cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADHD, learning difficulties and sleep disturbances associated with KCNJ11-related neonatal diabetes.

Objectives Mutations in KCNJ11 are the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). Approximately 25% of patients have obvious neurological dysfunction, but whether milder related problems might be more common has been unclear. We sought to assess the prevalence of parental concerns about learning, behavior, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), social competency, and sleep in subjects with KCNJ11-related NDM compared to unaffected sibling controls. Study design Subjects or their guardians in the University of Chicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry completed a survey examining learning, behavior, ADHD and sleep. Thirty subjects with KCNJ11 -related NDM and 25 unaffected sibling controls were assessed. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6. Nonparametric analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test for group comparisons. Results Thirteen (43%) individuals with KCNJ11 -related NDM had treatment for or a diagnosis of ADHD compared to two (8%) of the sibling controls (P < 0.05). Compared to their sibling controls, individuals with KCNJ11 mutations had significant differences in behavior difficulties, social awareness, academic achievement and the need for an Individualized Education Plan (IEP). As seen in other neurodevelopmental disorders, individuals with KCNJ11 mutations also had significantly higher rates of sleep difficulties (P < 0.01). Conclusion Patients with KCNJ11 -related NDM are at an increased risk for delays in learning, social-emotional and behavioral development, ADHD and sleep difficulties based on parent report. Early identification, along with integrated medical and developmental support, may promote better neurodevelopmental outcomes for this unique population. Further investigation utilizing detailed neuropsychological testing will better define the neurodevelopmental consequences of KATP mutations.
Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Marijuana Use: The Role of Depressive Symptoms

Objective: The present study sought to examine the relations among disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs; ie, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder [CD], oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]), depressive symptoms, and marijuana use among a sample of late adolescents and emerging adults. Method: A total of 900 students (75.8% female, 80.3% Caucasian, M[age] = 20) from a large public university completed an online survey. Results: Findings indicated that depressive symptoms mediated the relation between the marijuana use and past symptoms of ADHD, past diagnosis of ADHD, CD symptoms, CD diagnosis, and ODD diagnosis. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms represent a link between DBDs and marijuana use that is suggested, but not well documented in the existing literature. The current findings add to this evidence and suggest a need to assess individuals presenting with symptoms of DBDs for depressive symptoms, as this symptom pattern may result in a greater likelihood of marijuana use.
Increased Incidence of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer in Arizona: A Comprehensive 15-year Analysis of the Arizona Cancer Registry.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in Arizona, using the Arizona Cancer Registry. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with colorectal cancer reported in the Arizona Cancer Registry from 1995-2010. Outcome measure: incidence of CRC in patients younger than 50 years. Results: A total of 39,623 cases of colorectal cancer were reported to the Arizona Cancer Registry during a period of 15 years. Overall, there was a 17% decrease in the incidence of CRC. However, there was a 23% increase in incidence among patients in the age group 10-50. The most significant increase (102%) in overall CRC incidence was seen in the age group 10-29. The highest increase (110%) in incidence of colon cancer was observed in the same age group, while the most significant increase in incidence rates (225%) of rectal cancer was seen in the age group 30-34. Conclusion: Although there is an overall decrease in incidence of colorectal cancer in Arizona, alarming increase in incidence of early-onset CRC was observed; mirroring the national trends.
Non-rigid full torso respiratory motion correction of SPECT studies

Respiratory motion artifact is one of the factors limiting the diagnostic accuracy of SPECT or PET. Full-torso respiratory motion correction in general requires non-rigid respiratory motion estimation and correction due to different organs moving at different rates and possibly directions. In work we presented a method to reduce noise and equalize organ counts in SPECT, to aid non-rigid motion estimation via registration. This is done by transforming the intensities by a function which reduces the noise variance as well as brings the different organ counts to similar levels. We also address the issue of uneven counts in different respiratory states as done in our previous work when addressing rigid registration of the heart for Cardiac SPECT. Then we perform affine registration and B-spline-based free-form deformation on the transformed datasets to obtain the motion estimates. We incorporate the motion estimates within MLEM reconstruction for motion correction as done previously. We applied the method to four actual patient acquisitions. For all four patient datasets we found differences and improvements after corrections. We are also investigating our methodology with NCAT phantom simulations where the truth is know. The NCAT we use was modified to have non-rigid organ motion with respiration.
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy in congestive heart failure. Indications and complications.

