cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey and Evaluation of Pre-FALCPA Labeling Practices Used by Food Manufacturers to Address Allergen Concerns

The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA) (Pub. L. 108-282) took effect on January 1, 2006. The goal of this law is to ensure that foods that contain a major food allergen (defined by the law as milk, egg, finfish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, and soybeans) or a derivative of these allergens (with certain exceptions) disclose the presence of the allergen on the product label using the “common or usual name” of the allergen source, so as to make it recognizable to the consumer. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports that 6% to 8% of children and up to 2% of adults in America suffer from food-related allergic reactions that can range from mild itching to the more severe and sometimes fatal condition of anaphylaxis
THE RECTIFIABLE METRIC ON THE SPACE OF PROJECTIONS IN A C*-ALGEBRA

Let A be a C*-algebra, and let P(A) be the set of projections in A. If p, q∈P(A) are in the same path component, then their rectifiable distance is the infimum of the lengths of rectifiable paths in P(A) from p to q. We investigate the number cpl(A), defined to be the supremum of the rectifiable diameters of the path components of P(A). It is an analog for projections of Ringrose’s C* exponential length cel(A), and is also more directly related to it; for example, we show that cpl(A)≤cel(A) for unital A. We give upper bounds for cpl(A) for most of the classes of algebras for which the C* exponential length and rank have been studied so far; our results are often stronger or more general than the corresponding results for C* exponential length and rank. We also introduce the quantity cpr(A), which is essentially determined by cpl(A) and which, unlike cpl(A), generalizes to give an interesting invariant bpr(A) for Banach algebras A. For a C*-algebra A, we prove that cpr(A)/3≤bpr(A)≤cpr(A)+1.
TELECOMMUTING: STRESS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

Occupational stress and social support were measured in adults, 15 working as telecommuters, 9 working at home, and 14 working in a company office. Analysis showed telecommuters and office workers perceived more support than those working at home. Telecommuters also reported less stress and a stronger preference for this new work option.
Designing effective supports for causal reasoning

Causal reasoning represents one of the most basic and important cognitive processes that underpin all higher-order activities, such as conceptual understanding and problem solving. Hume called causality the “cement of the universe” [Hume (1739/2000). Causal reasoning is required for making predictions, drawing implications and inferences, and explaining phenomena. Causal relations are usually more complex than learners understand. In order to be able to understand and apply causal relationships, learners must be able to articulate numerous covariational attributes of causal relationships, including direction, valency, probability, duration, responsiveness, as well as mechanistic attributes, including process, conjunctions/disjunctions, and necessity/sufficiency. We describe different methods for supporting causal learning, including influence diagrams, simulations, questions, and different causal modeling tools, including expert systems, systems dynamics tools, and causal modeling tools. Extensive research is needed to validate and contrast these methods for supporting causal reasoning.
Detection of (2′–5′)oligoadenylate binding proteins by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and affinity blotting onto nitrocellulose☆

A latent endoribonuclease, RNase L, binds to and is activated by (2'-5')oligoadenylates ((2'-5')(A)n, n = 2-15). Binding to a labeled derivative of (2'-5')(A)n, [32P](2'-5')(A)3pCp, is detected as a protein-ligand complex observed following nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One major binding complex and two minor binding complexes are readily seen in cytoplasmic extracts from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, murine tissue extracts and rabbit liver tissue extracts. At least one of the more rapidly migrating complexes appears to be a proteolytic degradation product of the larger [32P](2'-5')(A)3pCp binding protein. Cell and tissue extracts containing [32P](2'-5')(A)3pCp binding activity can be immobilized onto nitrocellulose filters and [32P](2'-5')(A)3pCp binding activity detected using a simple, rapid, economical affinity blot assay. Detection of [32P](2'-5')(A)3pCp binding proteins following electrophoresis on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels and the affinity blot assay significantly improve and simplify the analysis of (2'-5')(A)n binding proteins.
Abstract 3750: Body mass index and obesity- and diabetes-associated genotypes and risk for pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Background: There is accumulating evidence that obesity and diabetes are modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer. However, the genetic factors predispose individuals with obesity or diabetes to pancreatic cancer has not been identified. Aims: To investigate the hypothesis that obesity- and diabetes-related genes modify the risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), nuclear receptor family 5 member 2 NR5A2 (aka liver receptor homolog 1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in 1,070 patients with pancreatic cancer and 1,175 cancer-free controls that are enrolled in a case control study conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Center during 2000-2008. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview. Genotypes were determined using the Taqman method. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Results: The PPARγ P12A (rs1801282) GG genotype was inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (AOR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.07−0.62). Three NR5A2 variants (rs12029406, rs3790844 and rs3790843) that were previously identified in a genome-wide association study were significantly associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, AORs ranging 0.57-0.79. Two FTO gene variants (rs8050136 and rs9939609) and one ADIPOQ variant (rs17366743) were differentially associated with pancreatic cancer according to levels of body mass index (BMI) (P interaction = 0.0001, 0.0015, and 0.03). The variant alleles were associated reduced risk of pancreatic cancer among individuals with normal weight but increased risk among those with excess body weight. For example, the AOR (95%CI) for FTO IVS1-2777 AC/AA genotype (rs8050136) was 0.72 (0.55-0.96) and 1.54 (1.14-2.09) in participants with a BMI <25 or ≥ 25 kg/m2, respectively. We observed no significant association between AMPK genotype and pancreatic cancer and no genotype interactions with diabetes or smoking. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a protective effect of PPARγ P12A GG genotype and NR5A2 variants on pancreatic cancer. A positive association of FTO and ADIPOQ gene variants with pancreatic cancer may be limited to persons who are overweight. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3750
Infection control recommendations for patients with cystic fibrosis: microbiology, important pathogens, and infection control practices to prevent patient-to-patient transmission.

