cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applications of magnetic force microscopy in magnetic storage device manufacturing

Abstract For magnetic storage device manufacturing the still increasing bit densities demand always stronger requirements to the process characterization tools. Of particular interest is the detailed characterization of the microtopography and magnetic morphology of storage device components. Magnetic force microscopic (MFM) investigations have been performed on thin-film discs with low and high bit densities. The influence of the surface topography on the magnetic structures will be presented. Another technical application of the magnetic force microscope is the analysis of inductive thin-film heads. Combined atomic force and magnetic force investigations will be shown.
Hypertension screening among dental patients

The dentist’s potential role in detecting unsuspecting hypertensives among patients is discussed. If dentists measured blood pressures regularly, they might be able to detect about 6% of their suspected hypertensive patients and refer them to physicians. Many individuals with high blood pressure are unaware of their condition, and visit only their dentist, not their physician, yearly.
Integrating visualization to make programming concepts concrete: dot net style

Early programming experiences often set the threshold for making or breaking future software development professionals. Current software development requires programmers' thorough understanding of modern programming concepts that are multi-tiered and that require a high level of abstractions. While these concepts may have taken years to evolve we require our undergraduate students to grasp them within the first two years of their studies. Fortunately modern software development platforms, such as Dot Net, offer easy to use IDE, readily available libraries, easy connectivity to databases as well as access to multimedia capabilities. Programming instructors can easily incorporate these tools to making intricate and abstract programming concepts appear natural and simple for our students to grasp.The author has experimented with using simple GDI+ provided by Dot Net to illustrate programming abstraction with concrete representations. Common to these programs are graphical demonstrations of intricate programming concepts and/or algorithms, such as sort routines, classes verses objects, inheritance, interface, recursion, threading and multi-threading, events and delegates, etc. Most can be converted or extended to a one- to two-week lab/homework assignment. When students visualize in "actions" what they have programmed, they are more readily inclined to associate concepts with application. "A picture is worth a thousand words", definitely applies here; especially when the "picture" they have created appears in "motion" and is fascinating to view.
Inner-outer factorization of nonlinear operators

Abstract A fundamental result in the theory of Hardy spaces of analytic matrix and operator valued functions on the unit disk is inner-outer factorization. For the case of rational matrix functions, explicit formulas for the inner and outer factors have recently been obtained; in these formulas the functions are presented in terms of a collection of finite matrices as the transfer function of a linear system. The key ingredient in the construction is the solution of a linear matrix equation (called a Stein equation). In this paper we obtain extensions of these results to the setting of input-output maps of nonlinear discrete-time systems. A particaular computable class of examples is presented for illustration.
Effect of inflammation on prostatic protein synthesis and luminal secretion in vivo.

AbstractPurpose: Inflammation of the prostate, or prostatitis, can be caused by an infectious process or can occur in a reportedly non-bacterial form, the etiology of which is largely unknown. The present study was undertaken to establish a method of studying prostatic protein synthesis and secretion in vivo and determine the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostatic inflammation on these processes.Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, 24 hours LPS-inflammation, and 24 hours LPS + antibody against tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF).35 S-methionine was perifused in vivo around ventral prostate ducts for 3 hours. Ductal fluid (DF) was collected by micropuncture and ductal extract (DE) was collected by tissue homogenization. DE and DF were then subjected to SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Densitometric analysis of gels and autoradiograms was used to compare protein synthesis (total DE35 S-proteins) and protein secretion (DF35 S-proteins) among the three g...
Relational Aggression, Physical Aggression and Deception During Early Childhood: A Multimethod, Multi-informant Short-Term Longitudinal Study

A short-term longitudinal study examined relational and physical aggression and deceptive behavior among 120 preschool-aged children (M = 44.36 months old, SD = 11.07). Multiple informants and methods (i.e., observational, teacher reports) were used. Evidence for discriminant validity of the observations of aggression subtypes was found. For example, observations of relational aggression were more highly associated with teacher reports of relational aggression than teacher reports of physical aggression. Observed relational aggression was significantly associated with concurrent and prospective increases in deceptive behavior, even after controlling for gender and observed physical aggression. In addition, observed relational aggression was a unique significant predictor of concurrent deception, above and beyond teacher reports of aggression subtypes, which provides important support for the utility of the observational methods.
Effects of oxygen on prismatic faults in α-Ti: a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics study

The mechanical properties of α-Ti are greatly affected by the presence of oxygen impurities. Here we focus on the interaction of oxygen with prismatic faults and oxygen diffusion barriers in α-Ti using a multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach. We show that a one-sixth monolayer of oxygen addition increases the Peierls stress 4-fold and reduces the dislocation core width by 18%. The calculated hardening effect due to oxygen and the oxygen diffusion barriers are consistent with experiments.
Spatial and temporal profiles in millisecond partial oxidation processes