PreviewShould all patients with congestive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias receive prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy? What are the potential risks of such therapy? Dr Ravid discusses the findings of recent and ongoing studies of antiarrhythmic agents and presents practical guidelines for use of these drugs in patients with heart failure.
Paramyxovirus Outbreak in a Long-Term Care Facility: The Challenges of Implementing Infection Control Practices in a Congregate Setting

OBJECTIVE We report an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections in a dementia care ward containing 2 separately locked units (A and B) to heighten awareness of these pathogens in the older adult population and highlight some of the infection prevention challenges faced during a noninfluenza respiratory viral outbreak in a congregate setting. METHODS Cases were defined by the presence of new signs or symptoms that included (1) a single oral temperature ≥ 37.8°C (100.0°F) and (2) the presence of at least 2 of the following symptoms: cough, dyspnea, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, congestion, fatigue, and malaise. Attempted infection-control measures included cohorting patients and staff, empiric isolation precautions, and cessation of group activities. Available nasopharyngeal swab specimens were sent to the Tennessee Department of Health for identification by rT-PCR testing. RESULTS We identified 30 of the 41 (73%) residents as cases over this 16-day outbreak. Due to high numbers of sick personnel, we were unable to cohort staff to 1 unit. Unit B developed its first case 8 days after infection control measures were implemented. Of the 14 cases with available specimens, 6 patients tested positive for RSV-B, 7 for HMPV and 1 patient test positive for influenza A. Overall, 15 cases (50%) required transfer to acute care facilities; 10 of these patients (34%) had chest x-ray confirmed pulmonary infiltrates; and 5 residents (17%) died. CONCLUSIONS This case report highlights the importance of RSV and HMPV in causing substantial disease in the older adult population and highlights the challenges in preventing transmission of these viruses. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:399-404.
Habitat fragmentation has some impacts on aspects of ecosystem functioning in a sub-tropical seagrass bed

Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystem functioning in many ways, including reducing the availability of suitable habitat for animals and altering resource dynamics. Fragmentation in seagrass ecosystems caused by propeller scarring is a major source of habitat loss, but little is known about how scars impact ecosystem functioning. Propeller scars were simulated in seagrass beds of Abaco, Bahamas, to explore potential impacts. To determine if plant-herbivore interactions were altered by fragmentation, amphipod grazers were excluded from half the experimental plots, and epiphyte biomass and community composition were compared between grazer control and exclusion plots. We found a shift from light limitation to phosphorus limitation at seagrass patch edges. Fragmentation did not impact top-down control on epiphyte biomass or community composition, despite reduced amphipod density in fragmented habitats. Seagrass and amphipod responses to propeller scarring suggest that severely scarred seagrass beds could be subject to changes in internal nutrient stores and amphipod distribution.
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells under Mechanical Stress: Altered Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Fibrosis

Abstract Background: Secondary lymphedema, resulting from damage to lymphatic vessels, is a common sequela following surgical removal of lymph nodes for cancer. Current therapeutics for treating lymphedema are limited and further research on underlying causes is warranted. Published studies on molecular mechanisms of lymphedema primarily focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), which comprise the innermost lining of lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels. However, traditional static culture of LECs may not adequately recapitulate the lymphedemous cell phenotype as transcriptomal comparison of human dermal LECs has shown significant differences in ex vivo and in vitro LEC gene expression. In this study, we designed a dynamic culture system, in which LECs were exposed to physiologic and excess mechanical strain to determine if native and lymphedemous phenotypes could be reproduced in vitro. Methods and Results: Purified human LECs were cultured in silicon dishes and subjected to 0% (control), 4%, ...
Recurso multimedia para elaborar la presentación de caso en Odontopediatría

Este articulo analiza la experiencia del proceso de la planificacion, la elaboracion y la validacion de un recurso multimedial, con el objetivo de brindar al estudiante del curso Clinica de Odontopediatria y Ortodoncia I, de la Licenciatura en Odontologia de la Universidad de Costa Rica, una guia teorica y practica para la elaboracion de la presentacion de caso del paciente pediatrico. Este estudiante no ha realizado practicas previas donde integre la informacion de la anamnesis con los examenes clinico y radiografico, lo que se evidencia durante el proceso de la presentacion de caso, que revela algunas debilidades tales como la ausencia de informacion, la falta de orden y de analisis integrado de los registros, provocando errores en el diagnostico y, por lo tanto, en el plan de tratamiento. El recurso se aplico durante el segundo semestre del 2016, con un grupo voluntario de 12 estudiantes de cinco grupos diferentes de Clinica, quienes utilizaron el recurso multimedia segun su necesidad y disponibilidad luego de una sesion presencial de induccion y validacion. Posteriormente, se realizo una segunda sesion de discusion acompanada de un instrumento de validacion (cuestionario). Los estudiantes expresaron una valoracion muy positiva del recurso multimedia porque les facilita el aprendizaje del orden y la verificacion de la documentacion, ello favorece la revision y el analisis de todos los registros necesarios para el diagnostico y la elaboracion del plan de tratamiento.
A Community-Based Approach to Primary Health Care

