cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotions and the body in Russian and English

The goal of the present paper is to examine Wierzbicka?s (1992, 1998a, 1999) claims that the connection between emotions and the body is encoded and emphasized in Russian to a higher degree than it is in English, and that English favors the adjectival pattern in emotion discourse, while Russian prefers the verbal one. The study analyzes oral narratives elicited through the same visual stimuli from 40 monolingual Russians and 40 monolingual Americans. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the narrative corpus support Wierzbicka?s claims, suggesting that ?the reading of the body? is not a culture- and language-free experience, but is shaped by cultural, social, and linguistic forces, as well as by individual differences. At the same time, neither quantitative nor qualitative differences have been identified with regard to gendered use of emotion discourse.
Critical aspects of fluorescent age-pigment methodologies: Modification for accurate analysis and age assessments in aquatic organisms

Fluorescent age-pigment (FAP) quantification has recently been proposed as a means of estimating age in aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. However, various aspects related to currently adopted procedures remain untested and a distinct relationship between FAP accumulation and chronological age has yet to be established. The present study was undertaken to critically evaluate the effects of specimen and extract handling procedures (including temperature, time, ultrasonication, and solvent systems) on the expression of native FAP fluorescence using the post-mitotic tissues of laboratoryreared specimens of the teleostOreochromis mossambicus as model systems. FAP-like fluorophores increased in vitro in brain, heart, and muscle tissues and their extracts with increased storage temperature (−20°C and above) and time. Sonification of homogenates greatly enhanced this effect and generated other non-native fluorophores in sample solution. Fluorescence assay temperature also affected expression of results, and aqueous-phase extracts, used in previous studies, were found to contain large amounts of fluorescent flavin contaminants. Using modifications of the above procedures, age-related patterns of accumulation were subsequently examined inO. mossambicus brain and, for the first time, positive correlations between chronological age and whole organ as well as weight-specific FAP concentration were validated. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to previous FAP studies.
Reverse Takotsubo syndrome diagnosed with Tc-99m SPECT perfusion study

We present a case of a critically ill man admitted to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure with anoxic encephalopathy and elevated cardiac biomarkers. The patient underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy demonstrating fixed midventricular and basal circumferential areas of hypoperfusion and hypokinesis with preservation of the ventricular apex. Due to the anatomical distribution of the specific defects a diagnosis of atypical stress-induced cardiomyopathy or reverse Takotsubo syndrome was made highlighting the importance of recognizing this uncommon entity when imaged by nuclear perfusion studies. Case Presentation. 49-year-old black male was admitted to the intensive care unit after being discovered unconscious in a park with hypercarbic and hypoxic respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support. He was treated for pneumonitis and started on antibiotics. Laboratory data revealed an elevated troponin level with a peak value of 1.4 mg/dL 24 hours after admission. Electrocardiogram (Figure 1) showed sinus bradycardia with peaked ‘‘hyperacute’’ T waves in the anterior precordial leads. Chemistry profile was unremarkable with normal electrolyte indices. Transthoracic echocardiography (Video 1) identified left ventricular basilar and mid-segment circumferential hypokinesis with preservation of myocardial thickening at the apex. A rest-stress dipyridamole Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) test was performed. Static perfusion images (Figure 2) demonstrated areas of fixed defect involving all of the basal and mid-ventricular segments of the myocardium, with preservation of perfusion in the distal and apical segments. Gated cine images (Video 2) indicated diffuse basilar hypokinesis, corresponding to the distribution of fixed perfusion defect, with calculated left ventricular ejection fraction of 36%. Gated polar maps (Figure 3) demonstrated a striking pattern of intense systolic motion and myocardial thickening involving only the apex coupled with diffuse hypokinesis and impaired systolic thickening throughout the surrounding regions. The clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiogra
Pituitary basophils of the Syrian hamster: an electron microscopic investigation.

Histochemical studies have not clearly defined the types or distribution of bascphils in the hamster's adenohypophysis. Electron microscopy is used in these experiments as a more accurate method for identifying types of basophils. Electron microscopic fields from regional areas of the gland were systematically photographed, and cell types counted. Hypertrophy of the appropriate basophils was observed in response to gonadectomy and thyroidectomy. FSH cells are oval, are adjacent to vascular spaces, have vesiculated endoplasmic reticulum and contain secretory granules measuring 200 mμ maximally. ICSH cells have filigreed cytoplasm, irregular cell borders, and secretory granules measuring 200 mμ maximally. TSH cells are polyhedral, have sparse endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory granules measuring 100 mμ maximally. The three basophilic cell types are randomly distributed throughout the gland.
Total synthesis of (-)-tirandamycin C.

