cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Inertia: Information Technology and Education in the United States

This could be a golden age for technology in K–12 education. New pedagogies that emphasize communication, collaboration, and critical thinking are a natural fit; most teachers and students are comfortable with technology; and devices have become more affordable and accessible. Change is coming but is slowed by an insufficient awareness of what can benefit students and teachers, technology developer priorities, and institutional inertia.
Radome Effects on Coherent Change Detection Radar Systems

A radome, or radar dome, protects a radar system from exposure to the elements. Unfortunately, radomes can affect the radiation pattern of the enclosed antenna. The co-design of a platform’s radome and radar is ideal to mitigate any deleterious effects of the radome. However, maintaining structural integrity and other platform flight requirements, particularly when integrating a new radar onto an existing platform, often limits radome electrical design choices. Radars that rely heavily on phase measurements such as monopulse, interferometric, or coherent change detection (CCD) systems require particular attention be paid to components, such as the radome, that might introduce loss and phase variations as a function of the antenna scan angle. Material properties, radome wall construction, overall dimensions, and shape characteristics of a radome can impact insertion loss and phase delay, antenna beamwidth and sidelobe level, polarization, and ultimately the impulse response of the radar, among other things, over the desired radar operating parameters. The precision-guided munitions literature has analyzed radome effects on monopulse systems for well over half a century. However, to the best of our knowledge, radome-induced errors on CCD performance have not been described. The impact of radome material and wall construction, shape, dimensions, and antenna characteristics on CCD is examined herein for select radar and radome examples using electromagnetic simulations.
Is There a System of Precedent in Investment Treaty Arbitration

Address to the U.S. Council on International Business Young Arbitrators Forum (Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York), October 24, 2006.
Persistent vestibular-ocular impairment following concussion in adolescents.

Abstract Objectives The current study investigated the role of persistent vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment following sport-related concussion on recovery time and clinical outcomes among adolescents. Design Prospective cohort. Methods 50 (F-22/M-28) adolescents aged 12–20 years completed a vestibular-ocular motor screening, neurocognitive assessment, and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at clinical assessments conducted at 0–10 and 11–21 days after concussion. Participants were assigned to: 1) persistent vestibular-ocular (PERSIST), 2) vestibular-ocular improvement (IMPROVE), or 3) no vestibular-ocular impairment (NONE) groups based on vestibular-ocular motor screening conducted during each assessment. A 3 (GROUP) X 2 (TIME) ANOVA was performed on neurocognitive and symptom scores, and a between-subjects ANOVA was performed for recovery time. Results 49 subjects were identified among the PERSIST (n = 17), IMPROVE (n = 12) and NONE (n = 20) groups. There were no neurocognitive performance differences between groups at 0–10 days post-concussion, but groups differed on PCSS at 11–21 days (p = .001), with the PERSIST (29.0 ± 24.9) group reporting higher symptoms than the NONE (5.45 ± 10.0; p = .005) group. The PERSIST group took significantly longer to recover (34.9±11.6 days) than the NONE (22.9 ± 14.9 days) group (p = .03). All groups improved on verbal (p Conclusions Persistent post-concussion vestibular-ocular symptoms and impairment may influence neurocognitive performance and clinical recovery following sport-related concussion.
El imaginario de Estados Unidos en dos libros de viajes de Julián Marías y Josep Pla de los años cincuenta

En este articulo se analizan los libros de viajes Los Estados Unidos en escorzo (1956), de Julian Marias y Viaje a America (1960), de Josep Pla, teniendo en cuenta la tradicion de literatura de via...
Infidelity: Why Men and Women Cheat

Infidelity: Why Men and Women Cheat is a popular psychology book written for heterosexual couples hoping to recover from infidelity. The book looks at infidelity through the prism of neuroscience a...
Youth with Co-occurring Delinquency and Depressive Symptoms: Do They Have Better or Worse Delinquent Outcomes?

Delinquent youth often experience depression, but depression’s impact on their future deviance is unclear. Using survey and social network data on a panel of 9th graders (N = 8701; Mage at baseline = 15.6; 48% male; 85% white; 18% eligible for free or reduced-price school lunch) followed throughout high school, this study tested whether depressive symptoms predicted later deviance or deviant peer affiliations among already delinquent youth. A latent class analysis revealed that 4% of respondents showed above-average levels of delinquency but not depressive symptoms, and 3% were above average on both. Compared to the delinquent-only group, the delinquent-depressed group went on to have less deviant friends, and to engage in less deviance themselves. However, peer deviance was not a reliable explanation for the reductions in respondents’ own future deviance. Depressive symptoms thus may play a protective role against continued delinquency and substance use among youth who are already delinquent, but it is not because they reduce deviant peer affiliations.
A 112 Gb/s All-Silicon Micro-Ring Photodetector for Datacom Applications

We demonstrate an all-silicon micro-ring resonant photodetector with a responsivity of 0.23 A/W and dark current <100nA capable of detecting 112 Gb/s PAM4 signal with an eye closure penalty of <1.0 dB.
Neurologists and COVID-19: A note on courage in a time of uncertainty.