Primary care involves the day-to-day medical services that individuals require. In this way, care represents a central part of an inclusive primary health care (PHC) strategy. PHC includes the broadest scope of healthcare, reaching patients of all ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, geographic origins, and health issues. But when PHC becomes truly communitybased, interventions move beyond a focus on increasing access to service sites and information. At the heart of community-based health care is a reconceptualization of health delivery and planning. Community-based health care does not simply expand access to health services but rather deploys communities to give direction to any health initiatives. Ignoring this realm of agency reduces health care to issues of delivery efficacy. On the other hand, a PHC approach is community-based when health plans are designed from the ground up and reflect the everyday lives of community members.
Precarious Life in the High Rise: Neoliberal Urban Interiors in Rec (2007) and Mientras duermes (2011)

Rec and Mientras duermes make visible an immunization logic that legitimizes biopolitical governance and sovereignty on the basis of the threat under which women find themselves in the feminized interiors of high rises. The infection in Rec underlines the awareness that immunization can quickly become autoimmunization, and biopolitical governance can go from defending us against them to defending them against us. The unpredictability of the psychopath in Mientras duermes makes the idea of threat absolute, which gives sovereign powers total control. Therefore, these films assert the legitimacy of the forces that govern public spaces and deny citizens their right to the city. In the end, they support a masculinist logic of sovereignty and control over city life and urban development.
Towards application-aware anonymous routing

This paper investigates the problem of designing anonymity networks that meet application-specific performance and security constraints. We argue that existing anonymity networks take a narrow view of performance by considering only the strength of the offered anonymity. However, real-world applications impose a myriad of communication requirements, including end-to-end bandwidth and latency, trustworthiness of intermediary routers, and network jitter. We pose a grand challenge for anonymity: the development of a network architecture that enables applications to customize routes that tradeoff between anonymity and performance. Towards this challenge, we present the Application-Aware Anonymity (A3) routing service. We envision that A3 will serve as a powerful and flexible anonymous communications layer that will spur the future development of anonymity services.
Concepts, Values, and Methods for Technical Human–Computer Interaction Research

Technical HCI research seeks to improve the world by expanding the set of things that can be done with computational systems. This chapter considers this work as invention—the creation of new things—contrasted with activities of discovery which are concerned more with understanding the world. We discuss the values, goals, and criteria for success in this approach. Technical HCI research includes both directly contributing to some human need and indirectly contributing by enabling other technical work with things like toolkits.
Apnea of prematurity: theophylline v. caffeine.

During a fifteen month period, 401 two channel (heart rate and respiratory impedance), 12 hour pneumocardiograms on 277 preterm infants were performed. Each pneumocardiogram was evaluated according to the following set of criteria: prolonged apnea (apnea > 19 seconds or shorter if associated with heart rate of 2 seconds or observed cyanosis); short apnea (apnea 10-19 seconds); periodic breathing (normal respiratory pattern interrupted by > 2 breathing pauses of > 5 seconds during > 1 minute duration). Apnea density was used as prime measure in determining abnormal pneumocardiograms and was defined by total apnea time (seconds) x 100 divided by recording time while periodic breathing index defined by total periodic breathing time (minutes) x 100 divided by recording time. Sixty infants (24%) had apnea densities > or = 5 which prompted therapy with theophylline. Sixteen of these infants (27%) failed to resolve their apnea within 7 days (apnea density > or = 3) and were placed on caffeine citrate. Caffeine decreased the apnea density of fourteen of these infants (88%) to 0.8 (95% CI; 0-2.3). Efficacy of both methylxanthines to normalize the pneumocardiogram was similar (p = 0.5). Persistent apnea unresponsive to theophylline may respond to orally administered caffeine citrate.
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with extremely high mortality and represents a true surgical emergency. Majority of the patients do not even make it to the hospital. Of the patients presenting to hospital and receiving an operation, mortality remains high. With the evolution of endovascular technology, endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) is now being offered to an increasing number of patients presenting with ruptured AAA. A general surgeon should be able to know the basic steps involved in controlling hemorrhage in patients presenting with ruptured AAA.
Reprogramming Cooperative Monotone Dynamical Systems Behaviors

Multistable dynamical systems are ubiquitous in nature, especially in the context of regulatory networks controlling cell fate decisions, wherein stable steady states correspond to different cell phenotypes. In the past decade, it has become experimentally possible to “reprogram” the fate of a cell by suitable externally imposed input stimulations. In several of these reprogramming instances, the underlying regulatory network has a known structure and often it falls in the class of cooperative monotone dynamical systems. In this paper, we therefore leverage this structure to provide concrete guidance on the choice of inputs that reprogram a cooperative dynamical system to a desired target steady state. Our results are parameter-independent and therefore can serve as a practical guidance to cell-fate reprogramming experiments.
Islam, Heritage, and Preservation: An Untidy Tradition

