cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moral self-identity and the social-cognitive theory of virtue.

This chapter describes a social cognitive theory of moral identity. It trades on important themes in ethical theory that emphasize the importance of second-order desires and strong evaluation. After placing moral identity within an historical context of moral development research, and describing Blasi’s pioneering work in reaction to it, I outline the key elements of the social cognitive alternative that emphasizes the accessibility and centrality of moral identity within the working self-concept; and the role of situations in activating or deactivating its accessibility. The empirical warrant for this approach is reviewed. A claim is made that social cognitive moral identity theory is a progressive research program; and has implications for current debates about the situationism and the stability of moral dispositions. Moral Self-Identity and the Social-Cognitive Theory of Virtue “Something there is that doesn’t love a wall, that wants it down.” --Robert Frost (The Mending Wall) I. An Historical Introduction There is a discernible historical arc to the shifting boundary between ethical theory and empirical psychology. For much of the twentieth century American psychology, bound in the grip of behaviorism, was only too ready to shield empirical investigation from the intrusions of speculative metaphysics. The behaviorist stance on morality deemed ordinary moral language unsuitable for empirical inquiry without operational translation into the constructs of behavioral science. What was “good” and “right” or what one “ought” to do was behavior bound up with proper reinforcement schedules or else the product of reinforcement history. A shared problematic and shared language was hard to find, and so the boundary between philosophy and behavioral psychology was fenced, guarded and rarely breached. But all of this changed with the rise of the cognitive developmental paradigm associated with Piaget and Kohlberg (and the cognitive revolution more generally). Piaget’s (1971) genetic epistemology attempted to show how investigations into the stage properties of children’s understanding of logic, mathematical and scientific concepts could yield criteria for discerning progress in these disciplines. The facts of child development made suspect commitments to both tabula rasa empiricism and Cartesian rationalism. Similarly, Kohlberg attempted to show how the ontogenesis of justice reasoning could yield grounds for rejecting ethical relativism. He argued that “empirical evidence could nullify or undermine the plausibility of our normative claims” (Kohlberg et al., 1983, p. 165). Just as Piaget appealed to developmental criteria to discern progress in science and philosophy, so too did Kohlberg (1969) press developmental claims against inadequate meta-theoretical positions in psychology (e.g., associationism, maturationism) and to appraise the adequacy of different forms of moral reasoning (as represented by stages of moral judgment).
Advanced pyramid broadcasting for video-on-demand

Broadcasting protocols are used to reduce the bandwidth requirement of distributing popular videos in video-on-demand system. The scheme proposed in (Z. Zhang et al., 2004) claimed that it can reduce the client buffer requirement and the server network bandwidth of mirrored-pyramid broadcasting scheme (H.S. Ma et al., 2000) without increasing the client access latency. The idea in (Z. Zhang et al., 2004) itself is good and has the potential to achieve the claimed good performance. However, the mismatch between the video segmentation and broadcasting protocol leaves the results problematic. We present the remedy in this paper and analyze the performance of the revised broadcasting protocol. We compare the revised protocol with the enhanced mirrored-pyramid broadcasting protocol (H.S. Ma et al., 2000); the results show that the revised protocol does improve the client buffer requirement without sacrificing the server bandwidth and client access latency.
Feature Extraction and Classification of Underwater Acoustic Signals

This study explores the ability of wavelets and wavelet packets to extract information from non-stationary signals for the purpose of classification. The signals used were of two types: non-stationary signals from three marine mammals (dolphins, porpoises, and sperm whales), and quasi-stationary signals from an experimental undersea vehicle. This study also focuses on the impact of the compression ratio and the basis selection on the performance of a given classifier.
Identifying consumerist privately owned public spaces: The ideal type of mass private property

Over the past several decades, more and more social activities happen in places which are privately owned. Scholars have called these properties ‘mass private property’ (MPP): the private properties that are open to the mass. However, while MPP arouses scholars’ attention and interest, there is not a clear understanding of what type of physical space is a ‘mass private property’. Rather, the concept of MPP is usually used in an intuitive and taken-for-granted way without examining the ideal essences of diverse MPP spaces. This essay clarifies the criteria by developing the ideal type of MPP. Although MPPs are diverse, to some extent they should share the ideal-typing features of real-estate, legal and sociological dimensions.
Rational Design of Selective and Bioactive Inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteasome

The 20S core particle of the proteasome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a promising, yet unconventional, drug target. This multimeric peptidase is not essential, yet degrades proteins that have become damaged and toxic via reactions with nitric oxide (and/or the associated reactive nitrogen intermediates) produced during the host immune response. Proteasome inhibitors could render Mtb susceptible to the immune system, but they would only be therapeutically viable if they do not inhibit the essential 20S counterpart in humans. Selective inhibitors of the Mtb 20S were designed and synthesized on the bases of both its unique substrate preferences and the structures of substrate-mimicking covalent inhibitors of eukaryotic proteasomes called syringolins. Unlike the parent syringolins, the designed analogues weakly inhibit the human 20S (Hs 20S) proteasome and preferentially inhibit Mtb 20S over the human counterpart by as much as 74-fold. Moreover, they can penetrate the mycobacterial cell envelope and ...
Trump’s Executive Order on Immigration — Detrimental Effects on Medical Training and Health Care

President Donald Trump’s executive order banning nationals of seven countries from entering the United States will detrimentally affect graduate medical education — and the U.S. health care system, in which international medical graduates work in underserved areas.
Can we safely decrease intensive care unit admissions for children with high grade isolated solid organ injuries? Using the shock index, pediatric age-adjusted and hematocrit to modify APSA admission guidelines

Abstract Background In 2000, the American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) disseminated consensus practice guidelines for the management of blunt liver and splenic injury which included intensive care unit (ICU) admission for children with grade IV injuries. We sought to determine if we could better predict which children with isolated solid organ injuries (SOI) underwent an ICU-level intervention, thus necessitating ICU admission. Methods Children with isolated liver, spleen, or kidney injuries admitted to the ICU from November 2003 to August 2015 were identified in our trauma registry, and data were extracted from the medical record. ICU-level interventions were defined as transfusion, vasopressor use, intubation, and operative/procedural intervention. Shock index and pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA) was calculated for all patients. The sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPV) were determined. Results 133 children met inclusion criteria. 19 (14.3%) required ICU-level intervention, and 114 (85.1%) did not. 95% ( n =18) of the intervention group had either an elevated SIPA or a hematocrit n =25) of patients in the no intervention group. Sensitivity was 95%, and NPV was 99%. Conclusions Limiting ICU admission in children with isolated SOI to those with an elevated SIPA or hematocrit Type of study Diagnostic study. Level of evidence III.
Calculation of Heat Exchanger Strength with Residual Service Life Estimation

An example of assessment of condenser casing strength taking account of extending the casing life 30 years beyond the design life is discussed.
Simulation and modeling of a new medium access control scheme for multi-beam directional networking

In this paper, we analyze a new medium access control (MAC) protocol for a multi-beam directional network via high-fidelity simulation using a real-time emulator. Multi-beam directional systems are a novel approach to networking which leverage recent advances in physical layer technology, allowing formation of multiple simultaneous beams in both transmit and receive. These multiple beams significantly reduce the burden some coordination between the transmitter and receiver and enable an uncoordinated, distributed random access scheme that offers high throughput. This paper is the first to characterize the performance of such systems using real-time simulation tools. In addition to implementing the random access scheme, several MAC features are developed that allow for robust communication, such as location tracking and extrapolating neighbor transmit or receive state. For this paper, we implement our protocol in both simulation and a new Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE) model that allows for real-time, high fidelity performance evaluation. Using EMANE allows us to better understand the performance of the newly developed protocols by running real-time applications through the network. We show that our results from the EMANE model and simulator coincide with the theoretical network throughput, which allows for empirical characterization of scenarios in which theoretical results have not been derived. Furthermore, through our work, we stress test the EMANE model and quantify the maximum number of nodes that we can operate in real-time. Through this testing, two bottlenecks are identified: 1) infrastructure issues, where the amount of data passed between the servers is too high, and 2) computation issues, where calculating the interference on the packets becomes too time consuming.
Low serum sodium levels at hospital admission: Outcomes among 2.3 million hospitalized patients.

Background Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder among hospitalized patients. Controversies still exist over the relationship between hyponatremia and outcomes of hospitalized patients. Methods To analyze the association of low serum sodium levels at hospital admission with in-hospital mortality and patient disposition and to compare the distribution of the risk of death associated with hyponatremia across the lifespan of hospitalized patients, we conducted an observational study of 2.3 million patients using data extracted from the Cerner Health Facts database between 2000 and 2014. Logistic regression models were used in the analyses. Results At hospital admission 14.4% of hospitalized patients had serum sodium levels [Na] <135 mEq/L. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, we found that the risk of in-hospital mortality significantly increases for [Na] levels < 135 or ≥143 to ≤145 mEq/L compared to the reference interval of 140 to <143 mEq/L (p<0.001). We observed similar trends for the relationship between [Na] levels and discharge to hospice or to a nursing facility. We demonstrated that younger age groups (18 to <45, 45 to <65) had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality compared to older age groups (65 to <75, ≥75) for [Na] levels <130 mEq/L or 143 to ≤145 mEq/L (p<0.001). Conclusions Hyponatremia is common among hospitalized patients and is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, discharge to hospice or to a nursing facility. The risk of death and other outcomes was more evident for [Na] <135 mEq/L. The mortality associated with low [Na] was significantly higher in younger versus older patients.
Corpus-Based Studies of Learner Talk: Conclusion and Future Directions

