cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A pseudospectral‐finite difference hybrid approach for large‐scale seismic modeling and RTM on parallel computers

We present numerical comparisons between the finite difference method and the Fourier pseudospectral method on the 3D SEG/EAGE salt model to investigate the potentials of the two methods for large scale seismic modeling and reverse-time migration problems on distributed-memory parallel systems. We compare the accuracy of the seismic modeling results by the two methods. We discuss the parallel implementations and present the runtime and speedup rate data on a Linux cluster. Based on these comparison results, we propose a pseudospectral-finite difference hybrid method for largescale seismic modeling and RTM problems on massively distributed-memory parallel systems.
Symptoms and visceral perception in severe functional and organic dyspepsia

Background —Hypersensitivity of gastric afferent pathways may play an aetiological role in symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Aims —To determine whether patients with severe organic dyspepsia (associated with tissue irritation/injury) and those with functional dyspepsia (no detectable tissue irritation) differ in their perception of gastric distension and whether this difference is reflected in differences in their gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms. Methods —Perceptual thresholds, referral patterns, and gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms were compared in 23 patients with functional dyspepsia, 10 organic dyspeptics, and 15 healthy controls. Results —Fifteen (65%) functional dyspeptics and no organic dyspeptics had reduced perceptual thresholds for fullness, discomfort, or pain (odds ratio (OR) 19.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95 to 476.09, p=0.0017). Either reduced perceptual thresholds or altered referral was found in 20 (87%) functional dyspeptics and four (20%) organic dyspeptics (OR 10.0, 95% CI 1.34 to 89.54, p=0.014). During sham distension fullness, discomfort and pain were reported by healthy controls, organic dyspeptics, and functional dyspeptics. A sham response of pain but no other sensation was more frequent among functional dyspeptics (43%) than healthy controls (7%) (OR 10.77, 95% CI 1.10 to 257.35, p=0.026). Gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms and gastric compliance were similar in the functional and organic groups. Conclusions —Alterations in the perception of gastric distension distinguishes between functional and organic dyspepsia, while symptoms do not. A total of 87% of functional dyspeptics studied had evidence of altered visceral afferent function. In this study population, psychological abnormalities or changes in compliance did not explain the findings.
Rethinking Smart Architecture: Some Strategic Design Frameworks

The paper is an attempt to provide a comprehensive re-definition and a complex-adaptive framework for strategic understanding of smart architecture. The paper rethinks smart architecture's strategic and conceptual frameworks. A complex-adaptive and systems approach has been forwarded as an alternative. Comprehensive definition of smart architecture has been provided. Disparate yet related camps of responsive architecture, adaptive architecture, intelligent buildings, kinetic architecture have been brought under the umbrella of smart architecture. The role of users in smart architectural schemata has been explored. Examples of a few recent architectural projects have been used to illustrate the emerging directions in smart architecture.
Transfection-mediated expression of a dominant cAMP-resistant phenotype in the opossum kidney (OK) cell line prevents parathyroid hormone-induced inhibition of Na-phosphate cotransport. A protein kinase-A-mediated event.

Abstract Sodium-phosphate cotransport in the PTH-responsive opossum kidney (OK) cell line is inhibited by PTH, cAMP, and activators of protein kinase C. In order to probe the role of cAMP, we stably transfected OK cells with an expression vector for a cAMP-binding mutation of the murine protein kinase A regulatory subunit. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of cAMP-binding proteins from transfected cells indicated a 20-fold overexpression of the mutant regulatory unit. Protein kinase A from these cells had a 20-fold increase in the concentration of cAMP required for half-maximal activation, 2.8 microM vs. 0.15 microM for wild type cells. In the transfected cells, Na-phosphate cotransport was insensitive to up to 1 mM 8-Br-cAMP and 1 microM PTH, while these same agonists caused a significant inhibition of transport in the wild type cells. The effects on Na-phosphate cotransport of the protein kinase C activators oleoyl-acetyl glycerol and tetradecanoyl-phorbol acetate, which were marked in the wild type cells, were still present, although attenuated, in the transfected mutants. With prolonged passage, the cAMP-insensitive phenotype reverted to wild type cAMP sensitivity despite continued selection for the cotransfected neo marker. The revertant cells had a normal cAMP requirement for half-maximal activation of protein kinase A, 0.13 microM, and the PTH and cAMP-sensitive inhibition of Na-phosphate cotransport was restored. We suggest that an intact and normally cAMP-sensitive protein kinase A pathway is an absolute requirement for PTH inhibition of Na-phosphate cotransport in the OK cell.
COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN THE SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM: THE INFLUENCE OF COMT AND BDNF POLYMORPHISMS

