cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signal Transduction Network Motifs and Biological Memory

Memory is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems, yet the mechanisms responsible for memory, and how to manipulate it at the subcellular level, remain poorly understood. Subjected to transient stimuli, biological systems can exhibit short early responses and/or prolonged (or permanent) late responses. Experimental evidence suggests that early responses (short-term memory) involve post-translational modification of existing proteins and/or their intracellular relocalization, whereas late responses (long-term memory) depend on new protein synthesis. Although this provides an intuitive explanation at the basic molecular level, it does little to clarify the important dynamics that actually maintain memory at the systems level. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to study dynamical mechanisms of biological memory. We first examined the response of four fundamental motifs (positive/negative feedforward and feedback) to external stimuli. Because motifs do not exist in isolation within the cell, we then combined these motifs to form signaling modules to understand how they confer biological memory. These motifs, and different combinations thereof, displayed distinct behavior in response to external stimuli. The principles described in this study have important implications for experimental approaches to identify the mechanisms for biological memory and for the development of therapeutic strategies to modulate signaling network responses in the setting of human disease.
Nomenclature of African Psilini (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and status of Coptera robustior, a parasitoid of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Le psiline africain Coptera silvestrii var. robustior (Silvestri) est promu au rang d'espece. On trouvera ici une nouvelle description des mâles et des femelles, de meme que des mâles et des femelles de Coptera silvestrii silvestrii (Kieffer). Des lectotypes des deux especes ont ete choisis. Coptera magnificus (Nixon) est reconnu comme synonyme subjectif recent de C. robustior (nouveau statut). Le statut de Coptera silvestrii nigricornis (Nixon) est revise. Six especes additionnelles de Psilini, toutes decrites dans le genre Galesus Haliday, sont transferees au genre Captera Say, ou elles forment de nouvelles combinaisons: Captera elgoni (Risbec, 1950); Coptera macrophtalma (Risbec, 1950); Coptera ornata (Risbec, 1950); Coptera microphtalma (Risbec, 1950); Coptera bignonae (Risbec, 1954) et Coptera touai (Risbec, 1954).
Development of a smart algorithm for voltage monitoring and control (of power systems)

A method has been developed for the control of interconnected power system voltage based on monitoring of reactive power imbalances. The method has been derived using nonlinear analysis and therefore has the advantage of being applicable for large changes in reactive power or voltage. The method results in a very fast algorithm which can decide actions to be taken to recover prefault voltage levels. >
The ketogenic diet: initiation at goal calories versus gradual caloric advancement.

Abstract Background Inpatient initiation of the ketogenic diet has historically involved fasting followed by gradual advancement of calories and/or diet ratio. Complications during this initiation period are common. We sought to determine if the initiation of the diet at goal calories would reduce these complications while maintaining efficacy. Methods Sixty patients were admitted to a tertiary care hospital for elective initiation of the ketogenic diet between October 2007 and January 2013. All patients were placed on a ketogenic diet initiation pathway. In 2010, the pathway was modified from gradual caloric advancement to initiation at goal calories. We selected 30 consecutive patients before and after the change for comparison. Each child's record was reviewed for the occurrence of hypoglycemia, number of days to reach full ketosis (defined as 4 + urine ketones), acidosis requiring commencement of sodium citrate, length of admission, and long-term efficacy. Results Both methods of initiation had similar rates of dehydration, vomiting, lethargy, and irritability. More patients initiated at goal received sodium citrate ( P = 0.005); however, mean daily values of carbon dioxide were not significantly different. Onset of ketosis was slightly delayed ( P = 0.009) in patients initiated at goal, but length of stay was not affected ( P > 0.1). Hypoglycemia was uncommon and rates were similar between the groups. Efficacy at 3 months was better in patients initiated at full calories ( P Conclusion Initiation of the ketogenic diet full calories is a reasonable alternative to the current standard practice of gradual advancement of calories and/or diet ratio.
Stiglitz and his discontent

