cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Membrane Targeting of the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 by Protein Kinase A and Its Anchoring Protein AKAP79

The beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) undergoes desensitization by a process involving its phosphorylation by both protein kinase A (PKA) and G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). The protein kinase A-anchoring protein AKAP79 influences beta2AR phosphorylation by complexing PKA with the receptor at the membrane. Here we show that AKAP79 also regulates the ability of GRK2 to phosphorylate agonist-occupied receptors. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, overexpression of AKAP79 enhances agonist-induced phosphorylation of both the beta2AR and a mutant of the receptor that cannot be phosphorylated by PKA (beta2AR/PKA-). Mutants of AKAP79 that do not bind PKA or target to the beta2AR markedly inhibit phosphorylation of beta2AR/PKA-. We show that PKA directly phosphorylates GRK2 on serine 685. This modification increases Gbetagamma subunit binding to GRK2 and thus enhances the ability of the kinase to translocate to the membrane and phosphorylate the receptor. Abrogation of the phosphorylation of serine 685 on GRK2 by mutagenesis (S685A) or by expression of a dominant negative AKAP79 mutant reduces GRK2-mediated translocation to beta2AR and phosphorylation of agonist-occupied beta2AR, thus reducing subsequent receptor internalization. Agonist-stimulated PKA-mediated phosphorylation of GRK2 may represent a mechanism for enhancing receptor phosphorylation and desensitization.
Pressure and temperature effects on the vibrational frequencies of crystalline polymethylenes. I. Infrared‐active rocking modes

The energy level dispersion, along the chain wave vector, of infrared-active methylene rocking modes has been measured as a function of pressure to 40 kbar for a number of polymethylenes. They are crystalline polyethylene and n-paraffins C23H48, C24H50, C28H58, and C29H60. The crystalline factor-group splitting of each chain mode is observed at various pressures, for those polymethylenes which have orthorhombic or monoclinic structures. The effects of crystal structure, intermolecular force field and intramolecular force field on the observed energy levels as well as on the crystalline factor-group splittings are discussed A hydrogen–hydrogen nonbonded repulsion potential has been calculated as a function of interatomic distance rH••H for 2.3 A < rH••H < 3.0 A from the observed volume dependence of the factor-group splittings of methylene rocking modes. It is shown that the dynamic potential wells along the normal coordinates of the rocking modes are harmonic up to room temperature.
Emerging cardiovascular imaging techniques to non-invasively detect coronary artery disease

The current reference standard for the non-invasive detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who present with symptoms suggestive of CAD is either an exercise or pharmacologic stress radionuclide examination. Although useful, this test is limited by its relatively poor spatial resolution, high cost and need for ionizing radiation. Alternative non-invasive tests that are now clinically available include rest or pharmacologic stress echocardiography, pharmacologic stress during magnetic resonance perfusion imaging and multislice computed tomographic coronary angiography. This paper will present the advantages and disadvantages of stress techniques, and new developments that will further improve the accuracy of these tests.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Volatile Constitutents from Cooked Carcasses of Old and Young Chickens

Abstract MODERN methods of poultry production have resulted in accelerated growth rates with lowered feed and labor requirements (Lineweaver and Pippen, 1961). Despite progress in producing low cost poultry, scientific evidence on the relative amount of flavor in the meat from new versus old-type birds is incomplete. A recent study by Wells et al. (1962) in which comparisons were made of cooked freeze-dehydrated breast muscle from 28 month-, 19 week-, and 9 week-old birds indicated that although color was best in the 19 week-old birds, tenderness and flavor were best in the 28 month-old birds. Earlier studies on birds ranging in age from 6 weeks to 6 months failed to reveal significant flavor differences (Fry et al., 1958; Leong et al., 1958; Harkin et al., 1958; and Hanson et al., 1959). These workers concluded that poultry production by modern methods has been achieved without loss of flavor, and that chicken flavor…
A modified dose calculation formalism for electronic brachytherapy sources.

