cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DO TEOR DE FORMALDEÍDO LIVRE EM ALISANTES CAPILARES

O formol e um ingrediente comum utilizado em alisantes capilares. Cabelereiros estao expostos ao perigo deste produto quimico, por seu uso indevido e elevada concentracao nas escovas progressivas. Atraves da analise qualitativa e quantitativa este estudo tem como objetivo identificar os teores de formaldeido livre em seis amostras de produtos capilares de quatro empresas diferentes, utilizando o reagente de Schiff e por titulacao. Dos seis produtos analisados cinco apresentaram indicios de formaldeido acima do numero permitido conforme resolucao No 29 da ANVISA, na qual somente uma amostra apresentava o formol descrito no rotulo, ficando evidente a importância da avaliacao e conhecimento do produto nos saloes de beleza antes da aplicacao, tanto para o profissional como para o usuario.
Cardiac Findings In Patients With 1p36 Gene Deletion Syndrome

Background/Purpose: Deletions in the 1p36 gene represent one of the most common deletion syndromes. Features include developmental delay, seizures, hearing and vision problems, feeding difficulties and anomalies affecting multiple organ systems. Cardiac findings include congenital heart defects and cardiomyopathy. Specifically, left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy has been described in some patients with 1p36 gene deletion. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is characterized by excessive, prominent trabeculations in the left ventricle and leads to arrhythmia, left ventricular dysfunction and emboli. We sought to outline cardiac findings in patients with diagnosed 1p36 gene deletion. …
Overwhelming Infections in Pediatric Critical Care

Critically ill children with infection require the timely institution of the appropriate antimicrobial medications based on the most likely pathogens. Sepsis is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening bloodstream infection. Recognizing its early clinical manifestations, understanding its epidemiology, and instituting the appropriate antimicrobials in a timely manner hold the potential to improve outcomes. Toxic shock syndrome, endocarditis, and Lemierre syndrome represent other infections that may compromise hemodynamics and result in critical illness. Children with necrotizing fasciitis often present critically ill and require emergent surgical debridement. Central nervous infections including bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, and ventricular shunt infections are also commonly encountered in the pediatric intensive care unit and may be associated with a significant risk of death and substantial morbidity. Pneumonia and other pulmonary infections may be caused by a variety of pathogens. Empyema is an established complication of infectious pneumonia that often requires urgent evaluation and drainage in children with worsening respiratory and/or cardiovascular status. Although the specific pathogen and the site of infection (e.g., bloodstream, brain, lungs) clearly influence the severity of illness, the ability of the host to respond to an infection is also important. For example, immunocompromised children including those with malignancy and recipients of organ and hematopoietic cell transplants are not only at increased risk for infection but also for worse outcomes. Finally, there are a few relatively less common and travel-related infections such as rickettsial disease, viral hemorrhagic fevers, malaria, and tuberculosis that are relevant to the practice of pediatric critical care medicine.
Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for Community College Students (BASICCS): Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of web-conferencing BASICCS and supporting automated text messages.

Objective: The Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS; Dimeff et al., 1999) is an evidence-based approach to reduce high-risk drinking and associated harms; however, implementation may present challenges for community colleges (CCs) that have limited budgets and mostly non-residential students. We examined feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of BASICS for CC students (BASICCS) delivered remotely via web-conferencing with supporting automated text messages. Method: Participants included 142 CC students who reported exceeding National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA's) weekly low-risk drinking recommendations and/or heavy episodic drinking (HED). Participants were randomized to BASICCS or assessment-only control (AOC) and completed 1- and 3-month follow-up assessments. Results: Most students liked the personalized information in the program and found the web-conferencing platform useful, however intervention completion rate was 56%. Significant differences were found between BASICCS and AOC. At 1-month, individuals in BASICCS had 33% fewer alcohol consequences than those in AOC. At 3-month follow-up, individuals in BASICCS had lower estimated peak blood alcohol concentration, 29% fewer drinks per week, 62% fewer episodes of HED, and 24% fewer consequences than those in AOC. Conclusions: BASICCS showed evidence of being acceptable and the technology proved feasible, although the intervention completion rate in the non-treatment-seeking volunteer sample was modest. Preliminary evidence does suggest BASICCS shows promise in reducing alcohol use and consequences. Technology-based platforms could be a viable prevention solution for CC students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Creating a sustainable pediatric diabetes transition program.

