cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
My Wartime Self: Meaning Construction in Narratives of World War II

We are all storytellers. We tell stories in a variety of settings, to a variety of audiences, and for a variety of reasons. We tell structured stories about personal experiences—narratives—as a means of understanding the past, constructing identities, and communicating ourselves to others. Drawing on social psychological literature on narratives, identities, and autobiographical memories, this study examines the construction, recitation, and evaluation of 28 World War II veterans’ narratives. Findings indicate cultural influences in the ways these veterans constructed their war stories, the ways they constructed meanings about their war experiences, and the ways they constructed their identities in relation to those experiences.
Effect of Chair Design on Feed-Forward Postural Control in Sitting

The objective of this study was to determine if a forward-tilted seat and the resultant semi-kneeling body position associated with sitting on the Balans Multi Chair (BMC) affect postural control in sitting. Nine healthy subjects were seated on either the BMC or a regular (REG) chair with their arms extended. They were instructed to induce self-initiated body perturbations in four different directions by exerting brief pulses of force against a stationary frame positioned in front of them. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of trunk and leg muscles were recorded before and during the perturbations. The results show that sitting on both types of chairs was associated with anticipatory activation of trunk and upper leg muscles. In contrast, anticipatory activation of distal muscles was observed while sitting only on the REG chair and was absent while sitting on the BMC. The outcome of the study suggests that although the forward-tilting seat and semi-kneeling body position might help in preserving a normal lordosis, it is not associated with anticipatory activation of lower leg muscles, which might reduce the ability of an individual to counteract self-initiated body perturbations. These findings stress the important role of chair designs in the control of sitting posture.
Lipid Membranes Facilitate Conformational Changes Required for Reovirus Cell Entry

Cellular entry of nonenveloped and enveloped viruses is often accompanied by dramatic conformational changes within viral structural proteins. These rearrangements are triggered by a variety of mechanisms, such as low pH, virus-receptor interactions, and virus-host chaperone interactions. Reoviruses, a model system for entry of nonenveloped viruses, undergo a series of disassembly steps within the host endosome. One of these steps, infectious subviral particle (ISVP)-to-ISVP* conversion, is necessary for delivering the genome-containing viral core into host cells, but the physiological trigger that mediates ISVP-to-ISVP* conversion during cell entry is unknown. Structural studies of the reovirus membrane penetration protein, μ1, predict that interactions between μ1 and negatively charged lipid head groups may promote ISVP* formation; however, experimental evidence for this idea is lacking. Here, we show that the presence of polyanions (SO4(2-) and HPO4(2-)) or lipids in the form of liposomes facilitates ISVP-to-ISVP* conversion. The requirement for charged lipids appears to be selective, since phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine promoted ISVP* formation, whereas other lipids, such as sphingomyelin and sulfatide, either did not affect ISVP* formation or prevented ISVP* formation. Thus, our work provides evidence that interactions with membranes can function as a trigger for a nonenveloped virus to gain entry into host cells. Importance Cell entry, a critical stage in the virus life cycle, concludes with the delivery of the viral genetic material across host membranes. Regulated structural transitions within nonenveloped and enveloped viruses are necessary for accomplishing this step; these conformational changes are predominantly triggered by low pH and/or interactions with host proteins. In this work, we describe a previously unknown trigger, interactions with lipid membranes, which can induce the structural rearrangements required for cell entry. This mechanism operates during entry of mammalian orthoreoviruses. We show that interactions between reovirus entry intermediates and lipid membranes devoid of host proteins promote conformational changes within the viral outer capsid that lead to membrane penetration. Thus, this work illustrates a novel strategy that nonenveloped viruses can use to gain access into cells and how viruses usurp disparate host factors to initiate infection.
Who Took the Awe Out of Law

The world seems to speed up and fall apart all around us. The factors are obvious: the information explosion, the internalization of markets and capital, the exquisitely complicated personal demands within overworked families. We experience much time and motion, with little time for emotion. What we can get instantaneously through computers and television makes us increasingly desperate for, but less adapt at, human connections. We have direct access to more information than anyone could want, often in unmediated form. We speed up and splinter simultaneously. Again we have become "dense commuters," who now move more rapidly "From the conservative dark/ Into the ethical life," but now we grow more inured to "habit-forming pain/ Mismanagement and grief."
The response of male and female song sparrows to geographic variation in song