In this article I argue that the study of cultural heritage preservation practices in the context of Muslim societies has been constructed—and obstructed—through specific historical trajectories an...
Using Data-Driven Domain Randomization to Transfer Robust Control Policies to Mobile Robots

This work develops a technique for using robot motion trajectories to create a high quality stochastic dynamics model that is then leveraged in simulation to train control policies with associated performance guarantees. We demonstrate the idea by collecting dynamics data from a 1/5 scale agile ground vehicle, fitting a stochastic dynamics model, and training a policy in simulation to drive around an oval track at up to 6.5 m/s while avoiding obstacles. We show that the control policy can be transferred back to the real vehicle with little loss in predicted performance. We compare this to an approach that uses a simple analytic car model to train a policy in simulation and show that using a model with stochasticity learned from data leads to higher performance in terms of trajectory tracking accuracy and collision probability. Furthermore, we show empirically that simulation-derived performance guarantees transfer to the actual vehicle when executing a policy optimized using a deep stochastic dynamics model fit to vehicle data.
Mental Health Issues in Racial and Ethnic Minority Elderly.

With the current demographic shifts, the USA will soon become a “majority minority” country. While the population of the USA over the age of 65 years is projected to increase from 13.5% to 20% in 2030, racial and ethnic minority elderly, who are now 21% of the population, will increase to 44% by 2060. As the population of racial and ethnic minority elderly continues to grow, there is a demographic and public health imperative to understand how to better care for this population. This review evaluates the impact of race, ethnicity, and culture on the aging process, psychopathology, psychiatric care, psychiatric education, and clinical research. Relevant advances in recent literature are reviewed, and gaps in cultural competency education and training, and clinical research are identified. Clinical recommendations and future directions are highlighted, as an effort to improve care for this underserved population at risk. By striving to better care for racial and ethnic minority elders, one of the most marginalized populations, health care is improved for all.
Dynamic Telecytopathology-Guided Rapid On-Site Assessment of Percutaneous Image-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Hepatic Lesions: An Institutional Review of 178 Cases.

Background: Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) of image-guided fine-needle aspiration (IGFNA) of hepatic lesions is necessary to ensure adequate sample collection and render preliminary diagnosis. We ...
The Influence of Personal and Physical Contexts on OTs’ Intervention Choices When Addressing Contractures

Date Presented 04/06/19 This quantitative, cross-sectional survey design study conducted with 409 OTs investigated the influence of practice and personal context factors on the choices that OTs make when addressing upper-extremity contractures. In interventions that had a high likelihood of being used, specifically static splinting, stretching, and positioning, there were no practice context barriers found, yet it was with these interventions that there was little belief in their effectiveness. Primary Author and Speaker: Heather Thomas
Translating national discourse into teaching and learning outcomes: Portability and connectivity in developing countries’ ICT in education (ICT4E) initiatives:

We analyze information and communication technology in education initiatives in two South American countries: Bolivia and Uruguay. Utilizing qualitative data collection and analysis methods, we con...
High fidelity estimates of spikes and subthreshold waveforms from 1-photon voltage imaging in vivo

Abstract The ability to probe the membrane potential of multiple genetically defined neurons simultaneously would have a profound impact on neuroscience research. Genetically encoded voltage indicators are a promising tool for this purpose, and recent developments have achieved high signal to noise ratio in vivo with 1-photon fluorescence imaging. However, these recordings exhibit several sources of noise that present analysis challenges, namely light scattering, out-of-focus sources, motion, and blood flow. We present a novel signal extraction methodology, Spike-Guided Penalized Matrix Decomposition-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SGPMD-NMF), which resolves supra- and sub-threshold voltages with high fidelity, even in the presence of correlated noise. The method incorporates biophysical constraints (shared soma profiles for spiking and subthreshold dynamics) and optical constraints (smoother spatial profiles from defocused vs. in-focus sources) to cleave signal from background. We validated the pipeline using simulated and composite datasets with realistic noise properties. We demonstrate applications to mouse hippocampus expressing paQuasAr3-s or SomArchon, mouse cortex expressing SomArchon or Voltron, and zebrafish spine expressing zArchon1.
Mobility Options for Visually Impaired Persons with Diabetes: Considerations for Orientation and Mobility Instructors:

This article describes ocular and other complications of diabetes that orientation and mobility instructors should consider in determining the most appropriate mobility training for persons with di...
Epidemiology, management, and graft outcomes after West Nile virus encephalitis in kidney transplant recipients.

