cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated Expression of the Integrin-Associated Protein PINCH Suppresses the Defects of Drosophila melanogaster Muscle Hypercontraction Mutants

A variety of human diseases arise from mutations that alter muscle contraction. Evolutionary conservation allows genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster to be used to better understand these myopathies and suggest novel therapeutic strategies. Integrin-mediated adhesion is required to support muscle structure and function, and expression of Integrin adhesive complex (IAC) proteins is modulated to adapt to varying levels of mechanical stress within muscle. Mutations in flapwing (flw), a catalytic subunit of myosin phosphatase, result in non-muscle myosin hyperphosphorylation, as well as muscle hypercontraction, defects in size, motility, muscle attachment, and subsequent larval and pupal lethality. We find that moderately elevated expression of the IAC protein PINCH significantly rescues flw phenotypes. Rescue requires PINCH be bound to its partners, Integrin-linked kinase and Ras suppressor 1. Rescue is not achieved through dephosphorylation of non-muscle myosin, suggesting a mechanism in which elevated PINCH expression strengthens integrin adhesion. In support of this, elevated expression of PINCH rescues an independent muscle hypercontraction mutant in muscle myosin heavy chain, MhcSamba1. By testing a panel of IAC proteins, we show specificity for PINCH expression in the rescue of hypercontraction mutants. These data are consistent with a model in which PINCH is present in limiting quantities within IACs, with increasing PINCH expression reinforcing existing adhesions or allowing for the de novo assembly of new adhesion complexes. Moreover, in myopathies that exhibit hypercontraction, strategic PINCH expression may have therapeutic potential in preserving muscle structure and function.
Transformation of Silver Nanospheres into Nanobelts and Triangular Nanoplates through a Thermal Process

Silver has been prepared as triangular nanoplates with sharp corners and thin nanobelts by refluxing an aqueous dispersion of spherical colloids of silver with an average diameter of 3.5 nm. The spherical colloids of silver were, in turn, generated by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and sodium citrate. Our studies indicate that the light present in an ordinary chemical laboratory was sufficiently strong to transform some spherical nanoparticles into small triangular nanoplates. Refluxing provided the driving force to facilitate the Ostwald ripening process−growth of these plate-like seeds at the expense of spherical nanoparticles. In addition, refluxing might also selectively disrupt the organic layers on the surfaces of the small triangular nanoplates, driving these plates to assemble into thin nanobelts due to the strong dipole−dipole interaction between adjacent plates. These nanostructures of silver with unique planar shapes might find u...
Separation of variables in the two-point BBGKY equations

Abstract Under two particular closure conditions, the two-point BBGKY equation is shown to be separable into equations for one- point turbulent fluctuations, yielding, respectively, a linear equation anda nonlinear integro-differential equation of convolution type. Analogy with Schrodinger's equation is discussed.
Racialized Life-Chance Opportunities across the Class Structure: The Case of African Americans:

Considerations of how socioeconomic outcomes are racialized within discrete class categories have been neglected in assessing the race/class determinants of life-chance opportunities of African Americans. This article addresses this shortcoming. Specifically, it synthesizes findings from recent sociological research concerning how segregation in two institutional spheres, residence and employment, produce racialization at two class levels— among the impoverished and the middle class. The article documents that segregation plays a significant role in producing racial inequality at both class levels, though it exerts different influences across class categories: at the impoverished level, segregation in the residential sphere, and at the middle-class level, segregation in the employment sphere, emerge as critical underpinnings of African Americans’ inferior life-chance opportunities. The implications of the findings for using traditional Weberian and Marxist modes of class analyses in assessing the life-cha...
A matrix approach to the theory of biotopological mapping.

A method is introduced for using matrices to represent the organism-graphs of Rashevsky's theory of biotopological mapping. The representation is made in such a way as to reveal the structure of these graphs. Using insight gained from the consideration of the matrix representations, a theorem is proved concerning the primordial origins of organisms and counterexamples are displayed to show the necessity of the hypotheses of this theorem.
Migration of persons between households in rural Alaska: considerations for study design.