We tested female and male Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) from a Pennsylvania site for discrimination between local songs and foreign songs recorded in New York. In Experiments 1 and 2 we measured the copulatory response of female Song Sparrows to playback of local and foreign songs. In Experiment 3 we measured the aggressive response of territorial males to playback. We used mean responses per subject as sample points in the statistical analysis in Experiment 1, but to avoid pseudoreplication we designed Experiments 2 and 3 with sufficient numbers of exemplars of local and foreign songs to use mean responses per exemplar as sample points. Responses in all three experiments were significantly stronger for local than for foreign songs. Song Sparrow songs show a great deal of variation within locales, and a pattern of gradual and subtle geographic change, so it is not obvious how or why our subjects performed the discrimination.
Central Analgesic Activity

Many diseases have pain as a classical symptom requiring treatment with analgesics. Primary cancer and secondary metastases can lead to severe pain, which needs to be managed with strong analgesics, like opioid drugs. Opioids usually are safe when they are used correctly, but people who misuse opioids can become addicted. The addiction liability of opioids led to intensive research for compounds without this side effect. Many approaches have been used to differentiate the various types of actions of strong analgesics by developing animal models not only to study for analgesic activity but also to understand addiction liability. Several types of opioid receptors have been identified in the brain allowing in vitro binding tests. However, the in vitro tests can only partially substitute for animal experiments involving pain. Pain is a common phenomenon seen in all animals, at least in vertebral animals, similar to that felt by man. Analgesic effects in animals are comparable with the therapeutic effects in man. Needless to say, in every instance, painful stimuli to animals must be restricted as much as possible. Painful stimuli can be elicited due to direct stimulation of the efferent sensory nerves or stimulation of pain receptors by various means such as heat or pressure. The role of endogenous peptides such as enkephalins and endorphins gives more insight into how do brain processes pain and the action of central analgesics. Endorphin and enkephalin are the body’s natural painkillers. We need to consider how an understanding of the opioid system affects clinical responses to opiate administration and what the future may hold for improved pain relief. One of the salient features of inflammatory states is that normally innocuous stimuli can produce pain. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the role of various endogenous substances such as prostaglandins and peptides in the inflammatory process. Most of the so-called nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents have also analgesic activity. Lim and Guzman (1968) differentiated between antipyretic analgesics causing analgesia by blocking impulse generation at pain receptors in the periphery and narcotic analgesics that act by blocking synaptic transmission of impulses signaling pain in the central nervous system. An old but excellent survey on methods being used to test compounds for analgesic activity has been provided by Collier (1964). Today, the classification into central and peripheral analgesics is definitively too simplified (Bannwarth et al. 1993) but provides a guide for differentiation by pharmacological methods.
Research on Information Monitoring for Freeway Operation Safety

It was held that in order to improve the operating safety level of freeway,it is necessary to have real-time monitoring of information on the freeway,and that information acquisition on the freeway is a problem deserving of study.All kinds of freeway emergencies and influential factors of freeway operating safety were summarized.The factors were divided into two kinds: the static and the dynamic based on whether they change over time.From the perspective of traffic safety,the requirements of information acquisition of dynamic influential factors,which include traffic conditions,weather conditions,infrastructure conditions and abnormal events,were analyzed and the indicators to monitor were proposed.In addition,data acquisition methods and techniques of the infrastructure conditions were emphatically discussed.
Study on safety mining technology under Beirui river

By the analysis of hydrographic condition in Chenjiagou coal mine,the height of water flowing fractured zone was determined by field observation and numerical simulation.,Safety mining was implemented and the coal under river was mined safely by retaining reasonable waterproof pillar,using special mining method and technical safety measures. Mine recovery rate is increased and achieved remarkable economic benefits.
Preliminary Results of AML Therapy in Children Using Targeted Plasma Concentrations of Cytosine Arabinoside and Etoposide

The outcome for patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) treated with intensive chemotherapy has been disappointing [1,2]. Despite widely varying chemotherapeutic approaches, event-free survival (EFS) appears to be similar for most large trials [1–7]. The results of trials using autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in first complete remission (CR) appear similar to intensive chemotherapy regimens, and although allogeneic transplant offers a greater disease free survival, it is associated with a higher incidence of early death and transplant related complications [1,8,9]. Furthermore, even if appropriate donors were identified for all patients in first CR, approximately 30% of patients would still be transplanted unnecessarily since they would have been cured with intensive chemotherapy alone [10].
On the ground state energy of the δ-function Bose gas

The weak coupling asymptotics, to order , of the ground state energy of the delta-function Bose gas is derived. Here is the delta-function potential amplitude and ρ the density of the gas in the thermodynamic limit. The analysis uses the electrostatic interpretation of the Lieb–Liniger integral equation.
Human Capital, the Millennial's Reign, and the Need For Servant Leadership

