cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Utility of Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Monitoring in Psychiatric Inpatients

Abstract Alterations in heart rate and blood pressure (BP) may occur in patients receiving psychiatric medication. Twenty-four–hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring was compared with nurses’ conventional vital signs (CVS) for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) and heart rate (HR) measurements in psychiatric inpatients receiving multidrug treatments. Twelve consecutive subjects were enrolled. ABP monitoring and CVS measurements were concurrent but independent in each subject. Ambulatory BP monitoring recorded SBP, DBP, and HR thrice hourly from 6:00 am to 10:00 pm and once hourly between 10:00 pm and 6:00 am ; CVS were obtained an average of 3.6 times/24 h. The frequency with which each BP and HR measurement method detected Level-1 (SBP 90 to 100 or 180 to 209 mm Hg; DBP 40 to 60 or 110 to 119 mm Hg; HR 50 to 60 or 110 to 119 beats/min) or Level-2 (SBP
Ideology, Scientific Theory, and Social Work Practice

This article discusses the philosophical and ideological nature of theory and examines the ways ideology becomes infused into social work theory and practice. The use of critical thought and specific evaluation criteria based on consistency with social work values are proposed.
Elastic Polyether Polyurethane Foams Under Punching: Experiments, Theory and Simulations

We carry out punching experiments on low-density elastic polyether polyurethane (EPP) foams. The punch is rigid and wedge-shaped, and the specimens are either cubic or brick-shaped. The experimental results display some striking features, most notably a mechanical response that remains linear up to a penetration of the punch of about 40% of the height of the specimen. At higher penetrations, the mechanical response turns abruptly nonlinear: for the cubic specimens, there is a momentary loss of stiffness; for the brick-shaped specimens, there is a sizable increase in stiffness. We formulate a simple theoretical model of the punching of low-density EPP foams. In this model, a cell of the microstruture of an EPP foam behaves as a bistable elastic structure under compression, so that there are two preferred values of strain corresponding to two configurational phases of the foam. We use the model to explain the most salient experimental observations. We also formulate a micromechanical, mean-field model of EPP foams, implement the model in a general-purpose finite element code, and carry out computational simulations of the punching experiments. The computational results are in good accord with the experimental results, and they allow us to verify some of the assumptions on which the theoretical model is predicated.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Relative distance and gaze in the use of entity-referring spatial demonstratives: An event-related potential study

Abstract How linguistic expressions are contextually constrained is of vital importance to our understanding of language as a formal representational system and a vehicle of social communication. This study collected behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data to investigate neural processing of two entity-referring spatial demonstrative expressions, this one and that one, in different contexts involving the speaker, the hearer and the referred-to object. Stimulus presentation varied distance and gaze conditions with either semantically congruent or incongruent audiovisual pairings. Behavioral responses showed that distance determined the demonstrative form only in joint gaze conditions. The ERP data for the joint gaze conditions further indicated significant congruent vs. incongruent differences in the post-stimulus window of 525–725 ms for the hearer-associated spatial context. Standardized Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) showed left temporal and bilateral parietal activations for the effect. The results provide the first neural evidence that the use of spatial demonstratives in English is obligatorily influenced by two factors: (1) shared gaze of speaker and hearer, and (2) the relative distance of the object to the speaker and hearer. These findings have important implications for cognitive-linguistic theories and studies on language development and social discourse.
An emerging role for Krüppel-like factors in vascular biology.

The Kruppel-like family of transcription factors play diverse roles regulating cellular differentiation and tissue development. Accumulating evidence supports an important role for these factors in vascular biology. This review examines the current knowledge of this gene family's role in key cell types that critically regulate vessel biology under physiologic and pathologic states.
Beginning to Understand High-Density Lipoproteins

This article reconciles the classic view of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) associated with low risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with recent data (genetics studies and randomized clinical trials) casting doubt over the widely accepted beneficial role of HDL regarding CVD risk. Although HDL cholesterol has been used as a surrogate measure to investigate HDL function, the cholesterol content in HDL particles is not an indicator of the atheroprotective properties of HDL. Thus, more precise measures of HDL metabolism are needed to reflect and account for the beneficial effects of HDL particles. Current and emerging therapies targeting HDL are discussed.
Studies on the visual evoked response: III. Strabismus amblyopia and hysterical amblyopia

1. The foveal visual evoked response is diminished or absent in strabismic amblyopia. This confirms the early report of van Balen & Henkes. 2. There is no such finding in hysterical amblyopia. 3. On the basis of the work of Hubel & Wiesel in experimental animals this confirms the idea that strabismic amblyopia corresponds to an anatomical defect and hysterical amblyopia does not. 4. Practical applications of these findings are suggested.
Water content of the Tanzanian lithosphere from magnetotelluric data: Implications for cratonic growth and stability

