cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internationalization in higher education and global access in a digital age

Purpose – This article seeks to propose that – as university faculty and students increasingly engage in research, teaching, and learning in international locations – librarians at the home campus need to expand the geographic range of their public services planning. Specifically, it aims to suggest that written agreements with university library partners in other countries can be used to provide patrons with access to collections, expertise, and study space during their residence abroad.Design/methodology/approach – The article provides an overview of agreements (the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)) concluded by East Asia Library staff at Yale University to secure access for Yale affiliates to the University of Tokyo and Waseda University Libraries, both in Tokyo, Japan. These institutional arrangements facilitated a level of access not possible for an individual researcher or student.Findings – The agreement with the University of Tokyo is an example of a detailed reciprocal arrangement providing both...
Associations of oxidative balance-related exposures with incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma according to antioxidant enzyme genotypes.

Abstract Purpose Previous research found inverse associations between oxidative balance and risk of colorectal adenoma. However, these measures were limited to extrinsic (dietary and lifestyle) exposures and did not account for intrinsic factors, specifically antioxidant enzymes responsible for cellular defense against oxidative stress. We investigated whether the association between an oxidative balance score (OBS) and colorectal adenoma may vary according to polymorphisms in genes that encode three antioxidant enzymes: Manganese superoxide dismutase ( SOD2 ), catalase ( CAT ), and glutathione-S-transferase P1 ( GSTP1 ). Methods Using data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma, we constructed an OBS reflecting pro- and antioxidant exposures. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess whether the association between the OBS and colorectal adenoma differed according to polymorphisms in the genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes. Results OBS was inversely associated with colorectal adenoma; adenoma risk was not associated with the genetic polymorphisms, and there was no consistent pattern of effect modification by individual genotypes or combined gene scores. Conclusions Variations in the antioxidant enzyme genes SOD2 , CAT , and GSTP1 do not seem to substantially modify associations of environmental exposures related to oxidative balance with risk for sporadic colorectal adenoma.
Male Nudity in Advertisements: A Modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects:

This article explores the relatively unknown effects of male nudity in print ads on selected consumer responses. A previously used experimental design that examines different model dress levels in conjunction with two different products was replicated to test dress level, respondent, and product effects. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that respondent gender and dress level of the model significantly affect measures of mood, attitude toward the advertiser, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand. These findings provide important information to advertisers considering using male nudity or suggestive poses in ads and provide support for oppositesex and product congruency effects found previously in other research.
The ontogenesis of human fetal hormones. IV. Somatostatin, luteinizing hormone releasing factor, and thyrotropin releasing factor in hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of human fetuses 10-22 weeks of age.

Somatostatin, LRF, and TRF were measured by radioimmunoassay in extracts of hypothalami obtained from human fetuses between 10 to 22 weeks gestation. Iodinated LRF and somatostatin eluted mainly after the iodide peak (Kd ∼ 2), free of the unlabeled factor when purified on Sephadex G25 with 0.1M acetic acid as eluant. Of 3 anti- LRF sera used, one did not recognize any of 21 LRF fragments but could detect analogs with changes in position 2 and 8; a second only recognized the 7–10 C-terminal sequence, and the third was directed against positions 5–9. Hypothalamic or brain extracts produced parallel displacement in each radioimmunoassay. Somatostatin was present in 43/44 fragments: mean content in 44 hypothalami was 14.9 ± 2.0 ng, concentration 16.8 ± 2.2 pg/mg; in 25/27 cerebral cortex tissues, 4.2 ±1.1 pg/mg. There was weakly positive correlation between hypothalamic somatostatin and gestational age in the 10 to 22 week period (r = 0.388, P < 0.01). The mean content of LRF in 33/44 hypothalami was 1.53 ± 0...
THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR AND CHAOS FOR TWO PARALLEL REACTIONS IN A CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR

Abstract The dynamical behavior for two parallel reactions in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is considered. The global maximum number of steady states is five. Stability conditions are obtained. When the steady state is unique and unstable, a circulating attractor is proven to exist. The orbit structure is numerically found to consist of periodic orbits and chaotic behavior.
The utility of routine preoperative cervical ultrasonography in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background Preoperative ultrasonography (US) is recommended in all patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) to evaluate for clinically occult metastatic lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of preoperative US findings on the initial operative management of patients with DTC. Methods This is a retrospective review of 70 patients with biopsy-proven DTC who underwent total thyroidectomy between February 2010 and January 2012. All patients underwent preoperative cervical US (thyroid, central, and lateral neck lymph node compartments). Results Palpable lateral neck adenopathy was thought to be present in 5 (7%) of the 70 patients, but confirmed by US in only 3; 2 patients avoided lateral compartment neck dissection (LCND). Of 65 patients with no palpable lymphadenopathy, 14 (22%) had abnormal lymphadenopathy on preoperative US. All 14 patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection (CCND); 12 patients with abnormal US findings in the lateral compartment(s) also underwent LCND. Metastatic disease was confirmed in 13 (93%) of the 14 patients: 13 of 14 who underwent CCND and 11 (92%) of 12 who underwent LCND. Conclusion This study confirms the importance of preoperative, high-quality cervical US in patients with DTC because it changed the operative management in 16 of 70 patients (23%); 13 had a more complete operation for pathologically confirmed, clinically occult, lymph node metastases, 2 avoided nontherapeutic LCND, and 1 had false-positive US results.
Low energy electron diffraction profiles from aluminum (100): Reproducibility and an evaluation of intensity averaged at constant momentum transfer