Infection Control Recommendations for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: Microbiology, Important Pathogens, and Infection Control Practices to Prevent Patient-to-Patient Transmission updates, expands, and replaces the consensus statement, Microbiology and Infectious Disease in Cystic Fibrosis published in 1994. This consensus document presents background data and evidence-based recommendations for practices that are intended to decrease the risk of transmission of respiratory pathogens among CF patients from contaminated respiratory therapy equipment or the contaminated environment and thereby reduce the burden of respiratory illness. Included are recommendations applicable in the acute care hospital, ambulatory, home care, and selected non-healthcare settings. The target audience includes all healthcare workers who provide care to CF patients. Antimicrobial management is beyond the scope of this document.
CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? JEAN‐JACQUES ROUSSEAU ON LISTENING EDUCATION

In this essay Megan J. Laverty argues that Jean-Jacques Rousseau's conception of humane communication and his proposal for teaching it have implications for our understanding of the role of listening in education. She develops this argument through a close reading of Rousseau's most substantial work on education, Emile: Or, On Education. Laverty elucidates Rousseau's philosophy of communication, beginning with his taxonomy of the three voices—articulate, melodic, and accentuated—illustrating the ways in which they both enhance and obfuscate understanding. Next, Laverty provides an account of Rousseau's philosophical psychology, with specific reference to amour-propre and amour de soi. Listening plays a central role in Rousseau's philosophy of communication, Laverty maintains, because it is in the act of listening that humans fulfill, or fail to fulfill, the imperative that we seek to understand others.
Seasonal changes in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton in small, temperate-zone lakes

Seasonal sampling across two small lakes shows that phytoplankton patchiness is greatly enhanced during winter ice-cover relative to the open-water seasons of exposure to wind stress and rapid turbulent mixing. A fundamental property of plankton populations is their spatial heterogeneity or patchiness. Phytoplankton patchiness can result from spatial variations of biological processes such as growth, grazing, regulated buoyancy and vertical migration (e.g. Reynolds, 1984; Mackas et al., 1985) or from advective transports (George and Edwards, 1976), and it is disrupted by turbulent mixing. These processes are dynamic, so we expect temporal variability of phyto- plankton patchiness to accompany fluctuations in physical and biological processes across a spectrum of time scales. For example, fluctuations in the wind stress across small lakes can produce measurable change in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton, at time scales of: hours, associated with the passage of cold fronts (Stauffer, 1982); days, from the cumulative effects of antecedent wind stress over periods of 1-10 days (Small, 1963); and weeks, associated with events of enhanced vertical mixing from weather systems, which have 10-20 days periodicity (Trimbee and Harris, 1983). These observations demonstrate a dynamic coupling between the input of turbulent kinetic energy from wind and the pattern of phytoplankton spatial distribution, operating at time scales of weeks or less. Can this generality be extended to longer time scales? For example, if phytoplankton spatial patterns are responsive to hourly- daily fluctuations in wind stress, then we might expect very large changes in the distribution of phytoplankton when temperate lakes freeze over and become isolated, for months, from the input of wind energy. To test this hypothesis we mapped phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a concentration) seasonally within two small lakes situated in the glacial terrain of
FROM FLUTTERING WINGS TO FLAPPING FLIGHT: THE ENERGY CONNECTION

A new paradigm is presented for understanding flutter and flapping flight. The framework for the investigation is based on conservation of energy. Energy produced, energy lost and/or work done due to structural vibration, aerodynamic wake, and propulsion are taken into account. It is shown that there exist three types of modes in an aeroelastic system, namely 1) unstable mode producing drag (flutter mode), 2) stable mode producing drag, and 3) stable mode producing thrust (flapping flight mode). The type of mode can be determined from the mode shape for a given reduced frequency. The regions (in the modal vector space) corresponding to the three types of modes are presented for a two-dimensional airfoil. It is shown that the flutter region is separate from the thrust-producing region and the boundaries of these regions are tangential to one another at a common neutral point. The neutral point corresponds to no energy transfer between the energy sources. The efficiency of flapping flight and occurrence of flutter is further investigated. Finally, the possibility of a limit-cycle oscillations due to constant thrust flight is presented.
MELD/PELD: one year later.