Abstract Hydrogen strongly influences mantle rheology and is therefore an important factor in the growth and stability of cratons. Hydrogen also strongly affects electrical conductivity so it is possible to infer the hydrogen content of the lithospheric mantle in-situ and test models of craton formation using magnetotelluric data. Tanzania is an ideal natural laboratory to test hypotheses on lithospheric hydrogen content since it contains regions with very different tectonic regimes including the stable Tanzanian Craton and the East Africa Rift that is reworking lithosphere previously deformed in the East African Orogeny. Additionally, the lithosphere is well sampled by voluminous xenoliths that constrain lithospheric composition and the geotherm, which also affect electrical conductivity. Hydrogen contents were calculated for two locations in Tanzania: the first in the stable central Tanzanian Craton and the second on the eastern margin of the craton where incipient rifting is occurring. The central Tanzanian Craton was found to have a high lithospheric mantle water content of ∼10 −2 wt% which is comparable to that of the oceanic asthenosphere and is hard to reconcile with the long-term survival of the craton. It is possible that the water was introduced into the lithosphere recently by kimberlite volcanism or that, if the lithosphere has had a high water content throughout its history, the central craton has been shielded from deformation by weaker orogens that surround it. The eastern margin of the craton has a water content of 10 −3 to 10 −4 wt% throughout much of the lithospheric mantle that decreases to 10 −4 to 10 −5 wt% at the base of the lithosphere and at depths corresponding to the uppermost plume head. Xenolith data show evidence for partial melting of the plume head and the base of the lithosphere in this dehydrated region. The partial melting and dehydration of a plume head beneath a craton is a present-day observation of the processes that may have formed cratonic roots.
The Child Welfare System: Through the Eyes of Public Health Nurses

Abstract Objective: This qualitative descriptive study investigates how public health nurses working within the child welfare system view the organization and the organization's effect on their case management practice. Design: Semistructured interviews were conducted utilizing the Bolman–Deal Organizational Model. This model identifies four frames of an organization: symbolic, human resources, political, and structural. Sample: A purposive sample of nine nurses and one social worker was selected to participate in comprehensive interviews. Results: Data analysis identified two main themes. The first theme was the presence of organizational structural barriers to providing case management. The second theme was the lack of political influence by the nurses to change the structure of the organization; hence, their skills could be more completely utilized. Conclusions: Public health nurses who work in child welfare will need to systematically analyze their role within the organization and understand how to work in “host settings.” Nursing educators need to prepare public health nurses to work in non-health care settings by teaching organizational analysis.
A stochastic computational method for evaluation of global and local behavior of random elastic media

A stochastic computational method is developed to evaluate global effective properties and local probabilistic behavior of random elastic media. The elasticity solution for random media is addressed with a method that combines a fast iterative numerical method with stochastic decomposition techniques. Stochastic homogenization problems are mathematically formulated with an ensemble average approximation scheme based on a concept of stochastic representative volume element (SRVE). Probabilistic descriptors of local strain are generated based on convolution equations derived from the equilibrium equations of elasticity. With the application of the Galerkin formulation in probability space and the Fourier transform of the convolution equations, an efficient numerical scheme is implemented using an iterative algorithm that takes advantage of fast Fourier transform. Two algorithms are provided for Gaussian and non-Gaussian random media, respectively, with corresponding sufficient conditions for convergence derived. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted for a Gaussian and a non-Gaussian random medium, respectively, with verifications obtained from Monte Carlo simulation.
A Comprehensive Overview of the Security Council

