cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low temperature chemical beam epitaxy of gallium phosphide/silicon heterostructures

Abstract The low temperature epitaxial growth of GaP on (001) Si by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) was investigated with the aim of using GaP epilayers for the dielectric isolation of silicon circuits. Optimum CBE of GaP on silicon, using t- butyl phosphine (TBP) and triethylgallium (TEG) as source vapors, is obtained at 310 °C. GaP nucleates on silicon highly selectively with regard to deliberately SiO2 and SiC coated surface regions. This behavior is due to the higher catalytic activity of the GaP surface compared with a silicon dioxide surface with regard to TBP pyrolysis. The efficiencies of incorporating phosphorus and gallium at the GaP surface are substantially different and require flux ratios R TBP:TEG ⩾ 25 for stoichiometric GaP deposition. Atomic force microscopy reveals a typical surface roughness of 75 A for a film thickness of 2000 A. Although the GaP growth occurs initially without interfacial reactions, upon prolonged growth (layer thickness more than 300 A), transport of oxygen and carbon through the GaP film to the GaPSi interface results in the growth of an SiO2/SiC layer between the silicon substrate and the GaP film, which is desirable in the context of dielectric isolation but requires modifications of the growth conditions in the context of opto-electronics.
Comparability of skin temperatures from three sites on the hand.

Skin temperature from three recording sites (web dorsum and two digital sites) on one hand were compared over a 30-minute period during which room temperature was raised from 66° to 80°F causing skin temperatures to range from 78.5° to 92.3°F. The web dorsum remained significantly warmer than either digital site at the lowest skin temperatures; no significant inter-site differences were seen as skin temperature gradually increased. These findings imply that none of the three sites is more advantageous than the others when recording hand temperature values around or above 85°F. However, at the lower levels of skin temperature, there is a “floor” below which the web dorsum is no longer a sensitive indicator. More generally, basic data of this type provide a necessary but often absent foundation for routine practice of clinical biofeedback.
Thoughts on the accomplishment and possibility of the human hand: sterling bunnell traveling fellow report 2000-2001

Abstract The author reports her experience as the Sterling Bunnell Fellow, illustrating the relationship between congenial limb differences, evolution, and developmental anatomy in both a social and scientific context. In this essay, she explores the ties between the human perception of the beauty and importance of the hand, and its actual purpose and design.
The use of Web2.0 style technologies among Chinese civil society organizations

Based on a nationwide survey of more than 500 CSOs in China conducted in 2009, the research presented herein provides the first set of data and the first quantitative analysis regarding the use of Web2.0 technologies among Chinese CSOs. First, it attempts to answer the basic but crucial questions: Whether, on the whole, China's CSOs use Web2.0 style technologies, and how widely different Web2.0 style technologies have been adopted among China's CSOs. Second, it attempts to answer whether there is a regional difference (East China/Central China/West China) in the adoption of Web2.0 technologies; whether there is a difference in Web2.0 technologies adoption by financial resource (of CSOs); if yes, which group of CSOs are disadvantaged. This research found that most of the chosen Web2.0 style technologies have been widely adopted by CSOs. The use of Web2.0 style technologies and social media is likely to become a widespread phenomenon among CSOs in China. We found CSOs with medium financial support are more likely to use Web2.0, whereas CSOs with high financial support are left behind in the use of some Web2.0 technologies. More importantly, we found there is a regional inequality in the adoption of Web2.0 style technologies. CSOs in western China are left behind in the adoption of Web2.0. And CSOs in eastern China are more likely to use blog and Forum/BBS; CSOs in central China are more likely to upload video materials.
Cochlear nucleus unit responses to pure tones in the unanesthetized rabbit.

Abstract Seventy-six units were studied in the cochlear nucleus of unanesthetized, paralyzed rabbits. Most were located in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Fifty-eight units were characterized according to their response area by the scheme of Evans and Nelson (1973, Exp. Brain Res., 17, 402–427): 22.5% showed purely excitatory response areas (type I II ), 72.5% showed mixed excitatory and inhibitory response areas (types III and IV), and 5% showed purely inhibitory response areas (type V). Ten units had virtually no spontaneous activity so were unclassifiable. When characterized according to the scheme of Pfeiffer (1966, Exp. Brain Res., 1, 220–235), 41% of the units were primary-like, 24% were choppers, 20% were pausers, 3% were buildup, and 1% were on units. There was no overall correlation between the two methods of unit classification, but type I II units showed a high number of chopper patterns. Dorsal cochlear nucleus units in the unanesthetized rabbit showed response characteristics very similar to those which were reported in the decerebrate cat. However, there was a greater prevalence of primary-like, purely excitatory units in the rabbit dorsal cochlear nucleus. This may have reflected a species difference or have been due to technical considerations. It appears that the rabbit cochlear nucleus has very similar physiologic, as well as anatomic, characteristics as does that of the cat.
Genetic effects of the soft starch (h) and background loci on volume of starch granules in five inbreds of maize