Background: DISC1 is currently one of the most promising candidate genes for schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses. We have previously detected association between DISC1 andmeasures of social and physical anhedonia in the large birth cohort of Northern Finland 1966 (NFBC66). In the present study, we performed a genome-wide association study conditioned on these previously recognized DISC1 variants in this same cohort, for the outcomemeasures Revised Social Anhedonia Scale and Revised Physical Anhedonia Scale (PHAS). With these genetically more homogeneous stratified samples we are more likely to recognize variants of small effect size that are related to psychosis proneness and potentially interact with DISC1. This approach of using quantitative phenotypes assessed in large populationcohorts canbeapowerfulwayof identifying genes thatpredispose to related clinical disorders, in this case psychosis. Methods: We utilized the large birth cohort collected in Northern Finland 1966 (NFBC66). From the original sample (N=12058), 4 561 individuals attended a 31-year follow up and provided data for the present study. The sample has been genotyped using the Illumina Infinum Assay and HumanHap 370 K marker set. For the statistical analyses, the sample was stratified based on the DISC1 variants. Carriers of risk and protective DISC1 variants were analyzed separately (N=3 054 and N=962 respectively). The remaining individuals not carrying either of the variants were analyzed as one group (N=545). Results: No markers were significant at the genome-wide level. However, suggestive evidence for association with biological relevance to psychosis and the DISC1 pathway was noted. The regions of interest were chromosomes 2q21.3 (risk model, best P=1.84E-06) and 12q24.21 (neutral model, best P=2.24E-06) for PHAS. Located at these loci are the LCT gene and hsa-mir-620 microRNA, respectively. Additional Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that PHAS is associated with genes enriched in estrogen related pathways (risk model, GO term: response to estrogen stimulus, P=0.00017, permuted P=0.0037). Discussion: Recently, W. Hennah and D. Porteous reported variants in DISC1 and DISC1 binding partners, PDE4B, PDE4D, NDEL1, and NDE1, having a significant impact on expression levels of numerous genes, including LCT, involved in DISC1 related pathways. Intriguingly, carbohydrates that include galactose (produced by LCT) have been implicated in neuronal development, learning and memory. The microRNA hsa-mir-620 has a significant enrichment of predicted target sites in, and therefore is thought to regulate the expression of, genes involved in nervous system development. It is also predicted to target LCT. Our findings are suggestive of the potential complex genome wide interplay between variants that increase risk to psychosis with DISC1 proving to be the key to these discoveries.
Structural basis for chemokine recognition and activation of a viral G protein–coupled receptor

Chemokines are small proteins that function as immune modulators through activation of chemokine G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). Several viruses also encode chemokines and chemokine receptors to subvert the host immune response. How protein ligands activate GPCRs remains unknown. We report the crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution of the human cytomegalovirus GPCR US28 in complex with the chemokine domain of human CX3CL1 (fractalkine). The globular body of CX3CL1 is perched on top of the US28 extracellular vestibule, whereas its amino terminus projects into the central core of US28. The transmembrane helices of US28 adopt an active-state–like conformation. Atomic-level simulations suggest that the agonist-independent activity of US28 may be due to an amino acid network evolved in the viral GPCR to destabilize the receptor’s inactive state.
Influence of Particle‐Size Distribution on the Properties of Nepheline Syenite

Samples of nepheline syenite prepared by conventional and by fluid-energy reduction methods were studied to determine (1) their fundamental properties and (2) the characteristics they impart to vitreous bodies. Fluid-energy grinding methods make it possible to obtain materials which pass a 325-mesh sieve and yet do not have excessive amounts of extreme fines. The absence of large flux particles is conducive to a uniform distribution of the resultant glassy phase which permits a closer approach to equilibrium conditions and improves the physical properties of whiteware bodies.
Hydrogen adsorption equilibrium and kinetics in metal–organic framework (MOF-5) synthesized with DEF approach

Abstract MOF-5, also known as isoreticular MOF-1 (IRMOF-1) was successfully synthesized with diethyl formamide (DEF) as a solvent using modified procedures aiming at improving its crystal structure, pore texture and ultimately the hydrogen adsorption performance. The MOF-5 adsorbent was characterized with nitrogen adsorption for pore textural properties, scanning electron microscopy for crystal structure, and XRD for phase structure. Hydrogen adsorption in MOF-5 was measured at low pressure in a volumetric unit at 77 K, 194.5 K and 298 K and at hydrogen pressure up to 120 bar and 77 K in a gravimetric adsorption unit. The MOF-5 synthesized in this work has ideal pore textural properties with a large Langmuir (3917 m 2 /g) and BET specific surface area (2449 m 2 /g), a median pore size of 8.6 A and a pore volume of 1.39 cm 3 /g. The MOF-5 adsorbent synthesized in this work has a hydrogen adsorption capacity of 1.46 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar, an excess hydrogen adsorption capacity of 6.9 wt.% at 77 K and 100 bar, and an absolute hydrogen adsorption capacity of 11.8 wt.% at 77 K and 120 bar. Hydrogen diffusivity in MOF-5 estimated from the adsorption kinetic data measured at low pressure are 2.4 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s, 5.2 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s and 6.0 × 10 −5 cm 2 /s at 77 K, 194.5 K and 298 K, respectively. The activation energy for hydrogen diffusion and the isosteric heat of adsorption for hydrogen adsorption in MOF-5 are 0.8 kJ/mol and 2.2–2.6 kJ/mol, respectively.
Pursuit deterrence, predation risk, and escape in the lizard Callisaurus draconoides