Abstract The liver allocation policy in the United States was changed on February 27, 2002, to a continuous scale with almost no weight given to time waiting on the list. This was based on the dissatisfaction with the old categorical system and an understanding that waiting time as not a good discriminator of medical urgency. To assess the effects of this change, liver allocation results for the first 6 months of this new system (February 27, 2002, to August 30, 2002, era 2) with the corresponding 6 month period 1 year earlier (February 27, 2001, to August 30, 2001, era 1) were compared. Fewer registrations on the waiting list, fewer removals from the waiting list because of death or “too sick,” and an increase in the number of cadaveric transplants under the new system were observed. Patients with hepatocellular cancer received additional priority with the new policy and there was a significant increase in the number of candidates transplanted with this diagnosis in era 2. Early posttransplant patient survival has not changed under the new system. Although there are many areas for improvement, which will be addressed in future refinements, the new US liver allocation plan has provided a more objective, patient-specific system to better rank waiting liver transplant candidates.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS AND CLUSTER ALGORITHMS. I. DISCRETE SPIN SYSTEMS

Abstract Graphical representations similar to the FK representation are developed for a variety of spin-systems. In several cases, it is established that these representations have (FKG) monotonicity properties which enables characterization theorems for the uniqueness phase and the low-temperature phase of the spin system. Certain systems with intermediate phases and/or first-order transitions are also described in terms of the percolation properties of the representations. In all cases, these representations lead, in a natural fashion, to Swendsen-Wang-type algorithms. Hence, at least in the above-mentioned instances, these algorithms realize the program described by Kandel and Domany, Phys. Rev. B 43 (1991) 8539–8548. All of the algorithms are shown to satisfy a Li-Sokal bound which (at least for systems with a divergent specific heat) implies critical slowing down. However, the representations also give rise to invaded cluster algorithms which may allow for the rapid simulation of some of these systems at their transition points.
Algorithms for reconstruction of partially known, band-limited Fourier-transform pairs from noisy data

This paper is a summary of more detailed mathematical work by the authors on recovery of partially known Fourier transforms. These problems of inversion of the finite Fourier transform and of phase retrieval are known to be ill posed. We draw a distinction in the resultant ill conditioning of the problems between global ill conditioning (which is due to the existence of multiple exact solutions) and local ill conditioning (which is due to the existence of large neighborhoods of the true solution, all of whose members are indistinguishable from the true solution if the data are noisy). We then develop extensions of known algorithms that attempt to reduce at least the effects of local ill conditioning on numerical solutions by using the idea of filtered singular-value decomposition and present some numerical examples of the use of those algorithms in the context of optical-diffraction theory.
Industrial boiler retrofit for NOX control: Combined selective noncatalytic reduction and selective catalytic reduction

A 590 kw (2 MMBtu/hr), oil-fired, three-pass, fire-tube package boiler was retrofit with a combined selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system and demonstrated 85% nitro gen oxide (NO x ) reduction with less than 6 ppm ammo nia slip. A urea-based SNCR solution was injected in the first pass, reducing NO x and providing ammonia reagent for the SCR. A catalyst housing was designed to fit between the second and third passes, where the access doors of the boiler normally attach. The SCR catalyst volume of 0.04 m 3 (1.5 ft 3 ) provided a space velocity of 10,000 hr -1 at a pressure drop of less than 1.5 cm (0.5 in) of water. Numerous runs demonstrated system repeatability and ease of operation. Continued tests using an on-line ammonia monitor, an on-line reagent flow meter, and a different fuel were conducted to show sustained performance and applicability.
Organizational Evolution, Learning, and Selection: A Genetic-Algorithm-Based Model