Neurologists are used to uncertainty—diagnoses are frequently challenging, too often there are limited treatment options, and unpredictable prognoses are our bread and butter. When colleagues struggle to communicate bad news, they regularly turn to us. We practice staying steady and calm amidst our patients' fears, confusion, suffering, and anxiety. We listen, perform detailed examinations, and do our best to provide helpful insights. This emphasis on listening and thoughtful problem solving is the core of our art and should be front and center as we partner with colleagues to face an unprecedented set of challenges related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Usability of Wearable Devices to Remotely Monitor Sleep Patterns Among Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: Observational Study

Background: There is growing interest in using wearable devices to remotely monitor patient behaviors. However, there has been little evaluation of how often these technologies are used to monitor sleep patterns over longer term periods, particularly among more high-risk patients. Objective: The goal of the research was to evaluate the proportion of time that patients with ischemic heart disease used wearable devices to monitor their sleep and identify differences in characteristics of patients with higher versus lower use. Methods: We evaluated wearable device data from a previously conducted clinical trial testing the use of wearable devices with personalized goal-setting and financial incentives. Patients with ischemic heart disease established a sleep baseline and were then followed for 24 weeks. The proportion of days that sleep data was collected was compared over the 24 weeks and by study arm. Characteristics of patients were compared to groups with high, low, or no sleep data. Results: The sample comprised 99 patients with ischemic heart disease, among which 79% (78/99) used the wearable device to track their sleep. During the 6-month trial, sleep data were collected on 60% (10,024/16,632) of patient-days. These rates declined over time from 77% (4292/5544) in months 1 and 2 to 58% (3188/5544) in months 3 and 4 to 46% (2544/5544) in months 5 and 6. Sleep data were collected at higher rates among the intervention group compared with control (67% vs 55%, P<.001). In the main intervention period (months 3 and 4), patients with higher rates of sleep data were on average older (P=.03), had a history of smoking (P=.007), and had higher rates of commercial health insurance (P=.03). Conclusions: Among patients with ischemic heart disease in a physical activity trial, a high proportion used wearable devices to track their sleep; however, rates declined over time. Future research should consider larger evaluations coupled with behavioral interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02531022; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02531022
Electrical Conduction Mechanisms in Greeen River Oil Shale

Abstract The enthalpies of dissolution of anhydrous and hydrated uranyl formates, formic acid and hexahydrated uranyl nitrate in nitric acid at different concentrations have been measured and the following enthalpies of formation have been determined
A 128-Channel Diamond Quantum Memory Array Integrated in a Microphotonic Chip

We experimentally demonstrate the integration of 128 waveguide-coupled diamond spin qubits with aluminum nitride photonics. This large-scale, tunable, efficient and optically coherent multi-qubit platform sets the stage for high-rate entanglement distribution in a large quantum network.
Computer Vision Approaches for Segmentation of Nanoscale Precipitates in Nickel-Based Superalloy IN718

Extracting accurate volume fraction and size measurements of γ″ and γ′ precipitates in iron-based superalloys from micrographs is challenging and conventionally involves manual image processing due to their smaller size, and similar crystal structures and chemistries. The co-precipitation of composite particles further complicates automated segmentation. In this work, different types of traditional machine learning approaches and a convolutional neural network (CNN) were compared to a non-machine learning approach, for the segmentation of the composite particles of γ″ and γ′ precipitates. The objective was to optimize metrics of segmentation accuracy and the required computational resources. The data set contains 47 experimentally generated scanning electron micrographs of IN718 alloy samples, computationally increased to 188 images (900 × 900 px). All algorithms are containerized using singularity, publicly available, and can be modified without dependencies. The CNN and the random forest models achieve 95% and 94% accuracy, respectively, on the test images with better computational efficiency than the non-machine learning algorithm. The CNN tested accurately over a range of imaging conditions.
Evidence that perinatal ovarian hormones promote women’s sexual attraction to men

Abstract Ovarian estrogens may influence the development of the human brain and behavior, but there are few opportunities to test this possibility. Isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) is a rare endocrine disorder that could provide evidence for the role of estrogens in organizing sexually differentiated phenotypes: Unlike typical development, development in individuals with IGD is characterized by low or absent gonadal hormone production after the first trimester of gestation. Because external genitalia develop in the first trimester, external appearance is nevertheless concordant with gonadal sex in people with IGD. We therefore investigated the effects of gonadal hormones on sexual orientation by comparing participants with IGD (n = 97) to controls (n = 1670). Women with IGD reported lower male-attraction compared with typically developing women. In contrast, no consistent sexuality differences between IGD and typically developing men were evident. Ovarian hormones after the first trimester appear to influence female-typical dimensions of sexual orientation.
Association between Native Language and Adherence to the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in the Older Adult in Peru

