cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated chicken heterophil degranulation is serum cofactor and cell surface receptor dependent.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG motif (CpG-ODN) is immune stimulatory to chicken heterophils. Recognition of CpG-ODN by chicken heterophils leads to the mobilization and release of granules. This CpG-ODN-induced heterophil degranulation was chicken serum (CS)-dependent. Heat-denaturation and membrane filtration of CS revealed that the active serum cofactor(s) was likely a protein in nature with a molecule mass within 50,000 to 100,000. This serum cofactor(s) was heat-resistant at 56 °C for 1 h. The involvement of a cell surface receptor in recognition of CpG-ODN was also demonstrated by (1) trypsin treatment of the heterophils abrogated the degranulation response and (2) CpG-ODN-induced heterophil degranulation was sensitive to the inhibition of Clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In addition, among various microbial agonists, including CpG-ODN, lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, phorbol myristate acetate, and formalin-killed Salmonella enteritidis, CpG-ODN was the only agonist that displayed serum-dependent induction of degranulation in chicken heterophils. This is the first report that shows serum-dependent activation of leukocytes by CpG-ODN.
COMMENTS ON WYATT WELLS, "RHETORIC OF THE STANDARDS: THE DEBATE OVER GOLD AND SILVER IN THE 1890S"

Wyatt Wells redirects our attention to the“battle of the standards,”the central issue of the 1896 Bryan-McKinley campaign but with roots going back to the Civil War and Reconstruction. He contrasts opposing sides, labeled “goldbugs” and “silverites.” Often these labels identify Republicans on one side, Democrats and Populists on the other. Goldbugs concentrated in the Northeast, silverites in the South and West. Goldbugs included many bankers, merchants (especially in international trade), and bondholders, while silverites were often agrarians—not only farmers but rural businesspeople who shared the farmers’ ups and downs. And agrarians, both in where they lived and what they did, were still the majority of the American people during the decades in question. There were exceptions to all of these categorizations, but in general they identify the groups for which “goldbugs” and “silverites” are surrogate terms. The consistent policies and laws affecting money—from the Public Credit Act of 1869 to the 1893 repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act—effected “persistent deflation”
A brief account of the life of René Le Fort.

In 1901, Rene Le Fort conducted some of the most infamous experiments known to maxillofacial surgery. He was an interesting and highly accomplished man with experience in many fields of surgery. We continue to use much of his research today despite many advances in medicine, yet we know little about the man himself.The aim of this short paper is to introduce you to Rene Le Fort and to describe the highlights of his experiments, which gave rise to a system of classifying facial fractures.
Characteristics of patients less than 45 years of age Compared with older patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was not recognized as common among young patients until the study by Yater in 1948. Subsequent studies further elucidated the nature of the disease, which had become more apparent in the younger groups. Hypothesis: The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of risk factors and severity of coronary disease among young patients aged ≤45 years undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with older patients. Methods: In all, 11 2 young patients aged ≤45 years (Group 1) and 798 older patients aged > 45 years (Group 2) were analyzed for trends to hypertension, smoking, diabetes, family history of heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and history of previous myocardial infarction (MI The severity of disease was examined in terms of number of diseased vessels, vessel size, number of grafts performed, performance of endarterectomies, and left ventricular function. Results. Group 1 had a higher incidence of positive family history (68.5 vs. 51.2%, p <0.05 and lower incidences of hypertension (62.7 vs. 81.5%, p <0.05), obesity (42.9 vs. 83.9%, p<0.05), and history of previous MI (54.5 vs. 94.6%, p < 0.05). Group 2 had a higher incidence of left main disease (22.6 vs, 11.4%, p<0.05 ). The distribution of the affected vessels of the young patients was most commonly the left anterior descending (90.4%) followed by the right coronary (79.8%) and circumflex arteries (69.2% Group 2 had more grafts per patient (3.82 vs. 3.37, p<0.05 The size of the diseased vessels measured intraoperatively was similar (1.56 vs. 1.5 8 mm, p = NS) in both groups. Endarterectomy was performed almost three times more often in Group 1 patients (8.2 vs. 3.0%, p<0.05). Operative mortality was less in Group I mean (1.8 vs. 6.3%, p <0.05 Group 2 had a greater mean left ventricular ejection fraction (53.8 8 vs. 49.7%, p <0.05 ). Conclusion: Compared with the older population, patients ≤45 years of age who underwent CABG had (1) a higher incidence of positive family history of CAD, (2) a higher likelihood of requiring an endarterectomy, and (3) lower operative mortality rate despite a slightly poorer ventricular function.
D-brane dynamics in the c = 1 matrix model

Recent work has shown that unstable D-branes in two-dimensional string theory are represented by eigenvalues in a dual matrix model. We elaborate on this proposal by showing how to systematically include higher order effects in string perturbation theory. The full closed string state produced by a rolling open string tachyon corresponds to a sum of string amplitudes with any number of boundaries and closed string vertex operators. These contributions are easily extracted from the matrix model. As in the AdS-CFT correspondence, the sum of planar diagrams in the open string theory is directly related to the classical theory in the bulk; i.e., sphere diagrams. We also comment on the description of static D-branes in the matrix model, in terms of a solution representing a deformed Fermi sea.
User Charges for Port Cost Recovery: the US Harbour Maintenance Tax Controversy

