cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A School-Based Mental Health Clinic for Adolescent Mothers

TOPIC: The Department of Mental Health Nursing at Oregon Health Sciences University mental health program at an alternative high school for teenage mothers and their children. PURPOSE: To provide direct mental health services to approximately 50% of the student population. Mental health concerns apparent with this population of young mothers and their children include issues of violence and abuse, depression, developmental delay, and conduct disorder. This paper describes the successes and failures of this mental health program in hopes of helping other schools of nursing establish similar school-based mental health programs in their communities. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage mothers need a safe haven where they can experience trust and acceptance. In the therapeutic atmosphere of this school-based program, young women were able to explore their feelings regarding past violence, learned to nurture their children, and gained an increased sense of self-efficacy. Language: en
An Overview of Pre‐ and Post‐Civil War Antimasonry

(1987). An Overview of Pre‐ and Post‐Civil War Antimasonry. The Historian: Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 494-507.
A robust regression model for a first-order autoregressive time series with unequal spacing: application to water monitoring

Summary. Time series arise often in environmental monitoring settings, which typically involve measuring processes repeatedly over time. In many such applications, observations are irregularly spaced and, additionally, are not distributed normally. An example is water monitoring data collected in Boston Harbor by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority. We describe a simple robust approach for estimating regression parameters and a first-order autocorrelation parameter in a time series where the observations are irregularly spaced. Estimates are obtained from an estimating equation that is constructed as a linear combination of estimated innovation errors, suitably made robust by symmetric and possibly bounded functions. Under an assumption of data missing completely at random and mild regularity conditions, the proposed estimating equation yields consistent and asymptotically normal estimates. Simulations suggest that our estimator performs well in moderate sample sizes. We demonstrate our method on Secchi depth data collected from Boston Harbor.
Development Success in Asia Pacific: An Exercise in Normative-Pragmatic Balance

Preface - Introduction - PART 1: SINGAPORE: A SUPER PRAGMATIC SOCIETY - Social Organization - Dynamic Political Economy - The Vision of the Founding Fathers and Political Institutions - Normative-Pragmatic Balance in a Meritocratic Society - Some General Observations - PART 2: MALAYSIA: ETHNIC DISPARITIES AND SEARCH FOR A NORMATIVE-PRAGMATIC BALANCE - Background and Legacies - The Ethnic Mosaic and the Matrix of Development Process - The Tangled Incorporation Process - Economic and Political Disparities - A Troubled Political Society - PART 3: INDONESIA: CULTURAL ECLECTICISM AND PRAGMATIC APPLICATIONS - Historical Background - The Nature of Social Organization - Political Process - Changing Attitudes - Indigenous Perceptions - PART 4: THAILAND: NORMATIVE HERITAGE AND PRAGMATIC ADJUSTMENTS - Historical and Social Background - Social Organization - Some Public Policies - Political Process - Some General Observations - PART 5: THE PHILIPPINES: UNCRYSTALLIZED NORMATIVE BASE: UNHINGED POLITICAL CYNICISM - Background Factors - Social Organization and Implications for Political Effectiveness - Public Policy - Political Process - PART 6: BRUNEI: AFFLUENT WELFARE STATE, TRADITIONAL NORMS, UNDEVELOPED POLITICAL PROCESS - Historical Legacies - Social Organization - Political Economy - Undeveloped Political Process - Notes and References - Index
A comparative analysis of crime coverage in newspapers in the United States and other countries from 1960–1989: A review of the literature

Abstract Analysis of the literature revealed that constitutional and legal differences between countries had no significant impact on conventional newspaper crime coverage. Research findings in the United States and other countries disclosed four areas in which newspaper crime coverage was essentially the same: there is an overrepresentation of violent crimes and an underrepresentation of property crimes; the percentages of violent crimes reported in newspapers do not match official crime statistics; crime coverage presents a false image of the effectiveness of police and courts in controlling crime and punishing criminals; and newspaper coverage fails to educate readers as to causes of crime or how to avoid personal victimization.
Substitution matrices and hidden Markov models.

ABSTRACT Hidden Markov models (HMMs) provide a general framework for expressing primary sequence consensus. HMMs can effectively be used to model and align protein families, and to search data base...
Exact and approximate dynamics of the quantum mechanical O(N) model

We study the dynamics of the quantum mechanical O(N) model as a specific example to investigate the systematics of a 1/N expansion. The closed time path formalism melded with an expansion in 1/N is used to derive time evolution equations valid to order 1/N (next-to-leading order). The effective potential is also obtained to this order and its properties are elucidated. In order to compare theoretical predictions against numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schro''dinger equation, we consider two initial conditions consistent with O(N) symmetry, one of them a quantum roll, the other a wave packet initially to one side of the potential minimum, whose center has all coordinates equal. For the case of the quantum roll we map out the domain of validity of the large-N expansion. We also discuss the existence of unitarity violation in this expansion, a well-known problem faced by moment truncation techniques. The 1/N results, both static and dynamic, are contrasted with those given by a Hartree variational ansatz at given values of N. A comparison against numerical results leads us to conclude that late-time dynamical behavior, where nonlinear effects are significant, is not well described by either approximation.
MVS/ESA coupled-systems considerations