Abstract Purpose To propose a modification of the current dose calculation formalism introduced in the Task Group No. 43 Report (TG-43) to accommodate an air-kerma rate standard for electronic brachytherapy sources as an alternative to an air-kerma strength standard. Methods Electronic brachytherapy sources are miniature x-ray tubes emitting low energies with high-dose-rates. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has introduced a new primary air-kerma rate standard for one of these sources, in contrast to air-kerma strength. A modification of the TG-43 protocol for calculation of dose-rate distributions around electronic brachytherapy sources including sources in an applicator is presented. It cannot be assumed that the perturbations from sources in an applicator are negligible, and thus, the applicator is incorporated in the formalism. The modified protocol mimics the fundamental methodology of the original TG-43 formalism, but now incorporates the new NIST-traceable source strength metric of air-kerma rate at 50 cm and introduces a new subscript, i , to denote the presence of an applicator used in treatment delivery. Applications of electronic brachytherapy sources for surface brachytherapy are not addressed in this Technical Note since they are well documented in other publications. Results A modification of the AAPM TG-43 protocol has been developed to accommodate an air-kerma rate standard for electronic brachytherapy sources as an alternative to an air-kerma strength standard. Conclusions The modified TG-43 formalism allows dose calculations to be performed using a new NIST-traceable source strength metric and introduces the concept of applicator-specific formalism parameters denoted with subscript, i.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Trap Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Multiple Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a potent angiogenic agent that binds to two high affinity VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), a process facilitated by the low affinity neuropilin receptors. Although VEGF-A is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, it is not known whether the in vivo growth of multiple pancreatic cancer cells can be efficiently blocked by VEGF-A sequestration. Experimental Design: Four human pancreatic cancer cell lines were grown s.c. in athymic nude mice. One cell line also was used to generate an orthotopic model of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The consequences of VEGF-A sequestration on tumor growth and metastasis were examined by injecting the mice with a soluble VEGFR chimer (VEGF-Trap) that binds VEGF-A with high affinity. Results: VEGF-Trap, initiated 2 days after tumor cell inoculation, suppressed the s.c. growth of four pancreatic cancer cell lines and markedly decreased tumor microvessel density. Analysis of RNA from tumors generated with T3M4 cells revealed that VEGF-Trap decreased the expression of VEGFR-1 and neuropilin-1 and -2. VEGF-Trap, initiated 3 weeks after tumor implantation, also attenuated intrapancreatic tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic model using PANC-1 cells. Conclusions: VEGF-Trap is a potent suppressor of pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis and also may act to attenuate neuropilin-1 and -2 and VEGFR-1 expression. Therefore, VEGF-Trap may represent an exceedingly useful therapeutic modality for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
A growth factor from neuronal cell lines stimulates myelin protein synthesis in mammalian brain.

Oligodendroglia growth factor (OGF) is a 16-kDa soluble protein produced by neuronal cell lines. This factor, when incubated with brain glia in culture, selectively stimulates growth of oligodendroglia, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS. OGF infused into the cerebral cortex of the adult rat accelerates the production of myelin proteins as shown by increased specific activity of the myelin enzyme 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (2′,3′-CNPase), by stimulated synthesis of myelin basic protein, and by elevations in levels of myelin proteolipid protein RNA. The ability of OGF to induce myelin protein production in vivo suggests that neuron-secreted growth factors help to regulate myelin formation within the CNS.
Climatic and hydrologic processes leading to wetland losses in Yellowstone National Park, USA

Summary Wetlands are vital habitats and can be used as landscape indicators because they integrate catchment-scale processes. Wetland drying during the recent decades in Yellowstone National Park’s Northern Range has incited concern among National Park managers and the public at large. Our research was focused on developing an understanding of the processes controlling wetland water levels and the changes contributing to wetland decline in the Northern Range. We integrated analyses of hydrology, climate, soils, and vegetation. In 2009, 24 study wetlands were instrumented each with an average of five shallow groundwater monitoring well and piezometer nests. We mapped hydric soils, analyzed aerial photographs, and identified geomorphic indicators of higher water to quantify historic wetland area. The Trumpeter Lake study site was intensively studied to resolve watershed processes driving water table changes through time, and it was used to identify the timescale on which a regionally critical wetland varies. Climate data indicated that warming and drying occurred during the last century, but that this pattern was within the natural range of variation for the study region over the past 800 years, as determined from tree ring data. Hydrologic data revealed that study sites included locations of groundwater discharge, recharge, and flow-through as well as water perched above the regional water table. Hydrologic regimes were classified using a shape-magnitude framework and seven wetland classes were characterized, and the robustness of this classification is assessed using longer-term datasets. Aerial photographs and hydric soil delineation both confirmed formerly greater wetland abundance. Changes varied by wetland class and the presence or absence of surface water outlets. Wetland plant species inhabited distinct habitats of water table depth and variation, and can be used to infer subsurface hydrologic regime in the absence of extensive monitoring well networks. A subset of long-term monitoring wells has been instrumented with groundwater pressure transducers, enabling further understanding of wetland hydrologic processes, promoting additional assessment of the wetland classification, and aiding in identification of wetlands especially vulnerable to climate change.
Chlorine Generation and Disinfection by Electroflotation

Electroflotation is a promising technology for simultaneous disinfection and removal of floatable constituents of food process water or fluid products. A bench-scale electroflotation apparatus was constructed. The device demonstrated that disinfection was affected by the presence of chloride and the applied current. It was effective in disinfecting Escherichia coli when chloride was present at levels at least 5.6 mg L -1 at 0.8 A but not at 0.1 A even with 260 mg L -1 chloride. Experiments on salt solutions showed that chlorine generation efficiency increased with chloride up to 260 mg L -1 and also with current, reaching a constant value above 0.4 A. Gas generation efficiency was relatively constant. Appropriate selection of operating conditions may allow optimization of disinfection and separation in electroflotation.
Reaction product fluctuations in a sphere wake