Objectives: To establish whether there is an association between adherence to treatment and the patient's language.Design: The article presents an analytical cross-sectional design.Data Sources: The study used the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) in 33,760 homes throughout Peru, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). Due to the nature of our population, a sample size calculation was performed using the frequency of the expected outcome.Review Methods: A bibliography search was carried out in PUBMED, GoogleSchoolar, and Redalyc.Results: In the regression analysis, we observed that in the crude model the risk of having non-adherence to treatment in people with a native mother tongue was 1.607, the risk of older adults with a mother tongue Spanish. Regarding the model adjusted by the epidemiological model, the prevalence of risk was 1.60; this association was shown to be statistically significant.Conclusion: If the patient presents a language different from that of the treating physician, it is more likely that the treatment will be missed.
Modeling tillage effects on soybean growth and yield

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Modeling Tillage 2 Dissertation Organization 4 References 5 CHAPTER 2. MODinCATION OF A SOYBEAN MODEL TO IMPROVE SOIL 7 TEMPERATURE AND EMERGENCE DATE PREDICTION Abstract 7 Introduction 8 Materials and Methods 9 Results and Discussion 18 Conclusions and Recommendations 22 References 22 CHAPTER 3. INCORPORATING TILLAGE EFFECTS INTO A SOYBEAN MODEL 33 Abstract 33 Introduction 33 Procedures 34 Results and Discussion 42 Conclusions and Recommendations 46 References 47 CHAPTER 4. TESTING A TILLAGE MODEL IN NORTHEAST IOWA 64 Abstract 64 Introduction 64 Procedures 65 Results and Discussion 69 Conclusions and Recommendations 71 References 72 CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 77 Recommendations for Future Research 78 APPENDIX A. FORTRAN SOURCE CODE FOR THE SOIL TEMPERATURE 80 COMPONENT APPENDIX B. FORTRAN SOURCE CODE FOR THE TILLAGE COMPONENT 89 APPENDIX C. TILLAGE INPUT FILE 98 APPENDIX D. CROPGRO INPUT FILES FOR THE 1997 TILLAGE STUDY
Microstructural Features of Teleost Otoliths

We have examined the macro- and microstructural features of teleost otoliths using light and scanning electron microscopy. There is a wide range in otolith morphology within the teleosts with little apparent relationship between otolith size and structure and the biology of the species. Once otolith formation began, the microstructural features, which include the crystals, organic matrix, incremental zone and the associated discontinuous zone of sagittal otoliths, were similar. Increments were dbserved to begin formation at different times in different species. Examples of such features from freshwater, brackish water, and marine species; active and passive species; egg layers and live bearers; and benthic and pelagic species are shown. The otolith appears to be a permanent physiological record of the fish and applications of the information it contains will be discussed.
Transforming Legal Education in Japan and Korea

Looking back to the 1980s, the image of Japan, Korea and the other Asian “Tigers” was very different than it was today. The Japanese economy was soon going to surpass that of the United States, and Japanese companies were buying Pebble Beach, Rockefeller Center and other trophy properties. Popular books warned of the Japanese threat and counseled Americans on how to cope with “Japan as Number One.” Other Asian countries were close behind. East Asia was seen to have developed an alternative model of capitalism, based on an activist “developmental state” rather than the free market orthodoxy of Anglo-American capitalism. This model was seen as exportable, perhaps even to the United States. One key feature of this model was that it seemed to be a system of capitalism without lawyers. Bar passage in Northeast Asia was notoriously low, and practicing lawyers did not play the same prominent role in business and government as they do in the United States. Prominent commentators, including Derek Bok, then-President of Harvard University, focused on the fact that there were about one twentieth the number of legal professionals in Japan per capita as in the United States, and called for us to
Postoperative Surveillance for Recurrent Malignant Disease

The goals of initial therapy for thyroid cancer are to remove or destroy all evidence of disease while minimizing treatment-related side effects and unnecessary therapies. This initial management, if successful, should result in decreasing local or distant recurrence as well as disease-specific mortality. While certainly not a new concept, the last several years have seen a renewed interest in a risk-adapted approach to the management of thyroid cancer in which the extent and intensity of initial therapy is tailored according to individualized risk estimates of recurrence and mortality. Following thyroid surgery (either total thyroidectomy or hemi-thyroidectomy), patients continue a risk-adapted approach to ongoing thyroid cancer management based on standardized clinicopathologic factors that predict the risk of recurrence and/or mortality. In this approach, the risks and benefits of potential additional therapies are balanced against the specific risks of recurrence, mortality, and response to therapy for individual patients.
Portable wireless sensors for object usage sensing in the home: challenges and practicalities