This book explored learner oral production in university-level ESL (and specifically, EAP) classrooms in the USA from a corpus-based approach, utilizing specialized corpora of learner talk. We described and interpreted the structure of learner (and teacher) spoken language in the classroom, language experience interviews, and peer response/feedback activities. Our discussions also focused on ideas related to corpus design and development, implications for SLA, semantic content analysis, and some methodological limitations of current research. A summary of our concluding remarks, suggestions for pedagogy and practice, and future research directions is presented below.
A Unique Safety Signal: Social-Support Figures Enhance Rather Than Protect From Fear Extinction:

Following treatment of fear-related disorders, return of fear remains a common occurrence. Currently, the presence of safety signals during treatment procedures is considered harmful, yet recent findings have demonstrated that certain safety signals (social-support figures) lead to enhanced fear extinction and thus might reduce return of fear. Here, we tested the effect of social-support-figure (vs. stranger) images on fear extinction outcomes. We found that, for conditional fear stimuli paired with social-support-figure images during extinction, return of fear was inhibited both immediately after extinction and during a fear reinstatement test 24 hr later; however, return of fear occurred for conditional stimuli paired with images of strangers. These findings suggest that social-support stimuli have unique safety-signaling properties that might enhance fear extinction and improve treatment outcomes for individuals with fear-related disorders.
Multi-Task Learning of Speaker-Role-Based Neural Conversation Models

Building a persona-based conversation agent is challenging owing to the lack of large amounts of speaker-specific conversation data for model training. This paper addresses the problem by proposing a multi-task learning approach to training neural conversation models that leverages both conversation data across speakers and other types of data pertaining to the speaker and speaker roles to be modeled. Experiments show that our approach leads to significant improvements over baseline model quality, generating responses that capture more precisely speakers’ traits and speaking styles. The model offers the benefits of being algorithmically simple and easy to implement, and not relying on large quantities of data representing specific individual speakers.
The Evidence Base for the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program Constructs

Objectives:The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program requires grantees to demonstrate program improvement as a condition of funding. The MIECHV program monitors grantee progress in federally mandated conceptual areas (ie, benchmarks) that are further subcategorized into related sub-areas or constructs (eg, breastfeeding). Each construct has an associated performance measure that helps MIECHV collect data on program implementation and performance. In 2016, MIECHV modified the constructs and associated performance measures required of grantees. Our objective was to identify whether the constructs were supported by the home visiting literature.Methods:We conducted an evaluation of one of the MIECHV program’s benchmarks (Benchmark 1: Maternal and Newborn Health) for alignment of the Benchmark 1 constructs (preterm birth, breastfeeding, depression screening, well-child visit, postpartum care, and tobacco cessation referrals) with home visiting evidence. In March 2016, we ...
Adaptively Scanned Compressive Multiphoton Microscopy

A depth sectioning, compressive multiphoton microscope based on spatio-temporal focusing of spatially patterned fs-laser pulses is demonstrated. Rapid adaptive spatial sampling is used to achieve random access imaging across a wide field of view.
IEEE-CPMT Special Topic: Advances in Tools/Techniques for Microelectronic Package Failure Analysis

Recent advances in microelectronic package technologies such as 2.5-D, 3-D, and wafer-level packaging have delivered rapid breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry by providing better device performance, power efficiency, and cost reduction. Reduction of feature sizes for these technologies has also required advancements in tools and techniques necessary to observe and investigate failures seen in these complex devices. The complexity of these devices has challenged researchers to modify conventional tools and invent smart methods for enhanced fault isolation (FI) and failure analysis (FA) capabilities. This Special Topics Section is a collection of various fault isolation and failure analysis advances made by research groups active in this area. Dissemination of all this research in one Special Topics Issue will greatly benefit the researchers working in the area of failure analysis of semiconductor devices. We capture the highlights of this Special Topic below.
An Equation of State for Calculating the Thermodynamic Properties of Helium at Low Temperatures