Introduction. Recent epidemiologic research studies in rural Alaska have examined risk factors for infectious diseases collected at the household level. Examples include the health effects of in-home piped water and household air quality. Because the exposure is measured at the household level, it is necessary to determine if participants remained in the same house throughout the course of follow-up. Methods. We used data from a pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage study in 8 rural Alaska villages [3 regions; average number of persons: 642 (min 210, max 720 per village) to quantify changes in household membership and individual movements from 2008 to 2010. We define a household as a group of individuals living in a home together. Because the same households participated in carriage surveys over several years, we could determine changes on an annual basis. We calculated the percentage of households with a ≥1 person change in household members from year to year. Additionally, we present the percentage of individuals that changed households during consecutive years. Results. In 3 regions of Alaska, the average household size was 5 persons. Between 2008 and 2009, 50% (250/497) of households had a change in their membership (≥1 person in-migrated or out-migrated). Fiftythree percent of households experienced some migration of their members between 2009 and 2010. A total of 27 and 15% of households had a change of ≥2 and ≥3 persons, respectively. The percentage of households with movement was similar among the 3 rural regions and varied from 42 to 63% between villages. At the individual level, an average of 11% of persons changed households between years. The group with the most movement between houses was persons 18-29 years of age (19%), and least movement was in 5-10 and 50-64 years of age (6%). There was no difference in movement by gender. Conclusions. In rural Alaska, 52% of households experienced movement of members between years and 11% of individuals change households. These are important demographic figures to consider when planning and designing studies that measure an epidemiological exposure at the household level. Power and sample size calculations should account for the loss to follow-up associated with in- and out-migration of individuals from households. Keywords: household; migration; intervention; crowding; rural; sample size; exposure; power (Published: 5 August 2013) This paper is part of Supplement 1, 2013, ICCH15 Proceedings . More papers from this Supplement can be found here . Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2013, 72 : 21229 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21229
The When, Where, and How of Novices in Craft Production

Archaeologists frequently underestimate the importance of children as well as craft skill acquisition in the formation of archaeological assemblages. Perhaps even more often they conflate the terms “novice” and “child” in ways that oversimplify the factors that are involved in incorporating new producers into craft production. In particular, the skill acquisition involved in stone tool production is influenced by a variety of factors, including danger, raw material value, raw material availability, and raw material recyclability, as well as a variety of social factors. This paper examines the influence of each of these factors and also suggests patterns useful in recognizing and distinguishing between novices and children in the archaeological record.
Differential sampling for Monte Carlo mammographic image simulation

Differential sampling allows Monte Carlo to calculate the derivatives of a response with respect to some problem parameter, simultaneous with the calculation of the response itself. Such derivatives can be then used to construct new responses due to changes in the parameter. This capability has been added to our Monte Carlo code which simulates digital images from mammography systems, using realistic pixel sizes. The differential sampling method and its application to the image simulation code are described. Using the derivatives of an image, an example problem dealing with the visibility of a tumor is used to demonstrate the power of differential sampling.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The accumulation of 210Pb at Summit, Greenland since 1855

Detailed (202 samples) profiles of total beta and 210 Pb activity were determined from a 32 m firn core collected at the GISP2 site (72°20′N, 38′45′W) near Summit, Greenland in 1989. The beta radioactivity profile verifies year by year dating based on recognition of annual hoar layers back to 1955, and lends a high degree of confidence to the 74 years age assigned to the bottom of the core by this stratigraphic dating technique. The decay corrected activity of 210 Pb at the time of deposition shows considerable short term variability, but no clear seasonal or annual periodicity. 210 Pb activity in surface snow at this site has averaged 0.7 pCi/kg -1 since 1927, but the period 1915-1927 is characterized by a steady decline from higher levels. The average annual accumulation of 210 Pb has markedly declined since at least 1870. Similar observations at Dye 3 suggest that 210 Pb accumulation has decreased throughout this century over much of the Greenland Ice Sheet. If the records of 210 Pb in the firn on the Greenland Ice Sheet are mainly reflecting the northern hemisphere atmospheric burden of 210 Pb, these results will demand careful reassessment of 210 Pb-based radiochronologies. However, our current lack of understanding of the linkages between atmospheric and snow chemistry makes the widespread applicability of these findings an open question. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1992.00007.x
Supervision for Social Change: A Feminist Ecological Perspective

This article explores how supervision can be set in a feminist ecological framework that supports social justice. We look at ways of practices of supervision beyond the clinical dyad into other activities. Examples of expanded supervision practices for social justice include supervision research, advising doctoral dissertations, and training supervisors. We suggest a broader definition that considers supervision as a means for connecting professional practice and social change.
Malaria vaccines for travelers.

