cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A graphene-based electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of paracetamol.

An electrochemical sensor based on the electrocatalytic activity of functionalized graphene for sensitive detection of paracetamol is presented. The electrochemical behaviors of paracetamol on graphenemodified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. The results showed that the graphene-modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to paracetamol. A quasi-reversible redox process of paracetamol at the modified electrode was obtained, and the over-potential of paracetamol decreased significantly compared with that at the bare GCE. Such electrocatalytic behavior of graphene is attributed to its unique physical and chemical properties, e.g., subtle electronic characteristics, attractive – interaction, and strong adsorptive capability. This electrochemical sensor shows an excellent performance for detecting paracetamol with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10 −8
HOMOGENIZATION OF THE SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION WITH LARGE, RANDOM POTENTIAL

We study the behavior of solutions to a Schrodinger equation with large, rapidly oscillating, mean zero, random potential with Gaussian distribution. We show that in high dimension d > &#x1d52a;, where &#x1d52a; is the order of the spatial pseudo-differential operator in the Schrodinger equation (with &#x1d52a; = 2 for the standard Laplace operator), the solution converges in the L2 sense uniformly in time over finite intervals to the solution of a deterministic Schrodinger equation as the correlation length e tends to 0. This generalizes to long times the convergence results obtained for short times and for the heat equation in [2]. The result is based on the decomposition of multiple scattering contributions introduced in [6]. In dimension d < &#x1d52a;, the random solution converges to the solution of a stochastic partial differential equation; see [1, 13].
Risk-Taking Behavior and Inflation Adjustment of Personal Income Taxes

Under inflationary conditions non-adjustment of progressive income tax schedules gives rise to “cold progression”. A criterion is established from which one can infer whether non-adjustment reduces or increases risk-taking. In many cases, for instance in the case of Germany’s current income tax, risk-taking is reduced. Among the different adjustment alternatives only the canonical adjustment procedure based on the consumer price index turns out to be neutral with respect to risk-taking.
Anxiety Disorders and Personality Disorders: A Review

This paper reviews studies of the relationship between anxiety and personality disorders. We begin by reviewing models of the relationship between Axis I and Axis II disorders, methodological limitations of studies that have attempted to provide evidence for these models, and findings of general studies of comorbidity of anxiety and personality disorders. We then review studies of the relationship between specific anxiety and personality disorders. Although this research has clear limitations, when taken together with advances in our understanding of the nature of these disorders, it has important clinical and theoretical implications.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Obese and Non-Obese Children

Background Obesity is an increasing problem in the pediatric population. Despite abundant data on the impact of obesity in adults, little data exist that examines the impact of obesity on surgical outcomes in children. We reviewed our experience with laparoscopic cholecystectomy to evaluate the impact of obesity. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between September, 2000 and June, 2009. Demographics, indication, length of operation, length of stay, and complications were examined. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and BMI percentage according to gender and age was determined. Results There were 312 patients identified, 150 patients were normal weight (BMI less than 85%), 65 patients were overweight (BMI = 85%–95%), and 97 patients were obese (BMI > 95%). The mean age of the patients was 14 y (range 0–20), and 76% were female. The overweight and obese groups had more females (P = 0.022 and P = 0.0016) and the obese group was older (P = 0.0003). No differences were found between the groups in the indication for cholecystectomy. There was no difference in operative time, length of stay, or complications between normal weight patients and overweight or obese patients. Conclusion Despite the known surgical challenges with overweight patients, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and equally beneficial procedure in overweight children.
Time Series Clustering: Complex is Simpler!

Given a motion capture sequence, how to identify the category of the motion? Classifying human motions is a critical task in motion editing and synthesizing, for which manual labeling is clearly inefficient for large databases. Here we study the general problem of time series clustering. We propose a novel method of clustering time series that can (a) learn joint temporal dynamics in the data; (b) handle time lags; and (c) produce interpretable features. We achieve this by developing complex-valued linear dynamical systems (CLDS), which include real-valued Kalman filters as a special case; our advantage is that the transition matrix is simpler (just diagonal), and the transmission one easier to interpret. We then present Complex-Fit, a novel EM algorithm to learn the parameters for the general model and its special case for clustering. Our approach produces significant improvement in clustering quality, 1.5 to 5 times better than well-known competitors on real motion capture sequences.
Improvements in BSIM4

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Physical and Electrical Oxide Thicknesses Strong Inversion Potential for Vertical Nonuniform Doping Profile Threshold Voltage Modifications V GST,eff in Moderate Inversion Drain Conductance Model Mobility Model Diode Capacitance Diode Breakdown GIDL (Gate-Induced Drain Leakage) Current Bias-Dependent Drain-Source Resistance Gate Resistance Substrate Resistance Overlap Capacitance Thermal Noise Models Flicker Noise Model Non-Quasi-Static AC Model Gate Tunneling Currents Layout-Dependent Parasitics This chapter contains sections titled: References and Notes ]]>
Identification of Robot Dynamics: An Application of Recursive Estimation