Abstract Background and problem A health care transition focused quality improvement project was implemented in a large urban pediatric endocrinology clinic to evaluate the effectiveness of the administration of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) by identifying barriers to implementation and creating a more sustainable format. Methods and intervention A pre- and post-intervention evaluation design was used in this quality improvement project. A twelve-month chart review of pediatric endocrine clinic patients diagnosed with diabetes who were 14 years of age or older and met eligibility criteria was conducted. Patients given the TRAQ tool were identified and assessed for documentation of goals and goal achievement. Discussions regarding the implementation of the TRAQ tool were conducted with clinic staff to identify process barriers and develop solutions. A post-implementation twelve-month review was conducted to evaluate for improved documentation and achievement of transition focused goals. Results Several barriers were identified that minimized the effectiveness of the TRAQ tool including lack of staff trained to assist with insulin pump and meter downloads and proximity of diabetes software. Additional staff were trained, and software was relocated to a more centrally located area with greater staff accessibility to allow for discussion of transition goals with patient and family. The new process resulted in a 100% increase in documentation of transition goals and met goals (p ≤0.001). Conclusions The TRAQ tool is valuable for directing transition needs if implementation barriers such as staff training and accessibility to software are monitored and addressed. Frequent evaluation of the administration of the TRAQ tool protocol in the clinic setting is recommended in order to support pediatric patients' successful transition to adult care.
Large eddy simulation of passive scalar transport in a high Schmidt number turbulent incompressible wake with experimental validation

Abstract Large eddy simulation of the passive scalar transport in a high Schmidt number turbulent confined wake flow has been performed. The results are evaluated by comparison to particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) data, including point-wise data as well as spatial correlations. In the LES simulations, the gradient diffusion hypothesis is used to close the transport equation for the passive scalar. Different discretization schemes are investigated in order to determine the best choice for ensuring boundedness of the passive scalar and to accurately predict the mixing rate. The simulation results compare well to experimental data, demonstrating that the transport mechanisms in this high Schmidt number turbulent flow are well predicted by the LES method. Two-point spatial correlations of passive scalar with velocity predicted by the simulation show good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the turbulent coherent structures of the flow are reproduced by the simulation.
La vida en la corte maya

Los cortesanos en la sociedad maya del Clasico fueron a la vez los miembros del hogar extendido del gobernante, administradores de la entidad politica, productores de objetos valiosos y actores en ceremonias. Las residencias de la familia real y los cortesanos fueron protagonistas importantes de esas actividades.
Mn(V)(O) versus Cr(V)(O) Porphyrinoid Complexes: Structural Characterization and Implications for Basicity Controlling H-Atom Abstraction

Isomorphous crystals of Mn(V)(O) and Cr(V)(O) corrolazines were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Reactivity studies with H atom donors and separated PCET reagents show a dramatic difference in H atom abstracting abilities for these two complexes. The implied large difference in driving force is opposite the trend in redox potentials, indicating that basicity is a key factor in determining the striking difference in reactivity for two metal-oxo species in identical ligand environments.
Anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody ameliorates gut barrier dysfunction and improves survival after hemorrhagic shock.

Intestinal barrier dysfunction occurs following hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R). High-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) has been shown to increase the permeability of Caco-2 human enterocyte-like epithelial monolayers in vitro. In this study, we found that serum concentrations of HMGB1 were higher in blood samples obtained from 25 trauma victims with hemorrhagic shock than in 9 normal volunteers. We also studied whether treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody can ameliorate HS/R-induced gut barrier dysfunction in mice. Animals were shocked by withdrawal of blood to maintain mean arterial pressure at 25 to 30 mmHg for 2 h. After resuscitation with shed blood plus Ringer’s lactate solution, the mice were treated with either anti-HMGB1 antibody or nonimmune rabbit IgG. Serum HMGB1 concentrations were significantly higher in trauma victims than control mice. Treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody improved survival at 24 h and ameliorated the development of ileal mucosal hyperpermeability to FITC-labeled dextran. At 24 h after HS/R, treatment with anti-HMGB1 antibody decreased bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and was associated with lower circulating concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10. These data support the notion that HMGB1 is a mediator of HS/R-induced gut barrier dysfunction and suggest that anti-HMGB1 antibodies warrant further evaluation as a therapeutic to ameliorate the morbidity of HS/R in trauma patients.
Abstract 925: Single nucleotide polypmorphisms in the estrogen receptor gene as a determining factor in Tamoxifen-treated ovarian cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas (EOC) frequently present as late stage malignancies. Because of this lengthy, clinically silent period, a significant number of mutations may accumulate with each emerging clonal population. After surgical removal and chemotherapy, recurrent disease may still occur. Opting for hormonal therapy is a treatment consideration for those patients who have asymptomatic recurrence or, if they are not tolerating treatment well, may require a break from chemotherapy. However, because of the aggressive nature of EOC, hormonal treatment should be administered only if it will provide some efficacious benefit. The active metabolite of Tamoxifen (OH-tamoxifen) can function as a hormonal antagonistic agent to estrogen driven EOCs. However, single nucleotide variations and/or mutations in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene may negatively affect the ability of OH-tamoxifen to bind and effect its desired action, resulting in wasted time and treatment. Identification of nucleotide variants/ mutations in the ESR1 LBD may be of clinical importance by identifying patients with EOC who may be better suited for treatment with other agents. In this study we identified twelve cases of ESR1(+) EOC in which the treating clinician had requested immunohistochemical confirmation of ESR1 expression. Four separate primer pairs were designed to encompass the amino acids responsible for OH-tamoxifen binding identified from a previous crystallography study. These same regions responsible for binding OH-tamoxifen were also queried in the dbSNP database for nucleotide variations. Representative tissue blocks with >80% tumor content were selected from each case. DNA was extracted from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections and subjected to the polymerase chain reaction creating 48 different samples. The resulting amplicons were purified and sequenced, followed by basic local alignment analysis to the most recent NCBI homo sapien gene annotation for the ESR1 gene. No variants were identified in the dbSNP database for the regions of interest. Our results found only one silent nucleotide variation which was located in exon 10. Prior to this study the justification for using tamoxifen in EOC was empiric. Our results indicate that the absence of nucleotide variations in the critical ESR1 LBD for OH-tamoxifen provide scientific evidence and support for its’ continued usage as an optional treatment modality in ESR1(+)EOC. Citation Format: Wilfrido Mojica, Paul Mojica, Don Sykes. Single nucleotide polypmorphisms in the estrogen receptor gene as a determining factor in Tamoxifen-treated ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 925. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-925
Phospholipase C-epsilon links G-protein coupled receptor activation to inflammatory responses in astrocytes (1066.5)