Abstract LEED intensity profiles have been obtained from the clean (100) surface of aluminum at small angular and energy intervals for azimuthal angles (0° to 45°) and incident angles (5° to 21°). These data have been compared with the data of Jona, and of Burkstrand and Propst, for reproducibility of independent experiments. The effect of oxygen on intensity, line width and the position of prominent peaks has been evaluated. Averages of intensity over azimuthal rotation, at two angles of incidence, and averages at one azimuth for increments of 2° in angle of incidence have been taken to evaluate the prescription of Lagally, Ngoc and Webb for extracting structural (geometric) information from multiple scattering profiles when applied to aluminum (100), instead of the original evaluations on (111) surfaces of nickel and silver. The principal conclusions are: (1) comparison of data from independent measurements of profiles from clean (oxygen-free) aluminum surfaces indicates that reproducibility of peak position and intensity is comparable with agreement obtained between independent computations of intensity profiles; (2) prominent multiple scattering maxima in profiles from Al (100) are not removed by averaging intensity in the range of incident angle available in most display-type LEED instruments, but a “kinematic-like” average is obtained from the (111) plane of aluminum; (3) comparison of the results of averaging intensity profiles from different metals and different crystal planes shows that additional exploration and a priori justification of the procedure are required to achieve a reliable (approximate) method of extracting surface structure from multiple scattering profiles, in the general case.
DETECTION OF DONOR'S LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF NEONATES FOLLOWING EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION

Twenty preterm and term female neonates were exchange-transfused with males donor fresh blood during their first days of life because of hyperbilirubinaemia or severe septicaemia. In order to study the presence of donor lymphocytes in the neonates peripheral blood, chromosome studies were performed immediately after,12 and 72 hours following the exchange transfusion. We used the fluorescent-binding technique in order to distinguish the donor's cells by the presence of the γ-chromosone or other fluorescent markers in at least 300 mitotic figures in each speciment. We found that in jaundiced babies immediately following exchange transfusion less than 10% of the lymphocytes came from the donor and 12 hours later only 1-2% were still present.However in neonates exchange-transfusion for septicaemia the percentage of donor's lymphocytes immediately following the proceedure sometimes reached 50% and dropped to less than 10% by 12 hours.This shows the inability of the depressed by the infection host defence mechanisms of the newborn to deal with the donor's lymphocytes.
Chemistry of the thermosphere and ionosphere

The ionosphere offers an excellent laboratory for the study of atomic and molecular processes. Densities are low, permitting highly reactive species to accumulate in measurable quantities. Temporal and spatial scales are large, and the solar energy source causes substantial departures from thermodynamic equilibrium. This laboratory has been exploited by the Atmosphere Explorer Program of NASA. Simultaneous measurements of a large number of interrelated atmospheric parameters to altitudes as low as 150 km have provided data that can be analyzed in a quantitative manner to derive precise rates, as functions of temperature, for many important chemical reactions, including the reactions of electronically or vibrationally excited metastable species. Analysis of AE results has provided new information on the photochemical role of N in the thermosphere; the rate coefficients for dissociative recombination of NO+, O2+ and N2+; reactions of O+ with N2, N2+ with O, and O2+ with O; and reactions of metastable ions, atoms, and molecules. The progress in our understanding of ionospheric chemistry during the last few years shows the power of space science measurement programs carefully designed to provide rigorous tests of quantitative theoretical predictions.
Prednisone withdrawal late after adult liver transplantation reduces diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia without causing graft loss