The frequency of pursuit-deterrent signaling should vary with predation risk for factors affecting decisions to flee and hide. Distance to refuge, temperature, and microhabitat types affect risk, and their effects may differ among defenses. Because risk is greater farther from refuge and at lower temperatures that impair escape ability in ectotherms, I predicted that when farther from refuge ectothermic prey flee sooner, enter refuge more frequently, and signal more frequently. At low temperatures, prey should flee sooner, enter refuge, and signal less frequently. Because signaling sometimes deters attack, lowered risk might allow prey to permit closer approach when signaling. In the zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides, which signals by waving its tail, signaling and the other behaviors were affected by the same risk factors. Probability of signaling before fleeing increased with distance to refuge and temperature, but variation in temperature accounted for the effect of distance to refuge. Lizards signaled not at all at low temperatures, after starting to flee at intermediate temperatures, and before, during, and after fleeing at higher temperatures. This pattern is consistent with honest signaling of escape ability. Refuge entry was more frequent nearer refuge (lower risk) and at lower temperature (higher risk). Display was less frequent on rock than ground, possibly due to conspicuousness or delay in attaining high speed. Flight initiation distance was shorter after signaling. This novel finding suggests that signaling reduces risk and prey alter escape decisions based on lower risk as a consequence of their own signaling behavior.
Luminol-Based Enhanced Chemiluminescence Assay for Quantification of Peroxidase and Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous Solutions: Effect of Reagent pH and Ionic Strength

The effect of reagent pH and ionic strength was evaluated on the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-luminol- p -iodophenol enhanced chemiluminescence assay. This assay was optimized for HRP and H2 O2 quantification during enzyme-mediated remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with phenolic chemicals. The maximum chemiluminescence intensity ( ICLmax ) and total area under the chemiluminescence intensity profiles were measured as a function of p -iodophenol concentration, reagent solution pH, and reagent ionic strength. ICLmax values were optimum at pH 8.5 and increased linearly with reagent ionic strength. Optimum chemiluminescence enhancement was produced at a p -iodophenol concentration of 0.3 mM under the reaction conditions. ICLmax values were linearly correlated with HRP and H2 O2 concentrations within the ranges of 0.1–1 activity units/mL and 0.1–1 mM, respectively. Results indicate that the HRP-luminol- p -iodohenol enhanced chemiluminescence assay has a potential to be used for quantificat...
Beneficial effects of wettability altering surfactants in oil-wet fractured reservoirs

Abstract In fractured reservoirs, an effective matrix-fracture mass transfer is required for oil recovery. Surfactants have long been considered for oil recovery enhancement, mainly in terms of their ability to reduce oil–water interfacial tension. These surfactants are effective when the fractured formations are water-wet, where capillary imbibition of surfactants from the fracture into the matrix contributes to oil recovery. However, another beneficial aspect of surfactants, namely their ability to alter wettability, remains to be explored and exploited. Surfactants capable of altering wettability can be especially beneficial in oil-wet fractured formations, where the surfactant in the fracture diffuses into the matrix and alters the wettability, enabling imbibition of even more surfactant into the matrix. This sequential process of initial diffusion followed by imbibition continues well into the matrix yielding significant enhancements in oil recovery. In order to test this hypothesis of sequential diffusion–imbibition phenomenon, Dual-Drop Dual-Crystal (DDDC) contact angle experiments have been conducted using fractured Yates dolomite reservoir fluids, two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) and dolomite rock substrates. A new experimental procedure was developed in which crude oil equilibrated with reservoir brine has been exposed to surfactant to simulate the matrix-fracture interactions in fractured reservoirs. This procedure enables the measurements of dynamic contact angles and oil–water interfacial tensions, in addition to providing the visual observations of the dynamic behavior of crude oil trapped in the rock matrix as it encounters the diffusing surfactant from the fractures. Both the measurements and visual observations indicate wettability alterations of the matrix surface from oil-wet to less oil-wet or intermediate wet by the surfactants. Thus this study is of practical importance to oil-wet fractured formations where surfactant-induced wettability alterations can result in significant oil recovery enhancements. In addition, this study has also identified the need to include contact angle term in the dimensionless Bond number formulations for better quantitative interpretation of rock–fluids interactions.
The operating leverage impact on systematic risk within a context of choice

Purpose – Strategic cost structure choices determine how firms divide operating costs between fixed and variable components, and therefore have important implications for financial performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of operating leverage on equity Betas when managers have discretion over firms' cost structures.Design/methodology/approach – Using panel data for publicly listed trucking firms over years 1994‐2006, market model Betas are regressed on controls and alternatively measured proxies for operating leverage: degree of operating leverage, assets in place and percentage of company employed drivers.Findings – Results of this study generally show positively significant coefficients on all three operating leverage variables.Originality/value – Operating characteristics of many industries require that firms make substantial investments in long‐lived assets that result in high fixed costs (e.g. depreciation), and for these firms cost structure is exogenously or technologically ...
Simple photografting method to chemically modify and micropattern the surface of SU-8 photoresist.