Methods are presented to measure axial species and temperature profiles within catalytic partial oxidation foam monoliths at atmospheric pressure with 0.3 mm spatial resolution using a capillary sampling technique with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The system allows sampling within the catalyst with negligible interference in flow or temperature by using a 0.6 mm quartz capillary containing a thermocouple and possessing a 0.3 mm side orifice. The capillary tightly fills a concentric channel drilled within the 10 mm long ceramic foam minimizing gas bypass. This technique has been used to measure axial catalyst species profiles at temperatures up to 1300 °C for catalytic partial oxidation of methane and ethane to synthesis gas and ethylene, respectively. CH4 and O2 conversion are approximately twice as fast on Rh than on Pt. For C2H6 the reaction products at the catalyst entrance are H2, H2O, CO, and CO2. Ethylene production begins only after ~4 mm into the catalyst after most of the O2 has reacted. Transient operation where the feed composition is varied stepwise between different C/O ratios has also been used to characterize these systems. The capillary sampler has a time resolution of ~0.05 s, and C/O step changes within 0.5 s have been achieved using mass flow controllers. For switches from C/O = 0.6 to 1.4, sharp overshoots are observed for syngas (H2 and CO) and similar undershoots for combustion products (H2O and CO2). By placing the sampling orifice at different positions and stepping the C/O ratio, spatio-temporal profiles can be obtained. Spatio-temporal profiles are extremely important in validating detailed reaction mechanisms because their information content is much higher compared to integral steady state measurements at the reactor outlet. The spatial profiles show where and how quickly different species are formed or consumed along the catalyst axis. Transient profiles provide additional diagnostics of mechanisms and surface coverages because they show how temperature and species concentrations follow a perturbation from steady state.
Nowakowskiella sculptura sp.nov.

Nowakowskiella sculptura sp.nov. has been isolated on cellophane from soil collected in Louisiana, U.S.A. It is characterized primarily by predominantly endo-operculate zoosporangia, small zoospores and highly sculptured resting spores which usually develop from pseudoparenchymata and function as prosporangia in germination. N. macrospora Karling has been rediscovered in a brackish habitat in Maryland, U.S.A., and grown on cellophane in sea water.
Single molecule biochemistry using optical tweezers

The use of optical trapping to create extremely compliant mechanical probes has ushered in a new field of biological inquiry, the mechanical and kinetic study of proteins at the single molecule level. This review focuses on three examples of such study and includes methods of extracting parameters of interest from the raw data such experiments generate.
Breakdown studies of SF/sub 6//argon gas mixtures

Mixtures of argon and SF/sub 6/ were investigated to determine the improvement in the dielectric strength compared to that of pure argon. It was found that a considerable increase in the breakdown voltage was obtained with the introduction of 1% or more of SF/sub 6/. The effective ionization coefficients of the SF/sub 6//argon gas mixtures were calculated from the data by a linear approximation method. Using the ionization coefficient values for pure SF/sub 6/ and for pure argon obtained from published literature, the breakdown voltages for these gas mixtures were then calculated and found to show good agreement with the experimentally derived values. >
Stable Recovery of Sparse Signals and an Oracle Inequality

This article considers sparse signal recovery in the presence of noise. A mutual incoherence condition which was previously used for exact recovery in the noiseless case is shown to be sufficient for stable recovery in the noisy case. Furthermore, the condition is proved to be sharp. A specific counterexample is given. In addition, an oracle inequality is derived under the mutual incoherence condition in the case of Gaussian noise.
Varying the duration of acute exercise: Implications for changes in affect

Abstract Acute bouts of aerobic exercise have been associated with modest reductions in self-reported state anxiety. Some have speculated that certain intensity or duration thresholds must be achieved before such reductions in anxiety can occur. Additionally, most of the previous research has focused on anxiety reduction or alleviation of negative affect with little concern for the positive affect enhancing potential of exercise. The purposes of the present study were to (1) determine whether anxiety reduction differs at two levels of exercise duration; and (2) examine both positive and negative responses to exercise. Sixteen males completed two (15 min, 30 min) randomly ordered exercise bouts (treadmill running at 75% VO2max) on separate days. Affective responses were assessed before, immediately after, and at 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after the exercise bouts. State anxiety was reduced equally for both durations of exercise, positive affect did not change, and 30 min of running reduced negative affect. The ...
Analysis of Severe Plastic Deformation by Large Strain Extrusion Machining

Large strain extrusion machining (LSEM), a constrained chip formation process, is examined as a method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) at small deformation rates for production of ultra-fine-grained (UFG) materials. A finite element procedure is developed for prediction of deformation field parameters such as effective strain, strain rate, and their variation across the thickness of the chip for various cutting (extrusion) ratios. The cutting force (extrusion pressure) and hydrostatic pressures within the deformation zone are also analyzed. A consideration of the deformation occurring in chip formation suggests bounds on the extrusion ratios that can be realized. Implications of the results for production of bulk chip samples of controlled geometry and with an UFG microstructure are discussed.
Structure and mixing properties of pressure-atomized sprays