Human capital has been a major emphasis and priority for organizations for the past 15–20 years; however, changing demographics in the workplace dictate that organizations step up these efforts. The current paper explores three generational cohorts, with particular emphasis on the Millennial generation as this cohort will encompass upward of 50% of the workforce by 2020. If organizations want to compete for and retain top Millennial talent, organizations must make themselves attractive to Millennials. This will require that organizations develop a leadership base that is suited to lead Millennials. We suggest that servant leadership is likely the optimal leadership style for creating an organization rich in human capital development and for making an organization a preferred workplace for the Millennial generation.
Effects of salbutamol aerosol combined with magnesium sulfate on T-lymphocyte subgroup and Th1/Th2 cytokines of pediatric asthma

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the intravenous infusion of salbutamol aerosol combined with magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pediatric asthma and the subsequent effects on the levels of T-lymphocyte subgroups and Th1/Th2 cytokines. A total of 86 patients with pediatric asthma, first diagnosed and treated at the Xuzhou Children's Hospital, were continuously selected and randomly divided into an observation group of 44 cases and control group of 42 cases. The patients in the control group were treated with budesonide atomization inhalation, while the children in the observation group were treated with intravenous infusion of salbutamol aerosol combined with magnesium sulfate. The therapeutic effects in the groups were compared. After treatment, the levels of serum CD3+ and CD8+ decreased when compared to before treatment; the levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ also increased, but the observation group had more significant improvement. Differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) increased when compared to before, while levels of IL-4 and IL-6 decreased, and the observation group had more significant improvement. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of VT, t-PTEF/t-E, MTIF/MTEF and TEF75/PTEF increased when compared to before; the observation group had more significant improvement. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The effective rate and degree of treatment for the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group and differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The intravenous infusion of salbutamol aerosol combined with magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pediatric asthma can significantly improve therapeutic effects and lung functions, improve immune functions and relieve inflammatory reactions. Therefore, it indicates better clinical application and promotion value.
AMPK promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function by phosphorylating the epigenetic factors DNMT1, RBBP7, and HAT1

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis by directly phosphorylating metabolic enzymes and nutrient transporters and by indirectly promoting the transactivation of nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We explored the mechanism of AMPK-mediated induction of gene expression. We identified AMPK consensus phosphorylation sequences in three proteins involved in nucleosome remodeling: DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (RBBP7), and histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1). DNMT1 mediates DNA methylation that limits transcription factor access to promoters and is inhibited by RBBP7. Acetylation of histones by HAT1 creates a more relaxed chromatin-DNA structure that favors transcription. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation resulted in the activation of HAT1 and inhibition of DNMT1. For DNMT1, this inhibition was both a direct effect of phosphorylation and the result of increased interaction with RBBP7. In human umbilical vein cells, pharmacological AMPK activation or pulsatile shear stress triggered nucleosome remodeling and decreased cytosine methylation, leading to increased expression of nuclear genes encoding factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), transcription factor A (Tfam), and uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3). Similar effects were seen in the aortas of mice given pharmacological AMPK activators, and these effects required AMPK2α. These results enhance our understanding of AMPK-mediated mitochondrial gene expression through nucleosome remodeling.
Power Spectral Density Analysis of Electrocorticogram Recordings during Cerebral Hypothermia in Neonatal Seizures.

Background: Neonatal seizures (NS) are the most common form of neurological dysfunction observed in newborns. Purpose: The purpose of this study in newborn piglets was to determine the effect of cerebral hypothermia (CH) on neural activity during pharmacologically induced NS. We hypothesized that the neuroprotective effects of CH would preserve higher frequencies observed in electrocorticogram (ECoG) recordings. Methods: Power spectral density was employed to determine the levels of brain activity in ECoGs to quantitatively assess the power of each frequency observed in neurological brain states of delta, theta, alpha, and beta-gamma frequencies. Result: The most significant reduction of power occurs in the lower frequency band of delta-theta-alpha of CH cohorts, while t score probabilities imply that high-frequency brain activity in the beta-gamma range is preserved in the CH population. Conclusion: While the overall power density decreases over time in both groups, the decrease is to a lesser degree in the CH population.
Directed evolution of the periodic table: probing the electronic structure of late actinides

Recent investigations of the coordination chemistry and physical properties of berkelium (Z = 97) and californium (Z = 98) have revealed fundamental differences between post-curium elements and lighter members of the actinide series. This review highlights these developments and chronicles key findings and concepts from the last half-century that have helped usher in a new understanding of the evolution of electronic structure in the periodic table.
Influence of IDH on FLT3-ITD status in newly diagnosed AML.