Malaria is the most important infectious threat facing travelers to malaria-endemic areas of the tropics, if one considers both risk and potential severity. The problem is illustrated by the many travelers diagnosed with this protozoal infection after returning home from visits to malaria-endemic countries: in the USA, travelers account for 1000–1500 imported cases per year, resulting in 8 deaths in 2002; in Canada, 300–1000 cases per year; in Europe, roughly 8000, with the number of imported cases to France reaching 7500 in 2000; in Japan, 100–150 cases per year. These infections occur among tourists and business travelers, persons visiting countries of birth to see friends and family, members of government missions, employees of non-government organizations, missionaries, immigrants, refugees and military personnel, indicating that malaria is a potential risk for nearly every type of traveler. It has been a particularly serious problem for the military: for example, members of the armed forces returning to the Soviet Union following deployment to Afghanistan, a country where the risk is not particularly high, imported 7683 cases of P. vivax malaria during the 9-year military engagement in that country. Adding to malaria cases resulting from international travel are those resulting from within-country
Local Currency Proceeds of an Import Surplus

TOCAL currency proceeds ("counterpart funds") are the proceeds derived by a government or a central bank from (a) the sale of foreign goods or foreign exchange received as a gift, grant, or loan to the national authorities, or (b) the use of exchange reserves. Thus they are the financial counterpart of the import surplus so financed. When supplies are given by one country to another in order to assist in reconstruction or development after some major disturbance (such as a war), the recipient government may, quite appropriately, sell the supplies to its nationals in exchange for local currency, however improper it may seem at first sight that what has been received as a gift or grant should be sold. Presumably the donor country intends the gift or grant for the general benefit of the recipient country, not for particular individuals, and presumably the public has adequate funds in local currency with which to buy the goods. Indeed, if there is active or latent inflation in the recipient country, the public has more than enough money. The sale of the goods for local currency and the accrual of the proceeds to the government are simply means of distributing the goods among users and at the same time retaining the benefit of the gift for the nation as a whole. In the past, certain UNRRA and Lend-Lease supplies (especially food) have been disposed of in this way, and the same is now being done with the supplies provided under the European Recovery Program. The situation is unchanged in all essentials if, instead of selling the goods, the government uses them directly for its own purposes-for example, food and clothing for the armed forces (as in Lend-Lease), hydroelectric machinery for installation in public power projects, or rolling stock for a government-owned railway. In effect, gifts so used relieve the government of the necessity of making equivalent purchases, so that the gain appears in the first instance as a reduction in outlay rather than as an additional receipt. Sound accounting practice, nevertheless, requires that the transaction be recorded as a receipt of the gift and an equal expenditure for the armed forces, public works, railways, or whatever service was involved. The recorded receipt would be equivalent in all respects to the local currency proceeds of the sale of goods to the public, though it would be
On Helmholtz and higher-order resonance of twin floating bodies

The Helmholtz mode and other symmetric modes of resonance of a moonpool between two heaving rectangular floating cylinders are investigated. The hydrodynamic behavior around these resonant modes is examined together with the associated mode shapes in the moonpool region. It is observed that near each of the resonance frequencies, the damping coefficient can vanish. The Helmholtz mode is characterized by a region of modest variation of added-mass value from negative to positive near the Helmholtz frequency. The peaks are, however, bounded with the cross-over point in sign corresponding to a bounded spike in damping. The higher-order resonant modes are characterized by the presence of standing waves in the moonpool, which leads to large spikes in the hydrodynamic behavior near the resonance frequencies. The Helmholtz frequency has a distinct value, while the higher-order resonances occur at fairly regular intervals of the frequency parameter, σ2(w − b)/g, where w − b is the moonpool gap. The parametric dependence of the hydrodynamic behavior on frequency and geometry is discussed. With best wishes to my colleague and good friend, Nick Newman, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. A leader and staunch supporter of marine hydrodynamics, Nick has expanded the reach and influence of this field through his insights and publications. His contributions have been wide-ranged and his graciousness to young researchers is exemplary. May he enjoy the best of health in the years to come. R.W. Yeung
Bidirectional tapered roller thrust bearing for gas turbine engines

The paper discusses a single row, bidirectional tapered roller thrust bearing, which was developed to take advantage of increased life potential and to obtain improved performance by eliminating the thrust balance mechanism in advanced gas turbine engines. This bearing will take the full range of forward thrust without thrust balance and, in addition, will take thrust in the reverse direction caused by compressor surge. The higher load capacity of a tapered roller bearing offers improved reliability over a ball bearing. To verify this concept, a tapered roller bearing was designed, manufactured, and tested at speeds up to 24,000 rpm (2.64 million DN), at loads up to 66.7 kN (15,000 Ibf) in the major thrust direction, and for reverse thrust up to 8.9 kN (2000 Ibf) at 20,000 rpm. Bearing reliability was tested up to 10 times the calculated L10 fatigue. The bearing performed successfully in all phases of testing and proved the concept of reverse thrust load on a high-speed tapered roller bearing. The feasibility of a tapered roller bearing on a gas turbine engine mainshaft was demonstrated both for high speed as well as heavy load.
Growth Opportunities and Technology Shocks