The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century. Edited by David M. Malone. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. 746 pp., $65.00 cloth (ISBN: 1-58826-215-4), $29.95 paper (ISBN: 1-58826-240-5). The UN Security Council: From the Cold War to the 21st Century is a project of the International Peace Academy, edited by the president of the Academy, David Malone. On leave from the Canadian Foreign Service, Malone served as Canada's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1992 to 1994. The forty-nine contributors he has assembled are an impressively diverse group. Many are academics; many have United Nations (UN) or nongovernmental (NGO) experience. They come from a number of UN member-states. The book itself is encyclopedic, containing 746 pages and thirty-nine chapters. The three Appendixes contain information on (1) Security Council mandated peace operations between 1945 and 2003, (2) multinational operations tasked and authorized by the United Nations from 1945 to 2003, and (3) Security Council mandated sanctions regimes. The volume concludes with more than four pages of acronyms, an eighteen-page bibliography, and a twenty-four-page comprehensive index. In the Introduction, Malone asserts that “our approach is not theoretically driven. We are content to let our research and conclusions serve as theory fodder for others” (p. 3). He notes that the Security Council initially viewed its role as preventing a third world war. After the end of the Cold War, however, it began defining its function in terms of preventing regional conflicts that might spillover into global disasters. He sees Operation Desert Storm as a significant turning point in the activities of the Council. According to Malone, “the success of the coalition's military campaign against the Baghdad regime, in retrospect, appears to have induced an era of euphoria in the Council, an era that could not have arisen during the Cold War” (p. 5). A second opening chapter, by Peter Wallensteen and Patrik Johansson, places “Security Council Decisions in Perspective.” Four flow charts present data from 1946 to 2002 on: …
Endoscopic spectral domain optical coherence tomography of murine colonic morphology to determine effectiveness of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a minimally-invasive imaging modality capable of tracking the development of individual colonic adenomas. As such, OCT can be used to evaluate the mechanisms and effectiveness of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer models. The data presented here represent part of a larger study evaluating α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and Sulindac as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents using mice treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). 27 A/J mice were included in the chemoprevention study, subdivided into four treatment groups (No Drug, DFMO, Sulindac, DFMO/Sulindac). 30 mm lateral images of each colon at eight different rotations were obtained at five different time points using a 2 mm diameter spectral domain OCT endoscopy system centered at 890 nm with 3.5 μm axial resolution in air and 5 μm lateral resolution. Images were visually analyzed to determine number and size of adenomas. Gross photos of the excised colons and histology provided gold standard confirmation of the final imaging time point. Preliminary results show that 100% of mice in the No Drug group developed adenomas over the course of the chemoprevention study. Incidence was reduced to 71.43% in mice given DFMO, 85.71% for Sulindac and 0% for DFMO/Sulindac. Discrete adenoma size did not vary significantly between experimental groups. Additional experiments are currently under way to verify these results and evaluate DFMO and Sulindac for chemotherapeutic applications.
A hierarchical data structure for picture processing

In order to speed up several picture processing operations, including edge detection, a “pyramid” (hierarchy of fine to coarse resolution versions of a picture) is produced. The low spatial frequencies preserved in coarse pictures are helpful in finding regions of interest in fine pictures at law cost. Tree structure properties of the pyramid are investigated as well as the transfer function of the compression transformation. A recursive “refining” algorithm is given for edge detection. Its computational savings are demonstrated both theoretically and in practical examples.
In praise of the physical examination

It provides reason and ritual If an alien anthropologist were to visit a modern teaching hospital, “it” might conclude that, judging by where doctors spend most of their time, the business of an internal medicine service takes place around computer terminals. The alien might assume that the virtual construct of the patient, or the “iPatient”,1 is more important than the flesh and blood human being occupying the bed. But the alien would be wrong—patients are what medical care is all about. Yet the electronic medical record and advanced imaging technology have not only seduced doctors away from the bedside but also devalued the importance of their role there. Indeed, intensive care units exist where consultants conduct their “rounds” on the patients and adjust ventilator settings and drugs via telemetry.2 These trends have left educators and trainees in internal medicine in two camps when it comes to the merits of the bedside examination. In the first camp are those who pine for the old days, bemoan the loss of clinical bedside diagnostic skills, and complain that no one knows Traube’s space or Kronig’s isthmus. In the second camp are those who say good riddance and point out that evidence based studies show that many physical signs are useless; some might even argue that examining the patient is just a waste of time. We believe that the truth is somewhere in between. We argue that clinicians who are skilled at the bedside …
Obstacle Avoidance for Groups of Mobile Robots Using Potential Field Technique

An efficient real time path planning method for groups of mobile robots in dynamic environments is introduced. Harmonic potential functions are utilized along with the panel method known in fluid mechanics. First, a complement to the traditional panel method is introduced to generate a more effective harmonic potential field for obstacle avoidance in dynamically changing environments. Second, a group of mobile robots working in an environment containing stationary and moving obstacles is considered. Each robot is assigned to move from its current position to a goal position. The group is not forced to maintain a formation during the motion. Every robot considers the other robots of the group as moving obstacles and hence the physical dimensions of the robots are also taken into account. The path of each robot is planned based on the changing position of the other robots and the position of stationary and moving obstacles. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is shown by modeling groups of an arbitrary number of mobile robots and the theory is validated by several computer simulations and hardware experiments.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Restricted adaptation to prism rearrangement