SU-8 has gained widespread acceptance as a negative photoresist. It is also finding increasing use as a structural material in microanalytical devices. Consequently, methods to tailor the surface properties of SU-8 as well as to micropattern coatings on the surface of SU-8 are needed. The SU-8 photoresist consists of EPON SU-8 resin mixed with the photoacid generator triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate. This photoacid generator can also serve as a photoinitiator generating free radicals when illuminated with UV light. Under the appropriate conditions, sufficient triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate remains within cured SU-8 to act as a source of free radicals and initiate UV-mediated grafting of polymers onto the surface of the SU-8. UV-mediated grafting was used to coat SU-8 surfaces with poly(acrylic acid) and other water-soluble monomers. The SU-8 surface was chemically micropatterned by placing a mask between the UV light and SU-8. The X−Y spatial resolution of micropatterned poly(acrylic acid) on ...
Sealability of Stationary Metal-to-Metal Seals

The effectiveness of stationary metal-to-metal seals is investigated with respect to contact pressure and length, load history, and the use of sealing compounds. Laboratory cup and cone tests were carried out, and experimental results were used to develop a sealability criterion. A sealability parameter is proposed and a critical value for it was obtained from experiments. The criterion was validated through full-scale tests of tubular connections and FEA. This criterion can be used for the comparison, qualification and future performance improvements of different metal-to-metal seals, in particular those used in the petroleum industry.
Dietary vitamin A enhances sensitivity of the local lymph node assay

Murine assays such as the mouse ear swelling test (MEST) and the local lymph node assay (LLNA) are popular alternatives to guinea pig models for the identification of contact sensitizers, yet there has been concern over the effectiveness of these assays to detect weak and moderate sensitizers. Much work has been done to improve the sensitivity of the MEST, including the addition of a vitamin A acetate (VAA) enriched diet, which increases its sensitivity. Vitamin A acetate has been reported to increase the numbers of Langerhans cells (antigen presenting cells) in the skin, which could in turn enhance the cellular immune response. Because the LLNA relies on tritiated-thymidine incorporation by proliferating T cells during the induction phase, we have studied the potential of the VAA diet to enhance sensitivity of the LLNA. Results indicate that the VAA enriched diet significantly increased the LLNA sensitivity to formalin, eugenol, glutaraldehyde, trimellitic anhydride, and an azo dye at concentrations where no proliferation was observed in mice maintained on the standard diet. Maintenance on a VAA diet for 3 weeks prior to initiating the sensitization procedure was optimal. Thus, incorporation of a VAA diet improves the sensitivity of the LLNA as a quick, objective, and relatively inexpensive screen for detecting moderate and weak contact sensitizers.
Resonant and non-resonant electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale with active photonic-plasmonic nanostructures

In this talk, I will present our results on the design and engineering of optical nanostructures and metamaterials for on-chip applications to light sources and nonlinear optical components based on the widespread silicon platform.
Most Powerful Tests of Composite Hypotheses. I. Normal Distributions

For testing a composite hypothesis, critical regions are determined which are most powerful against a particular alternative at a given level of significance. Here a region is said to have level of significance e if the probability of the region under the hypothesis tested is bounded above by e. These problems have been considered by Neyman, Pearson and others, subject to the condition that the critical region be similar. In testing the hypothesis specify-ing the value of the variance of a normal distribution with unknown mean against an alternative with larger variance, and in some other problems, the best similar region is also most powerful in the sense of this paper. However, in the analo-gous problem when the variance under the alternative hypothesis is less than that under the hypothesis tested, in the case of Student’s hypothesis when the level of significance is less than and in some other cases, the best similar region is not most powerful in the sense of this paper. There exist most powerful tests which are quite good against certain alternatives in some cases where no proper similar region exists. These results indicate that in some practical cases the standard test is not best if the class of alternatives is sufficiently restricted.
Spectacle, Community and Holy War in Fourteenth-Century Cyprus