Larger particle volume is beneficial for many aspects of maize starch processing, and may improve the performance of some starch attributes. This study focused on the soft starch (h) locus to identify its potentially influential role in starch particle volume distribution. The objectives were to study the genetic expression of starch particle volume of the h locus in different genetic backgrounds and the gene action conditioning starch particle volume of other loci in both normal-starch and h-starch backgrounds. Forty-five populations (five intra-inbred F1s, 10 hybrid F1s 10 F2s, 10 BC1F1s to h/h parent, and 10 BC1 to h:h conversion of normal parent) were planted in 1993 at two locations and in 1995 at one location. Selfed heterozygotes (±/h) in all generations provided intra-ear comparisons of normal and h starch, and F3 and BC1F2 generations provided inter-ear comparisons. Significant differences were found between normal and h:h genotypes in all intra-ear and inter-ear comparisons. In all cases, general combining ability effects were highly significant, suggesting the presence of additive gene effects. Generation mean analysis of normal and h:h starch materials yielded similar results, indicating the predominance of additive and some dominance effects for other loci on starch particle volume. These results indicate the usefulness of the soft starch gene and additional genetic variation among inbreds in the improvement of starch particle volume for increased starch recovery in wet milling.
Focusing of magma in the upper mantle through dike interaction

[1] We use laboratory experiments and numerical models to quantify the effects of dike interaction on the focusing of magma as it ascends in the upper mantle. Laboratory experiments involve injecting buoyant fluid into the base of a tank filled with solidified gelatin. When we initiate two dikes parallel to each other, but separated by a horizontal distance x, they tend to merge as they ascend. This behavior is also predicted by numerical models of two-dimensional dikes. The key parameters that control the maximum horizontal separation xc over which dikes will intersect are dike driving pressures, dike head lengths L (i.e., the length over which driving pressure is large), and the difference between the principal stresses of the remote stress field. When the remote differential stress is small compared to the dike driving pressure, two dikes of equal driving pressure and length will intersect over distances of xc ∼ L. This distance decreases with increasing remote differential stress. We quantify the effects on magma transport from a broad lateral distribution of magma using numerical simulations of multiple-dike interaction. When the average dike spacing prior to interaction is within ∼3L and remote differential stresses are insignificant, dike interaction can focus magma over horizontal distances many times L but at least ∼6L. Dike interaction can focus magma in the asthenosphere beneath mid-ocean ridges for low mantle viscosities (≤1019 Pa s) and if dikes initiate with average separations of a few hundred meters, or less. Such focusing is predicted to grow dikes of increasing magma flux approaching lateral separations of a kilometer.
Relation of Fasting Ketosis to Nature of Protein and Fat Content of Preceding Diet

SummaryThe degree of fasting ketosis was influenced by the nature of the preceding protein intake. The ketosis bore an inverse relation to the protein catabolism during fasting, being higher after gelatin than after blood albumen feeding. Casein and edestin produced an intermediate fasting level of nitrogen excretion and ketosis.Various natural fats fed prior to fasting were without influence upon the degree of fasting ketosis except as the protein catabolism varied. The usual inverse relation between the ketosis levels and the amount of nitrogen excreted was evident.
An Early X-ray Tube.

The ABC of the X Rays (1) by William Henry Meadowcroft (1853-1937). Meadowcroft was Thomas Edison’s secretary and biographer (Edison was an early x-ray investigator). The text is an elementary exposition of x-rays, x-ray tubes, and suitable power sources. Practical Radiography (2) by Henry Snowden Ward (18651911) and William A. Anthony. Ward was editor of a British photography journal, The Photogram, which featured a section on radiography. Not surprisingly, his book deals with equipment and techniques for taking radiographic exposures. Roentgen Rays and Phenomena of the Anode and Cathode (3) by Edward Pruden Thompson. Thompson was an electrical engineer and patent attorney in New York. His text is a compendium of approximately 200 synopses of seminal papers exploring electrical and radiant phenomena (including publications of Faraday, J.J. Thomson, Crookes, Tesla, Hertz, Lenard, Edison, and Roentgen). The X Ray or Photography of the Invisible and Its Value in Surgery (4) by William James Morton (1845-1920) and Edwin W. Hammer. The only text authored by a physician, it contained sections on medical, surgical, and dental radiography (with a brief speculative chapter on the “curative action of the X ray”). Even the use of radiographs as legal evidence was addressed. It is the only one of the volumes that mentioned radiation toxicity, but it made no recommendations regarding radiation safety.
Electron and positron states on the (001) surface of paramagnetic chromium

Self-consistent electron energy bands for paramagnetic chromium have been projected into the two-dimensional Brillouin zone to investigate the possibility of localized states on the (001) surface. Several gaps occur, including some at the bulk Fermi energy, suggesting surface states. Analysis with Mattis' conditions for surface states supports this conclusion. The potential produced by the self-consistent electron charge density was used to generate a positron band structure which was also projected into the (001) Brillouin zone. Suitable conditions for surface states were again found, but the apparent negative work function for positrons in chromium complicates their experimental observation.
Water uptake of epoxy–clay nanocomposites: Experiments and model validation

