cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A life-cycle perspective of professionalism in services

Abstract In this article, we develop a professional service life cycle model to describe the changes in professional work over time. We explore the drivers of these changes through an in-depth longitudinal case study of one specific professional service – Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) consulting. We focus on understanding the evolutionary path of LEED consulting work as a result of its knowledge base, community and response to market and technological forces. Case evidence demonstrates an inherent tension between innovation and commodification resulting from multiple demands through various developmental stages. The life cycle model has important implications for value-creation in professional service operations management. First, it broadens the theoretical investigation of professional services to consider all processes and people along the professional continuum – from most innovative to commodified. Coordinated effort along the professional continuum is the key to delivering both effectiveness and efficiency. Second, proactively managing the transitions along the evolutionary path is both possible and desirable. Standardization and specialization improve talent allocation and boost future innovation. We suggest future opportunities to test and enrich the model.
A Comparison of Destination Competitiveness Mode——Taking Orlando and Las Vegas as An Example

Measuring performance of destinations is a complicated yet potentially important issue for many destinations.Current metrics of destination performance based on growth rates do not provide sufficient information about destination competitiveness and sustainability in the global market.The study suggests a more meaningful performance measurement based on value generating processes at the destination level.
ABC inventory analysis and economic order quantity concept in hospital pharmacy purchasing.

ABC inventory analysis and the economic order quantity (EOQ) concept were studied as alternatives to the cyclical ordering system used by the pharmacy in a 558-bed general hospital. The inventory was divided into A, B or C groups according to the annual dollar value of the items. Two samples were selected to be studied (the first consisting of 10% of the total inventory and the second consisting of 10% of the A, or high cost, items). For each item in both samples the EOQ was calculated to estimate the proposed annual inventory cost as compared to the actual cost as determined from past inventory records. In the first sample, there was a statistically significant mean annual savings of $4.13 +/- $0.36 (S.E.) using the proposed annual cost. In the second sample there was a mean savings of $2.42 +/- $0.60 (S.E.) using the proposed method, which was not statistically significant. Most of the savings with the proposed ABC-EOQ system would occur with the low dollar value items (B and C items) which were being purchased too frequently.
Chapter 12: Shaping Next Generation Compliance at EPA: Lessons From the Agency's Past and Some Post-Workshop Thoughts

This chapter describes some little used — or never tried — approaches to environmental enforcement and compliance assurance that appear worth implementing. The chapter considers some practical lessons from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) enforcement history that have pertinence to the EPA’s ongoing enforcement resource constraints. In particular, it focuses on three topics: some low budget techniques employed in the past by EPA enforcement and compliance personnel that merit renewed emphasis, an approach to avoiding interoffice rivalries that have plagued the Agency’s enforcement and compliance work in the past, and some resources outside of EPA that the Agency may fruitfully draw upon to maximize the impact of the work of EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA). The chapter also includes thoughts and suggestions with respect to other relatively inexpensive techniques that EPA may wish to use to enhance overall compliance with pollution control standards.
Reduction of bladder cancer growth in mice treated with intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin and systemic interleukin 2.

Abstract The effect of systemic administration of Interleukin 2 (IL2) on intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Guerin (BCG) therapy was studied in an established murine bladder tumor, MBT-2. BCG (100 μg.) was administered intravesically on days 7 and 14 after seeding bladders with MBT-2 cells. IL2 (5,000 U/injection) was given intraperitoneally every eight hours for 10 times (days seven through 10 and 14 through 17). BCG or IL2 therapy alone failed to reduce incidence of tumor implantation and tumor weight; whereas, combined treatment with BCG and IL2 reduced tumor weight significantly compared to saline or BCG treated mice. Cytotoxicity was assessed in a four-hour 75Semethionine-release assay. Augmentation of natural killer cell activity was only observed in mice treated with BCG plus IL2. MBT-2 target cells were not lysed by spleen cells from mice treated with BCG or saline. IL2 therapy produced lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, though combining BCG with IL2 suppressed this activity after each course of treatment. The results suggest that combined treatment with IL2 enhances the therapeutic effect of BCG therapy. However, this enhancement of antitumor activity is not clearly explained by augmentation of natural killer or in vivo-generated lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Valuation and production possibilities on a working forest using multi-objective programming, Woodstock, timber NPV, and carbon storage and sequestration