One of the most important future MVS environments will be to provide on-line transaction processing and decision support through the use of large data “warehouses” in heterogeneous networks. To provide the large capacity and high availability required for this environment, it will be necessary to use multiple, cooperating MVS systems to provide those services. The design of such coupled MVS systems must accommodate a number of factors related to both the general environment and the user's needs, including availability, growth, granularity and scale, systems management, migration and coexistence, and single-system images. In this paper, we describe the system services available with MVS/ESA™ SP Version 4 that can support the coupled-systems environment, and discuss how those services can be exploited.
Evaluation of the efficiency of ultraviolet disinfection systems

One problem in using ultraviolet light (u.v.) for full scale wastewater disinfection is the difficulty in measuring the dose of u.v. and in monitoring the immediate results of disinfection. A bioassay method for measuring the average u.v. intensity and the residence time distribution (RTD) was tested on two small and two large multiple-lamp u.v. systems. Spore suspensions of u.v. resistant Bacillus subtilis were injected into the u.v. units as a spike and collected at a known time from injection in the effluent so that the exposure time was known. The survival could be related to a standard curve of survival vs u.v. dose. In one unit the bioassay measurements of intensity corresponded well with the predictions of a method of calculating intensity across a wide range of fluid u.v. absorbance values. The problems with interpreting the results of a continuous flow of the bioassay spores were demonstrated. The measurement of average intensity, RTD, volume of the chamber and the lamp u.v. output enabled us to assign measures of capacity and efficiency to the systems. The analysis illustrated a means of quantitatively isolating the factors involved in the overall efficiency of the disinfection system and a means of comparing different systems.
Full robotic assistance for laparoscopic tubal anastomosis: a case report.

ABSTRACT Optical magnification and long instrumentation significantly increase surgical tremor, which makes laparoscopic microsuturing difficult. Therefore, laparoscopic tubal anastomosis has not gained wide acceptance among gynecologic surgeons. Robotic assistance facilitates this type of procedure by filtering tremor, reducing the surgeon's fatigue, and scaling the maneuvers. The authors have successfully completed a case of laparoscopic tubal reanastomosis using a "master-slave" robot to perform the standard microsuturing technique. A 33-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, requested reversal of her previous tubal ligature. A right isthmic–isthmic tubal anastomosis was performed laparoscopically, with faithful adherence to the authors' standard technique applied at laparotomy. Full robotic assistance was used to anastomose the tube. A chromotubation test showed anastomotic patency without leak. The patient recovered uneventfully after surgery and was discharged within 24 h after the procedure. Laparoscop...
The use of nonhuman primate models to improve gene transfer into haematopoietic stem cells.

Primitive haematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HSC) have been pursued as highly desirable targets for genetic therapy as technology allowing safe and controllable transfer of exogenous genes into eukaryotic cells was developed a decade ago. Retroviral vectors have been used for the majority of preclinical and clinical studies directed at these cells, because these vectors have a number of the necessary properties, including chromosomal integration, helper-free production systems, and lack of toxicity. Until recently, however, results with these vectors in clinical trials and large animal models indicated efficiency of gene transfer as a major hurdle to be overcome. We have focused on using the rhesus macaque autologous transplantation model to optimize gene transfer to primitive haematopoietic cells, and investigate questions regarding in vivo stem cell behaviour, in a system with proven predictive value for human haematopoiesis. By optimization of transduction conditions using standard vectors, gene transfer efficiency to primitive repopulating cells has reached the clinically relevant range of 5-20% long-term. Alternative vector systems, have also yielded promising results. We have also found that relatively simple manipulation of cell cycle status prior to reinfusion of marked cells results in significantly improved engraftment of transduced cells: this finding may have an impact particularly in the nonablative setting. The high level marking has permitted insertion site analysis and clonal tracking in vivo. Inverse PCR and/or a ligation-mediated PCR procedure have demonstrated that a large number of transduced clones (over 50) contribute to multiple lineages in vivo for up to at least 2 years posttransplantation. Thus far we have little evidence for rapid clonal succession or lineage-restricted engraftment of transduced cells. These and other advances should result in successful gene therapy for a variety of acquired and congenital disorders affecting HSCs and their progeny lineages.
Effects of Ethanol on Recombinant Glycine Receptors Expressed in Mammalian Cell Lines