Abstract Models for the diffusion of water into pure epoxy and for epoxy nanocomposites were presented in a previous paper [Liu W, Hoa SV, Pugh M. Water uptake of epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Part I: Model development. J Compos Sci Technol 2007;67:3308--15]. In this paper, two different types of epoxies were examined for water absorption behavior. Specimens of epoxies and of epoxy/nanocomposites were immersed in distilled water at constant temperatures of 23 °C, 50 °C and 80 °C for 5000 h. The equilibrium moisture content of the nanocomposites was measured, and diffusivities were determined by fitting Fick’s Law, Langmuir model of diffusion (LMD) and diffusion with time varying diffusivity (DTVD) to the experimental data, employing a least-square approach. Diffusion models for nanocomposites are discussed, and confirmed by experimental data for different types of nanocomposites. The effects of materials, dispersion processes and morphology on water uptake behavior of nanocomposites are investigated.
Demand for Cocaine and Food over Time

When reinterpreted, data from Ahmed and Koob [Ahmed, S.H., Koob, G.F., Transition from moderate to excessive drug intake: Change in hedonic set point. Science 1998; 282:298-301.] show that the reinforcing strength of cocaine, an inessential good, increases with experience. However, no such effect obtains with a homeostatically regulated good such as food. The present study evaluated whether this difference could serve to distinguish abused drugs from biologically necessary goods. In Experiment 1, five rats from Christensen, Silberberg, Hursh, Huntsberry and Riley [Christensen, C.J., Silberberg, A., Hursh, S.R., Huntsberry, M.E., Riley, A.L., Essential value of cocaine and food in rats: tests of the exponential model of demand. Psychopharmacology 2008;198(2):221-229.] earned cocaine under a Fixed-Ratio 3 schedule for 7 sessions. Thereafter, in a demand procedure identical to that in Christensen et al., demand was re-assessed by measuring consumption at Fixed Ratios between 3 and 560. In Experiment 2, five different rats from Christensen et al. had their food demand curves re-determined using an identical procedure as the first. When fit with the exponential model, the second determination of cocaine demand in Experiment 1 showed greater essential value than the first, indicating that strength increased with cocaine exposure. In Experiment 2, the re-determined food demand curves showed no change from their initial determination. These results show that the strength of cocaine, but not food, increases with increased experience. Measures of time-based changes in essential value may serve as a basis for distinguishing addictive from non-addictive reinforcers.
40Ar/39Ar dating of single muscovite grains in Jurassic siliciclastic rocks (San Cayetano Formation): Constraints on the paleoposition of western Cuba

The San Cayetano Formation of western Cuba is the thickest and most extensive subaerial exposure of Jurassic siliciclastic rocks between the southeastern United States and northern South America. Previous workers have speculated that siliciclastic rocks of the San Cayetano Formation were derived from one of the following sources: (1) Yucatan Peninsula, (2) Florida, and (3) northern South America. To address the problem of the provenance of the San Cayetano Formation and the Mesozoic position of western Cuba, we present the results of 40Ar/39Ar isotopic dates from 67 single detrital mica grains from four samples of the San Cayetano Formation. These mica grains have ages that fall within the age ranges of well-known Precambrian crustal-age provinces and Paleozoic orogenic belts in eastern North America and the Yucatan Peninsula. The lack of grains with ages in the 700–550 Ma range suggests that Pan African–Brasiliano orogenic belts that exist in northern South America, northwestern Africa, and beneath Florida did not contribute significant amounts of detritus to the San Cayetano basin. We propose that the Late Jurassic San Cayetano basin formed as a post-rift deltaic complex along the southeastern margin of the Yucatan Peninsula and was detached and transported to its present position in western Cuba in Paleogene time by the northeastward migration of the Caribbean arc.
Bosentan for increased pulmonary vascular resistance in a patient with single ventricle physiology and a bidirectional Glenn shunt.

We present a case of the successful use of bosentan for increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in a 10-year-old male who underwent late single ventricle surgical palliation for double-inlet left ventricle with pulmonary artery banding and a bidirectional Glenn shunt. The patient was treated with bosentan for 16 weeks, with decreases in mean pulmonary artery pressure from 23 to 16 mmHg on the right and from 31 to 21 mmHg on the left, and a decrease of the transpulmonary gradient by 7–8 mmHg. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing demonstrated an increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2) by 8% and peak work rate by 10%. Bosentan is a relatively new oral therapy option for increased PVR in patients with single ventricle physiology and bidirectional Glenn shunts.
Extending the Dynamic Range of the Ion Trap by Differential Mobility Filtration