Globalization and its Discontents is Joseph Stiglitz's attempt to articulate to a wide audience his trenchant critique of the International Monetary Fund, its vision of globalization and, in effect, the organization of the world capitalist system. This paper argues that while Globalization and its Discontents is deeply flawed, it is ultimately an important book. Stiglitz's critique of IMF-style globalization is rooted in mainstream economic theory, but its conclusions are quite radical. Stiglitz argues that IMF policies favor the rich over the poor, stifle development, undermine democracy, and promote financial instability and crisis. His claims are by no means original. But no economist with comparably impeccable mainstream credentials has asserted so forcefully that globalization's critics are, on many crucial issues, correct. The power of Stiglitz's book lies primarily not in its originality or insight, but in its legitimization of popular criticisms of globalization.
Effects of large lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) on the dietary habits of small lake trout: a comparison of stable isotopes (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) and stomach content analyses

We examined the effect of large (potentially piscivorous) lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) on the dietary habits of small lake trout in an arctic lake. We hypothesized that large lake trout constrain the foraging of small lake trout, thus, in the absence of large lake trout, small lake trout will shift their diet from littoral to more abundant prey offshore. We tested this hypothesis using samples from a removal experiment where all lake trout large enough to be susceptible to gill nets were removed from a small arctic Alaskan lake during 1988–1989. We examined size at age and conducted stomach content and stable isotope analyses of lake trout collected during removal (1988), early recovery (1990), and late recovery (1999) portions of the study. Lake trout grew more quickly following removal. All lake trout fed on a variety of prey, but stomach analyses provided little information on segregation of diet between size classes. δ15N and δ13C analyses showed that small lake trout shifted their diet after large lake trout were removed, apparently toward more reliance on offshore zooplankton, which also implies a habitat shift to open water. Thus, we conclude that large lake trout are restricting the dietary habits of small lake trout, a restriction that was removed in an exploited population.
The role of indium-111 white blood cells in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease in patients may be difficult to diagnose because of the complex problems associated with this disease. Radionuclides are able to provide a rapid and effective method of imaging the bowel in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. In the past, clinical work-ups have included barium x-ray studies and endoscopy. Scarring and fistula formation have made it difficult to determine between the active disease and abscesses that may occur. Gallium-67 ( 67 Ga) has been very useful in imaging patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but the multiple-day imaging procedure has been a limitation for the clinicians when achieving a diagnosis. Recent results with Indium-111 ( 111 In)-labeled WBCs have provided excellent correlation between clinical symptoms and colonoscopy findings in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This technique has also allowed the differentiation between reoccurring inflammatory bowel disease and abscesses that accompany the disease within a 24-hour time period. The use of intravenous (IV) glucagon has increased the clarity of the images in the small bowel. Technetium 99m ( 99m Tc) diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) has been used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrating promising results. Investigators feel labelling 99m Tc with WBCs will be improved, therefore yielding a greater efficiency, which will have a major impact on imaging patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Imaging patients with inflammatory bowel disease using radionuclides has yielded promising results. This is a significant advancement over barium radiography and endoscopy exams.
A variational principle for a fluid with a free surface

The full set of equations of motion for the classical water wave problem in Eulerian co-ordinates is obtained from a Lagrangian function which equals the pressure. This Lagrangian is compared with the more usual expression formed from kinetic minus potential energy.
Differential expression of maize chitinases in the presence or absence of Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 and indications of a novel exo- endo-heterodimeric chitinase activity

Background The interaction of plants with endophytic symbiotic fungi in the genus Trichoderma alters the plant proteome and transcriptome and results in enhanced plant growth and resistance to diseases. In a previous study, we identified the numerous chitinolytic enzyme families and individual enzymes in maize which are implicated in plant disease resistance and other plant responses.
Teaching web information retrieval to undergraduates

Courses centered around the field of Web Information Retrieval (IR) and web search are slowly being introduced at the undergraduate level. In this paper, we show how the curriculum for a new undergraduate course on web search engines was developed, and we share our experiences in having students develop their own search engine components from scratch or modify and extend a popular open source search engine. We hope our experiences will be helpful to other Computer Science departments that are looking to develop an undergraduate Web IR course.
Recent development of rechargeable lithium-ion cells at JPL

