cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical Reflectance Measurements for Commonly Used Reflectors

When simulating light collection in scintillators, modeling the angular distribution of optical light reflectance from surfaces is very important. Since light reflectance is poorly understood, either purely specular or purely diffuse reflectance is generally assumed. In this paper we measure the optical reflectance distribution for eleven commonly used reflectors. A 440 nm, output power stabilized, un-polarized laser is shone onto a reflector at a fixed angle of incidence. The reflected light's angular distribution is measured by an array of silicon photodiodes. The photodiodes are movable to cover 2pi of solid angle. The light-induced current is, through a multiplexer, read out with a digital multimeter. A LabVIEW program controls the motion of the laser and the photodiode array, the multiplexer, and the data collection. The laser can be positioned at any angle with a position accuracy of 10 arc minutes. Each photodiode subtends 6.3deg, and the photodiode array can be positioned at any angle with up to 10 arc minute angular resolution. The dynamic range for the current measurements is 10 5:1. The measured light reflectance distribution was measured to be specular for several ESR films as well as for aluminum foil, mostly diffuse for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape and titanium dioxide paint, and neither specular nor diffuse for Lumirrorreg, Melinexreg and Tyvekreg. Instead, a more complicated light distribution was measured for these three materials.
The role of CO2 and central chemoreception in the control of breathing in the fetus and the neonate

Abstract Central chemoreception is active early in development and likely drives fetal breathing movements, which are influenced by a combination of behavioral state and powerful inhibition. In the premature human infant and newborn rat ventilation increases in response to CO 2 ; in the rat the sensitivity of the response increases steadily after ∼P12. The premature human infant is more vulnerable to instability than the newborn rat and exhibits periodic breathing that is augmented by hypoxia and eliminated by breathing oxygen or CO 2 or the administration of respiratory stimulants. The sites of central chemoreception active in the fetus are not known, but may involve the parafacial respiratory group which may be a precursor to the adult RTN. The fetal and neonatal rat brainstem-spinal-cord preparations promise to provide important information about central chemoreception in the developing rodent and will increase our understanding of important clinical problems, including The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, and periodic breathing and apnea of prematurity.
Conceptual model for comparative ecological risk assessment of wildfire effects on fish, with and without hazardous fuel treatment §

Wildfire poses risks to fish and wildlife habitat, among other things. Management projects to reduce the severity of wildfire effects by implementing hazardous fuel reduction treatments also pose risks. How can land managers determine which risk is greater? Comparison of risks and benefits from fuel treatment projects to risks from severe wildfire effects is consistent with policies requiring public land managers to analyze short- and long-term environmental effects. However, formulating the problem as a comparison of temporal considerations often results in decisions to reject fuels treatment projects near imperiled species habitat, even though the adverse effects of short-term project actions may result in substantial long-term net benefits from reducing the severity of wildfire effects. Consistent with widely accepted ecological risk assessment methods, the problem is formulated in a conceptual model. Salmonid fish populations are the risk assessment endpoint, and one stressor adversely affecting them is sediment from wildfire or logging. The model compares short-term effects of implementing fuels reduction treatments to longer-term wildfire effects with and without fuel treatments, including risk reduction benefits. Used quantitatively or qualitatively, the model may contribute to sustainable resource management decisions by improving communication among stakeholders, risk managers in land and resource management agencies, and risk assessors in agencies responsible for enforcing the Endangered Species Act.
The Influence of Discrimination Training on Pronunciation

quences which will provide additional exposure and drill in problem areas of a language. An example of this is a recently produced sequence devoted to the use of honorifics in Japanese.42 It appears that the subjunctive in the Romance languages, the modals in German or English, would constitute equally apt subjects. The School of Language Studies of the State Department as we have pointed out, now includes an introductory programmed segment in its regular intensive course for Spanish and other languages. It may well be that it is precisely in areas other tha that of c nversational interaction, where it appears impossible to find a substitute for the human t ach r, that programmed instruction has the richest potential. Its surface has barely been scratched, including as it does, such possibilities as remedial and diagnostic sequences, supplementary drills and exercises, tourist and military type short courses, and eve entire reading courses-a field which has been too little explored.
EFFECT OF SEX AND GONADOTROPIC HORMONES UPON THE BLOOD PICTURE OF THE RAT