Fluctuations of chemical reaction product were detected in the reacting and nonreacting wake of a sphere. Using the principle of conductometric titration, a single electrode microprobe was used to detect the local concentration of ammonium acetate produced when acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide solutions were injected into the wake of a sphere suspended in the test section of a water tunnel. Reacting and nonreacting wakes were produced when the reactants were injected separately or premixed, respectively. Measurements were taken in the reacting wake with a micro-pH probe in order to have an estimate of the extent of reaction. Data reduction was accomplished using digital techniques. Preliminary results have been obtained that indicate that the distribution of the salt concentration is nongaussian for both reacting and nonreacting wakes. Spectra have been calculated at two wake positions and have similar forms for reacting and non-reacting wakes except at low wavenumber. Inflections from inertial-convective fc~5/3 subranges to viscous-convective h~l subranges were observed at about -£$ of the Kolmogoroff wavenumber.
Microcarrier-based expansion of adult murine side population stem cells.

The lack of reliable methods to efficiently isolate and propagate stem cell populations is a significant obstacle to the advancement of cell-based therapies for human diseases. One isolation technique is based on efflux of the fluorophore Hoechst 33342. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a sub-population containing adult stem cells has been identified in a multitude of tissues in every mammalian species examined. These rare cells are referred to as the ‘side population’ or SP due to a distinctive FACS profile that results from weak staining by Hoechst dye. Although the SP contains multi-potent cells capable of differentiating toward hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages; there is currently no method to efficiently expand them. Here, we describe a spinner-flask culture system containing C2C12 myoblasts attached to spherical microcarriers that act to support the growth of non-adherent, post-natal murine skeletal muscle and bone marrow SP cells. Using FACS and hemocytometry, we show expansion of unfractionated EGFP+ SP cells over 6 wks. A significant number of these cells retain characteristics of freshly-isolated, unfractionated SP cells with respect to protein expression and dye efflux capacity. Expansion of the SP will permit further study of these heterogeneous cells and determine their therapeutic potential for regenerative and reparative therapies.
Detecting Race Conditions in Parallel Programs that Use One Semaphore

We address a problem arising in debugging parallel programs, detecting race conditions in programs using a single semaphore for synchronization. It is NP-complete to detect races in programs that use many semaphores. For the case of a single semaphore, we give an algorithm that takes $O(n^{1.5} p)$ time, where $p$ is the number of processors and $n$ is the total number of semaphore operations executed. Our algorithm constructs a representation from which one can determine in constant time whether a race exists between two given events.
Upstream oil and gas drilling processes and instrumentation open to new technology

The oil and gas industry is heavily dependent on instrumentation and measurement technology. This article explores the relationship between the petroleum industry and the I&M technology that supports it. It specifically identifies technology needed by, but not yet available to, the industry. Research groups are invited to consider how their efforts might be applied to the industry's exciting and remarkably demanding measurement problems.
The melting of polymer granules through the use of a fluid medium

A process of melting individual polymer granules and then combining them into a homogeneous molten mass is examined. The granules are introduced into a high temperature fluid bath, heated as they move due to the polymer-fluid density difference and finally coalesce under the action of surface and gravity forces into a uniform polymer melt which can be used for extrusion, injection molding or other melt processing techniques. Theoretical models and analyses are presented to predict the time required to melt a granule in a particular polymer-fluid system and to have the molten granule coalesce into the developing mass of molten polymer. This latter time includes the time for the continuous phase fluid to drain between the approaching granule and the molten polymer-fluid interface and the time for the granule, once in contact with the interface, to be deposited to some specified depth in the bulk molten polymer. Design parameters for a particular embodiment of the process are presented. Experimental results obtained with a prototype device using mercury as the heat transfer medium are discussed.
Using general purpose digital hardware to perform boundary scan tests

Boundary scan tests are typically developed to make use of the proprietary hardware provided by one of the companies that specialize in boundary scan testing. This can lead to fixturing and logistical problems on large scale test systems used for Defense and Aerospace test, because testing many different assemblies whose tests rely on different boundary scan vendors can require the use of test hardware from each of those vendors. This paper presents a better approach, in which a common runtime software library can be used by each boundary scan supplier to apply his tests using the system's existing general purpose digital hardware.
Detection of DNA-reactive metabolites in serum and their tissue distribution in mice exposed to multiple doses of carcinogen mixtures: role in human biomonitoring.