The US incurs significant costs in order to maintain its ports and harbours. The harbour maintenance tax, introduced in 1986 under the Reagan-era overall initiative to cut back the average tax burden, has been controversial since its inception. Its imposition on US exports was declared illegal by the Supreme Court. A proposal by the Clinton administration to introduce a harbour services user fee did not gain the support of stakeholders and thus the earlier status quo continues today with the nation's trading partners protesting vehemently. The paper analyses recent US Army Corps of Engineers data on harbour maintenance expenses in the Port of New York and New Jersey and proposes a simple yet realistic user fee model, radically different from any previous proposal, that would comply with the US Supreme Court's constitutionality test while imposing a relatively minor burden on port users. In addition, using the US as an example, the paper contributes to the general discussion on infrastructure pricing and cost recovery through user charges and in this way it addresses, albeit on the fringe, broader public policy issues such as those of mandated taxes and private versus public interest.
Implementation of kernels on the Maestro processor

Currently, most microprocessors use multiple cores to increase performance while limiting power usage. Some processors use not just a few cores, but tens of cores or even 100 cores. One such many-core microprocessor is the Maestro processor, which is based on Tilera's TILE64 processor. The Maestro chip is a 49-core, general-purpose, radiation-hardened processor designed for space applications. The Maestro processor, unlike the TILE64, has a floating point unit (FPU) in each core for improved floating point performance. The Maestro processor runs at 342 MHz clock frequency. On the Maestro processor, we implemented several widely used kernels: matrix multiplication, vector add, FIR filter, and FFT. We measured and analyzed the performance of these kernels. The achieved performance was up to 5.7 GFLOPS, and the speedup compared to single tile was up to 49 using 49 tiles.
Preparation of immobilized soybean β‐amylase on porous cellulose beads and continuous maltose production

Immobilized soybean β-amylase was prepared by using porous cellulose beads. The expressed activity of the β-amylase–cellulose beads conjugated below 35 mesh was 59–69% of the initial activity and the protein content was 10–13%. General properties of the conjugate were almost identical with those of the native enzyme except for the Km value. The Km value of the conjugate was 40mM and the Km value of the native enzyme was 0.6mM. This large difference was probably caused by pore structure, i.e., a pore diffusion problem. The film diffusion problem occurred at the flow rate below a linear velocity of 3 cm/min. Maximum maltose contents of the hydrolyzates prepared by the conjugate and the native enzyme were 69 and 71%, respectively. After a continuous column operation at 50°C for 17 days, the activity of the column was 60% of the activity. The half-life of the column at 40°C was 40 days.
Construction of open shell perturbation theory invariant with respect to orbital degeneracy

Abstract A form of open shell perturbation theory that is invariant with respect to orbital degeneracy is proposed. This new methodology is based entirely on the spin-restricted formalism. Preliminary numerical results are presented and compared with other formulations of perturbation theory.
The neutron deficient iridium isotopes Ir182, Ir183 and Ir184

The new neutron-deficient iridium isotopes Ir/sup 182/, Ir/sup 183/ >s, and Ir/sup 184/ were produced by irradiations with the Berkeley heavyion linear accelerator. By means ot timed chemical separations, Nal scintillation spectrometers, and proportional counters, half lives were determined as follows: Ir/sup 182/ , 15 plus or minus 1 min; Ir/sup 183/ , 55 plus or minus 7 min; Ir/ sup 184/, 3.2 plus or minus 0.2 hr. The g amma spectra of l/sup 182/ and lr/ sup 184/ are very complex. each extendi ng above 4 Mev. Positon branches are also seen in both isotopes. Studies of the gamma spectra indicate that the energies of the first and second excited states of Os/sup 182/ are slightly higher than the corresponding states in Os/sup >84/. These data suggest that there is a maximum in the moment of inertia at Os/sup 184/ . (auth)
The world will end tomorrow

Abstract Ever since the invention of the steam engine and breech-loading artillery the potentialities of science have provided abundant material for writers of fiction. Even in their worst possible projections—when balloons, or flying machines, or submarines were expected to affect the conduct of warfare—the tales of the coming disaster did not contemplate the obliteration of great cities and the annihilation of entire populations. As Paul Brians shows, the past 40 years have seen an unprecedented outpouring of stories about the last great war on planet Earth. This new field in future fiction is dedicated to the possibility that there may not be much of a future for mankind.
Patterns of care and outcomes among elderly individuals with primary malignant astrocytoma.