This study proposes a relatively simple computational model of organizational evolution based on the genetic algorithm. The model includes three organizational processes: variation, adaptation, and...
Adrenal myelolipoma: To operate or not? A case report and review of the literature.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Myelolipoma is a rare, benign neoplasm that predominantly occurs in the adrenal gland and is composed of mature adipose tissue and scattered islands of hematopoietic elements. Although usually small and asymptomatic, there are some cases of adrenal myelolipoma that cause symptoms such as chronic pain. Elective surgery can prevent a more severe symptom presentation and life threatening progression while also allowing accurate diagnosis in patients with tumors larger than 6 cm. PRESENTATION OF CASE This report presents an unusual case of a 28-year-old female who suffered with chronic pain from a growing left-sided adrenal myelolipoma. Without the financial means for additional testing along with many symptoms warranting a high suspicion for malignancy, this patient decided to have the mass surgically excised, which was both diagnostic and curative. DISCUSSION For this specific patient, surgery was the most cost effective option, as well as both diagnostic and curative. Surgery can also prevent complications such as spontaneous rupture and hemorrhage of the mass, which can lead to subsequent cardiovascular shock. CONCLUSION Management of adrenal myelolipoma should be considered on an individual basis. Although it is a benign tumor, surgery plays an important role for symptomatic cases and those lesions that cannot be distinguished reliably from malignancy.
Plasma fluorescent oxidation products and short-term occupational particulate exposures.

Background Evidence suggests that fine particulate air pollution results in oxidative induced tissue damage. Methods A global fluorescent oxidation products (FLOx) assay (fluorescent intensity (FI) units per milliliter of plasma) was measured in blood samples collected from 236 nonsmoking, Caucasian, male trucking industry workers either prior to, during, or after their work shifts. Occupational exposures to particulate matter (PM)2.5 were based on job-specific area-level sampling. Generalized linear models were used to determine associations between FLOx levels and PM2.5, adjusted for age, time since last meal, alcohol consumption, aspirin, and cholesterol medications. Results The mean (standard deviation) level of FLOx was 265.9 FI/ml (96.0). Levels of FLOx were higher among older individuals and lower among those who had consumed alcohol in the past 24 hr. However, no associations were observed between FLOx and PM2.5. Conclusions Our results indicate no association between occupational PM2.5 exposure and this marker of global oxidative stress. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:953–960, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of Aluminum Hydroxide Gel II: Aging Mechanism

The aging of aluminum hydroxide gel prepared by the reaction of aluminum chloride and ammonium hydroxide was studied by measurement of pH, acid-consuming capacity, hydroxide to aluminum ratio, chloride activity, and X-ray line broadening. The results were consistent with a polymer model involving particle growth by a deprotonation-dehydration mechanism. Anions inhibit this reaction by binding to the positively charged edges of the hydroxyaluminum polymers.
Model based nitrate TMDLs for two agricultural watersheds of southeastern Minnesota

In this study, a set of nitrogen reduction strategies were modeled to evaluate the feasibility of improving water quality to meet total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) in two agricultural watersheds. For this purpose, a spatial-process model was calibrated and used to predict monthly nitrate losses (1994-96) from Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds located in south-central Minnesota. Statistical comparison of predicted and observed flow and nitrate losses gave r 2 coefficients of 0.75 and 0.70 for Sand Creek watershed and 0.72 and 0.67 for Bevens Creek watershed, respectively. Modeled alternative agricultural management scenarios inclu- ded: six different N application rates over three application timings and three different percentages of crop land with subsurface drainage. Predicted annual nitrate losses were then compared with nitrate TMDLs assuming a 30% reduction in observed nitrate losses is required. Reductions of about 33 (8.6 to 5.8 kg ⁄ha) and 35% (23 to 15 kg ⁄ha) in existing annual nitrate losses are possible for Sand and Bevens Creek watersheds, respectively, by switching the timing of fertilizer application from fall to spring. Trends towards increases in tile-drained crop land imply that attaining nitrate TMDLs in future may require other alternative management practices in addi- tion to fertilizer management such as partial conversion of crop land to pasture. (KEY TERMS: nonpoint source pollution; tile drainage; ADAPT model; BMPs.)
Stability and robustness properties of a simple adaptive controller

A low-order adaptive tracking controller is proposed for linear time-invariant plants with a relative degree not exceeding two. The order of the plant is not required to be known a priori. The algorithm is robustly stable with respect to small linear time-invariant plant perturbations and bounded disturbances. The robustness is achieved by using a projection of the parameter estimates in the control law. An additional a priori information needed to design the controller is bounds on the plant parameters. In the absence of plant perturbations and disturbances, perfect tracking is obtained.
Microvascular Hypersensitivity Subsequent to Chemical Denervation