Background Minimal data exist describing the epidemiology, management, and long-term graft outcomes after West Nile viral disease in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Methods Single-center observational cohort study of patients who received a kidney transplant between 1/1/1994 and 12/31/2018 and developed WNV at any time point after transplantation. Results During the 24-year study period, 11 patients had documented WNV infection. Seven patients were recipients of a kidney transplant alone, and four had a simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplant. The mean age at the time of transplant was 44.7 ± 17.1 years, and the mean age at the time of WNV infection was 48 ± 17.2 years. All patients received lymphocyte depleting induction at transplant (alemtuzumab (n = 2), OKT3 (n = 1), or anti-thymocyte globulin (n = 8)). The mean time from transplant to WNV infection was 3.4 ± 5.4 years, and none was suspected of having a donor-derived infection. Three patients were treated for rejection in the 6 months before infection. The most common presenting symptom was altered mental status (n = 7), followed by a combination of fever and headache (n = 4). All patients had detectable serum WNV IgM antibodies at the time of diagnosis. All patients had a reduction in their immunosuppression and received supportive care; only two patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. Nine patients recovered with no residual deficit; however, two suffered permanent neurologic damage. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate drop at 1 year after the infection was 8.4 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Three patients suffered acute rejection within 1 year after the infection episode, likely attributable to aggressive immunosuppressive reduction. The mean follow-up after the infection was 5.1 ± 4.3 years. At last follow-up, two patients lost their kidney allograft, and five patients died. None of the graft losses or deaths occurred within a year of the WNV or were directly attributable to WNV. Conclusion The majority of patients with WNV infection after KTR recovered fully with supportive care and immunosuppressive adjustment without residual neurologic sequelae. Additionally, WNV infection was associated with relatively small reductions in eGFR at 1 year.
Disclosure policies in inspection programs: The role of specific deterrence

Abstract In inspection programs, policies of disclosing inspection performance promote greater compliance via general deterrence—i.e., by increasing the expected cost of regulatory violations. Yet, despite their growing popularity as regulatory aids, an unexamined matter is how specific deterrence – deterrence that follows from receiving punishment – might influence the effectiveness of disclosure policies. In Las Vegas, Nevada, food-service health inspections are scored numerically. Using a simple grading scale, scores are then coarsened into letter grades which restaurants must prominently display. There is, however, a wrinkle to this grading scale: establishments committing the same violation in consecutive inspections are downgraded one letter. By virtue of this downgrade rule, punishment assignment varies among identically scored inspections. Relative to establishments with identical sequences of prior inspection scores, I find that restaurants are assessed 17%–27% fewer demerits following a downgrade. This substantial specific deterrence effect has important implications for the design of disclosure policies; particularly, regarding the coarsening of numeric scores into letter grades.
Working with HIV clinics to adopt addiction treatment using implementation facilitation (WHAT-IF?): Rationale and design for a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation study.

Abstract Background Tobacco, alcohol and opioid misuse are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). Despite existence of evidence-based counseling and medications for addiction, these treatments are infrequently offered in HIV clinics. The Working with HIV clinics to adopt Addiction Treatment using Implementation Facilitation (WHAT-IF?) study was conducted to address this implementation challenge. The study's goals were to conduct a formative evaluation of barriers to and facilitators of implementing addiction treatment for PWH followed by an evaluation of the impact of Implementation Facilitation (IF) on promoting adoption of addiction treatments and clinical outcomes. Methods The study was conducted at four HIV clinics in the northeast United States, using a hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation stepped wedge design and guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services Research (PARiHS) framework. A mixed-methods approach was used to identify evidence, context, and facilitation-related barriers to and facilitators of integration of addiction treatments into HIV clinics and to help tailor IF for each clinic. An evaluation was then conducted of the impact of IF on implementation outcomes, including provision of addiction treatment (primary outcome), organizational and clinician and staff readiness to adopt addiction treatment, and changes in organizational models of care used to deliver addiction treatment. The evaluation also included IF's impact on effectiveness outcomes, specifically HIV-related outcomes among patients eligible for addiction treatment. Conclusions Results will generate important information regarding the impact of IF as a reproducible strategy to promote addiction treatment in HIV clinics.
Imaging method for the determination of the minimum agitation speed, Njs, for solids suspension in stirred vessels and reactors

Abstract Njs, the minimum agitation speed to just suspend dispersed solids in stirred liquids is commonly measured experimentally using the visual method, consisting of determining the agitation speed N at which the solids are observed to rest on the vessel bottom for 1–2 s (Njs–Visual). This method is observer dependent. Here a novel observer-independent method to experimentally obtain Njs was developed by capturing images of the vessel bottom at different agitation speeds and processing them with ImageJ software to quantify the area AS covered by the solids. Plots of AS vs. N, extrapolated for AS going to zero, yielded the value of Njs (Njs–Imaging). The values of Njs–Imaging and Njs–Visual were found to be in excellent agreement with each other for a large number of different impeller types and locations, vessel geometries, and solids size and fractions. The imaging method proposed here could find applications in many solid–liquid mixing processes.
Cell Dynamics in Tumor Environment After Treatments