A new equation of state for helium gas with six adjustable constants is presented. This relation is adequate for the representation of the P-V-T data and for the calculation of the entropy and enthalpy for a range of temperatures from 20 to 300 K, with pressures to 100 atm. A comparison of calculated volumes with the original data indicates an average arithmetic deviation of O.07 percent and maximum deviations of O.5 percent. A comparison of calculated pressures with original data indicates about the same average and maximum deviations. A temperature-entropy chart and a compressibility factor chart have been prepared from values calculated by this equation of state. Values of density, enthalpy and entropy, are tabulated with temperature and pressure as independent arguments.
Description of Data Used from the Ongoing BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys

Household consumer expenditure surveys, which represent one of the oldest forms of acquiring economic data, had their origin in a concern with differences in consumption between the rich and the poor in England in the late 18th century. In the 1790s, two seminal budget surveys of workingmen were developed by David Davies (1795) and Frederick Eden (1797). 1 In 1787, Davies, then a rector in the parish of Barkham, undertook a study of the working poor in his parish and began by collecting detailed budgets of six “typical” parish agricultural laborers. He circulated these budgets widely among friends and acquaintances throughout the kingdom and encouraged them to undertake the same. In 1795, Davies edited 127 of these budgets and used them as an empirical basis in a dispassionate plea for a minimum-wage law tied to the price of wheat. Both the budgets and plea were published in the Case of Labourers in Husbandry. Two years later, Frederick Eden, who was concerned with the effects on the working poor of the high price of wheat in 1794 and 1795, published the budgets (using essentially the same format as Davies) for 60 agricultural families and 26 non-agricultural families from various parts of England as an appendix in his three-volume work: The State of the Poor.
Stastical Techniques and Location Discovery

In this chapter, we survey the relevant literature of the related fields along the following line: Location Discovery in wireless ad hoc sensor networks, statistical techniques including error modeling and regression, linear, and nonlinear function optimization.
Intracellular microRNA quantification in intact cells: a novel strategy based on reduced graphene oxide-based fluorescence quenching

Nanomaterials have been proposed as key components in biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery since they offer distinctive advantages over conventional approaches. The unique chemical and physical properties of graphene make it possible to functionalize and develop protein transducers, therapeutic delivery vehicles, and microbial diagnostics. In this study, we evaluate reduced graphene oxide as a potential nanomaterial for quantification of microRNAs including their structural differentiation in vitro in solution and inside intact cells. Our results provide evidence for the potential use of graphene nanomaterials as a platform for developing devices that can be used for microRNA quantitation as biomarkers for clinical applications.
Contract Options and Performance: The Case of Major League Baseball

This study looks to understand whether the inclusion of optional years on Major League Baseball player contracts impacts player performance. Contract options are a feature included in about 13% of new contracts given to batters from the years 2009 to 2017. There are four common types of option: club, mutual, player, and vesting. How an option affects incentives for player effort will likely depend on the type of option. It is likely that effort will be disincentivized when the team has the final decision on whether to exercise the option. This prediction is tested empirically. The results suggest that having a club or vesting option leads to diminished performance by players.
The half life of plutonium-239

Abstract The alpha-particle-emission rates of solutions of plutonium-239 metal were determined from defined-solid-angle-counter and liquid-scintillation-counter measurements. These results were combined with composition data obtained from other laboratories and the half life of 239 Pu was calculated to be 24,112 yr. Associated with this value is a standard deviation of the mean of ±16yr and a systematic error of ±50yr.
Beyond Belief: How Membership in Congregations Affects the Fertility of U.S. Mormons and Jews

Scholars have long recognized that participation in religious congregations is strongly linked to fertility outcomes, and this relationship has practical implications for religious, social and political life in the United States. Yet, the way in which congregational participation affects fertility is not well understood. The Theory of Conjunctural Action suggests that congregational participation affects fertility both by teaching schemas that valorize family formation and by creating material conditions conducive to family formation. However, other research found that congregational participation was simply a proxy for learned schemas, with no additional impact on fertility. The present study explores this question using the Pew Research Center’s 2011 National Survey of Mormons and the 2013 Survey of U.S. Jews. These two minority religious groups represent similarly pronatalist religious traditions but opposite extremes in terms of both fertility (i.e., Mormons have higher fertility) and congregational participation (i.e., Mormons have higher participation). The analysis reveals that congregational participation and intra-group friendships have an independent effect on fertility, even controlling for learned schemas. This suggests that the influence of group participation on fertility is not solely due to its impact on learned schemas, but also due to the impact of material elements such as religious social networks. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
From Cocktail Napkin to Concept Feasibility: Spacecraft Design in Early Formulation with TATER