Abstract We prospectively withdrew prednisone in 28 adult patients who had stable graft function more than 2 years after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) and had been on 5 mg/d prednisone for at least 6 months. Prednisone was decreased from 5 mg/d to 2.5 mg/d for 1 month then stopped completely. Cyclosporine monotherapy was maintained at a level of approximately 200 ng/mL (TDX). Nineteen patients had prednisone withdrawn without complications. Four (14.2%) had modest elevations in liver function tests (two biopsy proven mild rejections and two were not biopsied). These four were treated with methylprednisolone boluses and then withdrawal of steroids again. Prednisone was restarted in five patients because of generalized fatigue and body aches (n = 4) and colitis (n = 1). Steroids later were successfully withdrawn in two of these patients. After prednisone withdrawal, three of five insulin-dependent diabetic patients were able to discontinue insulin therapy and their glycosylated hemoglobin levels improved. Four of fourteen hypertensive patients were able to discontinue antihypertensive medicines. Mean serum cholesterol decreased from 222.6 +/- 43.3 to 188.3 +/- 33.3 mg/dL (P 220 mg/dL decreased from 13 to 4. A control group of 24 patients maintained on 5 mg/d prednisone at least 2 years after liver transplantation also was studied. In this group during the study period, no diabetic became normoglycemic, no patient decreased their antihypertensive medicine, and the mean serum cholesterol levels did not change significantly. We conclude that prednisone withdrawal using cyclosporine monotherapy late after liver transplantation does not lead to graft loss and decreases the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Symptoms occurring during withdrawal may be minimized by earlier or slower tapering. (Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):173-7)
Cloning and analysis of the macronuclear gene for histone H1 from Euplotes eurystomus.

Euplotes is a hypotrichous ciliate that contains both a macronucleus (MAC) and a micronucleus in the same cell. The DNA in the MAC is composed of small, linear highly amplified fragments, each of which contains one gene, two telomeres and all the necessary regulatory elements. Although there is a large amount of condensed chromatin in the MAC, it appears not to be organized in 30 nm fibers as seen in higher eukaryotes (9). Since histone HI is responsible for the formation of the 30 nm fiber, analysis of this protein in Euplotes may provide some insight into the unique chromatin structure in the MAC. Histone HI from the Euplotes MAC has been previously
Osteophyte formation after multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion causing a delayed presentation of functional dysphagia.

Abstract Background Context Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure used to treat radiculopathy and myelopathy from cervical degenerative disc disease. The complications for this procedure are well known. Dysphagia can occur in the postoperative setting. However, it is typically transient and does not last longer than 1 month after an operation. A de novo presentation of dysphagia occurring years after an operation is unique. Osteophyte formation can cause mass effect on the esophagus leading to obstruction of this conduit. However, there have been no reported cases of osteophyte growth fusing to surrounding structures leading to a functional dysphagia. Purpose The authors describe a delayed presentation of functional dysphagia 9 years after an ACDF. This resulted from osteophyte formation originating from the cervical plate and tethering the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, thus limiting mobilization of the larynx. Study Design/Setting Case report. Methods The osteophyte was disconnected at the origin of the plate allowing the contents of the neck to move independently. Result After removal of the osteophyte complex at the base of the cervical plate, this patient experienced resolution of his dysphagia. Conclusion Functional dysphagia can occur in a delayed fashion after ACDF from osteophytes tethering the cervical plate to the surrounding contents of the neck used for swallowing. Freeing the contents of the neck from the tethering osteophytes can alleviate symptoms related to a dysfunctional swallowing mechanism.
Corneal injury from 1318-nm single laser pulses

Threshold, median effective dose, and the mechanism of laser-tissue interaction are not well defined at the 1318-nm wavelength for human corneal exposures. The goals of this research effort are to identify at-risk groups, characterize the lesions imposed, and establish the ED50 for single pulse 1318-nm laser exposures on the cornea. A Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was used to deliver 1318-nm wavelength pulses to the corneas of ten female Dutch Belted rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Single pulses of 0.5-ms duration and radiant beam energy ranging from 116 to 2250 joules/per square centimeter (J/cm2) were used. Exposure sites were clinically evaluated acutely, one hour and twenty-four hours post-exposure for the presence of a lesion. Results from the twenty-four hour evaluation were used to determine the ED50. Grossly, the lesions appeared as small, circular, well-demarcated, white, opaque lesions. Histologically, the lesions appeared as conical shaped coagulative necrosis with the base of the lesion at the epithelial surface of the cornea and extending to the apex at the endothelial border of the cornea. The ED50 for 1318-nm exposures to the rabbit cornea was determined to be 383 J/cm2 for a 0.1-mm spot size as measured at 1/e2.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electrocardiographic manifestations of hypothermia

Hypothermia is generally defined as a core body temperature less than 35 degrees C (95 degrees F). Hypothermia is one of the most common environmental emergencies encountered by emergency physicians. Although the diagnosis will usually be evident after an initial check of vital signs, the diagnosis can sometimes be missed because of overreliance on normal or near-normal oral or tympanic thermometer readings. The classic and well-known electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestations of hypothermia include the presence of J (Osborn) waves, interval (PR, QRS, QT) prolongation, and atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias. There are also some less known (ECG) findings associated with hypothermia. For example, hypothermia can produce ECG signs that simulate those of acute myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction. Hypothermia can also blunt the expected ECG findings associated with hyperkalemia. A thorough knowledge of these findings is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia. Six cases are presented that show these important ECG manifestations of hypothermia.
Ubiquitination differentially regulates clathrin-dependent internalization of protease-activated receptor-1.

Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), a G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) for thrombin, is irreversibly activated by proteolysis. Consequently, PAR1 trafficking is critical for the fidelity of thrombin signaling. PAR1 displays constitutive and agonist-induced internalization, which are clathrin and dynamin dependent but are independent of arrestins. The clathrin adaptor AP2 (adaptor protein complex-2) is critical for constitutive but not for activated PAR1 internalization. In this study, we show that ubiquitination negatively regulates PAR1 constitutive internalization and specifies a distinct clathrin adaptor requirement for activated receptor internalization. PAR1 is basally ubiquitinated and deubiquitinated after activation. A PAR1 lysineless mutant signaled normally but was not ubiquitinated. Constitutive internalization of ubiquitin (Ub)-deficient PAR1 was markedly increased and inhibited by the fusion of Ub to the cytoplasmic tail. Ub-deficient PAR1 constitutive internalization was AP2 dependent like the wild-type receptor. However, unlike wild-type PAR1, AP2 was required for the internalization of activated Ub-deficient receptor, suggesting that the internalization of ubiquitinated PAR1 requires different endocytic machinery. These studies reveal a novel function for ubiquitination in the regulation of GPCR internalization.
Late Onset Canonical Babbling: A Possible Early Marker of Abnormal Development

Abstract By their 10th month of life, typically developing infants produce canonical babbling, which includes the well-formed syllables required for meaningful speech. Research suggests that emerging speech or language-related disorders might be associated with late onset of canonical babbling. Onset of canonical babbling was investigated for 1,536 high-risk infants, at about 10-months corrected age. Parental report by open-ended questionnaire was found to be an efficient method for ascertaining babbling status. Although delays were infrequent, they were often associated with genetic, neurological, anatomical, and/or physiological abnormalities. Over half the cases of late canonical babbling were not, at the time they were discovered, associated with prior significant medical diagnoses. Late canonical-babbling onset may be a predictor of later developmental disabilities, including problems in speech, language, and reading.
NEARLY OPTIMAL TESTS WHEN A NUISANCE PARAMETER IS PRESENT UNDER THE NULL HYPOTHESIS

This paper considers nonstandard hypothesis testing problems that involve a nuisance parameter. We establish an upper bound on the weighted average power of all valid tests, and develop a numerical algorithm that determines a feasible test with power close to the bound. The approach is illustrated in six applications: inference about a linear regression coefficient when the sign of a control coefficient is known; small sample inference about the difference in means from two independent Gaussian samples from populations with potentially different variances; inference about the break date in structural break models with moderate break magnitude; predictability tests when the regressor is highly persistent; inference about an interval identified parameter; and inference about a linear regression coefficient when the necessity of a control is in doubt.
Microtubule array reorientation in response to hormones does not involve changes in microtubule nucleation modes at the periclinal cell surface

Aligned microtubule arrays spatially organize cell division, trafficking, and determine the direction of cell expansion in plant cells. In response to changes in environmental and developmental signals, cells reorganize their microtubule arrays into new configurations. Here, we tested the role of microtubule nucleation during hormone-induced microtubule array reorientation. We have found that in the process of microtubule array reorientation the ratios between branching, parallel, and de-novo nucleations remained constant, suggesting that the microtubule reorientation mechanism does not involve changes in nucleation modes. In the ton2/fass mutant, which has reduced microtubule branching nucleation frequency and decreased nucleation activity of the γ-tubulin complexes, microtubule arrays were able to reorient. Presented data suggest that reorientation of microtubules into transverse arrays in response to hormones does not involve changes in microtubule nucleation at the periclinal cell surface
Developmental Issues in Risk Assessment: Implications for Juvenile Justice

Abstract This study investigated two issues in youth risk assessment that may be important to juvenile justice agencies: (1) whether there are age-related differences that might impair the predictive accuracy of risk assessment across adolescence and (2) whether dynamic risk factors provide a unique contribution to risk assessment. The study tracked new petitions over an average 14.5-month follow-up for a large sample (n = 674) of adjudicated young offenders who received the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY). Findings indicated that age did not moderate the association between the SAVRY and reoffending between youth age 12 and under, age 13 to 15, and age 16 to 18. Dynamic risk factors had incremental predictive validity over static factors for each type of recidivism (e.g., violent, nonviolent) except probation violations. Implications to juvenile justice agencies include the critical importance of including dynamic risk factors in risk assessment tools of youth and the generalizab...
Programmable and adaptive analog filters using arrays of floating-gate circuits

