cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Driving reduction after the introduction of light rail transit: Evidence from an experimental-control group evaluation of the Los Angeles Expo Line:

There is a pressing need to estimate the magnitude and dynamics of the behavioural effects of transportation investments and policy. This article innovates by applying an experimental-control group research design to the case of new light rail transit service in Los Angeles, California. Only a handful of previous studies use an experimental design to assess impacts of light rail transit, and this is the first to use an experimental design to measure impacts on vehicle miles travelled, a key determinant of greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. We administered an annual seven-day travel study to a panel of households in the vicinity of Los Angeles’ Expo light rail line before the 2012 start of rail service and twice after the line opened. We find that households living within walking distance (1 km) of the new light rail drove approximately 10 fewer miles per day relative to control households farther away. Rail transit trips among near-station households approximately tripled relative to hous...
Why QBism is not the Copenhagen interpretation, lecture, Vienna, June 2014

Our students learn quantum mechanics the way they learn to ride bicycles (both very valuable accomplishments) without really knowing what they are doing. – J. S. Bell, letter to R. E. Peierls, 20/8/1980 I think we invent concepts, like “particle” or “Professor Peierls,” to make the immediate sense of data more intelligible. – J. S. Bell, letter to R. E. Peierls, 24/2/1983 I have the impression as I write this, that a moment ago I heard the bell of the tea trolley. But I am not sure because I was concentrating on what I was writing…. The ideal instantaneous measurements of the textbooks are not precisely realized anywhere anytime, and more or less realized, more or less all the time, more or less everywhere. – J. S. Bell, letter to R. E. Peierls, 28/1/1981 [1] For the past decade and a half Christopher Fuchs and Rudiger Schack (originally in collaboration with Carlton Caves) have been developing a new way to think about quantum mechanics. Fuchs and Schack have called it Qbism [2]. Their term originally stood for “quantum Bayesianism.” But QBism is a way of thinking about science quite generally, not just quantum physics [3], and it is pertinent even when probabilistic judgments, and therefore “Bayesianism,” play no role at all. I nevertheless retain the term QBism, both to acknowledge the history behind it, and because a secondary meaning remains apt in the broader context: QBism is as big a break with 20th-century ways of thinking about science as cubism was with 19th-century ways of thinking about art. QBism maintains that my understanding of the world rests entirely on the experiences that the world has induced in me throughout the course of my life. Nothing beyond my personal experience underlies the picture that I have formed of my own external world. This is a statement of empiricism. But it is empiricism taken more seriously than most scientists are willing to do. To state that my understanding of the world rests on my experience is not to say that my world exists only within my head, as recent popularizations of QBism have wrongly asserted [4]. Among the ingredients from which I construct my picture of my external world is the impact of that world on my experience, when it responds to the actions that I take on it.
Some Thoughts on the Evolution of the Neandertals

This chapter presents some thoughts on the evolution of the Neandertals. The fossil record for the Neandertals and their temporal and spatial neighbors from the Middle and Upper Pleistocene indicates a mosaic of evolutionary change and stability. From the Middle Pleistocene to the middle of the last glacial, there was relatively slow change in human anatomy and the associated behavioral patterns. Some functional complexes, particularly those associated with mastication, changed gradually toward a more gracile condition, whereas others, especially those concerned with manipulation and locomotion, changed very little. This period, characterized by archaic Homo sapiens morphology and paleocultural behavioral patterns, was replaced relatively rapidly approximately 35,000–40,000 years ago by an anatomical and behavioral complex that was close to those of recent hunter-gatherers. The Neandertals, therefore, represent the end of the period of human evolution that provides the background for the emergence of modern humans.
Axisymmetric evaluation of analytic potentials around thin disks

Axisymmetric potential fields among disk conductors are an important consideration for evaluation and testing of near field electric field gradients in electrical systems. As contrasted with numeri...
Ellipsoids for contextual dynamic pricing

We study the dynamic pricing problem faced by a firm selling differentiated products. At each period, the firm receives a new product, which is described by a vector of features. The firm needs to choose prices, but it does not know a priori the market value of the different features. We first consider an algorithm that we call PolytopePricing, but prove that it incurs worst-case regret that scales exponentially in the dimensionality of the feature space. We then consider a closely related algorithm, EllipsoidPricing, and show it incurs low regret with regards to both the time horizon and the dimensionality of the feature space. For more details, we refer the reader to our full paper.
Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care