3*P-Postlabeling of the st-DNA showed essentially the same adduct pattern as found in the tissue DNA, indicating that DRMs of the PAHs used were presumably sequestered and accumulated in the serum proteins. Serum DRMs were detectable at all doses tested following exposure to a mixture of BP, CPP and BF, with varying degrees of detection of the Individual PAHs. At doses 5=1 mg/kg, CPP was more potent than BP and BF in producing serum DRMs as well as tissue DNA adducts. At lower doses, however, BP was more potent Serum DRMs were enhanced 7-20 times when the animals received 1 mg/kg each of these PAHs in the form of a mixture as compared with individual PAHs, however, tissue DNA adduction was enhanced to a lesser degree (1.5to 2-fold). Results from these studies suggest that: (i) DNA adduction by a particular carcinogen can be significantly higher when administered in the form of a mixture than administered individually; (ii) DNA-reactive metabolites can be detected by 32P-postlabeling in the serum of animals treated with environmentally significant doses of an artificial carcinogen mixture. This approach has implications for human biomonitoring and offers an advantage because this obviates the need to acquire human tissue DNA, a major obstacle in population biomonitoring studies.
Introduction and Perspective

This chapter elucidates the nature of power electronics and its importance, applications, and historical evolution. Power electronics deals with the conversion and control of electrical power with the help of electronic switching devices. Power electronics is often defined as a hybrid technology that involves the disciplines of power and electronics. The magnitude of power may vary widely, ranging from a few watts to several gigawatts. Power electronics differs from signal electronics, where the power may be from a few nanowatts to a few watts, and processing of power may be by analog (analog electronics), digital, or switching devices (digital electronics). The most important advantage of the switching mode of power conversion is its high efficiency, which can be 96%-99%. High efficiency saves electricity. Another advantage of power electronic devices is that these devices are more easily cooled than analog or digital electronics devices. The modern era of power electronics is often defined as the era of second electronics revolution. Power electronics plays a pivotal role in energy systems and industrial automation. The environmentally clean renewable energy systems (wind and photovoltaic), which are being highly emphasized in the modern era, are highly dependent on power electronics. The continued technological evolution of power electronics has resulted in considerable cost reduction and improved performance of power-electronic devices. Currently, the power-electronic devices are expanding in industrial, commercial, residential, utility, aerospace and military applications.
Blood parameters of the wild chacma baboon, Papio ursinus

Serum chemical and haematological data are presented for 63 wild chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, living in the Okavango Swamp, Botswana. Most values are similar to those which have been found previously for captive baboons, although some differences are noted, particularly in serum lipid levels. The effects on blood assays of 16 environmental, physiological and behavioural variables are examined. Female reproductive state, especially pregnancy, and the age and size of individuals were the variables which had the most significant effects on blood assays, whereas the presence of blood parasites and the dominance status of an individual had no effect. The importance of defining boundary conditions when describing normal blood values is emphasized.
Psychosocial Consequences: Appraisal, Adaptation, and Bereavement After Trauma

Traumatic life events can affect a wide range of psychosocial consequences for survivors. In this chapter, we discuss the process of coping with trauma and posttraumatic adaptation. Social cognitive theory is proposed as a comprehensive theoretical framework able to account for various observations of posttrauma sequelae and guide further research. The human capacity to engage in self-evaluation and exercise agency to regulate behaviors are key components to adaptive coping. Coping self-efficacy (CSE) has emerged as a consistent and strong predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms and other outcomes. Studies have supported the role of CSE following diverse types of traumatic events and in a variety of populations and posttraumatic contexts. Low CSE is associated with elevated levels of distress and poor outcomes, and high CSE is associated with lower levels of distress and more adaptive outcomes. CSE beliefs have also been shown to mediate the relationship between other key predictors of posttraumatic distress such as social support, loss of resources, and maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions. CSE beliefs are modifiable and may serve as a target for intervention following trauma to enhance the capacity for successful posttraumatic adaptation.
Differences in Hospital Managers’, Unit Managers’, and Health Care Workers’ Perceptions of the Safety Climate for Respiratory Protection

This article compares hospital managers' (HM), unit managers' (UM), and health care workers' (HCW) perceptions of respiratory protection safety climate in acute care hospitals. The article is based on survey responses from 215 HMs, 245 UMs, and 1,105 HCWs employed by 98 acute care hospitals in six states. Ten survey questions assessed five of the key dimensions of safety climate commonly identified in the literature: managerial commitment to safety, management feedback on safety procedures, coworkers' safety norms, worker involvement, and worker safety training. Clinically and statistically significant differences were found across the three respondent types. HCWs had less positive perceptions of management commitment, worker involvement, and safety training aspects of safety climate than HMs and UMs. UMs had more positive perceptions of management's supervision of HCWs' respiratory protection practices. Implications for practice improvements indicate the need for frontline HCWs' inclusion in efforts to reduce safety climate barriers and better support effective respiratory protection programs and daily health protection practices.
Population Ecology of Parasites of the Green Cloverworm in Iowa

