cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Characterization of Radiation-Induced Charge Sharing

Charge collection by multiple junctions is investigated using broadbeam heavy-ion and backside laser current transient measurements. The probability that significant charge is collected by more than one junction is greater for laser-generated events compared to heavy-ion measurements, which is attributed to the larger carrier generation track radius for the laser. With both sources, the probability of collecting charge on multiple junctions saturates at high charge generation levels. Effects caused by the interaction between junctions on the transient current waveforms is determined using position-correlated two-photon absorption laser analysis. The total charge collected for ion strikes between four adjacent junctions is shown to be approximately the same as for a direct strikes on a single junction, even though the incident ion does not pass through the depletion region of a biased junction.
New Therapies for Postural Hypotension

See related article, pp 650–656 Patients with deterioration of the autonomic nervous system can have unexpected or even paradoxical reactions to common cardiovascular drugs. For example, patients with severe neuropathy of the peripheral autonomic system can have a pressor response to phenylephrine eye drops and a paradoxical increase in blood pressure (BP) from the antihypertensive clonidine.1 Currently, the only approved therapy for postural hypotension in the United States is midodrine, an α1 agonist. The most common therapy is fludrocortisone, which causes sodium retention and sensitizes blood vessels to pressors. Both of these therapies raise BP irrespective of posture, so they can lead to recumbent hypertension. The pressor effect of midodrine is short lived, and it is customarily withheld in the evening. The pressor effect of fludrocortisone is long lived. Even combined therapy often leaves patients with symptomatic postural lightheadedness. Arterial BP is controlled by negative feedback loops, especially the baroreflex (Figure). Stretch of the baroreceptor fires afferent nerves and initiates autonomic cardiovascular reflexes. The baroreflex is impaired by aging and hypertension as increasingly rigid blood vessels stretch poorly. When the baroreceptor is no longer stretched by high BP, it fails to input nerve signals to the brain stem, thus failing to either activate vagal cardiodepressor nerves or to withdraw outflow to sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers. Patients with stiff baroreceptors from uncommon causes, such as …
Ethics and Social Media

Nurses' use of social media has increased significantly with growing numbers of media-sharing opportunities, platforms, and emerging forms of electronic applications. With the proliferation, opportunities and limitations surface regarding the responsibilities and accountability that nurses have in choosing technology applications with an embedded philosophical ethos that is consistent with the discipline's societal mandate of serving humankind in ways that honor human dignity. This article begins a discussion addressing possible disciplinary obligations and responsibilities for the implementation of social media platforms and possible implications for its future use in the discipline of nursing.
Recommendations for the use of routine bone marrow aspiration and lumbar punctures in the follow-up of patients with retinoblastoma.

Purpose : Patients with metastatic retinoblastoma have a poor outcome. Hope that early detection of extraocular spread will improve survival has led to routine monitoring with bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. In light of cost and patient morbidity, the clinical utility of this practice is questioned. Patients and Methods : We have performed 254 serial bone marrow aspirations and 164 lumbar punctures in 60 children with retinoblastoma. Results : Two patients with extensive intraocular disease at diagnosis developed positive bone marrow aspirations, although no patient died of distant metastasis. Three patients developed positive CSF examinations. All had neurologic symptoms at the time of CSF positivity. Conclusions : We recommend performing staging bone marrow and CSF evaluations only in patients with clinical, histologic, or radiologic evidence of local or systemic extension (Pratt stage III-IV), or in patients presenting with one Reese-Ellsworth group V eye and retrolaminar or extrascleral extension of their tumor. We recommend limiting follow-up bone marrow and CSF evaluations to patients who develop objective signs and symptoms of metastatic or regionally recurrent disease.
Robotic laparoscopic surgery: a comparison of the da Vinci and Zeus systems

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate two currently available robotic surgical systems in performing various urologic laparoscopic procedures in an acute porcine model. Methods. Robotic laparoscopic surgery was performed in 14 swine. Data were compared between the da Vinci Robotic System and the Zeus Robotic System. Results. During laparoscopic nephrectomy, the da Vinci System (n = 6) had a significantly shorter total operating room time (51.3 versus 71.6 minutes; P = 0.02) and actual surgical time (42.1 versus 61.4 minutes; P = 0.03) compared with the Zeus System (n = 5). However, the blood loss and adequacy of surgical dissection were comparable between the two groups. For laparoscopic adrenalectomy, the da Vinci System (n = 5) had a shorter actual surgical time (12.2 versus 26.0 minutes; P = 0.006) than did the Zeus System (n = 5). For laparoscopic pyeloplasty, the da Vinci System had a shorter total operating room time (61.4 versus 83.4 minutes; P = 0.10) and anastomotic time (44.7 versus 66.4 minutes; P = 0.11). During pyeloplasty anastomosis, the total number of suture bites per ureter was 13.0 for the da Vinci System (n = 6) and 10.8 for the Zeus System (n = 6). The complications included an adrenal parenchymal tear each during a da Vinci System-based left adrenalectomy and a Zeus System-based right adrenalectomy. An inferior vena caval tear during a Zeus System-based right adrenalectomy occurred in 1 case, which was suture-repaired telerobotically. Conclusions. Robotic laparoscopic procedures can be performed effectively using either the da Vinci or Zeus System. In this limited study, the learning curve and operative times were shorter and the intraoperative technical movements appeared inherently more intuitive with the da Vinci System. Additional clinical experience is necessary.
Arctic ice type identification by radar