We examined the effects of acute ethanol exposure on recombinant human glycine receptors transiently transfected into HEK 293 cells and stably transfected into Ltk- fibroblast-like cells. In our study of the effects of ethanol, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. Relatively low concentrations of ethanol (25 mM and 50 mM) did not affect glycine-gated currents in any of the cell lines studied. Higher concentrations of ethanol (100 mM and 200 mM) significantly potentiated glycine responses only in stably transfected Ltk- cells expressing alpha1 and alpha2 subunits and in HEK 293 cells transiently expressing alpha2 subunits. Cells stably expressing alpha1 versus alpha2 glycine receptors were modulated equally by ethanol. Both glycine alpha1 and glycine alpha1beta receptors transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells were insensitive to all concentrations of ethanol tested; however, there was a trend toward potentiation at 100 and 200 mM ethanol concentrations. A population of cells (41-87%) that was sensitive to the potentiating effects of 100 and 200 mM ethanol (defined as more than 10% potentiation) was identified in both cell lines tested. In these sensitive cells, ethanol (100 and 200 mM) produced significant potentiation, independent of the cell line and the glycine receptor subunit tested. Together with published results from studies with Xenopus oocytes, these data indicate that the sensitivity of recombinant glycine receptors to ethanol depends upon the expression system.
Uptake and metabolism of exogenous uridine by superfused rat liver slices.

Abstract Rat liver slices were superfused with solutions of [6-3H] uridine in oxygenated medium (0.1–5mg/ml). The intracellular concentrations (cpm/g) of radioactive uridine, uracil, UMP, UTP and RNA isolated from tissue superfused for 2 h were measured. Concentrations of UMP (nmole/g) were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the steady state intracellular levels of uridine were nearly proportional to the concentrations of the nucleoside in the superfusion medium. In contrast, saturation kinetics characterized the incorporation of the labeled pyrimidine into the other pools studied. The contribution of exogenous uridine and endogenous production to the intracellular pool of UMP was estimated. Increases in the concentrations of superfused uridine did not alter the amount of UMP of endogenous origin but significantly elevated the total level of the nucleotide. The fraction of the UMP pool incorporated into RNA per hour was unaffected by changes in the pool size.
Microbes from apiarian sources: Bacillus spp. in frass of the greater wax moth☆

Abstract Frass from the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , obtained from feral colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera ; from managed honey bee colonies; and from a laboratory culture of the wax moth was sampled for aerobic Gram-positive spore-forming rods. One hundred eighty-five strains belonging to the genus Bacillus were isolated, and most were identified. One hundred and three of the isolates were from frass from the wax moth culture, 61 were from frass from managed honey bee colonies, and 21 were from frass from feral honey bee colonies. The species most frequently isolated varied with the source. Fifty-eight isolates from frass from managed honey bee colonies were B. cereus which was isolated from this source only, but B. sphaericus was the most frequent isolate from frass from the wax moth culture. Bacillus megaterium and organisms belonging to the B. alvei-B. thiaminolyticus spectrum were the most frequent isolates from frass from feral honey bee colonies. Most strains isolated produced caprylate esterase-lipase, leucine aminopeptidase, and phosphoamidase. The numbers of isolates, the species, and the enzymatic activity of the strains varied with the source of the frass. In fact, the complete microbial complement varied with the source. These results are discussed in relation to possible roles of Bacillus spp. in the nutrition of the wax moth as well as the microbial ecology of the honey bee colony.
The Value of Charity in a World of Profit Maximization

This article addresses the issue of whether the traditional values of charity and philanthropy are ethically recommended, and how they may be reconciled with the sometimes contradictory profit maximization value of the capitalist ‘free market’.1 That is, what place does charity have in the context of the free market where profit maximization is the ruling value?In answering this question, the article contrasts the effects of ‘no mercy’ with that of ‘mercy’ behaviour on overall utility maximization, and argues that what may be best ultimately from an economic efficiency point of view (no charity) may not in fact maximize overall net utility when defined qualitatively to include social capital such as psychological states and other quality of life indicators. The ethical imperative of love for one's fellow humans is also considered in the debate between the two approaches. To address this point, I introduce the concept of ‘loving altruism’, and in this context make the case for charitable acts of mercy that...
The synthesis and molecular structures of two cyclobutadienecobalt complexes formed by the reaction between π-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylcobalt and phenyl-2-thienylacetylene