A miniature, planar, differential ion mobility spectrometer (DMS) was interfaced to an LCQ classic ion trap to conduct selective ion filtration prior to mass analysis in order to extend the dynamic range of the trap. Space charge effects are known to limit the functional ion storage capacity of ion trap mass analyzers and this, in turn, can affect the quality of the mass spectral data generated. This problem is further exacerbated in the analysis of mixtures where the indiscriminate introduction of matrix ions results in premature trap saturation with non-targeted species, thereby reducing the number of parent ions that may be used to conduct MS/MS experiments for quantitation or other diagnostic studies. We show that conducting differential mobility-based separations prior to mass analysis allows the isolation of targeted analytes from electrosprayed mixtures preventing the indiscriminate introduction of matrix ions and premature trap saturation with analytically unrelated species. Coupling these two analytical techniques is shown to enhance the detection of a targeted drug metabolite from a biological matrix. In its capacity as a selective ion filter, the DMS can improve the analytical performance of analyzers such as quadrupole (3D or linear) and ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) ion traps that depend on ion accumulation.
Psychology, psychologists, and psychiatric epidemiology

The purpose of this paper is to inquire into what interests psychologists might have in epidemiological approaches to the study of psychopathology, what psychologists have contributed in the past, and what they might be expected to contribute in the future. This inquiry starts with a consideration of epidemiological findings and issues that should command the interests of psychologists: differences between treated rates and untreated rates of psychiatric disorders, relations of psychiatric disorders to gender and socioeconomic status, and problems of case identification and diagnosis. My own experience with these issues and problems is discussed. An argument is made that there are important needs for the expertise of psychologists in psychiatric epidemiology and compelling reasons for them to enter the field in greater numbers than they have in the past.
Stimulant Medication Use, Misuse, and Abuse in an Undergraduate and Graduate Student Sample

In this study, the authors investigated the characteristics of use, misuse, and abuse of stimulant medication (primarily methylphenidate and variants) among students at a northeastern US university. Researchers sent an invitation to take an Internet survey to student e-mail addresses and passed 150 paper surveys in undergraduate classes, analyzing 1,025 (975 electronically) returned surveys. Sixteen percent of respondents reported abusing or misusing stimulant medication. Ninety-six percent of respondents who specified a medication preferred to abuse or misuse Ritalin. Men and women reported similar use patterns. Most respondents who abused or misused stimulant medication swallowed pills; 40% used intranasally. Reasons for abusing or misusing stimulant medication included improving attention, partying, reducing hyperactivity, and improving grades. Consistent with previous studies, results suggest that abuse of stimulant medication is a concern on college campuses. The results point to various reasons for and methods of abusing and misusing stimulant medication that may direct future research, prevention, and intervention.
Kinetics of Growth Retardant and Hormone Interactions in Affecting Cucumber Hypocotyl Elongation

The capacities of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin A(3) (GA(3)) to counteract the inhibitory effects of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC), 2-isopropyl-4-dimethylamino-5-methylphenyl-1-piperidinecarboxylate methyl chloride (Amo-1618), and N,N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-995) on hypocotyl elongation in light-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were investigated. One mug of GA(3) applied to the shoot tip was sufficient to completely nullify the effect of 10 mug of Amo-1618 or 25 mug of B-995 applied simultaneously to the shoot tip, and 10 mug of GA(3) completely counteracted the effect of 10(-3)m CCC added to the root medium. One mug of IAA counteracted the effect of 10(-3)m CCC in the root medium, but IAA did not nullify the action of either Amo-1618 or B-995. Experiments were conducted using 2 growth retardants simultaneously, which indicated that Amo-1618 and CCC inhibit a common process, namely GA biosynthesis, essential to hypocotyl elongation. However, since the effect of CCC was overcome by applications of both GA and IAA, growth retardation resulting from treatment with CCC apparently is not due solely to inhibition of GA biosynthesis. B-995 did not interact additively with either Amo-1618 or CCC, which suggests that B-995 affects a process different from those affected by the other 2 retardants. Thus, while inhibition evoked by B-995 is reversible by applied GA, the action of B-995 does not appear to be inhibition of GA biosynthesis.
Malic and lactic dehydrogenase activities and ratios in regular and irregular echinoids (Echinodermata)

Abstract 1. 1. The activities and ratios of malic and lactic dehydrogenases were determined in Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske), Encope aberrans (Martens) Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck) and Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck). 2. 2. Malic dehydrogenase activities were 10 2 –10 3 greater than those of lactic dehydrogenase. 3. 3. The high ratios of malic to lactic dehydrogenase activities are similar to those reported in other marine invertebrates.
State coordinating agencies and academic innovation: a policy sector perspective

This paper explores how coordinating departments of higher education diffuse academic innovations. Both the type of change they favor and their dissemination strategies are linked to their political position in a legislatively-mandated policy sector.
Malakoplakia of the vagina diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

Malakoplakia is an uncommon chronic granulomatous process that most commonly affects the urinary tract, but it may rarely recur in the female genital tract. It appears to result from a defect in macrophage function resulting in an inability to destroy ingested bacteria. We describe the fine needle aspiration cytology of malakoplakia in an 84-yr-old woman presenting with a large pelvic mass involving the apex of the vagina. The patient's history was significant for cervical squamous cell carcinoma in the remote past. CT-guided needle aspiration yielded cellular smears with large numbers of isolated histiocytes, as well as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. The histiocytes had central nuclei and abundant granular cytoplasm containing target-shaped, laminated bodies (Michaelis-Gutmann bodies). These bodies were PAS positive and focally von Kossa positive. Large numbers of intracellular and extracellular bacteria were also seen on the smears. The characteristic cytologic findings obtained by needle aspiration were diagnostic of malakoplakia with a rare and unusual clinical presentation.
Experimental Study of Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Water in a Short Micro Duct at Turbulent Reynolds Number