Abstract Although the failure of cancers treatments has been mostly linked with the existence of resistant cells or cancer stem cells, new findings show a significant correlation between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and treatment failures. Most cancer treatments cause necrotic cell deaths in the tumor microenvironment. Necrotic cells send signals to the immune cells to start the wound healing process in the tissue. Therefore, we assume after stopping treatments there is a wound that needs to be healed. The stochastic simulations of epithelial cell dynamics after a treatment, which only kills cells without changing the tumor’s inflammatory environment, show that higher fitness of cancer cells causes earlier relapses. Moreover, the tumor returns even if a single cancer cell with high fitness remains in the wound’s boundary after such treatments. Although the involvement of cancer cells in the wound healing after treatments lead to the fast relapse, the cancer cells outside of the wound can also cause a slow recurrence of the tumor. Therefore, the absence of relapse after such treatments implies a slow-developing tumor that might not reach an observable size in the patients’ life time. Conversely, a large solid tumor in a young patient suggests the presence of high fitness cancer cells and therefore a high likelihood of relapse after conventional therapies. Additionally, the location of remaining cancer cells after treatments is a very important factor in the recurrence time. The fastest recurrence happens when a high fitness cancer cell is located in the middle of the wound. However, the longest time to recurrence corresponds to cancer cells located outside of the wound’s boundary.
Rural Poverty in the US: Macroeconomic and Extractive Industry Impacts

US poverty rates have averaged higher in rural (non-metro) counties than in urban (metro) countries. Previous studies have identified variables that might explain this difference, such as lack of employment opportunities; lack of transportation; and others. OLS analysis for 1985-2015 data shows that the national unemployment rate is significant in explaining rural poverty rates, whereas extractive industry prices are not always significant. However, the unemployment rate appears to be explain more of the variation in urban rather than rural poverty rates, suggesting that policies to address rural and urban poverty need to be different.
A stochastic pooling motif mediates information transfer from receptor assemblies into NF-κB

A myriad of inflammatory cytokines regulate signaling pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. The IKK complex is an integration hub for cytokines that govern NF-{kappa}B signaling. In response to inflammation, IKK is activated through recruitment to receptor-associated protein assemblies. How and what information IKK complexes transmit about the milieu are open questions. Here we track dynamics of IKK complexes and nuclear NF-{kappa}B to identify upstream signaling features that determine same-cell responses. Experiments and modeling of single complexes reveals their size, number, and timing relays cytokine-specific control over shared signaling mechanisms with feedback regulation that is independent of transcription. Our results provide evidence for variable-gain stochastic pooling, a noise-reducing motif that enables cytokine-specific regulation and parsimonious information transfer. We propose that emergent properties of stochastic pooling are general principles of receptor signaling that have evolved for constructive information transmission in noisy molecular environments.
A data-driven approach of quantifying function couplings and identifying paths towards emerging hazards in complex systems

Abstract Hazardous scenarios emerging from complex system where number of functions are large and corresponding function coupling are humongous, are very difficult if not impossible to identify humanly. Today’s complex systems generate a very large dataset every minute and dynamic nature of the generated data makes it difficult to track such couplings. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) got success in recent years to understand hazards emerging from function couplings in complex systems, however, challenges remain to estimate aggregated couplings appropriately without quantitative analysis. The current study developed a data-driven approach to quantify function couplings using lift confidence intervals of association rules. Later, association rules were merged to identify the paths leading to a potential hazardous scenario. The paths were presented graphically and equipped with quantified coupling information and capable of providing guidance to prevent the emerging hazard scenario. The approach has been demonstrated with a case study of a polymerization process in process industry for which function couplings are represented by a very large dataset.
Hungry Ethics: from doing research to becoming-sangtin

This essay offers the metaphor of hungry ethics to think of ethics alternatively outside the epistemic boundaries of Institutional Review Boards. It argues that due to the ephemeral, embodied, and ...
The Experience of Moral Distress in an Academic Family Medicine Clinic

