cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lightning rods that don’t protect

Is it safe to ablate myocardial tissue with radiofrequency (RF) energy when other metallic objects are near the ablation catheter tip? Will heating occur at objects such as metallic esophageal temperature probes and electrodes on other mapping catheters? Does the presence of nearby metal, such as an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocking coil, alter the myocardial heating pattern around the ablation catheter tip electrode itself? In this issue of HeartRhythm, Nguyen et al report their findings on these issues based on an ex vivo bovine myocardium model. In this elegant study, heating patterns were assessed both visually using a thermochromic liquid crystal medium in which the myocardial sample was placed and quantitatively with thermocouple wires embedded within the medium. RF energy was applied at 30 W to the myocardium using a standard 4-mm ablation electrode, with metallic items including an ICD lead, a circular mapping catheter, and esophageal temperature probes placed at various distances, and the RF grounding electrode placed in various orientations with respect to the metal items. The key findings were as follows. (1) Heating 4451C occurred around metallic objects placed within 5 mm of the ablation tip if the metal was located between the ablation electrode and the ground electrode, but (2) similar heating was seen around metal objects only within 3 mm of the ablation catheter when the object was located on the side away from the ground plate. (3) Metal objects placed within a couple of millimeters of the ablation catheter altered the heating pattern around the ablation electrode so as to increase heating on the side near the extraneous metal and reduce it on the opposite side. (4) Heating occurred around an exposed metal esophageal temperature probe located near the ablation catheter, but (5) heating around the temperature probe was eliminated when the probe was insulated.
Spatial patterns of landside trade impedance in containerized South American exports

Abstract The paper addresses claims implicating higher domestic transportation costs as a significant barrier to Latin America's trade and economic integration - and the region's inadequate transportation infrastructure as the primary cause. The relative “trade space” for U.S.-bound containerized shipments is delineated via reverse spatial interaction modeling. Reconfiguration and reverse calibration of the doubly constrained spatial interaction model is used to derive functional distances between origins and ports of export, as a means of estimating a Trade Impedance Quotient (TIQ) for trade flows at the scale of the continent. Global and local statistics of spatial autocorrelation are then used to analyze the spatial pattern of trade impedance. With this approach, the analysis of containerized flows establishes the existence, extent, location, and spatial distribution of discrepancies in South American landside trade impedance. A large share of trade flows have trade impedance that is disproportionate to distance. Trade impedance at origins is spatially clustered for the total dataset and randomly distributed for commodity segments, and randomly distributed at destinations. Potential focus areas for high trade impedance are identified.
Viral arthritis: the lessons of parvovirus B19.

Viruses are among the most common and least recognized causes of joint symptoms—including syndromes misclassified as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. Parvovirus B19 is notably underappreciated in this role. Many cases resolve spontaneously. The challenge is to exclude nonviral causes of joint disease.
ENZYMOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF FREE CARNITINE CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT TISSUES.

Purified carnitine acetyltransferase was employed to catalyze the reaction: Carnitine + acetyl CoA ⇌ acetylcarnitine + CoA . In the presence of a known excess of acetyl CoA, free CoA released was determined simultaneously in a coupled spectrophotometric assay. CoA formed was shown to be directly related to carnitine initially present. Rat tissue extracts were analyzed using this method, and μmoles of (–)-carnitine per gram dry weight were found to be 4.87 for heart; 3.14 for brown adipose tissue; 2.68 for skeletal muscle; 1.74 for testes; 1.26 for kidney; 0.55 for brain; and 0.051 for serum. The specificity and accuracy of the determinations are described.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease Involving the Larynx and Bronchus

A brief review of chronic granulomatous disease, an immunological and clinical entity, is presented. The clinical and laboratory findings are listed and hereditary aspect discussed briefly. The futility of treatment is mentioned. A case is reported in which laryngeal destruction and bronchial obstruction had been due to this disease.
Gyrokinetic Simulation of Magnetic Compressional Modes in General Geometry

A method for gyrokinetic simulation of low frequency (lower than the cyclotron frequency) magnetic compressional modes in general geometry is presented. The gyrokinetic-Maxwell system of equations is expressed fully in terms of the compressional component of the magnetic perturbation, δB‖, with finite Larmor radius effects. This introduces a ”gyro-surface” averaging of δB‖ in the gyrocenter equations of motion, and similarly in the perpendicular Ampere’s law, which takes the form of the perpendicular force balance equation. The resulting system can be numerically implemented by representing the gyro-surface averaging by a discrete sum in the configuration space. For the typical wavelength of interest (on the order of the gyroradius), the gyro-surface averaging can be reduced to averaging along an effective gyro-orbit. The phase space integration in the force balance equation can be approximated by summing over carefully chosen samples in the magnetic moment coordinate, allowing for an efficient numerical implementation. PACS: 02.60.-x, 02.70.-c, 52.65.Tt
Selective Auditory - Visual Interference Effects in a Dual Task Paradigm: Implications for Assessing Individual Differences