The Innovation Foundry at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is developing a new tool for rapid design, tradespace evaluation, and feasibility assessment of planetary science mission concepts in the earliest stages of formulation. The Tool for Architectural Tradespace Exploration and Refinement, or “TATER”, will encompass a broad set of analyses covering the driving factors needed to describe and compare concepts, from trajectories and technologies to cost and risk assessment and science value. At the core of TATER is a spacecraft design model suite, which allows a single user to design a self-consistent spacecraft with limited information. TATER estimates mass, power, and cost at the subsystem level, key design metrics that can be used to assess a concept's likelihood of meeting requirements. Thus, TATER provides users with a quantified basis for comparing design options early in the concept maturity timeline, so that the most promising options can be identified and selected for further development. Built on a framework of intertwined analyses, TATER incorporates both analytical relationships and empirical scaling models. The data sources behind the empirical models include historical actuals, proposals, and established rules-of-thumb. Originally constructed in Phoenix ModelCenter, TATER now utilizes the JPL Integrated Modeling Environment (IME), a web-based software architecture developed in-house for JPL's concurrent engineering teams. This paper describes the TATER data structure and analyses in detail, including the required inputs and expected outputs from the spacecraft design model. Additionally, the results of verification and validation activities are presented, comparing the output of TATER to that of higher-fidelity design models. These results have revealed some areas to be improved, but demonstrate that TATER is ready for pilot use in early formulation studies for preliminary feasibility checks.
A New Hybrid Model for Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting

Nowadays electricity load forecasting is important to further minimize the cost of day-ahead energy market. Load forecasting can help utility operators for the efficient management of a demand response program. Forecasting of electricity load demand with higher accuracy and efficiency can help utility operators to design reasonable operational planning of generation units. But solving the problem of load forecasting is a challenging task since electricity load is affected by previous history load, several exogenous external factors (i.e., weather variables, social variables, working day or holiday), time of day, and season of the year. To solve the problem of short-term load forecasting (STLF) and further improve the forecasting accuracy, in this paper we have proposed a novel hybrid STLF model with a new signal decomposition and correlation analysis technique. To this end, load demand time series is decomposed into some regular low frequency components using improved empirical mode decomposition (IEMD). To compensate for the information loss during signal decomposition, we have incorporated the effect of exogenous variables by performing correlation analysis using T-Copula. From the T-Copula analysis, peak load indicative binary variable is derived from value at risk (VaR) to improve the load forecasting accuracy during peak time. The data obtained from IEMD and T-Copula is applied to deep belief network for predicting the future load demand of specific time. The proposed data driven method is validated on real time data from the Australia and the United States of America. The performance of proposed load forecasting model is evaluated in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) & root mean square error (RMSE). Simulation results verify that, the proposed model provides a significant decrease in MAPE and RMSE values compared to traditional empirical mode decomposition based electricity load forecasting.
Pulmonary artery pulsatility index predicts prolonged inotrope/pulmonary vasodilator use after implantation of continuous flow left ventricular assist device

Objective Predictors of right ventricle (RV) dysfunction after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation in children are not well described. We explored the association of preimplantation Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility index (PAPi) and other hemodynamic parameters as predictors of prolonged postoperative inotropes/pulmonary vasodilator use after CF-LVAD implantation. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Single tertiary care pediatric referral center. Patients Patients who underwent CF-LVAD implantation from January 2012 to October 2017. Interventions Preimplantation invasive hemodynamic parameters were analyzed to evaluate the association with post-CF-LVAD need for prolonged (>72 hours) use of inotropes/pulmonary vasodilators. Measurements and main results Preimplantation cardiac catheterization data was available for 12 of 44 patients who underwent CF-LVAD implant during the study period. Median (IQR) age and BSA of the cohort were 15.3 years (10.2, 18) and 1.74 m2 (0.98, 2.03). Group 1 (n = 6) included patients with need for prolonged inotropes/pulmonary vasodilator use after CF-LVAD implantation and Group 2 (n = 6) included those without. Baseline demographic parameters, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and markers of RV afterload (pulmonary vascular resistance, PA compliance and elastance) were similar among the two groups. PAPi was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2 (0.96 vs 3.6, respectively; P = .004). Post-LVAD stay in the intensive care unit was longer for patients in group 1 (46 vs 23 days, P = .52). Brain natriuretic peptide was significantly higher at 3 months after implantation in group 1; P = .01. Conclusions The need for inotropes/pulmonary vasodilators in the postoperative period can be predicted by the preimplantation intrinsic RV contractile reserve as assessed by PAPi rather than the markers of RV afterload. Further investigation and correlation with clinical outcomes is needed.
Direct Observation of Transmetalation from a Neutral Boronate Ester to a Pyridine(diimine) Iron Alkoxide.