Transition of care is emerging as an increasingly important clinical focus for young adult patients with chronic conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Transition from pediatric to adult care is not simply a transfer of patient care from one health-care provider to another. It is a dynamic process defined as the purposeful planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic physical and medical conditions from child-centered to adult-oriented health-care systems. Several factors are involved in ensuring a successful transition, including education, communication, and ongoing preparation, to strengthen self-management skills, confidence, and independence. Effective transition requires a multidisciplinary and coordinated approach to ensure successful “graduation,” which is marked by independence, effective self-management, and establishment of care with an adult gastroenterologist and adult medical care team. This chapter will review current data, trends, and recommendations for this evolving subspecialty in IBD care.
Errors Associated With Utilizing Prescribed Scapular Kinematics to Estimate Unconstrained, Natural Upper Extremity Motion in Musculoskeletal Modeling

Musculoskeletal modeling is capable of estimating physiological parameters that cannot be directly measured, however, the validity of the results must be assessed. Several models utilize a scapular rhythm to prescribe kinematics, yet it is unknown how well they replicate natural scapular motion. This study evaluated kinematic errors associated with a model that employs a scapular rhythm using 2 shoulder movements: abduction and forward reach. Two versions of the model were tested: the original MoBL ARMS model that utilizes a scapular rhythm, and a modified MoBL ARMS model that permits unconstrained scapular motion. Model estimates were compared against scapulothoracic kinematics directly measured from motion capture. Three-dimensional scapulothoracic resultant angle errors associated with the rhythm model were greater than 10° for abduction (mean: 16.4°, max: 22.4°) and forward reach (mean: 11.1°, max: 16.5°). Errors generally increased with humerothoracic elevation with all subjects reporting greater tha...
How do social norms influence prosocial development

Humans are both highly prosocial and extremely sensitive to social norms, and some theories suggest that norms are necessary to account for uniquely human forms of prosocial behavior and cooperation. Understanding how norms influence prosocial behavior is thus essential if we are to describe the psychology and development of prosocial behavior. In this article I review recent research from across the social sciences that provides (1) a theoretical model of how norms influence prosocial behavior, (2) empirical support for the model based on studies with adults and children, and (3) predictions about the psychological mechanisms through which norms shape prosocial behavior. I conclude by discussing the need for future studies into how prosocial behavior develops through emerging interactions between culturally varying norms, social cognition, emotions, and potentially genes.
Behavioral economic analysis of the effects of N-substituted benztropine analogs on cocaine self-administration in rats

Benztropine (BZT) analogs and other atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors selectively decrease cocaine self-administration at doses that do not affect responding maintained by other reinforcers. Those effects were further characterized in the current study using a behavioral economic assessment of how response requirement (price) affects reinforcers obtained (consumption) in rats. Two groups of rats were trained to press levers with food (45-mg pellet) or cocaine (0.32 mg/kg/injection) reinforcement under fixed-ratio (FR) 5-response schedules. In selected sessions, the FR requirement was increased (5–80) during successive 20-min components to determine demand curves, which plot consumption against price. An exponential function was fitted to the data to derive the consumption at zero price (Q 0) and the rate of decrease in consumption (essential value, EV) with increased price. The BZT analogs, AHN1-055, AHN2-005, JHW007 (3.2–10 or 17.8 mg/kg, each), vehicle, or comparison drugs (methylphenidate, ketamine), were administered i.p. before selected demand-curve determinations. Consumption of cocaine or food decreased with increased FR requirement. Each drug shifted the demand curve rightward at the lowest doses and leftward/downward at higher doses. The effects on EV and Q 0 were greater for cocaine than for food-reinforced responding. Additionally, the effects of the BZT analogs on EV and Q 0 were greater than those obtained with a standard dopamine transport inhibitor, methylphenidate, and the NMDA antagonist, ketamine (1.0–10.0 mg/kg, each). With these latter drugs, the demand-curve parameters were affected similarly with cocaine and food-maintained responding. The current findings, obtained using a behavioral economic assessment, suggest that BZT analogs selectively decrease the reinforcing effectiveness of cocaine.
Accessible Making: Designing Makerspaces for Accessibility

The purpose of makerspaces is to increase access to “making” among the general community. Because of this social justice orientation, it is important to consider how welcoming and accessible makerspaces are to individuals with diverse abilities, including individuals with disabilities. This design brief examines a three-step process used to make a university-based makerspace more accessible and welcoming to individuals with disabilities including a tour, design activity, and brainstorming session. The process helps identify simple changes that were made to the makerspace, as well as increasing student, faculty, and community access. Using a similar process, other makerspaces could improve the accessibility of their spaces, procedures, and tools.
Circadian Rhythms in the Invertebrate Retina

Sunlight is 100 million times more intense than starlight. Survival often requires an ability to see specific features of the environment over this wide range of illumination. Animals achieve this extraordinary feat by adapting their visual sensitivity to the ambient level of illumination.
Quality of life in long-term cancer survivors.