Three experiments are reported that tested predictions from a multiple resource framework for selective patterns of interference in a visual - auditory dual task paradigm. Subjects performed an auditory memory search task both alone and in conjunction with several visual information processing tasks. In Experiment 1 the level of speech intelligibility in the memory search task did not affect performance in an unstable tracking task. In Experiments 2 and 3 speech intelligibility did affect performance in a spatial processing task and a mathematical reasoning task. These results are discussed in terms of their relevance for designing a test battery to identify individuals likely to be affected by changes in speech intelligibility.
Regulatory Focus, Task Engagement and Divergent Thinking

We investigate the effect of individuals’ regulatory focus on divergent thinking performance. We analysed 3576 ideas, generated by 341 English-speaking adults who participated in two separate divergent thinking tasks. A promotion focus results in higher levels of creative potential. Based on regulatory fit theory, we find that task engagement mediates the positive effect of a promotion focus on creative potential. Our findings are robust regardless whether fluency, flexibility or uniqueness is used as the creative potential measure. Our study further uncovers that regulatory focus does not only change the quantity of ideas, but also impacts the type of ideas generated. Promotion focus individuals generate a broader range of ideas than prevention focus individuals.
The Túpac Amaru Rebellion. By Charles F. Walker. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. 347. $29.95.)

The author's interest in presenting the little‐known Tupac Amaru Rebellion to a nonacademic audience is commendable. Having spent considerable time in Seville studying original documents from the r...
‘Local’: Contextualizing Hawai‘i’s Foodways

Within contemporary concerns about the overall health of the US food system, the “local” has emerged as a key concept for strengthening sustainability, community, and access to affordable and fresh foods. For Hawai‘i, the local is more than a geographic category; it is also a core identity by which its residents mark their relationship to place. This double use of localism thereby underlines the personal—and political—stakes of “eating local” in an increasingly globalized food system. This introductory essay for a special journal issue on Hawai‘i’s Food Systems offers the island archipelago as a case study for understanding how these systems-in-place interact with, respond to, and reinforce histories of colonialism, migration and settlement, monocropping, and importation. By attending to critical discourses about localism through the geographic and social particularities of Hawai‘i, themes of place are highlighted as a central concern to the field of Food Studies today.
Parameter convergence in source localization

A source localization problem which is nonlinear is converted to a structured-noise linear problem. An algorithm is proposed and its convergence has been established.
A flexible parylene probe for in vivo recordings from multiple subregions of the rat hippocampus

The hippocampus is crucial to the formation of long-term memory and declarative memory. It is divided into three sub-fields the CA1, the CA3 and the DG. To understand the neuronal circuitry within the hippocampus and to study the role of the hippocampus in memory function requires the collection of neural activities from multiple subregions of the hippocampus simultaneously. Micro-wire electrode arrays are commonly used as an interface with neural systems. However, recording from multiple deep brain regions with curved anatomical structures such as the thin cell body layers of the hippocampus requires the micro-wires to be arranged into a highly accurate, complex layout that is difficult to fabricated manually. In this work, we designed and developed a flexible parylene-C based neural probe which can be easily micro-machined to the desired dimensions. Sixty-four electrical recording sites are micromachined on to 8 parylene shanks and spaced according to the distribution of hippocampal principal neurons in different hippocampus subregions. Together with our collaborators, we developed and optimized the implantation procedure of the flexible parylene probe and tested the insertion method both in brain tissue phantom and in vivo with a sham device. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining post-implantation of the sham probe was used to verify the location of the probe and to evaluate immune responses to the probe. Fully functional devices were fabricated and, in future studies, functional probes will be chronically implanted into the rat hippocampus, and neural activities will be recorded and compared with signals obtained with micro-wire arrays.
Investigating the identities of isolated crania in the Lower Illinois River Valley through multi-isotopic analysis

Abstract The Lower Illinois River Valley (LIV) has an extensive record of human habitation extending back over twelve millennia and has been extensively researched by archaeologists to gain insights into indigenous cultural complexity during the Woodland and Mississippian phases. A critical but relatively unexplored aspect of this history is the role of human migration and demographic structure in these complex societies, which could more clearly reconstruct patterns of conflict, exchange, and colonization across different time periods. This study characterizes Sr, and Pb isotopes in tooth enamel from a cross-sectional sample of the Mound 3 human remains (n = 15) at the Elizabeth site in the LIV, dated to the Middle Woodland Period (2100–1700 BP), to estimate residential origins and possible residential mobility. Two distinct patterns of mortuary treatment in this sample—nine typical LIV mound interments and six isolated crania arranged in a trench feature—suggest that two distinct groups may have been interred in the mound. However, the significance of this distinction is unclear, including whether or not these isolated crania represent local individuals or non-local people who arrived at the site prior to their deaths. Sr isotopes do not reveal interpretively significant variations in enamel between the typical and feature interments. All of the Pb isotope data form a very well defined linear trend suggesting that Pb in both the typical and feature interments is controlled by similar source(s) or processes. This Pb isotope array can be a result of variable mixing of Pb from two distinct end-members or can be “Pb pseudo-isochron” inherited from local soils developed over ancient bedrock material. Together, these data suggest that the isolated skulls and the typical interments at the site most likely originated from the Midwestern region. The mortuary context also suggests that they were likely not culturally distinct.
Gender and local executive office in regional Russia: the party of power as a vehicle for women’s empowerment?