The pack ice in the Arctic Ocean was the subject of a special remote sensing mission conducted jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Navy Oceanographic Office, the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, the Arctic Institute of North America, and the University of Kansas. One of the most significant results of the experiment was verification of the ice type identification potential of a 2.25-cm-wavelength radar scatterometer. The results of the radar experiment are presented and the data are analyzed to determine the characteristics of radar backscatter from various Arctic ice types. A quantitative analysis of the data indicates that identifiable radar return "signatures" are obtained for each of several specific sea ice types. A qualitative analysis based on the Kirchhoff-Huygens principle suggests that a categorizing factor, denoted as the surface roughness factor, can be assigned to each of several ice types.
Molecular Genetics of Type 1 Glycogen Storage Diseases

Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1), also known as von Gierke disease, is caused by a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). It is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, kidney enlargement, growth retardation, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia. The disease presents with both clinical and biochemical heterogeneity consistent with the existence of two major subgroups, GSD-1a and GSD-1b, which have been confirmed at the molecular genetic level. GSD-1a, the most prevalent form, is caused by mutations in the G6Pase gene that abolish or greatly reduce enzymatic activity. The gene maps to chromosome 17q21 and encodes a microsomal transmembrane protein. Animal models of GSD-1a exist and are being exploited to delineate the disease more precisely. It has been proposed that GSD-1b is caused by a defect in the microsomal glucose-6-phosphate transporter. The gene responsible for GSD-1b has been mapped to chromosome 11q23 and a cDNA encoding a microsomal transmembrane protein has been identified. The function of this putative GSD-1b protein remains to be determined. These recent developments, along with newly characterized animal models of GSD-1a, are increasing our understanding of the interrelationship between the components of the G6Pase complex and type 1 glycogen storage diseases.
Historical Exchange Rate Risk Premiums In Currency Futures Markets

This paper examines the historical predictive power of future spot spread in estimating currency changes. Currency futures and spot rates over the last two decades are examined. Results show that as forecast horizon of currency depreciation increases, the slope coefficients become less positive, first losing their significance, and eventually for 1-month regressions, becoming negative for the British pound, Swiss franc and Japanese yen (significantly negative for the yen) indicating risk premiums differ with forecast horizon. On the other hand, expectations hypothesis is validated when the forecast horizon is 1 day. These results hold for each decade separately, as well as the total sample. Comparison of early (1980s) and recent (1990s) periods reveals expectations hypothesis is validated in the recent period. This indicates the trend towards a more efficient market. This should not be very surprising with the introduction of round the clock electronic trading medium and reduction of transaction fees in futures markets. This also implies that the absolute value of the risk premium has decreased over the last two decades. The extreme case of forward premium puzzle in one-month forecasts diminishes in the 1990s. The results are robust to partitioning the sample period into four sub samples and separating the data based on maturity of futures contracts.
Terrorism Outside the Proverbial Vacuum: Implications for the Moral Context

ABSTRACTPrior research has found that terrorists are not susceptible to certain and severe countermeasures. One possibility is that, instead, deterrence is relative. Based on this premise and inspired by situational action theory’s conceptualization of the “moral context,” this research proposes that there are circumstances that influence both moral norms and their enforcement. We hypothesize that one set of circumstances is that of high profile terrorist attacks, which in turn should decrease the hazard of future incidents. We find mixed support for our hypotheses, but maintain that it has important implications for policy.
Studies on Organoaluminum Precursors OP Aluminum Nitride Fibers

A melt-spinnable precursor of aluminum nitride fibers derived from triethylaluminum and ammonia contains AlNH, AlNH2 groups, and a small number of AlN units characteristic of aluminum nitride. The molecular weight of a spinnable composition is 070, corresponding to an average molecular weight of 13 organoaluminum groups. Ammonia, a curing agent for the fibers, accelerates elimination of ethane from the material, and decreases its solubility in toluene.
Negotiating multiple marginalizations: Experiences of South Asian LGBQ individuals.

