation of Fall and Fracture Risk Among Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance A high incidence of fall and fracture in a subset of patients treated with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) has been reported, although the relative risk (RR) of fall and fracture for patients who receive ARI treatment is unknown. Objective To evaluate whether treatment with ARIs is associated with an elevated relative risk for fall and fracture in patients with prostate cancer. Data Sources Cochrane, Scopus, and MedlinePlus databases were searched from inception through August 2019. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials comparing patients with prostate cancer treated with any ARI or placebo were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two independent reviewers used a standardized data extraction and quality assessment form. A mixed effects model was used to estimate the effects of ARI on relative risk, with included studies treated as random effects and study groups treated as fixed effects in the pooled analysis. Sample size for each study was used to weight the mixed model. Statistical analysis was performed from August to October 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was RR of fall and fractures for patients receiving ARI treatment. Results Eleven studies met this study's inclusion criteria. The total population was 11 382 men (median [range] age: 72 [43-97] years), with 6536 in the ARI group and 4846 in the control group. Participants in the ARI group could have received enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy or other enzalutamide combinations; patients in the control group could have received placebo, bicalutamide, or abiraterone. The reported incidence of fall was 525 falls (8%) in the ARI group and 221 falls (5%) in the control group. The incidence of fracture was 242 fractures (4%) in the ARI group and 107 fractures (2%) in the control group. Use of an ARI was associated with an increased risk of falls and fractures: all-grade falls (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.42-2.24; P < .001); grade 3 or greater fall (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.27-2.08; P < .001); all-grade fracture (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.35-1.89; P < .001), and likely grade 3 or greater fracture (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.12-2.63; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance Use of ARI was associated with an increase in falls and fractures in patients with prostate cancer as assessed by a retrospective systematic review and meta-analysis. Further studies are warranted to identify and understand potential mechanisms and develop strategies to decrease falls and fractures associated with ARI use.
Efficient global register allocation

In a compiler, an essential component is the register allocator. Two main algorithms have dominated implementations, graph coloring and linear scan, differing in how live values are modeled. Graph coloring uses an edge in an `interference graph' to show that two values cannot reside in the same register. Linear scan numbers all values, creates intervals between definition and uses, and then intervals that do not overlap may be allocated to the same register. For both algorithms the liveness models are computed at considerable runtime and memory cost. Furthermore, these algorithms do little to improve code quality, where the target architecture and register coalescing are important concerns. We describe a new register allocation algorithm with lightweight implementation characteristics. The algorithm introduces a `future-active' set for values that will reside in a register later in the allocation. Registers are allocated and freed in the manner of linear scan, although other ordering heuristics could improve code quality or lower runtime cost. An advantageous property of the approach is an ability to make these trade-offs. A key result is the `future-active' set can remove any liveness model for over 90% of instructions and 80% of methods. The major contribution is the allocation algorithm that, for example, solves an inability of the similarly motivated Treescan register allocator to look ahead of the instruction being allocated - allowing an unconstrained allocation order, and an ability to better handle fixed registers and loop carried values. The approach also is not reliant on properties of SSA form, similar to the original linear scan work. An analysis is presented in a production compiler for Java code compiled through SSA form to Android dex files.
Immigration and Crime in the Local News: Exploring the Macrolevel Covariates of Coverage and Framing

Contrary to empirical evidence, immigration is seen as increasing rates of crime among the public. However, most people draw from secondary sources—including local news media—to form such opinions....
Rethinking Social Change and Development Communication in Africa

Communication that speeds up development and social change in Africa has been the preoccupation of many groups in Africa, especially communication scholars, media practitioners, policy makers, and concerned citizens, who are perplexed by the apparent slow rate of agricultural, economic, and industrial development. The earliest interest started with the pioneer communication researchers in American universities, who laid the foundation, which the African Council for Communication (ACCE) built upon with its various programs of training, research, and publications. Although ACCE suffered a devastating blow in the withdrawal of support from its international partners, as a result of the end of the Cold War, development and social change communication has continued to be one of the most attractive subjects of study in African universities. The relationship among development, innovation, and social change is not linear but complicated, as they can result from, and also reinforce each other. Ostensibly successful in its various programs of research, training, and publishing the Africa Media Review and multiple books on communication, however, ACCE failed in galvanizing broad interests in promoting an African perspective on communication, development communication, and social change communication. The current generation of communication scholars in Africa shall learn to be more strategic in envisioning the future and be more determined to project an authentically African framework or paradigm for communication generally, and for development and social change communication, in particular. Africa, with its current population of 1.33 billion people, must address its development challenges with progressive, innovative, and modernization ideas and practices.
Segmentation-based Feature Extraction for Cryo-Electron Microscopy at Medium Resolution