Changes in eye-foot and eye-hand coordination were measured following 20 min of squint prism viewing (alternate monocular viewing of the movements of each leg with the contralateral eye at 1-min intervals: prism base right for right eye and left for left eye). In different sessions, response changes were measured following the viewing of the left leg with the right eye (prism base right) for periods of i min interspersed with 1-min blank periods (periodic viewing). Sensorimotor changes following the alternate exposure condition were smaller and restricted to eye-foot responses.
Tissue concentration and localization of tetracycline following site-specific tetracycline fiber therapy.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration and location of tetracycline hydrochloride in tissue adjacent to periodontal pockets treated with a tetracycline impregnated fiber. A secondary objective was to determine if the presurgical placement of fibers had any adverse effects on healing following periodontal surgery. The study population consisted of 10 patients with at least 2 pockets in both maxillary quadrants of > or = 5 mm in depth and exhibiting bleeding on probing. After an initial scaling and root planing, placebo or tetracycline fibers were randomly assigned by quadrant to 2 non-adjacent pockets. Fibers were removed at the time of surgery; i.e., day 8, and periodontal surgery was performed utilizing a flap incision that allowed biopsy of 1 interdental papilla from each of the 2 test sites in each quadrant. One biopsy was analyzed for tetracycline concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The second biopsy was examined by both light and ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy to determine the location of residual tetracycline and the intensity of inflammatory cell infiltrates. Results showed that the tissue concentration of the antibiotic in tetracycline treated sites was 64.4 +/- 7.01 ng/mg (ng of tetracycline/mg tissue weight) which corresponds to 43 micrograms of tetracycline and was below levels of accurate measurement in placebo treated sites. Tetracycline tissue concentrations corresponded to the ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.92. Tetracycline fluorescence was noted in the soft tissue wall ranging from 1 to 20 microns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis and crystal structure of [CrCl3(dmpe)]2(μ-dmpe)·2(CH2Cl2): A diphosphine ligand bridging two isolated Cr(III) centers

Reaction of dmpe (bis(1,2-dimethylphosphino)ethane) with CrCl3(THF)3 gives deep red crystalline Cr2(dmpe)3(Cl)6·2CH2Cl2 in 85% yield. The X-ray crystal structure of the title compound shows a bridgingtrans dmpe ligand between two isolated Cr(III) centers. Each Cr(III) atom bears a chelating dmpe group and three Cl atoms in a roughly octahedral geometry. Crystal data: C20H48Cl10Cr2P6,M=933.0, monoclinic,P21/n,a=9.221(3),b=10.587(2),c=21.868(2) A,β=98.962(3)°,Dcalc=1.47 g cm−3,Z=2. FinalR=0.054,Rw=0.063 from 1964 observed reflections (I>3σ(I)), 3489 measured.
A space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for linearized elastodynamics with element-wise momentum balance

Abstract We present a new space–time discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for linearized elastodynamics that delivers exact balance of linear and angular momentum over every space–time element. The method is formulated for use with fully unstructured space–time grids and uses displacement basis functions that are discontinuous across all inter-element boundaries. We introduce a new space–time formulation of continuum elastodynamics that uses differential forms and the exterior calculus on manifolds to generate a system of space–time field equations and jump conditions. Then we invoke a Bubnov–Galerkin weighted residuals procedure to formulate the finite element method. We describe an implementation on patch-wise causal meshes that features linear complexity in the number of elements and special per-pixel accurate visualization. Numerical examples confirm an a priori error estimate and demonstrate the method’s shock-capturing capabilities.
Thoughts on Doctoral Education

The thoughts of a scholar are postulated, on his role as patron, advisor, supervisor and also educator, and the relationships to his students is discussed, whereby new ideas must be explored together to expand a common horizon.
Magnetic and recording properties of sputtered Co-P/Cr thin film media

Sputtered Co-P/Cr longitudinal media exhibiting high recording densities with low transition noise were investigated. Linear recording densities >25 KFCI and SNR >31 dB were obtained with a thin-film head having 14- mu m track width and 0.25- mu m gap, and flying at 0.15 mu m. The magnitude of the recorded transition noise depended strongly on the thickness of the Cr underlayer and the coercive squareness of the Co-P films. A strong dependency of transition noise on the film phase structure was found; Co alloys that could form two phases were from 3-5 times to as much as 10 times quieter than alloys that formed only a single phase. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the presence or absence of ferromagnetic exchange between grains, which when present leads to long-range collective behavior and high transition noise. >
An improved purification of glycosomes from the procyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei.

Abstract The glycosomes of in vitro grown procyclic trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma brucei were purified by three different procedures and the results compared by electron microscopy, enzyme assays and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Centrifugation on a self-forming Percoll gradient followed by a sucrose gradient centrifugation resulted in the least enriched glycosomal preparation. Centrifugation on a pre-formed Nycodenz gradient gave an improved preparation but the most homogeneous preparation of intact glycosomes was obtained after centrifugation on two successive sucrose gradients. Glycosomes purified by both the Nycodenz and double sucrose gradient procedures appeared larger than in situ glycosomes presumably due to an osmotic effect resulting from disruption of the granular matrix of the organelles. Nevertheless, there appears to be no loss of cisternal contents due to the swelling of the organelles. The glycosomes of the bloodstream from trypomastigotes purified by the same procedures show, however, no sign of swelling. A comparison of glycosomes purified from procyclic trypomastigotes and bloodstream form trypomastigotes prepared by the same double sucrose procedure demonstrated that in the glycosome of procyclic trypomastigotes: (1) activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructose kinase, aldolase and phosphoglycerate kinase and diminished by 80–100%; (2) activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase remain unchanged or are only slightly reduced; (3) there is an appearance of four major new proteins, among which could be phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase and malate dehydrogenase. These observations are in basic agreement with those by Hart et al. (Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 12, 25–35, 1984).
Identification of 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B receptor subunits in mammalian retinae : potential pre-synaptic modulators of photoreceptors