Neuroinflammation underlies many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and the role of astrocytes in this process is increasingly recognized. Thrombin and the lysophospholipids, LPA and S1P ...
Complete reduction of tellurite to pure tellurium metal by microorganisms.

Tucker, Fayne L. (University of Southern California, Los Angeles), John F. Walper, Milo Don Appleman, and Jerry Donohue. Complete reduction of tellurite to pure tellurium metal by microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 83:1313–1314. 1962—The black precipitate produced in the presence of potassium tellurite by growing cells of Streptococcus faecalis N83 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae was shown, by X-ray diffraction analysis, to consist of metallic tellurium. The metal was not complexed, to any significant degree, with any organic material.
Requirements for B-ISDN signalling — broadband services

The broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) is being tailored to become the universal (standardised) future netowrk, and will be capable of supporting a wide range of multimedia, multi-party applications. It is based upon the same principles as its narrowband predecessor and hence can be regarded as a natural extension of it. However, the move away from constant bit rate circuit switching towards the use of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology has provided much needed flexibility, especially in terms of the connection bandwidths and quality of service available to the user. This paper briefly describes the network capabilities that B-ISDN should support and how they have been derived from a representative sample of user applications principally proposed by ITU-T/ETSI and Digital Audio-Visual Council (DAVIC). The identification of the required network capabilities is the first step towards the specification of signalling protocols for the B-ISDN which must be flexible enough to support the wide range of current and future advanced applications and services. One such potential future B-ISDN application, which demonstrates the range of signalling functionality required, is the ‘Travel Agent Service‘ which is treated in detail.
The Rise of Plants and Their Effect on Weathering and Atmospheric CO2

The appearance of rooted plants during the Devonian period (400 to 360 million years ago) probably had a dramatic effect on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and weathering of rock. As discussed in the Perspective by Berner, results presented in the same issue by Retallack (p. 583) show that well differentiated forest soils had developed by the Devonian, coinciding with a drop in carbon dioxide levels as deep-rooted vascular plants spread to upland areas.
Finite Element Model of Fracture Flow

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses finite element model of fracture flow. The first attempts to model flow in fractures assumed laminar flow, with fracture walls represented by flat, parallel plates. This simplification is motivated by the fact that it resembles a fracture, and that an analytic solution is known. As with most natural processes, fracture geometries are complex. It is obvious that the simplifying assumptions necessary to allow derivation of an analytical solution do not truly represent the hydraulic conditions present in the rock fracture. Fracture walls are not smooth; they have associated roughness, similar to that defined in pipe flow, which impedes flow through the fracture. Neglecting roughness, fracture separation is variable, both perpendicular and parallel to flow, making it necessary to determine which aperture to use in calculations. This chapter examines fracture variation in the direction of flow. Non-parallel fracture wall characteristics can be described as a small rate of change in aperture variation.
Secretory and Endocytic Pathways Converge in a Dynamic Endosomal System in a Primitive Protozoan