Cryo-Electron Microscopy is a biophysics technique that produces volume images for a given molecule. It can visualize large molecules and protein complexes. At high resolution,
Testimony and meaning: A qualitative study of Black women with cancer diagnoses.

Objective Research has established religion and spirituality as important resources for Black people in the U.S. coping with adversity. Most research has been from an etic perspective, examining religious variables that are valid across multiple religions. In the present study, we asked what emic aspects of the Black church's practices and theological emphases women with cancer drew on in constructing meaning-making narratives from their cancer experience. Method In this consensual qualitative research study, we interviewed 30 Black women with cancer histories with an average age of 64.5. Results The religious practice of testimony emerged as the predominant theme. Testimony (a) provided a meaningful purpose to the cancer experience; (b) had a specific content of describing what God had done in their lives as well as some common theological emphases; (c) had dual desired outcomes of helping others and bringing glory to God; and (d) had an associated practice of giving testimony. Conclusion We discuss testimony as a narrative structure and highlight its importance in informing culturally sensitive interventions aimed at supporting Black women with cancer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Concept Mapping: An Andragogy Suited for Facilitating Education of the Adult Millennial Learner

Novak and Canas define a concept map as “a graphical tool for organizing and representing knowledge”. To better understand this definition, let’s review some key terms. A concept is a “perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label”. Concepts are usually (but not always) represented as single words contained within circles, squares, or other geometric shapes. Each concept is connected (linked) to other concepts, using words or phrases (linking words) on a line, to form propositions. Novak et al. describe propositions as “statements about some object or event in the universe, either naturally occurring or constructed”. Properly constructed propositions contain two or more concepts connected with lines and linking words or phrases to form meaningful statements and units of knowledge. These links may be unidirectional or bi-directional. How one formulates propositions establishes a hierarchy to the concepts within a concept map. Links between concepts in the same concept map but in geographically diverse locations are known as cross-links [1].
On the Optimization of Derivative-Based Receivers for Molecular Communications

Inter-symbol interference (ISI) due to random molecule propagation challenges achieving high data-rate diffusion-based molecular communication (DBMC) systems. Recently, pre-processing the received signal by higher order derivatives has shown to provide an aggressive right tail suppression of the channel impulse response resulting in efficient ISI mitigation, and enabling the achievement of an order of magnitude increase in data rate while preserving reliability. However, the gains of derivative-based DBMC receivers are heavily dependent on the proper selection of the derivative order. In order to further improve the efficacy of derivative-based DBMC receivers, detector design and derivative order optimization is addressed in this study. Herein, the well-known fixed sample, fixed threshold detector (FSTD) detector is generalized to work with the derivative operator. For the derivative operator-FSTD pair, a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio-like (SINR) cost function is introduced to optimize the derivative order. Numerical results confirm the accuracy of the SINR in derivative order optimization, and the efficacy of the derivative-aided FSTD strategy in terms of error performance.
NORADRENERGIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF CHRONIC S-ADENYOSYL-METHIONINE IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