Object This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between age at diagnosis, patterns of care, and outcome among elderly individuals with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, the authors identified 1753 individuals with primary GBM and 205 individuals with primary AA (diagnosed between June 1991 and December 1999) who were 66 years and older and whose records were linked to Medicare information. To facilitate gathering of prediagnosis comorbidity and postdiagnosis treatment information, only those individuals were included who had the same Medicare coverage for 6 months before and 12 months after diagnosis. The odds of undergoing various combinations of treatments and the associations with outcome were calculated by tumor type and age and adjusted by various predictors. Results Age was not associated with treatment differences in individuals with AA. Very elderly individuals (≥ 75 years old) with GBM...
Guilt About Being Born and Debt Concerning the Gift of Life

A very powerful form of preoedipal guilt stems from a sense of having damaged the life-giving parent with one's most basic needs. A related phenomenon is the child's sense that another subjectivity has deliberately chosen to give and sustain the child's life. This experience gives rise to a compelling mixture of awe, reverence, and obligation, a sense of guilt about being born, of debt concerning the gift of life. This sense of guilt and debt are part of every child's development. Depending on how conflicts surrounding them are negotiated, the child can come to feel either an appetite for living or a crushing sense of selfishness and unworthiness. Such forms of guilt and debt may lead not only to masochism generally, but to a particularly pernicious form of negative therapeutic reaction that can sabotage psychoanalytic work. A patient may feel, for instance, that a successful psychoanalysis is a selfish indulgence and an immoral betrayal of a sacred duty to rescue his or her parents from their misery. Guilt about being born and the sense of debt concerning the gift of life are linked to various developmental, psychodynamic, interpersonal, and cultural phenomena.
Phenolic anticyclooxygenase agents in antiinflammatory and analgesic therapy.

This report demonstrate that a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, MK 447, and phenol act similarly to inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner when the concentration of peroxide activators is decreased by glutathione peroxidase. Increasing the rate of peroxide removal with higher amounts of glutathione peroxidase increases the inhibitory potency of the phenolic agents. The results support ascribing a vital role to tissue peroxides in facilitating prostaglandin biosynthesis in vivo. They also resolve the paradoxical problem of predicting antiinflammatory activity when an agent appears to stimulate prostaglandin formation. A corollary concept is that tissues with general hyperalgesic conditions may have lower levels of hydroperoxide than are found in inflammatory conditions, and thus be more amenable to therapy with phenolic agents like MK 447.
Implications of the Mobile Web for Online-Offline Reputation Systems

Web users' primary access points are shifting from desktops and laptops to ubiquitous mobile devices. This leads to more diverse assessment data and will enable new forms of collective activity.
A planar, nearly ideal, SiC device edge termination

In this paper, a simple edge termination is described which can be used to achieve nearly ideal parallel plane breakdown voltage in silicon carbide devices. This novel termination, involves implantation of a neutral species on the edges of devices to form a high resistivity amorphous layer. With this termination, formed using argon implantation, the breakdown voltage of Schottky barrier diodes was measured to be very close to the ideal parallel plane breakdown voltage.
Large Data Sets, Conditional Entropy and the Cooper-Herskovitz Bayesian Score

We examine the relationship between the Cooper-Herskovitz score of a Bayesian network and the conditional entropies of the nodes of the networks conditioned on the probability distributions of their parents. We show that minimizing the conditional entropy of each node of the BNS conditioned on its set of parents amounts to maximization of the CH score. The main result is a lower bound on the size of the data set that ensures that the divergence of between conditional entropy and the Cooper-Herskovitz score is under a certain threshold.
Late open conversion and explantation of abdominal aortic stent grafts.

Objectives To evaluate indications for, operative strategy during, and outcomes following late open surgical conversion following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods Between 2002 and 2009, patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair at a university hospital were entered prospectively into a database which was examined to identify patients undergoing open conversion >30 days after EVAR. Results Over 7 years, 21 patients required late open conversion of EVAR. The average patient age was 75 years (range, 59-88), and there were 16 male (76%) patients. The mean interval to conversion was 33.4 months (range, 2-73). Eight patients (38%) presented with proximal type I endoleak; 4 patients (19%) presented with type II endoleak and aneurysm expansion; 5 patients (24%) presented with graft migration and aneurysm expansion; and 5 patients (24%) presented with de novo visceral aneurysms. Rupture (1) and infection (1) were also observed. There were five (24%) emergent cases. Most patients (12/21, 57%) had more than one reason for conversion. There were no perioperative deaths; three patients (14%) had major complications. Grafts requiring conversion were AneuRx (6; Medtronic AVE, Santa Rosa, Calif), Zenith (6; Cook Inc, Bloomington, Ind), Talent (3; Medtronic), Excluder (2; W. L. Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz), Anaconda (1; TERUMO Corp, Ann Arbor, Mich), Ancure (1; Guidant, Menlo Park, Calif), Quantum LP (1; Cordis Corp, Miami Lakes, Fla), and Powerlink (1; Endologix, Irvine, Calif). The surgical approach was retroperitoneal in 16 (76%) and transperitoneal in four (19%) patients. Initial proximal aortic control was supraceliac (9/21), suprarenal (7/21), or infrarenal (5/21), with stepwise distal clamping to reduce ischemic time. Complete endograft removal was performed in 17/21 patients; in 4/21 the distal anastomosis was performed to the endograft after proximal segment explantation. Reconstruction was completed with tube (19/21) or aortoiliac (2/21) grafts; in one case, homograft was used. Mean intraoperative blood loss was 1.9 L (range, 0.4-6.5 L), mean intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 3 days (range, 2-6), and the mean hospital stay was 10 days (range, 4-39). Conclusions While technically challenging, delayed open conversion of EVAR can be accomplished with low morbidity and mortality in both the elective and emergent settings. These results reinforce the justification for long-term surveillance of endografts following EVAR.
Device physics: A terahertz modulator