Leishmania are a group of primitive eukaryotic trypanosomatid protozoa that are apically polarized with a flagellum at their anterior end. Surrounding the base of the flagellum is the flagellar reservoir that constitutes the site for endocytosis and exocytosis in these organisms. In the present study, we define a novel multivesicular tubular compartment involved in the intracellular trafficking of macromolecules in Leishmania. This dynamic structure appears to subtend the flagellar reservoir and extends towards the posterior end of the cell. Functional domains of several surface-expressed proteins, such as the gp63 glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol anchor and the 3′nucleotidase/nuclease transmembrane domain were fused to green fluorescent protein. These chimeric proteins were found to traffic through the secretory pathway and, while reaching their intended destinations, also accumulated within the intracellular tubular compartment. Using various compounds that are efficient fluid-phase markers used to track endocytosis in higher eukaryotes, we showed that this tubular compartment constitutes an important station in the endocytic pathway of these cells. Based on our functional observations of its role in the trafficking of expressed proteins and endocytosed markers, this compartment appears to have properties similar to endosomes of higher eukaryotes.
Residential Integration on the New Frontier: Immigrant Segregation in Established and New Destinations

This article explores patterns and determinants of immigrant segregation for 10 immigrant groups in established, new, and minor destination areas. Using a group-specific typology of metropolitan destinations, this study finds that without controls for immigrant-group and metropolitan-level characteristics, immigrants in new destinations are more segregated and immigrants in minor destinations considerably more segregated than their counterparts in established destinations. Neither controls for immigrant-group acculturation or socioeconomic status nor those for demographic, housing, and economic features of metropolitan areas can fully account for the heightened levels of segregation observed in new and minor destinations. Overall, the results offer support for arguments that a diverse set of immigrant groups face challenges to residential incorporation in the new areas of settlement.
Superposition of Longitudinal and Plane Flows of a Non-Newtonian Fluid between Eccentric Cylinders

Results obtained in previous papers on the flow of an incompressible non- Newtonian fluid, satisfying the second-order Rivlin—Ericksen constitutive equation, in the annular region between infinite circular cylinders with parallel axes, which results from the longitudinal steady motion of the inner cylinder, or the existence of a longitudinal pressure gradient, or the steady rotation of the cylinders about their axes, are used to calculate the effect on the forces exerted by the fluid on the cylinders when certain of these flows are superposed. As an asymptotic case, the forces exerted by the fluid on an infinite cylinder immersed in a half-space of the fluid bounded by a plane rigid wall are obtained when the cylinder moves parallel to the wall with a constant velocity inclined at an arbitrary angle to its length.
The Right of Return: Chinese displaced persons and the International Refugee Organization, 1947–56

This article examines the rise of the international refugee regime in Asia, focusing on the work of the International Refugee Organization in repatriating overseas Chinese from mainland China back to their homes in Southeast Asia from 1947 to 1956. It looks both at how the International Refugee Organization inherited this repatriation project from its predecessor—the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration—and its survival after a civil war installed a new, Communist government on the Chinese mainland. Doing so reveals the extent to which both Chinese governments had to rely on outside assistance to fulfil an important task of maintaining positive ties between Chinese abroad and the homeland. Using research from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs archives in Beijing and Taipei, as well as records from relevant parties in the British and American governments, this article places the repatriation programme and the larger efforts of the International Refugee Organization in Asia in a broader context of regional foreign relations and the origins of the Cold War.
Influence of Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Metals on Hot Cracking Susceptibility of High Chromium Nickel-Base Filler Metals

Alloy 690 is a 30 wt% chromium base metal with excellent resistance to PWSCC. Alloy 52M (ERNiCr-7A) is weld filler metal that closely matches the composition of Alloy 690 and also exhibits excellent resistance to PWSCC [1]. Alloy 52M is currently used for new nuclear component fabrication and for repair and mitigation of PWSCC in operating nuclear power plants. Unfortunately, industry experience and laboratory testing has shown that Alloy 52M is susceptible to hot cracking when welding over some austenitic stainless steel base material compositions. Currently there is no clear understanding of the specific composition levels that increase the susceptibility to hot cracking. This paper summarizes preliminary results of an EPRI study on hot cracking susceptibility Alloy 52M when welded on a range of austenitic stainless steel samples [2]. The focus of the EPRI study was to identify high risk base metals with compositions that promote hot cracking and provide counter measures to mitigate or lessen the propensity for hot cracking.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Design and Synthesis of a Novel Triptycene-Based Ligand for Modeling Carboxylate-Bridged Diiron Enzyme Active Sites

A novel triptycene-based ligand with a preorganized framework was designed to model carboxylate-bridged diiron active sites in bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (BMM) hydroxylase enzymes. The synthesis of the bis(benzoxazole)-appended ligand L1 depicted was accomplished in 11 steps. Reaction of L1 with iron(II) triflate and a carboxylate source afforded the desired diiron(II) complex [Fe2L1(μ-OH)(μ-O2CArTol)(OTf)2].
The Enigma of Existence