S-Adenosyl-Methionine (SAMe), the universal methyl donor in methylation reactions, has been extensively studied over the past twenty Years in a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions (Agnoli et al., 1976; Fazio et al., 1974; Carney et al., 1983). Following early case reports indicating that SAMe might have a mood-elevating effect, studies were conducted in Italy (Agnoli et al., 1976; Del Vecchio et al., 1978; Miccoli et al., 1978; Muscettola et al., 1982; Salvadorini et al., 1980), Germany (Kufferle et al., 1982) and in the United States (Lipinski et al., 1984); these provide evidence that parenterally administered SAMe can produce clinical improvement in depressed patients. In comparison to standard antidepressants, SAMe is claimed to be as effective as the tricyclics while producing fewer side effects.
The fetal mouse heart in organ culture: maintenance of the differentiated state.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the fetal mouse heart in organ culture. Myocardial metabolism, structure, and function have been studied in many in vitro preparations, including isolated perfused hearts, papillary muscle strips, and heart cells in monolayer culture. Some of the morphological, functional, and biochemical measurements that have been made on hearts weighing only 2–5 mg are presented. The nature of the atrial–ventricular activation sequence and frequency of contraction of cultured hearts can be identified simply by visual inspection using a light microscope. The results suggest that different classes of proteins accumulate at different rates during development. The specific activity of MM-CPK that increases more than two orders of magnitude during the last trimester of development emphasizes the dynamic nature of developing tissue and thus the need for designing experimental protocols using hearts of the same size. Deprivation of oxygen and glucose for periods longer than 3 hours resulted in substantial irreversible injury. Such long-term deprivation resulted in 75% reduction in total purine nucleotide content and 40% loss of purine nucleosides and bases from hearts into the culture medium.
Screening of possibly incompetent agents

Abstract Accepting a contract with a high performance sensitivity is normally interpreted as a signal of high ability. However, a high self-assessment may be an incompetent forecast by an incompetent worker. In a model where optimistic agents have low ability, a low performance sensitivity screens out the incompetent agents. However, when agents are wealthy enough, the principal prefers to select the incompetent agent who covers the downside (as in a vanity press).
A linear dominance hierarchy among clones in chimeras of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

Amoebae from different clones of Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate into a common slug, which migrates towards light for dispersal, then forms a fruiting body consisting of a somatic, dead stalk, holding up a head of living spores. Contributions of two clones in a chimera to spore and stalk are often unequal, with one clone taking advantage of the other's stalk contribution. To determine whether there was a hierarchy of exploitation among clones, we competed all possible pairs among seven clones and measured their relative representation in the prespore and prestalk stages and in the final spore stage. We found a clear linear hierarchy at the final spore stage, but not at earlier stages. These results suggest that there is either a single principal mechanism or additive effects for differential contribution to the spore, and that it involves more than spore/stalk competition.
Wimp-like stellar models and the subgiant branch

WIMP-like isothermal cores in stellar models not only result in reduced main-sequence lifetimes but also lead to such models spending a greater time than conventional models on the subgiant branch. Consequently, if WIMPs are effective in central energy transport, more stars should be seen than conventionally expected in this phase of evolution. While full luminosity functions have yet to be obtained, estimates may be made for two simple bases of comparison, by reference to conventional expectations normalized to red giant branch or main-sequence number densities. Two classical clusters, M3 and M92, appear to have anomalous excesses in their subgiant branches of an order that WIMP-like models can produce. Work needed to verify these preliminary results is indicated.
Analytical and experimental investigation of thermal and helium lift-pumping recirculation systems.

Geysering is a process by which rapid vapor formation within liquid-filled vertical columns causes rapid expulsion of all or portions of the contained liquid into an overhead container. Geysering associated with space vehicle cryogenic systems is attributed to heat flow into a cryogenic suction line which is attached to a propellant tank of greater diameter. Restricted convective boundary layers in the line allow the liquid to reach local saturation temperature. Formation of vapor in the suction line causes liquid displacement into the larger diameter tank, thereby reducing the effective hydrostatic head. Reduction of hydrostatic head causes additional vapor generation which rapidly displaces more liquid into the tank. Whenever liquid refills the suction line after a geyser, detrimental pressure surge or “water hammer” frequently occurs.
The Jamesian Appeal of Scheler's Felt Metaphysics

I attempt to solve a problematic feature of Scheler's intentional feeling. Spiritual feelings are disembodied and elements of William James's pragmatism offer a way to make elements of Scheler's phenomenology more concrete than Scheler's phenomenology allows. I then further develop this insight since contact between both Scheler and James opens up possible trajectories and affinities that, in the end, reveal both thinkers share an affective underpinning to their respective metaphysics. In both thinkers, reality is given as felt. As such, this underpinning becomes a basis for interpreting Scheler's later metaphysics through Jamesian pragmatism.
Foundations of integrated risk management