A low-cost kit of stick-on wireless sensors that transmit data indicating whenever various objects are being touched or used might aid ubiquitous computing research efforts on rapid prototyping, context-aware computing, and ultra-dense object sensing, among others. Ideally, the sensors would be small, easy-to-install, and affordable. The sensors would reliably recognize when specific objects are manipulated, despite vibrations produced by the usage of nearby objects and environmental noise. Finally, the sensors would operate continuously for several months, or longer. In this paper, we discuss the challenges and practical aspects associated with creating such "object usage" sensors. We describe the existing technologies used to recognize object usage and then present the design and evaluation of a new stick-on, wireless object usage sensor. The device uses (1) a simple classification rule tuned to differentiate real object usage from adjacent vibrations and noise in real-time based on data collected from a real home, and (2) two complimentary sensors to obtain good battery performance. Results of testing 168 of the sensors in an instrumented home for one month of normal usage are reported as well as results from a 4-hour session of a person busily cooking and cleaning in the home, where every object usage interaction was annotated and analyzed.
Mechanisms of cell death and survival in multiple myeloma (MM): Therapeutic implications

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy, remains fatal despite all available therapies. Initial treatment with conventional drugs effectively induces MM cell death/apoptosis; however, prolonged drug exposures results in the development of de novo chemoresistance. Because MM is a bone marrow (BM) cancer, the progression of disease and drug efficacy is highly influenced by the BM microenvironment. Novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors (PS-341), 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), thalidomide and its immunomodulatory derivatives (IMiDs), and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors target the MM cell in its BM microenvironment; thereby enhancing anti-MM activity as well as preventing development of drug-resistance. The transcriptional events and signaling pathways, which mediate these responses in MM cells are now being delineated, and may serve to identify novel therapeutic targets based upon interrupting MM cell growth or triggering MM cell death.
Impact on capacity to AMPS jamming CDMA/CDMA jamming AMPS in adjacent cells

The authors address the mutual interference caused by the coexistence of narrowband code division multiple access (N-CDMA) and narrowband cellular telephone technologies, i.e., advanced mobile phone system and time division multiple access (AMPS and TDMA). It is shown that when adjacent service areas are using AMPS or TDMA, a dead zone of up to two cells is required before N-CDMA can be deployed. The resulting capacity of the N-CDMA service area is lessened to an extent dependent upon the service area geometry. The dead zone can be extensive enough where the N-CDMA would yield only marginal capacity improvement over AMPS and TDMA.
Surface entropy in statistical emission of massive fragments from equilibrated nuclear systems

Statistical fragment emission from excited nuclear systems is studied within the framework of a schematic Fermi-gas model combined with Weisskopf’s detailed balance approach. The formalism considers thermal expansion of finite nuclear systems and pays special attention to the role of the diffuse surface region in the decay of hot equilibrated systems. It is found that with increasing excitation energy, effects of surface entropy lead to a systematic and significant reduction of effective emission barriers for fragments and, eventually, to the vanishing of these barriers. The formalism provides a natural explanation for the occurrence of negative nuclear heat capacities reported in the literature. It also accounts for the observed linearity of pseudo-Arrhenius plots of the logarithm of the fragment emission probability versus the inverse square-root of the excitation energy, but does not predict true Arrhenius behavior of these emission probabilities.
Ultra-thin silicon dioxide leakage current and scaling limit

Modifications are made to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling current analysis to model accurately the measured conduction characteristics of insulator layers thinner than 6 nm. The most significant is direct tunneling for which a closed-form expression is introduced. Polysilicon depletion and electron wave interference are also considered. 4 nm is found to a practical limit for SiO/sub 2/ scaling in VLSI applications due to direct tunneling leakage almost independent of power supply voltage. The convergence of the intrinsic TDDB and gate leakage criteria is established and the possibility that gate leakage will set the ultimate limit to oxide scaling at 4 nm is suggested. >
SDT a tool for complex real-time systems

SDT is an object-oriented design tool for development of real-time system using the object-oriented formal specification technique SDL. The tool contains editor, analyser, simulator, and validator, which supports design and simulation and generates complete system source code for C or C++ environments.
Stable polarization operation of 1.3 /spl mu/m-wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) fabricated by orientation-mismatched wafer bonding

We present stable polarization of a long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (LW VCSEL). The polarization control was achieved through growing its active region on a (113)B InP substrate, which was integrated to [001] GaAs-based distributed Bragg reflectors by a wafer-bonding technique. Theoretical investigation showed that to achieve high polarization stability, a large dichroism such as an anisotropic gain is needed. It was also shown that the (113)B and other planes of the (11n) family have asymmetry, which results in asymmetric stress and anisotropic optical gain in a strained multiquantum well. An index-guiding mesa structure was fabricated in an asymmetric shape. The index guiding either enhanced or distracted the polarization stability originating from gain anisotropy, depending on its orientation of the asymmetry, as was confirmed by a statistical summary. Using a VCSEL with an appropriate index-guiding structure, we performed 1-Gb/s modulation and confirmed single polarization under large-signal modulation.
Hybrid Pharmacologic and Ablative Therapy: A Novel and Effective Approach for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation

Hybrid Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation is often difficult to achieve with pharmacologic therapy. Complex catheter ablative procedures are being developed, but efficacy and safety issues remain to be clarified. We hypothesized that combined pharmacologic and simple ablative therapies in a targeted subset of patients will improve success in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: We identified 13 patients (mean age 61.5 ± 16.2 years) with atrial fibrillation who converted to electrocardiographic atrial flutter during antiarrhythmic drug treatment. Surface ECG suggested “typical” atrial flutter in 11 patients and “atypical” atrial flutter in 2. Intracardiac mapping and entrainment studies revealed 9 patients had counter-clockwise isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, and the remaining 4 had complex activation patterns, suggesting the presence of multiple wavefronts. All 9 patients with typical atrial flutter underwent successful ablation. None of the 4 patients with complex activation patterns had successful ablation. Patients were followed for recurrences of atrial arrhythmias via clinic visits, record review, and interviews. In patients who underwent successful ablation and continued on antiarrhythmic drugs, 88.9% remain in sinus rhythm after a mean follow-up of 14.3 ± 6.9 months (range 1 to 28). Conclusion: In patients who experience conversion of atrial fibrillation to atrial flutter during antiarrhythmic drug treatment, ablation and continuation of pharmacologic therapy is a safe and effective means of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm.
Robust graph traversal: Resiliency techniques for data intensive supercomputing

Emerging large-scale, data intensive applications that use the graph abstraction to represent problems in a broad spectrum of scientific and analytics applications have radically different features from floating point intensive scientific applications. These complex graph applications, besides having large working datasets, exhibit very low spatial and temporal locality which makes designing algorithmic fault tolerance for these quite challenging. They will run on future exascale-class High Performance Computing (HPC) systems that will contain massive number of components, and will be built from devices far less reliable than those used today. In this paper we propose software based approaches that increase robustness for these data intensive, graph-based applications by managing the resiliency in terms of the data flow progress and validation of pointer computations. Our experimental results show that such a simple approach incurs fairly low execution time overheads while allowing these computations to survive a large number of faults that would otherwise always result in the termination of the computation.
Plasma CVD diamond deposition in C-H-O systems

Abstract For fixed carbon concentrations (2 vol.%), the O/C ratio has been systematically varied. Measurements of the resulting plasma optical emission were carried out and discussed in relation to the introduction of additional reaction paths to the formation of atomic hydrogen as the result of new active intermediate species containing oxygen. In turn, the optical emission results were related to extensions in the diamond formation region of deposition parameter space. The formation region was determined indirectly from deposition rate and film characterization by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy of each of the samples.
Characterization of radish mitochondrial atpA: influence of nuclear background on transcription of atpA-associated sequences and relationship with male sterility.

We have previously shown that the mitochondrial gene atpA, encoding the α subunit of F1 ATP synthase, is associated with DNA rearrangements and nuclear-specific transcript patterns in the male-sterile cytoplasm of Ogura radish. Here we present a detailed characterization of this gene from both the normal (fertile) and Ogura (male-sterile) cytoplasms of radish to determine if it is involved in Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility. The normal and Ogura radish atpA loci are virtually identical for 3.8 kb, including a 507 codon open reading frame whose product is approximately 92% identical to other plant ATPA polypeptides. Rearrangement breakpoints have been identified 613 bp 5′ and 1663 bp 3′ to the atpA coding region. The 5′ rearrangement breakpoint is located within a repeated sequence that has been associated with other rearrangement events in radish mitochondria. The previously identified transcript difference results from transcription originating upstream of this rearrangement site. Although the presence of this transcript is affected by nuclear background, analyses in several different sterile and fertile nuclear backgrounds indicate that the presence of this transcript is not strictly correlated with male sterility. In addition, normal levels of ATPA polypeptide are present in sterile plants containing the Ogura cytoplasm.
2-Aminophenanthroimidazole, fluorescent product of the reaction of phenanthrenequinone with arginine.

Abstract The fluorescent product of the phenanthrenequinone test for arginine and other monosubstituted guanidines was identified as a new compound, 2-amino-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole. Identification was based on method of synthesis, elementary analysis, chemical properties, and mass spectrum. The mass spectrum of the fluorescent product is similar to that of 1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole in that both have significant peaks at m e 163, 164, 190. Fragments at m e 163, 164 are characteristic of phenanthro[9,10-d] heterocycles, and the m e 190 fragment probably is analogous structurally to the m e 90 fragment in the spectrum of benzimidazole. Differences in the two spectra can be accounted for by the presence of an amino group on the C2 atom of the fluorescent product. The acetyl derivative of this compound, N-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-ylacetamide, was also prepared.
Breastfeeding experiences among physicians

Abstract Background: During medical school and residency training, physicians are taught that breastfeeding is the preferred feeding for all infants, with rare exceptions. But evidence is accumulating that while physician mothers have a high rate of breastfeeding initiation, they face significant obstacles to sustained breastfeeding. Methods: In our academic medical center, we conducted a brief survey of physicians who have young children, to explore their own experiences with breastfeeding. The survey explored the physician-as-parent's own experiences with breastfeeding—prenatal intentions, postnatal difficulties, ability to meet goals, emotions if goals were not met, resources for support pre- and postnatally, and ideas about what would have helped her breastfeed longer. Results: Two-thirds of the physicians who initiated breastfeeding had difficulties. Among those with difficulties, about three-fourths were able to resolve them. Conclusions: Even mothers who are medical professionals experience, and of...
Distribution and retention of 137Cs in sediments at the Hanford Site, Washington.