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase (FLT3) gene are among the most frequently encountered mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), occurring in 21-34% of de novo AML, with a higher frequency in younger patients and those with diploid cytogenetics.1, 2, 3, 4 FLT3-ITD mutations confer higher risk disease, particularly in younger patients, where FLT3-ITD is associated with shorter remission durations and high relapse rates after conventional induction therapy.5 Importantly however, the prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD is influenced by, and must be interpreted in the context of, concurrent mutations in other recurrently identified genes, including NPM1 and DNMT3A.5, 6, 7 Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations represent another class of frequently occurring molecular aberrations in AML, with IDH1 and IDH2 mutations noted in 6–16% and 8–19% of AML cases, respectively.8, 9 The prognostic relevance of IDH mutations remains a matter of debate, and appears to differ by the specific IDH mutation and by co-occurring mutations in other myeloid-associated genes.6, 10
Opportunities and challenges on nanoscale 3D neuromorphic computing system

Scaling down the transistor to gain more computation power will eventually reach the unsurmountable physical limitation. Neuromorphic Computing is a novel and promising computing scheme emulating the nervous structure and data processing methodology of a human brain. This paper presents the comparison between the conventional Von Neumann architecture and the neuromorphic computing architecture. We propose a novel 3D neuromorphic computing architecture combining the nanoscale device “memristor” and monolithic 3D integration technology, which could reduce system power consumption, provide high-connectivity, resolve routing congestion issues, and offer massively parallel data processing capability. We present the electrical modeling and simulation of our proposed nanoscale 3D neuromorphic computing structures. We also discuss the challenges in the field of neuromorphic computing design. In order to design a cognitive computing system by mimicking human brain functionalities, we present three novel architectures, which are notated as distributed neuromorphic computing architecture, cluster neuromorphic computing architecture, and associative neuromorphic computing architecture.
“BUSINESS SENSE IF NOT SOULS”: BOOSTERS AND RELIGION IN COLORADO SPRINGS, 1871–1909

On July 12, 1871, the Colorado Springs Company and its largest shareholder, William Jackson Palmer, adopted a plan that divided the hundreds of acres they owned into the streets, blocks, and plots of Colorado Springs. To sell the city, the boosters of Colorado Springs marketed it as a refined resort for wealthy industrialists, health seekers, and tourists. Boosterism in Colorado Springs appealed to these audiences over the next four decades by using a changing mixture of politics, business, and religious morality. This boosterism successfully distinguished the resort of Colorado Springs from the mines, steel mills, and agriculture that defined nearby towns.
Aquaculture production and marketing: a peek into the world of producers and consumers

The International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management (IAAEM) sponsored a special session on Aquaculture Economics and Marketing at the Aquaculture America 2017 Conference in San An...
Underdetermination in Late Postclassical Ḥanafī Legal Theories

This article argues that Ḥanafī uṣūlī s of the later phases of the postclassical period understood uṣūl to be universal propositions that were underdetermined with respect to their evidentiary bases. Though the purpose of such propositions was to confer actionable certainty to particular legal effects, the later tradition imagined the main charge of uṣūl al-fiqh on a meta-theoretic level, i.e., to determine how such propositions could themselves be suitably grounded. In casting the discourse within the framework of naturalized technical methods and distinctions from fields of logic and philosophy, the tradition generally granted the relational and systemic validity of each proposition in terms of the grounding it received from another underdetermined proposition. This second-order perspective of the tradition reveals that uṣūl were systemically and relationally valid, but individually underdetermined. Thus the application of the attribute of relational validity to them and to the effects for which they are serviceable is apt.
A Vaccine for Multiple Sclerosis

Summary Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease of the CNS, and T cells appear to play a central role in its pathogenesis. In an animal model, T cells specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) induce a syndrome (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) with symptoms similar to multiple sclerosis. This suggests that T cells specific for this protein may be pathogenic in multiple sclerosis. Anti-T cell vaccines that induce regulation of autoreactive T cells are effective treatments for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These anti-T cell vaccines include whole T cell vaccination, T cell receptor peptide immunisation, oral administration of myelin antigens and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II peptide immunisation. Preliminary experience in patients who have multiple sclerosis with the first 3 approaches suggests that anti-T cell vaccines represent feasible treatments for this disorder.
Green Democracy: Political Participation and Environmental Protection

This paper examines the relationship between political participation and environmental policy outomes in a cross-section of countries. The stuidy seeks to test the thesis that democratic participation leads to more positive outcomes in terms of environmental protection. The results of the study suggest that democratic participation does indeed have a strong, positive effect in areas like the reduction of particulate matter, but its effects are limited in less visible areas of environmental protection, such a carbon dioxide emissions.
Peritonitis in Paediatric Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