THE ANEMIA FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY in rats now seems to be well established (1, 2, 3). Reticulopenia (4, 5) and bone marrow hypoplasia (6, 3) have also been noted in hypophysectomized rats. Conversely, it has been found possible to produce reticulocytosis and polycythemia in normal and hypophysec tomised rats by means of treatment with anterior pituitary extracts (7, 8). Those interested in the problem apparently agree that anterior pituitary substances in some way stimulate erythrocyte formation in the bone marrow. The manner in which such stimulation is produced is as yet unknown. Flaks and his coworkers (7, 8), without critical evidence, have attributed it to a special fraction or ‘hemotropic hormone’ such as Moehlig and Bates (9) had postulated upon the basis of clinical evidence. This idea has been tentatively accepted by Overbeek and Querido (6).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE TRAINING AND CHANGES IN BIOMARKERS OF MYOCARDIAL STRESS, INJURY AND INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Elevations in NTproBNP, hsCRP, and cTnT are associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with chronic HF. The effect of exercise training on these markers and the association of changes in biomarkers with outcomes has not been well studied. NTproBNP, hsCRP, and cTnT levels were
Does mating behaviour affect connectivity in marine fishes? Comparative population genetics of two protogynous groupers (Family Serranidae)

Pelagic larval duration (PLD) has been hypothesized to be the primary predictor of connectivity in marine fishes; however, few studies have examined the effects that adult reproductive behaviour may have on realized dispersal. We assessed gene flow (connectivity) by documenting variation in microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences in two protogynous species of groupers, the aggregate spawning red hind, Epinephelus guttatus, and the single-male, harem-spawning coney, Cephalopholis fulva, to ask whether reproductive strategy affects connectivity. Samples of both species were obtained from waters off three islands (Puerto Rico, St. Thomas and St. Croix) in the Caribbean Sea. Despite the notion that aggregate spawning of red hind may facilitate larval retention, stronger signals of population structure were detected in the haremspawning coney. Heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers, based on microsatellites, involved St. Croix (red hind and coney) and the west coast of Puerto Rico (coney). Heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers, based on mitochondrial DNA, involved St. Croix (coney only). Genetic divergence in both species was stronger for microsatellites than for mitochondrial DNA, suggesting sex-biased dispersal in both species. Longterm migration rates, based on microsatellites, indicated asymmetric gene flow for both species in the same direction as mean surface currents in the region. Red hind had higher levels of variation in microsatellites and lower levels of variation in mitochondrial DNA. Long-term effective size and effective number of breeders were greater for red hind; estimates of hf, a proxy for long-term effective female size, were the same in both species. Patterns of gene flow in both species appear to stem in part from shared aspects of larval and adult biology, local bathymetry and surface current patterns. Differences in connectivity and levels of genetic variation between the species, however, likely stem from differences in behaviour related to reproductive strategy.
Dynamic measurement of complex impedance in real-time for smart handset applications

The evolution of the mobile handset in support of 4G technology requirements continues to introduce significant challenges. Tunable systems promise improvements in performance and flexibility with the potential to relax limitations currently imposed on traditional RF components. This paper introduces techniques based on tuneablity enabling the handset knowledge in real-time of the complex impedance at any stage of its RF front-end. The method is presented through simulations and measurements.
Identifying quality improvement opportunities in a universal newborn hearing screening program.

Background And Objectives: Hospital-based universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programs are encouraged to maintain quality assurance protocols, but many hospitals lack the time and resources to initiate this process. We studied a practical approach to measuring baseline quality indicators and identifying improvement opportunities in UNHS programs. Methods: We determined screening processes and quality indicators for UNHS programs at 4 hospitals through site visits and a 2-year retrospective review of nursery and audiology records. Nurses, audiologists, and otolaryngologists met for feedback of hospital-specific quality indicators. The sessions identified improvement opportunities and proposed system changes for immediate implementation. Results: Hospitals screened 21 957 newborns for hearing loss. Screening rates were >99% at all hospitals. Rates of referral and diagnostic testing varied significantly between hospitals. Low referral rates prompted 2 hospitals to adjust screening processes to reduce potential false-negative screening results. Two other hospitals addressed poor diagnostic follow-up by changing the referral process to include additional family contact information. Hospitals also increased referrals to Early Intervention Child Find services on the basis of our finding that these referrals increased the likelihood of diagnostic follow-up fourfold. We could not fully assess indicators of hearing aid eligibility and enrollment in early intervention services due to insufficient documentation. Conclusions: Review of nursery and audiology records successfully established most quality indicators for the UNHS programs we studied. Feedback of quality indicators identified multiple improvement opportunities and facilitated endorsement of immediate system changes. This study demonstrates a practical and data-driven approach to quality improvement that can be used by any UNHS program.
Transcription factor regulation and chromosome dynamics during pseudohyphal growth