Abstract Although serotonin (5-HT) is found in the mammalian retina only at low levels, considerable evidence suggests that it plays a role in visual processing. Pharmacological experiments indicate that numerous receptors for 5-HT are present in the mammalian retina. One of these is the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor. So far, two subunits for this receptor have been identified in the nervous system, 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B. Co-expression of these subunits in Xenopus oocytes is sufficient to reconstitute native 5-HT3 receptor properties. Thus, it is believed that a native neuronal 5-HT3 receptor is multimeric similar to the related acetylcholine receptor family. To determine whether this receptor is expressed in the mammalian retina, we first performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and first demonstrated the presence of transcripts for both the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B receptor subunits. Then using a well-characterized polyclonal antiserum against the 5-HT3A receptor subunit, we demonstrated 5-HT3A receptor immunoreactivity (IR) in the rabbit, rat, and human retina. This IR was localized specifically to the rod photoreceptor terminals in all three species, suggesting that this receptor may modulate the rod signaling pathway by controlling the output at the rod terminals.
Modulator R&D for a next generation linear collider

Planning for the Next Linear Collider (NLC) continues at SLAC, Fermilab, and Lawrence Livermore Lab with help from many other members of the high energy physics community. The frequency of the proposed accelerator is X-band. An X-band klystron developed at SLAC has produced 75 MW peak power capable of driving the NLC. Modulator development to drive this klystron is proceeding on two interconnected paths, one using IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistors) switched induction cores to drive multiple (8) klystrons, and the second path supported by SBIR grants looking at direct IGBT switching or IGBT switches in conjunction with optimized conventional pulse transformers. Conventional thyratron modulators are not yet out of the picture as the long term reliability of IGBTs in pulse service must still be proved. This paper reviews some of the modulator designs in development.
GMCSF and SDF treatment induces neovasculogenesis in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model

Abstract Introduction: Peripheral vascular disease is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Novel strategies to induce neovasculogenesis have revolved around ex-vivo expansion of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC’s) and their transplantation to ischemic tissue. The purpose of this study was to promote native in vivo expansion of EPC’s and targeting of progenitor cells to ischemic tissue utilizing GM-CSF, a bone marrow stimulant, and stromal derived factor (SDF), a known chemokine of EPC’s. Methods: A mouse ischemic hindlimb model was performed by ligation of the superficial femoral artery. 2.5ug of GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously into the experimental group (n = 5) on preoperative day one, on the operative day, and on post-operative day one. 1ug of SDF was injected into the hindlimb musculature after surgery in the experimental group. Saline was injected at these time points to the control group (n = 5). Two weeks later, the soleus muscle was harvested. Maximum force per contraction was obtained by isolated whole muscle mechanics of the experimental and control soleus muscle. Immunohistochemistry staining for von-willebrand’s factor, a marker of endothelial cells and CD133, a marker of EPC’s was performed. Results: The soleus muscle of the experimental groups had a higher maximum force per contraction (19 vs. 24 Newton/cm2, p Conclusions: Combined GMSCF and SDF therapy induces neovasculogenesis preserving muscle function in the murine ischemic hindlimb.
Thermolysis of Benzoenyne-Allenes To Form Biradicals and Subsequent Intramolecular Trapping with a Tetraarylallene To Generate Two Triarylmethyl Radical Centers.

Thermolysis of the benzoenyne−allene 20 in 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) at 75 °C produced the cycloaromatized adduct 23 in 22% yield. The reaction presumably proceeds through a cascade sequence involving an initial Myers cyclization reaction to form the biradical 21. The subsequent trapping of the aryl radical center in 21 with the tetraarylallenic moiety intramolecularly affords 22, having two stabilized triarylmethyl radical centers. Hydrogen-atom abstraction from 1,4-CHD by 22, manifesting its radical character, then produces 23. Similarly, thermolysis of benzoenyne−allenes 25 in 1,4-CHD furnished fluoranthenes 27 in essentially quantitative yields. The presence of the fused five-membered ring in 20 and 25 is necessary to direct the initial biradical-forming step toward the Myers cyclization reaction. Without the five-membered ring as in the cases of 31, the C2−C6 cyclization reaction became the preferred pathway, leading to benzofluorenes 34.
Research on the Work Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People: An Integrative Review of Methodology and Findings.