Tiny metal resonators can be used to create a material with tunable responses to an applied voltage. Combined with a semiconductor substrate, they can be used to control technologically promising terahertz radiation.
Tetrahedral mesh generation based on node insertion in crystal lattice arrangements and advancing-front-Delaunay triangulation

A method of unstructured technical mesh generation for general three-dimensional domains is presented. A conventional boundary representation is adopted as the basis for the description of solids with evolving geometry and topology. The geometry of the surfaces is represented either analytically or by piecewise polynominal interpolation. A preliminary surface mesh is generated by an advancing-front method, with the nodes inserted by hard-sphere packing in physical space in accordance with a prescribed mesh density. Interior nodes are inserted in a face-centered-cubic (FCC) crystal lattice arrangements coupled to octree spatial subdivision, with the local lattice parameter determined by a prespecified nodal density function. Prior to triangulation of the volume, the preliminary surface mesh is preprocessed by a combination of local transformations and subdivisions in order to guarantee that the surface triangulation be a subcomplex of the volume Delaunay triangulation. A joint Delaunay triangulation of the interior and boundary nodes which preserves the modified surface mesh is then constructed via an advancing-front approach. The resulting mesh is finally improved upon by the application of local transformations. The overall time complexity of the mesher is O(N log N). The robustness and versatility of the approach, as well as the good quality of the resulting meshes, is demostrated with the aid of selected examples.
The Predictability of Coups d'état: A Model with African Data*

This paper specifies and estimates a model of the structural determinants of coups d'etat for the new states of black Africa in the years from 1960 through 1975. Results indicate that (1) both social mobilization and the presence of a dominant ethnic group are destabilizing (these effects are additive); (2) multipartyism is destabilizing while electoral turnout in the last election before independence is stabilizing; (3) multipartyism is particularly destabilizing where a dominant ethnic group exists; (4) the presence of such a group reduces (but does not eliminate) the stabilizing effect of turnout; and (5) multipartyism has no pronounced effect on elite instability where turnout is high. Taken together, these patterns account for over four-fifths of the variance in coups d'etat in black Africa in the period.
Novel aspects of pulmonary mechanics in intensive care

This review of the mechanical properties of the respiratory system is related to ventilator practice. As virtually all modern ventilators display traces of airway pressure (Paw), volume (V) and flow (V ˙ ) the necessary information is immediately available with no additional effort. This review interprets the information contained in ventilator waveforms. The review concentrates on three aspects where measurements are most useful, namely: (i) the diagnosis and management of patients with injured lungs; (iii) patients with airways obstruction; and (iii) the assessment of respiratory motor output. We will outline the precision and accuracy of the derived variables, discuss their scientific basis and review how decisions based on these measurements improve patient outcomes. We give a personal perspective even if it means taking sides in debates on controversial issues.
Disease Risk Surface for Coxiella burnetii Seroprevalence in White‐Tailed Deer

Summary Coxiella burnetii is considered a re-emerging zoonosis in many countries. The bacterium is enzootic in livestock and wildlife in the United States, and environmental contamination is widespread. Despite the potential for exposure, the estimated prevalence of Q fever in humans and animals is not well elucidated, and reported human infections in the United States are relatively rare. Zoonotic transmission of the bacterium is usually associated with abortions in domestic ruminants, but other modes of transmission, such as contact with infected blood and/or milk during field dressing of infected wildlife, have not been thoroughly investigated. Studies of zoonotic pathogen transmission between animal reservoir hosts and humans are usually established in response to documented emergence or re-emergence of a zoonosis in a particular locale, and, as such, the prevalence of infection in wildlife is largely unknown for many zoonotic pathogens, including C. burnetii. The objective of this study was to create a disease risk surface for C. burnetii seroprevalence in wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in New York State. Blood samples were collected from hunter-harvested deer from across New York State in 2009 and 2010. The samples were processed and tested for the presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies via indirect microimmunofluorescence assays using phase II C. burnetii strain RSA439. Overall, 14.50% of the tested white-tailed deer were C. burnetii phase II seropositive. The dual Kernel density estimation method was used to create a smoothed disease risk surface, which revealed variation in seroprevalence ranging from 0% to 32.0%. Areas of higher seroprevalence were detected in four discrete areas of Central New York and in one additional area in the southwest corner of the northern part of the state. This suggests certain locales where humans may be at increased risk for exposure to the bacterium secondary to contact with potentially infected deer.
CHANGING PATTERNS OF GENE REGULATION IN THE EVOLUTION OF ARTHROPOD MORPHOLOGY