Abstract The reaction between h5-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylcobalt and phenyl-2-thienylacetylene in refluxing xylene has been found to produce 78% yield of (h5-cyclopentadienyl)(h4-diphenyldi-2-thienylcyclobutadiene) cobalt, as well as lesser amounts of a cyclotrimerization product, triphenyltri-2-thienylbenzene, and three isomeric cyclopentadienone cobalt complexes. A single crystal X-ray structural study intended to confirm the disposition of the phenyl and thienyl substituents of the cyclobutadiene ring in the first compound was carried out. The results are inconclusive since there is disorder of these groups in the crystalline lattice. The most likely model involves a mixture of cis and trans isomers plus phenylthienyl disorder. The atoms of the (h5-C5H5)Co(C4) moiety are well behaved crystallographically and have molecular parameters which are within accepted values of recent determinations not plagued by disorder or uncertainty of isomeric purity. A minor biproduct, resulting from the apparent coreaction of phenyl-2-thienyl-acetylene and diphenyldiacetylene with h5-cyclopentadienyldicarbonylcobalt, has also been identified by spectral and X-ray diffraction techniques as the novel complex bis [(h5-cyclopentadienyl)(h4-trans-diphenyl-2-thienylcyclobutadienyl)-cobalt]. The crystallographic study of this compound also revealed disorder in the thienyl groups but it is not as severe as that found for the major product.
Strychnine-resistant mutual inhibition of renshaw cells

Summary Extracellular recordings were obtained from Renshaw cells in anaesthetized spinal cats. The effect of strychnine, administered either intravenously or by microelectrophoresis, was determined upon inhibition produced in a variety of ways. It was observed that the depressant action of glycine was readily antagonized by strychnine administered with small electrophoretic currents. Larger currents ejecting strychnine were invariably effective in reducing inhibition elicited by squeezing a hind paw, but mutual inhibition of Renshaw cells was resistant to strychnine administered either microelectrophoretically or intravenously. Various explanations of the strychnine resistance of mutual inhibition were considered and it was concluded that a likely explanation is that there may be postsynaptic receptors which are sensitive to glycine but are resistant to strychnine. It was thought that it is unlikely that these receptors are ‘GABA’ receptors.
Process Analysis of a Waterfall Project Using Repository Data

The study of repository data has yielded insight into the behaviour of developers and qualities of software artifacts. In this article, we use repository data to investigate the nature and quality ...
Multiphase materials with lignin. XII: Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with lignin-caprolactone copolymers

A previously described starlike copolymer consisting of a lignin derivative (hydroxypropyl lignin) and caprolactone has been blended with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) over a composition range of 0–100%. Solvent-cast films of the blends were examined with regard to thermal, mechanical, crystallinity, and morphological characteristics. In addition, the blends were examined with regard to aging effects. The results suggest that the lignin/caprolactone copolymer forms either a miscible (by thermal analysis) or a nearly miscible (with phase dimensions in the order of 10–30 nm) system in which physical properties are modified over a wide range of modulus and elongation. Blends with copolymer content exceeding 50% reveal partial caprolactone crystallinity that increases with age. Lignin derivative not copolymerized with caprolactone, by contrast, produces macrophase-separated structures with exceedingly poor properties. Lignin caprolactone starlike copolymers are materials ideally suited as plasticizers for PVC. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New results on frequency-locking dynamics of disordered Josephson arrays

Abstract I report some recent theoretical progress on two different problems involving arrays of non-identical junctions. First, we find that Josephson junction series arrays provide the first concrete realization of Kuramoto's famous model of a many-body non-linear dynamical phase transition. Second, our studies of bare 2D arrays show that disorder affects the dynamics in a highly anisotropic way: frequency-locking is surprisingly robust within each row, but even minute amounts of disorder destroys inter-row locking. A simple thought experiment dramatically illustrates the point.
Comparison of L1 and L2 Regularizations in Diffuse Optical Tomography

We compare L1 versus L2 regularizations in diffuse optical tomography (DOT). Both methods were applied after the application of DCA (Depth compensation algorithm). L1 regularization clearly shows improvement in the spatial resolution of DOT images.
A search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager

Abstract Interior to the orbit of Mercury, between 0.07 and 0.21 AU, is a dynamically stable region where a population of asteroids, known as Vulcanoids, may reside. We present the results from our search for Vulcanoids using archival data from the Heliospheric Imager-1 (HI-1) instrument on NASA’s two STEREO spacecraft. Four separate observers independently searched through images obtained from 2008-12-10 to 2009-02-28. Roughly, all Vulcanoids with e ⩽ 0.15 and i ⩽ 15° will pass through the HI-1 field of view at least twice during this period. No Vulcanoids were detected. Based on the number of synthetic Vulcanoids added to the data that were detected, we derive a 3 σ upper limit (i.e. a confidence level >0.997) that there are presently no Vulcanoids larger than 5.7 km in diameter, assuming an R-band albedo of p R = 0.05 and a Mercury-like phase function. The present-day Vulcanoid population, if it exists at all, is likely a small remnant of the hypothetical primordial Vulcanoid population due to the combined effects of collisional evolution and subsequent radiative transport of collisional fragments. If we assume an extant Vulcanoid population with a collisional equilibrium differential size distribution with a power law index of −3.5, our limit implies that there are no more than 76 Vulcanoids larger than 1 km.
Conditional random fields for entity extraction and ontological text coding