Transmetalation of the neutral boronate esters, (2-benzofuranyl)BPin and (2-benzofuranyl)BNeo (Pin = pinacolato, Neo = neopentylglycolato), to a representative pyridine(diimine) iron alkoxide compl...
A Comparison of Smoking History in the Electronic Health Record With Self-Report.

Introduction Knowing patients’ smoking history helps guide who may benefit from preventive services such as lung cancer screening. The accuracy of smoking history electronic health records remains unclear. Methods This was a secondary analysis of data collected from a portal-based lung cancer screening decision aid. Participants of an academically affiliated health system, aged 55–76 years, completed an online survey that collected a detailed smoking history including years of smoking, years since quitting, and smoking intensity. Eligibility for lung cancer screening was defined using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services criteria. Data analysis was performed May–December 2018, and data collection occurred between November 2016 and February 2017. Results A total of 336 participants completed the survey and were included in the analysis. Of 175 participants with self-reported smoking intensity, 72% had packs per day and 62% had pack-years recorded in the electronic health record. When present, smoking history in the electronic health records correlated well with self-reported years of smoking (r =0.78, p≤0.0001) and years since quitting (r =0.94, p≤0.0001). Self-reported smoking intensity, including pack-years (r =0.62, p Conclusions The electronic health records frequently misses critical elements of a smoking history, and when present, it often underestimates smoking intensity, which may impact who receives lung cancer screening.
Learning and Practice Environment

The environment in which physicians learn, train, and ultimately practice medicine is a critical component in not only the advancement of clinicians, but also in their wellbeing. In order to teach, prepare, and retain clinicians in the ever-changing healthcare atmosphere, healthcare systems and physicians must continually adapt and work together to optimize this interaction. This chapter will examine the 12 domains of the learning and practice environment as outlined in the National Academy of Medicine’s Conceptual Model for Clinician Wellbeing and Resilience. Each domain will be evaluated with special regard to clinician wellness and resilience and identify factors that contribute to physician burnout, while also working to elucidate practical solutions to combat this epidemic plaguing physicians in all stages of their career.
A Comprehensive PD Study Method on Power Modules with Ultra-high dv/dt Output

The unprecedented high speed switching of Wide Bandgap (WBG) power devices may change the partial discharge (PD) mechanism inside power modules. However, very few research have been published on PD research methods and PD behaviors under ultra-high dv/dt excitation voltages. To address these problems, a three-step PD study method is proposed in order to comprehensively study PD mechanism inside power module with ultra-high dv/dt excitation voltages. The three-step study consists of PD tests under single pulse, repetitive pulses, and Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) pulses. The preliminary results of single pulse tests show influences of the rise time and the pulse width on PD behaviors in power modules. Based on test data, a PD model based on the bubble expansion theory is provided to explain results. The results presented in this paper can provide a better understanding of PD mechanism in power modules under high dv/dt excitations.
Mapping out the research field of adult education and learning

The field of adult education research and the types of research needed to sustain and further the field has been debated for decades. In their edited text Mapping Out the Research of Adult Educatio...
Systems to Address Burnout and Support Well-being: Implications for Intensive Care Unit Nurses

Burnout, a syndrome resulting from chronic job-related stress in the workplace, is an extensive problem among clinicians working in health care organizations. The 3 dimensions of burnout include emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and loss of a sense of professional efficacy. Approximately 35% of all nurses experience symptoms of burnout. Critical care nurses are at risk for chronic job stress because of the complexity and pace of the critical care environment. Addressing the individual and systems-related factors that stem from the work environment is essential in order to achieve well-being among all clinicians. Strategies aimed at fostering individual resilience and well-being must be coupled with systemic solutions that create a work environment that removes impediments to ethically grounded practice, restores fulfillment achieved in clinical practice, and fosters resilience and well-being.
Investigation and analysis of reproductive health status of female street cleaners in a district