In this paper we describe a programmable and adaptive filter based on floating-gate technology We review the basics of floating-gate techniques and how they enable programmable and adaptive filter circuits. We describe our programmable filter concepts, and show experimental results of programmable filter operation. We also describe programming methods, and extend the programmability to a wide range of functions and circuits using the same approach. Further, we describe our techniques and custom programmer board for floating-gate programming of an IC. We show how to extend our programmable filters as adaptive filters both through weight perturbation methods and continuously adapting correlation rule methods.
Detecting phases in parallel applications on shared memory architectures

Most programs are repetitive, where similar behavior can be seen at different execution times. Algorithms have been proposed that automatically group similar portions of a program's execution into phases, where samples of execution in the same phase have homogeneous behavior and similar resource requirements. In this paper, we examine applying these phase analysis algorithms and how to adapt them to parallel applications running on shared memory processors. Our approach relies on a separate representation of each thread's activity. We first focus on showing its ability to identify similar intervals of execution across threads for a single run. We then show that it is effective at identifying similar behavior of a program when the number of threads is varied between runs. This can be used by developers to examine how different phases scale across different number of threads. Finally, we examine using the phase analysis to pick simulation points to guide multithreaded simulation.
Application of object oriented techniques in a modular expert system architecture for transmission system monitoring and control

This paper presents research done by the National Grid to producing an expert system, SYSMON, to automate the function of a junior control engineer. The design of the overall system consists of various modules for data acquisition, online analysis, predictive applications, human computer interface and a series of specific expert system modules. Underlying these functional modules is a coordinating system which passes data between the modules and presents this data to the interface subsystem for display. Details of two of the expert system modules are given by Knight et al (1994); this paper concentrates on the application of object oriented database management systems (OODBMS) within this project. Using an OODBMS system a prototype model of parts of the network has been constructed. This model comprises a database class library of power system components together with their functional behaviour. Prototype interfaces to access, display and maintain this database have also been developed. Experiences gained through this work are identified.
Rapid sample preparation for determination of iron in tissue by closed-vessel digestion and microwave energy

We developed a rapid acid-digestion method for preparing tissue samples for iron determination. Specimens were digested in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide under high temperature and pressure in closed Teflon vessels, with microwave energy. Analysis for iron in 25- to 250-mg portions of digested bovine liver powder (National Bureau of Standards Certified Reference Material no. 1577a) showed excellent linearity ([predicted] = 1.007[actual] - 0.166 micrograms per sample) and analytical recovery (98%). Precision (CV) was 5.4% when iron content was 10 micrograms per sample. Assaying split samples of mouse tissues, we found a close correlation between iron concentrations obtained with closed vs open vessels ([closed] = 0.878[open] + 68 micrograms/g, r = 0.994, range 400-4600 micrograms/g dry weight). In contrast to time-consuming conventional procedures for tissue dissolution, closed-vessel digestion with microwave energy dramatically shortens time for tissue preparation, minimizes use of caustic acid, reduces risk of sample loss or contamination, and yields accurate and reproducible results.
Stringent and relaxed recognition of oriT by related systems for plasmid mobilization: Implications for horizontal gene transfer

The plasmids R1162 and pSC101 have origins of conjugative transfer (oriTs) and corresponding relaxases that are closely related. The oriTs are made up of a highly conserved core, where DNA is cleaved by the relaxase prior to transfer, and an inverted repeat that differs in size and sequence. We show that in each case the seven base pairs adjacent to the core and within one arm of the inverted repeat are sufficient to determine specificity. Within this DNA there are three AT base pairs located 4 bp from the core. Mutations in the AT base pairs suggest that the relaxase makes essential contacts at these locations to the minor groove of the DNA. The remaining four bases are different for each oriT and are both necessary and sufficient for stringent recognition of oriT by the pSC101 mobilization proteins. In contrast, the R1162 mobilization proteins have a much more relaxed requirement for the base sequence of this specificity region. As a result, the R1162 mobilization proteins can initiate transfer from a variety of sites, including those derived from the chromosome. The R1162 mobilization proteins could therefore contribute to the horizontal gene transfer of DNA from diverse sources.
Percolation in a fractional Brownian motion lattice

This note presents numerical results of both ordinary percolation and invasion percolation in an fractional Brownian motion lattice, which expand on a previous study (Satik and Yortos, 1991) and support the findings of Isichenko (1992) and Schmittbuhl et al. (1993)
Demography and burden of care associated with patients readmitted for urinary tract infection.

