cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Spanwise Rotating Channel With Two Opposite Rib-Roughened Walls

Liquid crystals are used in this experimental investigation to measure the heat transfer coefficient in a spanwise rotating channel with two opposite rib-roughened walls. The ribs (also called turbulence promoters or turbulators) are configured in a staggered arrangement with an angle of attack to the mainstream flow, α, of 90° for all cases. Results are presented for three values of turbulator blockage ratio, e/Dh (0.1333, 0.25, 0.333) and for a range of Reynolds numbers from 15,000 to 50,000 while the test section is rotated at different speeds to give Rotational Reynolds numbers between 450 and 1800. The Rossby number range is 10 to 100 (Rotation number of 0.1 to 0.01). The effect of turbulator blockage ratios on heat transfer enhancement is also investigated. Comparisons are made between the results of geometrically identical stationary and rotating passages of otherwise similar operating conditions. The results indicate that a significant enhancement in heat transfer is achieved in both the stationary and rotating cases, when the surfaces are roughened with turbulators. For the rotating case, a maximum increase over that of the stationary case of about 45% in the heat transfer coefficient is seen for a blockage ratio of 0.133 on the trailing surface in the direction of rotation and the minimum is a decrease of about 6% for a blockage ratio of 0.333 on the leading surface, for the range of rotation numbers tested. The technique of using liquid crystals to determine heat transfer coefficients in this investigation proved to be an effective and accurate method especially for nonstationary test sections.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
Effects of Si:P concentration ratios and nutrient limitation on the cellular composition and morphology of Asterionella formosa (Bacillariophyceae).

The freshwater diatom Asterionella formosa Haas. was grown in semicontinuous culture at 20°C under continuous cool-white fluorescent light of ca. 20 μEin · m−2· s ·−1 in a medium containing Si: P in various concentration ratios. The cell quotas of P and Si changed in relation to the available concentrations of P and Si at constant μ= 0.11 and 0.16 d−1. Under Si-limitation, the P cell quota increased by over an order of magnitude as the influent [Si:P] decreased. The Si cell quota increased with increase in [Si] in the influent medium, and it increased as [P] increased at a specific [Si]. Under P-limitation, the P cell quotas were fairly constant and low; the Si cell quotas were relatively high and decreased slightly as influent [P] and [Si] increased. Asterionella stored up to 28 times more P and 2 times more Si than needed. The number of Asterionella cells per colony varied as a function of the influent [Si:P] and nutrient limitation being usually less than or equal to 6 when P-limited, and greater than 10 when Si-limited.
Canonical aspects of adiabatic shear bands

It is demonstrated that, for relatively mild conditions on the thermal-viscous flow law, the structure of all adiabatic shear bands is the same within scalings that depend only on simple material properties. This fact in turn suggests that measurements made in the neighborhood of a band, together with the known canonical structure, may provide a window into material response under extreme conditions that are not accessible by ordinary laboratory means.
Effect of Varying Test Parameters on Elastic–plastic Properties Extracted by Nanoindentation Tests

A systematic experiment was performed in an effort to investigate how the levels of certain test parameters affect the values of elastic modulus, hardness, yield stress, and strain hardening constant obtained using nanoindentation test. Maximum applied load, loading (unloading) rate, and hold time at maximum load were varied at three levels. The effects of these testing parameters were investigated through a three-level, full factorial design of experiment. The experiments were conducted on ultrafine Al-Mg specimens that were mechanically extruded. Both longitudinal and transverse extrusion directions were examined to investigate effects of anisotropy on mechanical properties and evaluate the persistence of observed variations due to test parameters on different materials orientations. An indentation size effect (ISE) was observed demonstrating that maximum load—and thereby maximum indentation depth—can have a significant effect on values of hardness and elastic modulus. Hardness values decreased with higher loading rates, and higher rates of unloading resulted in higher values of elastic modulus (5–10 GPa increases). Strain-hardening exponent showed a decreasing trend with increasing loading rate while yield stress exhibited a consistent correlation to hardness across all studied parameters. The material exhibited very little creep during the hold period, and values of the calculated properties were not significantly altered by varying the length of the hold time. Anisotropy effect was observed, particularly in the values of yield strength. This is attributed to the preferred grain orientation due to extrusion.
Ethical Aspects of War Economics