Drawing from minority stress (Meyer, 2003) and feminist multicultural (Brown, 1994) theories, the present study investigated the additive and interactive relations between 2 types of external minority stress (heterosexist discrimination and racist events) and 4 internal stress processes related to identifying as a South Asian American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) person (internalized heterosexism, acculturation, enculturation, and outness as LGBQ) with psychological distress. With 142 participants, Pearson's correlations, multiple regression, and simultaneous multiple moderation analyses were conducted. Experiences of heterosexist discrimination, racist events, and internalized heterosexism were correlated positively with psychological distress and enculturation was correlated negatively. In a test of the additive model, heterosexist discrimination, racist events, and internalized heterosexism accounted for significant and unique variance in psychological distress, but outness, acculturation, and enculturation did not. To test the interactive model, the simultaneous moderating roles of the internal stress processes were examined in the links between the external minority stressors to psychological distress. Only outness as LGBQ emerged as a moderator. The link between racist events and psychological distress was exacerbated in instances of higher outness, such that respondents with high racist events and high outness reported the highest levels of psychological distress. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed and future research directions focused on the needs of South Asian American LGBQ people are suggested.
Transparietal access techniques and technologies, and evolving natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery

Abstract Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was an evolving field of minimally invasive surgery in the early 2000s that has progressed with mixed popularity. NOTES is achieved via transvaginal, transrectal, and transgastric routes. This article describes the techniques for transparietal access and how NOTES has evolved through 2015.
Boundary Conditions for CFD Simulations of Supersonic Boundary-Layer Flow through Discrete Holes

III CFD simulations of supersonic boundary-layer flow with bleed through discrete holes, resolving the flow through each bleed hole and the associated bleed plenum can be extremely intensive computationally. In this study, four outflow boundary condition (BCs) for the bleed holes are developed and evaluated by comparing results obtained by using the four bleed BCs with simulations that resolve the holes and plenum (DNS results). The four BCs developed are (1) DNS BC (specify normal velocity, W, into hole based on DNS results and extrapolate all other variables), (2) Avg W BC (same as DNS BC except specify constant over each hole), (3) Cd BC (same as DNS BC except W calculated by using a constant discharge coefficient over each hole), and (4) W Profile (same as Avg W BC except W has positive and negative values). Results obtained for choked bleed of a supersonic boundary layer on a flat plate through six rows of normal holes show that all four BCs developed produce accurate solutions for the velocity profile downstream of the bleed region when compared to the DNS results. With BC (2)
IIAM (important information about me): a patient portability profile app for adults, children and families with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Purpose: To describe the development of important information about me (IIAM), an application (app) used to communicate and organize healthcare information for people with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD).Methods: Prior to the development of IIAM version 1.0, households with NDD were selected to participate in a focus group. Respondents (n = 7) were parents of children with NDD. Participants were asked to use a beta version for at least 2 months in day-to-day applications and to complete a questionnaire at the end of the trial.Results: Over half (57%) of the participants found the beta version to be useful. The greatest limitation in usability was the child’s age and literacy level. All participants found the app to be visually appealing and easy to navigate. IIAM was commonly used to communicate information to caregivers, and to facilitate quality interactions between the child and others.Conclusion: Mobile technology has become ubiquitous and has emerged as an important tool in healthcare. ...
Consideration of neutral beam prompt loss in the design of a tokamak helicon antenna

Abstract Neutral beam prompt losses (injected neutrals that ionize such that their first poloidal transit intersects with the wall) can put appreciable power on the outer wall of tokamaks, and this power may damage the wall or other internal components. These prompt losses are simulated including a protruding helicon antenna installation in the DIII-D tokamak and it is determined that 160 kW of power will impact the antenna during the injection of a particular neutral beam. Protective graphite tiles are designed in response to this modeling and the wall shape of the installed antenna is precisely measured to improve the accuracy of these calculations. Initial experiments confirm that the antenna component temperature increases according to the amount of neutral beam energy injected into the plasma. In this case, only injection of beams that are aimed counter to the plasma current produce an appreciable power load on the outer wall, suggesting that the effect is of little concern for tokamaks featuring only co-current neutral beam injection. Incorporating neutral beam prompt loss considerations into the design of this in-vessel component serves to ensure that adequate protection or cooling is provided.
Acoustics-Old and New

Acoustics is the science of sound. But what is sound? In its historical sense, sound is a disturbance produced by an object or set of objects in a material medium which somehow manages to reach the ear and produces there the sensation called hearing. Just as the word optics, for the science of light, comes from the Green meaning sight, so acoustics comes from the Greek meaning hearing. These two important sensory windows on the world of our human experience (which interestingly are both of roughly the same sensitivity from the energy standpoint) have naturally for ages stimulated inquiry into how and why they work, an inquiry which has by no means reached completion even today. But just as light has come to mean much more than what we see, so sound has come to incorporate a much wider range of experience than what we hear. What we hear is plenty and indeed often too much for comfort and safety, but the sounds we do not hear (ultrasonics) provide a more far-reaching and fascinating branch of science.
Low-Dimensional Reduced-Order Models for Statistical Response and Uncertainty Quantification: Two-Layer Baroclinic Turbulence