Despite several technical improvements, peritonitis remains one of the major complications in paediatric, as well as in adult continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD), i.e. continuous ambulatory (CAPD), and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The fact that this complication still constitutes one of the main causes of morbidity and technique failure [Edefonti 1996] highlights the need for optimal prevention and diagnosis, adequate treatment, and a balance between the goal of obtaining a high primary cure rate and the need to limit treatment side-effects. In paediatric patients, where hemodialysis (HD), for medical or psychosocial reasons, is not an equivalent option, the treatment and the prevention of peritonitis especially are key elements in the care of paediatric patients on CPD.
Linguistic Legitimacy, Language Rights and Social Justice: ‘No one is free when others are oppressed’

The ideology of linguistic legitimacy is important because it entails the delegitimation of the identity of the individual and the group of which she or he is a member. In the educational domain, this has implications for the child’s ability to function effectively in the language of the school, on language attitudes and beliefs about students and student ability, on the acquisition of literacy, and for virtually all aspects of academic achievement. In addition, the rejection of the individual’s language constitutes a violation of language rights. In this concluding chapter, it is argued that a rejection of the concept of linguistic illegitimacy is required, especially in educational settings, if there is to be any meaningful commitment to social justice.
ALFVÉN WAVE HEATING

The physics of Alfven-wave heating is particularly sensitive to the character of the linear mode conversion which occurs at the Alfven resonance layer. Parameter changes can profoundly affect both the location within the plasma and the mechanism for the power absorption. Under optimal conditions the heating power may be absorbed by electron Landau damping and by electron transit-time magnetic pumping in the plasma interior, or by the same processes acting near the resonance layer on the mode-converted kinetic Alfven wave. The method is outlined for computing the coefficients for reflection, transmission and absorption at the resonance layer and some representative results are offered.
Generative Metaphor: Names, Frames, and Concept Displacement

The science in design is indivisibly intertwined by artefact and theory through the neurophysiology and neuropsychology of metaphor. Metaphor is easily taken for granted – it is so pervasive, natural, and tacitly intrinsic to human verbal and written communication. But, its naturalness belies its formative role in cognition and ideation. Metaphor, epitomized by generative metaphor, engenders the capacity to proffer novel and innovative interpretations of intensions; to suggest creative perspectives that unearth artefact features that resonate with stakeholders’ genuine intensions. Generative metaphor is the quiddity of design. Metaphor is an instinctual lens for conceptualizing and refining the mapping of artefact features onto stakeholder intensions.
Play for Success: An intervention to boost object exploration in infants from low-income households.

Abstract Infants from low-income households typically spend less time exploring objects and use less mature strategies when they do explore compared to their higher-income peers (e.g., Clearfield et al., 2014 ). The current study tested a novel intervention designed to boost early object exploration in infants from low-income households. The intervention, called Play for Success, was administered through the Early Head Start home visiting program, and asked all infants to explore a toy with a caregiver for 10 min a day every day for two weeks. Forty-two 6- to 10-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: Social (unstructured direction), Teach Two (simple structured direction), or Teach Many (complex structured direction). Infants’ exploratory behaviors were tested three times: before the intervention, immediately following, and again four weeks later. The results demonstrated that only infants in Teach 2 maintained their level of exploration at both the post-test and 4 weeks later while infants in the other groups showed significant decreases in exploration over time. These results suggest that Play for Success is a promising new intervention, but only in the condition that included repeated simple structured direction.
Somebody to Lean On: The Moderating Effect of Relationships on Links Between Social Withdrawal and Self-Worth

Previous research has discovered different subtypes of social withdrawal based on motivations to approach or avoid social interactions. Each of these motivations are uniquely related to indices of maladjustment during emerging adulthood, including aspects of the self. However, research has yet to investigate whether or not relationship quality moderates these associations. The purpose of this study was to examine whether relationship quality with best friends, romantic partners, mothers, and fathers, respectively, serve as protective factors in the negative links between shyness and avoidance and self-worth. The participants included 519 college students (Mage = 19.87, SD = 1.99, 61% female) from four universities across the United States. Results revealed that relationship quality with both best friends and romantic partners moderated the relation between shyness and self-worth. The differences between parent and peer relationships are discussed.
Asymmetric Bilayers by Hemifusion: Method and Leaflet Behaviors.