Objective: To explore the reproductive health status of the female street cleaners in Chaoyang district of Beijing and its influencing factors. Methods: In July 2018, a total of 647 questionnaires were sent out to female road cleaning and sanitation workers in the whole district, 613 of which were valid, with an effective rate of 94.7%. Frequency or percentage (%) is used for statistical description of counting data, and mean standard deviation is used for measurement data. The influencing factors were analyzed by 2 test. Results: The average age of 613 female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing was 42.01 (SD=6.69) years old, including 535 married female workers (87.28%) , 356 middle school and below educated (58.08%) , 292 non Beijing registered (47.63%) , accounting for (/613) , (/613) female workers working hours >8 hours per day 110 (17.94%) , weekly rest <2 days 341 (55.63%) . 144 (23.49%) women workers did not have regular gynecological examination, 119 (19.41%) had reproductive tract infections, 177 (28.87%) had abnormal menstruation in recent 6 months. Drinking, sexual behavior outside marriage, night shift and job satisfaction were all the influencing factors (P<0.05) . The increasing age, working years, drinking, household registration in other places and the decreasing satisfaction of women workers＇ rights and interests protection were all the influencing factors (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The reproductive health status of female road sweepers in Chaoyang District of Beijing is not optimistic.
Supporting LGBT Communities in the COVID-19 Pandemic

LGBT individuals suffer disproportionately in the COVID-19 pandemic. They are likely to be exposed to COVID-19 in greater numbers and suffer to a greater degree if they contract the disease. They are more likely to lose access to essential medical services, including gender confirmation and HIV medications. They are likely to suffer economic harms to a greater degree, since they are more likely to work in industries with exposure too, and likely to close because of COVID-19. They also are more likely to experience mental and emotional harms arising from the isolation, or sheltering-in-place COVID-19 necessitates. Such isolation often occurs with hostile or violent family members, while LGBT safe-spaces, organizations, institutions, and events, such as LGBT pride and LGBT centers are shut down or go virtual. This can take a toll on physical, emotional, and mental health, especially for youth and elderly LGBT individuals. Finally, when LGBT individuals seek assistance from elsewhere, including through social services, homeless shelters, and welfare, they often suffer discrimination. All these harms fall even more disproportionally on LGBT people of color and transgender individuals. To combat these harms, policymakers must implement stringent antidiscrimination protections and policies that cover the needs of LGBT individuals such as access to certain medical services. But more importantly, they should ensure that the LGBT organizations providing these services in a safe space remain funded and open. They should also collect data on the LGBT community. This paper was prepared as part of the COVID-19 Policy Playbook: Legal Recommendations for a Safer, More Equitable Future, a comprehensive report published by Public Health Law Watch in partnership with the de Beaumont Foundation and the American Public Health Association.
Patient perspectives on the physical, psycho-social, and financial impacts of diabetic foot ulceration and amputation.

Abstract Aims Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and ulceration are complex and lifelong problems for patients with diabetes which dramatically increase mortality rates. This qualitative study sought to capture detailed personal accounts and insights from patients with a clinical history of DFUs and amputations to better understand patient experiences. Methods Fifteen patients from a tertiary referral center that treats diabetic foot problems were approached for participation. Inclusion criteria included having at least one DFU and being of white, Native American, or Hispanic background. Interviews were conducted by telephone by study staff trained in qualitative data gathering and audio recorded. Results The main themes that emerged around impacts included the heavy burden of managing care, significant loss of ambulatory function, economic stress due to medical care costs and job loss, and emotional suffering tied to these stressors. Conclusions These data illuminate common social and personal impacts of diabetic foot problems across an ethnically and racially diverse and predominantly low-income US sample that expand our understanding of related declines in well-being. Our results indicate a need for proactive mental health assessment post DFUs diagnosis and the diversification of hospital and community-based support systems.
Preforming floral primordia converge on a narrow range of stages at dormancy despite multiple effects of temperature on development.

●Phenological studies often focus on relationships between flowering date and temperature or other environmental variables. Yet in species that preform flowers, anthesis is one stage of a lengthy developmental process, and effects of temperature on flower development in the year(s) before flowering are largely unknown. ●We investigated the effects of temperature during preformation on flower development in Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Using scanning electron microscopy, we established scores for developing primordia and examined effects of air temperature, depth of soil thaw, time of year, and previous stage on development. ●Onset of flower initiation depends on soil thaw, and developmental change is greatest at early stages and during the warmest months. Regardless of temperature and time during the season all basal floral primordia pause development at the same stage prior to whole-plant dormancy. ●Once primordia are initiated, development does not appear to be influenced by air temperature differences within the range of variation among our sites. There may be strong endogenous flower level controls over development, particularly the stage at which morphogenesis ceases prior to dormancy. However, the strength of such internal controls in the face of continuing temperature extremes under a changing climate is unclear.
Vibration Isolation in 3D Printer Using Meta-Structures

Reducing vibrations in a 3D printer is crucial in improving the quality of printed prototypes. Ideally, the noise from the actuators in 3D printers should not hinder the print quality. However, isolating the printer surface from vibrations is challenging. Therefore, in this paper, a novel vibration-isolating frame is designed for building a novel 3D printer. Such a structure would absorb external vibrations and isolate the print-plate, thereby improving the print quality.
Detection of Avocado Sunblotch and Other Viroids Using RNA Filter Paper Capture and RT-PCR.