We propose a theoretically motivated procedure for measuring heterogeneity in firms’ growth opportunities and document its empirical properties. The term “growth opportunities” refers to the component of a firm’s market value that cannot be attributed to its assets in place. This decomposition of firm value underpins many of the theoretical models describing cross-sectional differences in firms’ investment and stock return behavior. However, successful applications of such models depend on the quality of empirical measures of growth opportunities. Our procedure identifies economically significant differences in firms’ growth opportunities which are not captured by the commonly used empirical measures. We base our approach on a theoretical model incorporating investment specific productivity shocks and heterogenous firms. Productivity shocks in the capital goods sector account for a significant fraction of observed growth variability, according to the literature on the real determinants of economic growth (Jeremy Greenwood, Zvi Hercowitz and Per Krusell 1997, Jonas D. M. Fisher 2006). Greenwood, Hercowitz and Krusell (1997) show that, empirically, investment specific shocks are negatively correlated with aggregate investment, both at business cycle and lower frequencies. Our model predicts that the sensitivity of firm stock returns to investment specific productivity shocks (z-shocks) is greater for firms that derive Growth Opportunities and Technology Shocks
Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Objective To assess the effect of a meditation training program, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), on depressive symptoms, psychological status, and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a randomized, waitlist-controlled pilot study. Methods Participants were randomized to either an MBSR group, where they attended an 8-week course and 4-month maintenance program, or to a waitlist control group, where they attended all assessment visits and received MBSR free of charge after study end. Participants received usual care from their rheumatologists throughout the trial. Self-report questionnaires were used to evaluate depressive symptoms, psychological distress, well-being, and mindfulness. Evaluation of RA disease activity (by Disease Activity Score in 28 joints) included examination by a physician masked to treatment status. Adjusted means and mean changes in outcomes were estimated in mixed model repeated measures analyses. Results Sixty-three participants were randomized: 31 to MBSR and 32 to control. At 2 months, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in any outcomes. At 6 months, there was significant improvement in psychological distress and well-being (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively), and marginally significant improvement in depressive symptoms and mindfulness (P = 0.08 and P = 0.09, respectively). There was a 35% reduction in psychological distress among those treated. The intervention had no impact on RA disease activity. Conclusion An 8-week MBSR class was not associated with change in depressive symptoms or other outcomes at 2-month followup. Significant improvements in psychological distress and well-being were observed following MBSR plus a 4-month program of continued reinforcement. Mindfulness meditation may complement medical disease management by improving psychological distress and strengthening well-being in patients with RA.
Emancipating the Female Sex: The Struggle for Women's Rights in Brazil, 1850–1940

Emancipating the Female Sex: The Struggle for Women's Rights in Brazil, 1850-1940. June E. Hahner. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. xvii + 301 pp., illustrations, appendices, notes, bibliography. $16.95 (paper). ISBN 0-8223-1069-4.
Rotational dynamics of vortices in confined Bose-Einstein condensates

We derive the frequency of precession and conditions for stability for a quantized vortex in a single-component and a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. The frequency of precession is proportional to the gradient of the free energy with respect to displacement of the vortex core. In a two-component system, it is possible to achieve a local minimum in the free energy at the center of the trap. The presence of such a minimum implies the existence of a region of energetic stability where the vortex cannot escape and where one may be able to generate a persistent current.
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT BY STRESS EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH ANOMALOUS AORTIC ORIGIN OF A CORONARY ARTERY: EXPERIENCE OVER 17 YEARS

Anomalous aortic origin of coronary arteries (AAOCA) is the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes and remains a challenging diagnosis with variable clinical and surgical approaches to management. We sought to review our 17-year institutional experience with functional
Effect of prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue on canine renal function, hemodynamics and renin release.

Abstract We studied the effect of a stable, cyclic ether analogue of prostaglandin endoperoxide (EPA) on canine renal function, hemodynamics, and renin release. Infusion of EPA into one renal artery decreased renal blood flow in a dose dependent manner. At a dose of 10 −7 g/kg/min the renal blood flow decreased from a baseline of 384 to 267 ml/min/100 g. This flow decrease was unaltered by phentolamine and saralasin, but was potentiated by prior treatment with indomethacin. Urine flow, glomerular filtration rate, sodium, and potassium excretion all decreased in a dose dependent manner; however, neither fractional excretion of sodium nor free water clearance showed any significant change, making direct tubular effects of EPA unlikely. EPA caused a significant increase in renin release that was completely blocked by prior treatment with indomethacin. We conclude that EPA is a potent renal vasoconstriction and that this vasoconstrictor is responsible for the renal functional changes observed. Renin release is not a direct effect of EPA but probably is secondary to an endogenously generated prostaglandin. Since EPA mimics the effects of natural prostaglandin endoperoxides on smooth muscle in vitro, it is possible that prostaglandin endoperoxide-induced vasoconstriction in vivo modulates the effects of their vasodilatory products, prostaglandin E 2 and I 2 .
The moderating influence of brand status and source confirmation on third-party endorsement effects in advertising