AbstractWe employ a political ambition framework to study women’s under-representation in Russian local politics. We conduct a survey of current heads of municipal districts and municipal urban and rural settlements in four regions of the Russian Federation. The study reveals gendered pathways to local leadership positions. The advantage of incumbency is fully used by male politicians: male incumbents are more likely than female incumbents to run for re-election. Self-initiated ambition, term in office, and age explain the decisions of male executives to run for re-election. Female incumbents are likely to run for a subsequent term only if they are supported by the United Russia Party.
Dynamic Control of X Chromosome Conformation and Repression by a Histone H4K20 Demethylase

Summary Chromatin modification and higher-order chromosome structure play key roles in gene regulation, but their functional interplay in controlling gene expression is elusive. We have discovered the machinery and mechanism underlying the dynamic enrichment of histone modification H4K20me1 on hermaphrodite X chromosomes during C. elegans dosage compensation and demonstrated H4K20me1's pivotal role in regulating higher-order chromosome structure and X-chromosome-wide gene expression. The structure and the activity of the dosage compensation complex (DCC) subunit DPY-21 define a Jumonji demethylase subfamily that converts H4K20me2 to H4K20me1 in worms and mammals. Selective inactivation of demethylase activity eliminates H4K20me1 enrichment in somatic cells, elevates X-linked gene expression, reduces X chromosome compaction, and disrupts X chromosome conformation by diminishing the formation of topologically associating domains (TADs). Unexpectedly, DPY-21 also associates with autosomes of germ cells in a DCC-independent manner to enrich H4K20me1 and trigger chromosome compaction. Our findings demonstrate the direct link between chromatin modification and higher-order chromosome structure in long-range regulation of gene expression.
Mitochondrial respiratory defects lead to significant alterations in cellular redox states and drug sensitivity

LB-115 Mitochondrial malfunction, which can lead to decreased ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation and altered drug sensitivity, has long been observed in many cancer cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. Here we report the establishment of an inducible cell model in which the mitochondrial respiratory function can be controlled by tetracycline and the use of this system as a tool to investigate on the relationship between mitochondrial respiratory malfunction, redox alterations, and drug sensitivity. A dominant negative form of the DNA polymerase gamma (POLGdn) was expressed in the T-ReX293 tetracycline inducible system. Mitochondrial malfunction was induced by doxocycline, which led to a almost complete suppression of oxygen consumption, caused by a depletion of the mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory chain complex I, III, IV, and V components, despite an increase of nuclear encoded complex II subunit proteins. Accompany with this mitochondrial respiratory defect, superoxide generation from the respiratory chain decreased, whereas cellular hydrogen peroxide level increased, as shown by fluorometric detection using hydroethedine and DCF-DA, respectively. The increase in hydrogen peroxide level was further confirmed by using the catalase to eliminate its specific fluorescent signal. Surprisingly, cellular nitric oxide level also increased when mitochondrial respiration was suppressed. The increase in nitric oxide could be inhibited by the NOS inhibitor L-NMMA. Biochemical analyses showed total cellular glutathione content and the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPX-1) protein were elevated in the mitochondrial defective cells, whereas the levels of SOD1 and SOD2 proteins remained unchanged. These alterations in cellular redox states were associated with significant changes (increase or decrease) in cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents, depending on the mechanisms of action of the specific drugs. Compounds with pro-oxidant property are more effective in killing the cells with increased hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. These observations may have clinical implications in selecting proper drug to kill cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Performance evaluation of a semi-active cladding connection for multi-hazard mitigation

A novel semi-active damping device termed Variable Friction Cladding Connection (VFCC) has been previously proposed to leverage cladding systems for the mitigation of natural and man-made hazards. The VFCC is a semi-active friction damper that connects cladding elements to the structural system. The friction force is generated by sliding plates and varied using an actuator through a system of adjustable toggles. The dynamics of the device has been previously characterized in a laboratory environment. In this paper, the performance of the VFCC at mitigating non-simultaneous multi-hazard excitations that includes wind and seismic loads is investigated on a simulated benchmark building. Simulations consider the robustness with respect to some uncertainties, including the wear of the friction surfaces and sensor failure. The performance of the VFCC is compared against other connection strategies including traditional stiffness, passive viscous, and passive friction elements. Results show that the VFCC is robust and capable of outperforming passive systems for the mitigation of multiple hazards.
Rabble Rousing in a Red State: Lessons Learned From Organizing for Worker Rights in a Highly Conservative State