Previous research suggests that one field with a strong yet unsatisfied need for automatically extracting instances of various entity classes from texts is the analysis of socio-technical systems (Feldstein in Media in Transition MiT5, 2007; Hampe et al. in Netzwerkanalyse und Netzwerktheorie, 2007; Weil et al. in Proceedings of the 2006 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, 2006; Diesner and Carley in XXV Sunbelt Social Network Conference, 2005). Traditional as well as non-traditional and customized sets of entity classes and the relationships between them are often specified in ontologies or taxonomies. We present a Conditional Random Fields (CRF)-based approach to distilling a set of entities that are defined in an ontology originating from organization science. CRF, a supervised sequential machine learning technique, facilitates the derivation of relational data from corpora by locating and classifying instances of various entity classes. The classified entities can be used as nodes for the construction of socio-technical networks. We find the outcome sufficiently accurate (82.7 percent accuracy of locating and classifying entities) for future application in the described problem domain. We propose using the presented methodology as a crucial step in the process of advanced modeling and analysis of complex and dynamic networks.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the correction of vaginal vault prolapse

Background and Purpose: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy offers a minimally invasive approach to correcting vaginal vault prolapse. We describe our operative technique and review our experience. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of 10 patients who underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy between February 2000 and June 2002 for posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse was performed. Data collected included operative time, complications, hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity. Results: One patient underwent primary laparoscopic repair of an intraoperative bladder injury. Conversion from a laparoscopic to an open procedure was required in one patient because of dense bowel adhesions in the pelvis. The mean analgesic (morphine sulfate equivalent) requirement was 7.3 mg (range 5–21 mg). With a mean follow-up of 16 months (range 5–32 months), prolapse recurred in one patient. Conclusion: In the short term, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy appears to be an effective approach for the treatment of vaginal vault pr...
Trust in cloud computing

There has been a lot of research on user's data security from technical aspects, however, there is not much work done to understand the psychology of consumer's trust in the new Internet marketplace. This paper examines the issues surrounding the difficulty of the average Internet user to trust cloud service providers with the security of their data. By examining user sentiment we attempt to outline the scope of the problem and suggest how cloud service providers may overcome trust issues. We explore the issues of consumer trust in cloud computing by conducting a survey to establish consumer sentiment on trust issues in cloud computing. Finally, we analyze the survey results in a way that will be useful for cloud service providers to assess their approach towards customers and make changes.
Osteopontin-Stimulated Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Causes Cardiomyopathy in the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is a common and lethal form of muscular dystrophy. With progressive disease, most patients succumb to death from respiratory or heart failure, or both. However, the mechanisms, especially those governing cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in DMD, remain less understood. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) are a group of extracellular matrix proteases involved in tissue remodeling in both physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Previous studies have shown that MMP-9 exacerbates myopathy in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. However, the role and the mechanisms of action of MMP-9 in cardiac tissue and the biochemical mechanisms leading to increased levels of MMP-9 in mdx mice remain unknown. Our results demonstrate that the levels of MMP-9 are increased in the heart of mdx mice. Genetic ablation of MMP-9 attenuated cardiac injury, left ventricle dilation, and fibrosis in 1-y-old mdx mice. Echocardiography measurements showed improved heart function in Mmp9-deficient mdx mice. Deletion of the Mmp9 gene diminished the activation of ERK1/2 and Akt kinase in the heart of mdx mice. Ablation of MMP-9 also suppressed the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-12 in the heart of mdx mice. Finally, our experiments have revealed that osteopontin, an important immunomodulator, contributes to the increased amounts of MMP-9 in cardiac and skeletal muscle of mdx mice. This study provides a novel mechanism for development of cardiac dysfunction and suggests that MMP-9 and OPN are important therapeutic targets to mitigating cardiac abnormalities in patients with DMD.
Probabilistic Prediction of Aggregate Traffic Demand Using Uncertainty in Individual Flight Predictions

(Abstract) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) air traffic flow management (TFM) decision-making is based primarily on a comparison of deterministic predictions of demand and capacity at National Airspace System (NAS) elements such as airports, fixes and en- route sectors. The current Traffic Flow Management System (TFMS) and its decision- support tools ignore the stochastic nature of the predictions. Taking into account uncertainty in predictions and moving from deterministic to probabilistic TFM is an important part of the NextGen program that will help TFM specialists make better and more realistic decisions. This paper uses current TFMS data to analyze how uncertainty in prediction of arrival times for individual flights translates into uncertainty in prediction of aggregate traffic demand counts at arrival airports. A methodology was developed for probabilistic prediction of aggregate 15-minute demand counts by using the probability distributions of arrival time predictions for individual flights. A key element of the methodology is that the aggregate demand counts are predicted from extended sets of flights with the estimated times of arrival (ETAs) in both the interval of interest and several adjacent intervals. Numerical examples are presented that illustrate the difference between deterministic and probabilistic traffic demand predictions.
Yap5 Is an Iron-Responsive Transcriptional Activator That Regulates Vacuolar Iron Storage in Yeast