The present study deals with experimental investigation of cooling of machining tools, by water flowing through a microduct at the tip of the tool. The microduct is of diameter of around 200μm and the flow takes place at turbulent Reynolds number. The outer wall temperature of microduct and the temperature of water at inlet and exit have been measured. The convective heat transfer coefficient is calculated at different wall temperatures and varying liquid mass flux. The experimental results shows that the average Nusselt numbers for the short micro-duct are higher than those predicted by conventional correlations for large diameter ducts. A correlation has been proposed to compute convective heat transfer during turbulent flow through a short microduct of a particular geometry for a range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The moderating effect of situational control of performance variance on the relationship between individual differences and performance

The present study investigated the existence of a moderating effect for situational control of performance variance on the relationship between individual differences and performance. An experimental simulation was conducted and validity coefficients were calculated. Results supported the presence of the predicted moderating effect. The implications of these data for validation research and testing programs are discussed.
DESSERT: DESign Space ExploRation Tool based on power and energy at System-Level

This paper proposes DESSERT (DESign Space ExploRation Tool at System-Level), a novel simulation-based tool for heterogeneous multi-core processor based platforms. This tool supports power/energy estimation, comprehensive architectural explorations and optimization of the given embedded applications for multi-core processor architectures. The development of DESSERT consists of three steps. First, we developed generic functional-level power models for different parts of the multi-core system to estimate power/energy, which are integrated into the system-level simulation environment. Second, we built a SystemC-based virtual platform prototype of the processor architecture to accurately extract the functional activities needed by the power model. Third, we designed a runtime task-dependencies management and optimization technique (work-load or dynamic slack reclamation) based on programming models that support both OpenMP and Pthread API for multi-core execution to consider both data-level and thread-level parallelism. The combination of above three steps leads to a novel Design Space Exploration (DSE) methodology. Power and energy estimates are validated against real board measurements. DESSERT power/energy estimation results provide less than 5% of error and offer reliable power/energy based DSE for the given applications.
Rat nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α2β2 channels: comparison of functional properties with α4β2 channels in Xenopus oocytes

Abstract Rat hippocampal interneurons express diverse subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), including α7- and non-α7-containing receptors. Although the major subtype of non-α7 nAChRs in the hippocampus is thought to be composed of α4β2 subunits, the molecular makeup of these non-α7 receptors is likely to be more complicated. Previously, we reported a high level of expression of the α2 nAChR subunit in individual rat hippocampal CA1 stratum oriens interneurons. In addition, the non-α7 nAChRs from these neurons are less sensitive to block by dihydro-β-erythroidine (DHβE; the broad spectrum non-α7 nAChR antagonist) than that expected for α4β2 receptors. We studied the functional properties of rat α2β2 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage-clamp, and compared these to those properties of the more widely expressed and studied α4β2 channels. Dose-response curves for both receptor subtypes indicated that there are at least two different affinity sites for ACh, the fractional contribution of which depended on the ratio of injected RNA. DHβE blocked both receptor subtypes, although the sensitivity to block of α4β2 channels was significantly higher than that for α2β2. Finally, the current-voltage (I–V) relationship for the α2β2 channels more strongly rectified than for the α4β2 channels. These data suggest that functional properties, in particular the sensitivity to block by DHβE, might be useful indicators to differentiate between native α4β2 and α2β2 channels. In addition, these data suggest that the relative balance between the high- and low-affinity components being determined by the relative levels of the α and β subunits might be a general property of the heteromeric non-α7 nAChRs. By comparing the properties of expressed nAChRs with those of the native channels, we might be able to learn what role α2-containing nAChRs may be playing in forming functional channels in the hippocampus.
Resource Allocation in a Public High School Athletic Department

(2003). Resource Allocation in a Public High School Athletic Department. Sport Management Review: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 75-99.
An epidemiological study of neurasthenia in Chinese-Americans in Los Angeles