Pseudohyphal growth is a developmental pathway seen in some strains of yeast in which cells form multicellular filaments in response to environmental stresses. We used multiplexed transposon "Calling Cards" to record the genome-wide binding patterns of 28 transcription factors (TFs) in nitrogen-starved yeast. We identified TF targets relevant for pseudohyphal growth, producing a detailed map of its regulatory network. Using tools from graph theory, we identified 14 TFs that lie at the center of this network, including Flo8, Mss11, and Mfg1, which bind as a complex. Surprisingly, the DNA-binding preferences for these key TFs were unknown. Using Calling Card data, we predicted the in vivo DNA-binding motif for the Flo8-Mss11-Mfg1 complex and validated it using a reporter assay. We found that this complex binds several important targets, including FLO11, at both their promoter and termination sequences. We demonstrated that this binding pattern is the result of DNA looping, which regulates the transcription of these targets and is stabilized by an interaction with the nuclear pore complex. This looping provides yeast cells with a transcriptional mem- ory, enabling them more rapidly to execute the filamentous growth program when nitrogen starved if they had been previously exposed to this condition.
Scalable compositional minimization via static analysis

State-equivalence based reduction techniques, e.g. bisimulation minimization, can be used to reduce a state transition system to facilitate subsequent verification tasks. However, the complexity of computing the set of equivalent state pairs often exceeds that of performing symbolic property checking on the original system. We introduce a fully-automated efficient compositional minimization approach which requires only static analysis. Key to our approach is a heuristic algorithm that identifies components with high reduction potential in a bit-level netlist. We next inject combinational logic which restricts the component's inputs to selected representatives of symbolically-computed equivalence classes thereof. Finally, we use existing transformations to synergistically exploit the dramatic netlist reductions enabled by these input filters. Experiments confirm that our technique is able to efficiently yield substantial reductions on large industrial netlists.
Antiserum to angiotensin-binding protein inhibits vascular responses to angiotensin II.

This study characterizes inhibitory properties of an antiserum to an angiotensin-binding protein on vascular responses to angiotensin II. The antiserum was collected from guinea pigs that had been immunized with an angiotensin-binding protein that was isolated from a particulate fraction of rabbit liver. The bioassay system consisted of helically cut strips of rabbit renal artery suspended in organ chambers for measurement of isometric force development. After treatment with the antiserum (1:1,000–1:50 dilution), contractile responses to angiotensin II (10(-8) M) were reduced compared with those measured after treatment with nonimmune serum. At a dilution of 1:50, the magnitude of contractile responses to angiotensin II were approximately 40% of control values. This inhibitory action of the antiserum was similar to that induced by the angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin. Contractile responses to norepinephrine (5.9 x 10(-8) M) were not altered after incubation with the antiserum. These results indicate that the binding protein in hepatic cells may be similar in some respects to the membrane receptor mediating contractions to angiotensin II in rabbit renal arteries.
Metabolomics profiling in plasma samples from glioma patients correlates with tumor phenotypes

// Hua Zhao 1 , Amy B. Heimberger 2 , Zhimin Lu 3 , Xifeng Wu 1 , Tiffany R. Hodges 2 , Renduo Song 1 , Jie Shen 1 1 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2 Division of Neuro-Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 3 Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Correspondence to: Hua Zhao, e-mail: hzhao2@mdanderson.org Keywords: metabolomics, glioma, tumor phenotype Received: September 17, 2015 Accepted: February 13, 2016 Published: March 07, 2016 ABSTRACT Background: Tumor-based molecular biomarkers have redefined in the classification gliomas. However, the association of systemic metabolomics with glioma phenotype has not been explored yet. Methods: In this study, we conducted two-step (discovery and validation) metabolomic profiling in plasma samples from 87 glioma patients. The metabolomics data were tested for correlation with glioma grade (high vs low), glioblastoma (GBM) versus malignant gliomas, and IDH mutation status. Results: Five metabolites, namely uracil, arginine, lactate, cystamine, and ornithine, significantly differed between high- and low-grade glioma patients in both the discovery and validation cohorts. When the discovery and validation cohorts were combined, we identified 29 significant metabolites with 18 remaining significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Those 18 significant metabolites separated high- from low-grade glioma patients with 91.1% accuracy. In the pathway analysis, a total of 18 significantly metabolic pathways were identified. Similarly, we identified 2 and 6 metabolites that significantly differed between GBM and non-GBM, and IDH mutation positive and negative patients after multiple comparison adjusting. Those 6 significant metabolites separated IDH1 mutation positive from negative glioma patients with 94.4% accuracy. Three pathways were identified to be associated with IDH mutation status. Within arginine and proline metabolism, levels of intermediate metabolites in creatine pathway were all significantly lower in IDH mutation positive than in negative patients, suggesting an increased activity of creatine pathway in IDH mutation positive tumors. Conclusion: Our findings identified metabolites and metabolic pathways that differentiated tumor phenotypes. These may be useful as host biomarker candidates to further help glioma molecular classification.
Anesthesia for nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy

Approximately 50,000 pregnant women undergo nonobstetric surgery each year in the United States. Administering anesthesia during such surgery is one of the only situations in which anesthesia impacts on more than one individual (mother and fetus) at the same time. Providing a safe anesthetic to the pregnant woman requires an understanding of the physiologic changes of pregnancy and the impact of anesthesia and surgery on the developing fetus. The following review will consider the risks of the mother and to the fetus during nonobstetric surgery.
Comparison of the clinical results of three posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques: surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: Despite its technical complexity, arthroscopic tibial inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament has biomechanical advantages over transtibial procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of arthroscopic tibial inlay single-bundle and double-bundle techniques with those of the conventional transtibial single-bundle technique. METHODS: We evaluated twenty-nine patients treated with primary posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and followed for longer than two years. Eight patients were treated with a transtibial single-bundle procedure; eleven, with an arthroscopic inlay single-bundle procedure; and ten, with an arthroscopic inlay double-bundle procedure. An Achilles tendon allograft was used in all cases. Each patient was evaluated on the basis of the Lysholm knee score, the mean side-to-side difference in tibial translation as measured on Telos stress radiographs, and the side-to-side difference in the range of motion of the knee. RESULTS: The mean side-to-side difference (and standard deviation) in posterior tibial translation differed significantly between the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle group (3.6 ± 1.43 mm) and the transtibial single-bundle group (5.6 ± 2.0 mm) (p = 0.023), although there was no significant difference between the arthroscopic inlay single-bundle group (4.7 ± 1.62 mm) and the transtibial group (p = 0.374). The mean range of motion and Lysholm scores were similar among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its technical difficulty, the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle technique is our preferred method of reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament because it stabilizes posterior tibial translation better than do the other two methods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Comparison of the Clinical Results of Three Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques” (2009;91:2543-9).
A Discussion about Equations of Motion of Simplified Synchronous Machine Models

Some different expressions of motion equations of simplified synchronous machine model,which are widely used in power system simulation software for large-scale power system simulation,and the physical representation of damping coefficient in motion equations are introduced.The impact of different motion equations on power system dynamic stability is analyzed by simulations of a typical two-area power system.To improve the precision of large-scale power system simulation,the motion equations of simplified synchronous machine model suitable to power system dynamic stability analysis are suggested.
Blocking and deblocking strategy of single UHVDC converter group under joint control mode of dual 12-pulse converter groups

The blocking and deblocking strategy of single converter group under the joint control mode of dual 12-pulse converter groups is studied with PSCAD / EMTDC for UHVDC power transmission system. The sequential control and timing coordination of firing angle,ignition pulse,bypass switch,bypass pair and online controller parameter adjustment are analyzed. Simulative results show that,the deblocking of single converter group should adopt small firing angle under the joint control mode of dual 12-pulse converter groups and the rate limiter and value limiter should be added in series after the firing angle limiter is disabled to improve the dynamic performance of DC operating parameters during the deblocking;while during its blocking,the firing angle should be adjusted to 90° at a certain rate and the bypass pair should be put into operation to speed up the blocking process. Case studies show that the proposed strategy meets the requirements of UHVDC single converter group blocking and deblocking operations.
Social Responsible Research:The Ideas and Contributions of Thomas C.Reeves

Thomas C Reeves is one of the current leaders in the field of instructional technology.This article reviews his main academic ideas and practices guided by his persistent belief in social responsible research during the last thirty years.
Discrete somatic niches coordinate proliferation and migration of primordial germ cells via Wnt signaling

Inheritance depends on the expansion of a small number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the early embryo. Proliferation of mammalian PGCs is concurrent with their movement through changing microenvironments; however, mechanisms coordinating these conflicting processes remain unclear. Here, we find that PGC proliferation varies by location rather than embryonic age. Ror2 and Wnt5a mutants with mislocalized PGCs corroborate the microenvironmental regulation of the cell cycle, except in the hindgut, where Wnt5a is highly expressed. Molecular and genetic evidence suggests that Wnt5a acts via Ror2 to suppress β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling in PGCs and limit their proliferation in specific locations, which we validate by overactivating β-catenin in PGCs. Our results suggest that the balance between expansion and movement of migratory PGCs is fine-tuned in different niches by the opposing β-catenin-dependent and Ror2-mediated pathways through Wnt5a This could serve as a selective mechanism to favor early and efficient migrators with clonal dominance in the ensuing germ cell pool while penalizing stragglers.
Relative Efficacy of Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizers in Dryland Spring Wheat