AMERICAN ECONOMISTS are increasingly concerning themselves with the economics of war. It is generally recognized that a war economy is governed by somewhat different economic principles than a peace-time economy although an integrated theory of a war economy has not yet been constructed. The thesis of this article is that the construction of such a theory would involve a radical alteration in the value judgments of economists and has been delayed because of the reluctance of economists to make this change. The pressure of events, however, requires policy recommendations for a war economy; these, as will be demonstrated, sometimes indicate an unawareness of ethical considerations. The intellectual world of the American economist abhors war. Psychologically it rejects war. Although we may like to think of ourselves as dispassionate scientists, we are always also, to a greater or less degree, the product emotionally of our environment. Where logical analysis from given assumptions is required, the objective scholar may be relatively successful in developing his analysis uninfluenced by his cultural upbringing. But, in the making and especially in the subconscious accepting of the basic assumptions of a science, it is probably impossible so to divorce the preconditioning of the individual mind from these assumptions. A leading physicist has warned his colleagues that
High frequency modulation approach for the nonlinear seismo-acoustic detection of buried landmines

Buried in soil, landmines exhibit distinguishable nonlinear dynamic characteristics. These characteristics have been successfully used for nonlinear acoustic/seismic detection of both antipersonnel and antitank landmines. Despite a high potential of the nonlinear acoustic landmine detection technique, its utility is currently limited by a relatively high noise level of the LDV at frequencies typically used for landmine detection. To mitigate this limitation, we propose a modulation approach that exploits a nonlinear interaction of the low frequency resonance vibrations and higher frequency sound waves. The result of the modulation is manifested in a high frequency range as additional spectral components at the combination frequencies. The nonlinear response of the soil-mine dynamic system measured at the combination frequencies is used for the detection of the buried landmine. Exploring the higher frequency range has another benefit of using a directional high frequency sound source.
Clinical, Electrophysiological, and Serum Biochemical Measures of Progressive Neurological and Hepatic Dysfunction in Feline Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease characterized by neurologic dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, and early death. Natural history studies are very difficult to perform due to the low incidence and high heterogeneity of disease in the human population. Sixteen cats with a spontaneously occurring missense mutation in NPC1 were evaluated over time to define the progression of neurologic and hepatic disease. Affected cats had remarkably regular onsets of specific signs of cerebellar and vestibular system dysfunction with progressive severity of dysfunction quantified by postrotatory nystagmus and brain stem auditory evoked response measures. NP-C disease cats also showed increasing serum activity of alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, and cholesterol with advancing age. Affected cats lived to a mean age of 20.5 ± 4.8 wk. CNS and hepatic lesions were similar to those described in human patients. These data are the first to document progressive hepatic disease in the feline model and demonstrate the importance of liver disease as part of the NP-C disease phenotype. Both neurologic and hepatic measures of disease onset and severity can be used as a baseline with which to assess the efficacy of experimental therapies of NP-C disease in the feline model.
Summer heterothermy in Rafinesque’s big-eared bats ( Corynorhinus rafinesquii ) roosting in tree cavities in bottomland hardwood forests

Many small mammals are heterothermic endotherms capable of maintaining an elevated core body temperature or reducing their thermoregulatory set point to enter a state of torpor. Torpor can confer substantial energy savings, but also incurs ecological costs, such as hindering allocation of energy towards reproduction. We placed temperature-sensitive radio transmitters on 44 adult Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) and deployed microclimate dataloggers inside 34 day roosts to compare the use of torpor by different sex and reproductive classes of bats during the summer. We collected 324 bat-days of skin-temperature data from 36 females and 4 males. Reproductive females employed fewer torpor bouts per day than non-reproductive females and males (P < 0.0001), and pregnant and lactating females had higher average (P < 0.0001) and minimum (P < 0.0001) skin temperatures than non-reproductive females. Pregnant females spent less time torpid (P < 0.0001) than non-reproductive females, but lactating females used relatively deep, long torpor bouts. Microclimates varied inside tree species with different configurations of entrances to the roost cavity (P < 0.0001). Bats spent more time torpid when roosting in water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) trees possessing only a basal entrance to the cavity (P = 0.001). Of the tree species used as roosts, water tupelo cavities exhibited the least variable daytime and nighttime temperatures. These data demonstrate that use of summer torpor is not uniform among sex and reproductive classes in Rafinesque’s big-eared bat, and variation in microclimate among tree roosts due to species and structural characteristics facilitates the use of different thermoregulatory strategies in these bats.
Numerical Simulation with the NCAR Global Circulation Model of the Mean Conditions During the Asian-African Summer Monsoon

Abstract A global circulation model (GCM) developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) has been used to simulate the large-scale features of the Asian-African summer monsoon. The model has 6 vertical layers of 3-km thickness with a 2½° horizontal latitude-longitude grid. The physical processes incorporated are solar and infrared radiation, with cloudiness explicitly calculated from a model-generated relative humidity distribution. The latent heat released from precipitation is derived from stable lifting and cumulus convection. Also included in the model are subgrid-scale vertical and horizontal transports of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat. We compare the computed sea-level pressure, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation patterns with. observed data and, in particular, concentrate on the strong low-level monsoon jet near eastern Kenya and Somalia. The model correctly simulates this jet in position; however, the wind maxima are weaker than observed. Because of the relatively coa...
Non-additive interactions between mitochondrial complex IV blockers and hypoxia in rat carotid body responses.