AbstractAccurate uncertainty quantification for the mean and variance about forced responses to general external perturbations in the climate system is an important subject in understanding Earth’s atmosphere and ocean in climate change science. A low-dimensional reduced-order method is developed for uncertainty quantification and capturing the statistical sensitivity in the principal model directions with largest variability and in various regimes in two-layer quasigeostrophic turbulence. Typical dynamical regimes tested here include the homogeneous flow in the high latitudes and the anisotropic meandering jets in the low latitudes and/or midlatitudes. The idea in the reduced-order method is from a self-consistent mathematical framework for general systems with quadratic nonlinearity, where crucial high-order statistics are approximated by a systematic model calibration procedure. Model efficiency is improved through additional damping and noise corrections to replace the expensive energy-conserving nonl...
Ag and Si Codoped Phosphate Glasses: Plasmonic Nanocomposites with Enhanced UV Transparency

The use of silicon powder to produce plasmonic Ag nanocomposite phosphate glasses which also exhibit improved transparency in the ultraviolet (UV) is proposed. Ag2O/Si codoped glasses were prepared in a barium-phosphate matrix by a simple melt-quench method in ambient atmosphere. The as-prepared glasses exhibit enhanced UV transparency, whereby the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is manifested for the glasses with higher Ag2O contents. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is consistent with the formation of P–O–Si bonds, thus suggesting their possible role on the improved UV light transmission. Consequently, a model was presented accounting for the influence of silicon on the polymerization of the phosphate network concomitant with the creation of highly reactive oxygen species. Further exploiting the proposed reactive species, a real-time spectroscopic study of the plasmonic response of Ag NPs in Ag/Si codoped glass samples was carried out during an in situ thermal processing. The temperature dependence of the Ag particle precipitation was studied in the 400°C–430°C range, from which an Arrhenius-type plot allowed for estimating the activation energy of the process at 3.42 (±0.38) eV. Ultimately, the vanishing of the luminescence ascribed to Ag+ ions was observed in a heat-treated sample, consistent with the high reactivity acquired by the glass matrix. Silicon thus appears promising for producing UV transparent glasses for high-performance optics and for the reduction of Ag+ ions to produce Ag nanocomposites valuable for photonic (nanoplasmonic) applications.
JTIDS Dynamic Net Management

The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) Joint-Service Waveform will be used as the primary means of tactical line-of-sight digital communication among U.S. and allied operational forces during the 1990 through 2010 time frame. JTIDS networks will allow jam resistant information exchange between network subscribers. The author believes that the operational effectiveness and hence the success and useful life of JTIDS can be directly tied to how efficiently the available communication time slots, stacked nets, and message relays are planned for and managed during network operation. This article provides an overview of JTIDS and identifies potential areas for significant improvement in the current approaches to JTIDS net management. The author provides a recommended approach to managing the JTIDS network.
Study of nickel silicide as a copper diffusion barrier in monocrystalline silicon solar cells

NiSi as a conductive diffusion barrier to silicon has been studied. We demonstrate that the NiSi films formed using the single step annealing process are as good as the two step process using XRD and Raman. Quality of NiSi films formed using e-beam Ni and electroless Ni process has been compared. Incomplete surface coverage and presence of constituents other than Ni are the main challenges with electroless Ni. We also demonstrate that Cu reduces the thermal stability of NiSi films. The detection of Cu has proven to be difficult due to temperature limitations.
Do people think like computers

Human cognition inspired the earliest algorithms for game-playing computer programs. However, the studies of human and computer game play quickly diverged: the Artificial Intelligence community focused on theory and techniques to solve games, while behavioral scientists empirically examined simple decision-making in humans. In this paper, we combine concepts and methods from the two fields to investigate whether human and AI players take similar approaches in an adversarial combinatorial game. We develop and compare five models that capture human behavior. We then demonstrate that our models can predict behavior in two related tasks. To conclude, we use our models to describe what makes a strong human player.
Review of Item Response Theory Practices in Organizational Research: Lessons Learned and Paths Forward

In this article, we review recent psychometric practices to determine how item response theory (IRT) has been used in organizational research. We identified and coded 63 articles that used IRT on e...
Magnetic, calorimetric, and transport properties of C e ( P d 1 − x Ni x ) 2 Ge 2 and CeNi 2 ( G e 1 − y Si y ) 2