To synthesize robust robot parameter identification algorithms, we outline the fundamental properties of the Newton-Euler (N-E) and Lagrange-Euler (L-E) formulations of robot dynamics. We transform the nonlinear (in dynamic parameters) N-E dynamic robot model into the equivalent linear (in dynamic parameters) L-E dynamic robot model. We cast the L-E torque/force error model into the series and parallel identifier structures for on-line and off-line robot parameter estimation. To illustrate our approach, we identify (in simulation) the dynamic parameters of the cylindrical prototype robot and the three degreeof-freedom positioning system of the Stanford manipulator. Our identification algorithm is directly amenable to the real-time identification of the pay-load inertial characteristics and the dynamic frictional coefficients for precise trajectory control.
A novel subset of enteric neurons revealed by ptf1a:GFP in the developing zebrafish enteric nervous system

The enteric nervous system, the largest division of the peripheral nervous system, is derived from vagal neural crest cells that invade and populate the entire length of the gut to form diverse neuronal subtypes. Here, we identify a novel population of neurons within the enteric nervous system of zebrafish larvae that express the transgenic marker ptf1a:GFP within the midgut. Genetic lineage analysis reveals that enteric ptf1a:GFP+ cells are derived from the neural crest and that most ptf1a:GFP+ neurons express the neurotransmitter 5HT, demonstrating that they are serotonergic. This transgenic line, Tg(ptf1a:GFP), provides a novel neuronal marker for a subpopulation of neurons within the enteric nervous system, and highlights the possibility that Ptf1a may act as an important transcription factor for enteric neuron development.
On a Class of Spherically Symmetric Flows

“Die Mechanik, deren Grundlagen erstmals Newton zusammengefast, dann Cauchy durch Einfuhrung des Spannungsbegriffes wesentlich vervollstandigt hat, diese Mechanik strebt dem Ziele zu: eine solche Darstellung der Bewegungs-und Gleichgewichts-Erscheinungen zu geben, bei der alle der Erfahrung entnommenen Hypothesen die bestimmte Form von Kraftgesetzen bezw. Spannungsgesetzen haben.”
Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal effect enables a new method for quantitative biochemical analysis using a thermometer

A new biomolecular quantitation method, nanoparticle-mediated photothermal bioassay, using a common thermometer as the signal reader was developed. Using an immunoassay as a proof of concept, iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) captured in the sandwich-type assay system were transformed into a near-infrared (NIR) laser-driven photothermal agent, Prussian blue (PB) NPs, which acted as a photothermal probe to convert the assay signal into heat through the photothermal effect, thus allowing sensitive biomolecular quantitation using a thermometer. This is the first report of biomolecular quantitation using a thermometer and also serves as the first attempt to introduce the nanoparticle-mediated photothermal effect for bioassays.
Genetic Variation in the FT1 Locus Involved in Reproductive Onset in Populus deltoides

The onset of reproduction is an important event in tree development and adaptation. Reproductive onset is controlled by the FT1 locus in poplar ( Populus sp .). However, sequence variation in this locus is not well understood. To enable large-scale polymorphism studies, the aim of this research was to identify sequence variation in the FT1 locus in a small population of Populus deltoides with varying reproductive onset. Gene specific primers were designed to amplify four exons and three introns of FT1 , from 14 genotypes. The sequence analysis showed 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 4 insertion-deletion sites located in introns of FT1 . Transcript expression analysis in two groups with different reproductive onset phenotypes showed FT1 transcript expressed higher in the early flowering genotypes than late flowering genotype. This information expands the understanding of the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in reproductive onset in Populus deltoides .
Evaluation of Salmonella thermal inactivation model validity for slow cooking of whole-muscle meat roasts in a pilot-scale oven.

Sublethal heating can increase subsequent thermal resistance of bacteria, which may compromise the validity of thermal process validations for slow-roasted meats. Therefore, this research evaluated the accuracy of a traditional log-linear inactivation model, developed via prior laboratory-scale isothermal tests, and a novel path-dependent model accounting for sublethal injury, applied to pilot-scale slow cooking of whole-muscle roasts. Irradiated turkey breasts, beef rounds, and pork loins were inoculated with an eight-serovar Salmonella cocktail via vacuum tumble marination in a salt-phosphate marinade. The resulting initial Salmonella population in the geometric center (core) was 7.0, 6.3, and 6.3 log CFU/g for turkey, beef, and pork, respectively. Seven different cooking schedules representing industry practices were evaluated in a pilot-scale, moist-air convection oven. Core temperatures recorded during cooking were used to calculate lethality real-time via the log-linear model. The path-dependent mod...
Effect of Celiac Ganglionectomy upon Experimental Peptic Ulcer Formation.

