cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-frame and lateral bracing influence on curved steel bridge free vibration response

Abstract Accurately quantifying the free vibration response of curved steel bridges has been a topic of interest for researchers and practitioners. This study examines the response of an experimental, single-span, noncomposite, curved I-girder bridge superstructure during free vibration. Finite element models of the experimental bridge system, which was tested for the FHWA Curved Steel Bridge Research Project (CSBRP), were constructed and calibrated against experimental data from dynamic investigations of the bridge by the Virginia Transportation Research Center (VTRC). Parametric studies of the experimental curved bridge system were conducted using these finite element models to investigate the effects of cross-frame and lateral bracing parameters on the structure’s free vibration response.
Enforcement costs and the incentive to evade controls on production

Economists have long favored emission taxes as a method of controlling pollution. One reason for the widespread support of emission taxes has been the assumption that emission taxes would be easier to enforce than other policies. However, recent developments in the discussion of pollution control allow more specific comparisons of enforcement costs and yield the conclusion that there may exist at least one alternate regulatory scheme that would be easier to enforce than emission taxes.
Delayed repeat enemas are safe and cost-effective in the management of pediatric intussusception.

Abstract Background/purpose The purpose of the study is to compare outcomes between delayed repeat enema (DRE) and immediate surgery (IS) in children with ileocolic intussusception who fail initial enema reduction. Methods Retrospective cohort study of children Results 4980 of 6889 (72.3%) children with intussusception were discharged without operation following a single successful enema. 1407 of 1909 (73.7%) remaining patients underwent IS while 502 (26.3%) had a DRE. Bowel resection was required in 372 of 1407 (26.4%) patients in IS group compared to 59 of 502 (11.8%) in the DRE group (p Conclusion Delayed repeat enemas for ileocolic intussusception increase the success of nonoperative reduction, decrease the rate of bowel resection and reduce mean hospital length of stay and costs.
What is the Prognosis of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients 55 Years and Younger

Background Revision THAs are expected to increase; however, few studies have characterized the prognosis of revision THAs in younger patients.
Latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes: A comparison of ampicillin with and without sulbactam

Objective: To compare ampicillin with and without sulbactam with respect to the effect on the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Methods: Patients with PROM at 25–35 weeks' gestation were offered participation in a randomized blinded trial comparing ampicillin-sulbactam with ampicillin. Evaluations for cervical pathogens were performed on admission and patients were followed-up with daily maternal and fetal evaluation. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed using indicated techniques. Results: Fifty-three women were studied, with 25 receiving ampicillin-sulbactam and 28 receiving ampicillin. The ampicillin-sulbactam group had a significantly longer latency period (433 ± 625 versus 143 ± 165 hours, P = .03) and significantly fewer neonatal complications (five versus 20, P Conclusion: In our population with preterm PROM, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that provides anaerobic coverage appears to extend latency and decrease neonatal morbidity without increasing adverse maternal outcome.
Como minimizar a lesão pulmonar no prematuro extremo: propostas

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisao das principais causas da nova displasia broncopulmonar e as estrategias utilizadas para diminuir sua incidencia nos prematuros extremos. FONTES DOS DADOS: Para essa revisao, pesquisas foram feitas na MEDLINE (1996 a outubro de 2004), no Cochrane Database, em resumos da Society for Pediatric Research e recentes conferencias sobre o tema. SINTESE DOS DADOS: A tecnologia e os novos conhecimentos cientificos tem aumentado significantemente a sobrevida de prematuros extremos. Esse aumento da sobrevida resultou em aumento da incidencia de displasia broncopulmonar. Atualmente, a displasia broncopulmonar e mais frequentemente observada em recem-nascidos < 1.200 g. As caracteristicas da displasia broncopulmonar nesses prematuros extremos, atualmente chamada de "nova" displasia broncopulmonar, sao bastante diferentes da classica descrita por Northway. A nova displasia broncopulmonar tem etiologia multifatorial, como volutrauma, atelectrauma, toxicidade ao oxigenio e reacao inflamatoria. Terapias como corticosteroide pre-natal, surfactante exogeno, pressao aerea positiva continua nasal, novos tipos de ventilacao mecânica e uma ventilacao mais gentil tem sido usadas para tentar diminuir a gravidade da lesao pulmonar. CONCLUSOES: Para prevenir a lesao pulmonar em prematuros extremos, e necessario minimizar os varios fatores que desencadeiam a displasia broncopulmonar e utilizar estrategias terapeuticas menos agressivas. O melhor conhecimento desses fatores de risco da displasia broncopulmonar podera gerar novas terapeuticas, que, conjuntamente com o tratamento utilizado atualmente para minimizar a lesao pulmonar, serao fundamentais para uma melhor evolucao clinica desses prematuros extremos.
Some Professional and Personal Notes on Research Methods, Systems Theory, and Grounded Action

Academic social scientists and professional practitioners could increase the effectiveness of their undertakings to advance positive change toward solving social and organizational problems by more effectively combining their efforts. Historically, both realms have used reductionist techniques and methodologies that are unsuited for understanding and solving problems in social and organizational systems. Their efforts could be significantly enhanced by using a grounded theory/grounded action approach. Grounded theory/grounded action is designed to generate explanations directly from data that provide a theoretical foothold for effecting optimal and sustainable change in social and organizational systems.
Structure of the macronuclear polyubiquitin gene in Euplotes.