Microscopic observation and micrometric measurements of microarterial vessels in the mesentery of the anesthetized rat, during chemical interference with the vasomotor nerve supply, showed (A) marked (average 25x) hypersensitization to epinephrine; (B) persistent vasoconstriction; and (C) depression or cessation of vasomotion. These and concomitant similar reactions of the precapillary sphincter resulted in relative ischemia and frequent reversal of blood flow through the endothelial capillary network. A comparable hypersensitization to epinephrine, observed in six isolated perfused microarterial vessels, upon shift in internal static pressure strongly suggests that the change in reactivity of the vascular smooth muscle cell seen in vivo might also be related to a local change in transmural pressure. The plot of the logarithm of epinephrine threshold concentration vs. the approximate circumferential wall tension (computed for selected in vivo and in vitro experiments neglecting wall thickness) showed a steep rise in vessel sensitivity occurring concomitantly with decrease in wall tension. Thus it appears that hypersensitization of microarterial muscle cells which develops during the hypotensive episode of acute chemical nerve blockade in the rat may be primarily related to a modification in wall tension.
Improving Document Review Practices in Pharmaceutical Companies

Document review practices in the research and development functions of many pharmaceutical companies can be frustrating and inefficient, at least in part because these practices are poorly managed. Although the literature on review practice is fairly robust, there is a disjuncture between what researchers know and how reviewers work. The author draws on his experience as a consultant and trainer to many pharmaceutical companies to outline the causes and effects of poor review practice. He offers recommendations to enhance the value and increase the efficiency of reviews.
Moesin: a potential LPS receptor on human monocytes:

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a glycolipid found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 by monocytes/macrophages. The secretion of these biologically active compounds leads to multiple pathological conditions, such as septic shock. There is substantial evidence that chronic exposure to LPS in periodontal diseases mediates, at least in part, the tissue destruction associated with the Gram-negative infection. LPS receptor has been shown to be CD14, a 55 kDa protein. LPS—CD14 interactions mediate many monocyte/macrophage functions in the inflammatory response. However, CD14 lacks a cytoplasmic domain, or any known signal transduction sequence motif, suggesting the existence of another cell surface domain capable of transducing signals. More recently, significant work has implicated Toll proteins in LPS-mediated signaling. The purpose of the present work was ...
Amish newsletters in The Budget : A genre study of written communication

The Budget is a newspaper which has served Amish communities for over a hundred years by disseminating community news to Amish settlements across North America. The main feature of this newspaper are newsletters written by volunteers from local Amish settlements, called “scribes,” who report news and happenings from their church districts. In this study the generic characteristics of the newsletters are identified, as is their role in the reproduction of Amish cultural values. The newsletters display generic consistency demonstrated in the predictable location, form, and content of the components of the newsletter. Scribes' reports of community news report events which are central to maintaining the importance of the interpersonal basis of Amish community life, and serve to maintain those items as reportable and noteworthy topics in the Amish communicative economy. (Amish, genre, written communication)
In Trypanosoma brucei RNA Editing, Band II Enables Recognition Specifically at Each Step of the U Insertion Cycle

Trypanosome RNA editing is the posttranscriptional insertion and deletion of uridylate (U) residues, often to a massive extent, through cycles of cleavage, U addition or U removal, and ligation. These editing cycles are catalyzed by a complex that we purified to seven major proteins (bands I through VII). Here we analyze the role of band II using extracts of clonal band II RNA interference (RNAi) cell lines prepared by a rapid protocol that enables retention of activities that are lost during traditional extract preparation. By individually scoring each step of editing, we show that band II is critical for all steps of U insertion but is not important for any of the steps of U deletion or for their coordination into the U deletion cycle. This specificity supports the long- standing model that U-insertional and U-deletional activities are separated within the editing complex. Furthermore, by assaying the basic activities of the enzymes that catalyze the steps of U insertion, independent of their action in editing, we show that band II is not any of those enzymes. Rather, band II enables endonuclease action at authentic U insertion sites, terminal-uridylyl-transferase (TUTase) action at cleaved U insertion sites, and U-insertion-specific ligase (band V/IREL) action in the editing complex. Thus, band II facilitates each step of U insertion by providing proper RNA and/or protein recognition. We propose that band II (TbMP81) be called IRER, indicating its essential nature in U-insertional RNA editing recognition.
X-ray: a tool for automatic measurement of hardware parameters

There is growing interest in self-optimizing computing systems that can optimize their own behavior on different platforms without manual intervention. Examples of successful self-optimizing systems are ATLAS, which generates basic linear algebra subroutine (BLAS) libraries, and FFTW, which generates FFT libraries. Self-optimizing systems need values for hardware parameters such as the number of registers of various types and the capacities of caches at various levels. For example, ATLAS uses the capacity of the LI cache and the number of registers in determining the size of cache tiles and register tiles. In this paper, we describe X-ray, a system for implementing micro-benchmarks to measure such hardware parameters. We also present novel algorithms for measuring some of these parameters. Experimental evaluations of X-ray on traditional workstations, servers and embedded systems show that X-ray produces more accurate and complete results than existing tools.
Promoting Academic Engagement among Immigrant Adolescents through School-Family-Community Collaboration