Abstract The metabolic hypothesis of carotid body chemoreceptor hypoxia transduction proposes an impairment of ATP production as the signal for activation. We hypothesized that mitochondrial complex IV blockers and hypoxia would act synergistically in exciting afferent nerve activity. Following a pre-treatment with low dosage sodium cyanide (10–20 μM), the hypoxia-induced nerve response was significantly reduced along with hypoxia-induced catecholamine release. However, in isolated glomus cells, the intracellular calcium response was enhanced as initially predicted. This suggests a cyanide-mediated impairment in the step between the glomus cell intracellular calcium rise and neurotransmitter release from secretory vesicles. Administration of a PKC blocker largely reversed the inhibitory actions of cyanide on the neural response. We conclude that the expected synergism between cyanide and hypoxia occurs at the level of glomus cell intracellular calcium but not at downstream steps due to a PKC-dependent inhibition of secretion. This suggests that at least one regulatory step beyond the glomus cell calcium response may modulate the magnitude of chemoreceptor responsiveness.
Diazepam binding in brain after sleep and wakefulness

Abstract Membranes prepared from various regions of hamster brain following 50 min of non-rapid eye movement sleep or a comparable period of wakefulness exhibit no significant differences in [3H]diazepam binding. When 30,000 × g supernatant from the awake brain is added to the membrane the [3H]diazepam binding decreases drastically in the cerebral cortex. The binding decreases to a lesser extent in all other brain areas. The 30,000 × g supernatant obtained from the sleeping animals do not cause any such changes in the [3H]diazepam binding. Studies with membrane preparations (S1 fraction) not separated from its own supernatant demonstrate similar benzodiazepam binding inhibition in awake brain. [3H]diazepam binding gradually increases as sleeping time is prolonged. Scatchard analysis of the binding data suggest that in the presence of the supernatant from awake animals, the affinity of the receptor for [3H]diazepam decreases significantly, with no change in the maximum number of binding sites. These studies suggest the presence of a benzodiazepine binding inhibitor in the 30,000 × g supernatant prepared from awake animals. This inhibitor may be an endogenous benzodiazepine-like substance. Using benzodiazepine binding as a simple assay method, we are attempting to identify and characterize this wakefulness-related diazepam binding inhibitor.
Integrated connection-level and packet-level QoS controls over wireless mesh networks

This paper focuses on integrating connection-level and packet-level QoS controls over wireless mesh network (WMN) to support applications with diverse QoS performance requirements. At the connection-level, the dynamic guard based prioritized connection admission control (DG-PCAC) provides prioritized admission with relative connection blocking probabilities and end-to-end deterministic minimum bandwidth allocation guarantees. DG-PCAC is enabled by dynamic guard based logical link configuration controls (LCCs), which provides relative differentiated capacity limits for prioritized admission classes. At the packet-level, the optimal rate delay scheduler (ORDS) dynamically allocates link bandwidth to the admitted flows of prioritized traffic classes; with the objective to minimize deviation from relative delay targets with minimum bandwidth guarantees according to traffic classes. Two realizations of the ORDS are presented, namely optimal scheduling policy via dynamic programming (DP) algorithm, and neural network (NN) based heuristic to alleviate computational complexity. Performance results show that the DG-PCAC enables consistent performance guarantees under non-stationary arrivals of connection requests. Performance results also show that the performance of the NN based scheduling heuristic approaches to that of the DP based optimal ORDS scheme.
Taking it to the Streets: Responses of African American Young Adults to Internal Tobacco Industry Documents

Since the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 between 46 states and the major tobacco companies forced the release of over 30 million pages of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents, researchers have been exploring how information in the documents can be useful for advancing public health efforts. Previous research shows that the tobacco industry has made massive efforts to target marginalized communities, not only through typical advertising channels but also through establishing financial and other ties with influential leadership groups. However, no previous studies have explored how members of targeted groups might respond at the grassroots level to actual internal tobacco industry documents about such targeting. This exploratory focus group study, which invited urban African American participants to comment on previously secret internal tobacco industry documents, suggests that such documents may be useful in efforts to socially denormalize tobacco use, promote critical reflection about community targeting, and mobilize individuals toward quitting.
Differences in Visual Sensitivity Among Mindfulness Meditators and Non-Meditators

Tachistoscopic presentation of light flashes was used to test for differences in visual sensitivity among 3 groups of practitioners of Buddhist mindfulness meditation and non-meditator-controls. Me...
Constitutive laws, tensorial invariance and chocolate cake