Tirandamycin C is a newly isolated member of the tetramic acid family natural products. We described herein the first enantioselective synthesis of natural (−)-tirandamycin C, the postulated biosynthetic precursor of other members of this family. The highly stereoselective (>15:1) mismatched double asymmetric γ-stannylcrotylboration reaction of aldehyde 8 with crotylborane reagent (R)-E-9 was utilized to access the key anti,anti-stereotriad 18.
Asthma prevalence in Hispanic and Asian American ethnic subgroups: results from the California Healthy Kids Survey.

OBJECTIVES. Asthma prevalence for different ethnic groups in the United States, beyond white, black and Hispanic, is seldom reported. We compared the prevalence of asthma diagnosis among various Hispanic and Asian American ethnic subgroups using data collected from the school-based California Healthy Kids Survey. METHODS. The California Healthy Kids Survey was administered to 462 147 public school students in the seventh, ninth, and 11th grades throughout California during the 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 school years. Prevalence of lifetime asthma diagnosis was calculated for 11 Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups and 8 Hispanic subgroups. RESULTS. Asthma prevalence among Hispanic subgroups ranged from 13.2% for Mexican American students to 22.8% for Puerto Rican students and 23.0% among Cuban American students. Lifetime asthma diagnosis among the 11 Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups ranged from 10.9% among Korean American students to 23.8% among Filipino American students. CONCLUSIONS. The survey revealed substantial variation in asthma prevalence between the different Hispanic and Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups and that Pacific Islanders, Filipinos, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans are at elevated risk for asthma. Differences in the distributions of characteristics related to country of birth, residential history, generational status, and/or degree of acculturation might account for much of the observed differences in asthma prevalence between ethnic subgroups. Previous asthma prevalence estimates for Asians or Hispanics are in part a function of the particular ethnic composition of the population under investigation. We suggest that asthma studies that include a substantial number of Asian Pacific Islander and Hispanic persons use a more detailed categorization of race/ethnicity.
Cleave Engineered Layer Transfer using Porous Silicon

A Cleave-Engineered Layer Transfer (CELT) substrate was fabricated consisting of a thin InP template layer transferred, via wafer bonding and hydrogen exfoliation, onto a silicon handle wafer with a porous layer at its surface. The mechanically weak porous silicon layer enables transfer of subsequent epitaxial growth and device fabrication on the template layer by initiating cleavage through the porous layer. Structural and mechanical property changes in the porous silicon layer after various processing conditions were studied. Characterization included atomic force microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy show the template layer has high surface- and crystalline- quality for subsequent epitaxial deposition. Layer transfer capability was demonstrated on a similar structure by fracture through the porous layer.
The Mahdī in Valencia: Messianism, Apocalypticism and Morisco Rebellions in Late Sixteenth-Century Spain

Abstract Prophecies and apocalyptic prognostications circulated widely among the Moriscos—forcedly baptized Muslims in sixteenth-century Iberia. Messianism, however, is a phenomenon which had hitherto never been attested in traditional sources of Morisco history. This article studies the interrelated phenomena of apocalypticism and messianism among the Moriscos of the Crown of Aragon in the second half of the sixteenth century. Through a case study of a 1575 inquisitorial transcript, it analyzes an obscure messianic figure named Abrahim Fatimi, who was accused of attempting to lead the kingdom to rebellion, casting himself as the expected deliverer of Morisco tradition, el moro Alfatimi. The discovery of this case sheds light on the political and social implications of apocalyptic and messianic ideas among Moriscos in the late sixteenth century.
Processing acrylic resin veneers using sectional cores

Abstract A simple, inexpensive method of processing full-arch splints or complicated long-span fixed partial dentures with veneers has been described. The artificial stone cores used in the flasking procedure make trial packing possible without distorting the acrylic resin of the veneers.
Conductance oscillations periodic in the density of a one-dimensional electron gas.

By use of x-ray lithography Si inversion layers have been fabricated with width \ensuremath{\sim}25 nm and mobility \ensuremath{\sim}15 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s. These display oscillations in their conductance that are periodic in the number of electrons per unit length, even in zero magnetic field. The oscillations reflect an oscillatory activation energy of the conductance and are accompanied by unusual nonlinearities suggestive of pinned charge-density waves.
The Role of Industry Advisory Councils???The A.S.U. Model

Healthy interaction between industry and university, for the well-being of both, vital to the strength of our nation's economy, can be fostered by the use of industry advisory councils. A successful model exists at Arizona State University, where, from 1979 to 1984, the Advisory Council for Engineering has helped attract over $ 50 million of new resources. The planning and political efforts of the group used to accomplish this goal are described. A second five-year plan, calling for an investment of $62.5 million, has been initiated.
The philosophical impact of Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism on Japanese management practices