The hypotrichous ciliate, Euplotes eurystomus, contains both a transcriptionally inactive micronucleus (MIC) and a transcriptionally active macronucleus (MAC) in the same cell. MAC DNA is small (0.5–20 kb), linear and highly amplified. Each DNA fragment consists of two telomeres, a single coding region, and the necessary control elements to regulate gene transcription and replication. The polyubiquitin gene consists of 898 bp, plus 28 bp of double-stranded and 14 bases of single-stranded DNA of the telomeric repeat G4T4 at each end. The coding region exists as three copies of the ubiquitin gene (690 bp) fused in a head-to-tail arrangement as in other organisms. The stop codon is TAA, as in other Euplotes genes, and is not the rare glutamine codon used in most other ciliates. The 3′ nontranslated region contains two presumptive poly(A) addition sites; the 5′ nontranslated region possesses two putative TATA boxes, several imperfect direct and inverted repeats, and a possible origin of replication. Nucleosome positioning studies reveal four tightly packed nucleosomes and a non-nucleosomal area containing the probable 5′ control region as well as part of the coding region. The 5′ area does not contain any DNAse I hypersensitive sites. Although the telomeres are protected from exonuclease digestion, they are not as well protected as Oxytricha telomeres against endonucleases and cleavage by methidium propyl Fe+ EDTA.
Electrical Resistivities of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline TiB2

The electrical resistivity of monocrystalline and polycrystalline TiB/sub 2/ was measured under an inert atmosphere by a four-point ac impedance technique over the range 298 to 1373 K. The results are expressed in the form /rho/ - /rho//sub 298/ = m(T - 298). The following values of /rho//sub 298/ (..mu cap omega..Xcm) and m(/eta/..cap omega..XcmXK/sup -1/) were determined: for polycrystalline TiB/sub 2/ (69% dense) 18.2 and 95; for polycrystalline TiB/sub 2/ (99% dense) 7.4 and 42; and for monocrystalline TiB/sub 2/ 6.6 and 34.9.
Pancreatic lipase/colipase-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis is required for cholesterol transport from lipid emulsions to intestinal cells.

This study tested the hypothesis that dietary cholesterol uptake by intestinal cells is dependent on the structure and composition of the lipid carriers in the extracellular milieu. In in vivo experiments with female C57BL/6 mice, cholesterol absorption from phospholipid/triacylglycerol emulsions was significantly reduced by administration of tetrahydrolipstatin, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. This inhibitor had no effect on the absorption of cholesterol from phospholipid vesicles. The importance of pancreatic-lipase-mediated triacylglycerol hydrolysis for cholesterol transport from emulsions to intestinal cells was confirmed by in vitro experiments with rat IEC-6 intestinal cells. Cellular uptake of cholesterol from emulsions with a phospholipid/triacylglycerol molar ratio of 0.3. Phospholipase A2-mediated hydrolysis of the surface phospholipids was necessary prior to triacylglycerol hydrolysis in these phospholipid-rich emulsions and to the stimulation of cholesterol transport from these particles to IEC-6 cells. The data also revealed that minimal triacylglycerol hydrolysis was sufficient to significantly increase cholesterol transport from lipid emulsions to the intestinal cells. Thus the products of triacylglycerol hydrolysis, namely monoacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acids, are key determinants in mediating cholesterol transport from lipid emulsions to intestinal cells. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that remodelling of the surface and core components of lipid carriers is necessary prior to absorption of dietary cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract.
Report details climate change effects on cultural sites

A new report from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific,and Cultural Organization) details how 26 World Heritage sites could be affected by coming climate changes. The 26 examples, which are meant to be representative of therange of threats to the 830 sites inscribed in the World Heritage List, are divided into five types: archaeological sites, glaciers, historiccities and settlements, marine biodiversity,and terrestrial biodiversity. Some of the examples include the Great Barrier Reef, which is expected to experience more frequent episodes of coral bleaching; Timbuktuin Mali, threatened by desertification; and the Chavin Archaeological Site in the Peruvian Central Andes, one of the earliest and best-known pre-Columbian sites, which flooding. The report, “Case Studies on ClimateChange and World Heritage,” is availableat http://whc.unesco.org/documents/publLclimatechange.pdf
Clusters containing carbene ligands—VI. The synthesis of higher nuclearity metal carbene cluster complexes by carbene ligand transfer. The synthesis and structures of [Ru4(CO)10{C(Ph)NMe2}(μ4-S)2] and [Ru4(CO)10{C(Ph)NMe2}(μ4-S)(μ5-S){W(CO)5}]