Why is there a universe rather than nothing? And if there is a universe did it have to burst into being through the Big Bang? And if so, will the answer to the question what caused the Big Bang? eventually be discovered, or will it remain a mystery for ever? Or is there nothing mysterious about it at all? Is the suggestion that the Big Bang was a result of a divine act simply false, or devoid of meaning? The main argument of this essay is that a considerable amount of clarity will be achieved if we realise the radical difference between the kinds of hypothesis that are legitimate to account for events whithin the universe and events accounting for the very existence of the universe
Associations between grab sample and integrated radon measurements in dwellings in Maine and Texas

Abstract Radon concentrations were measured in several locations in each of approximately 100 dwellings in central Maine and in Houston, TX. Integrated samples were taken during the heating (or cooling) seasons with commercially available passive alpha track devices, while grab samples were taken at the time of integrated sampler deployment. It was found that both indoor and outdoor measurements in both areas were distributed log normally, and that the geometric mean of indoor measurements in Maine was three times higher than that of corresponding measurements in the Houston area. It was also noted that the mean of the indoor grab sample measurements was not significantly different from the mean of the indoor integrated measurements, and that the degree of correlation between the grab samples and a given indoor integrated sample was nearly as good as between integrated samples taken at different living area locations.
Mapping Serum Albumin Adducts of the Food-Borne Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine by Data-Dependent Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a heterocyclic aromatic amine that is formed during the cooking of meats. PhIP is a potential human carcinogen: it undergoes metabolic activation to form electrophilic metabolites that bind to DNA and proteins, including serum albumin (SA). The structures of PhIP-SA adducts formed in vivo are unknown and require elucidation before PhIP protein adducts can be implemented as biomarkers in human studies. We previously examined the reaction of genotoxic N-oxidized metabolites of PhIP with human SA in vitro and identified covalent adducts formed at cysteine34 (Cys34); however, other adduction products were thought to occur. We have now identified adducts of PhIP formed at multiple sites of SA reacted with isotopic mixtures of electrophilic metabolites of PhIP and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-[2H5]-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ([2H5]-PhIP). The metabolites used for study were 2-nitro-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (NO2-PhIP), 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phe...
Individual differences and weight bias: Do people with an anti-fat bias have a pro-thin bias?

While levels of weight bias vary among individuals, it is not clear why one person possesses stronger anti-fat attitudes than another person. This investigation examined whether individual differences commonly associated with greater anti-fat bias are also associated with a greater preference for thinness among people of varying levels of weight. Young adults (62% women; 84% Caucasian) recruited from psychology classes (N = 308) rated four male and female figures with approximate BMIs of 18.5, 25, 30, and 40, on measures of dislike and personality characteristics and completed measures assessing weight controllability, attitudes toward the obese, and perceptual reliance. Greater negative attitudes, weight controllability beliefs, and perceptual reliance were positively associated with greater dislike and negative personality attributes among obese/severely obese figures, but inversely related among low normal weight figures. Individuals who judge others based on physical features or who view obesity as controllable evidence greater weight bias and a stronger preference for thin body types.
Formation of organic tracers for isoprene SOA under acidic conditions

Abstract The chemical compositions of a series of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) samples, formed by irradiating mixtures of isoprene and NO in a smog chamber in the absence or presence of acidic aerosols, were analyzed using derivatization-based GC–MS methods. In addition to the known isoprene photooxidation products 2-methylglyceric acid, 2-methylthreitol, and 2-methylerythritol, three other peaks of note were detected: one of these was consistent with a silylated-derivative of sulfuric acid, while the remaining two were other oxidized organic compounds detected only when acidic aerosol was present. These two oxidation products were also detected in field samples, and their presence was found to be dependent on both the apparent degree of aerosol acidity as well as the availability of isoprene aerosol. The average concentrations of the sum of these two compounds in the ambient PM2.5 samples ranged from below the GC–MS detection limit during periods when the isoprene emission rate or apparent acidity were low to approximately 200 ng m−3 (calibrations being based on a surrogate compound) during periods of high isoprene emissions. These compounds presently unidentified have the potential to serve as organic tracers of isoprene SOA formed exclusively in the presence of acidic aerosol and may also be useful in assessments in determining the importance and impact of aerosol acidity on ambient SOA formation.
Stochastic methods in population forecasting

Abstract This paper presents a stochastic version of the demographic cohort-component method of forecasting future population. In this model the sizes of future age-sex groups are non-linear functions of random future vital rates. An approximation to their joint distribution can be obtained using linear approximations or simulation. A stochastic formulation points to the need for new empirical work on both the autocorrelations and the cross-correlations of the vital rates. Problems of forecasting declining mortality and fluctuating fertility are contrasted. A volatility measure for fertility is presented. The model can be used to calculate approximate prediction intervals for births using data from deterministic cohort-component forecasts. The paper compares the use of expert opinion in mortality forecasting with simple extrapolation techniques to see how useful each approach has been in the past. Data from the United States suggest that expert opinion may have caused systematic bias in the forecasts.
The influence of long range order on fatigue crack initiation in an FeCoV intermetallic compound