The philosophical influences of Shintoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism manifest themselves in a variety of ways in modern Japanese management practices. The paper explores the historical roots of these driving social forces and explains their relationship to such management practices as performance appraisal, employee motivation, leadership, equal employment opportunity, teamwork, and strategy formulation.
Selective synthesis of dimethylamine over small-pore zeolites: Catalytic selectivity and sorption behavior

Abstract Sorption measurements of alcohols were used to rationalize the performance of zeolites used as catalysts for the synthesis of methylamines via the sequential reaction of methanol and ammonia. Low methanol absorption corresponds to low catalytic activity while high isopropanol absorption corresponds to zeolites producing an equilibrium distribution of methylamines. Generally, zeolites, with sorption values for methanol (or ethanol) of 10–30 w o and little or no isopropanol sorption, selectively produce mono- and dimethylamines versus trimethylamine. Mineral chabazites, while having similar activities, surprisingly provide a wide range of product selectivities. The Geometric Selectivity Index, GSI, denned as the ratio of methanol sorption to the sorption of n -propanol, was found to correspond to the observed catalytic selectivity of the mineral chabazites.
Intermediate shocks in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic bow-shock flows with multiple interacting shock fronts

[1] Previous MHD simulations predict that when switch-on shock conditions obtain in the solar wind, the bow shock produced in front of an ellipsoidal obstacle will produce a unique bow shock configuration that includes a concave intermediate shock region at the nose of the shock. These simulations have been carried out with hard shell inner boundary conditions. We extend these studies by investigating the configuration of the bow shock when the obstacle is a terrestrial magnetic dipole field. It is found that, in contrast to the typical fast shock, reconnection at the magnetosphere affects the structure of the upstream magnetosheath and bow shock considerably. Asymmetry in magnetic reconnection rates between the northern and southern hemispheres changes the bow shock configuration notably. In the hemisphere where the dipole field is largely antiparallel to the interplanetary magnetic field, the intermediate shock is eliminated in favor of a standard fast shock. In the other hemisphere, however, the intermediate shock still forms as an important, stable element of the overall shock configuration. We also launch a solar wind MHD fast shock into the simulation domain and observe how the resulting waves transmit and reflect in the magnetosheath and magnetosphere and how the general morphology of the bow shock changes.
Total human body protein synthesis in relation to protein requirements at various ages

THE intensity of body and tissue protein metabolism per kg declines with increased adult body size in mammals1. This fall parallels a similar progressive decline in the intensity of energy metabolism2–4. It has also been concluded that protein metabolism per unit of body weight is about four to five times faster in young rats than in adult man1; this pattern of change extends to cellular and subcellular aspects of protein metabolism, such as plasma albumin synthesis, liver RNA content and enzyme activity1,5. Similarly, the rate of protein synthesis per kg total body weight declines during growth and development within a species, such as the rat6. This parameter again parallels the reduction in the intensity of energy metabolism which occurs during the growth period3.
Geophysical validation of WINDSAT surface wind data and its impact on numerical weather prediction

A detailed evaluation of the latest version of WINDSAT surface wind data has recently been performed to determine the quality of these data and their usefulness for ocean surface wind analysis and numerical weather prediction. The first component of this evaluation consisted of both subjective and objective comparisons of WINDSAT wind vectors to other sources of ocean surface winds (eg. ship and buoy observations, Quikscat satellite winds, or model derived wind analyses). This was followed by data impact experiments using a variational surface wind analysis, as well as an operational four-dimensional data assimilation system. The results of this evaluation demonstrate the usefulness of WINDSAT data, but also show deficiencies relative to current scatterometer measurements.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A TEXTURE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR TEXTURED VEGETABLE PROTEIN

. A procedure was developed for separating different rehydrated commercial soy ‘protein products’ and cooked ground beef: soy mixtures (75:25) into textural classes. For comparison, cooked ground beef was included in the study. Samples were ground in a meat grinder (3/8* holes) and compressed at 5 cm min−1 in an Ottawa Texture Measuring System 10 cm2 cell, with eight wires grid, mounted in an Instron tester. Maximum force, average maximum force, hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness were determined from the force-distance curves. Parameters which detected the greatest differences between textural classes were maximum force and the average maximum force, followed - and in this order - by chewiness, cohesiveness and hardness.
Effectiveness of the Radio as a Health Information Source

This study assesses the radio as a source of health information and identifies contributing factors to listeners' intentions to change health-related behavior. After listening to a 1-hour health-talk radio program, 99 participants completed an Internet-based survey instrument. Results indicate 27.3% of participants regularly obtained health information from the radio and 68.7% from the Internet; 92.9% of participants reported an increase in knowledge and 65.7% reported intentions to change health behaviors. Participants were more likely to report behavior change intentions if they obtained health information from multiple sources (OR = 1.47). Implications of this study emphasize making radio content available via the Internet.
Annual Review 1991-1993: Vocational Choice, Decision-Making, Assessment, and Intervention