SYNOPSIS. What can the comparative study of gene expression patterns during development contribute to the study of phytogeny? I discuss the basic properties of gene networks that function in development, using information gleaned from developmental model systems. Using examples from the analysis of anteroposterior, dorsoventral and proximodistal axis formation, I outline how the gene networks that pattern these three axes of development are linked in evolution. Finally, I discuss the types of analyses necessary to further our understanding of how gene networks function in regulating the evolution of morphology
Rethinking Processor Design: Parameter Correlations

Computer architects rely heavily on simulation to explore increasingly complex design spaces. Keeping simulations within tractable limits forces architects to evaluate only subsets of design parameters, which must be carefully chosen to yield accurate reflections of the benefits and costs of a new architecture. As a first step in formulating a methodology to appropriately evaluate processor design parameters for simulation, we develop an approach based on statistical correlation analysis, which measures the interaction between processor parameters. The resulting parameter correlation matrix (PCM) allows architects to determine how parameters affect each other, which parameter variations introduce bottlenecks and where, and what tradeoffs can be made to maintain performance while optimizing power consumption. This approach can be used to constrain a simulation model, narrowing the design space for optimization. As an initial demonstration, we develop and evaluate a preliminary analytic model for the instruction fetch unit (IFU).
Behavior of Jointed Ductile Iron Pipelines

Experimental data on the axial, bending and torsional behavior of ductile cast iron pipes with rubber gasket joints is presented. Analytical expressions are provided which predict the resistance mechanisms and behavior of the joints. The bending mechanism is found to be quite different from the axial and torsional mechanism. By repeating the tests in a specially designed soil box, the effects of burial depths are determined. A joint stiffness matrix including axial, bending and torsional effects is provided. The slip behavior of the joint changes the stiffness values, however this occurence may be dealt with by using an appropriatte flag system. To minimize axial compressional stresses and interlocking bending stresses at the joint, a minor geometrical change in the joint needs to be made. Joints with larger lip lengths provide more flexibility when subjected to axial compression or joint bending rotations.
Predictors of Self-Reported Likelihood of Working with Older Adults

This study examined the self-reported likelihood of working with older adults in a future career among 237 college undergraduates at a midsized Midwestern university. Although aging anxiety was not significantly related to likelihood of working with older adults, those students who had a greater level of death anxiety were less likely than other students to report a future likelihood of working with older adults. In addition, quality relationships with unrelated older adults were positively correlated with likelihood of working with older adults. Recommendations for future research and ideas for attracting college students to gerontology as a career are discussed.
Levels of Evidence at the AAOS Meeting: Can Authors Rate Their Own Submissions, and Do Other Raters Agree?

Background: A hierarchy of levels of evidence is commonly used to categorize the methodology of scientific studies in order to assist in their critical analysis. Organizers of large scientific meetings are faced with the problem of whether and how to assign levels of evidence to studies that are presented. The present study was performed to investigate two hypotheses: (1) that session moderators and others can consistently assign a level of evidence to papers presented at national meetings, and (2) that there is no difference between the level of evidence provided by the author of a paper and the level of evidence assigned by independent third parties (e.g., members of the Program Committee). Methods: A subset of papers accepted for presentation at the 2007 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Annual Meeting was used to evaluate differences in the levels of evidence assigned by the authors, volunteer graders who had access to only the abstract, and session moderators who had access to the full paper. The approved AAOS levels of evidence were used. Statistical tests of interrater correlation were done to compare the various raters to each other, with significance appropriately adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: Interrater agreement was better than chance for most comparisons between different graders; however, the level of agreement ranged from slight to moderate (kappa = 0.16 to 0.46), a finding confirmed by agreement coefficient statistics. In general, raters had difficulty in agreeing whether a study comprised Level-I or Level-II evidence and authors graded the level of evidence of their own work more favorably than did others who graded the abstract. Conclusions: When abstracts submitted to the AAOS Annual Meeting were rated, there was substantial inconsistency in the assignments of the level of evidence to a given study by different observers and there was some evidence that authors may not rate their own work the same as independent reviewers. This has important implications for the use of levels of evidence in scientific meetings.
A system engineering methodology for predicting scalability of very large real-time databases

Designing scalable systems to support real-time access of large databases requires extraordinary methods for accurate performance analysis and for evaluating implementation alternatives. The paper describes a system engineering methodology which has been used at Harris to model and demonstrate such a system. The methodology consists of simulation results that are iteratively applied with a physical benchmark configuration of subset functionality until identical results are achieved. The simulation model is then scaled to represent the desired database configuration. Execution of the upscale model produces reliable results when tuned with performance data extracted from the iterative process described above. This methodology represents a thorough and believable approach to deriving key performance parameters on large systems for which there are no reliable data.
Thermal cycling study of SiC BGJFETs