Although constitutive modeling is a well-established branch of mathematics which has found wide industrial application, geophysicists often do not take full advantage of its known results. We present a synopsis of the theory of constitutive modeling, couched in terms of the ‘simple material’, which has been extensively studied and is complex enough to include most of the correct models proposed to describe the behavior of geological materials. Critical in the development of the theory are various invariance requirements, the principal ones being coordinate invariance, peer group invariance (isotropy), and frame-indifference. Each places distinet restrictions on constitutive equations. A noncomprehensive list of properly invariant and commonly used constitutive equations is given.
Nurse Practitioner Educators' Perceived Knowledge, Beliefs, and Teaching Strategies Regarding Evidence-Based Practice: Implications for Accelerating the Integration of Evidence-Based Practice Into Graduate Programs

The paradigm shift to evidence-based practice (EBP) in the United States has been slow. Evidence has supported that one barrier to accelerating this paradigm shift is that many nurses have negative attitudes toward research, in large part due to the manner in which they were taught research in their educational programs. The primary aims of this study were to (a) describe nurse educators' knowledge, beliefs, and teaching practices regarding EBP; (b) determine whether relationships exist among these variables; and (c) describe major barriers and facilitators to the teaching of EBP in nurse practitioner curriculums. A descriptive survey was conducted with a sample of 79 nurse practitioner educators who are members of the Association of Faculties of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (AFPNP) and the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF). The 25 AFPNP participants completed the survey while attending a national conference in Orlando, FL. The remaining 54 NONPF randomly selected participants responded to an e-mail version of the survey. Participants' self-reported knowledge and beliefs about the benefits of EBP and the need to integrate it into academic curricula were strong, although their responses indicated a knowledge gap in EBP teaching strategies. Few academic programs offered a foundational course in EBP. Significant relationships were found among educators' knowledge of EBP and (a) their beliefs that EBP improves clinical care, (b) beliefs that teaching EBP will advance the profession, (c) how comfortable they feel in teaching EBP, and (d) whether EBP clinical competencies are incorporated into clinical specialty courses. Conclusion and Implications Graduate programs need to offer a foundational course in EBP and integrate EBP throughout clinical specialty courses in order for advanced practice nurses to implement this type of care upon entry into practice. There is a need to educate faculty to become proficient in EBP as knowledge of EBP is highly related to its teaching and incorporation into graduate education. Further research is needed to describe the knowledge and state of teaching EBP in graduate faculty who are not active in clinical practice.
Standard Nomenclature and Metrics of Plane Shapes for Use in Gregarine Taxonomy

Current practice in gregarine (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) taxonomy does not include a standard nomenclature and metric set for plane shapes even though most taxonomic works within the group depend on shape-based descriptions. The lack of a uniform shape nomenclature and metric set has produced considerable confusion in gregarine systematics: descriptions of species often are not directly comparable even among congeneric taxa. As a step toward unifying taxonomic practice within Eugregarinorida, a standard nomenclature and metric set for 278 plane shapes in 23 shape series is delineated.
Augmenting the activity of antifungal agents against aspergilli using structural analogues of benzoic acid as chemosensitizing agents.

Abstract A number of benzoic acid analogues showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus , causative agents of human aspergillosis, in in vitro bioassays. Structure–activity analysis revealed that antifungal activities of benzoic and gallic acids were increased by addition of a methyl, methoxyl or chloro group at position 4 of the aromatic ring, or by esterification of the carboxylic acid with an alkyl group, respectively. Thymol, a natural phenolic compound, was a potent chemosensitizing agent when co-applied with the antifungal azole drugs fluconazole and ketoconazole. The thymol-azole drug combination demonstrated complete inhibition of fungal growth at dosages far lower than the drugs alone. Co-application of thymol with amphotericin B had an additive effect on all strains of aspergilli tested with the exception of two of three strains of A. terreus , where there was an antagonistic effect. Use of two mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mutants of A. fumigatus , sakA Δ and mpkC Δ, having gene deletions in the oxidative stress response pathway, indicated antifungal and/or chemosensitization activity of the benzo analogues was by disruption of the oxidative stress response system. Results showed that both these genes play overlapping roles in the MAPK system in this fungus. The potential of safe, natural compounds or analogues to serve as chemosensitizing agents to enhance efficacy of commercial antifungal agents is discussed.
Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with aorto-arteritis (Takayasu's)