Abstract This article reviews the literature on vocational choice, decision-making, vocational assessment, and career counseling interventions for the years 1991-1993. Articles chosen for review were those that focused on pre-entry behavior for individuals, as opposed to vocational behavior after employment or from an organizational perspective. The literature is summarized in each major section, with general summary comments made about the literature at the end of the paper. General methodological concerns are delineated, and recommendations are made for future research.
Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in Turner syndrome: the U.S. National Institutes of Health experience

Objective To assess fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome (TS). Design Retrospective case series. Setting Clinical research center. Patient(s) 276 adults with cytogenetically proven TS participating in an intramural natural history protocol. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Menstrual and obstetric histories, 50-cell karyotypes, and cardiovascular evaluation including aortic diameter measurements. Result(s) Our cohort included five women with spontaneous pregnancies and five with pregnancies using assisted reproduction (ART). All five women with spontaneous pregnancies had spontaneous puberty, despite 45,X in ≥90% of their 50-cell karyotype. Participants had a total of 13 pregnancies and 14 live births. One child had cerebral palsy; the others were chromosomally and developmentally normal. Delivery was by cesarean section in four out of seven spontaneous and six out of six ART-related pregnancies. One mother experienced preeclampsia in an ART-related twin pregnancy that required a preterm delivery; she has marked but stable aortic dilation years later. Conclusion(s) Approximately 2% of our study cohort experienced spontaneous pregnancies despite high-grade X monosomy, and a similar number achieved pregnancy via oocyte donation and ART. The potential for life-threatening cardiovascular complications warrants comprehensive screening before conception or single-embryo transfer, and caution regarding unintentional pregnancies for TS women.
Incommensurate modulations in the magnetic structure of the magnetic superconductor HoNi2B2C-a high-resolution neutron powder diffraction study

Abstract Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic structure of powder samples of the superconducting HoNi2B2C. In addition to the modulation of the moments along c ∗ reported previously, we observe in the vicinity of 5 K, where the compound exhibits reentrant behavior, a modulation of the moments along a ∗ . We demonstrate that all presently available experimental data on single crystals as well as powder samples contain unambiguous evidence for a modulation of the moments along a ∗ with a wave vector, qa, of approximately 0.585 a ∗ . We conclude that this modulation of the moments along a ∗ is characteristic of the magnetic structure of HoNi2B2C.
The micro-climate of narrow- and wide-row sorghum with equal plant densities

Abstract Net radiation, evapotranspiration (lysimetric), soil heat flux, temperature, vapor pressure, and wind speed were measured within and above narrow- and wide-row sorghum with equal plant density. Total energy balance for 9 clear days showed no significant difference in net radiation ( R n ) above the narrow and wide rows. Evapotranspiration ( LE ) accounted for an average of 88% and 89% of R n in the narrow and wide rows, respectively. LE / R n percentage was over 100 in the wide rows for August 25 and 26, 1973. The latter part of the growing season, temperature inversions above the crop canopies confirmed large-scale advection. Negative sensible heat at the beginning of the season and the below-canopy-energy balance suggest within-row advection, especially in wide row sorghum. Temperature decreased with downwind distance from a stubble field but vapor pressure increased with increasing distance. Stomatal resistance decreased and leaf-water potential increased (less negative) with downwind distance.
Multifrequency, High-Resolution Radio Recombination Line Observations of the Massive Star-forming Region W49A

We have carried out a multifrequency, multiconfiguration VLA observational program of the massive Galactic star-forming region W49A (D = 11.4 kpc). Radio continuum observations were carried out at 0.7, 1.3, and 3.6 cm. In the highest sensitivity 3.6 cm images, we have detected 45 distinct continuum sources (located within a ~4' [13 pc] diameter region) exhibiting a wide variety of sizes and morphological types. Several sources have rising continuum spectra (α > 0.6) up to the shortest wavelengths observed (7 mm). We observe a larger fraction of sources with shell morphologies (11%) than were observed in the Galactic plane survey of Wood & Churchwell. A correlation between the rms electron density and the radius of the ultracompact H II regions is observed for the spherical, unresolved, and cometary sources in W49A. We have observed W49A in the H92α, He92α, H66α, and H52α recombination lines. We detect hydrogen line emission from 39 of the 45 continuum sources observed at 3.6 cm (H92α). We derive LTE electron temperatures from the H92α, H66α, and H52α lines to have mean values of T -->*e=6700±300 K, 10,400 ± 600 K, and 9100 ± 600 K, respectively. The mean singly ionized helium abundance in the 13 sources where He92α emission is detected is Y+ = 11 ± 1%. Several of the most compact continuum sources in W49A have broad radio recombination lines (ΔVH52α > 45 km s-1), including W49A/B and the western portion of W49A/G (which contains a large number of high-velocity H2O masers). The high-frequency radio recombination line velocities are utilized to discriminate between various models that propose to explain the origin of the central ring of H II regions.
The metabolic cost of food utilization and ammonia production by juvenile Macrobrachiumrosenbergii (Crustacea: Palaemonidae)

