cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence of a multicameral core

When a single group uses majority rule to select a set of policies from an n-dimensional compact and convex set, a core generally exists if and only if n = 1. Finding analogous conditions for core existence when an n-dimensional action requires agreement from m groups has been an open problem. This paper provides a solution to this problem by establishing sufficient conditions for core existence and characterizing the location and dimensionality of the core for settings in which voters have Euclidean preferences. The conditions establish that a core may exist in any number of dimensions whenever n ≤ m as long as there is sufficient preference homogeneity within groups and heterogeneity between groups. With m > 1 the core is however generically empty for n > 4m−2 3 . These results provide a generalization of the median voter theorem and of non-existence results for contexts of concern to students of multiparty negotiation, comparative politics and international relations.
Emergence of Periodical Cicadas (Magicicada cassini) From a Kansas Riparian Forest: Densities, Biomass and Nitrogen Flux

Abstract The 1998 emergence of 17-y periodical cicadas (Magicicada cassini) on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area (KPRNA), Kansas, was quantified using emergence trap transects and counts of emergence holes. Emergence density, biomass (emergence production) and associated nitrogen flux were estimated for the entire 100 ha gallery forest of Kings Creek, the major drainage network on KPRNA. Emergence commenced on 22 May 1998 and lasted for 24 d, with 87% of the individuals emerging within the first 9 d. Males dominated early during the emergence, and the sex ratio for the entire population was estimated at 54:46 male:female. Average emergence abundance and biomass estimated from trap transects located in low areas where cicadas were most abundant were 152/m2 and 34.9 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM)/m2, respectively. Based on emergence hole counts, average density and biomass for the 59 ha of gallery forest where cicadas emerged were 27.2 individuals/m2 and 6.3 g AFDM/m2, and emergence hole densities >100/m2 wer...
Effect of Hormonal Changes on Voiding in the Elderly Woman

Hormonal loss after menopause result in changes that occur to the vaginal epithelium, which shares a common embryological origin with the lower urinary tract. These changes due to hypoestrogenism lead to symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections. Replacement of estrogen can provide benefits to some of these conditions, but potential complications associated with the use of unopposed estrogen (including cardiovascular and oncogenic) have given clinicians pause for concern before administering it to patients without adequate counseling. This review article will examine the pathophysiology of the urogenital changes that occur after hormonal loss. We will discuss several well-designed trials that answer questions about the relationship between hormone replacement therapy and overactive bladder, stress incontinence, and recurrent urinary tract infections. In light of the controversy over estrogen therapy and patients’ warranted concerns about the risks, we will also discuss newer hormonal agents, their role in treating this condition, as well as how we counsel patients on a reasonable hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen.
Electroweak Symmetry Breaking via a Top Condensation Seesaw Mechanism

We propose a new mechanism in which all of the electroweak symmetry breaking is driven by a natural top quark condensate, produced by ``top-color'' interactions at a multi-TeV scale. The scheme allows the observed top quark mass, and acceptable $T$ and $S$ parameters, by invoking a seesaw mechanism involving mixing of the top with an additional isosinglet quark.
Conceptual basis for advances in the systemic drug therapy of breast cancer.

Abstract Several directions are currently being explored to improve treatment outcome among patients with breast cancer. Although regulation of cell division likely will be necessary to effect an ultimate cure for cancer, work continues into maximizing responses to chemotherapy to manage the neoplastic progression and symptoms of disease. While new anticancer agents are being sought, progress has been most readily achieved through the concepts of drug dosing and scheduling. Manipulating treatment impact by altering drug intensity and using novel scheduling strategies are yielding improvement in responses, and newer concepts, such as the limits of cytoreduction, are gaining prominence in clinical trials. This article reviews the current knowledge, ongoing research protocols, and future directions in these areas of systemic therapy for breast cancer.
A Survey of Techniques for Architecting and Managing GPU Register File

To support their massively-multithreaded architecture, GPUs use very large register file (RF) which has a capacity higher than even L1 and L2 caches. In total contrast, traditional CPUs use tiny RF and much larger caches to optimize latency. Due to these differences, along with the crucial impact of RF in determining GPU performance, novel and intelligent techniques are required for managing GPU RF. In this paper, we survey the techniques for designing and managing GPU RF. We discuss techniques related to performance, energy and reliability aspects of RF. To emphasize the similarities and differences between the techniques, we classify them along several parameters. The aim of this paper is to synthesize the state-of-art developments in RF management and also stimulate further research in this area.
The hand of God: Diego Maradona and the divine nature of cheating in Classical Antiquity

Heroized cheating is among the most persistent memories of the 1986 Football World Cup. While Diego Maradona’s brilliant second goal against England was dubbed by sportswriters everywhere “the goal of the century,” his first, hand-propelled, is differently remembered by journalists and other writers in London and Buenos Aires. Maradona’s cheating, witnessed by millions worldwide, was not observed by the Tunisian referee and other match officials during the game. In the footrace at funeral games for Patroclus in the Iliad, there is even some divine cheating: the goddess Athena intervenes, in response to Odysseus’ prayer, and sends Salaminian Ajax sprawling face down in the filthy waste of sacrificial bulls to prevent him winning and thus give victory to Odysseus (Iliad 23.768-784). If the gods cheat to help human favorites, can cheating itself be wholly unacceptable even on a solemn occasion honoring a dead warrior? When Ajax detects Athena’s role in his defeat and complains about it to his companions, they just laugh at him. This paper examines the depiction of cheating in Greek and Roman art and poetry and concludes that Maradona’s mano de dios was trivial by comparison.
Recent Legal Developments Criminal Justice Decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court, 2015 Term

In this article, we review and analyze the criminal justice–related decisions of the 2015 term of the U.S. Supreme Court. We also provide a summary of the Court’s voting patterns and opine authorsh...
Range of Movement and Dispersal of Some Rodents at the Nevada Atomic Test Site

Range of movement and dispersal of Ammospermophilus leucurus , Dipodomys merriami , D. microps , Onychomys torridus , Peromyscus maniculatus , Perognathus formosus and P. longimembris were studied for over a year at the Atomic Test Site, Mercury, Nevada. Traps were operated more than 25,000 trap nights in five different plant associations. Recapture data, range of movement distances, maximum dispersal distances and range of movement patterns are given.
Perinatal educational demands.

Educational demands are presented in a manner to facilitate the formalization of perinatal teams to affect perinatal health care beneficially.
The relationship of dietary and supplemental calcium intake to bone loss and osteoporosis

Calcium supplements have become big business in the United States. The sale of calcium supplements increased sevenfold from 1980 to 1985, with +130,000,000 being spent on calcium supplements during 1985. The median daily dietary calcium intake for women in the United States is 574 mg and for men is 826 mg. The average American diet contains 389 mg calcium per 1,000 kcal. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 800 mg calcium may be insufficient to meet the needs of women who are "poor absorbers" of calcium. Research linking calcium intake with bone density is confounded by the type of bone measured, the variation in efficiency of calcium absorption among individuals, and the methodology for measuring calcium intake. Although calcium supplements will retard cortical bone loss in some postmenopausal women and are generally safe, they are not so effective as estrogen.
Associations Between Prior Deployments and Marital Satisfaction Among Army Couples

Although the experience of deployments has been described as devastating to married life, evidence linking deployments directly to poorer marital functioning has been sparse. The analyses described in this article compare associations between prior deployments and current marital satisfaction across four different ways of measuring prior deployment within a large and representative sample of married Army service members and their spouses. Results indicate that the experience of prior deployments is associated with significantly lower current marital satisfaction among military couples. The association is disproportionately strong for first deployments and first cumulative months of deployment and weakens over subsequent deployment experiences. Most of these associations, but not all, can be accounted for by the fact that service members who have been deployed are more likely to have experienced traumatic events and to experience posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, both of which are independently associated with lower levels of marital satisfaction.
Early Intervention in Psychosis in the United States: From Science to Policy Reform

Available data have demonstrated the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of multi-component treatment packages for individuals early in the course of psychotic-spectrum disorders. In response,...
Modeling the Polystyrene–Asphaltenes–Toluene Mixture Using the Perturbed-Chain Form of Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Equation of State

Typically, the addition of a non-adsorbing polymer to a system containing colloidal particles causes a phase separation in a mechanism known as depletion flocculation. Recent experiments have shown that the addition of polystyrene to a mixture of asphaltenes and toluene causes phase separation into two liquids.1 In this paper, this effect is modeled using the perturbed-chain form of statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state, demonstrating agreement with the experimental data. The effects of the temperature, pressure, and polystyrene mean molecular weight on the mixture phase behavior are investigated. The phase behavior of the system was not sensitive to pressures up to 1500 atm; however, increasing the temperature or reducing the mean molecular weight of polystyrene caused the one-phase region to expand. The paper demonstrates that a solution model with rigorous physics is able to capture the phase behavior that is typically described as a depletion flocculation mechanism in the co...
Models, Mediation, and Mobilization: A Framework for Analyzing Technology and Inequality

This chapter builds a simple conceptual framework for analyzing technology and inequality, bringing together aspects of both the technological and institutional context schools . Drawing from the Science and Technology Studies (STS) literature, the framework begins with a ‘practice’ view of technological systems, including technology practice (how technology choices are embedded in specific artifacts and processes), and business practice (how business model choices lead to specific value creation and capture activities). The conceptual framework draws attention to how technology mediation, the business model, and the mobilization of key stakeholders affect the creation and capture of value, leading to shifts in wealth or wealth effects. Figure 5.1 provides a graphic overview of the conceptual framework.
Lower limb and spinal cord injuries increased the risk for venous thromboembolism after major trauma

Source Citation Geerts WH, Code KI, Jay RM, Chen E, Szalai JP. A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. N Engl J Med. 1994 Dec 15;331:1601-6.
A Review of Get Out: On White Terror and the Black Body

ABSTRACTThis essay provides a review of Jordan Peele's film, Get Out. The author argues that Peele's Get Out illustrates the protracted terrorism that is whiteness and the concomitant objectification and utilization of the black body for white survival, accumulation, and pleasure. The film challenges those in education to consider how anti-blackness operates within schools and education policy. More specifically, those in education should challenge longstanding inequities that foreclose the presents and futures of black youth.
Abstract 3707: Minocycline Treatment Inhibits Spontaneous Hemorrhage in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), the accumulation of amyloid around arterioles, is a common cause of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly. The precise mechanism leading to ICH is unclear, but several mouse models which mimic aspects of CAA have been created. These mice develop amyloid plaques, CAA, and microhemorrhages with advanced age. We have utilized one such mouse model (Tg2576 mice) to determine if inhibiting inflammatory responses with minocycline may impact spontaneous hemorrhage rates. Methods: Groups of aged-matched tg2576 mice, ranging from 15-20 months, were treated with saline (n=8) or minocycline 50 mg/kg (n=9), ip every other day for 2 months. After treatment, mice were sacrificed, brains were removed, sectioned and stained for amyloid (congo red and Abeta immunostaining), microhemorrhage (Perl’s Blue), astrogliosis (GFAP immunostaining), or microgliosis (CD11b immunostaining). CAA load and amyloid plaque load were measured based on area fraction of 4 regularly spaced brain sections from each mouse. Hemorrhages were counted and graded based on size (grade 1, 1-3 Perl’s blue puncta; grade 2, 4-10 puncta; grade 3, >10 puncta) in 30 regularly spaced brain sections from each mouse. Groups were compared using Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test. Results: Mice tolerated minocycline treatment without adverse effects: average weights before, during, and after treatment did not differ between groups. Mice treated with minocylcine had significantly fewer hemorrhages than saline-treated mice (0.26 vs 0.43 hemorrhages/section, p=0.02). Grade 2 hemorrhages were significantly fewer in minocycline-treated mice (0.06 vs. 0.17 hemorrhages/section, p=0.005), but grade 1 and 3 hemorrhages were not statistically different between groups. Amyloid plaque load in the cortex (14 vs 13% area) and hippocampus (11 vs 8% area) did not differ between the two treatment groups. Total brain CAA load (0.12 vs 0.14% area) was also unchanged. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed far fewer activated microglia (CD11b immunostaining) in the minocycline-treated group compared to the saline-treated group, especially around amyloid deposits (both plaques and vascular amyloid); astrocytosis (GFAP immunostaining) was not altered. Conclusions: These data indicate that minocycline treatment reduced spontaneous hemorrhage rates in Tg2576 mice, a murine model of CAA and AD, without affecting amyloid load. Thus, it appears to inhibit downstream mechanisms involved in CAA-induced hemorrhage by decreasing microglial activation. Because minocycline is FDA-approved for a variety of clinical uses, its safety has been well-documented. A clinical trial using minocycline in CAA patients with ICH should be considered.
Toward occlusion-capable optical see-through head-mounted displays

Among the many challenges in developing optical see-through head-mounted displays (HMD) for consumer applications, achieving high-contrast image in bright environment is one of the key obstacles. Most of the state-of-the-art optical see-though head-mounted displays (OST-HMD) lack the ability to occlude the real scene and fail to render the virtual scene in high contrast with bright surroundings. In this paper, we will review the technical challenges, present the development of an occlusion-capable OST-HMD prototype, and demonstrate its mutual occlusion capability and performance in bright environments.
Searching for the QCD critical point via the rapidity dependence of cumulants

Near a critical point in a phase diagram, certain observables show characteristic fluctuations. The authors qualitatively predict how such fluctuations depend on the rapidity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and thereby present a distinctive observable to search for the critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram. This is particularly relevant to the coming low-beam-energy scan at RHIC.
A hybrid neural network model for predicting silicon content

The silicon content of the hot metal in the blast furnace ironmaking process normally reflects the thermal state of the furnace and affects the fuel rate. In this paper a hybrid neural network model is proposed to predict the silicon contentn steps ahead. A time-delay neural network, which has self-loops to represent dynamics, is adopted here. The learning procedure of this network has been divided into two states. A BP algorithm with forgetting factor is first introduced to find the appropriate structure of the network. The temporal difference (TD) method with forgetting factor is then used forn-step-ahead prediction. The results show that the method can perform satisfactoryn-step-ahead prediction and is suited for implementation.
Critical Examination of Sex Education in the Elementary School

Abstract This study presents the position of educational and religious leaders, as well as that of biology, physiology, psychology, and sociology on sex education in the elementary school. The study reviews what authorities in these fields consider to be the school's function and responsibility. Findings indicate that family life education, of which sex education is a part, should be integrated into the school program at all levels. It points to the school administrators and lack of trained teachers as the chief bottlenecks to family life education in the public schools. Work in family life education, the study concludes, should be spearheaded jointly in the school and community by the Parent Teacher Association and the school staff. The study emphasizes a need for adequate pre- and in-service teacher training and adequate teaching aids.
Material Classification from Symmetry

It is useful to classify simple materials according to certain material symmetries reflected in the symmetry group of a material with respect to a reference placement. Following Noll, these considerations lead to precise definitions for various material types such as solids, fluids and isotropic materials.
The Principle of Fairness, Political Duties, and the Benefits Proviso Mistake

Recent debate in the literature on political obligation about the principle of fairness rests on a mistake. Despite the widespread assumption to the contrary, a person can have a duty of fairness to share in the burdens of sustaining some cooperative scheme even though that scheme does not represent a net benefit to her. Recognizing this mistake allows for a resolution of the stalemate between those who argue that the mere receipt of some public good from a scheme can generate a duty of fairness and those who argue that only some voluntary action of consent or acceptance of the good can generate such a duty. I defend a version of the principle of fairness that holds that it is the person’s reliance on a scheme for the provision of some product or service that generates duties of fairness to share in the burdens of sustaining the scheme. And, on this version, the principle of fairness is politically significant: regardless of whether the citizen has a duty to obey the law, she will still have important political duties of fairness generated by her reliance on the various public goods provided by those society-wide cooperative schemes sustained by the sacrifices of her fellow citizens.
Natural fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene composite hybridized with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene:

A great deal of research and development work has been recently conducted on natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite for its abundancy, low density, excellent damping characteristic, and ...
Nothing alien about it: A comparison of weight bias in preschool-aged children's ratings of non-human cartoons and human figures.

Abstract Media exposes children to weight biased messaging by presenting overweight characters negatively. Although bias against human figures and human characters has been examined, children’s bias against non-human animated characters is unstudied. Children’s (N = 60; 4–6 years old) weight bias against human and non-human characters was measured. Children saw characters of different weights (thin, overweight), genders (girl, boy), and stimuli type (human-line drawing, human-photo, non-human cartoon), and rated them using positive and negative characteristics. ANOVAs and t-tests examined weight bias based on mean ratings of each character. Overweight figures were rated more negatively than non-overweight figures overall, regardless of gender or type of stimulus. Further, mean ratings of the non-human cartoon were significantly less positive than ratings of both the line drawings and photographs of human figures. However, there was no interaction of stimulus type and weight status, suggesting that bias is expressed equally against human and non-human overweight figures. Results indicated that children’s negative weight bias extends to non-human cartoon figures. Implications for children’s media are discussed.
So distant, yet useful: The impact of distal stories on customers’ service expectations

Abstract Due to the uncertainty and unpredictability of service experiences, customers often read other customers’ stories in online reviews before choosing a service provider. These stories include details about the storyteller, such as where she or he lives and when she or he experienced the service encounter. These details can make the reader feel near to or far from the service experience described in the story. In this study, we investigate how this near or far feeling — psychological distance — influences service expectations. Drawing from construal level theory (CLT), we propose that psychologically distant (vs. proximal) stories enhance customers’ service expectations by promoting a high- (vs. low-) level construal of the information presented and find broad support for this expectation using Yelp.com review data and lab experiments. This research contributes to the services marketing literature by revealing how seemingly innocuous aspects of stories embedded in online reviews influence service expectations.
Steroids, Dissociatives, Club Drugs, Inhalants, and Hallucinogens

Anabolic-androgenic steroids, inhalants, hallucinogens, dissociative anesthetics and “club drugs” are a heterogeneous group of substances that have considerable potential for misuse and associated morbidity and/or mortality. Steroid use often goes undetected, even by addiction psychiatrists, though significant medical and psychiatric consequences often arise from chronic use. Inhalants, which are commonly found in household products and used by adolescents, quickly reach high concentrations in the brain through crossing the blood–brain barrier as well as alveolar membranes, leading to rapid “high.” Hallucinogens represent a diverse group of compounds that alter sensory perceptions often by modulating serotonin. Dissociatives cause a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness and memory by their antagonism of NMDA receptors and include substances like PCP, dextromethorphan, and ketamine. MDMA, commonly known as “ecstasy,” is a common club drug that modulates monoamines in neuronal synapses. GHB is another “club drug” that has both medical and recreational use, though has a serious, alcohol-like withdrawal syndrome. In order to appreciate the unique characteristics of these substances and provide effective management for patients using them, an understanding of the history of these compounds, their epidemiology and prevalence, their associated comorbidities, the various forms of these substances, their general pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, their patterns of use and misuse, their pathogenesis, their presenting signs and symptoms, and the adverse medical effects associated with them are presented.
Effect of feed deprivation on daily water consumption in healthy horses

Background Measurements of water consumed by fed healthy horses might not apply to horses that are unwilling or unable to drink or are not fed for any reason. Objective To examine the effects of feed deprivation on voluntary water consumption compared with fed conditions. Study design In vivo experiment. Methods Eight healthy adult Thoroughbred geldings were used in a randomised crossover design so that each horse served as its own control for fed vs feed-deprived conditions. Water intake, bodyweight, physical findings and vital signs were measured during 4 days of feeding and 4 days of feed deprivation. Daily measurements during the trial periods were PCV, TPP, electrolytes, osmolality and triglycerides. Plasma and extracellular fluid volumes were measured in the last 8 hours of the trial periods. Data were analysed with a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures, and statistical significance was P ≤ .05. Results Feed deprivation immediately and persistently reduced water consumption to ~16% of fed values, with laboratory evidence of mild dehydration on day 4. Main limitations Changes in total body water and in water and electrolyte excretion or conservation through faeces and urine were not measured. Conclusions Feed consumption has a marked effect on water requirements in healthy horses. Because current guidelines for water needs were obtained in the fed state, they might not apply to horses that are denied feed for any reason or have reduced feed intake. This study provides new information on water consumption in horses that should apply to this essential nutrient in health and disease.
Treatment of erectile failure and ejaculatory incompetence of homosexual etiology

Abstract The treatment of a case of impotence related to homosexual orientation is described. In addition to the usual anxiety reduction procedures an arousal reconditioning procedure was employed. The latter consisted of introducing heterosexual stimuli at chosen times in the arousal induced by homosexual fantasies during masturbation and also during heterosexual activity. The homosexual arousal was later phased out of the treatment.
Exposure to Anticholinergic Medications in Pediatric Severe Sepsis and Feasibility of Delirium Screening.

In sepsis, anticholinergic dysregulation may result in encephalopathy or delirium during severe illness, either as a result of central inflammation or because of exposure to medications with anticholinergic activity. In this retrospective study, we determined the magnitude of anticholinergic drug exposure in 75 children with severe sepsis. We found that exposure over the first 5 days was high—median (interquartile range) daily anticholinergic drug scale score 4 (2–5)—and associated with higher vasoactive scores and death. We conclude that anticholinergic drug exposure is significant in severe sepsis, which means it may be a modifiable factor that should be studied further.
Combining current focusing and steering in a cochlear implant processing strategy.

To evaluate the benefit of combined current focusing and steering to speech recognition in noise with cochlear implants (CIs).Combined current focusing and steering was implemented using focused pa...
Association of Insurance Status with Patient Health at New Orleans Student-Run Free Clinics

Since the closure of Charity Hospital after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans Student-Run Free Clinics have helped fill the resulting void in healthcare access for the underserved New Orleans population. To better understand the health insurance status and health outcomes of this patient population, 1036 patient records from seven New Orleans Student-Run Free Clinics were collected and analyzed between February 2017 and March 2020. Insurance status was significantly associated with gender, race, homelessness, and prior incarceration, but not with education. Substance use rehabilitation centers had low uninsured rates, while homeless shelters had higher uninsured rates. Patients on Non-Medicaid insurance were most likely to be prescribed a medication for diabetes (p = .01), hypertension (p = .21), and psychiatric conditions (p = .04), followed by those on Medicaid, and then those who were uninsured. This study demonstrates the benefits of health insurance and provides important data that can inform future health insurance enrollment efforts and health policy.
Inverse scattering and stability for the biharmonic operator

We investigate the inverse scattering problem of the perturbed biharmonic operator by studying the recovery process of the magnetic field \begin{document}$ {\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} and the potential field \begin{document}$ V $\end{document} . We show that the high-frequency asymptotic of the scattering amplitude of the biharmonic operator uniquely determines \begin{document}$ {\rm{curl}}\ {\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ V-\frac{1}{2}\nabla\cdot{\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} . We study the near-field scattering problem and show that the high-frequency asymptotic expansion up to an error \begin{document}$ \mathcal{O}(\lambda^{-4}) $\end{document} recovers above two quantities with no additional information about \begin{document}$ {\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ V $\end{document} . We also establish stability estimates for \begin{document}$ {\rm{curl}}\ {\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ V-\frac{1}{2}\nabla\cdot{\mathbf{A}} $\end{document} .
Feature-driven classification reveals potential comorbid subtypes within childhood apraxia of speech

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous communication and other comorbid manifestations. While previous studies have characterized speech deficits associated with CAS, few studies have examined variability in reading and language and/or other developmental comorbidities. We sought to identify comorbid subgroups within CAS that could be clinically relevant as well as genetically distinctive. In a group of 31 children with CAS and 8 controls, we performed hierarchical cluster analysis utilizing measures of articulation, vocabulary, and reading. We also conducted a chart review of the children with CAS to examine other clinical characteristics in these children and their association with subgroup membership. We identified 3 comorbid subgroups within CAS of varying severity. The high severity subgroup was characterized by poor reading and vocabulary, and the moderate severity subgroup by poor reading and non-word repetition but average vocabulary, compared to the mild severity subgroup. Subgroups were indistinguishable with respect to speech sound production, the hallmark of CAS, all demonstrating poor articulation. Children in the most severe subgroup were more likely to have early problems feeding (p = 0.036). Children with CAS may potentially be classified into comorbidity groups based on performance on vocabulary and reading measures, providing additional insight into the heterogeneity within CAS with implications for educational interventions.
Opto-thermal Induced Flow Enables Faster Trapping in Nanoaperture Tweezers

Opto-thermal induced flow was integrated with nanoaperture tweezers to overcome the diffusion-limited trapping process, which resulted in more than an order-of-magnitude reduction in particle trapping time.
Trade War, RCEP and CPTPP: Will East Asia Decouple from the United States?

The deepening US-China trade war and two new megaregional trade agreements, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), are reshaping the landscape of East Asian trade. The CPTPP and RCEP are moving forward without the United States and India, respectively, which were once seen as critical partners. Using a computable general equilibrium model, we show that in the context of the US-China trade war these agreements will raise global national incomes by $121 billion and $209 billion annually by 2030, respectively, yielding especially large benefits for China, Japan, and South Korea and losses for the United States and India. These gains offset losses of $301 billion from the trade war globally, but not fully for the United States and China. The trade war increases the value of RCEP because it strengthens East Asian interdependence and will likely create regional ties similar to institutional arrangements proposed in the 1990s.
The Business and Human Rights Arbitration Rule Project: Falling Short of its Access to Justice Objectives

The Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration, initiated by the Business and Human Rights Arbitration Working Group, aims to create an international private judicial dispute resolution avenue available to parties involved in business and human rights issues, thereby helping to address the significant remedy gap faced by victims of business-related abuses. With the perspective that “international arbitration holds great promise as a method to be used to resolve human rights disputes involving business,” the Drafting Team released, in November 2018, an Elements Paper on Business and Human Rights Arbitration, as well as, in June 2019, Draft Arbitration Rules on Business and Human Rights. Following the release of the Draft Rules, CCSI published this Briefing Note, "The Business and Human Rights Arbitration Rule Project: Falling Short of its Access to Justice Objectives.”
State Disengagement: Evidence from Former French West Africa

How do states respond to political resistance? The standard repression or concession logic presumes that the state is strong enough to punish or co-opt dissent effectively. Instead, we argue that the state may disengage when it is weak. We show that colonial governments in French West Africa reduced public investments in districts where chiefs engaged in largely non-violent disobedience. However, we also show that chieftain disobedience reduced government taxes and fees on Africans, rather than increased them as punishment. Because the state was too weak to punish with higher taxation or to concede by increasing investments, the state disengaged in hard-to-rule districts. Our findings show that chieftain resistance helps explain why subnational development was so unequal during colonialism. Low-level and non-violent resistance, often overlooked in the conflict literature, also affect state-society relations and state formation.
Impact of Heterogeneity on Forwarding Schemes in Opportunistic Networks

In the paper, we concentrate on the infl uence of heterogeneity on the performance of forwarding algorithms under opportunistic networks. Therefore, we first describe two different heterogeneous network models, and capture the heterogeneity which concern mobile nodes' contact dynamics under the individual models and the spatial models. Then we investigate inter-contact time is not fully follow exponential distribution and compare the performance of the delivery delay between direct forwarding protocol and three-hop forwarding protocol under three network models. We illustrate the performance of message delivery delay under the spray and wait protocol and prophet protocol from simulation results. Our simulation results show that the heterogeneity should be considered for the performance of forwarding protocols.
The 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index as a Predictor of 30-day Complications in Pressure Ulcer Repair.

ABSTRACT Background The 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a validated tool to assess postoperative risks in older surgical candidates. We sought to compare the predictive ability of mFI-5 to its individual components and other established risk factors for complications in flap reconstruction of late-stage pressure ulcer repair. Methods The 2012 to 2018 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for pressure ulcer diagnosis and reconstructive flap repair procedures. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis models were used to assess how mFI-5, the components of the mFI-5 (functional status before surgery, diabetes, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, history of congestive heart failure, and history of hypertension requiring medicine), and other factors commonly used to risk-stratify (age, obesity, ASA classification, and history of smoking) were associated with complications. Results: 35.1% of the total 1254 flap reconstructive procedures for pressure ulcer repair experienced complications. Most cases had at least one of the five mFI-5 factors in both the complication (42.7%) and no complication (45.7%) cohorts. Compared with the factors making up the mFI-5 score and other common variables used to risk-stratify, mFI-5 was significantly associated with complications in the univariate (OR 1.17, CI 1.03 – 1.33; P = 0.02) and multivariate analysis (OR 1.16, CI 1.02 – 1.34; P = 0.043). Conclusions The mFI-5 is a useful predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing reconstructive flap surgery for pressure ulcer injuries compared to other historically considered risk factors for surgical complications.
Mass Transfer After the Main-Sequence Phase

The striking feature of semi-detached systems had been noticed for a long time, that the expanded component is the less massive one, without exception. Crawford (1955) was the first to suggest that the apparent violation of the best-established rules of star evolution calls for an enormous mass transfer which reverses the roles of primary and secondary stars. The pioneering quantitative study by Morton (1960) confirmed the observational conclusion that the process is very rapid, at least in the sense that its initial phase performs the major part of transfer. It is mostly completed on a time-scale of 105 yr, and possibly less in many instances. No pair is known to show a bilateral post-main sequence mass exchange. The difference of evolutionary speed — although small for nearly equal components — thus still suffices to outlast the rapid transfer. And no pair is known which shows, by way of period changes, the maximum theoretical rates of mass change per time. What is known, is the low-mass object remaining a bit later. The spectral features, when discerned, resemble those of a subgiant, and the great dissimilarity of masses between normal class IV subgiants and mass-loss stars is revealed by the low mass functions of pairs of the latter kind. The rejuvenated secondaries which were recipients of mass transfer could likewise hardly be recognised from the spectrum if it were not for evidence of binary nature.
PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITION: A NOVEL STRATEGY TO IMPROVE STEM CELL THERAPY IN THE HEART

Several studies have implicated cellular replacement therapy as a treatment strategy for myocardial infarction, although the results have been limited. Therefore, enhancing the therapeutic potential of stem cells injected into ischemic microenvironments by novel preconditioning strategies is critical for improving cellular therapy. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of PDE-5 with sildenafil (Viagra®) or selective knockdown with a silencing vector in adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) would improve their survival after simulated ischemia/reoxygenation (SI/RO). ASCs were treated with sildenafil or infected with a PDE-5 silencing vector shRNA (shRNA PDE-5 ) and subjected to SI/RO. Both sildenafil and shRNA PDE-5 significantly reduced cell injury with improved viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase release and reduced apoptosis. The preconditioned ASCs demonstrated an increase in the release of nitric oxide metabolites and growth factors including VEGF, b-FGF, and IGF into conditioned medium in which treatment protected adult cardiomyocytes from SI/RO. The cytoprotective effect seen in ASCs against SI/RO injury was abolished by inhibition of protein kinase G (PKG) with a pharmacological inhibitor and selective knockdown with shRNA PKG . Our data shows that in vitro inhibition of PDE-5 using either genetic of pharmacological approaches can improve stem cell therapy following myocardial infarction.
Fluid-structural dynamic characterization of an electroactive membrane wing

The interactions between low-Reynolds-number fluid flow and an electroactive membrane wing is characterized to illustrate changes in harmonic and transient behavior from electric field excitation o...
Water-Soluble Vitamin D in Human Milk: A Myth

For the past 50 years, repeated analyses of human milk have shown an average of 20 IU/liter of vitamin D activity. Following the 1977 report of Lakdawala and Widdowson,1 which found that a large amount of water-soluble vitamin D sulfate was present in the whey (or water-soluble) fraction of human milk, the previous studies appeared to be in question. This study by Lakdawala and Widdowson reportedly confirmed earlier reports from Japan2-4 and France5 which not only demonstrated large quantities of vitamin D sulfate in human milk, but also strongly suggested that this vitamin D metabolite had biologic activity in rats.
Protein–DNA Interactions: Techniques Used

A plethora of biochemical and biophysical techniques are used to investigate various aspects of protein–DNA interactions. Some of the more common and useful of these are filter binding, the gel mobility shift assay, a large group of related techniques broadly categorized as footprinting, high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy. Keywords: protein–DNA complexes; techniques; DNA-binding proteins
On the Juarez-Lincoln-Marti Project: An Example of International Cooperation in Education and Research

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTInternational cooperation between educators from institutions of higher education contributes to development of stronger ties between peoples and nations, as well as to fostering more and better education and research on a global scale. The Juarez-Lincoln-Marti International Education Project was created following this philosophy, and has operated for ten years. In this paper the objectives, goals and trajectory of the Project are presented, and the four main Project activities (scholarships for conference attendance, faculty development workshops, diffusion via the Internet of educational news, and donation of educational materials) are overviewed. The educational contents of the Project's faculty development workshops and derived educational research materials are also discussed. Finally, a recent example of a JLM Project's educational assignment is described in detail.
Comparison of Applicant Criteria and Program Expectations for Choosing Residency Programs in the Otolaryngology Match

Objective. To evaluate criteria used by residency applicants in ranking otolaryngology residency programs and to compare applicant criteria with program expectations of ranking otolaryngology residency programs.Study Design. Cross-sectional survey.Setting. 2009 and 2010 match cycles.Subjects and Methods. Program applicants and otolaryngology program directors.Main Outcome Measures. Applicants were asked to rank the importance of 10 criteria in choosing a residency program (1 = criterion was of the utmost importance and 20 = not important at all). Program directors were asked to express expectations of how applicants should rank programs using those same criteria. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze responses between groups.Results. Comprehensiveness of subspecialties and resident satisfaction were the most important criteria for both groups; salary, call schedule, and likelihood to rank the resident highly were least valued. Four criteria were significantly different between groups. Applicants sig...
Cardiac Output Determination

Critical care nurses frequently are involved in obtaining cardiac output measurements and in using these data to assess and to plan therapy. This article reviews the physiologic determinants of cardiac output and the clinical factors that influence these determinants. Principles and techniques of common methods of cardiac output measurement are discussed. A thorough presentation of guidelines for troubleshooting problems with thermodilution cardiac output measurement is provided in a table. Nursing management issues are discussed using relevant nursing research. Future considerations in cardiac output measurement are discussed, and suggestions of an ideal cardiac output system are provided.
Apport d'une nouvelle technique de numérisation au contrôle des champs d'irradiation

Resume Afin d'optimiser le controle des champs d'irration, nous proposons dans ce travail une nouvelle technique de numerisation (banc Kodak) des cliches de controle associee a un traitement original de l'image visant a ameliorer le contraste des structures anatomiques. Pour valider cette technique, deux tests statistiques ont ete realises. Pour chacun d'entre eux, quatre medecins radiotherapeutes ont visionne 80 cliches de controle. Les images traitees par rapport aux cliches originaux ont ete jugees de meilleure qualite ( p = 0,001) et ont permis d'identifier avec une meilleure precision les structures anatomiques ( p ≤ 0,001). En conclusion, grâce a son automatisation et a sa souplesse d'utilisation, notre procedure de numerisation des cliches de controle peut s'integrer dans l'activite quotidienne d'un service de radiotherapie.
Harness : Adaptable virtual machine environment for heterogeneous clusters

This paper describes ongoing work on the Harness system for next-generation hetergeneous distributed computing. Harness is an adaptable, reliable virtual machine environment being built as a follow-on to PVM. The three fundamental concepts presented here are parallel plugins, fault-tolerant distributed control, and dynamically merging and splitting virtual machines. The distributed control mechanisms provide the support framework necessary for coordinating and applying parallel plugins that allow applications to customize or tune their operating environment on-the-fly. In the spirit of CUMULVS, Harness applications can plug into each other to couple for collaborative computing. Virtual machines that merge and split can assist applications in dynamically utilizing different computing resources to suit changing computational needs.
Sources and sinks of climate entropy

A satisfactory climate model must have similar sources and sinks of entropy to those of the atmosphere itself. This paper examines some of the theoretical and numerical issues involved in entropy sources and sinks. A balance equation is developed that involves a balance between entropy destruction by emission and absorption of radiation and entropy production by irreversible molecular processes. Estimating the thermal molecular source from turbulent enthalpy fluxes is shown to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics only for free convection. Four entropy sources connected with the dissipation of kinetic energy are discussed. Moist convection is treated in terms of the mixing of warm/dry and cool/moist air masses. Questions are raised about the validity of treating latent heat as an external heat source acting upon a dry atmosphere. Theoretical estimates of entropy sources are compared with earlier estimates by Peixoto and others, and to the sources and sinks of entropy in a Goddard Institute of Space Studies climate control run. There are many discrepancies, particularly for moist convection. Our knowledge of atmospheric sources and sinks of entropy is evidently poor and, even if they were known, it would be difficult to construct a climate model with sources and sinks as precise as Johnson considers to be necessary.