137Cesium and other contaminants have leaked from single-shell storage tanks (SSTs) into coarse-textured, relatively unweathered unconsolidated sediments. Contaminated sediments were retrieved from beneath a leaky SST to investigate the distribution of adsorbed 137Cs+ across different sediment size fractions. All fractions contained mica (biotite, muscovite, vermiculatized biotite), quartz, and plagioclase along with smectite and kaolinite in the clay-size fraction. A phosphor-plate autoradiograph method was used to identify particular sediment particles responsible for retaining 137Cs+. The Cs-bearing particles were found to be individual mica flakes or agglomerated smectite, mica, quartz, and plagioclase. Of these, only the micaceous component was capable of sorbing Cs+ strongly. Sorbed 137Cs+ could not be significantly removed from sediments by leaching with dithionite citrate buffer or KOH, but a fraction of the sorbed 137Cs+ (5−22%) was desorbable with solutions containing an excess of Rb+. The small...
On continuity of derivations and epimorphisms on some vector-valued group algebras

For a locally compact Abelian group G and a commutative Banach algebra B , let L 1 ( G, B ) be the Banach algebra of all Bochner integrable functions. We show that if G is compact and B is a nonunital Banach algebra without nontrivial zero divisors, then (i) all derivations on L 1 ( G, B ) are continuous if and only if all derivations on B are continuous, and (ii) each epimorphism from a Banach algebra X onto L 1 ( G, B ) is continuous provided every epimorphism from X onto B is continuous. If G is noncompact then every derivation on L 1 ( G, B ) and every epimorphism from a commutative Banach algebra onto L 1 ( G, B ) are continuous. Our results extend the results of Neumann and Velasco for nonunital Banach algebras.
Serotonin Regulation of Serotonin Uptake in RN46A Cells

1. Aim: The role of the serotonin transporter (SERT) is to remove serotonin (5-HT) from the synaptic space. In vitro studies have shown that 5-HT uptake via SERT is influenced by the availability of its substrate, 5-HT. We used RN46A cells, a line that expresses SERT, to investigate 5-HT regulation of 5-HT uptake and the intracellular signaling pathways involved. RN46A cells also express mRNAs for 5-HT receptors (5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C) and as cAMP and intracellular Ca2+ are modulated by different 5-HT receptors, we studied both pathways.
FliH, a soluble component of the type III flagellar export apparatus of Salmonella, forms a complex with FliI and inhibits its ATPase activity

Both FliH and the ATPase FliI are cytoplasmic components of the Salmonella type III flagellar export apparatus. Dominance and inhibition data have suggested that the N-terminus of FliI interacts with FliH and that this interaction is important for the ATPase function of the C-terminal domain of FliI. N-terminally histidine-tagged, wild-type FliI retarded untagged FliH in a Ni-NTA affinity chromatography assay, as did N-His-tagged versions of FliI carrying catalytic mutations. In contrast, N-His-tagged FliI carrying the double mutation R7C/L12P did not, further indicating that the N-terminus of FliI is responsible for interaction with FliH. Native agarose gel electrophoresis confirmed that FliH and FliI form a complex. Analytical gel filtration with in-line multiangle light scattering indicated that FliH alone forms a dimer, FliI alone remains as a monomer, and FliH and FliI together form a (FliH)2FliI complex. Ni-NTA affinity chromatography using N-His-tagged FliH and a large excess of untagged FliH confirmed that FliH forms a homodimer. The ATPase activity of the FliH-FliI complex was about 10-fold lower than that of FliI alone; the presence or absence of ATP did not affect the formation of the complex. We propose that FliH functions as a negative regulator to prevent FliI from hydrolysing ATP until the flagellar export apparatus is competent to link this hydrolysis to the translocation of export substrates across the plane of the cytoplasmic membrane into the lumen of the nascent flagellar structure.
Sea-salt vertical profiles over the Southern and tropical Pacific oceans : Microphysics, optical properties, spatial variability, and variations with wind speed