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent admission diagnoses in hospital-based clinical practice. Despite its frequency, few data are available regarding its demographics and economic implications. Purpose To describe the demography, epidemiology, and burden of care of patients admitted to hospital with UTI and compare these characteristics depending on admission status. Methods A retrospective cohort study using an administrative database of patients admitted to Hartford Hospital (September 2011–August 2012) with UTI. Patient demographics, hospital characteristics, and total costs of care were examined. Results A total of 2345 unique patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 78 years and 71% were female. Median length of stay and total cost were 5 days and $8326 (interquartile range $5388–$14,179), respectively. A total of 359 patients (16.4%) were readmitted within 30 days, of which 111 patients (5.1%) had UTI on readmission. Only 16.3% of readmitted patients were infected with the same causative pathogen. A significant increase in the incidence of Enterococcus faecalis (1.2% vs. 9.3%; p = 0.046) occurred upon readmission, whereas occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae infection decreased in the readmission group (50.0% vs. 25.6%; p = 0.006), including a lower proportion of Escherichia coli (32.5% vs. 11.6%; p p = 0.004) and cefepime (8.7% vs. 27.6; p = 0.05). Conclusion UTI is highly prevalent and is associated with significant utilization of health-care resources among hospitalized patients. These findings, coupled with considerable rates of 30-day readmission, stress the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment.
Ethnic differences in patterns of social exchange among older adults: the role of resource context

Using social capital and social exchange theories, this investigation examined ethnic variation in patterns of social exchange in two heterogeneous racial groups, Blacks and Whites in the United States, and the effects of education and income on these patterns. The sample was 1,043 people aged 65–86 years from four ethnic groups (US-born European-Americans, immigrant Russians/Ukrainians, US-born African-Americans, and immigrant English-speaking Caribbeans) who had provided details of their instrumental and advice exchanges with kin and non-kin. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regressions were used to predict patterns of social exchange, variations by ethnicity, income and education, and the interactions. Ethnic differences in patterns of social exchange were found, but almost all were qualified by interactions. Those with income showed within-group heterogeneity: African-Americans and Russians/Ukrainians with higher income were more likely to engage in reciprocal instrumental kin exchange, whereas among English-speaking Caribbeans and European-Americans such exchanges were not associated with income. Unlike among European-Americans and English-speaking Caribbeans, Russians/Ukrainians with higher income and education were more likely to engage in reciprocal non-kin exchange. The findings suggest that ethnic variation in social exchange reflects both aspects of ethnic group membership and the relational context, as well as the enactment of reciprocity values in varying resource contexts.
DNA Sequencing and Analysis of the Low-Ca2+-Response Plasmid pCD1 of Yersinia pestis KIM5

The low-Ca2+-response (LCR) plasmid pCD1 of the plague agent Yersinia pestis KIM5 was sequenced and analyzed for its genetic structure. pCD1 (70,509 bp) has an IncFIIA-like replicon and a SopABC-like partition region. We have assigned 60 apparently intact open reading frames (ORFs) that are not contained within transposable elements. Of these, 47 are proven or possible members of the LCR, a major virulence property of human-pathogenic Yersinia spp., that had been identified previously in one or more of Y. pestis or the enteropathogenic yersiniae Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Of these 47 LCR-related ORFs, 35 constitute a continuous LCR cluster. The other LCR-related ORFs are interspersed among three intact insertion sequence (IS) elements (IS100 and two new IS elements, IS1616 and IS1617) and numerous defective or partial transposable elements. Regional variations in percent GC content and among ORFs encoding effector proteins of the LCR are additional evidence of a complex history for this plasmid. Our analysis suggested the possible addition of a new Syc- and Yop-encoding operon to the LCR-related pCD1 genes and gave no support for the existence of YopL. YadA likely is not expressed, as was the case for Y. pestis EV76, and the gene for the lipoprotein YlpA found in Y. enterocolitica likely is a pseudogene in Y. pestis. The yopM gene is longer than previously thought (by a sequence encoding two leucine-rich repeats), the ORF upstream of ypkA-yopJ is discussed as a potential Syc gene, and a previously undescribed ORF downstream of yopE was identified as being potentially significant. Eight other ORFs not associated with IS elements were identified and deserve future investigation into their functions.
Evaluation of Food-Grade Dent Corn Hybrids for Severity of Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Accumulation in Grain