Abstract This article examines how temporal and ecclesiastic authorities on Lusignan Cyprus used rhetoric and performance to mobilize support for the Alexandria Crusade. While King Peter I appealed to the chivalric ideals of his vassals in order to overcome their reluctance to endanger the kingdom’s economic and military security, papal legate Peter of Thomas led interfaith processions that presented Cyprus’s population as united in its Christian devotion despite long-standing tensions between the Latin and Greek communities. This presentation of a shared Cypriot identity reflected nascent moves away from the physical and social segregation of confessional groups. It also clarifies the role played by perceptions of a constant threat of Mamlūk invasion in this process of acculturation. Such concerns and responses were not unique to Cyprus. By considering late-medieval Cyprus as a frontier society, we can gain insight into the complex politics of holy war in other composite medieval communities.
Abstract A214: A novobiocin analogue HSP90 inhibitor induces apoptosis and has potent antitumor effects in head and neck squamous cell cancer in vivo

Introduction: Small molecule n‐terminal inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90i) have been evaluated as anticancer agents in various stages of human clinical trials. This study evaluates a novel C‐terminal HSP90 inhibitor derived as an analogue of novobiocin for its anti‐tumor activity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells MDA1986 and JMAR were used to examine the efficacy of KU174 as an anti‐cancer agent. Cell viability assay MTS and cell proliferation analysis were used to examine the concentration‐dependent effect of KU174 on HNSCC cells. Cells were stained with propidium iodide and evaluated on flow cytometry (FC) to study the effects on cell cycle progression. Analysis of KU174 ‐ induced apoptosis of HNSCC was evaluated first by annexin V/PI staining on FC after treatment with drug and confirmed by Western blot analysis for caspase activation and PARP cleavage. KU174 ‐ induced modulation of kinases Akt and ERK1/2 was studied using Western blot analysis for levels of protein expression following treatment. Finally in vivo efficacy of KU174 was evaluated in an orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC following 3 weeks of daily i.p. injection with 5 mg/kg/d of drug. Results: KU174 inhibited cell viability in both MDA1986 and JMAR cells (IC50 = 7.5 and 4.3 M respectively; novobiocin IC50>700 M for each; p Conclusion: These results show that the c‐terminal HSP90 inhibitor KU174 is significantly more potent in antiproliferative activity in HNSCC cells than its parent compound novobiocin. Mechanistic studies suggest that the HNSCC cells treated with KU174 are likely dying by a combination of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and modulation of proteins such as prosurvival kinases chaperoned by HSP90. Additionally this compound has potent antitumor efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC in vivo lending support for future preclinical proof‐of‐concept studies to translate its application as a potential human therapy in HNSCC. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A214.
Both DNA and Histone Fold Sequences Contribute to Archaeal Nucleosome Stability

The roles and interdependence of DNA sequence and archaeal histone fold structure in determining archaeal nucleosome stability and positioning have been determined and quantitated. The presence of four tandem copies of TTTAAAGCCG in the polylinker region of pLITMUS28 resulted in a DNA molecule with increased affinity (ΔΔG of ∼700 cal mol−1) for the archaeal histone HMfB relative to the polylinker sequence, and the dominant, quantitative contribution of the helical repeats of the dinucleotide TA to this increased affinity has been established. The rotational and translational positioning of archaeal nucleosomes assembled on the (TTTAAAGCCG)4 sequence and on DNA molecules selectively incorporated into archaeal nucleosomes by HMfB have been determined. Alternating A/T- and G/C-rich regions were located where the minor and major grooves, respectively, sequentially faced the archaeal nucleosome core, and identical positioning results were obtained using HMfA, a closely related archaeal histone also fromMethanothermus fervidus. However, HMfA did not have similarly high affinities for the HMfB-selected DNA molecules, and domain-swap experiments have shown that this difference in affinity is determined by residue differences in the C-terminal region of α-helix 3 of the histone fold, a region that is not expected to directly interact with DNA. Rather this region is thought to participate in forming the histone dimer:dimer interface at the center of an archaeal nucleosome histone tetramer core. If differences in this interface do result in archaeal histone cores with different sequence preferences, then the assembly of alternative archaeal nucleosome tetramer cores could provide an unanticipated and novel structural mechanism to regulate gene expression.
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACTS OF PHOTOACCLIMATION AND THERMAL STRESS ON THE PHOTOBIOLOGY OF FOUR DIFFERENT PHYLOTYPES OF SYMBIODINIUM (PYRRHOPHYTA)1

The capacity for photoacclimation to light at 100 or 600 μmol photons k m -2 · s -1 and the subsequent response to thermal stress was examined in four genetically distinct cultures of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium with the ITS2 designations Al, A1.1, Bl, and F2. While all algal types showed typical signs of photoacclimation to high light via a reduction in chl a, there was a differential response in cellular growth, photosystem II (PSII) activity, and the chl a-specific absorption coefficient between cultures. When maintained at 32° C for up to 10 days, significant variation in the susceptibility to thermal stress was observed in the rate of loss in PSII activity and electron transport, PSII reaction center degradation, and cellular growth. The order of thermal tolerance did not change between the two light levels. However, as expected, loss in photosynthetic function was exacerbated in the thermally sensitive phylotypes (Bl and A1.1) when acclimated to the higher light intensity. There was no consistent relationship between thermal tolerance and changes in light energy dissipation via non-photochemical pathways. Phylotypes F2 and Al showed a high degree of thermal tolerance, yet the cellular responses to light and temperature were markedly different between these algae. The F2 isolate showed the greatest capacity for photoacclimation and growth at high light and temperature, while the Al isolate appeared to adjust to thermal stress by a slight decline in PSII activity and a significant decline in growth, possibly at the expense of increased photosystem and cellular repair rates.
Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A model for the study of addictions in youth.