Abstract The methodology and content of nine published studies on the workplace experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are examined. Findings are integrated within five areas of common content: the pervasiveness of discrimination in the workplace, formal and informal types of discrimination, fear of discrimination, variability of workers in their openness about sexual orientation, and correlates of workers’ degree of openness versus concealment of sexual orientation. The methodology employed in existing research is examined focusing specifically on sampling, data collection, and analyses and presentation of results. Recommendations for improving those aspects of methodology in future studies are made. Finally, ideas for expanding the scope of the content and methodology of research concerning the workplace experiences of this population are presented.
The Role of the Innate Immune System in Sepsis

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by activation of the host inflammatory system in response to infection. The initial phase, manifested by shock, fever, and hypermetabolism, is largely secondary to a hyperinflammatory state and is responsible for the classic signs and symptoms of early sepsis. This review focuses on the early events after infection, offering an overview of the innate immune response in the sepsis syndrome, and concludes with a discussion of immune-targeted therapies.
Actopaxin, a New Focal Adhesion Protein That Binds Paxillin Ld Motifs and Actin and Regulates Cell Adhesion

Paxillin is a focal adhesion adapter protein involved in the integration of growth factor– and adhesion-mediated signal transduction pathways. Paxillin LD motifs have been demonstrated to bind to several proteins associated with remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton including the focal adhesion kinase, vinculin, and a complex of proteins comprising p95PKL, PIX, and PAK (Turner, C.E., M.C. Brown, J.A. Perrotta, M.C. Riedy, S.N. Nikolopoulos, A.R. McDonald, S. Bagrodia, S. Thomas, and P.S. Leventhal. 1999. J. Cell Biol. 145:851–863). In this study, we report the cloning and initial characterization of a new paxillin LD motif–binding protein, actopaxin. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of actopaxin reveals a 42-kD protein with two calponin homology domains and a paxillin-binding subdomain (PBS). Western blotting identifies actopaxin as a widely expressed protein. Actopaxin binds directly to both F-actin and paxillin LD1 and LD4 motifs. It exhibits robust focal adhesion localization in several cultured cell types but is not found along the length of the associated actin-rich stress fibers. Similar to paxillin, it is absent from actin-rich cell–cell adherens junctions. Also, actopaxin colocalizes with paxillin to rudimentary focal complexes at the leading edge of migrating cells. An actopaxin PBS mutant incapable of binding paxillin in vitro cannot target to focal adhesions when expressed in fibroblasts. In addition, ectopic expression of the PBS mutant and/or the COOH terminus of actopaxin in HeLa cells resulted in substantial reduction in adhesion to collagen. Together, these results suggest an important role for actopaxin in integrin-dependent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cell motility and cell adhesion.
Relaxational behavior and swelling‐pH master curves of poly[(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐(ethylene glycol)] hydrogels

Poly[(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-graft-(ethylene glycol)] hydrogels were prepared with a molar ratio of 10:1 of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate to poly(ethylene glycol) of number-average molecular weights (Mn) 200, 400 and 1000 g mol−1 using tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate to give a crosslinking ratio between 0.5 and 4.0 %. Glucose oxidase and catalase were immobilized in the matrix during polymerization. The maximum enzyme loading used was 6.6 × 10−4 g of glucose oxidase per g of polymer. The equilibrium and dynamic swelling properties of these hydrogels were investigated. The pH-dependent equilibrium swelling characteristics showed a sharp transition between the swollen and the collapsed state at pH 7.0. The dynamic response of the hydrogel discs to pH was analyzed in pulsatile pH conditions. The effects of particle size, crosslinking and molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the dynamic swelling response were investigated. The pulsatile nature of the response was analyzed using Boltzmann superposition. Swelling–pH master curves were obtained. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
The Definiteness Cycle in Germanic

In this paper, I provide examples from Germanic of cyclical changes involving the nominal phrase. Using a DP structure, it can be observed that demonstratives in specifier positions of the DP are reanalyzed through time as articles in head positions. The change from demonstrative to article is known as the definiteness cycle and described in Greenberg 1978 and Lyons 1999. Providing examples from Old Norse, Old English, and Afrikaans, I suggest an explanation for the cycle in terms of a cognitive principle, Feature Economy, that assists in language acquisition and hence language change. *
Outcome of peroneal neuropathies in patients with systemic malignant disease.