A thermal cycling study of 6H-SiC buried gate JFETs (BGJFETs) was conducted. These n-channel depletion mode (normally on) BGJFETs employed a buried p-n junction as the gate and mesa-epitaxial structures with 6H-SiC(0001) substrates and p- and n-epilayers. The gate contact metal, Ni-Al, was ohmic to the buried gate layer. A large number of devices (more than one hundred) were tested to study the trend of the device behavior at high temperatures. After constant temperature tests, thermal-cycling was done on the good devices.
Investigating Transferability of National Household Travel Survey Data

Traditionally, metropolitan planning organizations are required to have their models calibrated on a continuing basis using new data. However, new survey data required to support these models do not exist in most urban areas. That makes it difficult to calibrate existing models or develop new travel demand models using emerging modeling techniques. As a result, the need to assess potential approaches and develop knowledge on how to transfer information collected in one context and use it in another context is becoming critical. This paper presents the process of developing a model that can facilitate household travel data transferability, which can reduce or eliminate the need for large data collection in the application context. Household records from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey are clustered into several homogeneous groups representing various types of households and their lifestyles. The clustering model is based on several variables that are easily obtainable from available sources. In addition to household characteristics, the variables of land use, built environment, and transportation system characteristics are included in the analysis. Various statistical measures of travel behavior are estimated for each cluster. By using an artificial neural network model, cluster membership rules and travel statistics are transferred to other geographic areas for the purpose of comparison and validation of the transferability method.
Expression of AP-1 family transcription factors in the amygdala during conditioned taste aversion learning: role for Fra-2.

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning occurs after the pairing of a novel taste with a toxin (e.g. sucrose with LiCl). The immediate-early gene c-Fos is necessary for CTA learning, but c-Fos alone cannot be sufficient for consolidation. The expression of other AP-1 proteins from the Fos- and Jun-families may also be required shortly after conditioning for CTA consolidation. To screen for the expression of AP-1 transcription factors within small subregions, RT-PCR analysis was used after laser capture microdissection of the amygdala. Rats were infused intraorally with 5% sucrose (6ml/6min) or injected with LiCl (12ml/kg, 0.15M, i.p.) or given sucrose paired with LiCl (sucrose/LiCl), or not treated; 1 h later their brains were dissected. The lateral (LA), basolateral (BLA), and central (CeA) subnuclei of the amgydala of single 5 μm sections from individual rats were dissected using the Arcturus PixCell II system. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed the consistent presence of c-Fos, Fra-2, c-Jun, and JunD in the amygdala. In situ hybridization confirmed that c-Fos and Fra-2 mRNA expression was increased in the CeA after LiCl and sucrose/LiCl treatment. Immunohistochemistry for Fra-2 revealed high baseline levels of Fra-2 protein in the BLA and CeA, but also an increase in Fra-2 in the BLA and CeA after LiCl and sucrose/LiCl treatment. The similarity of response in LiCl and sucrose/LiCl treated groups might reflect activation by LiCl in both groups. To control for the effects of LiCl, rats were tested in a learned safety experiment. Fra-2 and c-Fos were examined in response to sucrose/LiCl in rats with prior familiarity with sucrose compared to rats without prior exposure to sucrose. The familiar (pre-exposure) group showed a significantly decreased number of Fra-2-positive cells compared with the novel group in the BLA, but not in the CeA. Because pre-exposure to sucrose attenuates CTA learning, a decreased cellular response in pre-exposed rats suggests a specific correlation with CTA learning. Changes in Fra-2 and c-Fos expression in the BLA and CeA at the time of conditioning, together with constitutive expression of c-Jun and JunD, may contribute to CTA learning.
Psychosocial and Psychiatric Sequelae of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Disability Disorders

As recently noted by Dewa, Corbiere, Durand, and Hensel (2013), there have been many studies revealing a close association between musculoskeletal disorders and mental health disorders. For example, Buist-Bouwman, de Graaf, Vollebergh, and Ormel (2005) reported that workers with chronic physical disorders, such as chronic back problems, were significantly more likely to have a mood or anxiety disorder. In addition, Franche et al. (2009), in following a group of Canadian workers who had an occupational-related musculoskeletal disorder, noted that about 43 % of these workers had much higher levels of depressive symptoms that persisted among 27 % of these workers 6 months later. As Dewa et al. (2013) note:
Characterizing subsequent primary melanomas (SPM) in adolescents and young adults: A population-based study from 1973 to 2011.