This article provides an analysis of a brief case study in community organizing undertaken by low-wage fast food workers and community allies over the issue of wage theft. The case analyzed in this...
Climate Change and Increasing Risk of Extreme Heat

Extreme heat has negative impacts on human health, labor productivity, and many other aspects of life. Both historical trends and future projections suggest that the extreme heat hazard will increase, but measures to reduce risk are being studied and implemented to lessen the impacts of extreme heat. Heat health early warning systems and longer-term planning and preparedness require skillful, seamless predictions of the heat hazard from weeks to months and from years to decades into the future. They allow for shorter-term interventions and longer-term policy and infrastructural investments which can reduce risk. Investments in observing systems, science to understand the physical mechanisms driving heat extremes, and model improvements are essential to developing these predictions and a critical part of addressing the human health risks of extreme heat in a changing climate.
In silico identification of drug target pathways in breast cancer subtypes using pathway cross-talk inhibition

Despite great development in genome and proteome high-throughput methods, treatment failure is a critical point in the management of most solid cancers, including breast cancer (BC). Multiple alternative mechanisms upon drug treatment are involved to offset therapeutic effects, eventually causing drug resistance or treatment failure. Here, we optimized a computational method to discover novel drug target pathways in cancer subtypes using pathway cross-talk inhibition (PCI). The in silico method is based on the detection and quantification of the pathway cross-talk for distinct cancer subtypes. From a BC data set of The Cancer Genome Atlas, we have identified different networks of cross-talking pathways for different BC subtypes, validated using an independent BC dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus. Then, we predicted in silico the effects of new or approved drugs on different BC subtypes by silencing individual or combined subtype-derived pathways with the aim to find new potential drugs or more effective synergistic combinations of drugs. Overall, we identified a set of new potential drug target pathways for distinct BC subtypes on which therapeutic agents could synergically act showing antitumour effects and impacting on cross-talk inhibition. We believe that in silico methods based on PCI could offer valuable approaches to identifying more tailored and effective treatments in particular in heterogeneous cancer diseases.
Caffeine use as a model of acute and chronic insomnia

It was hypothesized that the metabolic effects of caffeine, which can be objectively measured (i.e. physiological, "arousal"), could be used to develop a physiological arousal model of chronic insomnia in a group of normal young adults. Twelve normal young adult males participated for 11 nights after laboratory adaptation. Subjects received 400 mg of caffeine three times a day for 7 nights and days. As predicted, the use of caffeine resulted in increased metabolic rate. Sleep efficiency was significantly reduced by caffeine and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) were significantly increased. Some adaptation to the metabolic, sleep efficiency, and MSLT effects of caffeine was seen over the week of administration. Withdrawal effects (i.e. rebound sleep or sleepiness) were not seen for metabolic, MSLT or sleep variables. The data indicated that caffeine was effective in producing significant metabolic and sleep effects and that those effects were related. The results were consistent with the interpretation that a chronic decrease in sleep efficiency associated with increased physiological arousal, although producing subjective dysphoria, does not produce a physiological sleep debt.
Functional Regulation: The Securitization of Banking Law

The fundamental differences between the banking and securities law regimes are the centerpiece of my analysis of functional regulation under Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB). In this essay, I assert that, conceptually, functional regulation is born out of the federal securities laws while institutional regulation is associated with federal bank regulation. Next, I evaluate the performance of institutional versus functional regulation prior to the passage of GLB. Given that functional regulation is a securities law concept, I address the question of why GLB, a banking law, adopts functional regulation. Finally, I express doubt that functional regulation will work and offer suggestions for future reform.
Self-Efficacy Theory

In the course of even the most ordinary lives, people face an infinite number of decisions, problems, and challenges. Despite the statistics on the prevalence of emotional and behavioral dysfunction, most people most of the time are able to effectively make decisions, solve problems, and overcome challenges. Understanding how people adapt and adjust to life’s infinite challenges is, perhaps, the most important problem for scientific psychology. Not surprisingly, most of the important models of human learning, cognition, emotion, personality, and social interaction have tried to account for the individual’s capacity for adaptively responding to environmental changes, often referred to as competence (e.g., Sternberg & Kolligan, 1990; White, 1959). The study of beliefs about personal competence and the role of such beliefs in human adaptation and adjustment have a long history in clinical, personality, and social psychology. The theories of effectance motivation (White, 1959), achievement motivation (McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, & Lowell, 1953), social learning (Rotter, 1966), and helplessness (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) are just a few of the many theories that have sought to explore and explain the relationship between perceptions of personal competence and adaptation, adjustment, and psychological well-being.
Multi-functional ULTEM™1010 composite filaments for additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