The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 at three locations in North Central and Western Montana (total of 6 site-years) to evaluate the relative efficacy of three liquid nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN, 32-0-0), liquid urea (LU, 21-0-0), and High NRGN (HNRGN, 27-0-0-1S), in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In addition to at-seeding urea application at 90 kg N ha−1 to all treatments (except for the unfertilized check plot), the liquid fertilizers were applied utilizing an all-terrain vehicle- (ATV-) mounted stream-bar equipped sprayer at a rate of 45 kg N ha−1 at Feekes 5 growth stage (early tillering). Three dilution ratios of fertilizer to water were accessed: 100/0 (undiluted), 66/33, and 33/66. The effects of N source and the dilution ratio (fertilizer/water) on N uptake (NUp), N use efficiency (NUE), spring wheat grain yield (GY), grain protein (GP) content, and protein yield (PY) were assessed. The dilution ratios had no effect on GY, GP, PY, NUp, and NUE at any of the site-years in this study. Taking into account agronomic and economic factors, LU can be recommended as the most suitable liquid N fertilizer source for spring wheat cropping systems of the Northern Great Plains.
Feminist Psychologists and Institutional Change in Universities

In this essay, I will outline some of the ways that feminist and gender psychology research has been put to use in institutional change efforts in higher education, particularly in the context of NSF’s ADVANCE efforts at institutional transformation in science and engineering. I will show that both the conceptual tools and research in feminist and gender psychology have provided a theoretical and empirical foundation for many change efforts. Feminist psychologists have been able to enjoy a special standing in their home institutions, as experts with specialized knowledge of use in altering policies and practices to enhance faculty diversity.
Malagasy Conostigmus (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) and the secret of scutes

We revise the genus Conostigmus Dahlbom 1858 occurring in Madagascar, based on data from more specimens than were examined for the latest world revision of the genus. Our results yield new information about intraspecific variability and the nature of the atypical latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) observed in Ceraphronoidea. We also investigate cellular processes that underlie body size polyphenism, by utilizing the correspondence between epidermal cells and scutes, polygonal units of leather-like microsculpture. Our results reveal that body size polyphenism in Megaspilidae is most likely related to cell number and not cell size variation, and that cell size differs between epithelial fields of the head and that of the mesosoma. Three species, Conostigmus ballescoracas Dessart, 1997, C. babaiax Dessart, 1996 and C. longulus Dessart, 1997, are redescribed. Females of C. longulus are described for the first time, as are nine new species: C. bucephalus Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. clavatus Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. fianarantsoaensis Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. lucidus Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. macrocupula, Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. madagascariensis Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. missyhazenae Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., C. pseudobabaiax Miko and Trietsch sp. nov., and C. toliaraensis Miko and Trietsch sp. nov. A fully illustrated identification key for Malagasy Conostigmus species and a Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation of the taxonomic treatment, including specimen data, nomenclature, and phenotype descriptions, in both natural and formal languages, are provided.
Characterization and Novel Treatment for Therapy-Resistant Mantle Cell Lymphoma Isolated from Liver and Kidney

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is among the most aggressive B cell lymphomas with median patient survival of only 3–4 years. Although high dose therapies followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an option for therapy, it is difficult to successfully treat MCL until the therapeutic strategy is developed to target and eliminate the residual/relapsing tumors after existing chemotherapies. Therefore, characterization of these residual/relapsing tumor cells after chemotherapy as a basis for developing therapeutic strategy to target residual/relapsing MCL cells is essential. Accordingly, we have isolated the residual/relapsing tumor cells by transplanting the human MCL cell line, Granta519, into NOD-SCID mice followed by CHOP+Bortezomib chemotherapy. Isolated residual/relapsing tumor cells from liver and kidney characterized morphologically using microscopy, and immunophenotypically for CD45, CD19 and CD23 expression by flow-cytometry showed no differences. However these cells had a significantly higher growth rate and increased chemo-resistant potential in vitro as determined by MTT and 3[H]-thymidine incorporation assay compared to parental Granta cells. In addition, NOD-SCID mice transplanted with cells isolated from liver had significantly shorter survival compared to parental cells indicating a higher tumorigenic potential of relapsed tumor cells pre-exposed to chemotherapy. There was a higher frequency of side population (SP) cells in relapsed tumor cells compared to parental cells as determined by flow cytometry after Hoechst staining. In addition, there was an increased expression of transcripts associated with maintenance of stem cells, including GLI transcription factors, targets of hedgehog signaling, as determined by microarray and confirmation by real time PCR, suggesting that increased stem cell-like cells in the relapsing tumors may be responsible for the chemo-resistance and increased tumorigenic potential. However, these residual/relapsing cells were susceptible to in vitro generated MCL-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against parental cells. We have demonstrated the potential of inhibition of GLI to render the MCL cells sensitive to chemotherapy (Hegde et al., Mol Cancer Ther , 7:1450–60, 2008). Therefore, we have developed a strategy of targeting hedgehog signaling mediators such as GLI transcription factors using GLI-antisense oligonucleotides or the proteosome using Bortezomib, to target residual/relapsing tumor cells after CHOP chemotherapy followed by tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy (ATT) against human MCL using the mouse model. There was a significantly improved survival and decreased tumor burden in the mice treated with CHOP+GLI-ASO+ATT or CHOP+bortezomib+ATT compared to CHOP only treated controls suggesting the potential of targeting of residual/relapsing tumor cells using this strategy. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of this novel combined therapeutic strategy against human residual/relapsing MCL, which may have future clinical application.
Future from the Balkans