Aorto-arteritis is one of the commonest vascular diseases in China as well as in Japan and other parts of Asia. The results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 50 patients with aortoarteritis are reported, and the merits and demerits of intravenous (IV) DSA in the diagnosis of this entity are evaluated. Among the 51 studies performed on 50 patients, IV DSA was used in 48, intraarterial (IA) DSA in 3, and good-to-excellent visualization was obtained in 96% of patients. Aorto-arteritis of varying severity and involving the thoraco-abdominal aorta, the iliac arteries, and other major branches was clearly demonstrated by IV DSA. IV DSA, as compared to our previous experience with conventional arteriography in this entity, may be substituted for conventional arteriography in most patients. A large dose of contrast media needed for a complete study is a major deficiency of IV DSA, and it also has limitations for showing the intrarenal arterial branches.
Far-infrared laser magnetic resonance spectrum of CH2F

Abstract Laser magnetic resonance rotational spectra of the free radical CH2F have been obtained using far-infrared laser lines at 301.3, 393.6, 513.0, and 567.9 μm. The radical was prepared under fast-flow conditions by fluorine atom abstraction of a hydrogen from methyl fluoride and by fluorine atom addition to diazomethane. The spectra obtained are too crowded and overlapped to permit significant spectroscopic analysis, but they do support a planar C2v structure for CH2F and lead to a value of (B + C) = 1.953 ± 0.015 cm−1.
Structural interpretations of mechanical properties of polycrystalline polymers

Structural changes are considered in light of the two differing views of the structure of crystalline polymers involving either a two phase structure or a single phase structure involving detects. A compromise picture is proposed which appears consistent with existing experimental evidence. Optical methods are described for analyzing structural changes accompanying deformation of these polymers. These include x-ray diffraction, static and dynamic birefringence measurements and dynamic light scattering studies. The results are consistent with a two stage deformation process involving first the elastic deformation of a spherulitic or crystalline structure followed by an internal rearrangement of crystals within this structure, taking place by a number of mechanisms such as recrystallization, defect migration, plastic flow and crystal rotation. The time dependence of some of these processes is studied and related to structural features.
Identifying contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade

Antitrust guidelines rely on structural screens to review horizontal merger proposals for possible anti-competitive effects. This paper extends this screening approach to forecast where industry cartels will form, and where cartel agreements are more likely to raise price. I test the screen's reliability for a unique data set of legal, privately enforced industry cartels that formed under the Webb-Pomerene Export Trade Act. Consistent with screening assumptions, I find that cartels formed more frequently in industries with significant potential market power, high barriers to entry, and conditions facilitating the enforcement of agreements. However, these characteristics generally perform less well at distinguishing when cartels are likely to raise price without generating offsetting cost-savings, suggesting that screening is reliable only as a preliminary check for possible anti-competitive behavior.
Evaluating Public Space

Public space plays an important role in sustaining the public realm. There is a renewed interest in public space with a growing belief that while modern societies no longer depend on the town square or the piazza for basic needs, good public space is required for the social and psychological health of modern communities. New public spaces are emerging around the world and old public space typologies are being retrofitted to contemporary needs. Good public space is responsive, democratic and meaningful. However, few comprehensive instruments exist to measure the quality of public space. Based on an extensive review of literature and empirical work, this paper creates a public space index to assess the quality of public space by empirically evaluating its inclusiveness, meaningfulness, safety, comfort and pleasurability. Four public spaces in downtown Tampa, Florida, are examined using the index and several applications for public space planners, designers and managers are suggested.
Cardiac dysrhythmias associated with exercise stress testing.

Abstract The exercise electrocardiograms and coronary arteriograms of 119 patients were examined to evaluate the significance of dysrhythmias associated with exercise testing. The overall incidence of dysrhythmias before, during and after exercise was 19 percent. The frequency of dysrhythmias was greater (26 percent) in patients with a positive exercise test than in patients with a negative exercise test (11 percent). The results of the exercise tests were correlated with coronary arteriographic findings to detect false positive and false negative results. There was no significant statistical difference in the frequency of dysrhythmias between patients who responded positively and those who responded negatively to exercise. The timing of the dysrhythmia (before, during or after exercise) was not different in the 2 groups. We conclude that dysrhythmias associated with exercise testing should raise the index of suspicion of underlying coronary artery disease but should not be used as a criterion for a positive test.
Great Trek and Long Walk: Readings of a Biblical Symbol

Diverse South African readings of "the exodus" offer convenient access to the complex processes of "meaning-making" which are currently under scrutiny in many disciplines. This essay investigates several diverse appropriations of the biblical text in order to read the classic journey story-particularly the moment of encountering the Canaanites-and to sort some of the methodological issues. First, a pair of opposite versions: white South African (Boer) and black South African (represented by Archbishop Desmond Tutu); second, a triad of critical approaches, but with different emphases (historical-critical, text-centered, reader-focused); and third, my own construal of Nelson Mandela's autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom, as yet another appropriation of liberation texts. In each case, the valuable questions to ask are how the interpreter has proceded and what has been the result, both for the understanding of texts and for the methodological discussion. The allegorical approach (Boer and Tutu) seems totally inadequate. The scholarly critical readings, with their behind-, within-, and before-the-text emphases are illuminating. But Mandela's construal, or at least my version of it, offers additional and fresh insight into the dynamics of liberation.
The clinical implications of the genetics of renal cell carcinoma