Schools are receiving students of immigrant origin in unprecedented numbers. Using an ecological framework, the authors reviewed the community, school, familial, and individual challenges that immigrant adolescent students encounter. They examined cognitive, relational, and behavioral dimensions of student engagement as well as culturally sensitive strategies for parental involvement. Varying academic trajectories were identified revealing that although some students performed at high or improving levels over time, others showed diminishing performance. The implications for school counselors’ roles in school-family-community collaboration and intervention and practice are discussed.
Racial Differences in Neighborhood Evaluation Standards

It is implicit in the literature on neighborhood satisfaction that individuals or groups of people have different standards for evaluating the quality of their neighborhoods—different standards being the result of differences in past experiences or adaptations to present circumstances. However, to date, there has been no research that has tested for individual or group differences in evaluation standards. In this research the hypothesis that blacks and whites have different standards for evaluating the environmental quality of their neighborhoods was tested. I argue that this difference is a result of blacks having much more restricted access to the housing market than whites. The data support this hypothesis.
The Changing Room: Sex, Drag and Theatre. By Laurence Senelick. New York: Routledge, 2000; pp. 540. $29.95 paperback.

Scholars attempting to define the myriad meanings and purposes of the theatre across the centuries have tended to avoid issues of sexuality, particularly those aspects of it that seem to veer from the generally accepted norm. In The Changing Room: Sex, Drag, and Theatre, Laurence Senelick makes a compelling and persuasive case for understanding the centrality of sexuality in all aspects of performance, in all its confusing complexity and glory. In this, the first major cross-cultural study of theatrical transvestism, the theatre is “the changing room,” in its acknowledgment of “the essential queerness of its nature” (509). In over five hundred pages of copiously researched, cogently argued analysis, Senelick charts the role of drag in theatre from its origins to the present, shifting effortlessly through a broad range of cultures and eras. Along with the opportunity of viewing theatre history through a unique lens, drag provides an opportunity for the exploding of familiar stereotypes of gender—and Senelick comes armed with dynamite.
Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer, 1903 (Trichoptera : Annulipalpia : Psychomyioidea) inferred from larval, pupal and adult characters

Phylogeny of Polycentropodidae Ulmer is inferred based on data from immature and adult stages. Larval information is unknown for 61% of the taxa included in this study. To understand the effects of including characters with large sets of missing data, three alternative datasets were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Five outgroup taxa, including the four families in Psychomyioidea and the single family in Hydropsychoidea, were used in all datasets. Monophyly of Polycentropodidae, as currently defined, was rejected and the monophyly of the three largest cosmopolitan genera, Polycentropus, Polyplectropus and Nyctiophylax, was not confirmed. Monophyly of Pseudoneureclipsinae, including the genera Antillopsyche and Pseudoneureclipsis, was supported in all analyses. The placement of Pseudoneureclipsis within Dipseudopsidae was rejected. Monophyly of Kambaitipsychinae was supported, but its placement within Polycentropodidae was not confirmed. Analyses were sensitive to either inclusion or exclusion of characters from immature stages. Based on the results of these analyses, the following taxonomic changes are established: Kambaitipsychidae, stat. nov. and Pseudoneureclipsidae, stat. nov. are elevated to family status. North American Polycentropus species originally described in either Plectrocnemia or Holocentropus are returned to their original combinations and North American species described in Polycentropus post-1944 are transferred to either Holocentropus or Plectrocnemia. The following new or reinstated combinations are proposed: Plectrocnemia albipuncta Banks, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia aureola Banks, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia cinerea (Hagen), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia clinei Milne, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia crassicornis (Walker), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia jenula (Denning) comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia icula (Ross), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia nascotia (Ross), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia remota (Banks), comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia sabulosa (Leonard & Leonard), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia smithae (Denning), comb. nov.; Plectrocnemia vigilatrix Navas, comb. rev.; Plectrocnemia weedi (Blickle & Morse), comb. nov.; Holocentropus chellus (Denning), comb. nov.; Holocentropus flavus Banks, comb. nov.; Holocentropus glacialis Ross, comb. rev.; Holocentropus grellus Milne, comb. rev.; Holocentropus interruptus Banks, comb. rev.; Holocentropus melanae Ross, comb. rev.; Holocentropus milaca (Etnier), comb. nov.; and Holocentropus picicornis (Stephens), comb. rev.
Universal Abelian Covers of Surface Singularities

We discuss the evidence for and implications of a conjecture that the universal abelian cover of a ℚ-Gorenstein surface singularity with finite local homology (i.e., the singularity link is a ℚ-homology sphere) is a complete intersection singularity.
Validation of a structured interview for the assessment of diabetes self-management.