Extensive and intensive sampling programs were conducted in 1970 and 1971 in alfalfa and soybean ecosystems to determine the relative abundance of green cloverworm larvae, Plathypena scabra (F.), in various areas of Iowa and also to collect and identify green cloverworm parasites and to determine their distribution, abundance, seasonal occurrence, and host-parasite relationships. Ten species of primary parasites were reared, 5 of which are reported as parasites of the green cloverworm for the 1st time. Total parasitism by all species in the 2-year study was 31.8%. The most abundant parasite, Rogas nolophanae Ashmead, was reared from 17.8% of all larvae collected in 2 years. Early season parasitism by R. nolophanae was high but declined sharply at midseason. Little difference was noted in total parasitism by R. nolophanae in the 2 ecosystems. The 2nd most abundant parasite, Winthemia sinuata Reinhard, was reared from 8.6% of all larvae collected. Percentage parasitism by W. sinuata was low early in the season but increased later. Parasitism by W. sinuata was 3.9 and 10.0% in alfalfa and soybeans, respectively. In the weekly intensive study, total parasitism by each of 6 of the primary parasites was less than 1.5%. Hymenopterous parasites reared had solitary development and the dipterous parasites usually had solitary development. The single egg parasite, Telenomus sp., is a new record. Other mortality factors noted were mermithid nematodes and a granulosis virus.
Flicker Fusion Frequency of the Compound Eye of Heliothis zea (Lepid optera: Noctuidae)

The flicker fusion frequency (FFF) of the eye of the dark-adapted laboratory-reared and field-collected bollworm moth, Heliothis zea (Boddie), of both sexes was determined with electrophysiological methods. The light stimuli consisted of a half-height bandwidth of 480–550 millimicrons (mµ) peaking at 520 mµ (green) and having an intensity of 165±5 µw/cm2, that is, about 45 footcandles. The average FFF‗s were: laboratory-reared males, 78/sec; field-collected females, 80/sec; field-collected males, 83/sec; and laboratory-reared females, 88/sec. The FFF's ranged from a low of 61/sec for a laboratory- reared male to 90/sec for a laboratory-reared female. Thus the average bollworm moth detected about 82 flickers/sec at the light levels tested.
Learning for You and Learning for Me: Mentoring as Professional Development for Mentor Teachers.

Professional development (PD) opportunities for teachers most commonly take place outside the classroom and are typically designed to address specific components of teachers’ instruction or curriculum. However, there are other activities that take place within the classroom that may have a profound impact on the PD of a teacher. We sought to gain a deeper understanding of the influence that placing a teacher in a mentor role can have on their PD and practice. Thus, we researched the influence of mentor teachers’ work with university-level STEM education majors by engaging in teaching a limited series of STEM inquiry-based lessons in the mentors’ classrooms. Surveys of the mentor teachers indicated that there were many positive benefits for mentors, including gaining new ideas, increased reflection on their practice, increased engagement of students, and in some cases shifts in practice.
A method of water consumption balance and application

The basin level water balance analysis is the core of water resource evaluation and rational management.A method of basin level water consumption balance is presented in this paper,based on evapotranspiration estimated by remote sensing and combining statistic data.In a case study,we analyzed the water consumption balance in the Hai Basin from 2002 to 2007 and found the average water storage change to be-6.23 billion cubic meters.The agriculture sector is one of the biggest consumers of water resources,accounting for 54.3% of the total water consumption,although the inter-annual change ranges are lower(-5% to 8%).The water resource problems are discussed in this paper based on the analysis of changes in water storage and the evapotranspiration structure,and some suggestions for region water source management and water-saving society construction are proposed.
High-Throughput, Algorithmic Determination of Nanoparticle Structure from Electron Microscopy Images

Electron microscopy (EM) represents the most powerful tool to directly characterize the structure of individual nanoparticles. Accurate descriptions of nanoparticle populations with EM, however, are currently limited by the lack of tools to quantitatively analyze populations in a high-throughput manner. Herein, we report a computational method to algorithmically analyze EM images that allows for the first automated structural quantification of heterogeneous nanostructure populations, with species that differ in both size and shape. This allows one to accurately describe nanoscale structure at the bulk level, analogous to ensemble measurements with individual particle resolution. With our described EM protocol and our inclusion of freely available code for our algorithmic analysis, we aim to standardize EM characterization of nanostructure populations to increase reproducibility, objectivity, and throughput in measurements. We believe this work will have significant implications in diverse research areas involving nanomaterials, including, but not limited to, fundamental studies of structural control in nanoparticle synthesis, nanomaterial-based therapeutics and diagnostics, optoelectronics, and catalysis.
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in hairy cell leukemia