Author(s): Fu, Teresa; Swetter, Susan M; Tao, Li; Geller, Alan C; Clarke, Christina A; Keegan, Theresa HM
Stay-at-Home Fathering as a Feminist Opportunity: Perpetuating, Resisting, and Transforming Gender Relations of Caring and Earning

ABSTRACTThis study explains and critiques how discourse and related practices of stay-at-home fathering perpetuate, resist and/or potentially undo hegemonic gender relations of work and family. Changes in everyday micro-discourses of fathering can contribute to a feminist politics of macrostructural transformations in gender relations. First, masculinity in relation to historic cultural scripts of fathering is explored. Second, data collection and discourse analysis procedures employed in this study are described. Next, an analysis is presented of the various ways 45 at-home fathers’ use discourse to position themselves and their domestic labors in relation to hegemonic masculinity. Finally, three critical reflections are offered along with steps for future research and activism.
Growing Potato Profitably for Organic Dry Matter Production in Western Nebraska

Growing potato conventionally for dehydration is not economically feasible. The key cost would be seed under organic farming. The objective is to identify seed-piece sizes and spacings producing a profitable return for potato dehydration in western Nebraska. Atlantic potatoes were grown under dryland conditions using organic practices. Rain was 205, 270, and 360 mm in 2013, 2014, and 2015. Seed-pieces were hand-cut into five weights from 42.5 to 85.0 g and planted in five spacings from 15.2 to 45.7 cm. Seeding rates were 1.02 to 6.1 Mg/ha. Yield was highest at the spacing of 15.2 cm (16.1 Mg/ha) and decreased to 12.4 Mg/ha when seed-pieces were planted at 38.1 and 45.7 cm apart. Seed-piece size had little effect except that yield was lowest with 42.5 g pieces at 13.2 Mg/ha and increased to 14.2 Mg/ha with 63.8 g and larger. Specific gravity decreased slightly when pieces were spaced 30.5 cm (1.092) compared to 15.2 cm (1.094). Seed size had no effect. The size and spacing combinations with the highest yield were not found to be economical due to higher seed cost. Planting seed-pieces weighing 56.7 g, and planted 38.1 and 45.7 cm apart in 91 cm rows were economically feasible for dry matter production. The net returns, taking into account seed cost, transportation, and operations, for this combination was $326/ha, greater than for dryland winter wheat and millet. This study showed that western Nebraska would be a good location to grow dryland potatoes for organic dry matter production.
Ultrasonically induced microtransport

Fluid motion induced by traveling flexural waves in 4 mu m thick membranes was observed using 2.5 mu m diameter polystyrene spheres in water to make the fluid motion visible. Visual observation of the spheres indicates that they move in the direction of wave propagation with a speed proportional to the square of the acoustic amplitude. The maximum speed is 130 mu m/s for an RF drive voltage of 7.1 Vrms at 3.5 MHz; the wavelength is 100 mu m. Standing Lamb waves, which can be seen visually with a phase-contrast microscope, are found to trap particles, including bacteria located in a drop of water that contacts the membrane. A first order model of Lamb-wave micropumping is presented, based on acoustic streaming theory. Important parameters for device design and operation are discussed, along with options for integrating the device into microflow systems. Possible applications include temperature redistribution in ICs and miniature chemical processing systems. >
Active and passive arching stresses in c′-ϕ′ soils: A sensitivity study using computational limit analysis

Vertical soil arching, commonly known as the “trapdoor mechanism,” is a pervasive phenomenon in various geotechnical applications that can be evaluated through a variety of analytical and numerical approaches, most of which exist due to a variety of proposed arching mechanisms, many of which are focused on either purely frictional or cohesive soils. This study investigates the realized arching mechanisms and associated loads for trapdoors under both active and passive arching conditions in c′-ϕ′ soils through a series of dimensionless charts using both upper and lower bound limit analyses. An associated sensitivity analysis demonstrates that arching loads are highly dependent on collapse mechanism, a function of not only geometry, but soil shear strength, with cohesion affecting the realized mechanism and arching loads.
MYNXGRIP VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICE IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE FOR HEMOSTASIS OF PERCUTANEOUS TRANSFEMORAL VENOUS ACCESS CLOSURE

Vascular closure devices for arterial access reduce the time to hemostasis, allowing for earlier ambulation. There is limited data for the ability to achieve rapid and reliable venous hemostasis using closure device. This was a multicenter prospective study of 206 patients undergoing diagnostic or
A Superionic Conductive, Electrochemically Stable Dual-Salt Polymer Electrolyte

Summary A phase diagram-guided rational design was introduced to fabricate polymer composite electrolyte, avoiding Edisonian investigations in searching for a polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity. The free-standing, flexible, dual-salt-based polymer electrolyte films with superionic conductivity (1.0 mS/cm) at 30°C have been demonstrated. The synergistic effect of salts gave the dual-salt polymer electrolyte outstanding electrochemical stability with a wide electrochemical window of 0–4.5 V (versus Li/Li+). The lithium stripping/plating experiments indicated that the polymer electrolyte could be safely cycled under current density from 0.05 to 0.5 mA/cm2. The dual-salt polymer electrolyte-based cells exhibited excellent average coulombic efficiency of ∼99.99% in the first 370 cycles. The initial capacity at 30°C is 138 mAh/g (0.2 C), which is close to the value achieved by liquid-electrolyte-based cells under similar condition. The capacity retention is 86% after 370 cycles, indicating the long-term stability of the polymer electrolyte.
Solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles prepared with natural biomaterials: A new platform for oral delivery of lipophilic bioactives