Conclusions1. Postganglionic sympathectomy of the gastrointestinal tract potentiates the susceptibility to the histamine-induced ulcer in dogs. 2. This increased susceptibility to ulcer formation has continued over the longest interval during which a dog was observed, in one instance for 499 days following celiac ganglionectomy.
Simulation of Electric Propulsion Drive With Surface Piercing Propeller for Planing-Hull Watercraft

A simulation model for planing-hull watercraft propulsion consisting of a 3ph induction motor as prime mover, direct shaft drive, surface piercing propeller as thruster and speed controller was developed, tested, and operated demonstrating the ability to analyze the entire system numerically. The modularity of the model allows for the user to easily substitute different or more advanced modules, or add additional ones to obtain greater level of detail or simulate more complex interactions. Trends indicate an interest in all electric ship design as well as the use of surface piercing propellers for small craft. All-electric drive plants offer distinct advantages due to their flexibility in arrangements, ability to eliminate reduction gears in many cases, and wide range of available sizes. Of particular interest is the ability to apply electric drive to small craft with planing-hull, which achieve significantly higher velocities and where arrangements and maneuverability are of high concern. The accurate control of speed combined with the ability to output fairly constant torque across a wide range of speeds allows application of non-conventional thrusters such as surface piercing propellers to small craft. Due to the availability of towing tank data from a surface piercing propeller, a methodology to translate measured performance data for non-conventional thrusters as a computer simulation block needed to be developed. The derived modeling block of the surface piercing propeller, which took the form of a neural net, was integrated with an AC induction motor prime mover module, detailed dynamic propulsion shaft module and Proportional-Integral (PI) control module. The modules were finally augmented with a block implementing Savitsky’s method for planing-hull modeling. Simulations were conducted using full-scale real-world conditions for a hull Bayliner 170 Bowrider boat the hull of which can be adjusted to accommodate for a 50HP electric motor and a surface-piercing propeller. The runs conducted demonstrated the model functionality and level of detail.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Blacks and Mormonism: A Social Distance Change

84 students in 1975 and 132 students in 1979 completed the Bogardus Social Distance Scale for 30 ethnic groups. Scores for 27 ethnic groups decreased over 3 yr., while that for Negroes showed greatest decrease for these 2 groups of Mormon students.
The Human Lymphocyte in Short-Term Tissue Culture

Small lymphocytes from human blood are ordinarily incapable of growth and division. When placed in short-term tissue culture these cells can be induced to enlarge and proliferate by the introduction of a variety of mitogenic agents. Lymphocytes obtained from patients with diseases involving abnormal immune activity respond differently to mitogenic agents in vitro. This system is presented as a model for the study of the immunoproliferative response in health and disease.
No time to waste: decreasing patient wait times for chemotherapy administration using automated prioritization in an oncology pharmacy system.

Objectives To implement an automated pharmacy dispensing prioritization system and to evaluate its effect on the timing of dispensing and administration of chemotherapy. Study design An electronic chemotherapy dispensing system that prioritized orders for pharmacy processing based on anticipated patient arrival at the oncology outpatient unit was implemented, followed by an educational intervention for pharmacy staff. Methods A time-controlled study evaluating the effect of the electronic chemotherapy dispensing system on late, early, and "within target" dispensing and administration of chemotherapy was conducted. Results A total of 13,138 chemotherapies were prepared and released pending medical clearance based on laboratory results (hereafter referred to as pending counts) (8677 [66.0%]) or pending arrival of the patient (hereafter referred to as pending arrival) (4461 [34.0%]) from March 1, 2005, to March 2, 2006. Chemotherapy dispensing and administration times were retrospectively compared with chemotherapy appointment times after adjustment for late patient arrival. Dispensing times continuously decreased from a mean delay in dispensing of 12 minutes after the adjusted chemotherapy appointment time at baseline to dispensing a mean of 5 minutes ahead of the scheduled time by the end of the study. Chemotherapy treatments dispensed within target increased from 62.9% to 74.7% (pending arrival) and from 53.4% to 68.1% (pending counts), and those administered within target increased from 64.9% to 71.8% (pending arrival) and from 56.0% to 70.1% (pending counts). Conclusion An automated intervention for synchronizing chemotherapy preparation with anticipated times for administration was associated with significant reduction in wait times.
Rituximab for the Treatment of High Titer Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor with Long Term Follow up