Purpose/objectives To describe the quality of life (QOL) of long-term cancer survivors. Design Descriptive, mailed survey. Setting Membership of the National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship (NCCS), which is a nonprofit, peer-support network for people living with cancer. Sample 687 (57%) of the 1,200 members of NCCS completed the survey. The mean age of the sample was 49.6 years; 81% were female. The predominant cancer diagnoses were breast (43%), lymphoma (9%), ovarian (8%), and Hodgkin's disease (8%). Methods Mailed survey using three instruments: a demographic tool, the Quality of Life-Cancer Survivors (QOL-CS) tool, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) tool. Main research variables Subscale and individual items of QOL including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being. Findings Results include areas of positive effects for cancer survivors and continued demands of survivorship. Based on scoring of 0 (worst outcome) to 10 (best outcome), cancer survivors' mean QOL-CS subscores were 5.88 for psychological well-being, 6.59 for spiritual well-being, 6.62 for social well-being, and 7.78 for physical well-being. Several demographic factors (e.g., evidence of active disease; female gender; presence of spouse/partner or children; length of time since diagnosis; income) had significant influence on QOL. Conclusions Cancer survivors experienced altered lives and had needs related to fear of recurrence and facing the spiritual aspects of having survived a life-threatening illness. Implications for nursing practice The growing population of cancer survivors has long-term needs for nursing care that address multidimensional aspects of QOL.
Analysis of the role of AML1-ETO in leukemogenesis, using an inducible transgenic mouse model

As reported previously, AML1-ETO knock-in mice were generated to investigate the role of AML1-ETO in leukemogenesis and to mimic the progression of t(8;21) leukemia. These knock-in mice died in midgestation because of hemorrhaging in the central nervous system and a block of definitive hematopoiesis during embryogenesis. Therefore, they are not a good model system for the development of acute myeloid leukemia. Therefore, mice were generated in which the expression of AML1-ETO is under the control of a tetracycline-inducible system. Multiple lines of transgenic mice have been produced with the AML1-ETO complementary DNA controlled by a tetracycline-responsive element. In the absence of the antibiotic tetracycline, AML1-ETO is strongly expressed in the bone marrow of AML1-ETO and tet-controlled transcriptional activator double-positive transgenic mice. Furthermore, the addition of tetracycline reduces AML1-ETO expression in double-positive mice to nondetectable levels. Throughout the normal murine lifespan of 24 months, mice expressing AML1-ETO have not developed leukemia. In spite of this, abnormal maturation and proliferation of progenitor cells have been observed from these animals. These results demonstrate that AML1-ETO has a very restricted capacity to transform cells. Either the introduction of additional genetic changes or the expression of AML1-ETO at a particular stage of hematopoietic cell differentiation will be necessary to develop a model for studying the pathogenesis of t(8;21).
Emerging mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division

The asymmetric cell division of stem cells, which produces one stem cell and one differentiating cell, has emerged as a mechanism to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Elaborate cellular mechanisms that orchestrate the processes required for asymmetric cell divisions are often shared between stem cells and other asymmetrically dividing cells. During asymmetric cell division, cells must establish asymmetry/polarity, which is guided by varying degrees of intrinsic versus extrinsic cues, and use intracellular machineries to divide in a desired orientation in the context of the asymmetry/polarity. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge on the mechanisms of asymmetric cell divisions, revealing the previously unappreciated complexity in setting up the cellular and/or environmental asymmetry, ensuring binary outcomes of the fate determination. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the mechanisms and regulations of asymmetric stem cell division.
Dilemmas in diagnosis and early management of coeliac disease

Abstract Serological screening tests have improved the detection of coeliac disease immensely but duodenal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis in most children. This article deals with the challenges of using the new triple test in diagnosis as well as some of the commonly seen dilemmas associated with diagnosis and early management of coeliac disease.
Neuropalliative Care: An Introduction

Fifty years ago, Dame Cicely Saunders started the hospice movement emphasizing that there is so much more to be done, when patients with cancer and other terminal illnesses were being told there was nothing more. By easing symptom burden, by giving dying patients the opportunity to say ‘thank you’ and ‘sorry’ to family and friends, by improving the quality rather than the quantity of life, and by not ‘giving up’ on dying patients, the hospice movement revolutionized end-of-life care. Palliative care is a philosophy of care for patients with serious illness and their families that was born with the hospice movement, with the difference that palliative care is not limited to patients nearing the end of life, but is appropriate at any age, stage of illness, or prognosis. Palliative care is now revolutionizing medical care by placing a central focus on helping patients and their families lead a good life across the continuum of the disease, from the time of diagnosis until death. Focused on improving communication about goals of care and maximizing comfort and quality of life, palliative care is both a medical subspecialty as well as an approach to medical care that can and should be incorporated into the care of all patients with serious illness.
A Comparison of Kyphoplasty, Vertebroplasty, or Non-Surgical Treatment of Traumatic/Atraumatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Short Review.