Abstract 1. 1. A calorigenic effect of diet was noted for a plant, animal and a commercial pelletized diet in juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii . 2. 2. No significant relationship could be determined between the amount ingested and the increase in the rate of metabolism. 3. 3. The ammonia production rate was not influenced by diet but was related to the weight of the individual. 4. 4. The specific dynamic effect was greatest for the tubificid diet which increased the standard metabolic rate by 39.4%. Commercial and Cladophora diets caused increases of 19.9 and 7.1%, respectively.
The zinc finger SET domain gene Prdm14 is overexpressed in lymphoblastic lymphomas with retroviral insertions at Evi32.

Background AKXD recombinant inbred strains of mice have proven to be very useful in the identification of potential oncogenes and tumor suppressors involved in the development of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. In these tumors, the hematopoietic insertion of an active AKV murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is associated with the onset of disease. Common sites of retroviral insertion (CIS) identify genes causally associated with the development or initiation of lymphoma. Methodology In the present study, we analyzed a previously uncharacterized CIS, Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 32 (Evi32), which is located on mouse chromosome 1. We analyzed candidate genes in the region to identify those involved in Evi32 mediated oncogenesis. Results Here we show that proviral insertion at Evi32 correlates with significant overexpression of a putative transcription factor, PR-domain containing 14 (Prdm14). Tumors with insertions at Evi32 are consistently lymphoid in nature. Prdm14 is normally expressed early in embryonic development with the highest expression in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. This study implicates Prdm14 as a proto-oncogene involved in lymphoblastic lymphoma formation.
GABAergic modulation of the analgesic effects of morphine microinjected in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter of the rat

Abstract The possibility that GABAergic neurons in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter modulate the analgesic effects of morphine microinjected into this brain area was investigated in the rat. Microinjection of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin 3-ol (THIP) (0.4 μg in 0.2 μl), a GABA agonist, in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter significantly reversed the increase of tail-flick latency induced by a prior injection of morphine sulfate (4 μg in 0.2 μl) at the same site. Conversely, microinjection in the same region of picrotoxin (10 ng in 0.2 μl), a GABA antagonist, significantly potentiated the analgesic effect of the same dose of morphine. These results suggest the existence of GABAergic neurons that tonically inhibit periaqueductal gray output neurons involved in centrifugal pain inhibition. The analgesic effects of opiates may, at least in part, result from disinhibition of these GABAergic neurons.
A Novel Intermediate-Temperature All Ceramic Iron–Air Redox Battery: The Effect of Current Density and Cycle Duration

We here report the energy storage characteristics of a new all ceramic iron–air redox battery comprising of a reversible solid oxide fuel cell as the charger/discharger and a Fe–FeOx redox couple as the chemical storage bed. The effects of current density and cycle duration on specific energy and round trip efficiency of the new battery have been systematically studied at 650 °C and 550 °C. The results explicitly show that current density is the most influential variable on the performance, signifying the importance of improving electrochemical performance of the reversible solid oxide fuel cell.
Abortion costs, sexual behavior, and pregnancy rates

Abstract This paper empirically examines the question: Do the direct (price) and indirect (restrictive abortion laws) costs of obtaining an abortion have an impact on the likelihood of women becoming pregnant? Using the economic model of fertility control, the empirical results find that increases in the real price of obtaining an abortion cause a statistically and numerically significant decrease in the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age (15–44 years) and teens (ages 15–19). A state parental involvement law is also found to decrease the pregnancy rate of all women of childbearing age and an even numerically larger decrease for teens. A state Medicaid funding restriction of abortion, waiting period law, and mandatory counseling law do not have a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate of either group. Taken together the empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis that women's sexual behavior is influenced by the direct and indirect cost of obtaining an abortion.
STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS OF HUMAN ORIGIN : I. OBSERVATIONS ON THE VIRULENT, ATTENUATED, AND AVIRULENT VARIANTS.

1. Four common variants of the hemolytic streptococcus of human origin have been described. These have been designated the F, M, attenuated M, and C variants. 2. The F and M variants only have been isolated from the blood stream in streptococcal infections. Only the M, however, has any primary virulence for the mouse. 3. Both these variants resist phagocytosis in human blood under suitable conditions, and this appears to be a reliable test for human virulence. 4. The attenuated M variant, found only in laboratory cultures, has a capsule as well developed as that of the virulent variants, and yet does not resist phagocytosis. 5. The C variant has no capsule and is readily phagocyted. It appears to correspond to the avirulent variant in other species. 6. An attempt has been made to correlate these four variants with those already described in the literature. 7. The application of these findings to the problem of virulence has been discussed.
Assessment of Complex Sentence Production in a Narrative Context.