The transporter Ccc1 imports iron into the vacuole, which is the major site of iron storage in fungi and plants. CCC1 mRNA is destabilized under low-iron conditions by the binding of Cth1 and Cth2 to the 3′ untranslated region (S. Puig, E. Askeland, and D. J. Thiele, Cell 120:99-110, 2005). Here, we show that the transcription of CCC1 is stimulated by iron through a Yap consensus site in the CCC1 promoter. We identified YAP5 as being the iron-sensitive transcription factor and show that a yap5Δ strain is sensitive to high iron. Green fluorescent protein-tagged Yap5 is localized to the nucleus and occupies the CCC1 promoter independent of the iron concentration. Yap5 contains two cysteine-rich domains, and the mutation of the cysteines to alanines in each of the domains affects the transcription of CCC1 but not DNA binding. The fusion of the Yap5 cysteine-containing domains to a GAL4 DNA binding domain results in iron-sensitive GAL1-lacZ expression. Iron affects the sulfhydryl status of Yap5, which is indicative of the generation of intramolecular disulfide bonds. These results show that Yap5 is an iron-sensing transcription factor and that iron regulates transcriptional activation.
Inflation as a Tax On Money: Integfration Into Is-Lm Analysis:

Inflation acts as a tax on private monetary wealth, thereby enabling the government to command real resources via inflationary monetary issue. Curiously, the inflation tax on money concept has never been integrated into the IS-LM tradition of macroeconomic analysis. This article illustrates how inflation as a tax on money can be dealt with in IS-LM terms. By remedying this long-standing gap in macroeconomics literature, the IS-LM tradition in macroeconomics is more open to discussion of issues related to the inflation tax.
DataViewer: A scene graph based visualization tool

This article outlines the capabilities of a scientific visualization toolkit called Data Viewer and compares it to analogous software. DataViewer was originally designed for the construction of the visualization part of certain computational steering packages, and consequently it is particularly straightforward to closely couple DataViewer with numerical calculations. Rendering is performed through a highlevel scene graph which facilitates the easy construction of complex visualizations. Data Viewer differs from other such libraries by allowing complex geometrical objects, which efficiently encapsulate large amounts of data, to be used as. nodes in the scene graph. Graphics hardware access is through the OpenGL API.
Hydrodynamic effects on the oscillations of supported bubbles: implications for accurate measurements of surface properties

Abstract Oscillating bubble techniques are commonly used to infer dynamic surface tensions (DST) from the measurements of the dynamic pressure differences across an interface. In inferring DST from such measurements, it is assumed that hydrodynamic efects either are negligible or can be approximated. In virtually all previous studies, the dynamic bubble shapes, which are set by the requisite balance of forces at the bubble surface, are taken to be nearly spherical and assumed to be governed by the static Young–Laplace (Y–L) equation alone. To examine these assumptions, the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations governing the flow of a liquid outside an axisymmetric bubble supported by a narrow capillary are solved simultaneously by a rigorous finite element method. Cases of constant surface tension (pure liquids or solutions with very fast adsorption) are tested to focus on understanding the effects of fluid motion on surface tension measurements. To test the capability of the computational algorithm on describing the hydrodynamics, computed and experimental velocity profiles are compared and found to be consistent, as are the apparent surface tensions. Parameters such as forcing frequency, forcing amplitude, chamber dimensions, and surface tension and viscosity of the liquid are varied to find the limits where pulsating bubbles depart from spherical and where hydrodynamic effects impact the determination of surface tension. In the commercial pulsating bubble surfactometer (PBS), the bubble shapes remain nearly spherical for low pulsation or oscillation rates ( ≤ 100 Hz) with moderate volume amplitudes. Under these conditions, however, two major hydrodynamic effects, due to the inertia of the bulk liquid, or to the liquid viscosity and the viscous forces acting on the chamber walls, are found to be important and can cause large errors in the surface tension measurements. For measurements of low surface tensions ( ≤ 5 mN/m) in a PBS, oscillating bubble methods that do not take into account shape deformations from the spherical are found to be inaccurate, and the results from dynamic bubble shape analysis (solving the Y–L equation for a nonspherical axisymmetric surface) are shown to provide another approach to obtain accurate results provided that hydrodynamic effects can be neglected. At higher frequencies ( ≥ 200 Hz), because of strong convection around the surface of the bubble, the bubble shapes become highly deformed. Further extensions of this algorithm are needed, to include the surfactant diffusion and adsorption effects by which the surface tension may change with time.
In Vitro and Mouse Evaluation of Methods for Protecting Whey Protein and Casein from Ruminal Degradation