We present results of a systematic study of the isoelectronic Kondo-lattice compounds ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{2}{(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Si}}_{y}{)}_{2}.$ With increasing x and y the hybridization of the localized $4f$ moments with the band states increases. Consequently the magnetic order of the Pd-rich compounds becomes suppressed, yielding a heavy-fermion behavior in ${\mathrm{CeNi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$, and an intermediate valence state in Si-rich alloys. The electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat were investigated for temperatures 0.1$lTl$300 K. The antiferromagnetic order of localized spins in ${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{e}(\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$ diminishes for $xg~0.9$ and intermediate valent behavior evolves for $y\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.3$. We find significant deviations from Fermi-liquid behavior in a broad concentration range, which extends from $x=0.9$ into the intermediate valence regime $(y=0.4)$. The results are compared with model predictions for magnetic systems close to a quantum critical point and for systems with frozen-in magnetic disorder (Griffiths phase). And although we find qualitatively the fingerprints of a quantum critical point, resistivity and heat capacity cannot be explained coherently within the same model.
Hemodynamic analysis of edge stenosis in peripheral artery stent grafts

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the hemodynamics of peripheral artery stent grafts to guide intelligent stent redesign. Materials and methods Two surgically explanted porcine arteries were mounted in an ex vivo system with subsequent deployment of an Xpert self-expanding nitinol stent or Viabahn stent graft. The arteries were casted with radiopaque resin, and the cast then scanned using micro-computed tomography at 8 μm isotropic voxel resolution. The arterial lumen was segmented and a computational mesh grid surface generated. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was subsequently performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1. Results CFD analysis demonstrated low endothelial shear stress (ESS) involving 9.4 and 63.6% surface area of the central stent graft and bare metal stent, respectively. Recirculation zones were identified adjacent to the bare metal stent struts, while none were identified in the central stent graft. However, the stent graft demonstrated malapposition of the proximal stent graft edge with low velocity flow between the PTFE lining and arterial wall, which was associated with longitudinally and radially oriented recirculation zones and low ESS. Conclusion Computational hemodynamic analysis demonstrates that peripheral artery stent grafts have a superior central hemodynamic profile compared to bare metal stents. Stents grafts, however, suffer from malapposition at the proximal stent edge which is likely a major contributor to edge stenosis.
The contributions of red blood cell transfusion and severe anemia in necrotizing enterocolitis: causes or confounders?

The contributions of red blood cell transfusion and severe anemia in necrotizing enterocolitis: causes or confounders?
“He stood like one transfixed with thunder”: Male Rape and the Punishment of Libertinism in Eliza Haywood's Love in Excess

Midway through Eliza Haywood's Love in Excess, Count D'elmont falls victim to a bed trick at the hands of the sexually aggressive Melantha. While prior critics have overlooked this scene, it is cen...
Neuronal exocytosis exhibits fractal behavior

The time sequence of exocytic events in both neurons and non-neuronal cells exhibits fractal (self-similar) properties, as evidenced by a number of statistical measures. Such fractal activity occurs in neurotransmitter secretion at Xenopus neuromuscular junctions and rat hippocampal synapses in culture, and in the exocytosis of exogenously supplied neurotransmitter from cultured Xenopus myocytes and rat fibroblasts. The magnitude of the fluctuations of the rate of exocytic events about the mean decreases slowly as the rate is computed over longer and longer time periods, the periodogram decreases in power-law fashion with frequency, and the Allan factor (relative variance of the number of exocytic events) increases as a power-law function of the counting time. These features are hallmarks of self-similar behavior. Their description requires models that exhibit long-range, power-law-decaying correlation (memory) in event occurrences. We have developed a physiologically plausible model that accords with all of the statistical measures that we have examined: the fractal lognormal-noise-driven doubly stochastic Poisson process (FLNDP). In particular, we show that the experimental rate function is well modeled by fractal lognormal noise (FLN). The appearance of behavior with fractal characteristics at synapses, as well as in systems comprising collections of synapses, indicates that such behavior is an inherent property of neuronal signaling.
Designing regional-level stakeholder engagement processes: striving for good governance while meeting the challenges of scale