Abstract UV irradiation of a solution of [Ru4(CO)11(μ4-S)2] (1) and [W(CO)5{C(Ph)NMe2}] yielded the two new higher nuclearity carbene-containing cluster complexes [Ru4(CO)10{C(Ph)NMe2}(μ4-S)2] (2) 20%, and [Ru4(CO)10{C(Ph)NMe2}(μ4-S)(μ5-S){W(CO)5}] (3) 1%, by transfer of the carbene ligand from the tungsten complex to a ruthenium atom of the cluster. Compound 3 was obtained in 50% yield by UV irradiation of solutions of 2 and W(CO)6. Compounds 2 and 3 were both characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data for 1: Ru4S2O10NC19H11, M = 881.7, P21/n, (No. 14), a = 11.847(1), b = 11.773(2), c = 19.310(2) A, β = 104.685(8)°, V = 2597(1) A3, Dc = 2.26 g cm−3, Z = 4, λ(Mo-Kα) = 0.71069 A (graphite monochromator), μ = 24.3 cm−1. Methods: MITHRIL, difference Fourier, full-matrix least-squares. Refinement of 3383 reflections (F2 ⩾ 3σ(F2)), (1 ⩽ 2θ ⩽ 47°), gave R and Rw values of 0.032 and 0.043. Data/parameters ratio = 10.4, highest peak in final difference Fourier = 0.82 e A−3. Crystal data for 2: WRu4S2O15NC24H11, M = 1205.6, monoclinic, P21/n (No. 14), a = 15.268(1), b = 11.451(1), c = 19.121(2) A, β = 99.731(8)°, V = 3295.0(6) A3, Dc = 2.43 g cm−3, Z = 4, λ(Mo-Kα), graphite monochromator, μ = 56.2. Methods: MITHRIL, difference Fourier, full-matrix least-squares. Refinement of 4444 reflections (F2 ⩾ 3σ(F2)), (1 ⩽ 2θ ⩽ 48°), yielded R = 0.026, Rw = 0.032. Data/parameters ratio = 10.5. Compound 2 consists of a square-planar cluster of four ruthenium atoms with two quadruply bridging sulphido ligands and one terminally coordinated phenyl(dimethylamino)carbene ligand. Compound 3 consists of a cluster of 2 with a W(CO)5 group added to one of the quadruply bridging sulphido ligands.
Perception of heading without retinal optic flow

How do we determine where we are heading during visually controlled locomotion? Psychophysical research has shown that humans are quite good at judging their travel direction, or heading, from retinal optic flow. Here we show that retinal optic flow is sufficient, but not necessary, for determining heading. By using a purely cyclopean stimulus (random dot cinematogram), we demonstrate heading perception without retinal optic flow. We also show that heading judgments are equally accurate for the cyclopean stimulus and a conventional optic flow stimulus, when the two are matched for motion visibility. The human visual system thus demonstrates flexible, robust use of available visual cues for perceiving heading direction.
High Reflectivity Dielectric Gratings With Large Focusing Power

We introduce a novel optical element, a dielectric resonance grating with a non-periodic pattern, able to reflect nearly 100% of incident light while shaping the reflected light phase front in an arbitrary way.
Two new methods for the synthesis of C-glycosides

Abstract Thiophenyl glycosides are converted to C-glycosides by reaction with allyl or methallyltri- n -butylstannane using both “one-electron” and “two-electron” procedures, which give different stereoselectivities in some cases.
Damage Measure in Complex 1D Waveguides

This paper introduces a wave propagation-based damage index (DI) which relies on the estimation of phase gradients of propagating waves for accurate damage localization and on the prediction of mode conversion coefficients for damage quantification. The undamaged, or unperturbed, reference response is derived directly from the damaged component, through the application of filtering procedures in the wavenumber/frequency domain. These procedures separate incident waves from reflections caused by structural discontinuities encountered along the wave path. The DI formulation is illustrated through a numerical model of a beam with a small notch, modeled as a localized thickness reduction. The beam’s wave propagation response is simulated through the combined application of perturbation techniques and the Spectral Finite Element Method (SFEM). The resulting numerical tool allows efficient computation of the wave propagation response and the analysis of the effects of localized damages of various extent and location. The dynamic behavior of damaged beams is described through a general higher order model which couples bending and axial behavior, thus allowing the prediction of mode conversion phenomena. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the model capabilities.© 2008 ASME
Chemopreventive effect of N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin on carcinogenesis by ethyl carbamate in mice.

Because of abnormalities of metabolism of homocysteine thiolactone and methionine in malignant cells, and because of the chemopreventive activity of N- homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide against chemical carcinogenesis by ethyl carba- mate in mice, the cobalamin derivative of this retinamide was prepared and tested for chemopreventive activity. The substance, N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cob- alamin, was found to have a different UV-visible absorption spectrum from that of 5'- deoxyadenosyl cobalamin or N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide. Spectral analysis suggests a ratio of 2 mol of retinamide/mol of cobalamin within the molecule. To demonstrate chemopreventive activity, ethyl carbamate was given in a dose of 2 mg/ animal to A/J mice (15-18 g) weekly over a period of 10 weeks to induce pulmonary tumors. A total dose of N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin of 60 mg/kg, given for a total of 16 weeks, decreased by one fourth (P c 0.05) the number of pulmonary tumors induced by ethyl carbamate. An equimolar dose of 5'-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin (40 mg/kg) increased the number of tumors by one third (P c 0.001), and an equimolar dose of N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamide (20 mg/kg) had no effect on the number of pulmonary tumors. No mortality was observed in the experiment. When the ethyl carbamate was given in a single dose of 20 mg/animal, all three substances produced significant mortality in doses of 0.75-30 mg/kg. In the survivors of this experiment, doses of 0.75-30 mg/kg of N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido coba- lamin decreased the number of pulmonary tumors induced by ethyl carbamate to 52- 82% of controls (P c 0.01). The results show that N-homocysteine thiolactonyl retinamido cobalamin has chemopreventive activity against chemical carcinogenesis by ethyl car- bamate in mice. (P.S.E.B.M. 1989, Vol 1911
Isolation and characterization of β-galactosidase from Saccharomyces lactis