This study examined the prevalence and clinical features of ICD-10-defined neurasthenia (NT) in Chinese-Americans and its relations to other psychiatric disorders. In this community epidemiological survey, the enhanced Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), with a supplemental NT module, was administered to 1,747 Chinese-Americans, selected with a stratified cluster sampling method. The SCL90-R was also used for measuring psychiatric morbidity and symptoms. Dimensions of social stress and social support were measured by established instruments. A total of 112 ICD-10 NT subjects (6.4%) were identified. Of these, 63 (56.3%) did not experience any current and lifetime DSM-III-R diagnoses, yielding a 12-month or lifetime prevalence rate of “pure” NT of 3.61%. This rate was much higher than any of the other psychiatric disorders in this sample. Compared with normal subjects, “pure” NT subjects had significantly higher SCL-90-R total and factor scores, experienced more psychosocial stress, and perceived less social support (P < .05 or .01). Compared with subjects with depression and anxiety disorders, “pure” NT cases reported significantly less SCL-90-R psychological symptoms (P < .05 or.01), but had a strikingly similar elevation in the somatization subscale score. These data suggest that NT is a distinctive clinical condition overlapping only partially with the other better recognized diagnostic entities. In view of its high prevalence and the salience of its impact on the health of those afflicted, it is imperative that concerted research efforts be made to further elucidate the temporal stability, natural course, and outcome of such a condition.
House Science Committee reorganizes

Following new House rules for the 103rd Congress that are designed to reduce the proliferation of subcommittees, the House Science, Space and Technology Committee has been reorganized. Its six subcommittees have been reduced to five. It retains its subcommittees on science, space, energy, and investigations and oversight. The Environment Subcommittee was eliminated, and most of its jurisdiction was taken over by the Technology and Competitiveness Subcommittee, which was renamed the Subcommittee on Technology, Environment, and Aviation.
Effects of ouabain on impaired left ventricular function during convalescence after acute myocardial infarction.

The effects of intravenous ouabain (0.015 mg/kg body weight) were assessed in 13 patients 3-5 weeks after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. The patients were not in clinical cardiac failure and were not having anginal pain. The mean ± sem of the values prior to (C) and 1 hour after ouabain (A) were: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), C 18.6 ± 1.5, A 10.2 ± 1.4; stroke index, C 35.8 ± 3.9, A 39.5 ± 4.8; left ventricular stroke work (LVSW), C 99.4 ± 15.8, A 120.3 ± 19.5; mean rate of LV ejection (MRE), C 237.3 ± 21.9, A 274.5 ± 28.9; peak LV dp/dt, C 1,614 ± 141, A 2,145 ± 230; preejection period corrected for heart rate (PEPc), C 135.8 ± 8.7, A 125.1 ± 9.2; left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate (LVETC), C 407.9 ± 10.3, A 389.5 ± 9.2. These changes were significant (P < 0.05 for paired determinations). There were no significant changes in cardiac index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and systemic resistance. The reductions of LVEDP, PEPc, and LVETc and increa...
Activation of the hippocampus in normal humans: a functional anatomical study of memory.

Abstract We studied regional cerebral blood flow using the H2(15)O method while normal subjects performed four similar tasks involving three-letter word beginnings (stems). Prior to each task, subjects studied a list of words. Local blood flow was then monitored during a 40-sec period while subjects (i) silently viewed word stems, (ii) completed stems to form the first words to come to mind, but the stems were not the beginnings of any study words (baseline), (iii) completed stems and half of them could form study words (priming), or (iv) tried to recall study words, and half of the stems could form these words (memory). There were three major findings. (i) The memory task engaged the right hippocampal region when the memory task was compared to either the baseline or the priming condition. The right hemispheric locus suggests that performance is driven by the visual characteristics of the words rather than by semantic or phonetic analysis. (ii) In the priming-minus-baseline comparison, there was reduction in blood flow in the right posterior cortex. (iii) Right prefrontal cortex was activated in the memory-minus-baseline condition. The results provide evidence for selective activation of the human hippocampal region in association with memory function. The results also lead to a suggestion about the neural basis of repetition priming: following presentation of a stimulus, less neural activity is required to process the same stimulus.
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors block proliferation of human gastric cancer cells.

Abstract Background . Olomoucine and roscovitine are novel compounds that are designed to inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases (e.g., Cdk2 and cdc2). Cdks regulate progression through key checkpoints of the cell cycle. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether olomoucine and roscovitine inhibit Cdk2 and cdc2 kinase activities of the human gastric cancer cell line SIIA and (2) whether olomoucine and roscovitine block cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Methods . SIIA cells were treated with olomoucine or roscovitine and examined for Cdk2 and cdc2 activities by using histone H1 as the substrate. Cell numbers were counted with a Coulter counter: Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by DNA flow cytometry. Results . Olomoucine and roscovitine completely blocked Cdk2 and cdc2 activities in SIIA cells. Both compounds were also able to inhibit proliferation of SIIA cells, as well as three other human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, MKN45-630, and SNU-1). Cell cycle analysis showed that treatment with olomoucine or roscovitine for 24 hours led to a decrease in the S phase population and an increase in the G2/M population. Conclusions . We have shown that Cdk inhibitors, olomoucine and roscovitine, are a new class of antineoplastic molecules with potential therapeutic benefits for gastric cancers.
Starch Noodle Quality as Related to Potato Genotypes