Drawing on the practices of several Eastern European artists, this essay explores ways in which the European refugee crisis has the potential to transform ideas of community. The author highlights ...
THE POLISH MISSION TO LIBERIA, 1934–1938: CONSTRUCTING POLAND'S COLONIAL IDENTITY*

The Polish mission to Liberia (1934–8) was a series of diplomatic, commercial, and scientific initiatives carried out by Poland's Maritime and Colonial League and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Contextualizing the mission in terms of contemporary attempts to construct Poland's colonial identity, this article argues that Poland's colonial lobby imagined their presence in Liberia as a unique form of colonialism, distinct from its Western counterparts. Many participants in the mission considered Poland to have a special moral mandate in Africa by virtue of its own experience as a recently occupied nation. The grandiose visions of Liberia as a Polish colony and unfulfilled economic promises, however, contributed to the ultimate termination of the mission in 1938. The Poles’ concept of colonialism obscured their plausible objectives in Liberia and distracted them from executing their economic plan. The construction of a Polish colonial identity was a perfect means of rallying patriots around the flag and creating domestic support for Poland's maritime projects, but a colonial ideology was a double-edged sword in foreign affairs.
Review of the current medical literature and assessment of current utilization patterns regarding human papillomavirus in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology

Human papillomaviruses have been implicated in many cutaneous diseases. Practicing dermatopathologists often consider using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to help clarify the histologic diagnosis, particularly in cases with borderline or nondiagnostic features. We reviewed the current evidence behind the use of these two techniques in dermatopathology. We identified only two studies utilizing the currently available immunohistochemical antibodies. We found more evidence regarding the use of in situ hybridization; however, the majority of this evidence focuses on diagnosing condylomas and other lesions of the genital skin. We also assessed current utilization patterns of attendees of the American Society of Dermatopathology annual meeting (Chicago, 2016) which revealed a wide spectrum of current utilization ranging from no use to regular use more than once per month. Two-thirds of respondents utilized these tests primarily when requested by the submitting clinician and one-third of the respondents utilize these tests reflexively in specific clinical scenarios.
Functional brain imaging in neuropsychology over the past 25 years.

Objective Outline effects of functional neuroimaging on neuropsychology over the past 25 years. Method Functional neuroimaging methods and studies will be described that provide a historical context, offer examples of the utility of neuroimaging in specific domains, and discuss the limitations and future directions of neuroimaging in neuropsychology. Results Tracking the history of publications on functional neuroimaging related to neuropsychology indicates early involvement of neuropsychologists in the development of these methodologies. Initial progress in neuropsychological application of functional neuroimaging has been hampered by costs and the exposure to ionizing radiation. With rapid evolution of functional methods-in particular functional MRI (fMRI)-neuroimaging has profoundly transformed our knowledge of the brain. Its current applications span the spectrum of normative development to clinical applications. The field is moving toward applying sophisticated statistical approaches that will help elucidate distinct neural activation networks associated with specific behavioral domains. The impact of functional neuroimaging on clinical neuropsychology is more circumscribed, but the prospects remain enticing. Conclusions The theoretical insights and empirical findings of functional neuroimaging have been led by many neuropsychologists and have transformed the field of behavioral neuroscience. Thus far they have had limited effects on the clinical practices of neuropsychologists. Perhaps it is time to add training in functional neuroimaging to the clinical neuropsychologist's toolkit and from there to the clinic or bedside. (PsycINFO Database Record
The impact of vaccination route on Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine efficacy

Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection can lead to major financial losses for poultry producers. Control of M. gallisepticum infection in the layer industry is generally obtained through vaccination due to the nature of the multi-aged flocks in the facilities. Live vaccines can provide significant protection from the pathogenic effects of M. gallisepticum infection. However, differing management practices, including vaccination procedures, can lead to significant variations in the efficacy of the same vaccine. The site of vaccine deposition has been shown to be one important factor significantly influencing the vaccination outcome. Previous research has shown that vaccine applied to the eyes or sprayed on the head is significantly more effective than when sprayed on the body. Vaccine application to the eyes, through the nares (nasal), and 2 routes through the oral cavity were studied to further characterize the most efficient route for delivery. Results of this work demonstrate that eye drop vaccination is significantly more effective than nasal vaccination, and vaccine delivered through the oral cavity has a negligible contribution to overall vaccination outcome.
IMAGING | Imaging Approaches to Seizure Analysis: PET Analysis