Background Although the majority of patients with traumatic/atraumatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) may be managed with non-surgical treatment (NST), a subset (e.g. 40%) with significant pain, loss of vertebral height, and other factors may warrant percutaneous vertebroplasty (V), or percutaneous kyphoplasty (K). Methods We compared the impact of these three treatment modalities, V, K, or NST, for managing OVCFs. Results In several studies, both V and K resulted in comparable improvement in pain relief, postoperative kyphotic angles, increased anterior vertebral heights, and frequency of leakage of bone cement. One study evaluating 16 RCT's (Randomized Controlled Studies), however, observed K significantly; "decreased the kyphotic wedge angle, increased the postoperative vertebral body height, and decreased the risk of cement leakage vs. V". Further, in some series, both V and K resulted in higher quality of life scores and better pain relief vs. NST, while other studies showed V was superior to K. Further, although the risk of adjacent level fractures (ALF) following V, K, and NST were comparable in most studies, one clearly demonstrated NST had the lowest incidence of ALF. Despite all these findings, most studies concluded outcomes were comparable for all 3 groups. Conclusions Although most OVCFs are still managed with non-surgical treatment (NST), a subset (e.g. about 40%) may warrant V or K. Although both V and K have been shown to result in significantly better pain relief, higher quality of life scores, increased postoperative vertebral body height compared with NST, outcomes for all 3 groups remained the same.
Family member death among formerly incarcerated persons.

Bereavement carries consequences for the health and socioeconomic well-being of surviving family members. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the current ...
The role of salvage lymph node dissection in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A single center experience

Abstract Objective To evaluate oncologic outcomes of patients with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for lymph nodes (LN)-only recurrence. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 23 (51.1%) patients who underwent sLND and 22 (48.9%) men who received ADT for LN-only recurrence. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >0.2 ng/ml with an increased trend and radiological recurrence (RAR) was defined as a positive imaging study after sLND or ADT. Second line systemic therapies (SST) were defined as any systemic therapy administered for progression. Predictors of BCR, RAR, and SST were assessed with Cox regression analyses. Results Mean PSA reduction was significantly higher after sLND than ADT (62.8% vs. 17.7%; P = 0.04). Clinical outcomes were not statistically different between the 2 groups. However, there was a trend toward a longer time to BCR (13.3 vs. 6 months; P = 0.2) and RAR (21.1 vs. 14.2 months, P = 0.09) in sLND patients than ADT. Median time to SST was longer in the sLND group than ADT (P = 0.04). Univariable Cox regression analyses showed that PSA doubling time and pT stage were associated with RAR and SST (all P Conclusions In patients with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, sLND resulted in greater PSA decrease than ADT. We noted a nonstatistically significant trend toward longer time to BCR and longer time to RAR for patients treated with sLND than ADT. Additionally, sLND may increase time to SST as compared to ADT.
On Conquering Schizophrenia

iUniverse, Bloomington, IN, 2019 ISBN: 978-1-5320-6990-1Reviewed by Dr. Lora Humphrey Beebe, PhD, PMHNP-BC, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USAIn On Conquering Schizophrenia, Robert ...
Coordinated pricing for cars and transit in cities with hypercongestion

Urban street networks exhibit hypercongested traffic states in which flow and speed drop as vehicles crowd the network. An important feature of aggregate traffic models based on the macroscopic fundamental diagram is that the dynamics of congestion are represented in a physically realistic way. For peak demand in a city in which all travelers use cars, hypercongested states are known to be unstable in equilibrium. In real cities travelers are able to choose whether to use cars or public transit during a peak period. This paper presents a model of the equilibrium for cars and transit, recognizing that hypercongestion often arises when modes are not priced. It is shown that hypercongested traffic can be part of a stable, steady equilibrium state when cars and high-capacity transit are used simultaneously. The paper also shows that coordinated fixed prices for cars and transit can always prevent hypercongested traffic states from developing.
On Connection between Solutions in Different Weighted Spaces to One Singular Elliptic Boundary Value Problem