A theoretical and experimental study of the dense-spray region of pressure-atomized nonevaporating sprays is described, emphasizing flows in the wind-induced and atomization breakup regimes. Mean and fluctuating velocities at the injector exit, mean liquid volume fraction distributions, and entrainment rates were measured for large-scale (9.5 and 19.1 mm injector diameters) water jets in still air at atmospheric pressure. It was found that mixing was strongly influenced by the degree of flow development at the injector exit and the breakup regime: fully developed injector flow and atomization breakup yielded the fastest mixing rates. Predictions based on the locally homogeneous flow approximation, where relative velocities between the phases were neglected, gave encouraging predictions of dense-spray properties in the near-injector region for atomization breakup, including representation of flow development effects at the injector exit.
Business as a Collaborative Partner: Understanding Firms’ Sociopolitical Support for Policy Formation

While many scholars have discussed the merits of collaborative governance, especially for addressing complicated modern policy challenges, the literature has paid less attention to how business can serve as an effective collaborative partner during the formation of mandatory policies and regulations. Drawing on scholarship in the management sciences and combining it with literature in public administration and public policy, the authors elaborate on four distinct types of business responses to proposed regulations based on degrees of political activity and social responsiveness: defensive, reactive, proactive, and anticipatory. They then characterize the reasons why proactive firms are more likely to be valuable collaborative partners with policy makers and public managers: their engagement may avoid costly stalemates that frequently hinder policy making and help develop cost-effective, flexible policy approaches to complex social problems.
Raman study of fresnoite-type materials: Polarized single crystal, crystalline powders, and glasses

Raman spectra are reported for fresnoite-type [Ba2Ti(Si, Ge)2O8] materials. Single crystal and glasses of the endmember compositions, Ba2TiSi2O8 (BTS) and Ba2TiGe2O8 (BTG), along with crystalline powders along the pseudobinary join, Ba2TiSi−xGe2−xO8, are discussed. The polarized single-crystal Raman spectra of BTS show the vibrational bands of the Si2O7 and TiO5 molecular groups. The v (Si-O-Si) mode is found at 666 cm−1, and is relatively weak. The strongest bands in the BTS single crystal spectra are found at 858 cm−1 and 873 cm−1. These are attributed to the v (SiO3) modes and the stretching of a short Ti-O bond, with mixing between them evident. The BTG single crystal polarized Raman spectra show the vs (Ge-O-Ge) mode at 521 cm−1, and a strong band at 841 cm−1 assigned to the stretch of the short Ti-O bond. The angular dependence of the TO-LO splitting is cataloged for the A1(z) stretching modes. The vibrational characteristics of both BTS and BTG are dominated by the molecular groups, and do not show behavior indicative of a sheet structure composed of TiO5 and (Si, Ge)2O7 groups. Raman investigation of the crystalline powders points to the presence of Si2O7, Ge2O7, and SiGeO7 groups within the nonendmember compositions. The BTG glass spectra show correspondence with the BTG crystalline Raman spectra; the vs(Ge-O-Ge) mode occurs at 518 cm−1 in the glass. Fivefold coordinated titanium may be present in the BTG glass, as revealed by a very strong band at 824 cm−1 in the I∥ spectrum. BTS glass spectra also show some similarity with the BTS crystalline spectrum; the strongest band is found at 836 cm−1 in the I∥ glass spectrum. Through comparison with other titania-silicate glasses, we conclude that the BTS glass has a structure similar to the crystalline phase.
Distributed round-robin and first-come first-serve protocols and their applications to multiprocessor bus arbitration

Two new distributed protocols for fair and efficient bus arbitration are presented. The protocols implement round-robin (RR) and first-come first-serve (FCFS) scheduling, respectively. Both protocols use relatively few control lines on the bus, and their logic is simple. The round-robin protocol, which uses statically assigned arbitration numbers to resolve conflict during an arbitration, is more robust and simpler to implement than previous distributed RR protocols that are based on rotating agent priorities. The proposed FCFS protocol uses partly static arbitration numbers, and is the first practical proposal for a FCFS arbiter known to the authors. The proposed protocols thus have a better combination of efficiency, cost, and fairness characteristics than existing multiprocessor bus arbitration algorithms.Three implementations of our RR protocol, and two implementations of our FCFS protocol, are discussed. Simulation results are presented that address: 1) the practical potential for unfairness in the simpler implementation of the FCFS protocol, 2) the practical implications of the higher waiting time variance in the RR protocol, and 3) the allocation of bus bandwidth among agents with unequal request rates in each protocol. The simulation results indicate that there is very little practical difference in the performance of the two protocols.
Improved tribological behavior of boron implanted Ti-6Al-4V