Over the last several decades, the advances in molecular genetics have elucidated kidney cancer gene pathways. Kidney cancer is a heterogeneous disorder. Each specific type of kidney cancer has its own histologic features, gene, and clinical course. Insight into the genetic basis of kidney cancer has been learned largely from the study of the familial or hereditary forms of kidney cancer. Extirpative surgery is currently the treatment of choice for kidney cancer that is confined to the kidney. Treatment for advanced or metastatic kidney cancer is a formidable challenge with the traditional therapies currently available. However, investigation of the Mendelian single-gene syndromes, like von Hippel Lindau (VHL: VHL gene), hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (HPRC: c-Met gene), Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD: BHD gene), and hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell cancer (HLRCC: fumarate hydratase gene) provides an opportunity to develop pathway specific therapies. Advances in molecular therapeutics offer novel treatment options for patients with advanced disease.
Viscosity-dependent dual phosphorescence of phenyl alkyl ketones

Abstract Several phenyl alkyl ketones display two overlapping short-lived phosphorescences at 77°K, with 0—0 bands at 384 nm (74.5 kcal) and 397 nm (72.0 kcal). The higher energy emission (τ = 5–10 msec) is favored in rigid methylcyclohexane glasses, while the proportion of lower-energy emission (τ = 4–5 msec) increases with increasing amounts of 2-methylbutane in the glass. In both isopentane at 77°K and benzene solution at room temperature, only the lower-energy spectrum is evident. The higher-energy emission is ascribed to n,π* triplets rigidly held in ground state conformations, while the lower-energy emission is assigned to conformationally-relaxed n,π* triplets.
The TRA‐1 transcription factor binds TRA‐2 to regulate sexual fates in Caenorhabditis elegans

The tra-1 and tra-2 sex-determining genes promote female fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Classical genetic studies placed tra-1 as the terminal regulator of the pathway with tra-2 acting upstream as a regulator of regulators of tra-1. Here we report the surprising result that the TRA-1 transcription factor binds the intracellular domain of the TRA-2 membrane protein. This binding is dependent on the MX regulatory domain, a region of the TRA-2 intracellular domain shown previously to be critical for the onset of hermaphrodite spermatogenesis. The functional importance of the TRA-1-TRA-2 physical interaction is supported by genetic interactions between tra-1(0) and tra-2(mx) mutations: a reduction of tra-1 gene dose from two copies to one copy enhances the tra-2(mx) feminization phenotype, but has no apparent somatic effect. In Caenorhabditis briggsae, we also find an MX-dependent interaction between Cb-TRA-1 and Cb-TRA-2, but intriguingly, no cross-species interactions are seen. The conservation of the TRA-1- TRA-2 interaction underscores its importance in sex determination.
Anisotropy of absorption bands in some lunar, meteoritic, and terrestrial pyroxenes

The optical anisotropy of individual spin-forbidden transitions of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions and spin-allowed transitions of Ti3+ and of Fe2+ ions are observed in complex clinopyroxene crystals in lunar rock in both the pigeonite core and the augite overgrowth. Spectral bands are compared to similar ones in terrestrial augite from Maui, Hawaii, meteoritic augite in the Angra dos Reis achondrite, meteoritic shocked hypersthene in the Tatahauine achondrite and meteoritic diopside in the Nakhla achondrite.
CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR SCREENING HEAD ULTRASOUND (HUS) IN THE VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANT. 1330

CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR SCREENING HEAD ULTRASOUND (HUS) IN THE VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANT. 1330
On the asymptotic joint distributions of certain functions of the eigenvalues of four random matrices

Abstract In this paper, the authors obtained asymptotic expressions for the joint distributions of certain functions of the eigenvalues of the Wishart matrix, correlation matrix, MANOVA matrix and canonical correlation matrix when the population roots have multiplicity.
Proem: a middleware platform for mobile peer-to-peer computing

The combination of personal mobile devices and mobile ad-hoc networks enables the creation of mobile peer-to-peer systems in which mobile peers establish peering relationships over wireless links based on proximity. In this paper, we discuss challenges of mobile peer-to-peer middleware and present the Proem mobile peer-to-peer platform.
Theoretical constructs in practice: managers rate their importance.