We study the properties of solutions in special weighted spaces to a nonhomogeneous boundary value problem in a planar angle for a singular elliptic equation of the second order with the differential Bessel operator ∂2/∂y2 + k∂/(y∂y), k > 0, one of the variables. Under some constraints on the weight exponents, the boundary value problem is correctly solvable. We establish a relation connecting the solutions of the problem belonging to the function spaces with different weights.
Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases in Children.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are ubiquitous and opportunistic emerging bacteria with the potential to colonize and eventually infect either immunocompromised or immunocompetent individuals. In the last three decades, the prevalence of disease caused by NTMs has increased in several countries. The increased prevalence of NTM infection can be explained by an ageing population with rising comorbidities, HIV infection, the common use of immunosuppressive drugs, and improved diagnostic methods. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the clinical relevance of NTMs in children, describing their features and manifestations, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic approaches. We collected data from the literature about NTM infections in young patients over the past five years (2014–2019) using the keywords “non-tuberculous”, “mycobacteria”, “paediatric”, “NTM”, “cystic fibrosis”, and “children”. Recent literature points out that NTMs are ubiquitous, with several species including both those that are pathogens for humans and those that are not. This means that, if a mycobacterium is isolated from a patient’s specimen, we have to distinguish between a simple colonization and an NTM-related disease. The start of treatment depends on many factors that are necessary to consider, such as clinical and imaging features, patient comorbidity and immunocompetence, drug adverse effects, and compliance with a very long therapy that can last many months. Due to the increasing prevalence and clinical relevance of NTMs, guidelines for their optimal management, especially in the presence of chronic underlying disease, are urgently needed.
Theoretical modeling on chemical composition and mechanical properties of well cement under carbonation reactions

Abstract This paper presents theoretical models of the phase transformation and the change of mechanical properties of oil well cement due to underground carbonation reactions. Application of oil well cement has become common practice in CO2 underground storage formations. However, the CO2 stored underground may leak through damaged well cement, and it can cause carbonation reactions which may significantly decrease the mechanical properties of well cement. Extensive research has been conducted by using experimental methods in laboratories to characterize the carbonation reactions of cement underground. However, no theoretical formulations have been developed considering the mechanical properties change due to the carbonation effect. In this paper, the CO2 profile was predicted first by the error function solution of a 1D CO2 diffusion equation and further the carbonation reaction rate was calculated. The phase transformation of well cement due to carbonation were then analyzed by using a stoichiometric model. After that, the changes of mechanical properties of well cement were modeled using a two-phase generalized self-consistent model at different scales. Specifically, the decrease of the elastic modulus of well cement during the carbonation process was used as an example application of the model. Finally, the modeling result was validated with published experimental results.
Tagraxofusp Treatment: Implications for Patients With Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm.

Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, clinically aggressive, and often fatal hematologic malignancy. BPDCN is not a new entity, but it has been renamed and reclassified, which, in part, contributes to it being underrecognized. In 2018, tagraxofusp became the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for BPDCN. Objectives This article aims to educate oncology nurses about tagraxofusp's dosing regimen, side effects, and how to manage patients undergoing treatment in inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods The authors reviewed content related to the safety and clinical management of tagraxofusp, as well as content that supports patient and provider education. Findings Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is the most serious adverse event reported with tagraxofusp; therefore, nurses should stop tagraxofusp administration until all CLS-related symptoms have resolved. Hypersensitivity reactions and hepatotoxicity have also been observed in patients treated with tagraxofusp and should be monitored during treatment cycles.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Count Criteria for Use of the BioFire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel in Immunocompromised and Non-immunocompromised Patients

ABSTRACT We implemented the BioFire® FilmArray® Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel (MEP) with guidance for use based on patient age, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) count and immune system status. MEPs results over two-years (1/1/2017 to 12/31/18) were reviewed and clinical significance of positive MEP results in patients with CSF WBC ≤ 10 evaluated. Overall, 12% (51/453) of MEPs were positive with 4/184 (2%) positive in non-immunocompromised (non-IC) with ≤ 10 CSF WBCs. Among positive results in non-IC patient with ≤ 10 CSF WBCs, none were judged clinically significant. Four of six results in immunocompromised patients with ≤ 10 CSF WBCs were clinically significant. Redundant testing was common and guideline adherence could have safely decreased MEPs use 41% saving >$56,000. Guideline adherence was poor and MEP use can be safely avoided in non-IC adults with
Extreme value theory and the financial crisis of 2008

The paper offers an alternative approach to analyzing stock market time series data. The purpose is to develop descriptive, more intuitive, and closer to reality analogs of the behavior of US stock market prices, as indexed by the S&P500 stock price index covering the period October 2003 to October 2008. One analog developed is the “escalator principle” and the blind man. The approach is to treat prices as a random and independent variable and use extreme value theory to judge probabilistically whether prices and their attributes are from an initial universe or whether there has been a regime change. The attributes include the level, first difference, second difference and third difference of the ordered price series. Various graphing tools are used, such as, probability paper and different specifications of exponential functions representing cumulative probability distributions. The argument is that traditional time-series analysis implies a given universe, usually normal with either a constant or time-dependent variance (or measureable risk) and consequently does not handle well uncertainty (non-measureable risk) due to regime changes. The analogs show the investor how to determine when a regime change has likely occurred.
The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Neuroblastoma