Boron implanted of Ti6Al4V has been conducted at combinations of 32 and 40 keV to supplement that done previously at 75 keV. Shallower boron depth profiles with higher B-concentrations in the Ti64 surface have been obtained by tailoring the combinations of ion energy and dose. This work used three different ion energy and dose combinations of 4 {times} 10{sup 17} B-at/cm{sup 2} at 40 keV plus 2 {times} 10{sup 17} B-at/cm{sup 2} at 32 keV, 4 {times} 10{sup 17} B-at/cm{sup 2} at 40 keV, and 4 {times} 10{sup 17} B-at/cm{sup 2} at 32 keV plus 2 {times} 10{sup 17} B-at/cm{sup 2} at 40 keV. Comparisons are made between Ti6Al4V with a shallow implanted boron depth profile, Ti6Al4V with a deeper boron depth profile and nitrogen implanted using a plasma source ion implantation process. It has been previously shown that while boron implanted Ti64 has a {approximately} 30% higher surface hardness than nitrogen implanted Ti64, the N-implantation reduced the wear coefficient of Ti64 by 25--120x, while B-implantation reduced the wear coefficient by 6.5x or less. The results show that no significant improvement is made in the wear resistance of boron implanted Ti6Al4V by increasing the concentration of boron at the surface from approximately 10% to 43%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD) indicated the formation of crystalline TiB in the implanted surface layer. Shallower depth profiles result in reductions of the Ti6Al4V wear coefficient by 6.5x or less which is the same result obtained earlier with the deeper boron depth profile. Surface hardness of Ti6Al4V with shallower boron depth profiles was improved approximately 10% compared to the results previously acquired with deeper boron depth profiles.
Prostaglandins and Other Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid: An Overview for the Otolaryngologist

\s=b\Metabolites of arachidonic acid have important regulatory functions within several areas of concern to the otolaryngologist. Prostaglandins, composing one group, are involved in smooth-muscle contraction, regulation of renal glomerular blood flow, and in the modulation of immune and allergic responses, inflammation, fever, pain, and tumor growth. A second group, the leukotrienes, may be even more important than prostaglandins in allergy and inflammation. The elusive slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis belongs in this group. Two other metabolites, thromboxane and prostacyclin, seem to be critical in hemostasis and the metastatic spread of tumors. (Arch Otolaryngol 1985;111:317-321)
Study of strapdown navigation attitude algorithms

Typically coning motion has been used as the input to test the effectiveness of attitude algorithms. Jacobian elliptic functions are also shown to meet the criteria for a test input. Simulations using several of these inputs are performed on Miller's algorithm. Analytical evaluation of a Jacobian elliptic function input would be prohibitive. To alleviate this problem Richardson extrapolation is used to numerically evaluate the algorithms for each test input. Additionally, a method for improving all of the attitude algorithms using interpolation is presented.
Relative efficacy and interchangeability ofvarious clobetasol propionate vehicles in the management of steroid-responsive dermatoses.

Background: Topical corticosteroids have long been the cornerstone in thetreatment of steroid-responsive dermatoses. Despite the effectiveness of these formulations, there is a misperception that drugs delivered via ointments are more potent than those delivered via other vehicles. Potency, however, is a complex function of the physical and chemical properties of both the active ingredient and its vehicle. Studies have determined that newer vehicles (eg, lotions), particularly those in the super-high-potency class, not only heighten the ability of the active ingredient to penetrate skin but also are preferred by patients over ointments and creams.
Qualification of Cardiac Troponin I Concentration in Mouse Serum Using Isoproterenol and Implementation in Pharmacology Studies to Accelerate Drug Development

Cardiac troponin I is a useful biomarker of myocardial injury, but its use in mice and application to early drug discovery are not well described. The authors investigated the relationship between cTnI concentration in serum and histologic lesions in heart tissue from mice treated with isoproterenol (ISO). Cardiac TnI concentrations in serum increased in a dose-dependant manner and remained increased twenty-four to forty-eight hours after a single administration of isoproterenol. Increased cTnI concentration was of greater magnitude and longer duration than increased fatty acid binding protein 3 concentration, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and creatine kinase activity in serum. Isoproterenol-induced increases in cTnI concentrations were both greater and more sustained in BALB/c than in CD1 mice and correlated with incidence and severity of lesions observed in heart sections from both strains. In drug development studies in BALB/c mice with novel kinase inhibitors, cTnI concentration was a reliable stand-alone biomarker of cardiac injury and was used in combination with measurements of in vivo target inhibition to demonstrate an off-target contribution to cardiotoxicity. Additional attributes, including low cost and rapid turnaround time, made cTnI concentration in serum invaluable for detecting cardiotoxicity, exploring structure-activity relationships, and prioritizing development of compounds with improved safety profiles early in drug discovery.
Children’s Cortisol and the Quality of Teacher–Child Relationships in Child Care