Abstract 1. 1. β-Galactosidase (β- d -galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) was purified 78.6-fold from wild type Saccharomyces lactis , strain M-12 by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fractionation, column chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE Sephadex A-50. 2. 2. The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum of 7.2 and a Mg 2+ optimum of 2 μmoles per ml. 3. 3. The Michaelis constant was determined and found to be 1.18 mM using o- nitrophenyl-β- d -galactopyranoside as the substrate.
A remarkable Cr(III) organometallic compound formed by an unprecedented rearrangement of a formamidinate anion

In addition to a quadruply bonded dichromium(II,II) compound of unusual structure, we have obtained a dinuclear, antiferromagnetically coupled, CrIII complex [Cr2(μ-OMe)2(η3-N,C,N′ -H2DpyF)2Cl2·MeOH, H2DpyF = CH(NH-pyridyl)2] containing a transformed formamidinate group in which the central carbon atom has changed from sp2 to sp3 hybridization and Cr–C bonds have been formed; details of the crystal structure of the organometallic compound are given here.
Lengthening the short nose.

Lengthening a short nose is one of the most difficult rhinoplasty problems. Two suggestions are made. First, substantial release of soft tissues is mandatory to lengthen the short nose. Second, the technique espoused involves (1) releasing the septal mucoperichondrium bilaterally, (2) releasing the septal upper from the lower lateral cartilage, and (3) using a baton graft attached to the septum, which in turn holds the tip cartilages in a more caudal position. Thirteen surgeries were performed with satisfactory results and few complications
FILTRATION WITH VARIABLE SLURRY CONCENTRATION

Filtration characteristics of slurries with varying concentration under constant applied pressure were studied. The problem was investigated by considering addition of feed slurry to a filtration chamber initially containing particulate free liquid. Theoretical analyses of two limiting cases of perfect displacement and complete mixing are presented. Constant pressure filtration experiments on Westex talc designed for variable slurry concentration under complete mixing conditions confirm theoretical predictions. Analyses of experimental data ignoring the variations in slurry concentration would be incorrect and would lead to erroneous results. Based on theoretical conclusions, a method of analysing experimental data under such conditions is presented.
The gradual expansion muscle flap.

Abstract : High energy open fractures of the tibia have traditionally been fraught with challenges to include bone comminution or loss, soft tissue loss, nonunion, and infection. A number of techniques have been implemented to treat the severe soft tissue loss typically involving the anteromedial surface of the tibia to include wet to dry dressings or Papineau techniques, negative pressure wound therapy, acellular dermal matrices, and rotational or free tissue transfer with Masquelet technique, primary shortening, and distraction osteogenesis to address bone loss. We present a novel technique and subsequent case series that obviates the need of free tissue transfer while treating high energy type IIIB open tibia fractures by performing an acute shortening and angulation of the tibia and rotational muscle flap coverage and split thickness skin grafting of the soft tissue defect. Distraction histiogenesis with circular external fixation is then used to correct the residual osseous deformity while stretching the rotational muscle flap.
Revisiting the fishers of Kerala, India

In this paper, we revisit a study that has become canonical in ICTD, economist Robert Jensen's study of mobile phone use in fishing markets in north Kerala. Jensen found that the use of mobile phones to share market price information made fish markets more efficient while also improving producer and consumer welfare. Based on our own ethnographic case study in the region, our goal is to understand the geographic and political-economic conditions in which Jensen's findings hold and to examine questions of generalizability. We show that what makes the fish trade in north Kerala a special case is, in part, due to its coastal geography and prevalent credit relationships that provided fishers the flexibility to optimize profits by selling at different markets. However, we also found that those working in various roles in Kerala's fishing industry emphasized more broadly the use of phones in maintaining trade relations, facilitating coordination, and protecting themselves during times of risk, vulnerability, or emergency. We suggest that parsimonious models, such as Jensen's, can generate blind spots, which are problematic when such studies are used to draw broader conclusions about policy and technology design.
Impact of Plasmids, Including Those EncodingVirB4/D4 Type IV Secretion Systems, on Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Virulence in Macrophages and Epithelial Cells

Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) can cause foodborne illness in humans following the consumption of contaminated meat and poultry products. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that certain S. Heidelberg isolated from food-animal sources harbor multiple transmissible plasmids with genes that encode antimicrobial resistance, virulence and a VirB4/D4 type-IV secretion system. This study examines the potential role of these transmissible plasmids in bacterial uptake and survival in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, and the molecular basis of host immune system modulation that may be associated with disease progression. A series of transconjugant and transformant strains were developed with different combinations of the plasmids to determine the roles of the individual and combinations of plasmids on virulence. Overall the Salmonella strains containing the VirB/D4 T4SS plasmids entered and survived in epithelial cells and macrophages to a greater degree than those without the plasmid, even though they carried other plasmid types. During entry in macrophages, the VirB/D4 T4SS encoding genes are up-regulated in a time-dependent fashion. When the potential mechanisms for increased virulence were examined using an antibacterial Response PCR Array, the strain containing the T4SS down regulated several host innate immune response genes which likely contributed to the increased uptake and survival within macrophages and epithelial cells.
Ordering circuit establishment in multiplane NoCs

Segregating networks-on-chips (NoCs) into data and control planes yields several opportunities for improving power and performance in chip-multiprocessor systems (CMPs). This article describes a hybrid packet/circuit switched multiplane network optimized to reduce latency in order to improve system performance and/or reduce system energy. Unlike traditional circuit preallocation techniques which require timestamps to reserve circuit resources, this article proposes an order-based preallocation scheme. By enforcing the order in which resources are scheduled and utilized rather than a fixed time, the NoC can take advantage of messages that arrive early while naturally tolerating message delays due to contention. Ordered circuit establishment is presented using two techniques. First, Deja Vu switching preestablishes circuits for data messages once a cache hit is detected and prior to the requested data becoming available. Second, using Red Carpet Routing, circuits are proactively reserved for a return data message as a request message traverses the NoC. The reduced communication latency over configured circuits enable system performance improvement or saving NoC energy by reducing voltage and frequency without sacrificing performance. In simulations of 16 and 64 core CMPs, Deja Vu switching enabled average NoC energy savings of 43p and 53p respectively. On the other hand, simulations of communication sensitive benchmarks using Red Carpet Routing show speedup in execution time of up to 16p, with an average of 10p over a purely packet switched NoC and an average of 8p over preconfiguring circuits using Deja Vu switching.
Meta-Analysis in Neuropsychology: Basic Approaches, Findings, and Applications

This article is a broad review of the approaches, findings, and applications of meta-analyses on clinical neuropsychological topics. The review is divided into four sections: basic characteristics of meta-analysis; the value of meta-analysis for neuropsychological investigations; illustrative findings from various meta-analyses on neuropsychological topics demonstrating the type of questions that can be answered; and problems and limitations of meta-analysis with a focus on future directions. The article is not intended to exhaustively review all the relevant literature nor detail the technical aspects of meta-analytic techniques, but rather it is designed to provide a basic, conceptual introduction for the general reader, particularly the clinician, to aid in comprehension of the now burgeoning literature that uses meta-analysis. Throughout, illustrative examples are developed and references are made to the practice of clinical neuropsychology.
Histochemical localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the respiratory tract of the Fischer-344 rat

Acetaldehyde, a nasal carcinogen and respiratory tract irritant, is metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenase. The localization of aldehyde dehydrogenase in individual cells of the nasal passages, trachea, and lungs of the Fischer-344 rat was determined histochemically using a cold glycol methacrylate embedding procedure. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was detected principally in the nasal respiratory epithelium, especially in the supranuclear cytoplasm of ciliated epithelial cells while olfactory epithelium was almost devoid of enzyme activity. Epithelial cells of the trachea demonstrated little detectable aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, however, the Clara cells of the lower bronchioles showed remarkably high activity. These results corroborate previous biochemical findings and extend them by histochemically identifying particular aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive cell types within the nasal respiratory epithelium. The distribution of nasal lesions induced by acetaldehyde correlated with regional aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiencies suggesting that regional susceptibility to the toxic effects of acetaldehyde may be due, at least in part, to a lack of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the susceptible regions. Furthermore, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in the Clara cells indicates a possible site for metabolism of aldehydes which penetrate to the lower airways.
Robust estimation of ARIMA models

Abstract The paper discusses methods of estimating univariate ARIMA models with outliers. The approach calls for a state vector representation of a time-series model, on which we can then operate on using the Kalman filter. One of the additional advantages of Kalman filter operating on the state vector representation is that the method and code could easily be adapted to be applicable to the ARIMA model with missing observations. The paper investigates ways to calculate robust initial estimation of the parameters of the ARIMA model. The method proposed is based on the results obtained by R.D. Martin (1980).
A RESOURCE-BASED STUDY OF NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: PREDICTING FIVE-YEAR LATER COMMERCIAL SUCCESS AND SPEED TO MARKET

Hypotheses derived from a resource-based model of new product development were used to predict five-year later commercial success in the form of profitability and speed to market for a sample of 117 new products from four firms in different industries. The results found marketing capabilities to be the best predictor of profitability, and that technical capabilities and leadership capabilities were also significant predictors. Leadership capabilities were the only significant predictor of which products made it to market, and of speed to market. Implications for models of new product development and for its effective management are discussed.
Combined administration of intravenous dipyridamole and inhaled nitric oxide to assess reversibility of pulmonary arterial hypertension in potential cardiac transplant recipients