Abstract This paper investigates the development of a novel high temperature polymer composite material by modifying polyetherimide (PEI) ULTEM™ 1010 with the addition of functional additives and processing it into filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Through twin-screw extrusion, four different formulations were obtained using combinations of hollow glass microspheres, nanoclay, and non-halogenated flame-retardant additives. These additives were designed to create a material that exhibits low density, high char yield, and low flammability. Filament quality was characterized and reported. Thermal and flammability characterization results indicated that the formulation consisting of 10 wt.% glass bubbles, 5 wt.% nanoclay, and 10 wt.% flame-retardant additives exhibited the best char yield at 62.2% and the lowest heat release capacity (HRC) of 119 J/g−1 K−1, an 10.7% improvement in char yield and 52% reduction in HRC compared to the neat polymer.
A Wireless Neurostimulator System with an Embedded ARM™ Microprocessor

In this study, a novel multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB)-based neurostimulator system with an embedded microprocessor is presented for applications in neuroprosthesis. The system integrates rechargeable batteries, a power management block, adjustable constant-current waveforms, voltage transient monitoring, and evoked neural response recording. The system can be configured to select channels among the 16 stimulation channels via Bluetooth communication wirelessly. Bench top measurements demonstrated that the system generated biphasic current waveforms with various stimulation parameters with approximately 407 mW of power consumption. Additional testing and validation with microelectrodes are underway.
The evolving role of translocation t(11;14) in the biology, prognosis, and management of multiple myeloma

Cytogenetic changes in multiple myeloma (MM) have emerged as one of the most important prognostic factors. Translocations of chromosomes 4 and 14 [t(4;14)], chromosomes 14 and 16 [t(14;16)] and deletion of chromosome 17p [del(17p)] have been incorporated in the Revised International Staging System as a measure of adverse disease biology. Ongoing research is unveiling a complex genomic landscape in MM, with new cytogenetic abnormalities important for prognosis identified and the significance of known cytogenetic changes revisited. In studies conducted before the novel agent era, t(11;14) was shown to carry standard risk for patients with MM. Findings from more recent retrospective reviews have shown that t(11;14) is associated with intermediate outcomes in patients treated with novel agents as compared with patients who have standard- or high-risk cytogenetic aberrations. MM cells with t(11;14) have a unique biology, with relatively higher expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2 and lower expression of MCL1, in contrast to MM cells without this translocation. Translocation t(11;14) has emerged as the first predictive marker in MM, indicating susceptibility to BCL2 inhibition. Future studies will be needed to explore if the combination of novel agents with BCL2 inhibitors can improve the prognosis of patients with t(11;14). In this article, current data on the evolving role of t(11;14) in the biology, prognosis, and treatment of MM are reviewed.
Fenton-driven oxidation of contaminant-spent granular activated carbon (GAC): GAC selection and implications

Abstract Raw materials, activation methods, and post-activation treatment used in manufacturing granular activated carbon (GAC) results in a spectrum of physicochemical characteristics that potentially impact the adsorption oxidation treatment process. A comprehensive study is lacking that assesses the effect of GAC characteristics on adsorption oxidation treatment of contaminant spent-GAC. Consequently, it is inherently assumed the treatment process is GAC-independent. Here, GACs (n = 31) were characterized and used in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based adsorption oxidation treatment of 2-chlorophenol (2CP)-spent GAC. The GACs exhibited a range in surface area, pore volume distribution, metals content, surface functionality, and H2O2 reaction. Chloride recovery, the treatment metric for 2CP oxidation, indicated a wide range in oxidation (0–49.2%) where bituminous- and wood-based GAC performed best. A selected subset of GACs (n = 12), amended with iron, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and H2O2, exhibited a range in oxidative treatment (1.1–57.9%). Correlations were established between GAC surface functionality, H2O2 reactivity, adsorption, and MTBE oxidation indicating multiple parameters play a collective and compounding role. The order of GACs successfully used in the treatment process is bituminous-based coal > wood > coconut > peat. Results showed adsorption oxidation treatment is GAC-dependent, and therefore, GAC selection is a key factor in the success of this technology.
Preservice Observation in Special Education: A Validation Study