A detailed analysis of both surface and subsurface damage accumulation in polycrystalline FeCo-2 vol pct is presented, and the observations are compared to those made on another ordered intermetallic, Ni3Al. Warm worked rods of FeCo-2-percent V were obtained from a commercial source. The alloy was annealed at 1000 C, and water quenched to produce the disordered condition. Ordering was accomplished by slow cooling to 25 C. The critical temperature for long-range order is 720 C. Cycling under strain control in air resulted in improved fatigue lives when samples were tested in the ordered condition. Cycling in a vacuum produced a small improvement in fatigue lives in both the ordered and disordered conditions. A distinct difference in cyclic hardening was noted between ordered and disordered FeCo-V. Hardening was more rapid in the ordered condition. TEM revealed that disordered material contained only unit dislocations, while ordered specimens contained superlattice dislocations. 9 refs.
Fast, Easy, and Publication-Quality Ecological Analyses with PC-ORD

The recent version 6 release of the software PC-ORD Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data (MjM Software 〈www.pcord.com〉) earns a solid A grade for ease of use, comprehensiveness of analysis tools, and excellent graphing capabilities. New features in version 6 include the addition of several analysis tools (PCoA, RDA, SumF), the enhancement of others (partial Mantel test, orthogonal rotation in NMS), additional graphing features (boxplots, convex hulls) and new options that finally make importing data from Excel easy.
Barbie at 50: maligned but benign?

Objective: Barbie, the toy fashion doll, has been subjected to extensive speculation but little empirical investigation as to whether her thin persona exerts a negative influence on the self-image of young girls. The present study was conducted to examine the impact of childhood Barbie play versus other factors on self-image and dieting behaviors of young women. Method: A survey was completed by 254 undergraduate women that included questions about childhood Barbie play, family characteristics, satisfaction with their own appearance, and eating behaviors. Results: Neither age of acquisition or number of Barbies owned had a significant impact on self-evaluations of appearance or on dieting behavior. The strongest predictor of dieting behavior was the women’s recollection of how much physical appearance was valued by her family of origin members.
Winter Nutrient Pulse and Seagrass Epiphyte Bloom: Evidence of Anthropogenic Enrichment or Natural Fluctuations in the Lower Florida Keys?

Nutrient enrichment continues to disrupt marine ecosystem function worldwide. Assessing eutrophication in seagrass ecosystems such as the Great White Heron National Wildlife Refuge (GWHNWR), Florida Keys is critical for protecting the diverse community that depends on the intertidal and subtidal seagrass beds. We quantified water column nutrients, chlorophyll a, tissue nutrients in macroalgae and Thalassia testudinum, and epiphyte percent cover on seagrasses on tidal flats seasonally over 1 year at three sites: Howe Key, Water Keys, and Upper Harbor Key. Water column nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate–nitrite, ammonium, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus) increased from fall to winter at Water Keys. These increased nutrients coincided with a bloom of the epiphyte Spyridia filamentosa on seagrasses that exceeded 40 % cover at Water Keys and Upper Harbor Key in two consecutive seasons. Seagrasses at all sites had chronic percent cover of small epiphytes exceeding 60 %. Additionally, low δ13C in T. testudinum tissues at Upper Harbor Key compared to the other sites suggested variations in carbon sources across the study area. Spatial patterns in macrophyte nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) ratios point to sources of nutrients from the inhabited islands of the Keys and from the Gulf of Mexico. Water column total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the numeric nutrient criteria for the study area suggesting that the area should be monitored closely.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase Cβ Prevents Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Caused by Hyperglycemia in Humans

The bioavailability of nitric oxide is decreased in animal models and humans with diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, in particular, attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy subjects. In vitro and in vivo animal studies implicate activation of protein kinase Cbeta as an important mechanism whereby hyperglycemia decreases endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Accordingly, this study tested the hypothesis that inhibition of protein kinase Cbeta would prevent impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans exposed to hyperglycemia. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Healthy subjects were treated with an orally active, selective, protein kinase Cbeta inhibitor, LY333531, or matching placebo once a day for 7 days before vascular function testing. Forearm blood flow was measured using venous-occlusion, strain-gauge plethysmography. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured via incremental brachial artery administration of methacholine chloride (0.3 to 10 microg/min) during euglycemia and after 6 hours of hyperglycemic clamp. The forearm blood flow dose-response curve to methacholine was significantly attenuated by hyperglycemia after placebo treatment (P=0.009 by ANOVA, euglycemia versus hyperglycemia) but not after treatment with LY333531. Inhibition of protein kinase Cbeta prevents the reduction in endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by acute hyperglycemia in healthy humans in vivo. These findings suggest that hyperglycemia impairs endothelial function, in part, via protein kinase Cbeta activation.
A simple test to determine the need for occlusal treatment