BACKGROUND Peroneal neuropathies in patients with systemic cancer previously have been attributed to weight loss, but to the authors' knowledge other associated conditions have not been assessed, and the outcome of peroneal neuropathies in cancer patients has not been studied. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 1984 and 1993 with systemic malignant disease and a clinical diagnosis of peroneal neuropathy was performed to define factors associated with peroneal neuropathies and to assess outcome. All patients underwent neurologic examination and electromyography. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients with systemic malignant disease were found to have a peroneal neuropathy. Peroneal neuropathies occurred more often in men (45 patients) than in women (13 patients). The median age of the patients was 70 years. The most common cancers were hematologic (12 patients) and pulmonary (11 patients), followed by tumors of the prostate (8 patients), gastrointestinal tract (7 patients), transitional cell (5 patients), breast (5 patients), and colon (5 patients), as well as sarcomas and melanoma (5 patients). The median time to the diagnosis of peroneal neuropathy after the diagnosis of cancer was 5 months. At the time of diagnosis, 34 patients had severe deficits, 19 had moderate deficits, and 5 had mild deficits. Associated factors included weight loss (occurring in 60% of patients), leg crossing (35% of patients), recent chemotherapy (16% of patients), cutaneous vasculitis (5% of patients), and local metastatic lesions (3% of patients). In nearly 50% of patients, peroneal neuropathy improved (25.9%) or resolved (22.4%). In 39.7% of patients, follow-up was inadequate because death occurred soon after diagnosis. Of the patients with adequate follow-up before death, 80% had either improvement (42.9%) or resolution (37.1%). CONCLUSIONS For those patients with systemic malignant disease in whom peroneal neuropathy develops, the outcome of the neuropathy is good, with the majority of patients achieving partial or complete resolution. Cancer 1998;83:1602-1606. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Optimal Diamond–Dybvig mechanism in large economies with aggregate uncertainty

Abstract This paper characterizes the direct mechanism which implements the constrained optimal outcome in a version of Diamond and Dybvig (1983) with aggregate uncertainty and a continuum of agents. Using this result, numerical examples where the best direct mechanism has a bank-run-equilibrium are easily obtained.
Disfluent Speech Behavior of Preschool Children, High School Seniors, and Geriatric Persons

This investigation ascertained the types and frequency of disfluencies exhibited in the spontaneous speech of three groups of 15 nonstuttering subjects: preschool children, high school seniors, and...
Achromatic diffraction from polarization gratings with high efficiency: erratum

In a previous letter [Opt. Lett.33, 2287 (2008)] the incorrect chiral-molecule concentrations of CB15 and ZLI-811 here provided. That error is corrected here.
The peripheral and central actions of some anticholinergic substances

Abstract The peripheral and central anticholinergic potencies of six glycollic acid esters were measured and compared with similar results for atropine and hyoscine. There was no correlation between estimates of in vivo peripheral anticholinergic activity as measured by production of mydriasis in mice and by antagonism of oxotremorine-induced salivation in mice. The reason for this lack of correlation is not apparent. A significant correlation was demonstrated between estimates of central activity obtained by measuring antagonism of oxotremorine-induced tremors in mice and elevation of the EEG arousal threshold in cat encephale isole preparations. It is concluded that blockade of central cholinergic synapses was responsible for both effects and there is some discussion of the significance of the system involved in EEG arousal. The relationship between chemical structure of the drugs and their pharmacological activity is also discussed.
Quantitative Abnormality of an Aα Chain Molecular Weight Form in the Fibrinogen of Cirrhotic Patients

The molecular weight heterogeneity of fibrinogen from the whole plasma of 12 normal and seven cirrhotic individuals was examined by means of a novel two-dimensional sodium dodecyl suphate (SDS) gel electrophoretic technique. Fibrinogen was first separated from other plasma proteins on a large pore gel, cut out of the gel, reduced, and separated into its component Aalpha, Bbeta and gamma chains on a second gel. Fibrinogen was resolved into two major bands, I and II, on the first gel. The ratio of fibrinogen II to fibrinogens I plus II was approximately 0.3 (range 0.2-0.35) for both normals and cirrhotic patients. Two major molecular weight (mol wt) forms of Aalpha chain were present in normal fibrinogen I: Aalpha/I and/or Aalpha/2, mol wt 7 X 10(4) and 6.7 X 10(4) respectively. Normal fibrinogen II contained either one of these Aalpha chains plus one of the smaller Aalpha chains, Aalpha/6--10, accounting for the 3--4 X 10(4) mol wt difference between bands I and II. Aalpha/2 comprised 33% of the total Aalpha chains (range 27--41%) in normal fibrinogen I and approximately 25% of the Aalpha chains in normal fibrinogen II. In contrast, fibrinogen I from six out of the seven patients contained a lower percentage of Aalpha/2 (range 10--25%). Similarly fibrinogen II from these patients was deficient in Aalpha/2, although the protein contained normal levels of lower mol wt Aalpha derivatives. No correlation was found between per cent fibrinogen II and per cent Aalpha/2 in either normal or cirrhotic subjects. These results suggest that at least two independent processes are responsible for the observed levels of Aalpha heterogeneity in normals and cirrhotics and that the process controlling Aalpha/2 production is a abnormal in cirrhotic individuals. This decrease in Aalpha/2 does not affect the coagulability of fibrinogen. Fibrin monomer aggregation studies indicate that a serum component is, in part, responsible for the abnormally transparent clot formed from the plasma of cirrhotics.
Skin diseases with mucocutaneous involvement

Abstract An attempt has been made to present the specific characteristics of various dermatoses which may be manifest as bullous lesions of the oral mucosa in addition to cutaneous lesions. Appreciation of the distinguishing clinical characteristics and histologic changes should permit the clinician to differentiate among these diseases.
Innovations in compact stellarator coil design