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the trade-off between net present value (NPV) of timber resources, and carbon sequestration and storage for a working forest, the Hofmann Forest in North Carolina, USA. Multi-objective optimization is used to determine the production possibility curves showing the relationship between NPV and carbon. We then perform a sensitivity analysis to explore alternative management strategies. For carbon yields we used aboveground pools: branches, leaves, tops and bole as estimated by the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and LOBDSS using the California Carbon Market Protocols, including product carbon. Timber yields of sawtimber, chip-n-saw and pulpwood were estimated by LOBDSS for planted stands less than 49 years of age, and FVS was used for all natural stands and planted stands 49 years and over. Our results reveal that NPV opportunity costs associated with increasing carbon sequestration at Hofmann Forest are less than the current California carbon market price.
Obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by destruction and inflammation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease affects mainly women. The disease is often discovered through abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and is confirmed when anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are present. The etiology of PBC is poorly understood. Cigarette smoking, immune dysregulation, nail polish, urinary tract infections, and low socioeconomic status have been implicated but none have been confirmed. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have disclosed strong associations between certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and PBC. PBC can progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in up to 3.5% of PBC patients. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only medication approved for the treatment of PBC. The use of UDCA in PBC delays histological progression and extends the transplant-free survival. 40% o...
On the delay bounds of discrete-time linear systems under delay independent truncated predictor feedback

Predictor state feedback law achieves stabilization for a discrete-time linear system with input delay by making the closed-loop system free of delay. It is known that the predictor feedback law disposed of the term corresponding to the zero state solution in the state predictor, which is referred to as truncated predictor feedback (TPF), can be designed using low gain feedback technique to stabilize a system that is not exponentially unstable for an arbitrarily large delay. Moreover, when the transition matrix in the truncated predictor feedback is removed, a delay independent TPF law is formulated, and has the ability to stabilize a system for an arbitrarily large delay if all open loop poles of the system are inside the unit circle or at z = 1. This paper first proposes an example to show that a delay independent TPF law is practically not able to achieve stabilization for a sufficiently large delay if the system is not exponentially unstable but has at least one pole on the unit circle at z ≠ 1. We then determine a delay bound and the values of the low gain parameter that guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Generalization of the results to the exponentially unstable system is also considered.
Microwave power detection from an anharmonic dipolar resonance

Electric-field-induced, anharmonic dipolar resonances of room-temperature, barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film varactors have been used to rectify and detect microwave signals with frequencies ranging from 2GHz to 3GHz. The resonant frequency was shown to have strong dependence on film thickness with some amount of voltage-controlled tunability. Our experiments involved lock-in detection of a 100% amplitude modulated microwave signal with power levels ranging from −20 dBm to +10 dBm. An on-resonant sensitivity of 0.6 mV/mW was observed. This power detection sensitivity was shown to have built-in bandpass filtering arising from resonant line shape.
Eigenmode Prediction of High RF Exposure Frequency Region Inside Vehicles

An RF exposure of a vehicle's crew is discussed and a fast modeling approach for prediction thereof is demonstrated. The modeling is based on eigenmode analysis for acquiring a range of frequencies where the shielding effectiveness of a vehicle cabin is expected to be significantly worsened. Clear correlation between the positions of eigenfrequencies and high RF exposure peaks obtained by a full-wave analysis is demonstrated. It is shown that cavity resonance behavior may cause consistent overexposure of vehicle's crew compared to the outside people. It is also seen that at lower end very high frequency communication or jamming system can easily violate the Federal Communications Commission set limit for RF exposure.
Do resident's leadership skills relate to ratings of technical skill?

Abstract Background This study sought to compare general surgery research residents' survey information regarding self-efficacy ratings to their observed performance during a simulated small bowel repair. Their observed performance ratings were based on their leadership skills in directing their assistant. Methods Participants were given 15 min to perform a bowel repair using bovine intestines with standardized injuries. Operative assistants were assigned to help assist with the repair. Before the procedure, participants were asked to rate their expected skills decay, task difficulty, and confidence in addressing the small bowel injury. Interactions were coded to identify the number of instructions given by the participants to the assistant during the repair. Statistical analyses assessed the relationship between the number of directional instructions and participants' perceptions self-efficacy measures. Directional instructions were defined as any dialog by the participant who guided the assistant to perform an action. Results Thirty-six residents (58.3% female) participated in the study. Participants who rated lower levels of decay in their intraoperative decision-making and small bowel repair skills were noted to use their assistant more by giving more instructions. Similarly, a higher number of instructions correlated with lower perceived difficulty in selecting the correct suture, suture pattern, and completing the entire surgical task. Conclusions General surgery research residents' intraoperative leadership skills showed significant correlations to their perceptions of skill decay and task difficulty during a bowel repair. Evaluating resident's directional instructions may provide an additional individualized intraoperative assessment metric. Further evaluation relating to operative performance outcomes is warranted.
Evaporation from Free Water Surfaces at High Altitudes