Background Irreversible, severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) can produce right heart failure and early mortality after cardiac transplantation. We hypothesized that dipyridamole, an inhibitor of Type 5 phosphodiesterase, would augment the ability of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) to identify reversibility of PH. Methods In 9 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and severe PH who were breathing 100% oxygen during right heart catheterization, we administered inhaled NO (80 ppm) alone and in combination with intravenous dipyridamole (0.2-mg/kg bolus, with an infusion of 0.0375 mg/kg/min). Results Compared with breathing oxygen alone, NO inhalation decreased pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (by 10 ± 4% and 26 ± 12% [mean ± SEM], respectively; both p p p 5 in 3 of 7 patients who had a PVR of >200 dyne·s/cm 5 when breathing oxygen alone, whereas the combination of NO and dipyridamole decreased PVR to 5 in 2 additional patients. Conclusions Intravenous dipyridamole augments and prolongs the pulmonary vasodilator effects of inhaled NO in CHF patients with severe PH and, when administered in combination with NO inhalation, can identify PH reversibility in potential cardiac transplant recipients in whom a pulmonary vasodilator response to inhalation of NO alone is not observed.
How complicated is the set of stable models of a recursive logic program

Abstract Gelfond and Lifschitz (1988) proposed the notion of a stable model of a logic program. We establish that the set of all stable models in a Herbrand universe of a recursive logic program is, up to recursive renaming, the set of all infinite paths of a recursive, countably branching tree, and conversely. As a consequence, the problem, given a recursive logic program, of determining whether it has at least one stable model, is Σ 1 1 -complete. Due to the equivalences established in the authors' previous nonmonotone rule systems papers (Marek, Nerode and Remmel (1990)), this applies equally to truth maintenance systems and default logics.
Design of wideband continuous-time ΔΣ ADCs using two-step quantizers

Continuous-time delta sigma (CT-ΔΣ) ADCs are established as the data conversion architecture of choice for the next-generation wireless applications. Several efforts have been made to simultaneously improve the bandwidth and dynamic range of ΔΣ ADCs. We proposed using two-step quantizer in a single-loop CT-ΔΣ modulator to achieve higher conversion bandwidth. This paper presents a tutorial for employing the design technique through a 130n CMOS implementation. The proposed 640 MS/s, 4th order continuous-time delta sigma modulator (CT-ΔΣM) incorporates a two-step 5-bit quantizer, consisting of only 13 comparators. The CT-ΔΣM achieves a dynamic range of 70 dB, peak SNDR of 65.3 dB with 32 MHz bandwidth (OSR = 10) while consuming only 30 mW from the 1.2 V supply. The relevant design trade offs have been discussed and presented with simulation results.
The interactions of hydrazine derivatives with rat-hepatic cytochrome P-450

1. The ability of different classes of hydrazine derivatives to modify cytochrome P-450 function during turnover as judged by loss of absorbance at 416 nm, loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450, or destruction of haem has been studied.2. Addition of monosubstituted hydrazines to rat-liver microsomes caused considerable loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450 and haem destruction; monosubstituted hydrazides caused mainly loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450, most likely due to abortive complex formation. Metabolism of 1,1-disubstituted hydrazines by microsomal cytochrome P-450 resulted in loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450 only, with no haem destruction. The 1,2-disubstituted hydrazines and hydrazides, procarbazine and iproniazid, acted similarly to the monosubstituted hydrazines, while 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine elicited no response, cither in observable spectral changes or loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450.3. Synthetic diazene intermediates of phenylhydrazine and N-aminopiperidine reacted rapidly with micro...
Electron microscopy examination of R5T4 alloys, where R = Ho, Yb and Gd, and T = Si, Ge, Ga and Sb

Abstract Optical and electron micrographs reveal that R5(SixGe1–x)3-type compounds, existing as thin plates, are prevalent in R5(Six,Ge1–x)4 compound systems. The purpose of this research is an attempt to improve understanding of the formation of these thin plates by extending microstructural examination to other R5(SixGe1–x)4 systems where formation of R5(SixGe1–x)3 compounds may face additional constraints. Ho5(Si0.8Ge0.2)4, Ho5Ge4, Yb5Ge4, Gd5Ge3.5Sb0.5, Gd5Ge3Ga and Gd5Ge3Sn alloys were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. R5(SixGe1–x)3-type thin plates were observed in all alloys studied except for the Sb substituted system, which may be related to deviation of the valence electron concentration from normal R5(SixGe1–x)4 systems. Calculations of lattice misfit based on various assumptions indicate that the formation of thin plates is less sensitive to small lattice distortion than initially believed, and also appears fairly insensitive to slight composition variations.
Influence of corticosterone on the metabolism of palmitate and glucose in cockerels.