This report has described simple confirmation tests which show the direct relationship between a patient's occlusal interferences and his neuromuscular or temporomandibular articulation dysfunction. These tests are simple to perform, take only a few minutes, and aid in confirming the need for occlusal therapy.
A communitywide perspective of sex differences and temporal trends in the incidence and survival rates after acute myocardial infarction and out-of-hospital deaths caused by coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of the study was to examine overall differences and temporal trends therein between men and women regarding the incidence rates, in-hospital and long-term survival after initial acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and out-of-hospital deaths caused by coronary disease.METHODS AND RESULTSThis nonconcurrent prospective study was carried out in 16 teaching and community hospitals in Worcester, Mass., in six time periods between 1975 and 1988. A total of 3,148 patients hospitalized with validated initial AMI comprised the study sample. The age-adjusted incidence rates of initial AMI increased between 1975 and 1981 in the two sexes, with a marked decrease thereafter; these rates declined by 26% in men and by 22% in women between 1975 and 1988. The overall unadjusted in-hospital case-fatality rates after initial AMI were significantly higher in women (21.7%) than in men (12.7%). Age- and multivariable-adjusted in-hospital case-fatality rates, however, were not significantly different for men...
Power System State Measurements for Transient Control Augmentation Using Digital Techniques

Any strategy, considered reasonable for the control of transient modes which occur as the result of a major disturbance in a large electric power system, will require fast and reasonably accurate measurements of at least two states per machine, namely, rotor speed deviation and torque angle. Since any control strategy will probably require an on-line digital computer for decision, computation, and execution, minimal computation time for the determination of state is imperative. Such a computer based technique along with the pertinent hardware for implementation is presented in this paper.
Conclusion and Next Steps: The EdTech Collaborative

In this special issue of the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, we report on the results of a multifaceted research study on how to benchmark and use emerging educational technologies. Our approach blended classic research methods with those used in market research studies. We gathered data and expertise from a variety of sources, including academic research articles, industry reports, interviews with leaders and national pacesetters, and the experiences of our own veteran staff. Our objective was to create a means by which decisions about affordances, constraints, and effective use could be made in a just-in-time fashion. We have only scratched the surface.
Raman spectroscopy of bismuth tungstates

The Bi2O3-WO3 system was examined using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of bismuth tungstate samples having Bi: W ratios of 2:1, 4:1 and 14:1 were used to identify the bismuth tungstate phases present at these compositions. The bismuth tungstate phases which occur were found to depend on the Bi: W ratio. The 2:1 composition consists of only the Bi2WO6 phase and the 14:1 composition consists almost entirely of the sillenite phase. The 4:1 composition, however, is multi-phase and consists of Bi2WO6, the sillenite phase, and another phase referred to as 7Bi2O3-2WO3. The Raman spectra were used to determine the coordination of the tungstate species as well as their WO bond lengths in each of these phases.
Near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure studies of chemisorbed hydrocarbons: bond lengths with a ruler

Starting from an established correlation between the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ shape resonance position in nearedge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra and the intramolecular C-C bond length for gas-phase hydrocarbons, we derive a similar relation for chemisorbed molecules. The linear relation obtained allows us to determine the C-C bond length for chemisorbed molecules from near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra with a ruler to an accuracy of 0.04 \AA{}. Examples are given for bonding and bond-length changes of ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ on Pt(111).
Effects of pharmaceutically active compounds on a mixed microbial community originating from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

The growth and composition of microorganisms found in a municipal wastewater treatment plant were investigated in the presence of four pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) [ketoprofen, naproxen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid] in batch reactors at varying organic loadings. Overall, the data suggest that microbial growth inhibition was correlated to organic loading rather than PhAC concentration. Significant inhibition ranging from 34 to 43% was observed under the lowest organic loading for all PhACs other than clofibric acid. No inhibition was observed at the highest organic loading. Higher microbial inhibition was not observed with increased PhAC concentration for a given organic loading. These results indicate that the presence of PhAC may affect microbial growth especially under lower organic loading conditions. Further validation is required with additional PhACs, organic substrates, and a wider loading range. In addition, significant microbial shifts were observed in the presence of ketoprofe...
Aromatization and the induction of male sexual behavior in male, female, and androgenized female hamsters