Teacher–child relationships were examined as predictors of cortisol change in preschool children. Saliva for assays was collected from one hundred and ninety-one 4-year-olds (101 boys) in the mornings and afternoons on 2 days at child care, and before and after a series of challenging tasks and a teacher–child interaction session outside the classroom. Parents reported on children’s temperament, teachers and children reported on teacher–child relationship quality, and observers rated group-level teacher insensitivity. Teacher-reported relationship conflict predicted cortisol increases during teacher–child interaction and teacher-reported overdependence predicted cortisol increases from morning to afternoon, even after controlling for individual teacher, child, and classroom characteristics. The findings extend earlier work by suggesting that cortisol change across the child-care day is influenced by teacher–child relationship characteristics.
Incarceration of one or two phosphate or arsenate species within nanojars, capped nanojars and nanohelicages: helical chirality from two closely-spaced, head-to-head PO43− or AsO43− ions

Unprecedentedly strong binding of HXO42− and XO43− ions (X = P or As) within self-assembled nanohosts with protein-like anion binding cavities is reported. One of the nanohosts binds two XO43− ions at an unusually short distance, resulting in helical chirality.
Model-based bone segmentation from digital X-ray images

A model-based algorithm for long bone segmentation from digital X-Ray images is introduced. The model is based on statistical variations of anatomical data collected after examining diverse bone shapes. This method extends the centroid to boundary distance shape analysis approach. A bone is modeled by two centroid points, one for each of the two epiphysis, and a range of weighted values for the distances between the centroid and the boundary points. To locate the bone in an image, a strong edge belonging to the boundary of the shape should be present within the calculated ranges after edge detection has been performed. The algorithm is scale and rotation invariant. Preliminary results show that the method can identify complete or partial bones, which makes it applicable to detecting common bone fractures.
Selection of a Lamination Shape for a Fast-Cycling Alternating-Gradient Magnet Core

The selection of each dimension of a C-shaped, 18-cps alternating-gradient magnet core lamination is based upon reliability, design, and cost considerations. Cost differentials of magnet-gap height, pole-tip width, return-path widths, etc., are given. Stranded-conductor coils were found significantly more economical to operate than solid conductor coils because of the reduction in eddy-current power. Three cost minimums are discussed: the width of the flux return path, the coil conductor cross section, and the coil aspect ratio. The width of the flux-return path is emphasized and is selected slightly above the minimum cost where the magnetomotive force changes slowly.
Increasing high school girls' self confidence and awareness of CS through a positive summer experience

This paper describes the design, implementation, and impact evaluation of a summer program designed to attract high school girls to entering an information technology field for their college major. Our main contributions include an analysis of immediate and longer term surveys from both the student participants and the female teaching assistants, curriculum and pedagogy highlights of the program, and lessons learned from the planning and implementation experiences.
Effects of PACAP on morphologically identified myenteric neurons in guinea pig small bowel

Intracellular microelectrodes were used to examine the actions of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on morphologically identified myenteric neurons and glial cells of the guinea pig small bowel. PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 evoked excitatory responses in 96% of after hyperpolarizing (AH)/type 2 neurons. The half-maximal concentration for PACAP-27 was 1.5 nM. The responses consisted of membrane depolarization in association with increased input resistance, suppression of hyperpolarizing afterpotentials, and repetitive spike discharge. Forskolin mimicked the action of PACAP in all AH/type 2 neurons. PACAP excited 36% of S/type 1 neurons. Most of the AH/type 2 neurons had Dogiel II morphology, whereas the S/type 1 neurons were uniaxonal with morphology characteristics of Dogiel I or filamentous neurons. No glial cells responded to PACAP. A selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist blocked the excitatory action of PACAP, and this was reversed by a selective A1 antagonist. The results suggest that excitatory PACAP receptors and inhibitory adenosine A1 receptors are linked to adenylate cyclase in AH/type 2 myenteric neurons.
The Mass-Independent Ozone Isotope Effect

Equilibrium chemical processes such as isotopic exchange, diffusion, evaporation, and condensation are sensitive to isotopic mass, and different isotopes may thus be incorporated into molecules at different rates. There are also mass-independent fractionation processes, for example, atmospheric ozone formation. As Thiemens explains in his Perspective, these processes have been much harder to explain. Gao and Marcus have now developed a theory that accounts for ozone isotopic measurements and extends fundamental understanding of gas phase reaction and collisional processes.
Just War Theory and the 2003 Iraq War Forced Displacement