Advancing teacher candidates' overall competence through use of valid teacher observation systems should be an essential element of teacher preparation. Yet, the field of special education has not provided observation protocols designed specifically for preservice teachers that are founded in theoretical perspectives and research on effective instruction for students with learning and other high-incidence disabilities (SWDs). To address this need, a group of researchers in special education teacher preparation and measurement developed the Preservice Observation Instrument for Special Education (POISE). The POISE is an observation system rooted in effective special education practices that support the growth of preservice teachers who will serve SWD across instructional settings. The purpose of this article is to report on the development and psychometric properties of the POISE. Specifically, we employed Kane's argument-based validity approach to frame each stage in the development process of the POISE. We conducted two phases of content validation activities, development activities, and a pilot study to assess the degree to which scores from POISE provided evidence for the scoring, generalizability, and extrapolation inferences. In the end, the POISE represents a promising observation instrument for the development of special education teacher candidates.
Vascular Injury Changes Topology of Vessel Network to Adapt to Partition of Blood Flow for New Arteriovenous Specification

Within vascular networks, wall shear stress (WSS) modulates endothelial cell proliferation and arteriovenous specification. Mechano-responsive signaling pathways enable vessels within a connected network to structurally adapt to properly partition blood flow between different parts of organ systems. Here, we study vascular regeneration in a zebrafish model system, performing tail amputation of the Dorsal Aorta (DA)-Posterior Cardinal Vein (PCV) embryonic circulatory loop (ECL) at 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Following severing the ECL, the topology of the micro-circular network is reorganized to engender local increase in blood flow and peak WSS in the closest Segmental Artery (SeA) to the amputation site. Remodeling of this artery increases its radius, and blood flow. These hemodynamic WSS cues activate post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling to guide network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses of Notch and ephrinb2 pathways, manipulations of WSS by modulating myocardial contractility and blood viscosity directly implicate that hemodynamically activated post-angiogenic Notch-ephrinb2 signaling guides network reconnection and restore microcirculation. Taken together, amputation of the DA-PCV loop induces changes in microvascular topology to partition blood flow and increase WSS-mediated Notch-ephrinb2 pathway, driving the new DLAV-PCV loop formation for restoring local microcirculation.
Different Methods of Forming Cold Fronts in Non-Merging Clusters

Sharp edges in X-ray surface brightness with continuous gas pressure called cold fronts have been often found in relaxed galaxy clusters such as Abell 496. Models that explain cold fronts as surviving cores of head-on subcluster mergers do not work well for these clusters and competing models involving gas sloshing have been recently proposed. Here, we test some concrete predictions of these models in a combined analysis of density, temperature, metal abundances and abundance ratios in a deep Chandra exposure of Abell 496. We confirm that the chemical discontinuities found in this cluster are not consistent with a core merger remnant scenario. However, we find chemical gradients across a spiral "arm" discovered at 73 kpc north of the cluster center and coincident with the sharp edge of the main cold front in the cluster. Despite the overall SN Ia iron mass fraction dominance found within the cooling radius of this cluster, the metal enrichment along the arm, determined from silicon and iron abundances, is consistent with a lower SN Ia iron mass fraction (51% +- 14%) than that measured in the surrounding regions (85% +- 14%). The "arm" is also significantly colder than the surroundings by 0.5-1.6 keV. The arm extends from a boxy colder region surrounding the center of the cluster, where two other cold fronts are found. This cold arm is a prediction of current high resolution numerical simulations as a result of an off-center encounter with a less massive pure dark matter halo and we suggest that the cold fronts in A496 provide the first clear corroboration of such model, where the closest encounter happened ~ 0.5 Gyr ago. We also argue for a possible candidate dark matter halo responsible for the cold fronts in the outskirts of A496.
BIOLOGICAL MODELS FOR FINITE MATHEMATICS

Finite Mathematics has become an enormously rich and productive area of contemporary mathematical biology. Fortunately, educators have developed educational modules based upon many of the models th...
Propensity score trimming mitigates bias due to covariate measurement error in inverse probability of treatment weighted analyses: A plasmode simulation

Background Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) may be biased by influential observations, which can occur from misclassification of strong exposure predictors. Methods We evaluated bias and precision of IPTW estimators in the presence of a misclassified confounder and assessed the effect of propensity score (PS) trimming. We generated 1000 plasmode cohorts of size N = 10 000, sampled with replacement from 6063 NHANES respondents (1999-2014) age 40 to 79 with labs and no statin use. We simulated statin exposure as a function of demographics and CVD risk factors; and outcomes as a function of 10-year CVD risk score and statin exposure (rate ratio [RR] = 0.5). For 5% of the people in selected populations (eg, all patients, exposed, those with outcomes), we randomly misclassified a confounder that strongly predicted exposure. We fit PS models and estimated RRs using IPTW and 1:1 PS matching, with and without asymmetric trimming. Results IPTW bias was substantial when misclassification was differential by outcome (RR range: 0.38-0.63) and otherwise minimal (RR range: 0.51-0.53). However, trimming reduced bias for IPTW, nearly eliminating it at 5% trimming (RR range: 0.49-0.52). In one scenario, when the confounder was misclassified for 5% of those with outcomes (0.3% of cohort), untrimmed IPTW was more biased and less precise (RR = 0.37 [SE(logRR) = 0.21]) than matching (RR = 0.50 [SE(logRR) = 0.13]). After 1% trimming, IPTW estimates were unbiased and more precise (RR = 0.49 [SE(logRR) = 0.12]) than matching (RR = 0.51 [SE(logRR) = 0.14]). Conclusions Differential misclassification of a strong predictor of exposure resulted in biased and imprecise IPTW estimates. Asymmetric trimming reduced bias, with more precise estimates than matching.
Creating an Online Peer-to-Peer Mentoring Program: Promoting Student Relationships, Engagement, and Satisfaction during the Era of COVID-19

In the shift from on campus to online education, liberal arts colleges have lost much of the interaction among students that fosters student engagement, learning, and satisfaction. We present an on...
Impact of a novel preceptor collaborative advanced pharmacy practice experience curriculum on student-perceived ability and confidence.

Abstract Background and purpose A novel teaching collaborative for acute care medicine advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) was formed by five faculty preceptors. The primary goal of the collaborative model was to ensure that acute care medicine APPEs provided students with opportunities to achieve Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education Standards 2016, including strengthening students' ability to be practice- and team-ready. Educational activity and setting The collaborative model included group discussions, video modules, patient cases, journal scans, and case presentations among student pharmacists completing an adult or pediatric acute care APPE. Anonymous, voluntary pre−/post-surveys were completed by a cohort of students who participated in the collaborative model from May 2018 to April 2019. Survey questions assessed student-perceived ability/confidence related to interprofessional (IP) relationships and decision-making skills for adult and pediatric patients, as well as value of activities. Findings From the cohort of 67 students, 54 pre-survey and 45 post-survey responses were obtained. Post-rotation, students showed an increase in confidence to practice pharmacy on an IP team (39% vs. 100%, P Summary A collaborative APPE model resulted in consistent increases in student-perceived ability and confidence related to care of adult and pediatric patients. This APPE model could be adapted within different care settings and pharmacy curricula.
Teacher Leadership for Love, Solidarity, and Justice: The Invisibilized and Contested Practices of Teacher Leaders of Color:

Despite widespread acknowledgment of teachers of Color as critical agents of change, white supremacist, colonial, and cis-heteropatriarchal ontologies of “teacher leadership” marginalize the counte...
Modeling Incast and its Empirical Validation

To substantially solve TCP Incast at low cost, we first need to understand the reasons behind its throughput collapse. Traditionally, simulation and implementation/measurement have been tools of choice for examining the performance of various aspects of TCP. In this chapter we develop a simple analytic characterization of the steady state throughput of multiple TCP flows, as a function of loss rate and round trip time under many-to-one Incast communication pattern.
An Empirical Analysis of the Industrial Bioeconomy: Implications for Renewable Resources and the Environment

An empirical analysis was undertaken to quantify the utilization of the primary, first-generation agriculture and forestry feedstocks within the industrial bioeconomy. Institutional policies and incentives, and their role in driving the bioeconomy are also explored. In doing so, we present a detailed analysis of global agricultural and roundwood forestry production, including both intermediate and final uses. In addition to deciphering the internal flows of commodities within the bioeconomy, we present the spatial distribution of key industrial bioeconomy feedstock crops and their influence within the global economy, including flows in exportation and importation across ten geographical regions. Finally, along with the many advantages for industrial biofeedstocks, there are also environmental trade-offs. The results from this examination will equip researchers, industries, and governments with a superior ability to address the multi-dimensional feedbacks and synergies of the bioeconomy, as well as predict potential areas of risk and those that may prosper from future production increases.
Pyrimidine-Specific Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase in Neurospora crassa

Abstract Two carbamyl phosphate synthetases, the first an arginine-synthetic enzyme (CPSarg) and the second a pyrimidine-synthetic enzyme (CPSpyr), are shown to be present in Neurospora. The two enzymes can be separated on the basis of size and are distinguished by several different properties. Both CPSpyr and CPSarg have substrate requirements of adenosine triphosphate, HCO3−, and l-glutamine, although NH4+ in high concentration will partially replace glutamine. CPSpyr activity can be completely inhibited by 5 × 10−4 to 10 × 10−4m uridine triphosphate (UTP). CPSpyr is cold-labile and can be protected against cold inactivation by UTP. The synthesis of CPSpyr and aspartate transcarbamylase (ATC), the initial enzymatic steps of the pyrimidine pathway, are co-derepressed by pyrimidine starvation. Mutations affecting CPSpyr and ATC all map at the same locus, pyr-3. Three classes of mutants with respect to the two activities were found: CPS+ATC−, CPS−ATC+, and CPS−ATC−. The distribution of these mutants on the genetic map, together with other data, indicate that the two activities are carried by a bifunctional protein.
Rescue of Epstein-Barr Virus from Somatic Cell Hybrids of Burkitt Lymphoblastoid Cells