In western United States, evaporation losses from reservoirs and lakes at high altitudes are of importance as element affecting net water supply; data on evaporation and method of estimating monthly evaporation for entire year from temperature and other data.
Review of the YA4-H! Youth Advocates for Health: Building Successful Youth-Adult Partnerships Training Curriculum

Youth-adult partnerships (Y-APs) are an important aspect of positive youth development programming. Creating effective Y-APs, however, requires training of both youth and adults. This article reviews the YA4-H! Youth Advocates for Health: Building Successful Youth-Adult Partnerships (Arnold, & Gifford, 2015) curriculum that is intended for use in trainings with youth and adults to assist in the formation of effective Y-APs. The 80 page curriculum covers five key areas for forming successful YA-Ps: Ice Breakers, an exploration of power, understanding youth-adult partnerships, personal traits, and reflection. The curriculum is laid out in a user-friendly manner, provides background information on youth development and Y-APs, and includes training options ranging from half-day to full weekend retreats. While it was developed for the 4-H program, it is suitable for use in any youth setting. The curriculum is comprehensive, easy to use, and a valuable addition to other published Y-AP training materials.
Meiotic Knockdown and Complementation Reveals Essential Role of RAD51 in Mouse Spermatogenesis

Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) is important for proper chromosomal segregation during gametogenesis and facilitates evolutionary adaptation via genomic reshuffling. In most eukaryotes, HR is mediated by two recombinases, the ubiquitous RAD51 and the meiosis-specific DMC1. The role of RAD51 in mammalian meiosis is unclear and study of its function is limited due to embryonic lethality of RAD51 knockouts. Here, we developed an in vivo meiotic knockdown and protein complementation system to study RAD51 during mouse spermatogenesis. We show that RAD51 is crucial during meiotic prophase and its loss leads to depletion of late prophase I spermatocytes through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. This phenotype is distinct from that observed in the DMC1 knockdown. Our meiotic knockdown and complementation system establishes an experimental platform for mechanistic studies of meiotic proteins with unknown functions or essential genes for which a testis-specific knockout is not possible.
CRT-100.02 Drug Eluting Stents Should Be the Standard of Care in STEMI Patients: A Review From the National In-patient Sample

From 2007 through 2013, bare metal stents (BMS) were the guidelines recommended option for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to analyze trends and in-hospital outcomes of patients treated with BMS or drug eluting stents (DES) during primary angioplasty for ST segment elevation
(Micro)Movements and Microbrew: On Craft Beer, Tourism Trails, and Material Transformations in Three Urban Industrial Sites

As evidenced by the burgeoning craft brew scene in cities across the United States and around the world, beer and brewing are not only having an economic impact in local and regional economies, but are also serving multiple social purposes. In order to better understand the role of brewers and breweries in these changes to local communities, we ask: how are craft breweries serving as change agents in processes of development within a variety of contexts? Using an ethnographic research approach emphasizing fieldwork and participant observation (i.e., meeting with brewers in situ) as well as secondary data analysis and review (especially of promotional materials and popular media reporting), we examine three case studies of breweries located along nascent urban “beer trails”, investigating the various roles of craft beer in community building, tourism development, and (local) place and identity making. The three case studies in West Sacramento, CA; Lexington, KY; and Manchester, UK, illustrate how beer might serve as a vehicle of material transformation, transforming rural inputs into an urban product and raw materials from across the globe into a place-associated, “local” product. Specifically, we argue that brewers and breweries are feeding into larger processes of (neo)localism and the pursuit of “sustainability” in the craft beverage industry. Moreover, we describe how related collective tourism and marketing schemes (a.k.a. “beer trails”) create (micro)movements of change by reinvigorating “forgotten” neighborhoods and catalyzing the (re)evolution of places in decline.
Factors influencing people's decision-making during three consecutive tornado events

Abstract On May 19th, 20th, and 31st 2013, three tornadoes with different intensities struck the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. A set of survey data was collected from residents in the area two months after the events. This study aims to explore the effects of different factors, the environmental context factor (proximity to the tornado's path), the information factor (number of weather information sources) as well as personal factors (age, marital status, gender, education, prior experience with tornadoes, type of geographical area- rural vs. urban-, and income), on people's protective action. For each of three tornado events, a multiple logistic regression model was built to identify the statistically significant factors on taking protective action by people. The results showed that only the factors of “proximity to the tornado” and “number of weather information sources” in all three models had significant effects on the odds of taking protective action. The likelihood of taking protective action when people were on the tornado's path was significantly higher than that of scenarios in which people were outside 5 miles of the tornado. Holding the other variables constant, adding one unit to the number of information sources increases the odds of taking protective action by 2.27 on average for the three events.
Composition methods in the homotopy groups of ring spectra