The forced displacement in the wake of the 2003 US coalition invasion of Iraq is the largest in the Middle East since the 1948 Palestinian displacement at the inception of the State of Israel. It has had and is having dire effects upon Iraq and the region, with millions of IDPs resulting from and contributing to sectarian violence within Iraq, and Iraq's neighbours Syria and Jordan hosting the vast majority of refugees. Using the burgeoning third pillar of just war theory (JWT), jus post bellum, or just peace, this paper will examine what duties the US has toward the Iraqi displacement. In doing so, the paper will present overviews of US conduct in the war through the lens of JWT, as well as a discussion on the consequences of the forced displacement. From there, it will be possible to critique US action toward the displacement pursuant to jus post bellum criteria.
Race as a Bundle of Sticks: Designs that Estimate Effects of Seemingly Immutable Characteristics

Although understanding the role of race, ethnicity, and identity is central to political science, methodological debates persist about whether it is possible to estimate the effect of something immutable. At the heart of the debate is an older theoretical question: Is race best understood under an essentialist or constructivist framework? In contrast to the “immutable characteristics” or essentialist approach, we argue that race should be operationalized as a “bundle of sticks” that can be disaggregated into elements. With elements of race, causal claims may be possible using two designs: (a) studies that measure the effect of exposure to a racial cue and (b) studies that exploit within-group variation to measure the effect of some manipulable element. These designs can reconcile scholarship on race and causation and offer a clear framework for future research.
Losing a job on purpose: relationships with borderline personality symptomatology.

Aim The purpose of the present study was to examine one facet of employment viability, losing a job on purpose, among individuals with borderline personality symptomatology (BPS). Methods Using a cross-sectional self-report survey methodology in a combined sample of four prior studies from the same study site (n = 1493), we examined the relationship between losing a job on purpose and two self-report measures for BPS. Results There were 7.6% of participants that endorsed losing a job on purpose, with no statistically significant difference between the proportions of males and females. Point-biserial correlation coefficients revealed that those who endorsed losing a job on purpose scored statistically significantly higher on both measures of BPS and were more likely to exceed the clinical cut-off scores on both measures of BPS. Multiple regression analyses indicated that findings were independent of gender or age. Conclusion One factor in poor employment viability among individuals with BPS appears to be the behaviour of losing a job on purpose.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Secondary to Vancomycin Exposure

A case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is reported in a 64- year-old woman following 8 days of vancomycin for the treatment of a urinary tract infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Diffuse erythematous plaques with dusky centers confluent over the trunk, arms, and axillae, lesions of the oral mucosa, and conjunctiva involvement were present. Beta-lactam antibiotics, sulfa drugs, and anticonvulsants have the highest incidences of SJS. Cases of vancomycin-induced SJS have been reported in the literature. This patient received supportive care and systemic and topical corticosteroids. However, the efficacy and safety associated with the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of SJS remain controversial. Vancomycin has been associated with the development of SJS and the ability of corticosteroids to decrease morbidity, and slow the progression of lesions associated with SJS remains unclear.
Stochastic automatic collision avoidance for tele-operated unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper presents a stochastic approach for automatic collision avoidance for tele-operated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Collision detection and mitigation in the presence of uncertainty is an important problem to address because on-board sensing and state estimation uncertainties are inherent in real-world systems. A feedforward-based algorithm is described that continually extrapolates the future trajectory of the vehicle given the current operator control input for collision avoidance. If the predicted probability of a collision is greater than a user-defined confidence bound, the algorithm overrides the operator control input with the nearest, safe command signal to steer the robot away from obstacles, while maintaining user intent. The algorithm is implemented on a simulated quadrotor helicopter (quadcopter) with varying amounts of artificial uncertainty. Simulation results show that for a given confidence bound, the aerial robot is able to avoid collisions, even in a situation where the operator is deliberately attempting to crash the vehicle.
Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in a safety net setting: Differences between insured and uninsured patients

6566 Background: Despite the safety net system and many other means of providing free or low cost care to women with breast cancer, disparities in health outcomes between uninsured and insured wome...
Creating Fantastic PI Workshops

The goal of this SAND report is to provide guidance for other groups hosting workshops and peerto-peer learning events at Sandia. Thus this SAND report provides detail about our team structure, how we brainstormed workshop topics and developed the workshop structure. A Workshop “Nuts and Bolts” section provides our timeline and check-list for workshop activities. The survey section provides examples of the questions we asked and how we adapted the workshop in response to the feedback.
Alteration of bile salts by bacteria.