Acquired factor VIII inhibitors are auto antibodies directed against factor VIII (FVIII) and have a reported incidence of 0.2–1.0 per million individuals per year. It is a rare cause of serious bleeding associated with high mortality. Individuals with high titer antibodies (> 100 Bethesda units (BU)), often have difficulty achieving a complete sustained remission although different strategies have been advocated for these patients. Rituximab has been demonstrated to show efficacy in patients with acquired hemophilia. In this study we retrospectively studied three patients with high titer acquired FVIII inhibitors with long term follow up. Two of the patients were resistant to steroids and Intravenous Immunoglobulin, one patient had received steroids and Cyclophosphamide prior to rituximab therapy. Patients ages were 36, 45 and 48 years, two were women and one male. One of the women has a h/o pregnancy about 8 months ago and other two were thought to have idiopathic inhibitors. The patient’s inhibitor titers ranged from 124–800 BU at the time of treatment with Rituximab. All received 4 weekly infusion of rituximab at 375mg/m 2 . No significant treatment related complication was noted. One patient did not respond to treatment. Two patients had a decline in inhibitor titers. One patient had a gradual drop in titer from 124 BU to 0.00 BU over 18 months. The other responder had a drop in titer from 800 BU to 41 BU in 16 months and then relapsed with significant bleeding and anti factor 8 titers of 700 BU and was retreated with rituximab and had a gradual drop in inhibitor titers to 50 BU over 8 months. The two patients have been followed for 28 and 30 months respectively. The non responder continues to have high tires of antibodies and has been followed for 25 months. We conclude that in patients with high titer of acquired inhibitors rituximab alone may produce a drop in inhibitor titer but is not sufficient to achieve a complete response. Rituximab in combination with other therapies or novel agents may provide better results,
The Funding for HIV/AIDS: Implications for Strategic Development by Nonprofit Organizations

The study investigates the nonprofit HIV/AIDS Service providers’ responses to changes in their past and future government funding environments. An analysis of the mail questionnaires received from 273 program administrators found the Cost Management and Revenue-Producing strategic dimensions were not statistically significant for either funding environment.However, the Imagery dimension was found to be influenced by past funding changes and the Revenue-Producing dimension influenced by changes in both past and future levels of funding. Specific strategies are identified as significant responses to the changes in government funding. Managerial implications are discussed and future research suggestions are offered.
Robust registration of Mouse brain slices with severe histological artifacts

Brain mapping research is facilitated by first aligning digital images of mouse brain slices to standardized atlas framework such as the Allen Reference Atlas (ARA). However, conventional processing of these brain slices introduces many histological artifacts such as tears and missing regions in the tissue, which make the automatic alignment process extremely challenging. We present an end-to-end fully automatic registration pipeline for alignment of digital images of mouse brain slices that may have histological artifacts, to a standardized atlas space. We use a geometric approach where we first align the bounding box of convex hulls of brain slice contours and atlas template contours, which are extracted using a variant of Canny edge detector. We then detect the artifacts using Constrained Delaunay Triangulation (CDT) and remove them from the contours before performing global alignment of points using iterative closest point (ICP). This is followed by a final non-linear registration by solving the Laplace's equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We tested our algorithm on 200 mouse brain slice images including slices acquired from conventional processing techniques having major histological artifacts, and from serial two-photon tomography (STPT) with no major artifacts. We show significant improvement over other registration techniques, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in all slices especially on slices with significant histological artifacts.
Geogenic organic contaminants in the low-rank coal-bearing Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer of East Texas, USA

The organic composition of groundwater along the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in East Texas (USA), sampled from rural wells in May and September 2015, was examined as part of a larger study of the potential health and environmental effects of organic compounds derived from low-rank coals. The quality of water from the low-rank coal-bearing Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer is a potential environmental concern and no detailed studies of the organic compounds in this aquifer have been published. Organic compounds identified in the water samples included: aliphatics and their fatty acid derivatives, phenols, biphenyls, N-, O-, and S-containing heterocyclic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, and phthalates. Many of the identified organic compounds (aliphatics, phenols, heterocyclic compounds, PAHs) are geogenic and originated from groundwater leaching of young and unmetamorphosed low-rank coals. Estimated concentrations of individual compounds ranged from about 3.9 to 0.01 μg/L. In many rural areas in East Texas, coal strata provide aquifers for drinking water wells. Organic compounds observed in groundwater are likely to be present in drinking water supplied from wells that penetrate the coal. Some of the organic compounds identified in the water samples are potentially toxic to humans, but at the estimated levels in these samples, the compounds are unlikely to cause acute health problems. The human health effects of low-level chronic exposure to coal-derived organic compounds in drinking water in East Texas are currently unknown, and continuing studies will evaluate possible toxicity.
Luminescent Difluoroboron β-Diketonate PLA–PEG Nanoparticle