Progress in calculating the homotopy groups of spheres has seen two major breakthroughs. The first was Toda’s work, culminating in his book [11] in which the EHP sequences of James and Whitehead were used inductively; “composition methods” were used to construct elements and evaluate homomorphisms. The second was the Adams spectral sequence. Each method has advantages and disadvantages. Toda’s method has the advantage that unstable homotopy groups are calculated along with stable groups. It has the disadvantage that it applies only to spheres and in particular, naturality under maps between spaces cannot be applied. The Adams method has the advantage that much of the bookkeeping work is accomplished in advance during the calculation of the Ext groups. The disadvantage that it does not calculate unstable groups has been eliminated, for certain nice spaces, by the work of [3]. This work implies that for certain spaces, the unstable homotopy is as accessible as the stable homotopy. It is the purpose of this work to examine how, in certain cases, the methods of Toda can be used for spaces other than spheres. We will begin by summarizing the methods used by Toda. We will discuss the possibility of using these methods for other spectra and work out the example of the Moore space spectrum S0UP r e 1 for p > 3.
Population growth and environmental degradation in Malawi.

Malawi has been ranked by the World Bank as one of the poorest countries in Africa. Malawis only resources are its people and fertile soil which comprises about 55% of land area. Environmental degradation and population growth conditions in Malawi were used to illustrate the model of environmental degradation linked to population pressure on land resources and government development strategies that favored large-scale agricultural farms. The result has been deforestation overgrazing overuse of land for subsistence and increased population density. The argument was that population growth in some developing countries has been so rapid that environmental collapse is the result. The theoretical framework linking population growth environment and resources emphasized processes: 1) the precursor stage of underlying causes; 2) the problem phase with potential ecological and economic decline; and 3) consequences (environmental decline reduction in food production systems and reduction in standard of living). The precursors were identified as an agrarian society lack of a population policy and emphasis on large families. The problems were rapid population growth and immigration from Mozambique which led to increased demand for trees for fuel and consequent deforestation increased demand for arable land and consequent landlessness increased investment in livestock and consequent overgrazing and continued population momentum which was a financial burden to government and resulted in increased labor competition. The ecological consequences were soil erosion degradation of vegetation and water supply contamination and decline. Eventually famines will occur and lead to disease migration deserted villages urbanization unemployment ethnic conflicts and political unrest. Population was estimated at 8.75 million in 1990 with exponential growth expected. Completed family size was 6.6 children per woman. Even replacement fertility would mean growth for 50 more years. Population density was 85 persons per sq. km and 300 persons per sq. km on arable land in the Southern Region. 26% of land area could be cultivated to accommodate future population growth; most of this land would be in the Southern Region with higher population density. Delicate marginal lands had been cultivated with resultant mineral leaching hard panning and soil erosion. Shifting cultivation patterns have been replaced due to population pressure. Small landholders produced 80% of agricultural products in the past but landlessness and commercial farming are growing concerns.
Infection and nuclear interaction in mammalian cells by 'Candidatus Berkiella cookevillensis', a novel bacterium isolated from amoebae.

‘Candidatus Berkiella cookevillensis’ and ‘Ca. Berkiella aquae’ have previously been described as intranuclear bacteria of amoebae. Both bacteria were isolated from amoebae and were described as appearing within the nuclei of Acanthamoeba polyphaga and ultimately lysing their host cells within 4 days. Both bacteria are Gammaproteobacteria in the order Legionellales with the greatest similarity to Coxiella burnetii. Neither bacterium grows axenically in artificial culture media. In this study, we further characterized ‘Ca. B. cookevillensis’ by demonstrating association with nuclei of human phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell lines. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy were used to confirm nuclear co-localization of ‘Ca. B. cookevillensis’ in the amoeba host A. polyphaga with 100% of cells having bacteria co-localized with host nuclei by 48 h. TEM and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the bacterium was also observed to be closely associated with nuclei of human U937 and THP-1 differentiated macrophage cell lines and nonphagocytic HeLa human epithelial-like cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that the bacteria-containing vacuole invaginates the nuclear membranes and appears to cross from the cytoplasm into the nucleus as an intact vacuole. Results of this study indicate that a novel coccoid bacterium isolated from amoebae can infect human cell lines by associating with the host cell nuclei, either by crossing the nuclear membranes or by deeply invaginating the nuclear membranes. When associated with the nuclei, the bacteria appear to be bound within a vacuole and replicate to high numbers by 48 h. We believe this is the first report of such a process involving bacteria and human cell lines.
Laser induced graphene printing of spatially controlled super-hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces

Abstract Spatial control over the wetting properties of graphene surfaces is a desired feature in numerous applications. Traditionally, this is achieved using time consuming chemical treatment processes that lack spatial tuning. Here, we demonstrate the use of laser induced graphene for the direct, spatial printing of surfaces with either superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic character through simple and convenient control over graphene array morphology, and without the need for chemical surface modification. The wetting properties of the graphene surfaces range from superhydrophilic (0°) for sheet-like structures, to superhydrophobic (>150°) for micro-pillar and hemispherical structures. By varying the induction parameters of the CO2 laser, we demonstrate the ability to write patterns with spatially tailored wettability to enable liquid micro-patterning and channeling of flow. Furthermore, we study solid-liquid interactions for such surfaces using viscosity measurements, where a “petal effect” is observed in the graphene material, thus revealing the parahydrophobicity of the surface.
Multilocus sequence typing of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients and from fecal samples of healthy subjects in a college community.

Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Escherichia coli is the most common cause of community-acquired UTI. In general, UTI results from E. coli in the intestine that enters the bladder via the urethra. However, whether these E. coli strains that cause UTI represent members of the intestinal commensal E. coli or a distinct subgroup of pathogenic E. coli remains unestablished. Here, we analyzed E. coli isolates from fecal samples of healthy volunteers and urine samples of UTI patients obtained from a university-affiliated health center. The E. coli isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). From May to October 2018, we analyzed 89 E. coli isolates from 76 (75%) rectal swabs from 113 unique healthy volunteers. We also analyzed 106 (27%) E. coli isolates from 398 unique urine samples collected between August and October 2018. Fecal and urine E. coli isolates each contained 31 distinct sequence types (STs). Nine STs were shared by fecal and urine E. coli isolates, which accounted for approximately 50% of urine isolates typed by MLST. Among the shared genotypes, ST10 and ST131 were significantly more frequently found in fecal samples, whereas ST95 and ST127 were significantly more frequently recovered from UTI samples. ST73 was found only among urine samples. These E. coli genotypes clustered and fluctuated over time. These observations suggest that E. coli genotypes found to cause UTI transiently colonize the intestine and that their primary reservoir may reside outside of the human intestine.
The Role of the Public Sector in Ensuring Access to Psychiatric Hospital Care for Elderly and Disabled Medicare Beneficiaries

Purpose: Compare Medicare beneficiaries admitted to public, private not-for-profit, and for-profit psychiatric hospitals. Methods: Administrative data on all beneficiaries admitted to psychiatric hospitals in 1990 were used to estimate multinomial logit models of treatment in for-profit or private not-for-profit (vs. public) hospitals, controlling for patient characteristics. Results: Women and beneficiaries with worse geographic access to public hospitals, better access to private hospitals, or comorbidities were more likely to be treated in private hospitals. Blacks, rural residents, and beneficiaries who were disabled, had previous psychiatric hospitalizations, or a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia were less likely to be treated in private hospitals. Residents of lower-income areas were less likely to be treated in private not-for-profits. Conclusions: In addition to being essential providers for the uninsured, public hospitals also play an important role in ensuring access to care for Medicare beneficiaries. Public psychiatric hospitals treat a disproportionate share of the sickest, lowest-income, and minority patients. Geographic proximity and bed supply also play an important role in provider choices. Plans to privatize state psychiatric facilities should take these considerations into account.
Dynamics of the blue pump-induced ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition and relaxation in VO2/TiO2 and VO2/TiO2:Nb thin films

We study the ultrafast time resolved response of 30 nm films of VO2 on a TiO2 substrate when 3.1 eV (400 nm wavelength) pump pulses were used to excite the insulator to metal transition (IMT). We found that the IMT threshold for these samples (≤30µJ/cm2) is more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than that generally reported for a more traditional 1.55 eV (800 nm wavelength) excitation. The samples also exhibited unusual reflectivity dynamics at near-threshold values of pump fluence where their fractional relative reflectivity ΔR/R initially increased before becoming negative after several hundreds of picoseconds, in stark contrast with uniformly negative ΔR/R observed for both higher 400 nm pump fluences and for 800 nm pump pulses. We explain the observed behavior by the interference of the reflected probe beam from the inhomogeneous layers formed inside the film by different phases of VO2 and use a simple diffusion model of the VO2 phase transition to support qualitatively this hypothesis. We also compare the characteristics of the VO2 films grown on undoped TiO2 and on doped TiO2:Nb substrates and observe more pronounced reflectivity variation during IMT and faster relaxation to the insulating state for the VO2/TiO2:Nb sample.
Nine Key Factors in Extended Litigation-Based Reform of State Child Welfare Agencies