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed and validated a semi-structured interview; the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP), to measure self-management of type 1 diabetes. The DSMP includes the following regimen components: exercise, management of hypoglycemia, diet, blood glucose testing, and insulin administration and dose adjustment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Families of youths with type 1 diabetes (n = 105) who were entering a controlled trial of intensive therapy (IT) versus usual care (UC) were administered the DSMP Analyses assessed the reliability and validity of the DSMP, including its associations with HbA1c and quality of life. RESULTS: The DSMP total score has adequate internal consistency (Cronbach9s alpha 0.76), 3-month test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation, r = 0.67), inter-interviewer agreement (r = 0.94), and parent-adolescent agreement (r = 0.61). DSMP total scores (r = -0.28) and 3 subscales correlated significantly with HbA1c (diet [r = -0.27], blood glucose testing [r = -0.37], and insulin administration and dose adjustment [r = -0.25 ]). Adolescents9 reports of self-management did not differ from parental reports. Higher DSMP scores were associated with more favorable quality of life for mothers and youths. CONCLUSIONS: The DSMP is a convenient measure that yields a reliable and valid assessment of diabetes self-management. Compared with extant similar measures, the DSMP is more strongly correlated with HbA1c.
Feasibility of endovascular repair in penetrating axillosubclavian injuries: a retrospective review.

Background Penetrating injuries to the axillary and subclavian vessels are a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Although the endovascular repair of such injuries has been increasingly described, an algorithm for endovascular versus conventional surgical repair has yet to be clearly defined. On the basis of institutional endovascular experience treating vascular injuries in other anatomic locations, we defined an algorithm for the management of axillosubclavian vascular injuries. Subsequently, a near decade long experience with the management of axillosubclavian vascular injuries was retrospectively analyzed, so as to more accurately assess the true feasibility of endovascular treatment in these patients. Methods We defined a management algorithm that included (1) indications, (2) relative contraindications, and (3) strict contraindications for the endovascular repair of axillosubclavian vascular injuries. Anatomic indications for endovascular repair were restricted to relatively limited axillosubclavian injuries (pseudoaneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, first-order branch vessel injuries, intimal flaps, and focal lacerations). Relative contraindications for endovascular repair included injury to the axillary artery's third portion, substantial venous injury (eg, transection), refractory hypotension, and upper extremity compartment syndrome with neurovascular compression. Strict contraindications to endovascular repair included long segmental injuries, injuries without sufficient proximal or distal vascular fixation points, and subtotal/total arterial transection. Within the context of these definitions, we retrospectively reviewed 46 noniatrogenic subclavian and axillary vascular injuries in 45 patients identified by a prospectively maintained computer registry during a 9-year period. Presentations were reviewed concurrently by two endovascular surgeons, and potential candidates for endovascular management were defined. Results Among 46 total case presentations and among the 40 patients who maintained vital signs on presentation, 17 were potentially treatable with endovascular therapy. Among the cohort of 40 presentations, the most common contraindications to endovascular therapy were hemodynamic instability (n = 10), vessel transection (n = 7), and no proximal vascular fixation site (n = 3). Conclusions Despite growing enthusiasm for endovascular repair of injuries to the axillary and subclavian vessels, realistic clinical presentation and anatomic locations restrict the broad application of this technique at present. In our experience, less than but approaching 50% of all injuries encountered could be addressed with an endovascular approach. This percentage will increase during the upcoming decades if the endovascular technologies available in hybrid endovascular operating rooms uniformly improve.
Improving public transit access to in-city villages

Rapid urbanisation results in the emergence of in-city villages in many developing countries. The lack of public transit access has been a long-standing problem for the residents in such villages. Here we develop a new mathematical model for adding stops onto the existing transit routes passing by the in-city villages, where the stops are decided by the optimisation of an objective function, which consists of the total supplier and user costs. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed model for improving the transit access to the in-city villages.
Ensuring that Patients Receive Full Cardiac Pharmacotherapy Services: A Pharmacist's Call to Arms

While clinical trials have proven that use of certain cardiovascular drugs improves morbidity and mortality, these drugs are not widely used, they are by and large prescribed in suboptimal doses, and their benefit is further diminished by nonadherence. Pharmacists have the ability to improve the survival of patients with cardiovascular risks. This can only be accomplished through the efforts of the individual pharmacist and the further development of health-system management services. Pharmacists need to leverage their access to patients, their large patient base, and their knowledge of refill dates to improve patient care. Support and development of more pharmacist-directed anticoagulation, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension clinics are also needed.
Fourier and Anarchism