Luminescent difluoroboron β-diketonate poly(lactic acid) (BF2bdkPLA) materials serve as biological imaging agents. In this study, dye structures were modified to achieve emission colors that span the visible region with potential for multiplexing applications. Four dyes with varying π-conjugation (phenyl, naphthyl) and donor groups (−OMe, −NMe2) were coupled to PLLA–PEG block copolymers (∼11 kDa) by a postpolymerization Mitsunobu reaction. The resulting dye–polymer conjugates were fabricated as nanoparticles (∼55 nm diameter) to produce nanomaterials with a range of emission colors (420–640 nm). For increased stability, dye-PLLA-PEG conjugates were also blended with dye-free PDLA–PEG to form stereocomplex nanoparticles of smaller size (∼45 nm diameter). The decreased dye loading in the stereoblocks blue-shifted the emission, generating a broader range of fluorescence colors (410–620 nm). Tumor accumulation was confirmed in a murine model through biodistribution studies with a red emitting dimethyl amino-s...
The Economics of Supply Chain Security

This chapter introduces important tools of industrial organization and game theory in order to provide an economic rationale for supply chain security. Industrial organization will be used to differentiate among various types of business arrangements. These run the range of perfect competition through to monopoly, with various hybrids in between. Game theory will be outlined and used as a tool for making strategic decisions. It takes into account what others have done, will do, or might do. The purpose is to find an optimal strategy (if there is one to be found) given interdependent (and often adversarial) decision making.
The Intertwined Successional Development of the Lamb Gut Microbiota And Immune System (Poster)

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbes play critical roles in host nutrition, health and immunological development. For adult ruminants, GIT-dwelling microbes provide ~70% of daily energy requirements. The GIT also houses 70 % of the animal’s immune system in the form of the Gut-associated Lymphatic Tissue (GALT), which houses 80% of all plasma cells and depends on microbial stimulation for maturation. Because nutrition and disease are two major factors in the economic sustainability of livestock production, our group set out to characterize the successional development of GIT microbiota and immune activity. Blood and GIT samples were collected from lambs immediately at birth through one-year of age, and from the dam’s vagina, mouth, and rectum at parturition. Blood samples were profiled for serum titers of IgM, IgA and IgG, while microbiota were profiled in GIT samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Lamb GIT microbiota initially resembled the dam’s vaginal microbiota but following exposure to the dam, became rapidly more similar to the dam’s teat. GIT samples eventually formed stable climax communities similar to the dams around 180 days of age. This corresponded to the peak serum titers for each immunoglobin, which, aside from a peak in IgG at birth (likely colostral transfer), had gradually increased prior to this time. Immunoglobins peaked and then return to a sub peak level between 180 and 365 days. These results indicate dam vaginal microbiota have a short-lived impact on the neonatal microbiota, with the GIT microbiota going through a dynamic successional development to 180 d when immune function appears to peak.
Radar Sounding Through the Earth’s Ionosphere at 45 MHz

Radar sounding from aircraft or ground-coupled radars has long provided scientists with a powerful technique to sound through ice layers to retrieve local depth and layering structure. More recently, it has been used to detect shallow aquifers in warm, dry, and desert regions. At Mars, a long-wavelength radar sounding from low orbit altitudes has produced global maps that reveal the presence of ice layering at all latitudes and glacial deposits on the flanks of volcanoes. Until now, sounding from the earth orbit at wavelengths long enough to penetrate ice sheets and arid sand was thought to be infeasible, because of the electromagnetic properties of the ionosphere. In this paper, we show that a radar sounding at frequencies as low as 45 MHz is, in fact, theoretically possible under viewing conditions that occur often enough to be practical. This conclusion opens up a previously unutilized portion of the electromagnetic spectrum for large-scale, spaceborne remote sensing of subsurface features on the earth.
Magnetoresistor with Planar Magnetic Concentrator as Wideband Contactless Current Sensor for Power Electronics Applications

High-frequency power electronic converters require lossless, accurate, and isolated current measurement. High-frequency currents through a printed circuit board (PCB) trace generate nonuniform magnetic field around the trace. The nonuniform magnetic fields can be normalized by means of magnetic field concentrators (MCONs) using conductive materials. In this study, a novel technique for high-frequency contactless current sensing using magnetoresistor (MR) sensors with planar magnetic concentrators (MCON) utilizing conductive materials has been proposed. The effect of different MCONs on the performance of anisotropic MR (AMR) sensors for high-frequency contactless current detection has been investigated. The performance of the AMR sensor equipped with different MCONs is demonstrated experimentally with respect to a fast rise step current. A detailed frequency analysis is performed on the sensor response with different MCONs to determine the effect on the detection bandwidth of the current sensors.
Laboratory Detection and Submillimeter Spectrum of NaCCH (X̃ 1Σ)