Abstract Youth entering foster care encounter a multi-system state child welfare agency (CWA) that provides foster care and other child welfare related functions. CWAs face complex and ongoing governmental and organizational challenges contributing to a history of serious systemic deficiencies due to chronic under-funding, under-staffing, and under-resourcing. Child welfare advocates employ class-action litigation to engage leaders in sustained focus and action to remedy systemic failures and hold them accountable for poor care and outcomes for youth in foster care. A qualitative design using multiple case study and document analysis methods was used to explore extended litigation-based reform of thirteen state CWAs to identify key factors that contributed to substantive improvements in the state foster care system. Nine dominant factors were identified that included: (a) well-defined consent decrees and settlement agreements; (b) court-appointed monitors, special masters, and receiverships; (c) moving from an adversarial to collaborative environment; (d) case practice model/principles-based reform plan and family/team-based case management; (e) executive leadership support, resistance, and turnover (f) state governmental and legislature support; (g) building institutional capacity; (h) CWA structured as an independent agency; and (i) incremental reform plan implementation.
An Active Zero-State Switch (AZS) for Commonmode Voltage Reduction in Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) Drives

1Common-mode voltage produced by voltage source inverters is of great concern in motor drives because significant amount of common-mode conducted/bearing current is induced and interferes with system operation. As an alternative to inserting bulky passive filters to attenuate common-mode current, a new topology "active zero-state switch (AZS)" is proposed. Minor adjustment to standard space vector pulse width modulation is also made to realize the proposed scheme and achieve reduced common-mode voltage. The new topology and adjusted modulation scheme are shown to effectively reduce common-mode voltage in a standard commercial voltage source inverter.
Psychosocial intervention and the reward system in pain and opioid misuse: new opportunities and directions.

Clinicians and scientists have begun to recognize that chronic pain and its treatment with opioid analgesics may occasion hedonic dysregulation—a blunting of physiological and positive emotional responses to rewarding objects and events in the social environment. Conversely, pain relief can be rewarding [83,84]. Yet, this relation is not unidirectional; experimental manipulations and clinical observational studies demonstrate the analgesic effects of positive affect and reward [32,86]. Although positive emotions and rewarding experiences can produce analgesia, how might they be intentionally cultivated for their therapeutic value? To answer this research question, this topical review proposes a mechanistic model (Figure 1) for optimizing psychosocial interventions by leveraging positive affective/reward-related mechanisms as means of addressing chronic pain and opioid misuse.
Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation With Isolated Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) concomitant with cardiac surgery is a Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) class I recommendation, although the AF is frequently ignored. Analysis of the STS Database 30-day outcomes of isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) with and without AF ablation is presented. Methods Data on 87,426 surgical aortic valve replacement patients were extracted from the STS database (version 2.81, 2014-2017) and patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) No preoperative AF, (2) Preoperative AF with concomitant ablation, and (3) Preoperative AF without ablation. The latter 2 groups were propensity score–matched in 1-(up)-to-2 ratio to alleviate covariate imbalances and reduce bias. Thirty-day outcomes were evaluated and compared. Results Preoperative AF was present in 17.8% (15,596 of 87,426 patients). Ablation was performed in 33.1% (5,167 of 15,596), and 57.7% (2,983) had left atrial appendage closure. Propensity score matching (AF ablated n = 3692; AF non-ablated n = 5724), revealed that there was no difference between the AF ablated and AF non-ablated groups in mortality (2.8% vs 3.0%, respectively; P = .65) or for stroke (1.6% vs 1.7%, respectively; P = .82), but postoperative pacemaker implantation was higher in the AF ablated patients (6.8% AF ablated vs 5.0% AF non-ablated, P Conclusions Despite being a class I recommendation, AF ablation concomitantly with other cardiac surgical procedures remains lower than current guideline recommendation in surgical aortic valve replacement patients. Ablation for AF does not increase the 30-day operative mortality or perioperative morbidity compared with non-ablated patients, although new pacemaker requirements were higher in the AF ablated group.
Abstract 3834: Histone methyltransferase SET8 is regulated by miR-192/-215 and induces oncogene-induced senescence via p53-dependent DNA damage in human gastric carcinoma cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA Purpose: This aim of study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance and potential role of histone methyltransferase SET8 in the progression of gastric carcinoma (GC). Experimental Design: SET8 was screened out by gene microarray in gastric cell lines with or without miR-192/-215 inhibitors or mimics. The effects of SET8 on cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis were examined using EdU assays, invasion studies, subcutaneous tumor experiments, and tail-vein injection in nude mice. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect SET8 expression in GC tissues, and real-time PCR was performed to examine the correlations between miR-192/-215 and SET8. SA-β-Gal staining assays were performed to identify the occurrence of senescence. Senescence-associated proteins were examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results: SET8 regulated by miR-192/-215 displayed decreased expression in GC. Inhibition of miR-192/-215 resulted in weakened proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC. The 3'UTR of SET8 was targeted by miR-192/-215, and SET8 siRNA treatment successfully rescued the biological phenomenon. SET8 was found to trigger oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in GC in vivo and in vitro , highlighting the functional mechanism of the miR-192/-215/SET8 axis in GC. During OIS, p53 and p21 were key genetic switch points. Taken together, these data show that the miR-192/-215/SET8/p53 circuit is a key regulator of GC promotion and is highly associated with proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that SET8 functions via the OIS-signaling pathway as a negative regulator of metastasis. This provides an experimental rationale for investigation of the OIS-signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target in GC. Supported by : National Nature Science Foundation of China (81772592) to Z.J.; National Nature Science Foundation of China (81871969) to X.Z.; National Natural Youth Science Foundation of China (31601028) to Y.P.; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases (2019B030301009) to Z.J. Citation Format: Xiaojing Zhang, Yin Peng, Fan Hu, Yuli Gao, Jin Zhe, Stephenj Meltzer. Histone methyltransferase SET8 is regulated by miR-192/-215 and induces oncogene-induced senescence via p53-dependent DNA damage in human gastric carcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3834.
Evaluation of oral citrulline administration as a mitigation strategy for fescue toxicosis in sheep.