Treatment with corticosterone stimulated food intake in growing cockerels, but the steroid treatment actually retarded growth. Experimental birds had less carcass protein and glycogen but more carcass lipid. Steroid-treated cockerels also had increased plasma levels of total lipid and cholesterol. However, corticosterone had no apparent effect on either the weight and lipid content of the liver, adrenal weight, or secretion of corticosterone. Furthermore, it did not produce a sustained effect on the rate of carbon dioxide exhalation or the metabolism of C14-palmitate to C14O2. Glucocorticoid treatment altered the in vivo disposition of glucose carbon, directing more into lipid and less into protein and carbohydrate. Although glucose was incorporated into both glyceride-glycerol and fatty acids, the biosynthesis of fatty acids was increased by corticosterone. The proportion of stearic acid increased and that of oleic acid decreased in the carcass total lipid of treated cockerels.
Significant glomerular basement membrane thickening in hyperglycemic and normoglycemic diabetic-prone BB Wistar rats.

The diabetic-prone BioBreeding Wistar rat (BB/DP) is an autoimmune model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Approximately 80–90% of the animals are hyperglycemic (BB/DPh) by 90–120 days of age while those that do not become diabetic in adolescence (BB/DPn) remain normoglycemic for life. Likewise, rats in the diabetes-resistant (BB/DR) strain are normoglycemic. Although renal morphological studies have been carried out in this model, ultrastructural observations of age- and diabetes-related extracellular matrix (ECM) changes, including glomerular basement membrane (GBM) morphometry, are not available. Moreover, possible renal changes in the relatively uncommon BB/DPn control animals have not been reported. The current electron microscopic study was carried out to investigate temporal changes in detergent-treated acellular ECM in BB/DPh rats at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postonset of moderate hyperglycemia. Age-matched BB/DR and BB/DPn control animals were also examined. Our data demonstrate age- and diabetes-related alterations in mesangial matrix distributions and GBM widths and show for the first time significant increases in GBM thickening in both hyperglycemic (BB/DPh) and normoglycemic (BB/DPn) rats when compared to age-matched BB/DR controls. Surprisingly, the rate of increase is greatest in BB/DPn animals. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic basement membrane disease is not completely understood, GBM thickening is widely regarded as a morphological consequence of hyperglycemia. However, data in the current investigation show that ECM alterations, including significantly increased GBM thickness, may occur in genetically diabetic animals in the absence of hyperglycemia. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Does a waist-worn accelerometer capture intra- and inter-person variation in walking behavior among persons with multiple sclerosis?

The valid application of accelerometry and interpretation of its output (i.e., counts per unit time) for the measurement of walking behavior in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) rests upon multiple untested assumptions. This study tested the assumption that a waist-worn accelerometer should capture the intra- and inter-person variation in walking behavior. Twenty-four participants with a neurologist-confirmed diagnosis of MS and who were ambulatory with minimal assistance undertook three 6-min periods of over-ground walking that involved comfortable (CWS) and then slower (SWS) and faster (FWS) walking speeds while wearing ActiGraph, model 7164, accelerometers around the waist and ankle. The experimental manipulation of walking was successful such that the CWS was 76.7 ± 13.0 m/min (range = 55.6–105.14), whereas the SWS and FWS were 64.3 ± 12.3 m/min (range = 44.5–90.1) and 89.1 ± 13.8 m/min (range = 60.9–116.4), respectively. Movement counts from the waist and ankle-worn accelerometer were strongly associated with the manipulation of speed, but the association was stronger for the waist than ankle based on both eta-squared estimates (η2 values = .78 and .46) and the average squared multiple correlations from individual regression analyses (R2 values = .97 ± .04 and .88 ± .21). The bivariate correlation between movement counts from the waist-worn accelerometer and speed of walking (r = .823, p = .001) was large in magnitude and significantly different (z = 3.22, p = .001) from that between movement counts from the ankle-worn unit and walking speed (r = .549, p = .001). This study provides novel evidence that an accelerometer worn around the waist captures intra- and inter-person variation in over-ground walking behavior in those with MS.
Analysis of large deletions in the Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids of Neurospora.

The Mauriceville and Varkud mitochondrial plasmids are closely related, closed-circular DNAs (3.6 and 3.7 kb, respectively) that have characteristics of mtDNA introns and retroid elements. Both plasmids contain a 710 amino acid open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an 81 kDa protein having reverse transcriptase activity. Here, we analyzed two mutant plasmids, V5-36 and M3-24, that have undergone relatively large deletions (approximately 0.35 and 0.5 kb, respectively). Both deletions occur downstream of the long ORF in a noncoding region of the plasmids that contains a direct repeat of 160 bp and a cluster of five PstI-palindromes, a repetitive sequence element in Neurospora mtDNA. In V5-36, the deletion end points are at the bases of two hairpin structures that are centered around PstI-palindromes and flank the deleted region. In M3-24, the deletion junction contains an extra T-residue that is not encoded in the plasmid. In both plasmids, the deletion end points do not correspond to homologous or directly repeated sequences of more than one nucleotide, whose pairing could account for the deletion junction. The characteristics of the deletion end points can be accounted for either by illegitimate recombination, possibly following double strand breaks at cruciform structures, or by interruption of reverse transcription followed by reinitiation downstream. The finding that the deletions encompass the 160 bp direct repeat and all five PstI-palindromes indicates that neither are required for propagation of the plasmids and supports the hypothesis that PstI-palindromes are selfish DNA elements that inserted into a nonessential region of the plasmid.
Polygalacturonases: Many Genes in Search of a Function