There has been increasing interest in the developmental origins of substance use disorders (SUDs) in children and adolescents. Because of its early onset, high prevalence and known risk for SUD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a model developmental disorder to evaluate in context to SUDs. A selected review of the literature was undertaken examining ADHD as an antecedent disorder to subsequent SUD. ADHD and its co-occurring comorbid psychopathology increase the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD and is associated with greater SUD severity and chronicity. The treatment of ADHD appears to decrease the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD. ADHD is an important antecedent disorder in children and adolescents worthy of further targeted preventive efforts to diminish the risk for cigarette smoking and SUD.
Anesthetic considerations during caval inflow occlusion in children with congenital heart disease.

Abstract Objective: Caval inflow occlusion (IO) was introduced to facilitate surgical pulmonary and aortic valvotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Although a technique that is used infrequently today, it remains useful in some patients with complex single-ventricle congenital cardiac defects who require an atrial septectomy. The potential for complications and anesthetic considerations have not been described previously. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: A tertiary care university teaching children’s hospital. Participants: Eleven children, median age 3 months (range 3 days-3 years) who underwent (IO) technique for atrial septectomy. Interventions: Atrial septectomy under IO in patients with restrictive atrial septum. Measurements and Main Results: Eleven children, median age 3 months (range 3 days-3 years), underwent IO for atrial septectomy. Mean duration of IO was 87.7 ± 25.5 seconds. There was 1 intraoperative death (9%). After release of the caval clamps, inotropic support was necessary in 7 of 11 patients, arrhythmias occurred in 4 of 11 patients (2 atrial and 2 ventricular fibrillation), and 10 of 11 patients required blood transfusion along with boluses of calcium gluconate and sodium bicarbonate to support the circulation immediately post-IO. Duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation was 2.2 ± 1.6 days; 10 of 11 patients (91%) survived to discharge with mean length of intensive care unit stay 3.7 ± 2.2 days. Conclusion: IO is an effective technique for short intracardiac procedures without the need for CPB. Close collaboration between anesthesia and surgical staff is essential to keep the duration of IO as short as possible and because of the potential for hemodynamic instability.
Oil field reservoir characterization and monitoring using electromagnetic geophysical techniques

This paper presents recent advances and case histories of two non-traditional electromagnetic (EM) geophysical techniques for oil reservoir characterization and production/process monitoring. The crosswell electromagnetic induction method has seen rapid advancement since its inception in the early 1990s and, to this date, numerous surveys have been completed in active oil fields as well as other sites. Here, one example is given where a two-dimensional (2D) electrical conductivity image derived from crosswell data is employed for reservoir characterization, and two other examples presented where the method provided valuable insight into the two- and three-dimensional progress of water flood operations. The second, less mature method involves the development of a new generation single hole induction logging tool. With the Geothermal Borehole Induction Logging Tool (Geo-BILT), all three components of the magnetic field at multiple offsets from a three-component source are measured. The resulting data are inverted to produce 3D estimates of the electrical conductivity distribution surrounding the borehole. For this technology, we first demonstrate the concept using synthetic data and then show some preliminary field results.
Production of IgG and IgM autoantibody to the alternative pathway C3 convertase in normal individuals and patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

To understand the origin of autoantibody production, we studied the ontogeny of antibody to the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3 nephritic factor or C3NeF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from newborns, normal adults, and patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis produced IgM and IgG C3NeF after culture for 14 days with pokeweed mitogen. Both IgM and IgG moieties appear to have the same paratope and are able to inhibit each other's binding and function. The affinity constant for each of the C3NeF molecules was moderately high (10(8) liters/mol) and there appeared to be little difference between the Ka values for the IgG and the IgM autoantibodies or between Ka values for autoantibodies isolated from newborns, adults, and patients. These data, then, indicate that the ability to produce C3NeF autoantibody is present from the time of birth in normal individuals. The high affinity of these autoantibodies under normal conditions suggests that C3NeF may play a more important physiological role than previously anticipated.
Comparison of the Performance of Varimax and Promax Rotations: Factor Structure Recovery for Dichotomous Items

Nonlinear factor analysis is a tool commonly used by measurement specialists to identify both the presence and nature of multidimensionality in a set of test items, an important issue given that standard Item Response Theory models assume a unidimensional latent structure. Results from most factor-analytic algorithms include loading matrices, which are used to link items with factors. Interpretation of the loadings typically occurs after they have been rotated in order to amplify the presence of simple structure. The purpose of this simulation study is to compare the ability of two commonly used methods of rotation, Varimax and Promax, in terms of their ability to correctly link items to factors and to identify the presence of simple structure. Results suggest that the two approaches are equally able to recover the underlying factor structure, regardless of the correlations among the factors, though the oblique method is better able to identify the presence of a “simple structure.” These results suggest that for identifying which items are associated with which factors, either approach is effective, but that for identifying simple structure when it is present, the oblique method is preferable.
Organic field-effect transistors from solution-deposited functionalized acenes with mobilities as high as 1 cm2/V x s.