Starch noodles were prepared using potato starch from 8 genotypes, mung bean starch, mung bean-potato starch blends, and sweet potato starch. The cooking quality of noodles from selected potato starches compared well with commercial starch noodles. Of the unblended potato starches, Mainechip exhibited cooking quality similar to commercial starch noodles with respect to cooking loss, cooked weight, and firmness. Appearance and texture of starch noodles from three genotypes (E55-35, Mainechip, and Shasta) were evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Noodles made from unblended potato starches had higher glossiness and transparency than those from other starches. Noodles from both unblended and blended Mainechip starch had the highest firmness and elasticity.
Implicit and explicit computations of flows past cavities with and without yaw

Implicit and explicit computations are presented to study the supersonic, turbulent flows past three-dimensional, rectangular cavities at 0 and 45 deg yaw angle. The Reynolds-averaged, unsteady, compressible, complete Navier-Stokes equations are solved time-accurately, including the Reynolds stresses. The number of major vortices inside and the separation characteristics on the cavity floor are different for cavities with length-to-depth ratios of 3.0 and 6.7. Due to the oscillations of the shear layer, which randomly exposes the cavity flow to the external flow, vortices are shed into the mainstream. When the upstream flow approaches a cavity at yaw, the width-to-depth ratio also becomes an important parameter. The dominant rotational planes of the major vortices incline at an angle to the vertical plane due to yaw. The execution of the implicit scheme is about three times faster, but it requires about four times more computer memory.
On the Origin of Deuterium

The origin of deuterium has always been a problem for theories of stellar nucleosynthesis, A general solution is proposed and shown to be applicable under several astrophysical circumstances in the light of new observations of the Galactic abundance of deuterium.
A Methodology for Determining the Optimal Design of a Free Standing Abortion Clinic

In 1970, abortion on demand was legalized in several sections of the United States. Due to increased demand for abortions, free standing abortion clinics came into existence. This paper develops a methodology for determining the optimal design of a free standing abortion clinic, in order to maximize its profits. An example of a clinic which was actually designed employing the methodology is presented, and the results suggest that the methodology is relevant and useful.
A decision support system for color-coating line in steel industry

A color coating line (CCL) processes galvanized coils with color coats, it subjects to many constraints and multi-objective are pursued when scheduled. We describe the production background of the color coating line and introduce two scheduling problems, inventory coils oriented scheduling problem (ICOSP) and online coils oriented scheduling problem (OCOSP). Online coils are coils that will be processed on CCL and lie in finishing steel making area. A decision support system for the scheduling problem is described. The system aims to assist planners to make schedules for the problems. Steps of schedule generation are described. Necessary flexibility is fully taken in consideration and a schedule edit system (SES) which allows planners to edit schedule is presented. The comparisons between manual scheduling and decision support system are given. Numerical results indicate that the system leads to better schedule in limited computation time. The decision support system is currently in use in Baosteel Complex.
Behavior of molecular potential energy curves for large nuclear separations

We prove by elementary geometric methods and within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation that as the nuclei of a molecule are dissociated into spatially separated clusters, the discrete molecular energies approach sums of the energies of isolated subsystems. Our methods also show that the spectral projections associated with the discrete molecular spectrum asymptotically approach direct sums of suitable spectral projections for the isolated subsystems. These results apply to any system of particles interacting by asymptotically vanishing pair potentials. We prove that the 1/R expansion for discrete molecular potential curves is asymptotic as R ∞, and we discuss the behavior of the coefficients of the 1/R expansion for the ground state of H2+. Nous prouvons par des methodes geometriques elementaires et dans le cadre de l'approximation de Born–Oppenheimer, que quand les noyaux d'une molecule sont dissocies en amas separes dans l'espace, les energies moleculaires discretes tendent vers la somme des energies des sous-systemes isoles. Nos methodes montrent aussi que les projections spectrales associees au spectre moleculaire discret tendent asymptotiquement vers des sommes directes de projections spectrales convenables pour les sous-systemes isoles. Ces resultats s'appliquent a n'importe quel systeme de particules qui interagissent par des potentiels de paire s'annulant asymptotiquement. Nous prouvons que le developpement en 1/R pour des courbes de potentiel moleculaires discretes est asymptotique quand R ∞, et nous discutons le comportement des coefficients de ce developpement pour l'etat fondamental de H2+. Wir beweisen durch elementare geometrische Methoden und im Rahmen der Born–Oppenheimer-Naherung, dass, wenn die Kerne eines Molekuls in raumlich separierten Clusters dissoziiert werden, die diskreten Molekulenergien Summen der Energien der isolierten Untersysteme zustreben. Unsere Methoden zeigen auch, dass die mit dem diskreten Molekularspektrum assoziierten Spektralprojektionen asymptotisch direkten Summen von geeigneten Spektralprojektionen fur die isolierten Untersysteme zustreben. Diese Ergebnisse sind fur irgendein System von Teilchen gultig, die durch asymptotisch verschwindende Paarpotentiale wechselwirken. Wir beweisen, dass die Entwicklung in 1/R fur diskrete molekulare Potentialkurven wenn R ∞ asymptotisch ist, und wir diskutieren das Verhalten der Koeffizienten dieser Entwicklung fur den Grundzustand von H2+.
Structure and topography of the Siqueiros transform fault system: Evidence for the development of intra-transform spreading centers