Abstract Eight weeks after gonadectomy male, female, and androgenized [10 μg testosterone propionate (TP), 24 hr after birth] female hamsters were given daily treatment with: 150 μg dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 μg estradiol benzoate (EB), 150 μg DHT + 5 μg EB, 150 μg DHT + 1 μg EB, 30 μg DHT + 5 μg EB, 30 μg DHT + 1 μg EB, or the oil vehicle. Treatment of castrated male hamsters with 5 μg EB fully restored mounting but relatively few of these animals intromitted and none ejaculated. Treatment with 150 μg DHT restored all components of male sexual behavior but only in a small proportion of the males. Combined treatment with EB and DHT restored mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations in the majority of the males. Although as little as 30 μg DHT + 1 μg EB restored the full complement of male behavior, the males which received 150 μg DHT + 5 μg EB or 150 μg DHT + 1 μg EB required fewer intromissions to achieve ejaculation than the males which received 30 μg DHT + either dose of EB. The response of the androgenized females was similar to that of the males except that the androgenized females had lower intromission rates and none ejaculated. Relatively few of the nonandrogenized females responded to EB and DHT treatment and those that did mounted only a few times each test. These results demonstrate that both EB and DHT can stimulate male sexual behavior in the hamster and that the sensitivity to EB and DHT for copulatory behavior is determined by early postnatal androgen exposure.
Calculation of Standard Transformed Entropies of Formation of Biochemical Reactants and Group Contributions at Specified pH

When the pH is specified, the criterion for spontaneous change and equilibrium is stated in terms of the transformed Gibbs energy G‘ that is defined by a Legendre transform introducing pH as an intensive variable. The change in the standard transformed Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG‘° gives the apparent equilibrium constant K‘, and the standard transformed enthalpy ΔrH‘° gives the temperature coefficient of K‘. The corresponding standard transformed entropy of reaction ΔrS‘° is less often discussed but is often easier to interpret in terms of structure. The standard transformed entropies of formation of 44 biochemical reactants are calculated at 298.15 K, 1 bar, pH 7, and ionic strengths of 0, 0.10, and 0.25 M from values of the standard Gibbs energies of formation ΔfG° and standard enthalpies of formation ΔfH° of the species involved. These values are used to calculate ΔrS‘° for 19 biochemical reactions to illustrate the role that entropy plays in these reactions. ΔfS‘° values for biochemical reactants at ...
Abstract 2130: Small molecule activation of diaphanous-related formins as a novel anti-cancer strategy.

Formin-based cytoskeletal remodeling contributes to structural rearrangements that support an array of cellular demands, including chemotaxis and cell division. The Diaphanous formin family is managed in cells by Rho small GTP-binding proteins. Rho-GTP binding to the formin interferes with the intramolecular interaction between the Dia-inhibitory and -autoregulatory (DID & DAD) domains that flank the critical formin homology-2 (FH2) domain. The FH2 domain can then interact with microtubules to stabilize microtubule dynamics and loosely associate with barbed ends of polymeric actin filaments to add actin monomers. As a consequence of monomer consumption into filaments, formins also activate the MAL/MRTF-SRF transcription factor axis. DAD-derived peptides can activate formins in cells by interrupting the DID-DAD autoregulatory mechanism. We screened for drug-like small molecules with in vitro, cellular, and in vivo activities that could mimic the impact of DAD peptides. Two chemically similar molecules, called the Intramimics (IMMs) were identified. Both molecules (IMM-01 and -02) blocked DID-DAD binding in vitro, induced actin/microtubule stabilization in cells, activated SRF, and impaired cell-cycle progression. The IMMs each reduced xenograft tumor growth in mice. Due to their novel activity on formins, the IMMs represent an innovative therapeutic strategy for the study and treatment of diseases impacted by defects in cell structure, including autism, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. Citation Format: Leanne L. Lash, Arthur S. Alberts. Small molecule activation of diaphanous-related formins as a novel anti-cancer strategy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2130
A Human Cellular Protein Activity (OF-1), Which Binds Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Origin, Contains the Ku70/Ku80 Heterodimer

In an effort to identify host proteins involved in herpes simplex virus type 1 replication, monkey and human cellular protein activities (called OF-1) that bind the viral replication origin, oriS, have been described. We show by mass spectrometry that the DNA-binding component of human OF-1 contains Ku70 and Ku80 proteins.
Stability Analysis and Controller Design for Polymer Sheet Extrusion

Dimensional stability of thin extruded polymer sheets is analyzed as a function of draw ratio. It is assumed that the sheet keeps its rectangular cross section between the flat die and the chill roll and the flow is Newtonian. Through the analysis of linearized equations, it is shown that the sheet becomes unstable beyond a critical draw ratio as observed in experimental studies. The nonlinear model of sheet dynamics is then analyzed using the singular perturbation analysis to confirm the existence of a stable limit cycle. A feedback controller is designed to stabilize the sheet dynamics for draw ratios greater than the critical draw ratio.