Stakeholder engagement processes have sought to ensure that state government meets public trust and good governance obligations to citizens. As the expectations of stakeholders and state agencies c...
Abstract 15098: Heart Failure and Cognitive Impairment in The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Introduction: Of five million Americans with heart failure (HF), approximately half are estimated to have cognitive impairment. HF has been proposed as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that persons with HF would have worse cognition and greater decline in cognition over time, as compared to those without HF. Methods: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a biracial cohort composed of participants from four U.S. communities, classified prevalent HF and cognition (normal, mild cognitive impairment [MCI] or dementia) in 6431 participants at a 5th follow-up visit (2011-2013). HF was further categorized as preserved ejection fraction ≥50% (HFpEF) or reduced (HFrEF). Controlling for confounders, multinomial logit was used to estimate the association between cognition and prevalent HF (n=941: 658 HFpEF; 103 HFrEF; 180 missing EF). Separately, using data for 5415 participants without HF at Visit 4 (1996-1998), linear regression was used to estimate the association between a standardized measure of change in cognition from Visit 4 to 5 and prevalent HF at Visit 5. Both analyses used inverse probability weighting to adjust for non-participation at Visit 5 and multiple imputation for missing covariate information. Results: Compared to those without HF, at mean age 75 years, individuals with prevalent HF were at increased risk of dementia (Relative Risk Ratio= 1.8 [95% CI: 1.3, 2.6]) and MCI (RRR=1.4 [1.1, 1.7]). The decline in cognition occurring over 15 years between Visits 4 and 5 was significantly greater among persons who developed HF (mean standardized z score of -0.11 at Visit 4 to -1.00 at Visit 5) compared to those who did not (mean score of 0.28 at Visit 4 to -0.48 at Visit 5), representing an adjusted difference of -0.07, [-0.14, -0.01]. Estimated associations in both analyses were slightly larger for HFrEF versus HFpEF but differences were not statistically significant due to limited sample for HFrEF. Conclusion: HF is associated with increased risk of dementia and MCI. Potential differences in cognitive status among those with HFrEF versus HFpEF warrant further investigation.
Scalability of a scheduling scheme for energy aware sensor networks: Research Articles

Scalability of algorithms used in wireless sensor networks is a critical issue due to the extremely high node numbers and relatively high node density. Few recent studies analyze the scalability of algorithms in wireless ad-hoc networks. Yet there is no significant research done on scalability of algorithms used in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we present a brief survey of recent research on scalability of protocols for wireless ad-hoc networks followed by a scalability analysis of a typical cross-layer scheduling scheme used to improve energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Results show severe degradations of per-node and per-flow throughput indicating that such scheduling algorithms used in wireless sensor networks are far less scalable than the algorithms used in their ad-hoc counterparts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential Microeconomics: Equilibrium and Efficiency in an Exchange Economy

The 2 × 2 Exchange Economy Key ideas: Pareto efficiency, Edgeworth Box diagram, first and second welfare theorems In this chapter the focus shifts from the individual agent to the market. Specifically we examine the allocation that results if all economic agents are price takers and prices adjust until markets clear. Rather than attempt to bring firms and consumers into the analysis all at once, we focus here on equilibrium in which there is no production. Consumers have endowments of commodities that they may exchange. As we see later, the ideas developed here extend very directly to economies with production. Even though this chapter focuses on equilibrium outcomes, it is helpful to keep in mind a possible adjustment process that might lead to equilibrium. Suppose that there is an auctioneer who calls out prices for each of the commodities. Consumers and firms respond with the demands that they would make at these prices. The auctioneer lowers prices in markets where there is excess supply and raises them in markets where there is excess demand. At a price-taking (Walrasian) equilibrium, all markets clear.
Some Methods for Reducing Heat Leak Through Support Members in Liquefied Gas Storage Vessels

In the design and construction of containers for low temperature liquefied gases, the primary effort is usually-directed at minimizing heat transfer to the cold liquid. Designs where other factors are more important still endeavor to obtain minimum heat leak consistent with the other more significant considerations.
Common Bacterial and Viral Infections: Review of Management in the Pregnant Patient.

Objective: To review the treatment of common bacterial and viral infections occurring in the pregnant patient. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE was performed (inception to October 2018)...
Greening the Congressional record: environmental social movements and expertise-based access to the policy process

ABSTRACTA new dataset of organizational testimony at U.S. Congressional hearings on environmental protection is used to examine how social movement organizations use issue expertise to gain access to the policy process. Environmental movement organizations (EMOs) are shown to testify in greater numbers at hearings that consider proposed legislation, compared to hearings that are exploratory or investigatory in nature. The increased representation at legislative hearings is unique to EMOs; other kinds of organizations do not obtain similar increases in legislative access. These findings suggest that, due to their scientific expertise and perceived legitimacy, EMOs receive privileged access to the policy process relative to other organizations affected by environmental policy and at a later stage than has been proposed by prior work examining social movement access to the policy process.
Post-operative Pain Management in Spine Surgery

Following spine surgery, the majority of patients report moderate to severe pain that lasts at least 3–4 days. This pain can be severe and debilitating affecting recovery and discharge from the hospital. This can prolong hospital stays and increase the costs associated with care. Multimodal pain management is the most effective to treat the pain. The multimodal techniques are divided into those given preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. The techniques used involve a combination of neuraxial and oral/intravenous medications. Neuraxial analgesia is the most effective for pain management and is often superior to systemic opioids. Use of neuraxial anesthetics has synergistic potential with the systemic opioids. Opioids are often initially delivered via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) or neuraxially, but they are transitioned to oral medications as tolerated. Adjuvants that can be used include nonsteroidal agents, acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, corticosteroids, ketamine, and gabapentin/pregabalin. These adjuvants help limit the side effects of opioids. Treatment is challenging in these patients because many are not narcotic naive. Use of multimodal analgesia is important to helping these patients.
Transporting People with Visual Impairments: Knowledge of University Campus Public Transportation Workers:

Introduction:To support independent travel skills and accessibility for people with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), this research acknowledges bus driver percepti...
Academic Integrity in the Online Classroom

As distance education grows, so does the need to ensure student identity and academic integrity. The academic integrity landscape continues to evolve, and universities have deployed a variety of methods to ensure integrity. The Ohio State University used a dual approach to ensure academic integrity across its distance education offerings employing a virtual proctoring solution and faculty education on authentic assessments. A solid foundation was set with this initiative; however, development will continue in order to meet the needs of a changing educational landscape.
Solar and Climate Effects Explain the Wide Variation in Legionellosis Incidence Rates in the United States

ABSTRACT Legionellosis, an infection caused by the environmental bacteria Legionella spp., has become a significant public health problem in the United States in recent years; however, among the states, the incidence rates vary widely without a clear explanation. This study examined environmental effects on the 2014-to-2016 average annual legionellosis incidence rates in the U.S. states through correlative analyses with long-term precipitation, temperature, solar UV radiation, and sunshine hours. The continental states west of ∼95°W showed low incidence rates of 0.51 to 1.20 cases per 100,000 population, which corresponded to low precipitation, below 750 mm annually. For the eastern states, where precipitation was higher, solar effects were prominent and mixed, leading to wide incidence variation. Robust regressions suggested a dividing line at 40°N: north of this line, rising temperature, mainly from solar heat, raised legionellosis incidence to a peak of 4.25/100,000 in Ohio; south of the line, intensifying sunlight in terms of high UV indices and long sunshine hours prevailed to limit incidence gradually to 0.99/100,000 in Louisiana. On or near the 40°N line were 15 eastern states that had leading legionellosis incidence rates of >2.0/100,000. These states all showed modest environmental parameters. In contrast, the frigid climate in Alaska and the strong year-round solar UV in Hawaii explained the lowest U.S. incidences, 0.14/100,000 and 0.47/100,000, respectively, in these states. The findings of solar and climate effects explain the wide variation of legionellosis incidence rates in the United States and may offer insights into the potential exposure to and prevention of infection. IMPORTANCE Legionellosis, caused by the environmental bacteria Legionella spp., has become a significant public health problem in the United States in recent years, with ∼6,000 cases annually. The present study showed, through a series of correlative analyses with long-term precipitation, temperature, solar UV radiation, and sunshine hours, that these environmental conditions strongly influence the legionellosis incidence rates across the United States in mixed and dynamic fashions. The incidence rates varied remarkably by region, with the highest in Ohio and New York and the lowest in Alaska. A precipitation threshold above 750 mm was required for elevated legionellosis activity. Regression models and dividing lines between regions were established to show the promotive effect of temperature, as well as the inhibitive effects of solar UV and sunshine hours. These findings explain the wide variation of legionellosis incidence rates in the United States. They may also offer insights into potential exposure to and prevention of infection.
Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Trajectories during Early Childhood and Their Association with Obesity.

Introduction: To identify longitudinal sleep trajectories in early childhood and examine the influence of sleep duration on obesity risk via BMI percentile (BMIp). Methods: Sleep, physical activity...
From Progressive Extractivism to Phyto-Socialism: Trees, Bodies, and Discrepant Phytocommunicabilities in a Mysterious Epidemic

This essay engages Michael Marder’s Plant-Thinking ethnographically and philosophically. As a bat-transmitted rabies epidemic in 2007–2008 claimed 38 children and young adults in the Delta Amacuro ...
BodySLAM: Opportunistic User Digitization in Multi-User AR/VR Experiences

Today’s augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) systems do not provide body, hand or mouth tracking without special worn sensors or external infrastructure. Simultaneously, AR/VR systems are increasingly being used in co-located, multi-user experiences, opening the possibility for opportunistic capture of other users. This is the core idea behind BodySLAM, which uses disparate camera views from users to digitize the body, hands and mouth of other people, and then relay that information back to the respective users. If a user is seen by two or more people, 3D pose can be estimated via stereo reconstruction. Our system also maps the arrangement of users in real world coordinates. Our approach requires no additional hardware or sensors beyond what is already found in commercial AR/VR devices, such as Microsoft HoloLens or Oculus Quest.
Effect of development reinforcement strut in concrete deep beam