We present the device parameters for organic field-effect transistors fabricated from solution-deposited films of functionalized pentacene and anthradithiophenes. These materials are easily prepared in one or two steps from commercially available starting materials and are purified by simple recrystallization. For a solution-deposited film of functionalized pentacene, hole mobility of 0.17 cm2/V·s was measured. The functionalized anthradithiophenes showed behavior strongly dependent on the substituents, with hole mobilities as high as 1.0 cm2/V·s.
Improving Entity Linking Performance Using Frame Semantics

In this paper, we investigate the use of Frame Semantics for improving the performance of linking of non-PLO (Person, Location, Organization) entities to Wikipedia articles. We propose an architecture for a system using Frame Semantics and Selectional Preferences (SP) to improve precision of linking non-PLO entities. We present performance results, which suggest that our system provides a mechanism to improve entity linking for non-PLO entities. We also show that Selectional Preferences can contribute for improved entity linking.
Magnetospheric physics: turbulence on a small scale.

The four-spacecraft Cluster mission has identified small-scale vortices in Earth's magnetosphere. The observation reveals processes that transfer energy and momentum from the solar wind to the magnetosphere.
The Efficacy of AA Attendance for Aftercare of Inpatient Alcoholics: Some Follow-up Data

Inpatient alcoholics (N = 145) were followed at 6-month intervals for 18 months postdischarge. The drinking outcomes were compared based on overall degree of AA attendance. Results did indicate higher percentages of abstinence for AA attenders, but only at 18 months. AA attenders also indicated fewer days drinking during the first 6 months, with fewer days drunk for AA attenders at 18 months. Those subjects attending AA for the entire 18 months reported a total abstinence rate of 50%.
Risk factors for conotruncal cardiac defects in Atlanta

Because the causes of conotruncal cardiac defects are poorly understood, a case-control study was conducted to investigate maternal risk factors for conotruncal cardiac defects. Eligible cases included all infants who were born from 1976 through 1980 to residents of the five county metropolitan Atlanta area and diagnosed with truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries or tetralogy of Fallot. Eligible control infants were a sample of comparable infants without birth defects. Maternal interviews were conducted for 73% (83 of 114) of eligible cases and 72% (1,303 of 1,804) of eligible control infants. The results showed increased risks associated with maternal diabetes (odds ratio 5.6; 90% confidence interval 2.5 to 15.6), maternal stress related to job loss, divorce, separation or death of a close friend or relative (odds ratio 2.4; 90% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.2) and a history of a sibling with a cardiac defect (odds ratio 4.8; 90% confidence interval 2.2 to 10.5). The statistical power of the data was adequate to rule out threefold or greater increases in risk for a wide variety of other exposures, including maternal illnesses other than diabetes, contraceptive use, nonmedicinal drugs (for example, coffee, tea, alcohol, cigarettes, street drugs), employment and education. This population-based study offers no clues that could explain either the high rate of transposition of the great arteries or the temporal trend of an increasing rate of tetralogy of Fallot in Atlanta.
Theoretical Aspects of Massive Gravity

Massive gravity has seen a resurgence of interest due to recent progress which has overcome its traditional problems, yielding an avenue for addressing important open questions such as the cosmological constant naturalness problem. The possibility of a massive graviton has been studied on and off for the past 70 years. During this time, curiosities such as the van Dam, Veltman, and Zakharov (vDVZ) discontinuity and the Boulware-Deser ghost were uncovered. These results are rederived in a pedagogical manner and the St\"uckelberg formalism to discuss them from the modern effective field theory viewpoint is developed. Recent progress of the last decade is reviewed, including the dissolution of the vDVZ discontinuity via the Vainshtein screening mechanism, the existence of a consistent effective field theory with a stable hierarchy between the graviton mass and the cutoff, and the existence of particular interactions which raise the maximal effective field theory cutoff and remove the ghosts. In addition, some peculiarities of massive gravitons on curved space, novel theories in three dimensions, and examples of the emergence of a massive graviton from extra dimensions and brane worlds are reviewed.
The effect of added dimensionality on perceived image value