Gestating ewes consuming ergot alkaloids, from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed, suffer from intrauterine growth restriction and produce smaller lambs. Arginine (Arg) supplementation has been shown to increase birth weight and oral citrulline (Cit) administration is reported to increase arginine concentrations. Two experiments were conducted to: 1) evaluate if oral supplementation with Cit or water, to ewes consuming E+ fescue seed, increases lamb birth weight and 2) determine the effectiveness of Cit and citrulline:malate as an oral drench and elevating circulating levels of Cit to determine levels and dose frequency. In experiment 1, gestating Suffolk ewes (n = 10) were assigned to one of two treatments [oral drench of citrulline-malate 2:1 (CITM; 81 mg/kg/d of citrulline) or water (TOX)] to start on d 86 of gestation and continued until parturition. Ewes on CITM treatment had decreased (P 0.05) in birth weight from lambs born to TOX ewes. In experiment 2, nonpregnant Suffolk ewes (n = 3) were assigned to either oral citrulline (CIT; 81 mg/kg/d), citrulline-malate 2:1 (CITM; 81 mg/kg/d of citrulline), or water (CON) drench in a Latin Square design for a treatment period of 4 d with a washout period of 3 d. On d 4, blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 18 h post drench. Oral drenching of CIT and CITM increased (P < 0.0001) Cit concentrations within 2 h and levels remained elevated for 6 h. Apparent half-life of elimination for CIT and CITM were 8.484 and 10.392 h, respectively. Our results show that lamb birth weight was not altered with a single oral drench of citrulline-malate; however, lamb body composition was altered. The level and frequency of citrulline dosing may need to be greater in order to observe consistent elevation of Cit/Arg concentrations to determine its effectiveness in mitigating fescue toxicosis.
Microbial N2O consumption in and above marine N2O production hotspots.

The ocean is a net source of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting agent. However, the removal of N2O via microbial N2O consumption is poorly constrained and rate measurements have been restricted to anoxic waters. Here we expand N2O consumption measurements from anoxic zones to the sharp oxygen gradient above them, and experimentally determine kinetic parameters in both oxic and anoxic seawater for the first time. We find that the substrate affinity, O2 tolerance, and community composition of N2O-consuming microbes in oxic waters differ from those in the underlying anoxic layers. Kinetic parameters determined here are used to model in situ N2O production and consumption rates. Estimated in situ rates differ from measured rates, confirming the necessity to consider kinetics when predicting N2O cycling. Microbes from the oxic layer consume N2O under anoxic conditions at a much faster rate than microbes from anoxic zones. These experimental results are in keeping with model results which indicate that N2O consumption likely takes place above the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ). Thus, the dynamic layer with steep O2 and N2O gradients right above the ODZ is a previously ignored potential gatekeeper of N2O and should be accounted for in the marine N2O budget.
Personal reminders: Self-generated reminders boost memory more than normatively related ones