In 1977 Hornstein et al1 reported the occurrence of adrenal carcinoma in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome. Recently Seeler et al2 noted a ganglioneuroblastoma in a child with fetal hydantoin-alcohol syndromes. The association of neural crest tumors with fetal hydantoin syndrome now appears established.2 The following case suggests an association with neoplasia may also exist for fetal alcohol syndrome. CASE REPORT Clinical Summary T.E. was the 1,360 gm product of a 35-week gestation born to a 30-year old, black primigravida. At 11 days of age the patient was transferred to Duke Hospital for evaluation of multiple congenital anomalies and repair of a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia.
Distributivity in Quandles and Quasigroups

Distributivity in algebraic structures appeared in many contexts such as in quasigroup theory, semigroup theory and algebraic knot theory. In this paper we give a survey of distributivity in quasigroup theory and in quandle theory.
What Is Your Philosophical Disposition? Standard X: The Teacher Has Developed an In-Depth Foundational Philosophy

Dispositions are the values, commitments, and professional ethics that influence behaviors toward students, families, colleagues, and communities and affect student learning, motivation, and development as well as the educator’s own professional growth. Dispositions are guided by beliefs and attitudes related to values such as caring, fairness, honesty, responsibility, and social justice. For example, they might include a belief that all students can learn, a vision of high and challenging standards, or a commitment to a safe and supportive learning environment.
NUTRITION OF CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS III. Specific Growth Requirements of Polysphondylium pallidum

Hohl, Hans-Rudolf (University of Wisconsin, Madison), and Kenneth B. Raper. Nutrition of cellular slime molds. III. Specific growth requirements of Polysphondylium pallidum. J. Bacteriol. 86:1314-1320. 1963.-Soluble media for the axenic growth of certain strains of Polysphondylium pallidum are described. One of the media, referred to as the complex medium, was composed of 2% tryptose and 4% serum albumin in an inorganic salt solution. Cell densities of up to 10(7) myxamoebae per ml were obtained. Supplementing this medium with amino acids, vitamins, nucleic acid bases, and glucose resulted in growth of strain Pan-17 up to 3 x 10(7) cells per ml with a generation time during the log phase of about 4.5 hr. A defined medium was subsequently developed that allowed growth of strain Fr-47 up to 2 x 10(6) to 5.5 x 10(6) myxamoebae per ml in the presence of 1% serum albumin. The base medium contained the following essential nutrients: six amino acids (glycine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and tyrosine), riboflavine, purines and pyrimidines, and a carbohydrate (dextrose) dissolved in an inorganic salt solution containing trace elements.
Chemokine-Like Receptor 1 Expression and Chemerin-Directed Chemotaxis Distinguish Plasmacytoid from Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Human Blood

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are versatile cells of the immune response, secreting type I IFNs and differentiating into potent immunogenic or tolerogenic APCs. pDCs can express adhesion and chemokine receptors for lymphoid tissues, but are also recruited by unknown mechanisms during tissue inflammation. We use a novel mAb specific for serpentine chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) to evaluate its expression by circulating leukocytes in humans. We show that CMKLR1 is expressed by circulating pDCs in human blood, whereas myeloid DCs (mDCs) as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils are negative. We identify a major serum agonist activity for CMKLR1 as chemerin, a proteolytically activated attractant and the sole known ligand for CMKLR1, and we show that chemerin is activated during blood coagulation and attracts pDC but not mDC in ex vivo chemotaxis assays. We conclude that CMKLR1 expression and chemerin-mediated chemotaxis distinguish circulating pDCs from mDCs, providing a potential mechanism for their differential contribution to or regulation of immune responses at sites of bleeding or inflammatory protease activity.
Dimeric CRISPR RNA-Guided FokI-dCas9 Nucleases Directed by Truncated gRNAs for Highly Specific Genome Editing

Monomeric clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated 9 (Cas9) nucleases have been widely adopted for simple and robust targeted genome editing but also have the potential to induce high-frequency off-target mutations. In principle, two orthogonal strategies for reducing off-target cleavage, truncated guide RNAs (tru-gRNAs) and dimerization-dependent RNA-guided FokI-dCas9 nucleases (RFNs), could be combined as tru-RFNs to further improve genome editing specificity. Here we identify a robust tru-RFN architecture that shows high activity in human cancer cell lines and embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we demonstrate that tru-gRNAs reduce the undesirable mutagenic effects of monomeric FokI-dCas9. Tru-RFNs combine the advantages of two orthogonal strategies for improving the specificity of CRISPR/Cas nucleases and therefore provide a highly specific platform for performing genome editing.
A Review of: “FORENSIC NURSING”

The marriage of psychiatry and nursing was one of the earliest forms of forensic nursing. For centuries, psychiatric nurses have provided care for individuals who were victims of crime as well as i...
Evaluation of the BBL MGIT (Mycobacterial growth indicator tube) AST SIRE system for antimycobacterial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to 4 primary antituberculous drugs.