SummaryThe ability of a variety of common intestinal microrganisms to grow in bile salt-containing media and to alter the structure of those bile salts was studied. Strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Streptococcus faecalis were adapted by serial transfer in cholate-containing media to grow more rapidly in high concentrations of cholate and to alter the composition of the cholate more rapidly than unadapted cultures. E. coli was also shown to alter the structure of deoxycholate. Low concentrations of linoleic or palmitic acids when added to cholate-containing media partially overcame the inhibition of growth and cholate-altering capacity of E. coli. 7-Ketodeoxycholate was the principal metabolite of cholate in continuously aerated cultures of E. coli. The conditions used for transfer of mixed cultures and the isolation of one apparently pure culture of organisms from rat cecum which was capable on 2 first transfers, but not subsequently, of converting cholic acid to deoxycholic acid were de...
Biomechanical regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in the renal collecting duct.

High-dietary sodium (Na), a feature of the Western diet, requires the kidney to excrete ample Na to maintain homeostasis and prevent hypertension. High urinary flow rate, presumably, leads to an in...
The effect of disease on the evolution of females and the genetic basis of sex in populations with cytoplasmic male sterility

The evolution of separate males and females is an important evolutionary transition that has occurred multiple times in flowering plants. While empirical studies have stressed the potential importa...
Irreversibility and Regional Sustainable Development

The scarcity of the environmental resources and the irreversibility of the production process are the roots of the conflicts and the contradiction between the human beings and the nature.Therefore,a moderate economical activity according to the resources supporting capacity and the environmental capacity can ensure that the regional resources can be used continuously and can allow for a regional sustainable development.
NETWORKED STRUCTURAL LABORATORIES:DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF REMOTE PSEUDO-DYNAMIC TESTING PLATFORMS FOR BRIDGE STRUCTURES

A networked structural laboratories system is established for shared use of laboratory facilities and improving testing capacity.The system consists of a network based communication platform and a series of remote collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing platforms.A simplified single-degree-of-freedom platform and a multi-degree-of-freedom testing platform are developed for simulating the seismic response of bridge structures.Both of the two testing platforms consist of four types of modules,namely control center,physical tester,virtual tester and observer.The control center organizes the testing procedure and handles numerical integrations.The physical tester and the virtual tester generate restoring forces of substructures by operating testing facilities and computing resources respectively.The observer monitors the testing process and shares the testing results without any interference of the test.A standard ActiveX control is utilized to provide transferring of control signals and feedback data between the physical tester and MTS Electro-hydraulic servo system.A series of virtual and physical hybrid tests of bridge structures under earthquake excitations were carried out.The results validate the reliability of the testing platforms.
Simultaneous determination of As and Hg in fresh eggs by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry with microwave digestion

Objective:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of As and Hg in fresh eggs by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry with microwave digestion.Methods:Under the proposed conditions,As and Hg were determined in fresh eggs by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry with microwave digestion.Results:The detection limits were 0.036 μg/L for arsenic and 0.0074 μg/L for mercury.The linesr calibration curves for arsenic and mercury were respectively within the range of 1.0～20.0 μg/L and 0.1～4.0 μg/L,and their correlative coefficients were 0.9998 and 0.9996.The RSD for AS at 2.0 μg/L and Hg at 0.4 μg/L was respectively 2.2% and 3.1%.The standard recovery rates of spiked samples were in the range of 98.8%～102% for As and 97.4%～104% for Hg.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and of low detection limits.It suits the simultaneous determination of As and Hg in fresh eggs.
Thrombosis at the Site of Pulmonary Venous Anastomosis Following Lung Transplantation Presenting with Multiple, Bilateral, Supra- and Infra-Tentorial Ischemic Strokes in the Setting of a Known Patent Foramen Ovale (P4.355)

OBJECTIVE: To highlight an unusual stroke phenotype following bilateral lung transplantation (LT) BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurologic complications following LT are a source of increased morbidity and mortality; strokes represent the most common and serious neurologic complications. In 2013, 4,111 LTs were performed in the world, with approximately more than 75[percnt] of those being bilateral LTs. The prevalence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is approximately 25[percnt]. We cared for a 52-year-old woman with history of prior strokes, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and known PFO, who had multiple ischemic strokes immediately following LT. METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: A 52-year-old woman with end-stage emphysema, DVT, prior ischemic stroke and known PFO had bilateral LT. Immediately following surgery, she developed left arm weakness and slurred speech. She had been taking aspirin prior to her LT that had been discontinued pre-operatively. Neurologic examination demonstrated mild dysarthria and impaired left hand dexterity. MRI showed acute multiple ischemic strokes in both hemispheres. Trans-esophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a large left upper pulmonary vein thrombus at the site of transplant anastomosis, PFO, and an atrial septal aneurysm. She was treated with unfractionated heparin and had closure of her PFO and thrombectomy of the pulmonary vein thrombus. Post-operatively, she received warfarin and aspirin. Follow-up neurologic examination showed complete resolution of her dysarthria and left upper extremity weakness. Possible mechanisms behind our patient’s strokes could be either embolization from the pulmonary vein thrombus, and or paradoxical embolism through the PFO. CONCLUSIONS: PFO-related stroke risk over time remains a controversial matter and so does its prevention by closure, as there is no current evidence-based data to justify this procedure except on anecdotal basis. LT patients may represent a subset population who could benefit from pre-operative PFO screening and closure, especially if they have a history of prior strokes. Disclosure: Dr. Yeung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakhos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Biller has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Frontier in Neurology and Up-To-Date.
Patient-reported outcome measurement in drug discovery: a tool to improve accuracy and completeness of efficacy and safety data