Abstract This research explores a proposed model of restructuring knowledge constructs and activities of the modern hotel housekeeping department. The model is based on statistical analysis of the relative importance given to topics by professional housekeepers and has implications for housekeeping managers, corporate planners, industry training programs and hospitality educators. The model uses factor analysis as an exploratory and patterning tool and suggests potential new ways to pattern or structure the importance of housekeeping activities.
Pediatrics in the Community: “Keep Smiling!” The Florida Fluoride Project

1. Valerie Ritter, DO 2. Frank Catalanotto, DMD 3. Michele Lossius, MD 1. University of Florida-Gainesville During their third year of residency at the University of Florida-Gainesville (UF), Michele Lossius and Kristen Eisenman noted that while the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended that children see a dentist by 1 year of age, (1) most of their patients were unable to do so because of poverty or because local dentists would not see infants. The Oral Health American National Grading Project gave Florida a D+ for prevention, including water fluoridation. Fluoride varnish is an evidence-based practice (2) that could have helped, but the children at highest risk for caries did not have access to it. With a CATCH grant from …
A predictive reactive scheduling method for color-coating production in steel industry

It is a difficult but challenging task for complex steel production to find effective schedules in a dynamic environment. In this paper, a predictive reactive scheduling method for the color-coating production in steel industry is investigated. In a practical production environment, the originally established schedules often need to be adjusted due to some unexpected events, which will break down the production continuity. Reactive scheduling is, therefore, essential for the production scheduling system to maintain the production continuity by reconciling the conflict between the originally established schedules and the current production status of the factory. To efficiently cope with such unexpected events, we propose a matching-up model whose objective is to minimize the impact on the originally established schedule and maintain its good quality. The experimental results on instances collected from practical production data show that the proposed method can provide robust and high quality schedules under a real-time production environment.
Semiconductor to metal transition in degenerate ZnO: Al films and the impact on its carrier scattering mechanisms and bandgap for OLED applications

Temperature dependent Hall measurements revealed that ionized impurity scattering was the dominant mechanism in sputter deposited, degenerate, aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) films up to ~530 nm thickness, and a semiconductor to metal transition was observed when thickness was further increased. With the increase in film thickness, the mobility and conductivity also increased from 6.70 to 18.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1.83 × 102–8.28 × 102 (Ω cm)−1, respectively. However, this was accompanied by a larger than 0.2 eV Burstein–Moss blue-shift of the interband absorption edge determined from absorption spectra. The movement of the Fermi level further into the conduction band that accompanies the Burstein–Moss shift results in a corresponding workfunction decrease of the films. This means that the interface barrier for hole injection in anode applications such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) becomes larger, which translates into higher turn-on voltages and lower current and power efficiencies compared to indium tin oxide anodes. It is suggested that improving conductivity through mobility increases, and increasing workfunction through surface functionalization may improve the prospects of AZO films in OLEDs and other applications where in addition to conductivity and transparency, workfunction is also critical.
Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Temperature Dependence of Gas Solubility Selectivity

This study focuses on bulk fluid solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen (N2) gases in the imidazolium-based RTILs: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]), 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf2N]), and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([mmim][MeSO4]) as a function of temperature (25, 40, 55, and 70 °C) at near-atmospheric pressures. The experimental behaviors are explained in terms of thermodynamic relationships that account for the negligible vapor pressure of the RTIL as well as the low solubilities of the gases. Results show that, as temperature increases, the solubility of CO2 decreases in all RTILs, the solubility of CH4 remains constant in [emim][Tf2N] and [hmim][Tf2N] but increases in [mmim][MeSO4] and [emim][BF4], and the solubility of N2 and H2 increases. Also, the ideal solubility selectivity (ratio of pure-componen...
Dark Matter Detection: Current Status

Overwhelming observational evidence indicates that most of the matter in the Universe consists of non-baryonic dark matter. One possibility is that the dark matter is Weakly-Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) that were produced in the early Universe. These relics could comprise the Milky Wayʼs dark halo and provide evidence for new particle physics, such as Supersymmetry. This talk focuses on the status of current efforts to detect dark matter by testing the hypothesis that WIMPs exist in the galactic halo. WIMP searches have begun to explore the region of parameter space where SUSY particles could provide dark matter candidates.
Do you have an innovative idea that can revolutionize cancer research? Opportunities and resources for innovative cancer technologies from the National Cancer Institute

The pace of biomedical research towards reducing the onset of disease is greatly accelerated when out-of-thebox approaches are used to develop a novel technology and tool. The National Cancer Institute's program for Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT) continues to focus on supporting and stimulating investigator-initiated innovation to develop technologies that have the potential for revolutionizing cancer research and care. Also described in this extended abstract are other funding opportunities from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that may be of interest to those seeking support for technology development.
Implications of latency data for threshold and nonthreshold models of signal detection