Abstract Objective.—To evaluate the performance of the BBL MGIT (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube) AST SIRE system for the antimycobacterial susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (at a concentration equivalent to the lower concentration used for testing by the method of proportion), rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. Design.—Thirty-one clinical isolates and 30 challenge strains provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were tested by MGIT AST SIRE using 2 methods of inoculum preparation, and results were compared with those of the method of proportion, which was considered the reference method. Clinical isolates for which the results of the 2 methods were discordant also were tested at 2 reference laboratories. Results.—Based on data from our site and the reference laboratories, agreement rates between initial MGIT AST SIRE results and the method of proportion for the clinical isolates with the inoculum prepared from a McFarland equivalent and fro...
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescents with Open Physes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions performed in adolescents with open physes and a skeletal age of at least 14 years. At one center, from 1992 to 1996, 19 adolescents (ages, 11 to 15 years) with open physes and a skeletal age of at least 14 years underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an Achilles tendon allograft placed through drill holes across the open physes in both the distal femur and proximal tibia. Fifteen patients returned for reevaluation at an average of 25 months postoperatively (range, 12 to 60 months); the remaining four patients were interviewed by telephone. There were no significant leg-length discrepancies or angular deformities as determined by scanograms and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the femur and tibia. The mean Lysholm knee score was 97 (range, 94 to 100) and the mean KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference at 20 pounds of anterior force was 1.7 mm (range, 0.0 to 3.0). All patients were satisfied with the results of surgery, and 16 of 19 patients returned to the same sport they were participating in before the injury. This study demonstrates that anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an Achilles tendon allograft is a viable treatment option for skeletally immature patients with a skeletal age of 14 years who have sustained midsubstance tears of the anterior cruciate ligament.
The problem with the Paleozoic

Unfossiliferous marine sedimentary rocks of Phanerozoic age are known to all field-oriented paleontologists. These troublesome units are often encountered in the field, perhaps cursed roundly for a moment or two, and usually shrugged off in pursuit of the next fossiliferous interval. Paleontologists tend not to discuss barren units, and they rarely publish on the absence of a fauna from what appears to be unaltered marine rock. But aren't barren marine sediments revealing something important about their paleoenvironment and possibly about the paleoenvironments of conformably adjacent fossil-bearing units? Shouldn't paleontologists be just as interested in knowing the locations and ages of unfossiliferous sediments as they are fossiliferous strata? In this essay, I discuss the possible environmental significance of barren marine sediment and present preliminary data to suggest that its frequency may have varied considerably during the Phanerozoic. I also present evidence to suggest that this variation is associated with shifts in the prevailing location of preserved marine sediment accumulation from expansive epicontinental seas to comparatively narrow continental shelves. Finally, I propose that such shifts in the physiographic contexts of marine shelf habitats and their preserved sediments are associated with oceanographic effects that have greatly influenced environmental and biological evolution, the character of the fossil record, and our perception of marine biodiversity and macroevolution at many different temporal and spatial scales.
Application of a 16S rRNA PCR–High-Resolution Melt Analysis Assay for Rapid Detection of Salmonella Bacteremia

Current culture and phenotypic protocols for diagnosing Salmonella infections can be time-consuming. Here, we describe the application of a 16S rRNA PCR coupled to high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) for species and serotype identification within 6 h of blood sample collection from a patient with Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis bacteremia.
Statistical design and analysis of multiply-instrumented control systems

It is the purpose of this paper to show how Wiener's linear least-square filter theory may be applied to some common types of multiply-instrumented control systems. By multiply-instrumented control systems are meant those in which more than one sensing instrument is used.
Two New Species of Cytherinae (Ostracoda) From Central California1)

[Description de deux especes nouvelles d'Ostracodes, Spinileberis hyalinus et Pectocythere tomalensis. La sousfamille des Pectocytherinae Hanai est decrite comme une tribu dans la sous-famille des Cytherinae., Description de deux especes nouvelles d'Ostracodes, Spinileberis hyalinus et Pectocythere tomalensis. La sousfamille des Pectocytherinae Hanai est decrite comme une tribu dans la sous-famille des Cytherinae.]
Menstrual cycles and criminal responsibility