A Burkitt lymphoblastoid cell line, P3J-HR-1, was fused and hybridized to a human sternal marrow cell line. The somatic cell hybrids were negative when examined for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) markers. When the hybrid cells were exposed to 5-iododeoxyuridine, both EBV-specific antigens and virus particles were induced as determined by the immunofluorescence test and by electron microscopy. The data presented suggest that the EBV genome can be transferred from a lymphoblastoid cell to another cell type during cell hybridization, that the EBV genome can persist in the hybrid cells for long periods of time, and that synthesis of the virus can be induced in the heterokaryons.
Tradition, Anthropology of

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 23, pp. 15819–15824, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Thermal Oxidation Profiling of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The use of thermal oxidation profiling (TOP) to monitor the properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-containing samples at incremental temperature intervals has been developed. Specifical...
Insight into the Kinematic and Microphysical Processes that Control Lightning Jumps

AbstractA detailed case study analysis of four thunderstorms is performed using polarimetric and multi-Doppler capabilities to provide specificity on the physical and dynamical drivers behind lightning jumps. The main differences between small increases in the total flash rate and a lightning jump are the increases in graupel mass and updraft volumes ≥10 m s−1 between the −10° and −40°C isotherms. Updraft volumes ≥10 m s−1 increased in magnitude at least 3–5 min in advance of the increase in both graupel mass and total flash rate. Updraft volumes ≥10 m s−1 are more robustly correlated to total flash rate than maximum updraft speed over a thunderstorm’s entire life cycle. However, peak updraft speeds increase prior to 8 of the 12 lightning jumps examined. Decreases in mean and median flash footprint size during increases in total lightning are observed in all four thunderstorms and are most notable during development stages within the most intense storms. However, this inverse relationship breaks down on l...
The flow transfer of a bolus with 1H dynamic nuclear polarization from low to high magnetic fields

Abstract Studies involving a flowing bolus enhanced in a low magnetic field (0.34 T) with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), but monitored in a high magnetic field (4.7 T, 200 MHz 1 H NMR) are reported. The advantages of monitoring the NMR signal at high magnetic fields are increased chemical shift dispersion and greater magnetization flux at the NMR detector. For several different flowing fluids, the enhancement of the low field polarized signal exceeds the normal thermal Boltzmann magnetization for a high magnetic field system (4.7 T). Stable nitroxide radical systems immobilized on silica gel were utilized in these flow solid/liquid intermolecular transfer (SLIT) 1 H DNP experiments.
III. Ultrastructure Comparisons of Epithelial-like and Fibroblast-like Cells Derived from Malignant and Nonmalignant Oral Explants

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUASTUDIOS HISTOCULTURAL DE ORAL CARCINOMA HUMAN. III. COMPARATIONES ULTRASTRUCTURAL DE CELLULAS EPITHELIOIDE E FIBROBLASTOIDE DERIVATE AB MALIGNE E NONMALIGNE EXPLANTOS ORAL.-Dece explantos esseva studiate. In sex, le apparentia esseva epithelioide; in quatro, illo esseva fibroblastoide. Iste constatationes non esseva correlationabile con le fonte del tissu o le tempore in le culturation. Omne culturas epithelial contine un certe numero de cellulas con attachamentos desmosomal. Nulle del culturas fibroblastoide habeva cellulas con desmosomas. Omne le culturas habeva cellulas con simile variationes e organellas e non poteva esser differentiate super iste base. Le cellulas pareva esser un typo intermedie de character associabile plus tosto con lor ambiente in vitro que con le fonte del explanto original.
Mineral composition of freshly harvested potatoes

Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).
Conidiogenous cell development inHelminthosporium carbonum

Abstract We devised a procedure to propagate selectively the vegetative and asexual-reproductive states of Helminthosporium carbonum so that we could characterize morphological and subcellular events associated with the onset of conidiation. Solidified agar media were uniformly inoculated with an overlay of conidia suspended in molten agar. After the overlay solidified, it was covered with a sheet of Miracloth. When incubated in the dark, cultures produced abundant aerial hyphae that grew through the Miracloth layer and conidiation was suppressed for 48 to 50 h. Hyphae were easily harvested from the surface of the Miracloth with a spatula. When cultures were placed in the light after 38 h of growth in the dark, differentiation was detected in 90% of the hyphal tips within 8 to 10 h. The initial response of the hyphal tips, comprising early stages in conidiophore development, was rapid and highly synchronized. The behavior of nuclei during conidiogenous cell development and the initiation of conidia was similar to that reported for other fungi that form blastic conidia. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis of in vitro translation products confirmed differences in poly(A) RNA populations from dark-grown and light-induced cultures.