Kleinschmidt, C. E., Clements, M. J., Maragos, C. M., Pataky, J. K., and White, D. G. 2005. Evaluation of food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain. Plant Dis. 89:291-297. Fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (syn = F. moniliforme) and F. proliferatum have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Thus, hybrids with low fumonisin accumulation in grain will be valuable for the production of corn-based human food products. We evaluated 68 food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in inoculated trials in Urbana, IL in 2000 and 2001. Our inoculation technique was successful in initiating fumonisin accumulation that allowed discrimination among hybrids. We identified several hybrids that could have acceptable levels (<4 µg/g) of fumonisin accumulation in Illinois in most years. Twenty-six hybrids with low or high fumonisin accumulation in 2000 were reevaluated in noninoculated trials at three locations in Illinois in 2001. Fumonisin concentration in grain at all three locations was relatively low; thus, separation of hybrids was poor. At two locations, those hybrids with the highest fumonisin concentration in grain also had high concentrations following inoculation. However, one hybrid that had relatively low fumonisin concentration following inoculation had unacceptable levels of fumonisin (5 µg/g) in natural conditions. Therefore, hybrids need to be evaluated by inoculation and further evaluated at locations where the environment favors fumonisin accumulation. Additional keyword: maize
Predictors of the intent to adopt preventive innovations: a meta‐analysis

Because the literature suggests significant differences in the adoption rate of traditional innovations and those innovations classified as preventive, we examine the effectiveness of the constructs of the theory of planned behavior and social cognitive theory in predicting the adoption of preventive innovations. The current study synthesized 89 correlations from 63 studies (n = 31,158). The corrected mean correlation estimates were .51 for attitude, .52 for subjective norms, and .43 for planned behavioral control. The corrected mean correlation estimate for self-efficacy was .47. By understanding the predictor variables of the intent to adopt a preventive innovation, proponents of specific preventive innovations may be better equipped to select strategies that could accelerate the diffusion process.
40 Gb/s Autonomous Optical Packet Synchronizer

We demonstrate a 40Gb/s autonomous optical packet synchronizer with a resolution of 853ps and dynamic tuning range of 12.8ns. Layer-1 (BER) and Layer-2 (Packet Recovery) measurements are presented with > 15dB input power dynamic range.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE INHIBITION OF CYPRIDINA LUMINESCENCE BY LIGHT, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON METHYLENE BLUE

1. Eosin, erythrosin, rose bengale, cyanosin, acridine, and methylene blue act photodynamically on the luminescence of a Cypridina luciferin-luciferase solution. In presence of these dyes inhibition of luminescence, which without the dye occurs only in blue-violet light, takes place in green, yellow, orange, or red light, depending on the position of the absorption bands of the dye. 2. Inhibition of Cypridina luminescence without photosensitive dye in blue-violet light, or with photosensitive dye in longer wave-lengths, does not occur in absence of oxygen. Light acts by accelerating the oxidation of luciferin without luminescence. Eosin or methylene blue act by making longer wave-lengths effective, but there is no evidence that these dyes become reduced in the process. 3. The luciferin-oxyluciferin system is similar to the methylene white-methylene blue system in many ways but not exactly similar in respect to photochemical change. Oxidation of the dye is favored in acid solution, reduction in alkaline solution. However, oxidation of luciferin is favored in all pH ranges from 4 to 10 but is much more rapid in alkaline solution, either in light or darkness. There is no evidence that reduction of oxyluciferin is favored in alkaline solution. Clark's observation that oxidation (blueing) of methylene white occurs in complete absence of oxygen has been confirmed for acid solutions. I observed no blueing in light in alkaline solution.
Fbufs: a high-bandwidth cross-domain transfer facility

We have designed and implemented a new operating system facility for I/O buffer management and data transferacross protection domain boundaries on shared memory machines. This facility, called fast buffers (fbufs), combines virtual page remapping with shared virtual memory, and exploits locality in I/O traffic to achieve high throughput without compromising protection, security, or modularity. goal is to help deliver the high bandwidth afforded by emerging high-speed networks to user-level processes, both in monolithic and microkernel-based operating systems.This paper outlines the requirements for a cross-domain transfer facility, describes the design of the fbuf mechanism that meets these requirements, and experimentally quantifies the impact of fbufs on network performance.
Land application of sewage sludge: perceptions of New Jersey vegetable farmers.

Understanding farmers’ perceptions and choices regarding land application of sewage sludge is key to developing locally accepted strategies for managing its sewage sludge. Semi-structured interviews, with mostly open-ended questions were conducted with 50 fruit and vegetable farmers at the New Jersey Annual Vegetable Meeting in 1999. The in-depth interviews indicated that the application of sewage sludge to land is currently not a common agricultural practice for these growers. Perceived risks, including heavy metals in sewage sludge (soil-build up, crop-uptake), negative public perception, odour complaints, and increase of contaminants in the water supply outweigh economic incentives and soil improvement benefits. When naming benefits and drawbacks, farmers tend to think first of their crop and their land, and do not mention the environment. It is only when they are questioned directly about environmental benefits and risks that they discuss these aspects. Communication efforts should focus on practical ...
Role of Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis of Shock and Trauma

Leukotrienes (LTs) are the most important vasoactive eicosanoids formed by the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. The leukotrienes constitute an exciting chapter in modern pathophysiological research. They have been studied for over half a century but were only chemically identified in 1979 by Samuelsson and colleagues (1). Leukotriene A4 is the parent compound of the leukotriene pathway. Leukotriene A4 acts as a precursor for the synthesis of LTB4, the potent chemotactic eicosanoid by one branch of the pathway, and forms LTC4, the initial peptide leukotriene by another branch of the pathway (2). LTC4 is converted to LTD4. which in turn is converted to LTE4 All three are peptide leukotrienes and have important biological activity. Collectively LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 are known as the “slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis” or SRS-A (3).
Plain water consumption in relation to energy intake and diet quality among US adults, 2005-2012.