The Siqueiros transform fault system, which offsets the East Pacific Rise between 8°20′N–8°30′N, has been mapped with the Sea MARC II sonar system and is found to consist of four intra-transform spreading centers and five strike-slip faults. The bathymetric and side-looking sonar data define the total width of the transform domain to be ≈20km. The transform domain includes prominent topographic features that are related to either seafloor spreading processes at the short spreading centers or shearing along the bounding faults. The spreading axes and the seafloor on the flanks of each small spreading center comprise morphological and structural features which suggest that the two western spreading centers are older than the eastern spreading centers. Structural data for the Clipperton, Orozco and Siqueiros transforms, indicate that the relative plate motion geometry of the Pacific-Cocos plate boundary has been stable for the past ≈1.5 Ma. Because the seafloor spreading fabric on the flanks of the western spreading centers is ≈500 000 years old and parallels the present EPR abyssal hill trend (350°) we conclude that a small change in plate motion was not the cause for intra-transform spreading center development in Siqueiros. We suggest that the impetus for the development of intra-transform spreading centers along the Siqueiros transform system was provided by the interaction of small melt anomalies in the mantle (SMAM) with deepseated, throughgoing lithospheric fractures within the shear zone. Initially, eruption sites may have been preferentially located along strike-slip faults and/or along cross-faults that eventually developed into pull-apart basins. Spreading centers C and D in the eastern portion of Siqueiros are in this initial pull-apart stage. Continued intrusion and volcanism along a short ridge within a pull-apart basin may lead to the formation of a stable, small intra-transform spreading center that creates a narrow swath of ridge-parallel structures within the transform domain. The morphology and structure of the axes and flanks of spreading centers A and B in the western and central portion of Siqueiros reflect this type of evolution and suggest that magmatism associated with these intra-transform spreading centers has been active for the past ≈0.5–1.0 Ma.
Procedure for bioassaying mosquito repellents in laboratory animals.

SummaryA laboratory method for measuring the number of mosquitoes that had bitten and the amount of blood ingested during exposure is described. The procedure was successfully used in testing mosquito repellents administered to living mice.
Evaluating the Intrinsic Cysteine Redox-Dependent States of the A-Chain of Human Insulin Using NMR Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemical Calculations, and Mass Spectrometry

Previous functional studies have proposed that solution-phase loading of human insulin A-chain peptides into cell surface Class II molecules may be limited by the redox state of intrinsic cysteine residues within the A-chain peptide. T cell functional studies of a human insulin A-chain analogue (KR A1−15) comprised of residues 1−15 of the A-chain peptide as well as an amino-terminal lysine-arginine extension have been carried out in a reducing environment. These data suggest that free thiol moieties within this peptide may participate in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II/peptide interactions. Two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy data partnered with quantum chemical calculations identified that KR A1−15 exists in conformational flux sampling heterogeneous redox-dependent conformations including: one reduced and two oxidized states. These findings were further supported by mass spectrometry analysis of this peptide that confirmed the presence of a redox state dependent conformational equilibrium. Int...
Interpretation of pH measurements in concentrated electrolyte solutions

Abstract The residual electrode potential between dilute pH buffers and 0.725 molal NaCl was estimated to be −3.2 mV. This result is consistent with the operational activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion in seawater.
Love and Anarchy in Romania: A Critical Review of Mircea Eliade’s Autobiography: Volume 1, 1907–1937

Eliade is a problem: to at least half of today’s historians of religion he embodies the discipline; to the other half he is anathema. I do not intend to review this debate here, nor to rehearse the themes of Eliade’s massive oeuvre. I will, however, point over my shoulder to the mixed legacy of theoretical debts and doubts Eliade’s work has inspired and try to bring them into relationship with the life-story Eliade tells in the Autobiography. This chapter, then, attempts to show how Eliade’s ‘life’ and ‘letters’ cohere and thus how in illuminating one we shed light on the other.
Bringing CS2013 recommendations for parallel and distributed computing into your CS curriculum

The ACM-IEEE CS2013 curricular recommendations include a dramatic growth in parallel and distributed computing (PDC) topics, in response to the necessary industry shift toward multicore computing, and to emerging technologies such as cloud computing. How can your institution integrate those recommendations into your undergraduate CS curriculum? In this special session, leaders in PDC education will succinctly present their curricular strategies in relation to CS2013 recommendations, while attendees carry out a workshop-style activity to identify opportunities and assemble resources for blending more PDC content into their own local CS curricula.
Carbonic anhydrase activity in molluscs

Abstract 1. 1. The activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in twenty-one species of molluscs has been determined using an improved pH-stat method. 2. 2. In general, gastropods have slightly higher CA activity than pelecypods, with the exception of the two species of Ostreidae examined, which have very high levels of CA especially in the blood. 3. 3. In oysters, CA is nearly tenfold higher in the blood than in the tissues, suggesting that its primary function may not be in shell formation. Other possible functions for CA are discussed. 4. 4. In Crassostrea virginica CA appears to be a large extracellular glycoprotein.