Two studies were conducted to examine the effect that perceived brand status has on consumers’responses to source confirmation of third-party advertising endorsements. In Study 1, a 2 (ad exposure with opportunity to confirm the source of the endorsement vs ad exposure with no opportunity to confirm) by 2 (topdog brand vs underdog brand) factorial design was used to examine hypothesised effects on message believability and brand attitude. Results indicated that, for underdog brands, augmenting advertising strategies with publicity pieces (source confirmation) is an effective approach in enhancing advertising message believability and producing more favourable brand attitudes. On the other hand, this ad strategy was not shown to have similar added benefits for the topdog brand. Study 2 further examined these interactive effects, finding that, in an underdog brand condition, individuals reported higher levels of involvement with a publicity piece than with an advertisement. An opposite effect (i.e. greater ...
Characterising the microstructure of random media using ultrasound.

This paper describes a technique of forming images of the average size and scattering strength of scatterers in a random medium using ultrasound. Quantitative ultra- sound images provide a more direct interpretation of the underlying structure of the medium, e.g. size, shape, number and elastic properties of scatterers, and increased detecta- bility for regions of varying structure. A signal-to-noise analysis was used to show quantita- tively how properties of the imaging system influence low-contrast detectability in quantita- tive ultrasound images. In one experiment, signal-to-noise measurements using phantoms were compared with B-mode imaging for several transducer bandwidths to observe vari- ations in image contrast and speckle noise. The findings are being used to optimise the design of quantitative imaging systems for specific diagnostic tasks.
The Cell Surface Proteoglycan Syndecan-1 Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Binding and Activity

Binding of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) to receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs) and signaling is facilitated by binding of FGF to heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). There are multiple families of HSPGs, including extracellular and cell surface forms. An important and potentially controversial question is whether cell surface forms of HSPGs act as positive or negative regulators of FGF signaling. This study examines the ability of the cell surface HSPG syndecan-1 to regulate FGF binding and signaling. HSPG-deficient Raji lymphoma cells, expressing a transfected syndecan-1 cDNA (Raji S1 cells), were used as HSPG "donor" cells. BaF3 cells, expressing an FGFR1 cDNA (FR1C-11 cells), were used as FGFR "reporter" cells. Using Raji S1 cells preincubated with FGF, it was found that they formed heterotypic aggregates with FR1C-11 cells in the presence of FGF-2, but not FGF-1. In addition, the FR1C-11 cells demonstrated FGF-2, but not FGF-1, dependent survival when cultured on fixed Raji S1 cells. Thus, Raji syndecan-1 1) differentially regulates the binding and signaling of FGFs 1 and 2 and 2) acts as a positive regulator of FGF-2 signaling.
Copper-doped inverted core/shell nanocrystals with "permanent" optically active holes.

We have developed a new class of colloidal nanocrystals composed of Cu-doped ZnSe cores overcoated with CdSe shells. Via spectroscopic and magneto-optical studies, we conclusively demonstrate that Cu impurities represent paramagnetic +2 species and serve as a source of permanent optically active holes. This implies that the Fermi level is located below the Cu2+/Cu1+ state, that is, in the lower half of the forbidden gap, which is a signature of a p-doped material. It further suggests that the activation of optical emission due to the Cu level requires injection of only an electron without a need for a valence-band hole. This peculiar electron-only emission mechanism is confirmed by experiments in which the titration of the nanocrystals with hole-withdrawing molecules leads to enhancement of Cu-related photoluminescence while simultaneously suppressing the intrinsic, band-edge exciton emission. In addition to containing permanent optically active holes, these newly developed materials show unprecedented em...
Carbonate dissolution and abyssal hydrography in the Atlantic Ocean

Abstract Surface sediment samples from two regions in the eastern Atlantic (Angola Basin and Cape Verde Basin) and two regions in the western Atlantic (Brazil Basin and Vema Channel) were examined to evaluate the relationship among carbonate dissolution, abyssal hydrography and carbonate chemistry of the water column. At each of these locations the position of the lysocline was determined, carbonate saturation (1-Ω) was calculated and major deep-water mass boundaries were identified. As previously observed, the correlation among these variables is strikingly different between the eastern and western Atlantic. In the Vema Channel and the Brazil Basin, there is a first order correlation among the position of the lysocline, the benthic thermocline (AABW/NADW boundary) and the transition from saturation to undersaturation with respect to carbonate. This relationship breaks down in the eastern Atlantic, where there is no noticeable benthic thermocline and the lysocline occurs significantly deeper than the saturation/undersaturation transition.
Developments in StereoJet technology

We describe here advances in the development of the StereoJet process, which provides stereoscopic hardcopy comprising paired back-to-back digital images produced by inkjet printing. The polarizing images are viewed with conventional 3D glasses. Image quality has benefitted greatly from advances in inkjet printing technology. Recent innovations include simplified antighosting procedures; precision pin registration; and production of large format display images. Applications include stills from stereoscopic motion pictures, molecule modeling, stereo microscopy, medical imaging, CAD imaging, computer-generated art, and pictorial stereo photography. Accelerated aging test indicate longevity of StereoJet images in the range 35- 100 years. The commercial introduction of custom StereoJet through licensed service bureaus was initiated in 1999.
ADVERTISEMENT-CALL PREFERENCES IN DIPLOID-TETRAPLOID TREEFROGS (HYLA CHRYSOSCELIS AND HYLA VERSICOLOR): IMPLICATIONS FOR MATE CHOICE AND THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Signals used for mate choice and receiver preferences are often assumed to coevolve in a lock-step fashion. However, sender-receiver coevolution can also be nonparallel: even if species differences in signals are mainly quantitative, females of some closely related species have qualitatively different preferences and underlying mechanisms. Two-alternative playback experiments using synthetic calls that differed in fine-scale temporal properties identified the receiver criteria in females of the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis for comparison with female criteria in a cryptic tetraploid species (H. versicolor); detailed preference functions were also generated for both species based on natural patterns of variation in temporal properties. The species were similar in three respects: (1) pulses of constant frequency were as attractive as the frequency-modulated pulses typical of conspecific calls; (2) changes in preferences with temperature paralleled temperature-dependent changes in male calls; and (3) preference functions were unimodal, with weakly defined peaks estimated at values slightly higher than the estimated means in conspecific calls. There were also species differences: (1) preference function slopes were steeper in H. chrysoscelis than in H. versicolor; (2) preferences were more intensity independent in H. chrysoscelis than in H. versicolor; (3) a synergistic effect of differences in pulse rate and shape on preference strength occurred in H. versicolor but not in H. chrysoscelis; and (4) a preference for the pulse shape typical of conspecific calls was expressed at the species-typical pulse duration in H. versicolor but not in H. chrysoscelis. However, females of H. chrysoscelis did express a preference based on pulse shape when tested with longer-than-average pulses, suggesting a hypothesis that could account for some examples of nonparallel coevolution. Namely, preferences can be hidden or revealed depending on the direction of quantitative change in a signal property relative to the threshold for resolving differences in that property. The results of the experiments reported here also predict patterns of mate choice within and between contemporary populations. First, intraspecific mate choice in both species is expected to be strongly influenced by variation in temperature among calling males. Second, simultaneous differences in pulse rate and pulse shape are required for effective species discrimination by females of H. versicolor but not by females of H. chrysoscelis. Third, there is greater potential for sexual selection within populations and for discrimination against calls produced by males in other geographically remote populations in H. chrysoscelis than in H. versicolor.
Photochemically driven shape changes of crystalline organic nanorods.

Nanorods composed of 9-tert-butylanthroate (9-TBAE) are synthesized using an Al2O3 template and solvent annealing. The rods consist of micron-scale crystalline domains, and UV light induces a [4 + 4] photodimerization that results in a uniform 15% expansion along the rod axis. This is in contrast to random 9-TBAE crystals, which disintegrate under the same conditions. Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and comparison of the X-ray crystal structures of the monomer and photodimer all provide evidence for a mechanism based on a crystal-to-crystal photoreaction leading to an increase in molecular volume. It is likely that the high surface-to-volume ratio in the nanorods provides a strain relief pathway that is absent in larger crystals. Preliminary attempts to reverse the reaction using shorter wavelength light to photodissociate the dimers were only partly successful. These results suggest that crystalline organic nanostructures may provide an efficient way to transform photochemical ...
Electrochemical behaviour of indium in H2SO4

The kinetics of the electrodissolution of indium and the hydrogen evolution on indium in H2SO4 of various pH values have been investigated. For electrodissolution, Tafel slopes of 22 mV per decade and a reaction order of 1 with respect to OH− have been obtained. For hydrogen evolution, Tafel slopes were 20 mV per decade; the reaction was first order with respect to H+. An electrodissolution mechanism based on three consecutive one-electron transfer steps with the last electron transfer step rate-determining is consistent with the experimental results.
A dynamic programming algorithm for preemptive scheduling of a single machine to minimize the number of late jobs

The scheduling problem 1|pmtn, r j|Σw jU j calls forn jobs with arbitrary release dates and due dates to be preemptively scheduled for processing by a single machine, with the objective of minimizing the sum of the weights of the late jobs. A dynamic programming algorithm for this problem is described. Time and space bounds for the algorithm are, respectively,O(nk 2W 2) andO(k 2W), wherek is the number of distinct release dates andW is the sum of the integer job weights. Thus, for the problem 1|pmtn, r j|ΣU j, in which the objective is simply to minimize the number of late jobs, the pseudopolynomial time bound becomes polynomial, i.e.O(n 3k 2).
Quasi-molecular, particle modeling of crack generation and fracture

Abstract In this paper a particle type approach is developed for the simulation of crack generation and fracture. The major objective is to develop a new modeling approach which will allow experiments in fracture phenomena directly on a digital computer. Rectangular plates are modeled as particle aggregates and then stressed by using molecular type formulas. Computer examples are described and discussed which relate to customary wedge and punched hole phenomena.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Pleural Fluid

Study objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of the pleural fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level with the diagnostic category and with the pleural fluid characteristics in a group of 70 patients. Design The VEGF levels of consecutive patients undergoing therapeutic thoracentesis were determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Setting University-affiliated tertiary care center. Results The median level of pleural fluid VEGF in the patients with congestive heart failure (150 pg/mL) was significantly (p Conclusions We conclude that the VEGF levels in pleural fluid differ significantly from one diagnostic category to another with the highest median levels occurring in patients with malignant pleural effusions. We speculate that VEGF may be responsible for the pleural fluid accumulation in at least some situations.
The Influence of Flooring on Subjective Standing Comfort and Fatigue

Ten subjects participated in the study to investigate the flooring effect on subjective tiredness and fatigue due to long-term standing. Subjects stood for four hours on each of the seven flooring conditions. During the 3rd and 4th hour, the floor type had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on a number of subjective ratings including lower leg and lower back discomfort. The hard floor and another flooring condition were consistently ranked the worst when these measures were considered. Finally, floor mats characterized by an increased elasticity, decreased energy absorption and increased stiffness were significantly more efficient in reducing fatigue.
Assessing Children's Exposures and Risks to Drinking Water Contaminants: A Manganese Case Study

ABSTRACT Background: Compared to adults, children maybe more highly exposed to toxic substances in drinking water because they consume more water per unit of body weight. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed new guidance for selecting age groups and age-specific exposure factors for assessing children's exposures and risks to environmental contaminants. Research Aim: To demonstrate the application and importance of applying age-specific drinking water intake rates, health reference values, and exposure scenarios when assessing drinking water exposures because these approaches illustrate the potential for greater potential for adverse health effects among children. Methods: manganese, an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, was selected as a case study and chemical of potential concern for children's health. A screening-level risk assessment was performed using age-specific drinking water intake rates and manganese concentrations from U.S. public drinking water systems. Results: ...
Con?ict-Avoidance in Multicore Caching for Data-Similar Executions

Power density constraints have affected the scaling of clock speed in processors, but following Moore's law we have entered the multicore domain and we are about to step in the era of manycores. Harnessing the full potential of large number of cores is a challenging problem as shared on-chip resources such as memory subsystem, interconnect networks become the bottlenecks. One easy and popular way of utilizing parallelism in large scale systems is by running multiple instances of the same application as we observe in many domains such as verification, security etc. and we term it as "multiexecution." This model of computation will probably become more popular as the number of cores in a processor grows. We identify that leveraging the similarity in data across the instances of an application by dynamically merging identical data in a cache can reduce the off-chip traffic and thereby, lead to faster execution. However, dissimilarities in content increase the competition for cache lines as well. In this paper we explore the design space of hybrid mergeable cache architecture that places dissimilar data blocks in a conventional cache and thereby, enables us to exploit data similarity more efficiently by reducing the conflicts. We experiment with benchmarks from various multi-execution domain and show that our hybrid mergeable cache design leads to an average of 9.5% additional speedup over Mergeable cache while running 8 copies of an application, with an overhead of less than 1.34% in area.
Studies on the subunit structure of thermostable glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Abstract Sedimentation equilibrium studies of the thermophilic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12) in 5.0 m guanidine-HCl showed that the enzyme is dissociated into monodisperse subunits having a molecular weight of 36, 000 ± 1,200. Based on the molecular weight of the undissociated enzyme, it is concluded that it exists as a tetramer in the native state. C-terminal amino acid analyses revealed a single-type amino acid, leucine, suggesting identical subunits. In kinetic studies, the thermophilic enzyme showed marked resistance to enzymic inactivation by 8.0 m urea at mesophilic temperatures, but is rapidly inactivated in this solvent at thermophilic temperatures; some reversibility is detectable at all temperatures. However, in guanidine-HCl, the thermophilic enzyme is rapidly and irreversibly inactivated at all temperatures studied. Optical rotatory dispersion studies showed that the thermophilic enzyme is extensively unfolded in these denaturing solvents at 30 ° and above. In contrast, heating the enzyme in water resulted in an alteration in secondary structure that was concomitant with an increase in enzymic activity. The possible mechanism of inactivation by urea and guanidine-HCl is discussed.
Relationships between Fine Sediment and Brook Trout Recruitment in Forested Headwater Streams

ABSTRACT We examined the influence and relative importance of fine sediment on wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations in a forested watershed. Brook trout spawning substrate was generally comprised of 75% particles < 32 mm, with approximately 27% < 4.0 mm. Brook trout production was inversely proportional to substrate permeability in one of two years, suggesting substrate composition was influential in regulating recruitment. In that year, age-0 brook trout abundance was negatively influenced by the amount of fine sediment < 0.063 mm. We identified that for brook trout the critical fine sediment size influencing recruitment as between 0.063 and 1.0 mm. The lack of a relationship between age-0 brook trout recruitment and abundance in a second year was thought to be the consequence of severe drought causing fine sediment levels to exceed 1% < 0.063 mm in spawning substrate in all streams. Habitat variables were not related to age-0 brook trout abundance or biomass suggesting that under normal ...
Pinned Scroll Rings in an Excitable System

Three-dimensional spiral waves in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction are pinned to unexcitable heterogeneities. This pinning can prevent the collapse of scroll rings even if the heterogeneity does not extend along the entire wave filament. In the latter case, frequency differences create stationary gradients in the rotation phase. These twist patterns and their frequencies agree with algebraic solutions of the forced Burgers equation revealing insights into the phase coupling of scroll waves.
gem5-gpu: A Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Simulator

gem5-gpu is a new simulator that models tightly integrated CPU-GPU systems. It builds on gem5, a modular full-system CPU simulator, and GPGPU-Sim, a detailed GPGPU simulator. gem5-gpu routes most memory accesses through Ruby, which is a highly configurable memory system in gem5. By doing this, it is able to simulate many system configurations, ranging from a system with coherent caches and a single virtual address space across the CPU and GPU to a system that maintains separate GPU and CPU physical address spaces. gem5-gpu can run most unmodified CUDA 3.2 source code. Applications can launch non-blocking kernels, allowing the CPU and GPU to execute simultaneously. We present gem5-gpu ’s software architecture and a brief performance validation. We also discuss possible extensions to the simulator. gem5-gpu is open source and available at gem5-gpu.cs.wisc.edu.
Multidimensional data mining of traffic anomalies on large-scale road networks

The identification and characterization of traffic anomalies on massive road networks is a vital component of traffic monitoring and control. Anomaly identification can be used to reduce congestion, increase safety, and provide transportation engineers with better information for traffic forecasting and road network design. However, because of the size, complexity, and dynamics of transportation networks, automating such a process is challenging. A multidimensional mining framework is proposed; it can be used to identify a concise set of anomalies from massive traffic monitoring data and then overlay, contrast, and explore such anomalies in multidimensional space. The framework is based on the development of two novel methods: (1) efficient anomaly mining stemming from the discovery of the atypical fragment (a compact representation of a set of abnormal traffic patterns happening across a sequence of connected road segments, possibly spanning multiple roads, and occurring at overlapping time intervals) an...
An Annotated List of Caddisflies (Trichoptera) Collected in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. during 2011 – 2013

Distribution records for caddisflies (Trichoptera) collected during the summers of 2011–2013 in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. are presented. Fourteen families, 34 genera, and 59 species are listed, based on adult, pupal and larval records. Exceptional species records are noted and brief comments are given.
Has focused denudation sustained active thrusting at the Himalayan topographic front

The geomorphic character of major river drainages in the Himalayan foothills of central Nepal suggests the existence of a discrete, west-northwest‐trending break in rock uplift rates that does not correspond to previously mapped faults. The 40 Ar/ 39 Ar thermochronologic data from detrital muscovites with provenance from both sides of the discontinuity indicate that this geomorphic break also corresponds to a major discontinuity in cooling ages: samples to the south are Proterozoic to Paleozoic, whereas those to the north are Miocene and younger. Combined, these observations virtually require recent (Pliocene‐ Holocene) motion on a thrust-sense shear zone in the central Nepal Himalaya, ;20‐30 km south of the Main Central thrust. Field observations are consistent with motion on a broad shear zone subparallel to the fabric of the Lesser Himalayan lithotectonic sequence. The results suggest that motion on thrusts in the toe of the Himalayan wedge may be synchronous with deeper exhumation on more hinterland structures in central Nepal. We speculate that this continued exhumation in the hinterland may be related to intense, sustained erosion driven by focused orographic precipitation at the foot of the High Himalaya.