People generate reminders in a variety of ways (e.g. putting items in special places or creating to-do lists) to support their memories. Successful remindings can result in retroactive facilitation of earlier information; in contrast, failures to remind can produce interference between memory for related information. Here, we compared the efficacy of different kinds of reminders, including participant’s self-generated reminders, reminders created by prior participants, and normatively associated reminders. Self-generated reminders boosted memory for the earlier target words more than normatively associated reminders in recall tests. Reminders generated by others enhanced memory as much as self-generated reminders when we controlled output order during recall. The results suggest that self-generated reminders boost memory for earlier studied information because they distinctly point towards the target information.
The Libyan - Egyptian relation 1969-2005

The research in the Egyptian - Libyan relation dates back to ancient history. The change of leaders and the political system had affected these relations ,so they had changed from being so close to unly passing through tension and even conflict There is long borders between the two countries more than a thousand kilo-which made some kind of social relations ship between the people of the two countries . the relation between the two states had grew stronger ,after their in dependence especially when Libya tried to follow the steps of Egypt during Nasir era, but their relations deteriorated after Egypt's peace treaty with Israel , but it had flourished buck in the nineties. In spite of the improvement in the relation. between the two part after 2003.on the economic level , it had passed through tensions because of the mutual acquisitions of the two authorities,the Egyptian and the Libyan because of Libyan decision to abandon weapons of mass distraction, and the Libyan close relations with the muslim brother hood in Egypt,the main opposition forcei-Egypt at that time.
Myelin Palingenesis: The Reformation of Myelin by Mature Oligodendrocytes in the Absence of Neurons

It is now established that central nervous system (CNS) axons having lost their myelin can be remyelinated (for reviews see 7, 21, 50). The new myelin is made not only by oligodendrocytes but in some loci by Schwann cells as well (4, 8). Of interest is the demonstration that in experimental model systems in rodents, remyelination of axons in vivo is carried out by oligodendrocytes that have divided just prior to forming myelin. In this respect, the cells responsible for remyelination appear to follow a pattern of division, differentiation and maturation akin to that seen during normal development and the initial laying down of myelin (21). Presumably, it was observations of this type that led Wood and Bunge (50) to speculate that the mature oligodendrocyte:”…as a terminally differentiated cell does not have the capability to construct new myelin sheaths. Remyelination, which requires construction of entirely new segments, is dependent on a prior proliferation of undifferentiated stem cells.” These authors were however careful to point out that gaps exist in our knowledge and particularly so with regard to the potential of mature oligodendrocytes to reform myelin having once divested themselves of it. This chapter will consider experiments designed to explore these gaps.
Differential of α-MSH and β-endorphin in the intermediate pituitary of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta

Abstract Steady-state analyses of the intermediate pituitary of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta , indicated that α-MSH-sized immunoreactive forms and β-endorphin-sized immunoreactive forms are major end products of melanotropic cells. Three forms of α-MSH-related immunoreactivity were detected. The two major forms had the same reversed-phase HPLC properties as synthetic N,O- diacetyl-ACTH (1–13)- NH 2 and N- acetyl-ACTH (1–13)- NH 2 . These forms accounted for 97% of the total α-MSH-related immunoreactivity detected. A minor peak of ACTH(1–13)-NH 2 was also detected. Multiple forms of β-endorphin-related immunoreactivity were detected, which varied in net positive charge (+1 to +5), apparent molecular weight (2.4 to 3.5 kDa), and degree of N- terminal acetylation. Although N- acetylated forms of β-endorphin were detected in the turtle intermediate pituitary, the major forms of turtle β-endorphin were nonacetylated. These features of the turtle intermediate pituitary POMC-specific N- acetylation mechanism are similar to, yet distinct from, the POMC N- acetylation mechanisms observed for mammals. These data suggest that POMC-specific N- acetylation mechanisms were present in reptiles prior to the divergence of the anapsid and synapsid lines.
An evaluation of the teratogenicity of certain antinauseant drugs

In a large, prospective, observational study of pregnancy and child development, the antinauseant drugs prescribed to gravides for nausea and vomiting in the first 84 days of pregnancy were evaluated for their teratogenic potential. The severe congenital anomaly rates per 100 liveborn children and ther perinatal death rates of this group did not differ from the rates of the group with untreated nausea and vomiting. There was no indication that the phenothiazine derivatives, specifically the prochlorperazine derivative, as well as meclizine, cylizine, and Bendectin were associated with teratogenicity. The trimethobenzamide drug gave a slight suggestion of an excess of severe congenital anomalies.