Objective The present study examined plain water consumption in relation to energy intake and diet quality among US adults. Methods A nationally representative sample of 18 311 adults aged ≥18 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012, was analysed. The first-difference estimator approach addressed confounding bias from time-invariant unobservables (e.g. eating habits, taste preferences) by using within-individual variations in diet and plain water consumption between two nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Results One percentage point increase in the proportion of daily plain water in total dietary water consumption was associated with a reduction in mean (95% confidence interval) daily total energy intake of 8.58 (7.87–9.29) kcal, energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages of 1.43 (1.27–1.59) kcal, energy intake from discretionary foods of 0.88 (0.44–1.32) kcal, total fat intake of 0.21 (0.17–0.25) g, saturated fat intake of 0.07 (0.06–0.09) g, sugar intake of 0.74 (0.67–0.82) g, sodium intake of 9.80 (8.20–11.39) mg and cholesterol intake of 0.88 (0.64–1.13) g. The effects of plain water intake on diet were similar across race/ethnicity, education attainment, income level and body weight status, whereas they were larger among males and young/middle-aged adults than among females and older adults, respectively. Daily overall diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 was not found to be associated with the proportion of daily plain water in total dietary water consumption. Conclusions Promoting plain water intake could be a useful public health strategy for reducing energy and targeted nutrient consumption in US adults, which warrants confirmation in future controlled interventions.
Interviews with Li Xueqin: The Life of a Chinese Historian in Tumultuous Times: Part One

When Li Xueqin was born in Beijing on 28 March, 1933, the Republic of China was in power, with its capital in Nanjing, and the Japanese occupied Manchuria. On 29 July 1937 Japanese troops invaded Beijing and brought it under control in little more than a week. The occupation of Beijing lasted until the Japanese surrender in August 1945. The People's Liberation Army entered Beijing in the end of January of 1949 and on 1 October 1949, when Li Xueqin was sixteen, Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. This period of warfare was followed by periods of political turmoil which often centered around intellectuals—thought reform in the early fifties, the anti-rightest campaigns and the Great Leap Forward of the late fifties and early sixties, the Cultural Revolution from the mid-sixties to the mid-seventies.
Abstract T MP15: Post IV Thrombolytic Headache Does Not Predict Hemorrhagic Transformation Risk in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Headache, during or soon after IV infusion of tPA in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a concern for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) per various AIS treatment protocols. However no data is available regarding the rate of HT in these patients or the prognostic significance of such headaches. Objective: To examine the significance of tPA associated headaches in terms of HT rates and clinical outcomes among AIS patients. Methods: AIS patients treated with IV tPA at a comprehensive stroke center between Jan, 2007 and Nov, 2012 were retrospectively reviewed for documented tPA associated headache; defined as new headache or worsening of pre-treatment headache in the first 24 hours post tPA. Out of 250 charts, headache status was documented in 193. For these, basic demographics including age, gender, and co-morbidities were collected. We compared and analyzed the two groups (headache vs. no headache) for differences in various clinical and radiological outcomes. Results: Of 193 patients, 6...
Diuretic action of glycerol in dogs.

SummaryGlycerol produced an osmotic diuresis when given intravenously to dogs. The magnitude of the diuresis was proportional to the increased urinary solute excretion, and urine sodium concentration ranged between 50 and 100 mM per L. When glycerol was given together with a mercurial diuretic there were additive effects on water excretion, but sodium excretion was not enhanced beyond that produced by the mercurial.
Linear Parameter-Varying Control for Variations in Thermal Gradients across Hypersonic Vehicles

Flight at hypersonic speeds will induce signiflcant heating on the vehicle. The resulting thermal gradients will cause spatially-varying temperatures that range across the fuselage. These thermal gradients will afiect the modal properties of the structural dynamics and, due to aerothermoelastic coupling, afiect the ∞ight dynamics. This paper introduces the linear parameter-varying framework to compensate for the efiects of the thermal proflles. The dynamics of a hypersonic vehicle are expressed with a dependency on the temperature at difierent locations along the fuselage. A controller is then synthesized that is inherently scheduled on these temperature values. The approach is demonstrated to achieve vibration attenuation of a structural mode for a wide range of thermal proflles.