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) reflect how patients feel and function as conveyed directly by patients themselves, for example symptoms and physical functioning. PRO measures can be included in any phase of product development as primary, secondary, or exploratory endpoints to understand the impact of treatment on the patient experience.Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe approaches commonly used to assess PROs in drug development programs, including how to select or develop outcomes and measures, implement these in trials, and analyze data. Barriers and facilitators for effectively including PROs in clinical trials are discussed, and strategies for making labeling claims based on PRO data are noted.Expert opinion: Early planning with PRO experts is recommended to assure a successful PRO strategy in a product development program. Outcomes that are meaningful to patients should be rationally identified early in a product development program based on qualitative work,...
Carvedilol and the Food and Drug Administration approval process: an introduction.

Abstract We discuss briefly the new drug carvedilol (Coreg®), a beta-blocker, alpha-blocker, and antioxidant. This drug was developed for congestive heart failure in a series of trials, four in the United States and one in Australia and New Zealand, briefly summarized in this document. We also summarize the classical paradigm of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug approval and the FDA’s use of advisory committees. This document serves as background to the discussion of carvedilol’s approval.
Bio-Inspired Sensor Skins for Structural Health Monitoring

This paper presents the simulation and experimental work that proved the feasibility of using a patch antenna for strain measurement. A patch antenna, usually serves as a data-transmitting device, can also function as a transducer that directly encodes the experienced strain into its resonant frequency. Printed on a flexible substrate, the antenna sensor is small in size, has a low profile, and can be conformal to any attached surface. Future work on interrogating the antenna sensor using a wireless noncontact method is also discussed. Without needing electric wiring for power supply and data transmitting, the antenna sensor has a great potential for the realization of engineered sensor skins that imitate the sensor of pain for structural health monitoring purpose.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Impact of 3D Chromosomal Topology in Acute Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia characterized by excessive proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitors. AML continues to have a dismal survival rate amongst all subtypes of leukemia ( STAG2 , SMC1A , RAD21 and SMC3) and well-characterized AML oncogenic triggers , such as FLT3-ITD, TET2, and NPM1. Recent work has demonstrated an important role for the cohesin complex in normal stem/progenitor self-renewal and differentiation, gene regulation, and suppression of myeloproliferative neoplasms and AML, despite the precise mechanisms underlying these functions remaining poorly understood. It is believed that cohesin may suppress tumor formation by regulating chromatin looping at loci critical for self-renewal and myeloid progenitor differentiation. Utilizing established models of murine and human AML, this we will focus on the molecular mechanisms of cohesin-dependent myeloid tumor-suppression, with an emphasis on understanding novel treatment approaches that can exploit these functions. Using established protocols for identifying genome-wide changes in chromatin topology and gene expression, we propose undertaking an extensive characterization of cohesin-regulated chromatin changes driving AML. Furthermore, we investigate the application of targeted agents in cohesin-deficient AML whilst extensively mapping the mechanisms-of-action underlying these specific treatments. Ultimately, our work aims to generate novel, pre-clinical disease models of cohesin-mutated AML with strong mechanistic insights into the tumor-suppressive function of this complex. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
ML-IDS: A machine learning approach to detect wormhole attacks in Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging business model aimed to connect many low-power embedded devices with internet. IoT has many applications in building smart cities, smart environment, e-health care, etc. Due to the presence of unreliable internet and new routing protocols for low-power devices, IoT requires innovative security solutions. In this paper, we present three new Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) for IoT: 1) K-means clustering unsupervised learning based IDS; 2) decision tree based supervised IDS; and 3) a hybrid two stage IDS that combines K-means and decision tree learning approaches. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first machine learning based IDSs (together called as ML-IDS) for IoT. All the three IDS are centralized and scalable approaches. The K-means approach achieves 70–93% detection rate for varying sizes of random IoT networks. Decision tree based IDS achieves 71–80% detection rate and the hybrid approach attains 71–75% detection rate for the same network sizes. Although the hybrid IDS obtains lower detection rate, it is more accurate than the other two approaches. The hybrid approach eliminates the false positives significantly, while the other two IDS suffer from a higher number of false positives. Similar results are also obtained for regular mesh, star and ring topologies of IoT networks, each comprising 16 nodes.