Since at least the turn of the century, there have been reports indicating that women have an increased tendency toward criminal behavior during certain phases of the menstrual cycle. Recently these reports have served as the basis for a proposal to expand the insanity defense to recognize the impact of menstrual cycles in diminishing criminal responsibility. This paper reviews the empirical literature on the link between menstruation and crime and raises several critical questions regarding interpretation of this data. In light of these questions it is suggested that at this time an insanity defense based on menstrual symptomology would be inappropriate.
Does HIV "Piggyback" on CD4-like Surface Proteins of Sperm, Viruses, and Bacteria? Implications for Co-transmission, Cellular Tropism and the Induction of Autoimmunity in AIDS

Coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), EBV, and HTLV or sperm proteins act synergistically to enhance infectivity and replication and expand cellular tropism. While some aspects of these synergisms are understood, others are not. We have found that membrane or surface proteins of CMV, HTLV, EBV and sperm proteins share large regions of similarity with the CD4 protein of T-helper lymphocytes. Since HIV uses CD4 as a receptor, it may bind to CD4 homologues on CMV, HTLV, EBV or sperm proteins. HIV could then "piggyback" with these viruses into cells with which it normally has no tropism. Similarly, HIV may expand the cellular tropism of CMV, or EBV. Such a piggyback mechanism may provide insight into the formation or presentation of CD4-like antigens from CMV, HTLV, EBV and sperm proteins with class II MHC-like antigens on HIV (gp160 and Nef proteins) and may break immunological tolerance, inducing the autoimmunity observed against both CD4+ and class II MHC+ T cells in AIDS patients.
Taking stock of schema theory

Abstract In recent years, many political scientists (e.g., Richard Lau, David Sears, Ruth Hamill, Milton Lodge, and Doris Graber) have begun to adopt the language and concepts of schema theory in their researches into public opinion and political behavior. Despite the great claims which have been made for the schema approach, the authors argue that to date little new knowledge has been produced by this particular research program. Although the authors acknowledge the possible contribution schema theory may make in future studies, they point to the need to guard against theoretical displacement within the discipline.
The Problem with Curriculum and Pedagogy

(2005). The Problem with Curriculum and Pedagogy. Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 67-82.
Proof-scripts as a lens for exploring students’ understanding of odd/even functions

Abstract A group of prospective mathematics teachers was asked to imagine a conversation with a student centered on a particular proof regarding odd/even functions and produce a script of this imagined dialog. These scripts provided insights into the script-writers’ mathematical knowledge as well as insights into what they perceive as potential difficulties for their students. The paper focuses on the script-writers’ understandings of derivative and of even/odd functions.
Doctors’ surgeries ‐ the business implications affecting valuation

In the National Health Service, 90 per cent of patient contact takes place in primary care, i.e. in the general practitioner’s (GP) surgery. As the future of the NHS is to be based more and more on a primary‐care‐led system, the GP’s surgery is to play an increasingly important role and is likely to expand in size, making it even more essential for valuers to have a proper knowledge of both the business side of primary care and the requirements and design features of a surgery. Examines the business side of primary care and the bearing it has on the valuation of surgeries. Presents a valuation approach as a guide to valuing surgeries, taking into account such factors as the physical aspects of the surgery and the financial viability of the practice.
Objectives of art education: The impact of time

(1975). Objectives of art education: The impact of time. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 180-186.
Bilateral differences in skin resistance and vasomotor activity.

Bilateral basal skin resistance (BSR) and bilateral photoplethysmographic vasomotor measures were obtained for 16 Ss. Ten Ss were found to have bilateral differences in BSR. The direction of these differences was not related to handedness. Bilateral differences in vasomotor resting levels, variability, and reactivity were also observed in the majority of Ss. Some relationships among bilateral patterns of vasomotor responsivity and BSR emerged. Thus, the side of the body having lower BSR was identical to the side with the lesser vasomotor constriction during experimental stress (breath holding). Also, the side of the body having the lower vasomotor amplitude had less vasomotor variability. The findings suggest that asymmetry of autonomic activity is typical rather than atypical for the normal individual, and that various autonomic variables form patterns of asymmetry.
Growing season precipitation from D/H ratios of Eastern White Pine

The search for climatic information from the hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of tree rings has produced mixed results1–6. Systematic changes in the D/H ratio with changing climate have been demonstrated7, although relationships between climate change and the D/H ratio in tree rings from a single tree have been claimed, the interpretation of these data still causes controversy. Here we report that there is a strong correlation between both the D/H ratio of summer rain and tree ring cellulose from Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.), and the amount of precipitation between May and August.