I. Revolutionary groups in their attitude to science. Pretensions of anarchism to scientific method, 229. — II. Social sciences and modern anarchism draw from a common source, the conception of natural law, 231. — Ways in which this conception has been used, 235. — Reasons for the sharp divergence of anarchism from the point of view of students of the social sciences, 237. — III. Fourier's system is essentially anarchistic, 241. — The characteristics of his anarchism in its use of the idea of a natural order, 243.—The natural order of Fourier as an equilibrium of passional attractions, 250. — IV. Distinctiveness of Fourier's anarchism. His romanticism, 156. — His modernism, 260. — Criticism and summary, 261.
Functional Long-Term Outcomes in Polytrauma Patients with Orthopedic Injuries

Outcome research is the process of data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the efficiency and effectiveness of patient treatment [1]. The purpose of outcome research is to improve the quality of patient care, and clinical outcome research should be an integral component of orthopedic research. For several reasons, thorough outcome evaluations in polytrauma patients provide important data for physicians, physical and occupational therapists, as well as for insurance and hospital administrations:
Marry Me: Using Marital Narratives to Propose Culturally Responsive Practice with Asian Women Who Experience Domestic Violence

Marriage in Asian communities is a complex cultural phenomenon. There is much to be considered in marital narratives that can deepen our understanding of Asian women’s perceptions of health and risk in their intimate unions. The author identifies four contexts garnered from consultation work with an Asian woman’s grass-roots organisation associated with the Asian woman’s decision to marry. Suggestions are provided around the use of these contexts as points of entry for assessment interviews as part of narrative work to provide an authentic pathway to culturally responsive practice with Asian women affected by domestic violence (DV). A case example is offered to further clarify how marital narratives can be used in assessment, formulation and for case planning with Asian women who are seeking services as a result of DV.
Role of water chemistry in the selective flocculation and dispersion of iron ore

Fine-grained hematite ore can be concentrated by the process of selective flocculation and dispersion, which relies on proper reagent selection and control of water chemistry. While many previous studies have been performed analyzing the effects of different reagents on this process in a laboratory environment, this paper focuses on investigating the water chemistry within the process in a pilot-scale continuous deslime thickener. The pH, sodium concentration, calcium concentration and magnesium concentration were varied to determine their effects on the iron concentrate grade and recovery, and the phosphorus concentrate grade and rejection in the pilot-scale selective deslime thickener. The ideal pH for the iron grade and recovery of the process using a starch selective flocculant was found to be 10.5. Phosphorus rejection, however, was increased at lower pH values. Minimization of sodium concentration was shown to improve iron grade, iron recovery and phosphorus rejection. Calcium acted as a nonselective flocculant showing higher iron recovery, lower iron grade and lower phosphorus rejection with increasing concentration. Conclusions could not be drawn from the experiments that varied magnesium concentration. The zeta potential of the solid-liquid interface of particles in each sample taken was also analyzed to show relationships between zeta potential and process performance. In all cases, a maximization of the magnitude of zeta potential correlated with increased iron grade and recovery. This supports the hypothesis that a higher level of dispersion enhances the selective flocculation and separation process.
Morphogenetic and Residual Strains in the Embryonic Chick Brain

The brain of the chick embryo first becomes a fully sealed tube containing embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (ECSF) at Hamburger and Hamilton [1] stage 11 (HH11, approximately 42 hours of a 21-day incubation period). During the subsequent 40 hours of development, the brain undergoes dramatic changes in size and shape in response to increases in luminal pressure [2]. These changes include local regions that bulge outwards to create the primitive forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. While it has been shown that the internal ECSF can regulate cell proliferation and neurogenesis [3] in early brain development, possible biophysical factors contributing to this process have not been well characterized.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Le vieillissement des matériaux en service : mesures préventives prises pour la conception du réacteur EPRTM

La conception des nouveaux reacteurs a eau sous pression doit prendre en compte l’experience passee et en particulier les lecons tirees du vieillissement en service des composants. Les avantages de cette demarche pour des exploitations de longue duree peuvent etre tres eleves dans le cas d’une conception evolutionnaire comme celle du reacteur EPRTM dont les materiaux et les conditions de fabrication retenus sont le resultat d’une tres longue optimisation.Le vieillissement en service des materiaux inclut differents modes d’endommagement, de la fragilisation causee par les vieillissements thermiques ou l’irradiation jusqu’a la creation de fissures par fatigue ou par corrosion. Meme si les mecanismes d’endommagement ne sont pas totalement compris, les regles de bonnes pratiques et des modeles empiriques ont ete developpes pour fournir des predictions fiables des cinetiques d’endommagement et de leurs consequences. Toute cette experience a ete prise en compte durant la phase de conception du reacteur EPRTM , pour le choix des materiaux et pour leurs conditions de service permettant d’exclure ou de limiter le vieillissement.