Studies of hairy cell leukemia have yielded conflicting data about the cell of origin in this disease. To investigate this issue, we have examined the state of immunoglobulin genes in the cells of 11 randomly selected spleens showing histologic involvement with hairy cell leukemia. DNA was extracted from splenic tissue samples and digested with restriction endonucleases. Following agarose gel electrophoresis and transfer to nitrocellulose filters or activated nylon membranes, splenic DNA was hybridized with radiolabeled DNA fragment probes specific for the constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa and lambda light chain genes. Autoradiograms of the hybridized DNA in each case revealed rearrangements of a heavy chain gene and at least one light chain gene. In addition, immunophenotyping of cellular immunoglobulin polypeptides was carried out on frozen tissue sections from all but one case. In each case in which an immunoglobulin polypeptide could be detected, a rearrangement was present in the DNA of the corresponding immunoglobulin gene. These studies offer strong evidence for endogenous immunoglobulin synthesis in hairy cells and for the B lymphocytic character of this leukemia.
Dissonance-based eating disorder program reduces cardiac risk: A preliminary trial.

Objective We conducted a randomized, controlled preliminary trial to examine the effect of a dissonance-based eating disorder program on eating disorder symptoms and cardiac risk indices in a community sample of women with subclinical and clinical symptoms (N = 47), examining the efficacy of the program in both the indicated prevention and treatment realms. Method Eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, and biomarkers of cardiac risk were examined in dissonance and assessment-only control conditions at baseline, postintervention, and 2-month follow-up. Specifically, we assessed mean R wave amplitude, QT interval length, vagal tone (high frequency spectral power of heart rate variability), and sympathetic tone (low/high frequency spectral power ratio) via electocardiography (ECG) at each assessment period. Results We predicted a statistically significant 2 (condition: control, dissonance) × 3 (time: baseline, postintervention, 2-month follow-up) interaction in the mixed factorial MANOVA results. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Eating disorder symptoms and cardiac risk indices decreased significantly among participants in the dissonance condition at postintervention and 2-month follow-up compared with baseline. Conclusion Results provide support for the efficacy of a dissonance-based program in the reduction of eating disorder symptoms and cardiac risk indices among women with subclinical and clinical eating disorder symptoms. Findings establish the efficaciousness of this dissonance-based approach in the indicated prevention and treatment realms and establish its efficacy in reducing cardiac risk indicators. (PsycINFO Database Record
Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Related Abstracts Presented at National Conferences in the USA Are Frequently Unpublished as Full Manuscripts

Numerous abstracts related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are presented at national conferences in the USA. The overall rate of publication of these abstracts as complete manuscripts is unknown . Abstracts submitted to the 2010 American College of Gastroenterology (ACG), Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (AIBD), and the American Gastroenterological Association abstracts at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) were reviewed. Each abstract was reviewed manually by two authors for type of research, study design, patient population, and outcome. Both PubMed and Google were then searched to determine whether the abstract was published as a full manuscript within five years of the conference. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out using Stata 14.1. In total, 872 abstracts were reviewed. 49% (426/872) were published as complete manuscripts within five years of the conference. The average length of time to publication was 1.87 years (range 0–5). 42% of abstracts from ACG, 58% from AIBD, and 23% from DDW were eventually published (p < 0.0001). However, abstracts presented at DDW had the shortest time to publication compared to the other conferences (p = 0.002). Factors predictive of eventual publication include: number of authors (mean 7.5 for published vs 6.4 for unpublished p = 0.0001), clinical research compared to basic and translational (p = 0.026), and studies assessing drug safety with no adverse effects reported (p = 0.006). Nearly 50% of the abstracts presented at major gastroenterology conferences in the USA are published as full manuscripts 5 years after the conference. Further studies are needed to assess why so many abstracts are not published.
Acceptability and effectiveness of a web-based psychosocial intervention among criminal justice involved adults

The acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of web-based interventions among criminal justice involved populations are understudied. This study is a secondary analysis of baseline characteristics associated with criminal justice system (CJS) status as treatment outcome moderators among participants enrolling in a large randomized trial of a web-based psychosocial intervention (Therapeutic Education System [TES]) as part of outpatient addiction treatment. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics, TES participation rates, and the trial’s two co-primary outcomes, end of treatment abstinence and treatment retention, by self-reported CJS status at baseline: 1) CJS-mandated to community treatment (CJS-mandated), 2) CJS-recommended to treatment (CJS-recommended), 3) no CJS treatment mandate (CJS-none). CJS-mandated (n = 107) and CJS-recommended (n = 69) participants differed from CJS-none (n = 331) at baseline: CJS-mandated were significantly more likely to be male, uninsured, report cannabis as the primary drug problem, report fewer days of drug use at baseline, screen negative for depression, and score lower for psychological distress and higher on physical health status; CJS-recommended were younger, more likely single, less likely to report no regular Internet use, and to report cannabis as the primary drug problem. Both CJS-involved (CJS -recommended and -mandated) groups were more likely to have been recently incarcerated. Among participants randomized to the TES arm, module completion was similar across the CJS subgroups. A three-way interaction of treatment, baseline abstinence and CJS status showed no associations with the study’s primary abstinence outcome. Overall, CJS-involved participants in this study tended to be young, male, and in treatment for a primary cannabis problem. The feasibility and effectiveness of the web-based psychosocial intervention, TES, did not vary by CJS-mandated or CJS-recommended participants compared to CJS-none. Web-based counseling interventions may be effective interventions as US public safety policies begin to emphasize supervised community drug treatment over incarceration.
The Many Dimensions of Gender Equality and Their Impact on Economic Growth