This paper concentrates on broadening the concept of risk management beyond the considerations of cost, schedule and performance. The author uses his experience with NASA to provide both a foundation for an integrated risk management plan and a tentative plan. The plan integrates risk across both the temporal and the hierarchical dimensions.
Assessment of the relationships among coagulopathy, hyperfibrinolysis, plasma lactate, and protein C in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum

Objective To relate coagulation and fibrinolysis derangements to shock severity as reflected by plasma lactate concentrations in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SHP) and determine the impact on transfusions. Design Prospective, observational, case-control study. Setting Three veterinary teaching hospitals. Animals Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with SHP and 28 breed- and age-matched control dogs. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Blood samples for platelet counts, coagulation, and anticoagulant assays (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin, and protein C, thromboelastography [TEG]), fibrinolysis testing (d-dimer and TEG lysis parameters with and without the addition of 50 U/mL of tissue plasminogen activator [TEG LY30 measured with the addition of 50 U/mL of tPA to the blood sample, LY3050 and TEG LY60 measured with the addition of 50 U/mL of tPA to the blood sample, LY6050; LY30 and LY60]), and plasma lactate as an indicator of severity of shock were collected from SHP dogs at the time of diagnosis. SHP dogs were hypocoagulable (prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased TEG maximum amplitude) and hyperfibrinolytic (increased LY3050 and TEG LY6050) compared to controls. The severity of hypocoagulability was related to protein C activity, while the severity of hyperfibrinolysis was related to plasma lactate concentration. Among the 18 dogs discharged from the hospital, LY3050 was significantly associated with the dose of fresh frozen plasma administered, but none of the parameters were associated with the dose of red blood cells administered. Conclusions Dogs with SHP have evidence of hypocoagulability, protein C deficiency, and hyperfibrinolysis. Parameters of hyperfibrinolysis were related to plasma lactate concentrations and volume of plasma transfused during hospitalization. These derangements resemble those found in people with acute coagulopathy of trauma and shock, and activation of protein C may be a common feature to both syndromes.
Design of an Ion Source for 3He Fusion in a Low Pressure IEC Device

Recent developments in helicon ion sources and Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) device performance at UW-Madison have enabled low pressure ( 300 mA recirculating ion currents.
Trauma, Grief and the Social Model: Practice Guidelines for Working with Adults with Intellectual Disabilities in the Wake of Disasters

Formulating personal needs assessments and plans for self-protection have been the recent focus of disaster preparedness manuals for individuals with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers. Interventions to address the minimization of psychological ill effects of trauma and grief in the aftermath of disasters for this population, however, remain largely unexplored. In the wake of such events, persons with intellectual disabilities require trained mental health professionals to assist them in identifying and coping with trauma exposure and its associated, often sudden losses. Intervention should be based on the unique needs of this population within the context of disaster and each individual's cognitive strengths and capacities. Coupled with reviews of research and practice in the area of disaster mental health, the social model of disability served as a foundation for the formulation of best practice guidelines for tertiary interventions with adults with intellectual disabilities. The guidelines suggest approaches that will enable professionals to identify and minimize acute and chronic responses to disasters as well as foster resilience and enhance the valuable contributions of adults with intellectual disabilities in disaster-affected communities.
In vivo regulation of the activity of the two promoters of the rat acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase gene.

The acetyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACC) gene contains two promoters: promoter I (PI) and promoter II (PII). Depending upon which promoter is active, two classes of ACC mRNA are formed. The physiological significance of the presence of two promoters in the gene is not clear at this time. However, this question can be indirectly approached by examination of their expression patterns under different physiological conditions. We have examined the activities of these two promoters under different physiological conditions by means of primer extension analysis. Under normal conditions, the Wistar rat, fed standard chow ad libitum, expresses only basal levels of PI in white adipose tissue and PII in the liver. Starvation leads to the virtual disappearance of transcriptional products from these promoters. When fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by refeeding a fat-free diet to starved rats, both PI and PII are activated in the liver; however, in white adipose tissue, only PI, not PII, is responsive to this nutritio...
METABOLIC STUDIES OF TRANSIENT TYROSINEMIA AND LATE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

METABOLIC STUDIES OF TRANSIENT TYROSINEMIA AND LATE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS