cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships at the Heart of Semantic Web: Modeling, Discovering, and Exploiting Complex Semantic Relationships

The primary goal of today's search and browsing techniques is to find relevant documents. As the current web evolves into the next generation termed the Semantic Web, the emphasis will shift from finding documents to finding facts, actionable information, and insights. Improving ability to extract facts, mainly in the form of entities, embedded within documents leads to the fundamental challenge of discovering relevant and interesting relationships amongst the entities that these documents describe. Relationships are fundamental to semantics—to associate meanings to words, terms and entities. They are a key to new insights. Knowledge discovery is also about discovery of heretofore new relationships. The Semantic Web seeks to associate annotations (i.e., metadata), primarily consisting of based on concepts (often representing entities) from one or more ontologies/vocabularies with all Web-accessible resources such that programs can associate "meaning with data". Not only it supports the goal of automatic interpretation and processing (access, invoke, utilize, and analyze), it also enables improvements in scalability compared to approaches that are not semantics-based. Identification, discovery, validation and utilization of relationships (such as during query evaluation), will be a critical computation on the Semantic Web. Based on our research over the last decade, this paper takes an empirical look at various types of simple and complex relationships, what is captured and how they are represented, and how they are identified, discovered or validated, and exploited. These relationships may be based only on what is contained in or directly derived from data (direct content based relationships), or may be based on information extraction, external and prior knowledge and user defined computations (content descriptive relationships). We also present some recent techniques for discovering indirect (i.e., transitive) and virtual (i.e., user-defined) yet meaningful (i.e., contextually relevant) relationships based on a set of patterns and paths between entities of interest. In particular, we will discuss modeling, representation and computation or validation of three types of complex semantic relationships: (a) using predefined multi-ontology relationships for query processing and
The Perspective of Feminist Pastoral Theology, a Review of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context

This essay review examines Indigenous and Cultural Psychology: Understanding People in Context, Edited by U. Kim, K.-S. Yang and K.-K. Hwang (New York, NY, US: Springer, 2006), from the perspective of feminist pastoral theology. In doing so, it focuses on shimjung, a critical Korean indigenous concept by Choi and Kim (Naive psychology of Koreans’ interpersonal mind and behavior in close relationships. In U. Kim, K.-S. Yang & K.-K. Hwang (Eds.), Indigenous and cultural Psychology: Understanding people in context (pp. 357–369). New York: Springer, 2006). There are three main sections in the essay review. First, shimjung of Korean women is discussed and compared with that of Korean men. Second, shimjung in mother–son relationship is analyzed and explored. Third, an invitation is given for further research in promoting shimjung exchange in the husband and wife relationship in Korean culture.
Use of a Remote Computerized System for Study Documentation in Clinical Trials

In an effort to decrease the complexity of drug administration at the clinic site and increase automation in the packaging, distribution, and administration of clinical trial supplies, the Cooperative Studies Program Clinical Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center developed the Remote Drug Treatment Information System (RDTIS). This system uses bar code technology to assist in the verification of drug assignments, management of dose adjustments, and documentation of clinical doses. The system also assists the clinical site in the collection of adverse medical events, documentation of patient enrollments and terminations, and incorporation of lab findings. Drug accountability is provided through daily monitoring of shipments and drug usage. This paper describes RDTIS, with an overview of the hardware and software design, implementation issues, and issues relevant to clinical trial administration. RDTIS can assist in automating the collection of routine data through the use of bar code technology, help prevent dispensing errors, and assure the maintenance of the blind.
Perfect mirrors and the self-accelerating box paradox

We consider the question raised by Unruh and Wald of whether mirrored boxes can self-accelerate in flat spacetime (the ``self-accelerating box paradox''). From the point of view of the box, which perceives the acceleration as an impressed gravitational field, this is equivalent to asking whether the box can be supported by the buoyant force arising from its immersion in a perceived bath of thermal (Unruh) radiation. The perfect mirrors we study are of the type that rely on light internal degrees of freedom which adjust to and reflect impinging radiation. We suggest that a minimum of one internal mirror degree of freedom is required for each bulk field degree of freedom reflected. A short calculation then shows that such mirrors necessarily absorb enough heat from the thermal bath that their increased mass prevents them from floating on the thermal radiation. For this type of mirror the paradox is therefore resolved. We also observe that this failure of boxes to ``float'' invalidates one of the assumptions going into the Unruh-Wald analysis of entropy balances involving boxes lowered adiabatically toward black holes. Nevertheless, their broad argument can be maintained until the box reaches a new regime in which box-antibox pairs dominate over massless fields as contributions to thermal radiation.
The Case of the Lawyer Who Filed Too Late

This article previews the issues and arguments in Irwin v. Veterans Administration, on the Supreme Court’s 1990-91 appellate docket. The first issue the Court will address is whether the 30-day filing requirement under Title VII for employment discrimination claims brought by federal employees is jurisdictional, so that failure to meet this requirement bars a claim. If the 30-day filing requirement is not jurisdictional, as in non-federal employment discrimination cases, is the time limit subject to the doctrine of equitable tolling? That is, can a federal claimant be excused for failing to file on time because of various circumstances that made the filing difficult or impossible? The second issue is whether the running of this 30-day period begins from actual receipt of a notice of a right to sue or from constructive notice of the right to sue.When a private person files a late claim under Title VII alleging employment discrimination, the claim is not automatically dismissed for tardiness. It is well established that private-sector Title VII claims are subject to the doctrines of waiver, estoppel, and equitable tolling. In other words, depending on the circumstances and the judge, it is possible for the procrastinating claimant to be forgiven the sin of delayed action. Irvin v. Veterans Administration will answer the question whether government employees suing the federal government under Title VII are entitled to the same dispensation as their civilian counterparts. This, then, is the story of a lawyer who filed toolate and who seeks a kind of equal justice for government employee late filers.There is a conflict among the circuits concerning the event that triggers the 30-day filing period. The Fifth Circuit holds that constructive notice of the right to sue, such as mere receipt in the lawyer's office, begins the applicable time period for filing a suit in district court. The Sixth and D.C. Circuits, on the contrary, have determined that actual notice to the claimant is the event that triggers the running of the 30-day period. Other circuits, such as the Seventh, Eight, and Ninth Circuits, have taken more forgiving approaches to construing what facts or series of facts constitute sufficient notice to trigger the 30-day filing period.The government contends that the characterization issue of actual or constructive notice is irrelevant, because under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure service is made upon a party's representative, acting as an agent for the client. Therefore, under the provisions relating to government employee suits, notice is effective from the time of delivery to the attorney's office without regard to whether the lawyer actually reads the notice. Irwin's lawsuit is fairly straightforward and basically requires the Supreme Court to determine whether Congress intended a separate filing deadline for government employees bringing Title VII discrimination claims. The case, of course, is of great importance for all federal employees who may need to avail themselves of these remedial statutes in prosecuting grievances against their federal employer.
Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Fluorescent nanocrystals, specifically quantum dots, have been a useful tool for many biomedical applications. For successful use in biological systems, quantum dots should be highly fluorescent and small/monodisperse in size. While commonly used cadmium-based quantum dots possess these qualities, they are potentially toxic due to the possible release of Cd(2+) ions through nanoparticle degradation. Indium-based quantum dots, specifically InP/ZnS, have recently been explored as a viable alternative to cadmium-based quantum dots due to their relatively similar fluorescence characteristics and size. The synthesis presented here uses standard hot-injection techniques for effective nanoparticle growth; however, nanoparticle properties such as size, emission wavelength, and emission intensity can drastically change due to small changes in the reaction conditions. Therefore, reaction conditions such temperature, reaction duration, and precursor concentration should be maintained precisely to yield reproducible products. Because quantum dots are not inherently soluble in aqueous solutions, they must also undergo surface modification to impart solubility in water. In this protocol, an amphiphilic polymer is used to interact with both hydrophobic ligands on the quantum dot surface and bulk solvent water molecules. Here, a detailed protocol is provided for the synthesis of highly fluorescent InP/ZnS quantum dots that are suitable for use in biomedical applications.
Use of a Dry Bottle to Feed Starter Grain To Holstein Calves

Twenty Holstein calves from 1 to 35 d of age were offered grain in either an open plastic bucket (control) or in an enclosed plastic bottle. After the 35-d trial, control calves were fed 1.8 L of whole milk twice daily for 7 d, then reduced to once daily and weaned at 56 d of age, whereas milk for calves receiving grain in bottles were given one daily feeding of 1.8 L of milk and were weaned at 42 d of age. Body weights were taken weekly, and feed intake was calculated daily. Blood serum was collected at weekly intervals from four calves for measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate. During wk 1 calves fed grain with the dry bottles consumed more (P .10) between treatments throughout the trial. Feed consumed per unit of body weight gained did not differ (P > .10). β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were similar (P > .10) during the trial. Young calves used the specially designed nipples during the first week of life and initiated grain intake earlier. The dry bottles protected grain from rain and flies compared to placing grain in an exposed bucket.
Autoregressive spatially varying coefficients model for predicting daily PM 2.5 using VIIRS satellite AOT

Abstract. There is considerable demand for accurate air quality information in human health analyses. The sparsity of ground monitoring stations across the United States motivates the need for advanced statistical models to predict air quality metrics, such as PM2.5, at unobserved sites. Remote sensing technologies have the potential to expand our knowledge of PM2.5 spatial patterns beyond what we can predict from current PM2.5 monitoring networks. Data from satellites have an additional advantage in not requiring extensive emission inventories necessary for most atmospheric models that have been used in earlier data fusion models for air pollution. Statistical models combining monitoring station data with satellite-obtained aerosol optical thickness (AOT), also referred to as aerosol optical depth (AOD), have been proposed in the literature with varying levels of success in predicting PM2.5. The benefit of using AOT is that satellites provide complete gridded spatial coverage. However, the challenges involved with using it in fusion models are (1) the correlation between the two data sources varies both in time and in space, (2) the data sources are temporally and spatially misaligned, and (3) there is extensive missingness in the monitoring data and also in the satellite data due to cloud cover. We propose a hierarchical autoregressive spatially varying coefficients model to jointly model the two data sources, which addresses the foregoing challenges. Additionally, we offer formal model comparison for competing models in terms of model fit and out of sample prediction of PM2.5. The models are applied to daily observations of PM2.5 and AOT in the summer months of 2013 across the conterminous United States. Most notably, during this time period, we find small in-sample improvement incorporating AOT into our autoregressive model but little out-of-sample predictive improvement.
Direct Effects of Increased Sugar Concentration on Proliferation and Activation of Jurkat T-cells.

High-fructose corn syrup has been used with increasing commonality in recent decades. Parallel with its use, an increased occurrence of autoimmune disease has been reported suggesting a potential correlation. We hypothesized that increased sugar concentration may activate T-cells. Using Jurkat T-cells as a model, we found that increased glucose and fructose concentration decreased Jurkat T-cell proliferation and death rates. This effect was significant at pH 7.4, while at pH 7.2 the above effects did not reach significance. Cells grown in high glucose and fructose concentration formed clusters that were unbreakable by standard trituration techniques indicating possible expression of high-affinity adhesion molecules characteristic of T-cell activation; this effect was more prominent in fructose than glucose formulations. We conclude that exposure of T-cells to sustained higher sugar concentration can lead to cells aggregation indicating possible activation in an antigen-independent manner, and can potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune disease.
Application of Image-Guided Full Waveform Inversion to a 2D Ocean-Bottom Cable Data Set

Image-guided full waveform inversion (IGFWI) was proposed and synthetically tested in Ma et al. (2011). Compared with conventional FWI, IGFWI yields models (e.g., velocities) that make better geologic sense because it takes into consideration the subsurface structures, which can be apparent in migrated seismic images. Moreover, IGFWI converges faster in fewer iterations, especially when reflection energy is used to invert for high-wavenumber details in the model. We test the IGFWI method on a 2D ocean-bottom cable (OBC) data set. In this test, we first use refraction data to update the lowwavenumber component of the model and then proceed to invert for high-wavenumber details with reflection data. In the reflection stage, we incorporate structural constraints into inversion; as a result, the estimated model make plausible geologic sense.
Analysis of Print Purchase on Demand Titles Ordered via Interlibrary Loan: A Collection Development Perspective

ABSTRACTThis article examines data from five years of titles ordered as part of an academic research library's purchase on demand program (POD-ILL) for print titles originally requested through interlibrary loan. The study evaluates a variety of factors: patron departments, campus location, and status; the subject areas of the books acquired; cost; and publishers. Assessment of POD-ILL data may assist a collection management librarian to determine the value of having patrons contribute to collection development decisions. In addition, subject librarians can use the data to evaluate approval and demand-driven acquisition profiles.
Coordination-Driven, Self-Assembly of a Polycyclic, Terpyridine-Based Nanobelt

A novel, tetrakisterpyridinyl-substituted porphyrin underwent self-assembly to form a three-dimensional, belt-shaped metallomacrocycle, which was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and electrospray ionization traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry.
A process for DoDAF based systems architecting

The Department of Defense Architectural Framework (DoDAF) is the DoD's mandated method to document system architectures. The current version of DoDAF i.e. v2.02 advocates a data-centric process focused on eliciting data to facilitate decision support. It prescribes a domain ontology i.e. the DoDAF Meta-Model (DM2) aimed at ensuring conformance and interoperability of architecture models. Although DoDAF currently does not prescribe or proscribe specific methodologies or tools, the mismatch between DoDAF's underlying modeling approach and mainstream methodologies and supporting technology in Systems Engineering (SE) has been alluded to in the literature [1-3]. This paper proposes a process for architecting of systems in line with the DoDAF, aimed at bridging this gap. Additionally it offers a discussion of supporting tools in this regard.
NIST on a chip with alkali vapor cells: Initial results

We describe progress at NIST to develop a series of “chip-scale”, SI-traceable electromagnetic reference instruments based on microfabricated alkali vapor cells. We anticipate being able to realize the second, the meter, the volt, the ampere and the kelvin using microfabrication techniques and spectroscopic measurement of alkali atom energy levels. We report here on initial fabrication efforts to develop optical wavelength references in which atomic vapor cells are integrated with single-mode photonics.
Separating and Supporting Hyperplanes

Now that we have a solid background in Euclidean geometry, we can go deeper into our study of convex sets begun in Chapter 3. This chapter is devoted to a thorough study of separating and supporting hyperplanes. We prove two geometric versions of the Hahn–Banach theorem, from which we derive separation results for various kinds of pairs of convex sets (open, closed, compact). We prove various versions of Farkas’s lemma, a basic result in the theory of linear programming. We also discuss supporting hyperplanes and prove an important proposition due to Minkowski.
Xenografts of pediatric solid tumors: predictive intermediate models?

Developing new therapy for treatment of solid tumors of childhood presents certain problems that are not encountered frequently with adult malignancies. In most instances, new agents are discovered through a process of serendipity, and certainly, design based upon metabolic characteristics of pediatric tumors has not been a major focus. Compounds showing potential against predominantly murine tumors and eliciting acceptable toxicity in preclinical toxicologic evaluations progress to traditional phase-I and phase-II clinical evaluation in adults. In the United States it is rare that a new anticancer drug will be tested in children simultaneously, or before adult phase-I trials have been completed. At this point in development, the new agent may fail to stimulate sufficient enthusiasm to further its evaluation in childhood malignancies and the compound may be discarded.
Mortalité à 30 jours après fracture de la hanche ou du bassin. Facteurs prédictifs

Abstract Introduction With the cost of healthcare in the United States reaching $2.9 trillion in 2013 and expected to increase with a growing geriatric population, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and Hospital Quality Alliance (HQA) began publicly reporting 30-day mortality rates so that hospitals and physicians may begin to confront clinical problems and promote high-quality and patient–centered care. Though the 30-day mortality is considered a highly effective tool in measuring hospital performance, little data actually exists that explores the rate and risk factors for trauma-related hip and pelvis fractures. Therefore, in this study, we sought to explore the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in trauma-related hip and pelvic fractures. Materials and methods Utilizing the ACS-NSQIP (American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) database, 341,062 patients undergoing orthopaedic procedures from 2005 to 2013 were identified through a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code search. A second CPT code search identified 24,805 patients who sustained a hip/pelvis fracture. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, operative characteristics and postoperative complications were collected and compared using χ2 test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Preoperative and postoperative risk factors for 30-day mortality following a hip/pelvis fracture were found: ASA classification, ascites, disseminated cancer, dyspnea, functional status, history of congestive heart failure (CHF), history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a recent blood transfusion, and the postoperative complications: pneumonia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and septic shock. Discussion Several preoperative patient risk factors and postoperative complications greatly increased the odds for patient mortality following 30-days after initial surgery. Orthopaedic surgeons can utilize these predictive risk factors to better improve patient care. Level of evidence Retrospective study. Level IV.
The Real Obama Doctrine in the Middle East: Continuing the American Moment

This chapter tests the claim whether US foreign policy under President Obama represents continuity or change. It also proposes the real Obama Doctrine and its principles. In order to test the claims, the study conducts a comparative case study analysis of US foreign policy toward Iran, Turkey, Syria, and the war against the ISIL. It finds that US foreign policy under President Obama represents continuity and the principles of the Obama Doctrine are in line with the geostrategic objectives of the USA in the Middle East and the strategies it has been implementing to achieve those objectives. What makes the Obama Doctrine different from other doctrines is its emphasis on the speak softly and carry a big stick principle of the Roosevelt Corollary.
Inhibition of Endocannabinoid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Peripheral Tissues Following Developmental Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats.

Repeated developmental exposure to the organophosphate (OP) insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) inhibits brain fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity at low levels, whereas at higher levels, it inhi...
The relativity of color

C. L. Hardin led a recent development in the philosophical literature on color in which research from visual science is used to argue that colors are not properties of physical objects, but rather are mental processes. I defend J. J. C. Smart's physicalism, which claims that colors are physical properties of objects, against this attack. Assuming that every object has a single veridical (that is, nonillusory) color, it seems that physicalism must give a specification of veridical color in terms natural to physics, independently of our interests. Hardin argues that since physicalism doesn't give us any such specification of veridical color, this view is false. However, this argument assumes a mistaken account of veridical color. I show physicalism can appeal to an alternative account, according to which veridical color is characterized in terms of favored conditions of perceptual access, independently of any specification of the physical nature of color.
Estimating percent impervious cover from Landsat-based land cover with a simple and transferable regression model.

ABSTRACTPercent impervious cover (PIC) is a widely used metric in ecological and hydrological analyses because it is highly correlated with pollutant and storm water run-off. The moderate-resolution satellite data (e.g. Landsat), that are typically used to calculate PIC, tend to overestimate PIC for all but very rural and very urban landscapes. Existing models for calibrating PIC estimates (e.g. ISAT, ETIS) are limited in that they are applicable only for specific land cover datasets and may also require population data; furthermore, these models have not been tested for performance outside of the geographic locations in which they were developed. The goal of this study was to explore simple but widely applicable regression models as tools for calibrating PIC estimates based on moderate resolution satellite data. The regression models used impervious land cover, from Landsat-based datasets, as the sole predictor of actual PIC. PIC was calculated for analysis units, ranging in size from 2.25 ha to ≥100 ha,...
Evaluating Urban Teacher Recruitment Programs: An Application of Private Sector Recruitment Theories.

This teacher recruitment study was conducted in one of the largest school districts in the United States. The participants (N = 152) were newly hired teachers. Findings revealed the participants co...
Working memory capacity is decreased in sleep-deprived internal medicine residents.

Background:Concerns about medical errors due to sleep deprivation during residency training led the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to mandate reductions in work schedules. Alt...
Forms of Space

Perceptions of space and of motions in space have led mathematicians to describe a wide variety of formal geometrical structures. In this chapter we will introduce a few of these structures, beginning with the description of arc length and of various curvatures, and going on to topological spaces, sheaves, manifolds, and the like. It will appear that the role of intuitive ideas is very important in the analysis of such geometric structures—and that it often is a long time before evident geometric intuitions are brought to a clear formal expression. These expressions provide many different forms for the elusive idea of “space”.
Defective RNA splicing resulting from a mutation in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit gene.

PURPOSE The authors have previously reported a 3' splice site mutation in intron 2 of the rod cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase (cGMP) beta-subunit (beta-PDE) gene in a patient with compound heterozygous autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this mutation interferes with RNA splicing, what products it generates, and whether the resultant mRNA is able to support the synthesis of the native protein. METHODS Two expression constructs were prepared by subcloning genomic DNA fragments (one from the control subject DNA and the other from the patient's DNA) to the pCIS2 expression vector. Recombinant plasmid DNA was introduced into 293 human embryonic kidney cells using the calcium phosphate-mediated transfection procedure. Northern blot hybridization, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing were used for RNA analysis. RESULTS Four major products were present in the RNA pool isolated from cells transfected with the expression construct containing the splice site mutation. One of the transcripts resulted from the activation of a cryptic 3' splice site located in exon 3, 12 nucleotides downstream of the mutated site. The second fragment was longer than the correctly spliced mRNA by approximately 1 kb and contained unspliced intron 2. Two other high molecular weight products corresponded to intermediate lariats. CONCLUSIONS An acceptor splice site mutation in intron 2 of the beta-PDE gene leads to the accumulation of pre-mRNA and intermediate lariats and a 12-nucleotide shorter beta-PDE transcript produced by the use of a cryptic splice site located in exon 3. In the normal beta-PDE mRNA, these 12 nucleotides code for ValPheLeuLys. These amino acids are highly conserved in the putative noncatalytic cGMP-binding domain I of beta-PDE from several species and, probably, are important for the correct folding and function of the protein.
Symmetry and pathway analyses of the twinning modes in Ni–Ti shape memory alloys

Abstract The complex interplay of multiple deformation modes in Ni–Ti systems play a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of the shape memory alloys, e.g., superelasticity, shape memory effect and functional fatigue resistance. In particular, several different twinning modes have been observed in experiments, which include both transformation twins (generated by a phase transformation between two phases) and mechanical twins (generated in a single phase). In spite of well-established theories to treat transformation twins and mechanical twins independently, a general framework capturing the intrinsic coupling between them is still unavailable. Here we systematically analyze all the twinning modes in Ni–Ti alloys, by employing a phase transition graph approach. We show that transformation twins and mechanical twins are intrinsically coupled in symmetry-breaking processes, which results in multiple interconnected deformation pathways. By investigating those deformation pathways, we demonstrate additional characteristic twinning modes arising from the coupling, which includes both symmetric and asymmetric twins. Our work provides a theoretical foundation to investigate the coupling between transformation twins and mechanical twins from a symmetry point of view.
Addressing social media dangers within and beyond the college campus

Building a healthy campus climate, one that is respectful, inclusive, and supportive of intellectual growth for the entire university community, has always been a challenge faced by educators. Repo...
Climate Change and Agriculture Reconsidered

Despite the existence of a large and growing literature on the potential impact of climate change on agriculture, there still exists some disagreement about the magnitude and even the sign. Our own research suggests that the impact on U.S. agriculture is likely to be strongly negative, based on a series of studies in which we link farmland values to climate variables, and crop yields to both climate and yearly weather variables. Results are significant, robust, and consistent across data sets and methods. A recent but influential study by Deschenes and Greenstone (2007b) reports dramatically different results: based on regressions of agricultural profits and yields on weather variables, they conclude that the impact of climate change will be either insignificant or positive. In this paper we reconcile these conflicting results. Likely explanations for the divergence between our findings and theirs are: (1) missing and almost certainly incorrect weather and climate data in their study, amplified by the use of state-by-year fixed effects that absorb most year-to-year weather variation but leave data errors intact; (2) their unusual and in our judgment incorrect treatment of climate- change predictions; (3) their use of the older Hadley II climate model for climate change predictions rather than the more recent and less optimistic Hadley III climate model used in the Fourth IPCC Report and in our studies; and (4) theoretical difficulties in their profit- based approach due to the confounding effects of storage and possibly also capital and inventory adjustments and local price movements associated with weather fluctuations. A careful account of these factors shows that the balance of evidence weighs heavily on the side of severe adverse potential impacts on U.S. agriculture by the end of the century, and probably sooner, stemming from anticipated global warming.
Reversed Pulsus Paradoxus in Right Ventricular Failure

Reversed pulsus paradoxus was first described in 1973 as a rise in peak systolic pressure on inspiration in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis or isorhythmic ventricular rhythm and in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction on positive pressure ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation, for example, may impel blood from the pulmonary capillaries and venules into the left atrium. This may increase left ventricular preload and accelerate ventricular emptying, which in turn may cause the systolic arterial pressure to rise during inspiration. We observed this phenomenon in a patient with a large pericardial effusion, right ventricular failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and we noted the lack of echocardiographic features of tamponade in the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary hypertension. This case report discusses the subsequent occurrence of acute congestive heart failure after pericardiocentesis.
Adaptive virtual metrology method based on Just-in-time reference and particle filter for semiconductor manufacturing

Abstract The prediction of the average Material Removal Rate (MRR) for Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) process has been recognized to be a critical factor of Virtual Metrology (VM) modeling as well as wafer-to-wafer process control. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to dynamically predict MRR in CMP process by using a Just-in-time (JIT) model-based strategy. First, the proposed method applies a reference search procedure to query similar data samples from the historical dataset. Second, a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model is used to fuse the similar data samples with the past MRR. Finally, Particle Filter (PF) is employed to estimate and update the fusion result. The application of PF ensures that the method can track the CMP process change and continuously learn from the current dataset. Compared with static models, the proposed method, named JIT-PF model is an online dynamic method with enhanced accuracy. Compared with pure JIT model, JIT-PF model keeps the historical knowledge in the process. A public dataset is used to validate JIT-PF model with the benchmarks from the recent literature. The model outperforms other peer dynamic models and some static models from the literature.
Forward-central two-particle correlations in p–Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC

We present the results of measurements of two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles reconstructed in the ALICE Forward Muon Spectrometer (−4.0<η<−2.5) and associated particles reconstructed in the central barrel detectors (|η|<1.0) in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. At low transverse momentum (pT), the reconstructed trigger particles mainly originate from weak decays of primary pions and kaons, whereas at high pT, they originate mainly from the decay of heavy-flavor particles. The ridge structure elongated in the η-direction, discovered recently in p–Pb collisions, is found to persist to the pseudorapidity ranges studied here. The second-order Fourier coefficients of muons are extracted after subtracting the correlations obtained in low-multiplicity events from those in high-multiplicity events. The ratio of coefficients in the Pb-going and p-going directions is presented as a function of pT, and the coefficients are observed to have a similar pT dependence in both directions with the Pb-going coefficients larger by 16±6%. The results are compared with calculations from a multi-phase transport model.
Bayesian learning of chemisorption for bridging the complexity of electronic descriptors

Building upon the d-band reactivity theory in surface chemistry and catalysis, we develop a Bayesian learning approach to probing chemisorption processes at atomically tailored metal sites. With representative species, e.g., *O and *OH, Bayesian models trained with ab initio adsorption properties of transition metals predict site reactivity at a diverse range of intermetallics and near-surface alloys while naturally providing uncertainty quantification from posterior sampling. More importantly, this conceptual framework sheds light on the orbitalwise nature of chemical bonding at adsorption sites with d-states characteristics ranging from bulk-like semi-elliptic bands to free-atom-like discrete energy levels, bridging the complexity of electronic descriptors for the prediction of novel catalytic materials. Developing a generalizable model to describe adsorption processes at metal surfaces can be extremely challenging due to complex phenomena involved. Here the authors introduce a Bayesian learning approach based on ab initio data and the d-band model to capture the essential physics of adsorbate–substrate interactions.
AMPK signaling mediates synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity in Drosophila

Expression of synphilin-1 in neurons induces hyperphagia and obesity in a Drosophila model. However, the molecular pathways underlying synphilin-1-linked obesity remain unclear. Here, the Drosophila models and genetic tools were used to study the synphilin-1-linked pathways in energy balance by combining molecular biology and pharmacological approaches. We found that expression of human synphilin-1 in flies increased AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 compared with non-transgenic flies. Knockdown of AMPK reduced AMPK phosphorylation and food intake in non-transgenic flies, and further suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia, fat storage, and body weight gain in transgenic flies. Expression of constitutively activated AMPK significantly increased food intake and body weight gain in non-transgenic flies, but it did not alter food intake in the synphilin-1 transgenic flies. In contrast, expression of dominant-negative AMPK reduced food intake in both non-transgenic and synphilin-1 transgenic flies. Treatment with STO609 also suppressed synphilin-1-induced AMPK phosphorylation, hyperphagia and body weight gain. These results demonstrated that the AMPKsignaling pathway plays a critical role in synphilin-1-induced hyperphagia and obesity. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of synphilin-1 controlled energy homeostasis.
Seizing opportunity: Diverse early-entry nursing students' perceptions of seeking a PhD

Abstract Background The aging and retirement of the current nursing professoriate and the increasing numbers of nurses pursuing practice doctorates has precipitated decreasing numbers of nurses, specifically diverse nurses pursuing a research doctorate, thus limiting the development of nursing science. Purpose To describe factors influencing decisions about entering a PhD program from the perspectives of early-entry PhD nursing students. Method A qualitative descriptive design using semistructured interviews to explore the perceptions of making the decision to pursue a PhD in nursing of the students who participated in two early-entry mentoring programs. Findings A model, entitled “Seizing Opportunity” was developed from the findings about the process of students deciding to pursue a PhD. Discussion Motivators and detractors that can help nursing educators understand how to successfully recruit diverse PhD students were uncovered. Providing knowledge and mentoring for early entry students can increase the numbers of diverse students pursuing a PhD in nursing.
An update on psychotic spectrum disorders and disasters.

Purpose of review The aim of this study is to review the recent literature on disasters' impact on the course of psychotic spectrum disorders (PSDs) and how people with PSD fare during a disaster, including the effects of COVID-19. Recent findings Several, but not all, studies examining disasters including earthquake-affected communities and refugee populations have found increased incidence of PSDs. Studies have been inconsistent regarding psychosis incidence in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, patients with PSD have been found to cope poorly in recent disasters including flooding and a nuclear accident. Patients with schizophrenia appear to be at particular risk during COVID-19 due to such issues as poor awareness of health precautions and the psychiatric impact of lockdown. However, novel methods including telepsychiatry have allowed care of this population to remain consistent during COVID-19. Summary There is conflicting evidence as to the association between disasters and onset of PSD, and further study is needed to elucidate this link. Patients with PSDs are more likely to fare worse during disasters. Novel approaches to delivery of care have helped offset the psychiatric risks to PSD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. These approaches may be applicable to other disaster scenarios or to general outpatient care.
The Interplay Between Insolvency Proceedings and Parallel International Arbitration Proceedings in the Post-Pandemic World

As businesses emerge into the post-pandemic world, insolvency proceedings offer practical solutions to businesses aiming to recover from the recent global economic fallout. These businesses hope to repay their debts, restructure and reorganize their assets, and generally manage their operations. While effective, insolvency-based solutions are often designed only to further domestic legal and policy goals and they do not perfectly interact with cross-border business relationships. This article draws upon the authors’ expertise in international dispute resolution to discuss the legal and practical challenges found at the intersection of insolvency proceedings and parallel international arbitration proceedings. These insights provide businesses and their insolvency advisers with a blueprint for managing competing concerns at a sensitive and unpredictable time in a business’s lifecycle.
Bringing transparency and trustworthiness to loot boxes with blockchain and smart contracts

Abstract The ever-increasing reliance on loot boxes by the video game industry has attracted scrutiny from consumer groups and regulators. For example, this practice of selling random assortments of virtual items for a price has been criticized for its lack of transparency since, before purchasing a loot box, players do not necessarily know the possible items they can win and the associated probabilities. Even in the rare cases when the list of items and probabilities are available, there are no guarantees that a game is actually using that information when randomly drawing an item, which naturally results in a trust problem. We draw from decision theory to explain the transparency and trust issues faced by loot boxes, and from a recently proposed decision model by Pedersen et al. (2019) to motivate the use of blockchain technology in this context. Following the design science research framework (Peffers et al., 2007), we then explain how loot boxes can be coded as smart contracts running on a blockchain network, and why this solution effectively tackles the transparency and trust problems we mentioned above. We illustrate the use of the proposed smart contract by developing a decentralized application (DApp) that mimics the process of purchasing and opening a loot box. We carefully analyze our solution by considering its computational complexity, accuracy, security, and cost aspects. We further discuss topics related to governance and deployment so as to help the video game industry with a potential real-life implementation of our solution.
Why does social essentialism sometimes promote, and other times mitigate, prejudice development? A causal discounting perspective

Abstract Children often hold “essentialist” intuitions about social categories, viewing them as reflecting people’s intrinsic essences or biological natures. This intuition promotes prejudice development (e.g., race- and gender-based prejudices). However, emerging research reveals that essentialism also mitigates prejudice development (e.g., weight- and sexuality-based prejudices). Why do children’s essentialist views sometimes promote prejudice, and other times mitigate it? I propose that causal discounting may account for these distinct effects: Essentialism may promote prejudice by leading children to discount structural explanations (i.e., to reason that a group is low-status because of its personal deficiencies rather than its structural disadvantages), but it may mitigate prejudice by leading children to discount agentic explanations (i.e., to reason that a group was “born that way” rather than choosing to be that way). Thus, the consequences of essentialism may reflect both the explanations children endorse as well as those they discount. Cognitive, developmental, and social implications are discussed.
Nonprofit Board Governance Policy Adoption: Toward an Integrated Board Interlock Network and Institutional Perspectives:

Previous research lags behind in illuminating theoretical mechanisms that shape governance decision-making on board practices. Using an integrated theoretical approach, I examine how board interloc...
Stature and Criminal Behavior

STATURE AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR By Rebecca J. Fish, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Major Director: W. Scott Street, IV, Ph.D. Assistant Professor , Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Minorities are significantly overrepresented in America's prison population, and many studies have been conducted to determine possible causes for such a disparity. Few of these studies, however, have examined small stature as a potential contributor to criminal behavior. This study examines the relationship between criminal behavior and stature among American males. The heights, weights, stature scores (a function of the product of height and weight) and the body mass indices of criminals are examined as a whole, as well as by subgroup based on race, locality, and nature of the crime committed. The average weight of the male criminal population is substantially lower than that of the general male population. The center of the height distribution for urban criminals is found to be lower than men who commit crimes in suburban or rural areas, as is the center of the weight distribution for index criminals when compared to non-index criminals. Murderers demonstrate the smallest mean and median heights and weights when compared to the rest of the criminal population. Although small stature can be associated with certain crimes and localities, size cannot be associated with the racial disparity in today's prisons.
Synthesis of fixed structure controllers for discrete time systems

In this paper, we develop a linear programming approach to the synthesis of stabilizing fixed structure controllers for a class of linear time invariant discrete-time systems. The stabilization of this class of systems requires the determination of a real controller parameter vector (or simply, a controller), \(K\), so that a family of real polynomials, affine in the parameters of the controllers, is Schur. An attractive feature of the paper is the systematic approximation of the set of all such stabilizing controllers, \(K\). This approximation is accomplished through the exploitation of the interlacing property of Schur polynomials and a systematic construction of sets of linear inequalities in \(K\). The union of the feasible sets of linear inequalities provides an approximation of the set of all controllers, \(K\), which render \(P(z,K)\) Schur. Illustrative examples are provided to show the applicability of the proposed methodology. We also show a related result, namely, that the set of rational proper stabilizing controllers for single-input single-output linear time invariant discrete-time plants will form a bounded set in the controller parameter space if and only if the order of the stabilizing cannot be reduced any further. Moreover, if the order of the controller is increased, the set of higher order controllers will necessarily be unbounded.