Abstract We describe a new method to prepare asymmetric giant unilamellar vesicles (aGUVs) via hemifusion. Hemifusion of giant unilamellar vesicles and a supported lipid bilayer, triggered by calcium, promotes the lipid exchange of the fused outer leaflets mediated by lipid diffusion. We used different fluorescent dyes to monitor the inner and the outer leaflets of the unsupported aGUVs. We confirmed that almost all newly exchanged lipids in the aGUVs are found in the outer leaflet of these asymmetric vesicles. In addition, we test the stability of the aGUVs formed by hemifusion in preserving their contents during the procedure. For aGUVs prepared from the hemifusion of giant unilamellar vesicles composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol = 0.39/0.39/0.22 and a supported lipid bilayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol = 0.8/0.2, we observed the exchanged lipids to alter the bilayer properties. To access the physical and chemical properties of the asymmetric bilayer, we monitored the dye partition coefficients of individual leaflets and the generalized polarization of the fluorescence probe 6-dodecanoyl-2-[ N-methyl-N-(carboxymethyl)amino] naphthalene, a sensor for the lipid packing/order of its surroundings. For a high percentage of lipid exchange (>70%), the dye partition indicates induced-disordered and induced-ordered domains. The induced domains have distinct lipid packing/order compared to the symmetric liquid-disordered and liquid-ordered domains.
Monocular nasotemporal optokinetic asymmetry—unraveling the mystery

This article examines the reason why monocular nasotemporal asymmetry (MNTA) is integral in lateral-eyed afoveate animals, and shows how subcortical visual reflexes cause the visual cortex to secondarily reconfigure when the substrate for binocular vision fails to develop within a critical time window. Many pediatric ophthalmologists do not routinely check for MNTA, which is surprising, as I have found it to be a critical determinant of timing of strabismus that often dictates surgical dosing. MNTA readily distinguishes essential infantile esotropia from accommodative esotropia, which requires higher surgical dosing to restore binocular alignment. As clinical overlap can exist (e.g. essential infantile esotropia with an accommodative component), and a parent’s estimate of onset can be misleading, the absence of MNTA suggests that you may need to augment the standard recession. However, it is important to use an optokinetic drum with colored animals rather than stripes to engage a young child’s attention.
The Effect of Standard Pelleting and More Thermally Aggressive Pelleting Utilizing a Hygieniser on Feed Manufacture and Reduction of Enterococcus faecium, a Salmonella Surrogate

SUMMARY Feed hygienics are of ever increasing importance in providing safe feed to animals, and ultimately safe food for consumers. Salmonella has been identified as a major microbial hazard in animal feed that has been linked to illness in both animals and humans. Use of antibiotics has decreased in recent years due to policies and practices of poultry production, increasing opportunities for potential pathogens in feed to affect poultry and poultry products. New feed equipment technology provides an option to combat feed pathogens. For example, hygienisers have been suggested to decrease Salmonella associated with mash feeds due to the ability to maintain conditioned feed temperature for an extended time. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a non-pathogenic surrogate used to study reduction of Salmonella. The objective of the current study was to compare feed manufacture and Salmonella surrogate (E. faecium ATCC 8459) reduction differences between standard pelleting and more thermally aggressive pelleting utilizing a hygieniser. More thermally aggressive pelleting decreased pellet mill motor load (P = 0.02), increased hot pellet temperature (P = 0.02), and tended to increase pellet durability (P = 0.07). E. faecium ATCC 8459 colonies decreased with standard pelleting relative to inoculated mash and were reduced further with more thermally aggressive pelleting (P
The Political Business Cycle: An Institutional Critique and Reconstruction

(1987). The Political Business Cycle: An Institutional Critique and Reconstruction. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 713-722.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Hospital Wards

This month's Inpatient Notes discusses the history of hospital wards and how the changing character of the U.S. hospital—in social, political, and economic contexts—led to their disappearance.
Basic social resource needs screening in the gynecologic oncology clinic: a quality improvement initiative.

Background Social determinants of health are known to contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Routine screening for basic social needs is not a part of standard care; however, the association of those needs with increased healthcare utilization and poor compliance with guideline-directed care is well established. Objective In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of basic social resource needs identified through a quality improvement initiative in a gynecologic oncology outpatient clinic. In addition, we aimed to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with having basic social resource needs. Study Design We performed a prospective cohort study of women presenting to a gynecologic oncology clinic at an urban academic institution who were screened for basic social resource needs as part of a quality improvement initiative from July 2017 to May 2018. The following 8 domains of resource needs were assessed: food insecurity, housing insecurity, utility needs, financial strain, transportation, childcare, household items, and difficulty reading hospital materials. Women with needs were referred to resources to address those needs. Demographic and clinical information were collected for each patient. The prevalence of needs and successful follow-up interventions were calculated. Patient factors independently associated with having at least 1 basic social resource need were identified using multivariable Poisson regression. Results A total of 752 women were screened in the study period, of whom 274 (36%) reported 1 or more basic social resource need, with a median of 1 (range, 1–7) need. Financial strain was the most commonly reported need (171 of 752, 23%), followed by transportation (119 of 752, 16%), difficulty reading hospital materials (54 of 752, 7%), housing insecurity (31 of 752, 4%), food insecurity (28 of 752, 4%), household items (22 of 752, 3%), childcare (15 of 752, 2%), and utility needs (13 of 752, 2%). On multivariable analysis, independent factors associated with having at least 1 basic social resource need were being single, divorced or widowed, nonwhite race, current smoker, nonprivate insurance, and a history of anxiety or depression. A total of 36 of 274 (13%) women who screened positive requested assistance and were referred to resources to address those needs. Of the 36 women, 25 (69%) successfully accessed a resource or felt equipped to address their needs, 9 (25%) could not be reached despite repeated attempts, and 2 (6%) declined assistance. Conclusion Basic social resource needs are prevalent in women presenting to an urban academic gynecologic oncology clinic and can be identified and addressed through routine screening. To help mitigate ongoing disparities in this population, screening for and addressing basic social resource needs should be incorporated into routine comprehensive care in gynecologic oncology clinics.
Consideration of Pubertal Events Among Patients with Disorders of Sexual Differentiation

Disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD) are a diverse group of disorders defined as congenital conditions with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex. These disorders are frequently identified in the neonatal period, although some can be identified in utero or later in life. They can result from exogenous hormonal exposures, aberrant gonadal hormonal production, or defects of anatomic development. Patients can require complex hormonal and genetic testing and consideration of anticipated gender identity. The diagnosis and treatment of these disorders is best approached by a specialized multidisciplinary team that includes endocrinologists, urologists, gynecologists, geneticists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers. Treatment should encompass medical, surgical, and psychosexual needs. When considering pubertal development in relation to disorders of sexual differentiation, the clinician must consider the presence or absence of gonads at the time of puberty, functionality of the gonads, adult height potential, sex assignment, presence of reproductive organs, and potential for fertility. Because disorders of sexual development can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, either secondary to absence of sufficient hormone or overproduction of undesired hormone, clinicians often have to manage the peri-pubertal period with medication to achieve desired pubertal results.
The limited use of US residual newborn screening dried bloodspots for health disparity research.

State-run newborn screening programs screen nearly all babies born in the United States at the time of delivery. After newborn screening has been completed, some states store the residual dried bloodspots. It is unknown how they have been used to address health disparities–related research. In 2017–2018, a scoping review was conducted to evaluate the extent, type, and nature of how residual dried bloodspots. The review included 654 eligible publications, worldwide, published before May 2017. A post hoc analysis of the US-based studies using residual dried bloodspots (n = 192) were analyzed. There were 32 (16.7%) articles identified that studied a condition of a known health disparity or focused on a key population: 25 studies assessed a disease or condition, 6 expressly enrolled a key population, and 1 study included both (i.e., heart disease and African American/Black). Excluding 12 studies that researched leukemia or a brain tumor, only 20 studies addressed a known health disparity, with 6 stating a specific aim to address a health disparity. This resource could be used to gain further knowledge about health disparities, but is currently underutilized.
Luto e memória: a fragilidade do entrelugar em Ventos de Agosto

Ventos de Agosto, de Gabriel Mascaro, retrata a luta de uma pequena comunidade de pescadores de Alagoas ao tornar-se consciente das diversas correntes que a invadem. Representadas pelo avanco do mar sobre o cemiterio local, a forca descomunal destas correntes vem erodindo seus espacos de memoria e ameacando sua sobrevivencia como sociedade. A ideia de entrelugar, debatida no Brasil como um espaco de afirmacao e resistencia ao apagamento social, encontra em Mascaro um ponto de transicao em que a disparidade observada entre as forcas em questao aponta para uma interculturalidade precaria diante de tal desproporcionalidade e para uma ansiedade por sobrevivencia e memorializacao.
Dysregulation and Suicide in Children and Adolescents

Suicide rates continue to rise among children and adolescents; suicide is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Although research studies have identified factors associated with suicide risks for youths, none distinguishes those who have suicidal ideation from those who most likely will make an attempt or die by suicide. Most studies focus on psychiatric diagnoses associated with suicide risks. Recent studies suggest that cross-cutting symptom profiles may be a stronger predictor of risks for suicide than diagnosis. This article provides an overview of emotional dysregulation as it relates to suicidal ideation, intent, and behaviors for youth.
Does alarm fatigue start in nursing school