This study focused on eliciting and assessing complex sentence structure in a meaningful discourse context. The effect of clinician support (modeling of specific structures and practice with the st...
Application of “Less Is More” to Low Back Pain

An initiative of the National Physicians Alliance, the project titled “Promoting Good Stewardship in Clinical Practice,” developed a list of the top 5 activities in primary care for which changes in practice could lead to higher-quality care and better use of finite clinical resources. One of the top 5 recommendations was “Don't do imaging for low back pain within the first 6 weeks unless red flags are present.” This article presents data that support this recommendation. We selectively reviewed the literature, including recent reviews, guidelines, and commentaries, on the benefits and risks of routine imaging in low back pain. In particular, we searched PubMed for systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in the past 5 years. We also assessed the cost of spine imaging using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. One high-quality systematic review and meta-analysis focused on clinical outcomes in patients with low back pain and found no clinically significant difference in pain or function between those who received immediate lumbar spine imaging vs usual care. Published data also document harms associated with early imaging for low back pain, including patient “labeling,” unneeded follow-up tests for incidental findings, irradiation exposure, unnecessary surgery, and significant cost. Routine imaging should not be pursued in acute low back pain. Not imaging patients with acute low back pain will reduce harms and costs, without affecting clinical outcomes.
Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) performance of Clostridium phytofermentans on AFEX-treated corn stover for ethanol production

Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is believed to be a potentially cost-efficient and commercially viable way to produce cellulosic biofuels. In this study, we have evaluated the performance of the CBP organism Clostridium phytofermentans (ATCC 700394) on AFEX-treated corn stover (AFEX-CS). Fermentation conditions including temperature, inoculation size, nutrients, and initial pH were investigated. At optimal conditions with 0.5% (w/w) glucan loading of AFEX-CS, C. phytofermentans hydrolyzed 76% of glucan and 88.6% of xylan in 10 days. These values reached 87% and 102% of those obtained by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) using commercial enzymes and S. cerevisiae 424A. Ethanol titer for CBP was found to be 2.8 g/L which was 71.8% of that yielded by SSCF (3.9 g/L). Decomposition products from AFEX-CS helped to increase ethanol yield somewhat during CBP. Particle size played a crucial role in the enhancement of sugar conversion by CBP. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1290–1297. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secure Group-Based Information Sharing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we investigate secure intra and inter group information sharing in a network consisting of multiple node groups. We develop a mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of multicast structures, which enables flexible topology changes and efficient information distribution. We develop a key distribution and update method for secure information sharing in the same group and among different groups. It adopts polynomials to support the distribution of personal key shares and employs LKH (logical key hierarchy) to achieve efficient key refreshment. We also investigate the overhead and safety of the proposed mechanism and demonstrate its advantages over previous approaches.
Ethics for the pediatrician: imperiled newborns: limiting treatment.

1. Mark R. Mercurio, MD, MA* 1. *Associate Professor, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics; Director, Yale Pediatric Ethics Program, New Haven, Conn. Most physician effort and energy in neonatology is extended in an effort to preserve life. Nevertheless, circumstances sometimes arise wherein the best course may be to withhold or withdraw a certain treatment, based on poor prognosis. Such circumstances might include extreme prematurity, severe congenital anomaly, imminent death regardless of treatment, or evidence of profound neurologic injury. Treatments that might be withheld or withdrawn include resuscitation, life-sustaining medical treatment such as mechanical ventilation or artificial nutrition and hydration, and surgical procedures. What follows is intended as a guide to those considering such decisions, based, in part, on policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). There may be important psychological differences between withdrawing a treatment in progress and withholding it (ie, declining to initiate the specific therapy). Some individuals (staff or family) might have more difficulty stopping a therapy once it has begun. Physicians considering withdrawal of a therapy should be cognizant of this concern but should not mistake it for a sound ethical distinction. The AAP Committee on Bioethics has stated that most philosophical and legal commentators find no important ethical or legal distinction between withdrawing and withholding; (1) that is, if it is ethically acceptable to withhold a given treatment from a given newborn, generally it is acceptable to withdraw it. The determination of when it is ethically acceptable to withdraw or withhold any treatment in the case of a newborn generally is based on the patient's best interest standard and on recognition of parental authority. The patient's best interest standard essentially states that the decision should be made by weighing the anticipated benefits and burdens (to the patient) of …
Combination therapy for type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To discuss a rational approach to improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with use of combination therapy. Methods: We review the mechanisms of action and clinical applications for the various antidiabetic agents alone and in various combinations. Relevant studies in the literature are reviewed. Results: Although diet and exercise remain the cornerstones of treatment, in most patients with type 2 diabetes, pharmacologic agents are needed to achieve optimal glycemic control and likely reduce the incidence of microvascular and possibly macrovascular complications as well. Sulfonylureas have long been the foundation of oral pharmacologic therapy and provide adequate glycemic control for most patients for 5 to 10 years or longer. In the past, when treatment with sulfonylureas was no longer effective, insulin therapy was inevitable. With the approval of several new pharmacologic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, however, the addition of one or more orally...
Combined permutation codes using M-ary modulation for AWGN and fading channels