Approximately 0.5–1% of the population suffers from epilepsy; in half of the cases the etiology is unknown, and almost 25% of patients will have medically-refractory epilepsy. Persistent seizure activity, particularly in the developing brain, may lead to cognitive and intellectual impairment. In these patients, surgical resection of the epileptogenic brain tissue may alleviate the seizures and prevent cognitive decline, provided that the preoperative evaluation accurately identifies the brain region to be resected in order to achieve a favorable outcome. In this article, we discuss the role of functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation and management of epilepsy. In particular, we will demonstrate how PET can be used to identify the seizure-onset zone, secondary epileptic foci, and dual pathology so as to guide the selection of suitable candidates for epilepsy surgery. In addition, we discuss the potential role of PET in elucidating the underlying cellular or molecular changes associated with epilepsy, in order to suggest new targets for the treatment of epilepsy.
Physician responsibility when a surrogate mother breaks her contract.

While a physician cannot lie for a surrogate mother, he or she should offer to be by her side in any discussions with the intended parents.
Etiology and Relationships to Developmental Disabilities and Psychopathology

This chapter reviews a variety of developmental disabilities and psychological disorders that children experience, first describing the relevant symptoms of these disorders and second attempting to understand how social skills are related to the disorder. One theme throughout this chapter is the question of whether social skills deficits can be understood etiologically or whether these deficits are rather a behavioral consequence of a disorder. Specifically, social skills deficits are often either a diagnostic criterion of a particular disorder or a direct consequence of the disorder itself (or both). As such, the social skills deficits co-occur with the disorder. However, in some cases there is evidence to suggest that a prior social skills deficit precedes the manifestation of the disorder and therefore is part of the etiology of the disorder. This is similar to the perennial chicken and the egg question but reframed as, which came first, the disorder or the social skills deficit?
Genotypic context modulates fitness landscapes: Effects on the speed and direction of evolution for antimicrobial resistance

Understanding the forces that drive the dynamics of adaptive evolution is a goal of many subfields within evolutionary biology. The fitness landscape analogy has served as a useful abstraction for addressing these topics across many systems, and recent treatments have revealed how different environments can frame the particulars of adaptive evolution by changing the topography of fitness landscapes. In this study, we examine how the larger, ambient genotypic context in which the fitness landscape being modeled is embedded affects fitness landscape topography and subsequent evolution. Using simulations on empirical fitness landscapes, we discover that genotypic context, defined by genetic variability in regions outside of the locus under study (in this case, an essential bacterial enzyme target of antibiotics), influences the speed and direction of evolution in several surprising ways. These findings have implications for how we study the evolution of drug resistance in nature, and for presumptions about how biological evolution might be expected to occur in genetically-modified organisms. More generally, the findings speak to theory surrounding how "difference can beget difference" in adaptive evolution: that small genetic differences between organisms can greatly alter the specifics of how evolution occurs, which can rapidly drive even slightly diverged populations further apart.
Systematic Position of a Fairyfly, Anagrus saltensis (Ogloblin, 1949), comb. n. (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), and Description of a New Species from Argentina Related to It

A little known Neotropical species, Schizophragma saltensis Ogloblin, 1949 (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), is transferred to the genus Anagrus Haliday, 1833 as Anagrus saltensis (Ogloblin, 1949), comb. n. Description of the previously unknown male of A. saltensis is given, and a new species related to it, Anagrus (Anagrus) vatrjapitzinisp. n., is described from a female collected in Argentina. Both taxa belong to the stethynioides species group of the nominate subgenus Anagrus to which a key is given.
Enhanced Upconversion Performance in Alloyed CdSe(Te)/CdS 1–x Se x /CdSe Core/Rod/Emitter Nanostructures

Colloidal quantum dot (QD) nanostructures have been shown to convert multiple low-energy photons into a single, high-energy photon through a process called photon upconversion. QD nanostructures could replace conventional upconverter materials in solar cell applications and can be tuned to absorb photons transparent to the host cell and emit usable photons, increasing the short circuit current of the host cell while maintaining open circuit voltage. Double QDs (coupled via a nanorod) have previously demonstrated 0.1% upconversion efficiency and a peak-to-peak energy gain of 380meV under pulsed excitation equivalent to 105 times solar concentration. However, for upconverters to be viable for solar energy harvesting, they must have high efficiency in low-light (1-sun) conditions. Engineering improved performance under device-relevant conditions requires a better understanding of the upconversion mechanisms. We synthesize core/rod/emitter complexes and demonstrate near-infrared (NIR)-to-visible upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) in these structures with continuous wave (CW) illumination near low-light conditions. We further observe photon energy gains of 700meV (from 850nm to 575nm). To improve upconversion efficiency, we grow homogeneous absorber QDs and alloyed rods and systematically study the quantum yield using an integrating sphere to measure upconversion photoluminescence relative to a rhodamine 101 standard. We observe an order of magnitude increase in upconversion quantum efficiency. Further understanding the effect of morphology and composition on upconversion and carrier transfer mechanisms is critical to realizing improved optical performance and upconversion quantum efficiencies in these nanostructures.
The Intersection of Physical Function, Cognitive Performance, Aging, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study.