Experimental devices for the study of the physics of high beta (β 4%), low aspect ratio (A 4.5) stellarator plasmas require coils that will produce plasmas satisfying a set of physics goals, provide experimental flexibility and be practical to construct. In the course of designing a flexible coil set for the National Compact Stellarator Experiment, several innovations have been made that may be useful in future stellarator design efforts. These include: the use of singular value decomposition methods for obtaining families of smooth current potentials on distant coil winding surfaces from which low current density solutions may be identified; the use of a control matrix method for identifying which few of the many detailed elements of a stellarator boundary must be targeted if a coil set is to provide fields to control the essential physics of the plasma; the use of a genetic algorithm for choosing an optimal set of discrete coils from a continuum of potential contours; the evaluation of alternate coil topologies for balancing the trade-off between physics objectives and engineering constraints; the development of a new coil optimization code for designing modular coils and the identification of a `natural' basis for describing current sheet distributions.
Application of Polymer Solubility Theory to Solution Phase Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes below 1.5 μm in length are effectively rigid rod-like polymers, but polymer solubility theory has not yet been applied to their solution phase dispersion despite its success in modeling other polymer systems. In this work, we experimentally determine the solubility of arc discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) covalently functionalized with aryl carboxylic acid or aryl hydroxyl groups in aqueous solution using UV−vis−nIR photoabsorption spectroscopy. Empirically, stable suspension is observed when the optical density at 632 nm is above 0.05. The critical level of functionalization required for surfactant-free aqueous suspension is found to be >1.5 and >5.1 functional groups per 100 carbons for the carboxylic acid and hydroxyl aryl groups, respectively. Solubility parameters are estimated by using established polymer solubility theory (Fedors and Refined Solubility Parameter group additivity models), molecular simulations (Maiti Dissipative Particle Dynamics), or a c...
Message attributes of advertising found during daytime fringe talk show television: A descriptive analysis

Advertisements (N=100) appearing during the daytime fringe issue‐oriented talk shows were content analyzed for disproportionate representations of demography, products vs. services, music and sound effects, emotional vs. rational appeals, setting, lengths and cuts. Significant differences were found indicating a disproportionately high number of male voiceovers, Caucasians, promotion of food and beverage, music being used throughout, emotionally based persuasive appeals, use of multiple settings, and a significant correlation between length and number of cuts. The data suggest a specific profile that is currently used in developing daytime fringe advertising.
Kurloff body formation in the guinea pig lymphocyte.

The formation of Kurloff bodies (KB) in the lymphocytes of the guinea pig spleen under various experimental conditions was studied at the ultrastructural level. A relationship between the Golgi apparatus and multivesicular bodies with KB formation was demonstrated. Phagocytosis was excluded as a possible origin of the KB. Negative acid-phosphatase studies questioned a lysosomal relationship. Stimulation of mitosis in the KB cell by estrogens was demonstrated for the first time. It was concluded that KB formation is an internal synthesis not related directly to external secretion.
Effect of chronic administration of dexfenfluramine on stress- and palatability-induced food intake in rats

Dexfenfluramine, administered chronically either SC via osmotic minipump (3 mg/kg/day) or as daily IP injections (1.5 mg/kg) to rats, suppressed tail pinch-induced eating for up to 14 days. The minipump regimen also caused a reduction of intake of a palatable "dessert" for up to 9 days in heavy, adult rats, but was only transiently effective in young, rapidly growing rats. Nonetheless, the regimen produced decreased weight gain and insensitivity to a subsequent acute test dose of the agent. These results illustrate the sustained anorectic efficacy of dexfenfluramine in paradigms that do not involve restriction of diet, and these may be animal models of snacking or binging. The data also corroborate previous suggestions that the agent is more effective in older or more obese populations.
Brightness reversion of mechanical pulps. XIX. Photostabilization of mechanical pulps by UV absorbers: Surface photochemical studies using diffuse reflectance technique

Abstract The photostabilization of softwood (SW) and hardwood (HW) bleached chemithermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) by UV absorbers has been studied using diffuse UV/VIS reflectance technique. Irradiation of SW and HW BCTMP testsheets resulted in the formation of two absorption bands in the near UV with λmax at 360 and 420 nm. Along with these absorption bands there was a near constant absorption in the visible range from 550 to 800 nm. Irradiation of SW and HW BCTMP testsheets treated with 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB) or and 2‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐t‐butyl‐5‐(2‐octyloxycarbonyl)ethyl‐phenyl]2H‐benzotriazole (HPB) resulted in a significant differences in the UV/VIS spectra of the treated testsheets in comparison to the untreated pulps. For the treated pulps, no absorption was observed at λmax∼360 nm and absorption at λmax∼425 nm was significantly decreased with respect to the results acquired with the untreated testsheets. The rate of formation of chromophores that absorbed light in 550–800 nm for the treated testsh...