Primary care providers (PCPs) report decreased job satisfaction and high levels of burnout, yet little is known about their experience of moral distress. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the experiences of PCPs regarding moral distress including causative factors and proposed mitigation strategies. This qualitative pilot study used semi-structured interviews to identify causes of moral distress in PCPs in an academic family medicine department. Interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Of 35 eligible participants, 12 completed the study (34% participation rate). Most were white, female, and had practiced for less than 10 years. Four PCPs had considered leaving their position due to moral distress. Participants identified five causes of moral distress: policies and procedures that conflict with patient needs, the unpredictable nature of primary care, need to “bend the rules,” lack of accountability, and lack of support staff. Six internal conflicts made resolving morally distressing situations difficult: perceived powerlessness, sense of responsibility, socialization to follow orders, emotional toll of the job, competing obligations, and fear of mistakes. These findings matched themes in the current literature and identified an unbending infrastructure. This, coupled with the chaotic nature of primary care, resulted in frequent moral distress. Participants offered solutions to reduce and mitigate moral distress (also similar with current literature) and suggested moral distress and burnout are closely linked.
Microsurgical Management of Early Onset Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma of the Oral Tongue: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Objectives:Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare subset of soft tissue sarcomas, typically presenting in subjects 15 to 35 years of age. Usual presentation sites are the trunk, extremities, and the ...
IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT ROBOT PENGINTAI MUSUH OMNIWHEEL BERBASIS AUTONOMOUS

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah merancang robot yang dapat menggantikan peran prajurit dalam tugas pengintaian. Tujuan dari penelitiam ini untuk menghasilkan sebuah alat atau robot yang dapat melakuakn sebuah pengintaian musuh dalam melaksanakan tugas operasi perang. Pengintaian musuh saat ini masih menggunakan tenaga manusia dengan cara konvensional yang beresiko terjadinya korban. Pada trajectory tracking menggunakan sensor rotary encoder dengan menghitung kesalahan eror dari putaran motor DC yang mencacah kordinat x dan y. selain itu robot dilengkapi sensor ultrasonik, Gyro MPU 6050, dan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelegent) agar terhindar dari benturan dengan objek lain. Sebuah sensor IMU dengan mendeteksi atau membaca gerakan (percepatan linear dan orientasi dari gerakan tersebut) dengan menggunakan gabungan dari kerja sensor accelerometer dan gyrosope Metode PID sebagai kendali putaran motor DC dengan kinematika balik, pada pengujian trajectory tersebut menggunakan lintasan persegi, segitiga sama kaki, dan lingkaran dengan rintangan. Hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai kesalahan eror 3,2 %.
Big city, little worries? Little city, big worries? How immigration levels and city size shape safety perceptions in urban Europe

Abstract With increasing immigration in European cities, questions surrounding social inclusion and exclusion rise. Although research has often analyzed how the size of the immigrant population in a country or a neighborhood relates to perceptions of safety (even though there is no demonstrated link between immigration and crime), research has not analyzed the presence of immigrants in the wider city, despite the fact that cities are highly diverse places that comprise the daily rounds of most residents. In our study, we analyze how the size of the non-EU immigrant population in a city is linked with how Europeans perceive safety in their neighborhood and their city. Using a survey of approximately 28,000 Europeans from 63 cities in 25 countries, our multilevel binary logistic regression analyses show three primary findings. First, urban Europeans on average feel more unsafe in their cities than their neighborhoods. Second, city-level percentage non-EU born is important only in conjunction with a moderator: city population size. We find that respondents feel more unsafe in cities with more non-EU immigrants in less populous cities, but in more populous cities respondents feel safer in cities with more non-EU immigrants. Third, in an analysis of subset of cities for which crime data were available, the second finding holds when controlling for homicide rates. Our conclusions connect how cities can be an important scale to understand links between immigration and fear of crime.
Enantioselective sensing of insect pheromones in water

An arrayed combination of water-soluble deep cavitands and cationic dyes has been shown to optically sense insect pheromones at micromolar concentration in water. Machine learning approaches were used to optimize the most effective array components, which allows differentiation between small structural differences in targets, including between different diastereomers, even though the pheromones have no innate chromophore. When combined with chiral additives, enantiodiscrimination is possible, dependent on the size and shape of the pheromone.
Investigation of a Liquid Crystal Acousto-Optic Conversion Cell

An acousto-optic conversion cell using nematic liquid crystals provides a low-cost method for planar detection of an ultrasonic radiation field. Although the information received is somewhat rudimentary, in some cases it could be considered as a replacement for an array of transducers. Nematic liquid crystals are fluids that, because of the long-range order of the orientation of their long molecules, are optically uniaxial. Proper surface treatment of a substrate will cause the molecules--and the optic axis--to align normal to the surface, and a thin layer of material between two treated glass plates will have uniform alignment throughout the volume with the optic axis normal to the plates. This is the usual configuration of an acousto-optic conversion cell. When placed between crossed polarizers, light at normal incidence is blocked, but mechanical (or electrical) perturbations will cause the optic axis to tip and light to be transmitted. Because of the weakness of the elastic restoring forces for orientational distortions, very weak perturbations are observable.
Inhibitory Coupling Between Protein Kinase C and Cyclic AMP Generation in Swine Granulosa Cells