[1] About 100 vertical profiles of marine aerosol were contrasted between two remote regions over the Southern Ocean and the equatorial Pacific. Real-time thermal analysis of particles at near 40°C, 150°C, and 300°C resolved the volatile (mostly sulfate and organic) and refractory (mostly sea salt) size distributions continuously throughout two major aircraft campaigns. The average sea-salt contributions to aerosol optical depths (AOD) in the marine boundary layer over the Southern Ocean and tropical Pacific were 0.037 (63% of the total column AOD) and 0.022 (31%), respectively, while the volatile component contributed 0.011 (19%) and 0.038 (53%), respectively. This shows the large difference in relative importance of sea salt and volatile components for regions with different residence times and source strengths. The total column AOD is estimated to be 0.037, 0.043, and 0.090 for 0–4, 4–8, and 8–12 m s−1, respectively, over the Southern Ocean, and 0.060, 0.062, and 0.128 for 3–5, 5–7, and 7–9 m s−1, respectively, over the tropical Pacific. Wind speed was a good indicator of sea-salt concentrations on a campaign average basis but a poor indicator on a case-by-case basis. This highlights the important effect of removal, wind duration, and fetch on sea-salt variability. Variability in the marine aerosol was assessed statistically for 96 circular flight legs of about 60 km diameter. This mesoscale variability increased with altitude and resulted in variations in column AOD of about 25% over these spatial scales. Hence mesoscale variability is an important concern for satellite remote sensing, closure studies, and model validation even for this nominally homogeneous clean marine atmosphere.
Imaging process as ethnographic inquiry

This paper considers the predicament of ethnographic photography in the current period of paradigm transition. The dominant mode of ethnographic imaging has remained severely constrained by the genre conventions of documentary, and so the practice was relegated to the poetic margins of social science discourse. But, as this paper argues, the paradox of visual representation is not inherent in the medium, rather it stems from the imaging process as formalist aesthetic. An alternative formulation involves foregrounding the process itself as a system of communication, thereby severing the photograph's ontological commitment to reality.
Diagonal implicit multigrid algorithm for the Euler equations

A multigrid implementation of the Alternating Direction Implicit algorithm has been developed to solve the Euler equations of inviscid, compressible flow. The equations are approximated using a finite-volume spatial approximation with added dissipation provided by an adaptive blend of second and fourth differences. For computational efficiency, the equations are diagonalized by a local similariity transformation so that only a decoupled system of scalar pentadiagonal systems need be solved along each line. Results are computed for transonic flows past airfoils and include pressure distributions to verify the accuracy of the basic scheme and convergence histories to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
Gene Expression-Based Dosimetry by Dose and Time in Mice Following Acute Radiation Exposure

Rapid and reliable methods for performing biological dosimetry are of paramount importance in the event of a large-scale nuclear event. Traditional dosimetry approaches lack the requisite rapid assessment capability, ease of use, portability and low cost, which are factors needed for triaging a large number of victims. Here we describe the results of experiments in which mice were acutely exposed to 60Co gamma rays at doses of 0 (control) to 10 Gy. Blood was obtained from irradiated mice 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after exposure. mRNA expression levels of 106 selected genes were obtained by reverse-transcription real time PCR. Stepwise regression of dose received against individual gene transcript expression levels provided optimal dosimetry at each time point. The results indicate that only 4–7 different gene transcripts are needed to explain ≥ 0.69 of the variance (R2), and that receiver-operator characteristics, a measure of sensitivity and specificity, of ≥ 0.93 for these statistical models were achieved at each time point. These models provide an excellent description of the relationship between the actual and predicted doses up to 6 Gy. At doses of 8 and 10 Gy there appears to be saturation of the radiation-response signals with a corresponding diminution of accuracy. These results suggest that similar analyses in humans may be advantageous for use in a field-portable device designed to assess exposures in mass casualty situations.
AMIAnalyzer: Security analysis of AMI configurations

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is comprising of heterogeneous cyber-physical components, which are interconnected through different communication media, protocols and secure tunnels, and operated using different security policies. The inherent complexity and heterogeneity in AMI significantly increase the potential of security threats due to misconfiguration or absence of defense, which may cause devastating damage to AMI. In this paper, we present AMIAnalyzer, a declarative security analysis tool, which offers two-fold contributions: (i) formal modeling of AMI components' configurations and their interactions based on property level abstraction; (ii) verifying the AMI configuration compliances with security control guidelines.
The effect of norepinephrine on tonic immobility in chickens

Cockerel chicks, habituated to the tonic immobility (TI) induction procedure, were tested for TI duration following no injection or injection of saline or.25,.5, or 1.0 mg/kg of norepinephrine. Results indicated that TI duration was an increasing function of norepinephrine dosage level.
Possibilities of classification of topographically distributed neurophysiological multi-channel data

Progress in quantifying states of cerebral function and in the further development of automated EEG processing demands the application of suitable methods for the reduction of neurophysiological multi-channel data as well as their automatic classification. The method used here for reducing multi-channel data was to gain distributions of parametric descriptors from EEG data from computer-aided topographic electroencephalometry (CATEEM®), for example the relative and absolute band power in the frequency bands delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2, total power, median and mode frequency, and other parameters. These values were subjected to cluster analysis. The classification of EEG parameters was carried out by means of discrimination analysis and neural networks. The practicability of both procedures was demonstrated in the reduction and classification of EEG data in the context of a normed study involving 104 healthy adults. These data have been used as the basis for a new evaluation study of 60 additional intraoperative EEG recordings obtained with CATEEM®. In that newly started study, the effects of sedative and anaesthetic drugs on EEG behavior and psychophysiologic behavior remain to be investigated.
On the Comparability of the Wais and Wais-R: Review of the Research and Implications for Clinical Practice