Sodium monoacetylide has been observed in the laboratory for the first time using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques. The species was produced by the reaction of sodium vapor and acetylene under DC discharge conditions. Nineteen rotational transitions of NaCCH in its X1Σ ground state and 14 lines of the deuterium isotopomer NaCCD were recorded in the range 270-510 GHz. From these data, highly accurate rotational constants were determined. The detection of NaCN and NaCl in the envelope of the evolved carbon star IRC +10216 suggests that other sodium-bearing species may be present in this object.
Stratospheric dynamical response and ozone feedbacks in the presence of SO2 injections

Injections of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere are among several proposed methods of solar radiation management. Such injections could cool the Earth's climate. However, they would significantly alter the dynamics of the stratosphere. We explore here the stratospheric dynamical response to sulfur dioxide injections ∼ 5 km above the tropopause at multiple latitudes (equator, 15° S, 15° N, 30° S and 30° N) using a fully coupled Earth system model, Community Earth System Model, version 1, with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model as its atmospheric component (CESM1(WACCM)). We find that in all simulations, the tropical lower stratosphere warms primarily between 30° S and 30° N, regardless of injection latitude. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the tropical zonal wind is altered by the various sulfur dioxide injections. In a simulation with a 12 Tg yr−1 equatorial injection, and with fully interactive chemistry, the QBO period lengthens to ∼ 3.5 years, but never completely disappears. However, in a simulation with specified (or non-interactive) chemical fields, including O3 and prescribed aerosols taken from the interactive simulation, the oscillation is virtually lost. In addition we find that geoengineering does not always lengthen the QBO. We further demonstrate that the QBO period changes from 24 to 12 - 17 months in simulations with sulfur dioxide injections placed poleward of the equator. Our study points to the importance of understanding and verifying of the complex interactions between aerosols, atmospheric dynamics, and atmospheric chemistry as well as understanding the effects of sulfur dioxide injections placed away from the Equator on the QBO.
Die Morphologie der Vertebraten

Die Wissenschaft der Morphologie ist konzeptionell breiter angelegt als das reine Studium von Strukturen. Morphologen beschaftigen sich nicht nur mit anatomischen Fakten, sondern auch damit, die Struktur und Strukturmuster funktionell zu erklaren. Dies verlangt eine Integration von beobachteten und experimentellen Daten aus vielerlei Quellen.
Small Aneurysms Account for the Majority and Increasing Percentage of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 25-Year, Single Institution Study.

BACKGROUND Prospective studies of unruptured aneurysms have shown very low rates of rupture for small aneurysms (<10 mm) and suggested that the risk of treatment outweighs benefit. However, common clinical practice shows that patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) frequently have small aneurysms. OBJECTIVE To investigate trends in size and location of ruptured aneurysms over a 25-yr period. METHODS A prospective, Institutional Review Board-approved database of all patients presenting to our institution with aSAH from 1991 to 2016 was analyzed. Cerebral angiography identified the source of hemorrhage. Patients with nonaneurysmal etiologies were excluded. RESULTS Complete data were available for 1306/1562 patients (84%) with aSAH from 1991 to 2016. The average age was 53 yr and 72% of patients were female. The average size of ruptured aneurysms over 25 yr was 8.0 mm. The average size of ruptured aneurysms decreased steadily with each 5-yr interval from 10.1 mm (1991-1996) to 6.6 mm (2012-2016; P < .001). Overall, very small aneurysms (<5 mm) were responsible for aSAH in 41% of patients. The percentage of very small ruptured aneurysms rose from 29% during the initial 5-yr period (1991-1996) to 50% in the most recent period. Likewise, the percentage of ruptured aneurysms that were 5 to 9 mm rose from 26% to 34% (P < .001). In the past 5 yr, aneurysms <10 mm accounted for 84% of aSAH. Vessel of origin (P = .097) and aneurysm location (P = .322) did not vary with time. CONCLUSION Ruptured small and very small aneurysms represent a majority and increasing share of aSAH. Identification and prophylactic treatment of these aneurysms remains an important clinical role for cerebrovascular neurosurgery.
Single-cycle adenovirus vectors in the current vaccine landscape.

Introduction: Traditional inactivated and protein vaccines generate strong antibodies, but struggle to generate T cell responses. Attenuated pathogen vaccines generate both, but risk causing the di...
Structural Pattern Matching - Succinctly.