The effect of the development of reinforcement strut on the performance of discontinuity regions in concrete deep beams was tested through an experimental program. Four reinforced concrete deep beams with two different designs reinforcement (conventionally reinforcement and strut reinforcement) and with various amounts of web reinforcement tested to select the optimum design of deep beams. The geometry and main reinforcement were constant for all specimens. Measurements of cracking patterns, recording the strain in the axis and edges of the struts by (DIC) technique, and analyses of load-displacement at mid-span of investigated concrete deep beams. The data results indicated that the capacity of the deep beam with reinforcement strut higher than the control deep beam with traditional reinforcement and with less displacement. A control deep beam was failed by diagonal tension stresses in the struts, not present in the reinforcement strut specimens. Where the compression stresses were found in the axis of the strut.
A series of 14 representative presentations of cerebral cavernous malformations

Abstract Purpose Cerebral cavernous malformations are common central nervous system vascular malformations. They are typically a discrete, well-circumscribed cluster of thin-walled vascular sinusoids with a characteristic “mulberry” or “popcorn” appearance on magnetic resonance imaging and are often surrounded by hemosiderin deposits and gliosis. These malformations can present in a variety of ways. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate presentations of cavernous malformations through cases with associated imaging. Materials/Methods 14 cases of cerebral cavernous malformations were retrospectively selected from a single institution from 2009 to 2019. The cases include classically appearing lesions as well as association with developmental venous anomaly and capillary telangiectasia. Results Variations included are large partially calcified lesions, hemorrhagic lesions, atypically shaped lesions, and lesions lacking the “popcorn” appearance or hemosiderin rim. Also presented is a case with multiple lesions and cases displaying the widespread locations of lesions. Locations include the cerebrum, cerebellar vermis, medulla, periaqueductal midbrain, spinal cord, and extradural intracranial cavernous sinus. Conclusion These cases and literature review illustrate how cerebral cavernous malformations can present. While often asymptomatic, the lesions can cause hemorrhage, seizures, and neurological deficits. They can present in atypical ways or masquerade as non-vascular lesions making diagnosis a difficult task.
Modelling of sorbent-based gas filters for indoor environment: A comprehensive review

Abstract Adsorbent agents, which use physisorption and/or chemisorption to remove gaseous pollutants, are the most commonly used technology for indoor air purification. Several mathematical models have been developed to represent the adsorption process. An appropriate numerical simulation requires uncomplicated models with an acceptable level of error. The models should consider the filter type, operational conditions, and environmental conditions. This review covers the developed models to estimate the performance of adsorbent filters for indoor environment application over the last two decades. For this purpose, the existing models are divided into interpellate mass transfer models and kinetic models. By systematically reviewing these models, their merits, useful applications and limitations are highlighted. Specific emphasis is placed on determining the rate-limiting step(s) in the mass transfer process for both physisorbent and chemisorbent media. Then, the discussion highlights the strengths and weaknesses of currently used models for taking into account the effect of the gas mixture, relative humidity, and temperature on the performance of the filters. Finally, a summary of several future research challenges in this field of engineering is provided.
Projective and Injective Representations

Projective representations and injective representations are key concepts in representation theory. A representation P is called projective if the functor Hom(P, −) maps surjective morphisms to surjective morphisms. Dually a representation I is called injective if the functor Hom(−, I) maps injective morphisms to injective morphisms.
Farmers with diabetes: risks for lower extremity injury and disability.

ABSTRACT There are over 15 million persons with diabetes mellitus in the United States. Amputation of the feet and legs due to the complications of diabetes is one of the biggest threats to persons with diabetes and can result in permanent disability. Extrinsic factors including improper footwear, mechanical trauma, and thermal injury increase the risk of ulceration in the insensate foot. Farming is well known to be one of the most hazardous occupations. The complex farm environment poses extra threats to those with diabetes. This paper discusses some of these threats and suggestions for prevention of lower extremity ulcers.
The paradox of machiavellianism: Machiavellianism may make for productive sales but poor management reviews

This article investigates the effects of Machiavellianism (MACH) on sales performance. Results indicate that those who possess high Machiavellian traits are more productive but received lower overall managerial ratings. Findings suggest that Machiavellianism may in certain circumstances, be somewhat advantageous for long-term sales performance.
Aging kidneys in an aging population: how does this impact nephrology and nephrologists?

Of all of the forces that will impinge upon the daily professional lives of nephrologists in the 21st century, none will be more powerful than the progressive aging of the population. Thus a strategy to integrate nephrology with gerontology and geriatrics will assist both disciplines in adapting to this phenomenon, the ‘demographic imperative’ that will drive health and health care on a global basis at all levels from individual patients to populations and systems of health care. Thus just as we did at the recent Geriatric Education Retreat (GER) in Nephrology, we shall begin with a review of that demographic imperative.