AbstractThis study explores the multidimensional nature of gender equality and its influence on economic growth across 64 countries from 2000–2011 using an endogenous growth model. After controlling for standard growth correlates, the empirical results show that countries that protect the economic rights of women experience higher real GDP per capita growth rates. Furthermore, after controlling for a country’s religious affiliation, the importance of religion to the lives of people living in a country had a negative influence on economic growth. Intensely held religious beliefs are strongly correlated with gender inequitable views. These attitudes might serve as an important channel through which these gender biases are institutionalized in economic practices and act to slow economic growth.
Periosteal Ewing Sarcoma in a 65-Year-Old Man: A Case Report.

Case: Ewing sarcoma is predominantly a pediatric bone malignancy involving the medullary canal. Periosteal Ewing sarcoma, a subtype arising from the periosteum, is exceedingly rare, with approximately 30 reported cases in the literature. We describe a case of periosteal Ewing sarcoma in the tibia of a 65-year-old man. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a heterogeneous mass in the proximal tibial diaphysis without medullary involvement. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically after biopsy. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this case report describes the oldest documented patient with periosteal Ewing sarcoma.
TIME TRAVEL IN POPULAR MEDIA: ESSAYS ON FILM, TELEVISION, LITERATURE AND VIDEO GAMES Ed. Matthew Jones and Joan Ormrod. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2015. 336 pp. $40.00 paper.

In their recent edited collection, Time Travel in Popular Media: Essays on Film, Television, Literature and Video Games, Matthew Jones and Joan Ormrod have brought together scholars who each use a ...
Strain localization during squeeze of an entangled polymer melt under constant force

We explore the nonlinear rheological behavior of an entangled melt under one-dimensional squeeze at constant squeezing force. In the absence of any meniscus failure, we find according to the particle-tracking velocimetric observations that the nonlinear response during creep takes place through strain localization. Specifically, the creep is observed to speed up due to the reduced viscosity that first takes place at the polymer/wall interface. Apart from the massive apparent wall slip, the particle-tracking velocimetry reveals strain localization in the bulk, presumably due to localized yielding of the entanglement network. Thus, the combination of rheometric information and knowledge about the strain field has illustrated a common feature concerning the nonlinear response of well-entangled polymers to large deformation, i.e., shear banding during yielding.
The bipore model in solid-liquid extraction: the batch process

This paper presents the exact analytical solution for the general case of transient mass transfer between a solid with a biporous structure (with a micro and a macroporosity) and the entouring finite fluid. The transport inside the solid is by molecular diffusion and outside of it the convective film resistance is included. A general expression is given which is valid for the infinite plate, for the infinite cylinder and for the sphere. The standard monopore case is obtained as a particular solution.
Diencephalic and Midbrain Variations

The variations of the gross diencephalic and midbrain structures have been prepared using 25 hemispheres for each plane according to the methods given in detail in Chapter 2, Part III of Volume I.
A Sense of Growth Among Teenagers After Hurting Others: A Potential Application of Posttraumatic Growth Theory

AbstractResearch on psychological growth after suffering has focused on survivors and victims of trauma and has largely ignored those who are not on the receiving end. The current study aimed to un...
Medical Students’ Attitudes Towards Child Psychiatry: The Impact of a Third-Year Required Rotation

Two problems are investigated. Can a 2½ hour weekly child/adolescent experience as part of a six week required third year clinical clerkship positively affect medical student attitudes? Second, what factors of the clerkship are rated as most important by the medical student and what is the most salutary method of instruction? The recruitment implications for child psychiatry are considered in light of the results.
Tensin regulates pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans

Tensin is a focal adhesion molecule that is known to regulate cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Although there are four tensin homologs (TNS1, TNS2, TNS3, and CTEN/TNS4) in mammals, only one tensin gene is found in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sequence analysis suggests that Caenorhabditis elegans tensin is slightly closer aligned with human TNS1 than with other human tensins. To establish the role of TNS1 in Caenorhabditis elegans, we have generated TNS1 knockout (KO) worms by CRISPR-Cas9 and homologous recombination directed repair approaches. Lack of TNS1 does not appear to affect the development or gross morphology of the worms. Nonetheless, defecation cycles are significantly longer in TNS1 KO worms. In addition, their pharyngeal pumping rate is markedly faster, which is likely due to a shorter pump duration in the KO worms. These findings indicate that TNS1 is not required for the development and survival of Caenorhabditis elegans but point to a critical role in modulating defecation and pharyngeal pumping rates.
Virtual time-to-contact identifies balance deficits better than traditional metrics in people with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that negatively affects the quality of electrical signaling throughout the central nervous system. Although impaired postural control is one of the most common symptoms in people with MS (PwMS), commonly reported metrics such as center of pressure (CoP) path length and velocity have not been great predictors of fall risk. A relatively new metric, known as virtual time-to-contact (VTC), is a measurement that uses the instantaneous position, velocity and acceleration of the CoP, to predict how long it would take the CoP to reach the boundary of the base of support for every data point in a trial. While the VTC metric has shown promising results in PwMS, there are still inconsistencies in how VTC is reported. Thus, the purpose of this work was to compare VTC to commonly reported measures of postural balance control to identify the most appropriate metric(s) for assessing balance impairments unique to PwMS. A group of patients with MS and a group of neurologically healthy controls performed a static balance task with both eyes open and eyes closed. The VTC minimum values (minima) were the best at detecting balance performance differences between conditions and between study groups. In addition, VTC minima was the best at detecting proprioceptive weaknesses in PwMS, assessed via the Romberg ratio. These results suggest that the VTC minima may be better than traditional metrics at detecting balance impairments unique to PwMS as well as proprioceptive deficits within this population.
BSAseq: an interactive and integrated web-based workflow for identification of causal mutations in bulked F2 populations

Abstract Summary With the advance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and reductions in the costs of these techniques, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) has become not only a powerful tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) but also a useful way to identify causal gene mutations underlying phenotypes of interest. However, due to the presence of background mutations and errors in sequencing, genotyping, and reference assembly, it is often difficult to distinguish true causal mutations from background mutations. In this study, we developed the BSAseq workflow, which includes an automated bioinformatics analysis pipeline with a probabilistic model for estimating the segregation region and an interactive Shiny web application for visualizing the results. We deeply sequenced a male sterile parental line (ms8) to capture the majority of background mutations in our bulked F2 data. We applied the workflow to 11 bulked F2 populations and identified the true causal mutation in each population. The workflow is intuitive and straightforward, facilitating its adoption by users without bioinformatics analysis skills. We anticipate that BSAseq will be broadly applicable to the identification of causal mutations for many phenotypes of interest. Availability BSAseq is freely available on https://www.sciapps.org/page/bsa Contact liya.wang@cshl.edu, ware@cshl.edu, zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov
Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alkanes by PCP-Pincer Iridium Complexes Using Proton and Electron Acceptors

Dehydrogenation to give olefins offers the most broadly applicable route to the chemical transformation of alkanes. Transition-metal-based catalysts can selectively dehydrogenate alkanes using eith...
On the Economics of Say and Keynes's Interpretation of Say's Law

J. B. Say argued that commercial crises were the results of effective demand failures, except, unlike Malthus he did not naively attribute effective demand failures to overproduction given some absolute limit on people's willingness to consume. Instead, Say built a theory of recessions based on coordination failures. Many of Say's contemporaries failed to understand his arguments. This in turn led to an escalating series of misquotes and misinterpretations that ultimately ended up as Keynes' supply creates its own demand rendition of Say's law.
Electrodermal Activity of Auricular Acupoints in Pediatric Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders.

OBJECTIVES Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) affect approximately 13.5% of children. Pharmacotherapy is often ineffective, leaving providers, and families seeking adjunctive therapies. Auriculotherapy provides treatment for pain and other symptoms, without a defined protocol for FAPD. A handheld point-finder device measuring transdermal electrical current determines active acupoints, with a higher current indicating a more active acupoint. Our objectives were to determine auricular acupoint (AA) activity in FAPD and to assess participants' attitudes towards auriculotherapy. METHODS This is a prospective double-blind study evaluating the electrodermal activity of AAs in pediatric-aged female participants with FAPD compared to healthy controls (HC). Participants completed surveys regarding demographics and interest in auriculotherapy. The electrodermal assessment evaluated 20 AAs per ear using a point-finder device. Each AA current measurement was analyzed by average relative rank and median, with a median current measurement ≥50 μA considered active. RESULTS We enrolled 46 female participants, 22 FAPD (mean age 15.8 years) and 24 HC (mean age 15.4 years). In FAPD, 12 of 40 AAs were active, of which only six were also active in HC. Comparison of median current and average ranking between participants demonstrated consistency. In the post-assessment survey, 86.4% of FAPD expressed interest in receiving auricular acupressure and 68.2% would travel to the clinic solely for treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on electrodermal measurements, we propose a treatment protocol using auriculotherapy for FAPD symptom-management. We demonstrated there is considerable patient interest in auriculotherapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings in a larger sample size and validate the efficacy of this treatment protocol.