Modern wireless communication systems require an efficient use of the spectrum. Here we introduce the use of permutation codes (PC) as a combined source coding and channel modulation system using M-ary phase shift keying as the modulation formats. We combine the features of a permutation code vector quantizer and a permutation code as channel modulator. For source coding the permutation code is a class of constant weight vector quantizer, and its rate-distortion performance is near optimal considering practical vector lengths. We obtained the rate-total distortion performance for the combined system when an M-ary PSK modulation formats is used as channel symbols. The performance is obtained using numerical methods for AWGN channel and for frequency nonselective slowly fading channel. We found that the combined system has the advantage over non combined systems of lower encoding delay, and hence simpler transmitter and receiver. Also, we would be able to optimize the overall distortion as a function of the design parameters.
Systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in treatment naïve patients: a risk-based approach

Importance of the field: Kidney cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the USA, with an annual incidence of approximately 55,000 cases per year. Over 13,000 patients are estimated to die from this disease annually. Cloning of the VHL gene, recognition of the associated abnormalities in sporadic clear-cell carcinoma, and its role as a regulator of the hypoxic response, were important milestones in our understanding of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC) biology and the recognition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependency of RCC. A variety of clinical features, including histologic features, prognostic factors, and patient history of comorbid illness, provide the framework in which the results of recent clinical trials and regulatory approvals of these agents are utilized to develop treatment recommendations for the largest metastatic patient RCC group, the therapy naive individual.Areas covered in this review: The rationale for use of VEGF-targeted therapy in advanced RCC patients and the rece...
The Effectiveness of Narrative Pre-Experiences for Creating Context in Military Training

Trainers need to identify effective, low-cost training experiences for today's military workforce to meet the increasing demands of today's warfighting environment. Although low-fidelity simulations have been demonstrated to be effective in this regard, research has demonstrated that specially tailored pre-experiences can increase the effectiveness of these simulations. Unfortunately, the cost of these pre-experiences negates the cost benefits of the simulations that they improve. In this article, we describe a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a lower cost pre-experience. The results are discussed in the context of future directions for research.
Ureteral and Urethral Frozen Sections During Radical Cystectomy or Cystoprostatectomy: An Analysis of Denudation and Atypia

Objective To evaluate denudation (no urothelium present for evaluation) and atypia (urothelial carcinoma in situ [CIS] cannot be ruled out) on frozen sections (FSs) of ureteral and urethral margins in radical cystectomies and cystoprostatectomies. Materials and Methods In radical cystectomies from 2000-2012, we compared FS diagnoses with the corresponding permanent section of the same tissue (frozen section control [FSC]). We also compared FS to “any CIS,” which assessed whether there was any CIS in a given ureter or urethra, combining the diagnoses on “frozen section control” and on all submitted ureteral and urethral sections in a case. Results We analyzed 1222 ureteral and 366 urethral FSs in 822 surgical cases. On FS for ureters, there were 56 diagnoses of atypia, 19 (33.9%) of which showed CIS on FSC, and 81 diagnoses of denudation, 1 (1.2%) of which showed CIS on FSC. On FS for urethras, there were 12 diagnoses of atypia, 2 (16.7%) of which showed CIS on FSC, and 17 diagnoses of denudation, 1 (5.9%) of which showed CIS on FSC. Twenty-three patients (38.3%) with atypia and 14 patients (15.0%) with denudation on FS had a finding of “any CIS.” A diagnosis of either atypia or denudation on FS was predictive of finding CIS on FSC and “any CIS” in a given ureter or urethra ( P Conclusion After an FS diagnosis of atypia or denudation, urologists should obtain additional margins if surgically feasible.
Interactive effects of the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and stressful life events on college student drinking and drug use.