This method originated due to the need to quickly and sensitively detect Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) in nursery and field trees in California. Optimum sampling protocols were developed for leaf collection from different sized trees based on size and branching as well as for fruit. An ethanol containing buffered extract from 1 g of ground leaf tissue was used as the source of RNA. The extract was absorbed onto small pieces (disks) of Whatman No. 1 filter paper which were then washed and dried. RNA was eluted from the filter paper using sterile water and used as a template in a standard single-tube RT-PCR reaction. The RNA adsorbed on the filter paper disks was quite stable, and the disks could be stored for over 1 year and shipped worldwide at ambient temperature with no noticeable decline in the quality or quantity of the resulting RT-PCR products. The filter paper capture method was expanded to the detection of other viroids including Potato spindle tuber viroid, Peach latent mosaic viroid, and Chrysanthemum stunt viroid and was tested with some viruses as well with minor modifications of the standard protocol.
From Harmonization to Integration in the European Securities Markets

At present the state of integration of the securities markets within the European Economic Community (EEC) can be characterized as follows: traditionally strong centrifugal forces that formerly prevented integration still exist; yet these disintegrating forces are opposed by several centripetal forces, which although not a complete counterbalance, nonetheless encourage the integration of the securities markets.
Neural substrates of child irritability in typically developing and psychiatric populations.

Abstract Irritability is an aspect of the negative affectivity domain of temperament, but in severe and dysregulated forms is a symptom of a range of psychopathologies. Better understanding of the neural underpinnings of irritability, outside the context of specific disorders, can help to understand normative variation but also characterize its clinical salience in psychopathology diagnosis. This study assessed brain activation during reward and frustration, domains of behavioral deficits in childhood irritability. Children (age 6–9) presenting in mental health clinics for extreme and impairing irritability ( n = 26) were compared to healthy children ( n = 28). Using developmentally sensitive methods, neural activation was measured via a negative mood induction paradigm during fMRI scanning. The clinical group displayed more activation of the anterior cingulate and middle frontal gyrus during reward, but less activation during frustration, than healthy comparison children. The opposite pattern was found in the posterior cingulate. Further, in clinical subjects, parent report of irritability was dimensionally related to decreased activation of the anterior cingulate and striatum during frustration. The results of this study indicate neural dysfunction within brain regions related to reward processing, error monitoring, and emotion regulation underlying clinically impairing irritability. Results are discussed in the context of a growing field of neuroimaging research investigating irritable children.
Chapter 3 Aplysia neuropeptides

Publisher Summary The gastropod mollusk, Aplysia californica , is a good model system for the studies of peptides in the central nervous system because of the relatively small number and accessibility of its neurons. The central nervous system in Aplysia consists of about 20,000 neurons, many of which can be easily identified based on size, color, shape, location, and electrical properties. The central nerve cells of Aplysia are clustered into four pairs of symmetric ganglia—the buccal, cerebral, pedal, and pleural ganglia—and a single asymmetric abdominal ganglion. The best studied of the Aplysia ganglia is the abdominal ganglion, which mediates several well characterized reflex and fixed action patterns, as well as a number of visceral functions. The neurons of the paired buccal ganglia are largely responsible for controlling the muscles involved in the biting and swallowing movements of feeding. Many abdominal and buccal ganglion neurons use bioactive peptides as neurotransmitters and hormones in addition to classical transmitter molecules, such as acetylcholine, serotonin and glycine. Both, molecular and cell biological techniques are used to elucidate the structures and functions of several neuropeptides, which are involved in mediating a variety of physiological and behavioral events in Aplysia .
Complex Facets of a Strong Interactor

Strange Beauty Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in Twentieth-Century Physics. George Johnson. Knopf, New York, 1999. 446 pp. $30. ISBN 0-679-43764-9. Johnson illuminates the complexities of the life and science of the Nobel Prize-winner whose contributions to physics include the quark and the Eightfold Way.
Genetic Aspects of Donor Selection

When the first edition of this book was published in 1997, oocyte donation was relatively new, and little had been written about the genetic screening of oocyte donors. No guidelines from professional societies yet existed, and there was no general consensus about what sort of screening was appropriate. Over the past ∼13 years, much has happened – both in the world of oocyte donation as well as in genetics. There are now reasonably well-established and accepted guidelines for oocyte donor screening, and studies that have looked into recipient preferences for genetic screening have also been published. In addition, the number and type of genetic tests that one may consider in the context of egg donor screening have increased over the past decade.