Texture is an important element of the world around us. It can convey information about the object at hand. Although embossing has been used in a limited way, to enhance the appearance of greeting cards and book covers for example, texture is something that printed material traditionally lacks. Recently, techniques have been developed that allow the incorporation of texture in printed material. Prints made using such processes are similar to traditional 2D prints but have added texture such that a reproduction of an oil painting can have the texture of oil paint on canvas or a picture of a lizard can actually have the texture of lizard skin. It seems intuitive that the added dimensionality would add to the perceived quality of the image, but to what degree? To examine the question of the impact of a third dimension on the perceived quality of printed images, a survey was conducted asking participants to determine the relative worth of sets of print products. Pairs of print products were created, where one print of each pair was 2D and the other was the same image with added texture. Using these print pairs, thirty people from the Rochester Institute of Technology community were surveyed. The participants were shown seven pairs of print products and asked to rate the relative value of each pair by apportioning a specified amount of money between the two items according to their perception of what each item was worth. The results indicated that the addition of a third dimension or texture to the printed images gave a clear boost to the perceived worth of the printed products. The rating results were 50% higher for the 3D products than the 2D products, with the participants apportioning approximately 60% of each dollar to the 3D product and 40% to the 2D product. About 80% of the time participants felt that the 3D items had at least some added value over their 2D counterparts, about 15% of the time, they felt the products were essentially equivalent in value and 4% of the time they rated the 3D product as having lower value than the 2D product. The comments of the participants indicated that they were clearly impressed with the 3D technology and their ratings indicated that they were might be willing to pay more for it, meaning advertisers and package designers will be interested in using this technology in their products. As 3D printing technology emerges it will add yet another dimension to the work of print quality analysis.
Critical Interaction Domains between Bloom Syndrome Protein and RAD51

The American Cancer Society’s 2009 statistics estimate that 1 out of every 4 deaths is cancer related. Genomic instability is a common feature of cancerous states, and an increase in genomic instability is the diagnostic feature of Bloom Syndrome. Bloom Syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by a predisposition to cancer, is caused by mutations of the BLM gene. This study focuses on the partnerships of BLM protein to RAD51, a Homologous Recombination repair protein essential for survival. A systematic set of BLM deletion fragments were generated to refine the protein binding domains of BLM to RAD51 and determine interacting regions of BLM and ssDNA. Results show that RAD51 and ssDNA interact in overlapping regions; BLM100–214 and BLM1317–1367. The overlapping nature of these regions suggests a preferential binding for one partner that could function to regulate homologous recombination and therefore helps to clarify the role of BLM in maintaining genomic stability.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli)

Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for golden mouse using an enrichment protocol. The markers were tested on 37 golden mouse specimens collected from southern Illinois. Numbers of alleles ranged from 3 to 11 with observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.29 to 0.92. Three of the loci exhibit nominally significant excesses of homozygosity, but none were significant following a correction for multiple tests. None of the loci appear to be linked. Although golden mouse is not considered at risk in the core of its range, peripheral populations in several states are considered threatened or otherwise at risk due to low population densities. Because of the evolutionary distinctiveness of Ochrotomys, species-specific primers are needed to identify patterns of gene flow among core and peripheral populations.
The thermic effect of carbohydrate versus fat feeding in man.

Metabolic rate increases and heat is produced after eating a meal. This response has been termed the thermic effect of feeding. While some studies have found this response to be defective in obese subjects others have not. It is also unclear how dietary composition affects the thermic response to a meal. In this study, we evaluated the thermic response to both a high carbohydrate meal and a high fat meal in normal and obese subjects. Using the ventilated hood technique, metabolic rate was measured in seated subjects before and for 6 hours following a meal. Blood samples for insulin, glucose, and catecholamines were withdrawn each half hour to evaluate their possible role in regulating the thermic response. The overall response to the high carbohydrate meal was greater than to high fat (0.26 +/- .07 v 0.18 +/- 0.11 kcal/min; P less than .01). The thermic response to the high fat meal, however, was similar in the normal and obese groups. Although the 6-hour response to the high carbohydrate diet was not statistically different between the subject groups, there was a trend toward a diminished response in the obese relative to the normal group during the first 3 hours following the meal (0.30 +/- .06 v .22 +/- .09; P = .06). In our seated subjects, the thermic response to a meal accounted for 8%-13% of the total calories ingested, with the highest value found in the normal weight subjects after a high carbohydrate meal. No significant thermic response was noted when subjects were fed a noncaloric meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An electricity trade model for microgrid communities in smart grid

Distributed microgrid network is the major trend of future smart grid, which contains various kinds of renewable power generation centers and a small group of energy users. In the distributed power system, each microgrid acts as a “prosumer” (producer and consumer) and maximizes its own social welfare. In addition, different microgrids can interact among each other through trading over a marketplace. In this paper, two models are introduced for microgrids to deal with the welfare maximization problems. In the first model, a microgrid is considered as a closed economy group and decides the optimal power generation distribution in terms of time. In the second model, each microgrid can trade with its neighborhoods and thus achieve a welfare increase from making use of its comparative advantage on power generation during a certain period of time. For each model, an efficient solution is presented. Experimental result shows the accuracy and efficiency of our presented solutions.