Abstract A series of in vitro buffer (protein solubility) and rumen fermentation (ammonia production) studies were conducted to evaluate varying formaldehyde (.25, .5, 1, and 3%) and tannic acid (.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6%), and three heating times (1, 2, and 3h at 104C) on protection of whey protein concentrate and casein from ruminal degradation. Subsequent trials of mouse growth were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of protection of treated proteins. Formaldehyde (.25 to 3%) reduced solubility of whey protein and casein to less than 10% of the untreated in pH 6.8 buffer and approximately 30% of the untreated in pH 2.5 buffer plus pepsin. Formaldehyde reduced ammonia production, indicating protection and reduced solubility of whey protein and casein under rumen conditions in vitro. Tannic acid (.5 to 6%) did not greatly reduce protein solubility and ammonia production. Heat treatment reduced protein solubility to less than 10% of the untreated in pH 6.8 buffer and to 50% of the untreated in pH 2.5 buffer and reduced ammonia production to approximately 20% of the untreated. Growth and feed intake of mice were decreased with 1% formaldehyde treated diets (17% protein), indicating overprotection of protein. Growth decreased as tannic acid increased. Mouse growth also decreased as the length of heat treatment increased. Diets with .5% formaldehydecasein depressed gains. Based on these in vitro and mouse-evaluation studies, formaldehyde less than .5% of the dry weight is required to protect whey protein and casein from ruminal degradation and permit solubilization in the lower intestinal tract.
Macro-Economic Problems, Beliefs About the Poor and Attitudes Toward Welfare Spending

Did the economic “stagflation” and recession of the mid-1970s through the early 1980s increase anti-poor sentiment and opposition to anti-poverty programs, or did they bring about a more sympathetic view of the poor? I present over-time and cross-sectional analyses which show that beliefs about the causes of poverty and attitudes toward welfare were affected little by this recent period of prolonged macro-economic difficulties. On the one hand, I argue that these findings have positive implications for poverty policy, while on the other hand, the stability of prevalent individualistic explanations for poverty in the face of prolonged economic troubles has negative implications. In light of this stability, I suggest that the increase in anti-welfare sentiment indicated in polls and surveys during the 1970s may be illusory.
A six-degrees-of-freedom instrumented linkage for measuring the flexibility characteristics of the ankle joint complex

Abstract Diagnosis of ligament injuries to the ankle joint complex is a difficult clinical problem which relies primarily on manual physical examination and on radiographic evaluations. In an attempt to develop a reliable, quantitative diagnostic tool for such injuries we developed a six-degrees-of-freedom instrumented linkage: (Ankle Flexibility Tester—AFT), capable of measuring the flexibility characteristics of the ankle joint complex in vivo . The unique non-serial structure of this linkage was such that these characteristics were recorded directly in an anatomical coordinate system which enhanced clinical interpretation. The goal of the present study was to develop this linkage and to test its accuracy and its test-retest reliability. The positional accuracy of the AFT was measured and was found to be better than 0.5 mm for translation and 1.2° for rotations. The results obtained from a study conducted on two cadaveric specimens indicate negligible effect of loading rate on the flexibility characteristics within the range of possible manually applied loads. Finally, the reliability of the AFT was examined from test-retest studies conducted on a total of thirteen young healthy volunteers. The intraclass correlation coefficient: (ICC),, calculated from the test-retest data, indicated a reliability higher than 0.85. It was concluded that the high reliability and accuracy of the AFT, its simplicity of operation, the easy alignment procedure, the on-line load-displacement results, and the elimination of complex data processing render this device suitable for use in the clinic as well as in the research laboratory.
Abstract P2-12-12: Efficacy and safety of scalp cooling (SC) treatment for alopecia prevention in women receiving chemotherapy (CTX) for breast cancer (BC).