Let T be a text of length n containing characters from an alphabet \Sigma, which is the union of two disjoint sets: \Sigma_s containing static characters (s-characters) and \Sigma_p containing parameterized characters (p-characters). Each character in \Sigma_p has an associated complementary character from \Sigma_p. A pattern P (also over \Sigma) matches an equal-length substring $S$ of T iff the s-characters match exactly, there exists a one-to-one function that renames the p-characters in S to the p-characters in P, and if a p-character x is renamed to another p-character y then the complement of x is renamed to the complement of y. The task is to find the starting positions (occurrences) of all such substrings S. Previous indexing solution [Shibuya, SWAT 2000], known as Structural Suffix Tree, requires \Theta(n\log n) bits of space, and can find all occ occurrences in time O(|P|\log \sigma+ occ), where \sigma = |\Sigma|. In this paper, we present the first succinct index for this problem, which occupies n \log \sigma + O(n) bits and offers O(|P|\log\sigma+ occ\cdot \log n \log\sigma) query time.
Posttranslational modification of a histone-like protein regulates phenotypic resistance to isoniazid in mycobacteria

There is increasing evidence that phenotypically drug-resistant bacteria may be important determinants of antibiotic treatment failure. Using high-throughput imaging, we defined distinct subpopulations of mycobacterial cells that exhibit heritable but semi-stable drug resistance. These subpopulations have distinct transcriptional signatures and growth characteristics at both bulk and single-cell levels, which are also heritable and semi-stable. We find that the mycobacterial histone-like protein HupB is required for the formation of these subpopulations. Using proteomic approaches, we further demonstrate that HupB is posttranslationally modified by lysine acetylation and lysine methylation. Mutation of a single posttranslational modification site specifically abolishes the formation of one of the drug-resistant subpopulations of cells, providing the first evidence in prokaryotes that posttranslational modification of a bacterial nucleoid-associated protein may epigenetically regulate cell state.
A Study of Contact Durations for Vehicle to Vehicle Communications

Emerging vehicular networks will take advantage of vehicle to vehicle short-range communications. In such networks the V2V link is active only so long as the two nodes stay within communication range of each other. This contact duration which is a statistical phenomenon affected by the mobility of vehicles on the road network will have a significant impact on the network performance, and thus merits deeper understanding. We undertake an intensive study of contact duration using real trace data from taxis in Shanghai assuming a fixed-range radio. We quantify the aggregate contact duration statistics, as well as the contact duration statistics conditioned on factors such as time, location, and vehicle directions.
Analytical Framework for the Comparison of Regions

This chapter discusses the integration theories that form the bases of MERCOSUR’s comparisons with the EU in the subsequent substantive chapters. The chapter builds up the analytical framework for the comparison of the regions deriving the specific criteria of comparison from the discussed theories.
Simple Mechanical Models

Two single-degree-of-freedom mechanical models and one two-degree-of-freedom model are employed in this chapter to demonstrate the concept of dynamic stability for the extreme cases of the ideal impulse and sudden constant load of infinite duration. These models are typical of imperfection-sensitive structural configurations. They are kept as simple as possible, so that the emphasis can easily be placed on the concepts rather than on complex mathematical theories. For each model, the static stability analysis, based on the total potential energy approach, is given in detail. In addition, the total energy-phase plane approach is used for one model. For the same model, the equations of motion approach is also used, for demonstration and comparison purposes. The main emphasis, though, is placed on the total potential energy approach.
Beyond contention: urban social movements and their multiple approaches to secure transformation

This paper explores the strategies of social movement organizations working in towns and cities of the global South to secure justice for their members and address poverty and inequality. The paper...
CRPS: what's in a name? Taxonomy, epidemiology, neurologic, immune and autoimmune considerations.

This account of the condition now termed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) spans approximately 462 years since a description embodying similar clinical features was described by Ambroise Pare in 1557. While reviewing its historical origins, the text describes why it became necessary to change the taxonomies of two clinical syndromes with similar pathophysiologies to one which acknowledges this aspect but does not introduce any mechanistic overtones. Discussed at length is the role of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and why its dysfunction has both directly and indirectly influenced our understanding of the inflammatory aspects of CRPS. As the following article will show, our knowledge has expanded in an exponential fashion to include musculoskeletal, immune, autoimmune, central and peripheral nervous system and ANS dysfunction, all of which increase the complexity of its clinical management. A burgeoning literature is beginning to shed light on the mechanistic aspects of these syndromes and the increasing evidence of a genetic influence on such factors as autoimmunity, and its importance is also discussed at length. An important aspect that has been missing from the diagnostic criteria is a measure of disease severity. The recent validation of a CRPS Severity Score is also included.
Presenting symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease: descriptive analysis of a community-based inception cohort