Objective:To examine the associations between physical function (walking speed and endurance and functional mobility) and cognitive function (information processing speed and verbal memory) in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls.Background:Older adults with MS have worse p
“Our Divided Society—A Challenge to Religious Education”: REA’s 1969 National Convention and the Opening Up of Brave Conversations about Race and Religion

AbstractThe Religious Education Association (REA) selected as its theme for its 1969 National Convention, “Our Divided Society—A Challenge to Religious Education,” addressing, among other topics, i...
Undergraduate Chemistry Students’ Epistemic Criteria for Scientific Models

To engage meaningfully with scientific models, undergraduate students must come to understand what counts as a scientific model and why. To gain a sense of the characteristics that undergraduate chemistry students ascribe to scientific models, we analyzed survey data that address students’ ideas about both model criteria in general and criteria related to specific models of chemical phenomena. The findings suggest that undergraduate general chemistry students possess some productive and some intuitive ideas about the characteristics of scientific models but may not have systematic or coherent conceptions about models across contexts.
Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia in Pregnancy.

Supraventricular tachycardia is a common arrhythmia in pregnancy. During labor and delivery, neuraxial analgesia is important to prevent arrhythmia recurrence. We present the case of a 27-year-old gravida 2 para 1 woman at 35 weeks' gestation presenting with supraventricular tachycardia that converted to normal sinus rhythm with adenosine. To prevent recurrence of the arrhythmia, an early epidural was provided during labor to minimize catecholamine release.
Grassroots Campaign in Technology-Enabled Elections: Madurai and Thiruvananthapuram in 2019 Indian Elections

As a critical site of democratic action, the grassroots electoral campaigning is undergoing a transformation with the influence of digital tools in mobilizing the electorate. Through an ethnographic study conducted in Madurai and Thiruvananthapuram during the months prior to the 2019 Indian Parliamentary Elections, the study attempts to map the technology adoption among political workers, in relation to their party/leaders, voters, and other stakeholders in the electoral landscape. Using the typology presented in the new repertoire of social movement action, we categorize the internet-based and internet-supported campaigning tools, according to the threshold of risk and effort involved in undertaking the activities. Illustrating with perspectives from the grassroots political agents, the paper aspires to extend the literature related to digital political mobilization and contribute to the study of democratic systems.
Creep of a thermally stable nanocrystalline nickel tungsten alloy as measured by high temperature nanoindentation

Abstract The creep behavior of pure nanocrystalline (nc) fcc metals has not been studied above 200 °C because the nanoscale grains tend to grow at temperatures moderately above ambient. In this work, we study the creep of nanocrystalline Ni–W (nc Ni–W) up to 450 °C, near its thermal stability limit. A nanoindenter with the capability to heat both the specimen and the indenter tip addresses the issue of heat flow and provides more accurate test temperatures when compared to heating only the specimen. Creep experiments are performed on a nc Ni–W film (grain size ~15 nm) at 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C using the constant load and hold (CLH) method combined with the constant stiffness measurement (CSM) technique in which the peak load is maintained at a constant level. No grain growth occurs even at the highest temperature and highest stress. We conduct an analysis that accounts for the effect of the oscillating loads used in this combined CLH-CSM technique on creep. We find that nc Ni–W exhibits negligible creep at 300 °C, and that at 350 °C, creep in nc Ni–W is three orders of magnitude smaller than creep in pure nc Ni at 100 °C. The creep response of nc Ni–W differs significantly from that predicted by the standard Coble creep model and is attributed to the dislocation–grain boundary interaction.
RE-DISCOVERING AND RE-INVENTING RHETORIC

When one considers the growing number of ‘rhetorical’ readings of biblical texts published recently, both as monographs and articles, it is evident that a forceful new movement has entered into the biblical-critical world. As Wuellner (1987) has discussed, the promise of this movement is tremendous, for rhetoric leads us away from traditional content -/structure-oriented concerns of the analysis of scripture to a reading in which a text is allowed to interact, affect, strengthen and transform values and beliefs. Rhetoric concerns itself not simply with logical and rational dimensions of discourse, but emotive and imaginative. Rhetoric focuses upon context, but not just historical contexts: The audience, the reader of any age and place, becomes an active force in the interpretation, production, and persuasion of text. The promise of rhetoric to biblical criticism lies in the promise of the transformation of scholarship to the level of the interdisciplinary and the relevant, of the responsive and accountable. (Wuellner, 1987:460-463)