Abstract Two detection cum latency models are constructed by combining sets of plausible assumptions about latency with, in the first instance, the model of the. Theory of Signal Detection and, in the second instance, a general threshold model. The aim of this paper is to show that latency statistics can be used to provide sharp tests for distinguishing between the two models. The two statistics studied are the reaction time operating characteristic (RT-ROC) and the plot of average reaction time against response probability (RT-probability curve). It is shown that, under the first detection model, the RT-ROC lies below the ROC derived from detection rates except at the “yes-no” point, and the RT-probability curve is decreasing whereas, under the second model, the RT-ROC coincides with portions of the latter ROC, and decreasing RT-probability curves do not arise naturally. The effect of criterion variability on the ROC is discussed in detail and conditions are given under which the RT-ROC is equivalent to a ROC generated by variable criteria.
Augmentability in optimization theory

The present paper is concerned with the concept of augmentability. One form of augmentability is based on the generalized Lagrangian and leads to the method of multipliers for solving constrained minimum problems. An assumption of augmentability can be used in place of regularity to establish first-order and second-order necessary conditions for a minimum for constrained minimum problems. Another type of augmentability leads to the theory of Mayer fields in variational theory.
A capability maturity model for scientific data management

In this poster, we propose a capability-maturity model (CMM) for scientific data management that includes a set of process areas required for data management, grouped at three levels of organizational capability maturity. The goal is to provide a framework for comparing and improving project and organizational data management practices.
Unpackaging residential segregation: the importance of scale and informal market processes

This paper addresses two principal issues: a) the scale at which one examines urban segregation; and b) how informality, specifically accessibility to land markets and the process of land appropriation by low-income groups in Latin American cities, influences segregation patterns. Using Mexico City as a case study for Latin America, it shows that macro residential segregation levels are not becoming more polarized as many believe, due to informality of the market place and the weak state intervention through planning and zoning. However, there is a hardening of boundaries between adjacent neighborhoods as people turn to gated communities, largely for security reasons. Case study material from three Mexican cities are presented to examine how the nature of residential land costs and market segmentation contributes to segregation in Latin American cities. In a second case study, data from peri-urban low-income self-build settlements (colonias) in Texas cities demonstrate how existing inequality patterns can be reproduced by differential access to land markets. They further argue a case that such isolated (rural) settlements serving nearby urban labor market, should also be included in any analysis of urban segregation patterns, even if they do not form part of the contiguous urban area.
Characteristics of ultrasonic Lamb waves in 128/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut lithium niobate

The characteristics of ultrasonic Lamb waves propagating along the X-direction of a 128/spl deg/ rotated Y-cut lithium niobate plate are investigated. The first higher-order antisymmetric mode, the A/sub 1/ mode, is found to exhibit an anomalous behavior. The velocity of this mode remains nearly constant for all values of h//spl lambda/, where h is the plate thickness and /spl lambda/ is the acoustic wavelength. The particle displacement of the mode tends towards that of a pure shear horizontal (SH) wave as the ratio h//spl lambda/ tends to zero. The electromechanical coupling coefficient of the wave has a value of k/sup 2/=0.78/spl times/10/sup /spl minus/2/ at h//spl lambda//spl cong/0. The coupling decreases as h//spl lambda/ increases, becoming negligible for h//spl lambda/>1. The velocity and coupling coefficient of the mode have been measured for various values of h//spl lambda/, and are found to be in fair agreement with theoretical calculations. >
A novel approach for determining cancer genomic breakpoints in the presence of normal DNA.

CDKN2A (encodes p16INK4A and p14ARF) deletion, which results in both Rb and p53 inactivation, is the most common chromosomal anomaly in human cancers. To precisely map the deletion breakpoints is important to understanding the molecular mechanism of genomic rearrangement and may also be useful for clinical applications. However, current methods for determining the breakpoint are either of low resolution or require the isolation of relatively pure cancer cells, which can be difficult for clinical samples that are typically contaminated with various amounts of normal host cells. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed a novel approach, designated Primer Approximation Multiplex PCR (PAMP), for enriching breakpoint sequences followed by genomic tiling array hybridization to locate the breakpoints. In a series of proof-of-concept experiments, we were able to identify cancer-derived CDKN2A genomic breakpoints when more than 99.9% of wild type genome was present in a model system. This design can be scaled up with bioinformatics support and can be applied to validate other candidate cancer-associated loci that are revealed by other more systemic but lower throughput assays.
Subnuclear associations of the v-myb oncogene product and actin are dependent on ionic strength during nuclear isolation.

Abstract The method used to isolate nuclei has a direct effect on the subnuclear association of the v-myb product, p48v-myb, and nuclear actin. Analysis of nuclei subjected to various isolation procedures showed that disruption of native nuclear structure during hypotonic treatment resulted in dissociation of p48v-myb from the nuclear matrix.