A review of WAIS/WAIS-R comparison studies is presented. Three methodologies have been used to assess scale comparability: (a) test-retest; (b) combined administration; and (c) equivalent groups. Results indicated that the WAIS-R yielded lower IQs than the WAIS for normals and groups with psychiatric and/or neurological disorders. The median WAIS/WAIS-R discrepancies across studies were - 6.6, - 6.4, and - 6.8 for the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs, respec tively. However, it was noted that differences were larger for persons of average as opposed to bright normal or superior intelligence. The single in vestigation that utilized retarded subjects found the WAIS-R Verbal and Full Scale IQs to be higher than corresponding WAIS values. These results should alert clinicians to the possibility that different relationships may exist between WAIS and WAIS-R scores at different points on the in telligence distribution.
Dopamine and serotonin signaling during two sensitive developmental periods differentially impact adult aggressive and affective behaviors in mice

Pharmacologic blockade of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) or serotonin transporter (5-HTT) has antidepressant and anxiolytic efficacy in adulthood. Yet, genetically conferred MAOA or 5-HTT hypoactivity is associated with altered aggression and increased anxiety/depression. Here we test the hypothesis that increased monoamine signaling during development causes these paradoxical aggressive and affective phenotypes. We find that pharmacologic MAOA blockade during early postnatal development (P2-P21) but not during peri-adolescence (P22-41) increases anxiety- and depression-like behavior in adult (>P90) mice, mimicking the effect of P2-21 5-HTT inhibition. Moreover, MAOA blockade during peri-adolescence, but not P2-21 or P182-201, increases adult aggressive behavior, and 5-HTT blockade from P22-P41 reduced adult aggression. Blockade of the dopamine transporter, but not the norepinephrine transporter, during P22-41 also increases adult aggressive behavior. Thus, P2-21 is a sensitive period during which 5-HT modulates adult anxiety/depression-like behavior, and P22-41 is a sensitive period during which DA and 5-HT bi-directionally modulate adult aggression. Permanently altered DAergic function as a consequence of increased P22-P41 monoamine signaling might underlie altered aggression. In support of this hypothesis, we find altered aggression correlating positively with locomotor response to amphetamine challenge in adulthood. Proving that altered DA function and aggression are causally linked, we demonstrate that optogenetic activation of VTA DAergic neurons increases aggression. It therefore appears that genetic and pharmacologic factors impacting dopamine and serotonin signaling during sensitive developmental periods can modulate adult monoaminergic function and thereby alter risk for aggressive and emotional dysfunction.
Stimulus selection and the redundant-trigram model of paired-associate learning

College Ss acquired paired associates (PAs) consisting of redundant trigrams (trigrams with no repeated letters) paired with single-digit responses, whereupon they were tested for single-letter selection and quizzed as to how they had learned each PA. The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not college Ss process redundant trigrams on the basis of their initial characteristics to any significant extent. The results showed that a significant number of the trigrams were indeed processed on the basis of the initials they spelled out. It was argued that the occurrence of initial selection makes the redundant-trigram model a less useful research model than was heretofore supposed.
Evidence for major mass transfer and volume strain during regional metamorphism of pelites

Systematic examination of published sedimentary and metamorphosed pelite analyses has revealed evidence of significant mass transfer and volume strain during regional metamorphism. Statistical analysis of the data shows that Barrovian zone metamorphism of pelitic schist generally causes increases in the whole-rock concentrations of the low-solubility elements Ti and All The observed increases in Ti and Al contents as functions of metamorphic grade are almost certainly due to residual enrichment caused by the removal of other more soluble species. Application of mass-balance principles to the petite compositional trends indicates that the average pelite may lose as much as 30% of its mass and volume during progressive metamorphism from subgreenschist to amphibolite facies conditions. The bulk of the lost mass is silica, not volatiles. In addition, other elements, particularly Ca, Na, and K, appear to be highly mobile in deep-crustal metamorphism. Contrary to conventional interpretations, it is concluded that the regional metamorphism of pelites is not an isochemical process.
NONSTATIONARY SELF-FOCUSING IN PHOTOREFRACTIVE MEDIA

We consider nonstationary self-focusing of an optical beam propagating in a photorefractive medium in the framework of a two-dimensional model.
An automated method for the fluorescamine reaction using a peristaltic pump.

Abstract An automated method is described for the measurement of amino acids and proteins by the fluorescamine reaction. Isopropanol is used as solvent for the fluorescamine, and all reagents are pumped by a peristaltic pump.