Background: CTX induced hair loss (HL) is one of the most distressing side effects of BC treatment. Compared to women without CTX induced alopecia, those with alopecia have reported poorer body image, lower self-esteem and worse quality of life. In some cases, CTX induced HL may affect choice of therapy. Given the emotional impact of HL, the potential benefit of preventing CTX induced alopecia is great. We conducted a registry study tracking safety and efficacy in BC patients (pts) treated at our center who independently elected to use Penguin Cold Cap Therapy (PCCT). Methods: Pts who chose to use PCCT during CTX for early stage (ES) or advanced (M) disease signed informed consent to participate in the registry. HL was rated by practitioner assessment using the 5 point Dean9s scale for HL: grade 0 (no HL), 1 ( 75% HL), and by pt assessment using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0–100 where 0 = no HL and 100 = 100% HL. Assessments were every 2–3 weeks at the start of each CTX cycle, and once in follow-up 1–6 months after completing CTX. Additional data collected included pt reported adverse events and pt satisfaction with the success, ease of use, and tolerability of PCCT. Results: 31 pts (29 with ES and 2 with M disease) have registered. 25 have completed CTX and 20/25 are off study. 6 pts currently on CTX and 2 pts who stopped PCCT after cycle1 due to toxicity of CTX rather than issues with PCCT were excluded from the safety and efficacy analyses due to incomplete data. 2 additional pts were excluded from efficacy analysis due to beginning PCCT after the start of CTX, leaving 21 pts evaluable for efficacy and 23 pts for toxicity. CTX regimens included: docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC), docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab (TCH), sequential doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel, (AC/T), weekly nab-paclitaxel (nab). PCCT toxicities were all Of the 20 pts assessed following completion of CTX and PCCT, 12 (60%) “highly recommend” PCCT, and 8 (40%) “recommend to some degree”. No ESBC pts have worn a wig at any point. Conclusions: SC treatment (PCCT) is a viable but variably effective method of preventing HL for ESBC pts receiving CTX. The success of SC in hair preservation was dependent on the type and length of CTX regimen. Other patient factors impacting HL may exist. Short term toxicity is minimal. Given the emotional impact of CTX induced HL, ongoing study of PCCT and other SC devices, comparing different CTX regimens, is worthwhile. Ongoing studies at our center will include independently graded photographs to eliminate reporting bias by the clinician. Support for this trial was provided by the Tauber Foundation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-12.
Beauty: in the gonads of the beholder -- and the beheld.

A growing body of research has shown that women express stronger attraction to more masculine traits when they are tested near ovulation than when tested during other times in the menstrual cycle. Although these effects have been interpreted as increased preferences for markers of elevated testosterone during times in the cycle when conception is most likely, no previous studies have directly demonstrated that women express stronger attraction to higher testosterone men at different times in the cycle. In addition, little research has addressed which hormonal or other physiological mechanisms may regulate temporal shifts in women's attractiveness judgments. In this research, we demonstrate that women with higher estradiol concentrations exhibit stronger preferences for the faces of men with higher testosterone concentrations, and that women's testosterone preference and estradiol curves track one another across days of the cycle. The findings are the first direct demonstration in humans that hormone concentrations in one sex are associated with attraction to cues of hormonal status in the opposite sex. The results support a functional role for estradiol in calibrating women's mating psychology to indices of their current fertility, analogous to similar processes that have been documented in nonhuman species. A strong correlation between estradiol and testosterone preference specifically during the luteal phase further suggests that women's mate preferences may track their fertility between different cycles in addition to being calibrated to the timing of ovulation within individual cycles.
Two New Species and Three Lectotypifications in the Ibatia-Matelea Complex (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) from Northern South America

Two new species of Matelea (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae) are described from northern South America: M. fontana and M. pacifica. The species belong to the Ibatia-Matelea complex, but exhibit distinct differences in floral characters from previously known taxa, including the structure of gynostegial coronas. A key and descriptions to members of the northern South American and West Indian Ibatia-Matelea complex is provided, including M. cumanensis, M. maritima, and M. rubra. Asclepias maritima, Cynanchum fimbriatum, and Ibatia muricata are lectotypified.
Solution of EM wave scattering from inhomogeneous and anisotropic objects by edge-based FEM

A hybrid finite element method (FEM) is applied to solve the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a complex inhomogeneous and anisotropic object. In the FEM implementation considered, the open space is truncated by a fictitious surface conformal to the scatterer. The interior region is modeled by edge-based vector finite elements, while the exterior region is coupled to the interior region by tangential electric and magnetic fields on the surface. The use of edge-based vector finite elements is preferred because they are divergenceless, and can model continuous tangential fields across dielectric interfaces and on conducting surfaces. It is shown that the formulation and its computer program are applicable to virtually any objects. >
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Review of Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature neonates that accounts for 3000 to 4000 deaths each year in the United States. The pathogenesis is not well understood, however theories suggest that prematurity, enteral feeding, bacterial colonization, and intestinal ischemia contribute to the intestinal injury. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that platelet activating factor and perhaps other inflammatory mediators mediate bowel necrosis in animals and possibly in humans. Although no specific intervention for NEC treatment exists, preventive therapy using either enteral IgA supplementation, breast milk feeding, antibiotic prophylaxis, or exogenous steroid administration have reduced the incidence of this overwhelming disease in small randomized trials. These modalities and perhaps PAF antagonists or other inflammatory mediator inhibitors may reduce the incidence or severity of NEC in the next several years.
Slack matching quasi delay-insensitive circuits

Slack matching is an optimization that determines the amount of buffering that must be added to each channel of a slack elastic asynchronous system in order to reduce its cycle time to a specified target. We present two methods of expressing the slack matching problem as a mixed integer linear programming problem. The first method is applicable to systems composed of either full-buffers or half-buffers but not both. The second method is applicable to systems composed of any combination of full-buffers and half-buffers.