Abstract In this study, an innovative oral delivery system, solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (SLPN), was prepared from all-natural biomaterials without use of synthetic surfactants, toxic chemicals, or organic solvents. SLPN were comprised of three components, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as the inner core, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dextran (BD) conjugate obtained through Maillard reaction as natural emulsifier anchored on the surface of SLN, and pectin as the secondary polymeric coating. Six types of solid lipids, including two glycerides and four saturated fatty acids, were comprehensively tested for their applicability to prepare SLN core and their compatibility with polymeric shells to form SLPN. SLPN prepared with glycerides exhibited superior colloidal properties, including smaller particle size, narrower size distribution, and better stability under simulated gastrointestinal fluids, compared to those prepared with fatty acids. Hydrophobic interactions were the driving force to form SLPN with BD conjugate, while pectin coating afforded greater surface hydrophilicity responsible for exceptional colloidal stability under gastrointestinal conditions. SLPN demonstrated high encapsulation efficiency and controlled release of curcumin, with glycerides as lipid core being more desirable than those prepared with fatty acids. Fluorescence microscope images revealed that encapsulation in SLPN significantly facilitated cellular uptake of curcumin by Caco-2 cells without any cytotoxicity. Collectively, this study provides a promising strategy to develop safe and effective oral delivery platform for lipophilic bioactives, which may open new avenues in functional foods.
The Simulation Model and Metamodel

In this chapter, we investigate the various relationships among the variables involved in a simulation experiment: those of the real-world system under study, of the simulation model, and of the simulation metamodel. These relationships are expressed as input/output transformations and the simulation metamodel is defined within this context.
Determining the Anatomic Position and Histological Effects in Murine Tumors of Gloxy an Oxygen-Sensitive Paramagnetic Material

Oxygen is an important component in tumors that influences the response to radiation therapy and certain forms of chemotherapy. Extensive work has demonstrated that the pO2 in human tumors cannot be predicted based on size, histological grade or type but must be meas-ured (1). Recent studies have confirmed that tumor pO2 correlates with the outcome of radia-tion therapy (2–4). One obvious treatment where individualization of treatment could be of value is during courses of radiation therapy. It has been postulated that fractionated radiation is successful because the tissue reoxygenates after initial doses of radiation and initially hy- poxic regions of tumors become more oxygenated and therefore respond better to subsequent doses. Different tumor types and different individual tumors reoxygenate at different times and to different extents. Accurate assessments of tumor pO2 that reflect the physiological status of the whole tumor could result in better treatments for solid tumors.
Effect and Control of Insects, Molds and Rodents Affecting Corn Quality

Abstract Stored corn provides an excellent environment for the invasion and development of insect, rodent, and fungal pests. Left unchecked, these pests can reproduce into damaging populations that adversely affect the market value of corn. Previously, grain managers had several tools available to control or manage these storage pests. However, some of these tools are no longer available for use by regulatory agencies. Unfortunately, because of the limited quantities of chemicals consumed and the proximity of time-of-application to time-of-consumer-use, the number of new chemical control strategies available in the future will be severely limited. Additionally, the limited number of control strategies currently available has increased the incidences of pesticide resistance, reducing control effectiveness of current chemicals, and necessitates management plans containing strategies with multiple modes of action. To plan control strategies to obtain maximum effectiveness, grain managers will have to be aggressive in monitoring pest populations so that the timing of control strategies is appropriate. Sanitation, removal of fines, gentleness of handling, and aeration strategies will become even more critical. No longer will one control strategy work for all pests and storage situations. As new traits are bred into corn to satisfy the growing food and feed markets, pest managers will need to be conscious of the fact that these factors may influence storability characteristics, including resistance to insect and fungal infestation and the rate at which pest populations grow. Sampling for pests will be even more important as we learn to manage these new varieties. Stored-product entomologists are working with agricultural engineers, plant pathologists, mycotoxin specialist, and economists to provide solutions that are economically feasible yet work together to maintain the intrinsic characteristics of the commodity, not diminish the quality of the grain, and provide a safe raw ingredient for food and feed processors.
A Revisit to Supercapacitor Capacitance Measurement Method 1A of IEC 62391-1

This paper revisits the supercapacitor capacitance characterization method 1A of the IEC standard 62391-1. For comparison, an alternative method using the total charge stored in the supercapacitor is proposed. These two methods are applied to three supercapacitor samples with different rated capacitances from different manufacturers at different terminal voltages. Results show that the capacitance determined using the IEC method decreases when the discharge current increases. Besides, the capacitance measured using the IEC method is lower than that estimated using the total charge method. These observations are explained by analyzing a five-branch $RC$ ladder circuit model capturing the porous electrode structure and the charge redistribution process of supercapacitors.