Few data are currently available on the initial presenting symptoms of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the initial symptom presentation of patients with IBD in the Ocean State Crohn’s and Colitis Area Registry (OSCCAR), a community-based inception cohort that enrolled Rhode Island IBD patients at time of diagnosis with longitudinal follow up. A 41-question symptom inventory was administered at time of enrollment to capture symptoms experienced during the 4 weeks preceding diagnosis of IBD. Frequencies of presenting symptoms were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) with promax rotation was used to examine possible symptom profiles among Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, respectively. Using the Scree plot, the 4-component solution was found to be optimal for both CD and UC. A total of 233 CD and 150 UC patients were included. The most common presenting symptoms in CD were tiredness/fatigue (80.6%) and abdominal pain (80.4%) while passage of blood with bowel movements (BM) (86.6%) and loose/watery BMs (86.5%) were most common in UC. The 5 symptoms with greatest differences between UC and CD were passage of blood with BM (UC 86.6%/CD 45.3%), urgent BM (UC 82.5%/CD 63.9%), passage of mucus with BM (UC 67.7%/CD 36.9%), passage of blood from the anus (UC 59.7%/CD 32.1%), and anxiety about distance from bathroom (UC 59%/CD 38.7%). The PCA analysis yielded a 4 symptom components solution for CD and UC. The most common presenting symptoms in CD are fatigue and abdominal pain while in UC bloody BM and diarrhea are most common. Distinct symptom phenotypes are seen with PCA analysis. Our study demonstrates symptomatic similarities and differences between CD and UC and suggests that patients may also be classified by symptom phenotype at time of diagnosis.
Writing, experience, and literary experience in Montaigne’s Essays and Sartre’s Nausea

This article begins with an analysis of the semantic, tropological, and metaphysical associations of our modern concept of “experience,” which distinguish its form and contents from other opposing concepts. These not only include such general notions as Reason, Education, and Science, they also point to how “experience” has been thought, and lived, in opposition to the verbal and representational media of texts, printed books, and writing in general. Deconstruction (Derrida) and media theory (McLuhan) provide us with ways of understanding how the emergence of our concept of “experience” relied on, as much as it opposed, the media of writing and books, and their surrounding practices and institutions (like reading and schooling). “Experience” per se is perhaps unthinkable without such media and their institutionalized practices. More than modern theory, however, it is one of the major functions of modern literature to display this relation of conflict and dependence, and, even, to embody it in its very form in literary writing. Beyond the opposition of writing and “experience” is thus posed the question of the nature of the equivocal concept of “literary experience.” What would such a thing entail? This article explores this concept through two texts that attempt to bring “experience” into their very form: Montaigne’s Essays and Sartre’s Nausea.
The Transformation of Title IX: Regulating Gender Equality in Education

Title IX, enacted in 1972, forbids sex discrimination in education. More precisely, the statute requires that “[n]o person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from particip...
Spatial distancing reduces emotional arousal to reactivated memories

Memories are able to update and adapt with new information about the world after they are reactivated. However, it is unknown whether the labile period following reactivation makes episodic memories more amenable to emotion regulation, an application that holds great clinical promise. Here, we investigated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal to down regulate negative affect in response to reactivated memories. Healthy young adults (N = 119) rated the emotionality of negative pictures. After a partial reactivation of each picture 2 days later, participants voluntarily engaged in a spatial distancing regulation tactic by imagining the reactivated object extremely far away from them. Compared with no-regulation and no-reactivation controls, self-reported arousal for regulated pictures dropped significantly 2 days after the manipulation, despite no significant difference in memory accuracy or valence. These results open up a new line of work that capitalizes on reactivation-based lability to selectively alter enduring arousal responses to emotional memories.
Citizen Participation in Transportation Planning

At a 1972 national conference sponsored by the National Academy of Science Transportation Research Board, citizen participation in transportation planning in the United States was defined as: “An open process in which the rights of the community to be informed, to influence, and to get a response from government are reflected and, in which a representative cross section of affected citizens interact with appointed and elected officials on issues of transportation supply at all stages of planning and development. The participants in the process identify and examine all reasonable alternatives and their consequences to assist the appropriate decision makers in choosing the course that they believe is needed and that they feel will best serve the needs and objectives of the community”
Coarctation of the Aorta: Open Your Heart to Me, Baby

This chapter reviews undiagnosed congenital heart disease. The most common is coarctation of the aorta. This life-threatening condition requires prompt recognition and intervention. A patient with critical coarctation may present suddenly at the time a patent ductus arteriosus suddenly closes. This presence of a heart murmur in conjunction with weak pulses in the lower extremities, listlessness, and a history of poor feed can be big clues to the diagnosis. The EKG may show right ventricular hypertrophy, and the chest X-ray may show cardiomegaly. Prompt resuscitation is paramount, and the initiation of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) should be done immediately upon suspicion of the diagnosis.
Constrained Manipulability for Humanoid Robots Using Velocity Polytopes

Robot performance measures are important tools for quantifying the ability to carry out manipulation tasks. Generally, these measures examine the system’s kinematic transformations from configurati...
Rethinking schooling for development in wageless times

In development discourse, schools are charged with readying the labor force for imminent job creation, which will lead to full employment. However, I argue that policy goals which aim toward full-e...
"Reliable Sources" in Cable News: Analyzing Network Fragmentation in Coverage of Reform Policy.

News coverage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and President Obama’s announced Clean Power Plan (CPP) served as data for two case studies. Social network analysis was used ...