PURPOSE Alarm fatigue among working nurses is a well-documented, high-priority safety issue. This article describes a study to learn whether alarm fatigue develops in undergraduate nursing student populations. METHODS This longitudinal quantitative study employed survey data from a single cohort of nursing students in the Southeastern US over a period of 18 months to assess nursing students' level of sensitivity to alarms, including the call bell, bathroom, fall and safety, I.V. infusion pumps, and telemetry alarms. RESULTS These data were significant for I.V. infusion pump alarms and indicated a general decrease in sensitivity over an 18-month period. Nursing students with previous healthcare experience also noted decreased sensitivity to bathroom call bells and fall and safety alarms. CONCLUSION Alarm fatigue was recognized among the surveyed nursing students. Nurse educators also identified a performance-based strategy to increase student awareness of alarm fatigue and evidence-based strategies to minimize desensitization to alarms in both education and practice.
Residual Axial Capacity Estimates for Bridge Columns Subjected to Combined Vehicle Collision and Air Blast

Abstract Columns are the primary load-carrying components in the bridge, and column failure could initiate the collapse of the entire bridge. Estimates of residual axial capacity for round, bridge ...
Nitrene Photochemistry of Manganese N-Haloamides

Here we report the synthesis and nitrene transfer photochemistry of Mn(III) N-haloamide complexes. Photolysis results in both C–H bond amination and olefinic aziridination products. Low-temperature spectroscopy indicates halogen-dependent photoreactivity: Photolysis of N-chloroamides cleaves the Mn–N bond to generate Mn(II) and amidyl radical species; in contrast, photolysis of N-iodoamides proceeds via N–I cleavage yielding a formally Mn(IV) nitrenoid.
Use of Ophthalmic Sonography to Evaluate for Intraocular Foreign Body in Both Outpatient and Emergency Department/Urgent Care Patients:

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) present differently depending on the type of material (wood, glass, metal) for the IOFB, extent of the injury, and location of the injury. IOFB and the injury can ...
Drug-Pricing Debate Redux - Should Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Be Used Now to Price Pharmaceuticals?

Drug-Pricing Debate Redux The idea of permitting the government to negotiate pharmaceutical prices raises a question about the basis for negotiations: how to judge what’s a fair price. Absent well-...
Bidding Models: Resolution of a Controversey

The material presented herein offers a resolution of the controversy over the Friedman and Gates bidding models. Both have been shown to be correct in their own way, Friedman's model as a tool to determine an optimum bid, and Gates' model as a description of the results of bidding competitions.
Spatiotemporal Organization of Multispecies Communities in the Human Oral Microbiome

To control multispecies community function within dental plaque, one must first understand the spatiotemporal organization of the species within the community. Oral multispecies communities are not randomly organized. This chapter illustrates the application of metatranscriptomics to in vitro biofilm communities constructed with defined species. It describes the application of a sensitive procedure called catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) that measures mRNA at the single-cell level in vivo. A strategy to use the species to investigate metatranscriptomics of their communities, is presented in the chapter. Metatranscriptomic analysis of this community could document some gene expression changes accompanying this burst of growth. In summary, it appears that each of the three initial colonizers favors interaction with specific partners: Streptococcus oralis-Veillonella sp., Streptococcus gordonii-P. gingivalis, and Actinomyces oris-Fusobacterium nucleatum. With the availability of numerous genome-sequenced strains from the Human Oral Microbiome initiative, great progress can be achieved through metatranscriptomic analyses of two-, three-, and four-species biofilms growing on saliva as the sole source of nutrition. By using genome-sequenced strains, assigning gene functions to cDNA sequences will be much easier, and rapid progress can be made in understanding the relationship of community membership, spatiotemporal organization, and multispecies community growth.
Emotional support providers and psychological distress among Anglo- and Mexican Americans.

Accumulating evidence from studies investigating the role naturally-occurring emotional support networks play in remediating psychological distress strongly suggests that such networks buffer personal distress and lessen the need for formal mental health care. Research findings also suggest that reliance on emotional support networks varies across ethnic groups. The present study compared emotional support network characteristics of Anglo-Americans to those of Mexican Americans, in addition to examining the relationship between the reliance on specific support providers and psychopathological symptoms for Anglo- and Mexican Americans. Randomly selected adult Anglo- and Mexican Americans (n=515) living in one of three suburban communities in Southern California provided responses to a standardized measure of psychological impairment and named those persons on whom they depended in time of personal problems. Both Anglo- and English speaking Mexican American (ES MA) respondents reported significantly larger networks and more cumulative contact and reciprocity with network members than did Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans (SS MA) respondents. Anglos and ES MAs named significantly more friends and neighbors as emotional support providers than did SS MAs. SS MAs. on the other hand, more often depended on extended kin and spouses than did the other two subgroups. Professional caregivers accounted for a very small proportion of responses across the subgroups. The number of friends and neighbors as support providers was significantly and positively correlated with problems of social relations in only the SS MA subgroup. Implications of results for community mental health direct and indirect service components are discussed.