Background A common functional polymorphism, 5-HTTLPR, in the serotonin transporter gene has been associated with heavy drinking in college students. We examined this polymorphism as it interacted with negative life events to predict drinking and drug use in college students. Methods Daily reports of drinking and drug use obtained using a daily web-based survey were combined with self-reports of past-year negative life events and 5-HTTLPR genotypes in a regression analysis of alcohol and nonprescribed drug use in a sample of 295 college students. Results Genotype and negative life events significantly interacted in relation to drinking and drug use outcomes. Individuals homozygous for the short (s) allele who experienced multiple negative life events in the prior year reported more frequent drinking and heavy drinking, stronger intentions to drink, and greater nonprescribed drug use. In individuals homozygous for the long (l) allele, drinking and drug use were unaffected by past-year negative life events. Heterozygous subjects showed drinking outcomes that were intermediate to the two homozygous groups. Conclusions The 5-HTTLPR s-allele is associated with increased drinking and drug use among college students who have experienced multiple negative life events. The s-allele carriers may be at risk for a variety of adverse behavioral outcomes in response to stress.
A proposed modeling environment to teach performance modeling and hardware/software codesign to senior undergraduates

This paper describes a proposed modeling and design environment for teaching the concepts of performance modeling of hardware/software systems to senior computer engineering undergraduate students. This environment is being developed to support senior capstone design projects in computer engineering. Portions of this environment are currently being beta tested and educational material, including lecture slides and laboratory exercises, based on the use of the environment are being developed.
Macrophages from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Persons Are Defective in Host Defense against Histoplasma Capsulatum

The phagocytic and fungistatic activity of monocyte-derived macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons against Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts was determined. Macrophages from HIV-positive patients were profoundly deficient in their capacity to recognize and bind H. capsulatum, but ingestion of bound yeasts was normal. The binding of H. capsulatum by patient macrophages tended to decrease with a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Another major defect was that patient macrophages were more permissive for the intracellular growth of H. capsulatum. Macrophages from 22 of 58 patients showed a > or = 2-fold increase in intracellular growth compared with control macrophages. Thus, in addition to defects in cell-mediated immunity caused by a loss of CD4+ T cells, macrophages from HIV-positive patients exhibit intrinsic defects in macrophage function against H. capsulatum that may contribute to the increased susceptibility of HIV-positive patients to disseminated histoplasmosis.
Fractionally spaced blind equalization of FIR channels under symbol timing offsets

Considers the problem of blind estimation and equalization of digital communication FIR channels using fractionally spaced samples. Fractionally sampled data are cyclostationary rather than stationary. The problem is cast into a mathematical framework of parameter estimation for a vector stationary process with single input (information sequence) and multiple outputs, by using a time-series representation of a cyclostationary process. The channel parameters are estimated by first estimating various subchannels using the second and the fourth order cumulant function of the received data, and then appropriately aligning and scaling them. The estimated channel impulse response is then used to construct a linear equalizer. An illustrative simulation example using a 16-QAM signal is presented where the effect of symbol-timing-phase offset is studied via simulations. >
Stratified point sampling of 3D models

Point sampling is an important intermediate step for a variety of computer graphics applications, and specialized sampling strategies have been developed to satisfy the requirements of each problem. In this article, we present a technique to generate a stratified sampling of 3D models that is applicable across many domains. The algorithm voxelizes the model and selects one sample per voxel, restricted to the original model's surface. Parameters allow control of the uniformity of the sample placement and the minimum distance between samples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in selecting stroke locations for painterly rendering models and for producing sampled geometry used as input to shape descriptors.
Product environmental impact assessments

Process engineers have for years evaluated the potential impact of their operations to the environment. They do this not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because governments around the world have continued to pass regulations requiring it. Thus, companies have become accustomed to environmental protection as a normal part of manufacturing operations. As our knowledge has increased, we have learned that to truly protect the environment, we must carry this protection beyond the manufacturing process and into the intended product's entire life cycle. Companies must include a careful analysis of a product's total impact to the environment from "cradle to grave". The authors describe the Environmental Impact Assessment tool, developed at IBM Austin, which is used to describe all new products. It is utilised to describe various details and aspects associated with the new product. >
Absolute chronology for major Pleistocene advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

We used a 26 Al- 10 Be burial isochron method to date the glacial stratigraphic section in Missouri, USA, that records the largest advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. This permits an improved comparison of terrestrial and marine records of glaciation. The first recorded advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet reached 39°N, near the extreme southern limit of North American glaciation, 2.4 Ma. The next advance to this latitude took place near the beginning of the mid-Pleistocene transition, 1.3 Ma, and three more took place from 0.75 to 0.2 Ma. There is no evidence that the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced south of ∼45°–47°N between 2.4 and 1.3 Ma. This chronology: (1) shows that North American continental glaciation postdated Cordilleran alpine glaciation; (2) is consistent with the hypothesis that both of these events were threshold responses to tropical cooling; (3) is consistent with the hypothesis that the first advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet was glaciologically anomalous due to the presence of deformable preglacial regolith; (4) is not consistent with the hypothesis that this deformable regolith persisted until the mid-Pleistocene transition; and (5) indicates that the increase in global ice volume at the mid-Pleistocene transition was at least in part the result of a more extensive Laurentide Ice Sheet.