Pectins are a major component of the plant cell wall and comprise one of the two major coextensive networks in which cellulose microfibrils are embedded ([Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993][1]). Pectic polysaccharides exist in the cell wall as either “smooth” regions of a linear copolymer of α-(1–4)-
Saddle-point complex-rotation method for resonances

A new procedure is suggested to improve the convergence of the complex-rotation method. Calculations are carried out for the He 2s2s/sup 1/S and 2s2p /sup 1/P resonances. With a relatively small and simple wave function, one obtains a width which is stable to six digits over a wide range of rotational angles and nonlinear parameters. The results are compared with those of the most accurate theoretical calculations and experiments. The feasibility of applying this method to more complicated systems as well as multichannel problems is also discussed.
Mixed-strategy play in single-stage first-price all-pay auctions with symmetric players

Abstract We consider sealed-bid, first-price, all-pay auctions with complete information, discrete strategy space, budget constraint, and symmetric players, and then construct the equilibrium solution in mixed strategies for both fixed and variable prizes. The equilibrium solution yields predictions concerning the effects of group size and value of the prize that are tested experimentally. The experimental results support equilibrium play on the aggregate but not individual level. Adaptive learning on the individual level accounts for the major trends in the aggregate expenditures over time.
Occurrence of the Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni) in Western Lake Erie

Reported here is the collection of two specimens of deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni) from Ohio waters of western Lake Erie in 1995. Both specimens were collected while sampling for pelagic walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) larvae. A 15.0-mm TL deepwater sculpin larva was collected over Toussaint Reef on 29 April 1995 and a 17.0-mm TL juvenile was collected west of South Bass Island State Park on 12 May 1995. It appears that there are no references to collections of deepwater sculpins from western Lake Erie in the literature or from communications with local management agency personnel. While these young deepwater sculpin may have come from ballast water or from a reproducing population in Lake Erie, the collection of 21 deepwater sculpin (12 to 19 mm TL) in the St. Clair River in May 1990 provides evidence of downstream transport from Lake Huron where indigenous populations exist.
Ferrous Binding to the Multicopper Oxidases Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fet3p and Human Ceruloplasmin: Contributions to Ferroxidase Activity

The multicopper oxidases are a family of enzymes that couple the reduction of O2 to H2O with the oxidation of a range of substrates. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fet3p and human ceruloplasmin (hCp) are members of this family that exhibit ferroxidase activity. Their high specificity for Fe(II) has been attributed to the existence of a binding site for iron. In this study, mutations at the E185 and Y354 residues, which are putative ligands for iron in Fet3p, have been generated and characterized. The effects of these mutations on the electronic structure of the T1 Cu site have been assessed, and the reactivities of this site toward 1,4-hydroquinone (a weak binding substrate) and Fe(II) have been evaluated and interpreted in terms of the semiclassical Marcus theory for electron transfer. The electronic and geometric structure of the Fe(II) substrate bound to Fet3p and hCp has been studied for the first time, using variable-temperature variable field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH MCD) spectroscopy. The iron b...
Dentition of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli from the Niobrara Chalk of Kansas

ABSTRACT Some specimens of the Late Cretaceous shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), from the Niobrara Chalk in Kansas have been found with partial or nearly complete sets of teeth. Analysis of these dentitions offers a better understanding of the shark's systematic position and tooth function. Cretoxyrhina mantelli has a lamnoid dentition with closely spaced tooth rows without any overlap, and with a tendency toward monognathic heterodonty. The best specimen shows four symphysial, two anterior, three intermediate, five lateral, and at least seven posterior teeth in the upper dental series, and one? symphysial, three anterior, five lateral, and at least ten posterior teeth in the lower. Some variation in individual tooth morphology is noted. Dental features support current taxonomic assignments of C. mantelli at ordinal, familial, and generic levels. Cretoxyrhina mantelli probably stabbed and anchored its food with large anterior teeth, and cut food primarily with its more distally located teeth.
Spins of the levels and multipole mixing ratios of transitions in 125Sb determined from γ-γ directional correlation and polarization-directional correlation measurements

Abstract In order to resolve several discrepancies in spin assignments to levels in 125 Sb, directional correlations and polarization-directional correlations have been measured for several γ-γ cascades in 125 Sb populated from the decay of 125 Sn. Earlier results obtained from using NaI and Ge(Li) and NaI detectors were difficult to interpret due to the complex structure of the decay scheme. To improve the experimental situation, we have used two coaxial Ge(Li) detectors for the angular correlation measurements and a coaxial Ge(Li)-planar Ge(Li) combination for the polarization-directional correlations. Combination of the results of these measurements give unique spin assignments of 11 2 − , 11 2 − , 9 2 + , 11 2 + and 9 2 + to the 1982 keV, 1890 keV, 1420 keV, 1089 keV and 1067 keV levels, respectively. The determined E2/M1 mixing ratios are : δ (470) = 0.010±0.027, δ (1067) = −0.86±0.18, and δ (916) = −0.02±0.01.