The ovarian cyclic AMP (cAMP) effector pathway has been studied extensively with regard to granulosa cell and follicular maturation (1–4). In contrast, the role of the recently described and ubiquitous calcium-sensitive, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) effector pathway in ovarian physiology is less well understood. Furthermore, the exact nature of interactions between these two effector systems in the ovary is not known in detail.
Self-triggered collision avoidance control for multi-vehicle systems

The implementation of collision detection mechanisms on-board of unmanned vehicles typically relies on digital platforms and shared communication networks. The discrete nature of these technologies does not only limit the frequency at which nearby obstacles and other vehicles are detected, but it also raises the demand for a better allocation of the vehicle's computational and communication resources. For instance, it is natural and convenient to adapt the frequency at which other vehicles are observed based on their distance and collision risk, a notion that relates to topics in minimum attention control and self-triggered control. In this paper, we report on a cooperative, decentralized self-triggered avoidance control law for an arbitrary large group of unmanned vehicles that reduces the attention and sampling frequency of other vehicles' position. The proposed control strategy guarantees the safe coordination of all vehicles at all times while reducing the sampling frequency of other vehicles' position based on their last available sample. We show that the sampling intervals are positive and lower bounded, which is critical for digital implementation. A simulation example is used to illustrate the performance of the avoidance control strategy.
A Flow Chart Approach to Analyzing the Ethics of Insider Trading

Hundreds of articles have been written about various aspects of insider trading. It is one of those topics that is truly interdisciplinary, touching on finance, economics, law, business ethics and perhaps a few other disciplines. Yet with all this research there is still no consensus about when insider trading is ethical and when it is not. Part of the problem is because there is more than one ethical system that could be applied to the analysis. Another problem is that some authors have already decided what the answer should be, so they go about trying to justify their pre-conceived position without paying adequate attention to opposing views. This paper reviews the main ethical views on insider trading and uses a flow chart approach to determine when insider trading is ethical and when it is not.
Phosphate changes in fermenting must in relation to yeast growth and ethanol production

The loss of phosphate from a fermenting must was followed during the periods of yeast multiplication and later completion of alcoholic fermentation in grape juice. The effect of added ammonia nitrogen on the multiplication of yeast and the uptake of naturally present and added phosphate was measured at two temperatures, 70° and 52°F. The uptake of inorganic phosphate per million yeast cells was calculated from analytical results and found to be relatively constant under the conditions of the experiments reported.
SaTPro: the system assessment test program for ZR

In the mid-90's, breakthroughs were achieved at Sandia with z-pinches for high energy density physics on the Saturn machine. These initial tests led to the modification of the PBFA II machine to provide high currents rather than the high voltage it was initially designed for. The success of z-pinch for high energy density physics experiments insured a new mission for the converted accelerator, known as Z since 1997. Z now provides a unique capability to a number of basic science communities and has expanded its mission to include radiation effects research, inertial confinement fusion and material properties research. To achieve continued success, the physics community has requested higher peak current, better precision and pulse shaping versatility be incorporated into the refurbishment of the Z machine, known as ZR. In addition to the performance specification for ZR of a peak current of 26 MA with an implosion time of 100 ns, the machine also has a reliability specification to achieve 400 shots per year. While changes to the basic architecture of the Z machine are minor, the vast majority of its components have been redesigned. Moreover the increase in peak current from its present 18 MA to ZR's peak current of 26 MA at nominal operating parameters requires significantly higher voltages. These higher voltages, along with the reliability requirement, mandate a system assessment be performed to insure the requirements have been met. This paper will describe the System Assessment Test Program (SATPro) for the ZR project and report on the results
Left atrial contribution to ventricular filling during the course of evolving heart failure.

BACKGROUNDAbnormal left ventricular (LV) filling has been observed in patients with heart failure and is characterized by marked heterogeneity of mitral inflow velocity. In the present study, the contribution of the left atrium to LV filling was examined in eight dogs during the course of evolving heart failure.METHODS AND RESULTSHeart failure was produced by multiple sequential intracoronary embolizations with microspheres. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to measure mitral inflow velocity at baseline, before embolization, and at 3, 8, 15, 23, and 33 weeks after initiation of microembolization. The early rapid LV filling (Ei) and late left atrial filling (Ai) components were quantitated based on the time-velocity integral of the early and late mitral inflow velocity waveforms, respectively. Ei decreased progressively from 7.6 +/- 1.5 cm at baseline to 4.0 +/- 0.4 cm at 33 weeks (p less than 0.01). In contrast, Ai initially increased from 1.8 +/- 0.9 cm at baseline to 2.7 +/- 0.4 cm at 3 weeks (p ...