The objective of this work is to identify electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion cells to be used in NASA's New Millennium spacecraft and to demonstrate the advantage of this technology. Recent progress has shown that the electrode fabrication method plays an important role. The test performance of cells containing these electrodes has led to the selection of graphite anode material, LiCoO/sub 2/ cathode material, Celgard 2500 separator, and 1M LiPF/sub 6/ in (30% EC+70% DMC) electrolyte as base line Li-ion cell materials. In addition, the evaluation of a new alternative noncarbon type anode material in Li-ion cells is also discussed. The authors also applied the Taguchi design method to assist in the identification of key cell design parameters. All of the above factors mentioned, as well as the development of low temperature Li-ion cell systems, are discussed in this paper.
Lawsuits and secondhand smoke

Objective: This paper describes secondhand smoke (SHS) litigation over the past quarter century where non-smoking litigants have prevailed and attempts to decipher trends in the law that may impact the course of future cases. Methods: Since the early 1980s, the author has sought and examined legal cases in which SHS exposure is an important factor. Law library searches using the official reporter system (for example, Shimp v. New Jersey Bell Telephone Co., 368 A.2d 408) have more recently been combined with computerised online searches using LexisNexis and Westlaw. The author has learned of other cases through personal correspondence and from articles in newspapers. Over 420 cases involving exposure to SHS were identified. Each case was reviewed and summarised. Results: Since 1976, the year of the first reported SHS lawsuit, this type of litigation has increased both in number and in scope with increasing success. While it is common for initial cases to lose in a new area where the law eventually evolves, litigants and their lawyers who later bring similar cases can learn from those previous, unsuccessful cases. It is now apparent that the judicial branch has begun to recognise the need to protect the public—especially some of the most vulnerable members of our society—from the serious threat to their health that is exposure to SHS. Conclusions: Successful cases brought on behalf of individuals exposed to SHS produce an additional benefit for the public health by both paving the way for other non-smoking litigants to succeed in their cases and persuading business owners and others voluntarily to make their facilities 100% smoke-free.
Linguistic unification and language rights

L'A. examine la tension entre l'unification linguistique et les droits des langues minoritaires au Nigeria. Il evalue la nature, les causes et les implications de cette tension dans le contexte de l'histoire du pays, du developpement politique et de la situation linguistique
Antipsoriatic drug anthralin induces EGF receptor phosphorylation in keratinocytes: Requirement for H2O2 generation

Even though anthralin is a well-established topical therapeutic agent for psoriasis, little is known about its effects and biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction. In contrast to a previous report, we found that anthralin induced time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor in primary human keratinocytes. Four lines of evidence show that this process is mediated by reactive oxygen species. First, we found that anthralin induces time-dependent generation of H(2)O(2). Second, there is a correlation between a time-dependent increase in anthralin-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and H(2)O(2) generation. Third, the structurally different antioxidants n-propyl gallate and N-acetylcysteine inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation induced by anthralin. Fourth, overexpression of catalase inhibited this process. The epidermal growth factor receptor-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 abrogated anthralin-induced epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. These findings establish the following sequence of events: (1) H(2)O(2) generation, (2) epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation, and (3) extracellular-regulated kinase activation. Our data identify anthralin-induced reactive oxygen species and, more specifically, H(2)O(2) as an important upstream mediator required for ligand-independent epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and downstream signaling.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection prevents detachment of nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells in culture.

In tissue culture, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) cease division, extend neuritic processes and acquire many properties characteristic of neuronal cells. In previous work, we have shown that NGF-differentiated PC12 cells can survive infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and maintain the viral genome in a quiescent but reactivatable state. In this study, we report that uninfected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells uniformly and predictably detach from the culture flask substratum after approximately 7 weeks. Although uninfected cells were uniformly lost from the culture by 7 weeks, surprisingly HSV-1-infected cells survived beyond 10 weeks, the time limit of the study. The detachment of uninfected cells was not the result of cell death or apoptosis, as determined by viability assays performed on cells after detachment. Expression of the HSV-1 latency associated transcript (LAT) gene and virus replication was not necessary for the virus to suppress the ‘detachment’ phenomenon, since NGF-differentiated PC12 cells infected with either wild-type, DNA polymerase mutant or LAT null mutant virus survived in culture for similar lengths of time. Viral gene expression does appear to be necessary for the suppression, however, since cells infected with UV-inactivated virus were lost from culture with kinetics similar to those of uninfected cells. These findings indicate that de novo viral gene synthesis mediates changes to the host NGF-differentiated PC12 cells, which results in prevention of detachment.
Recent Enhancements To Pvm

This paper presents new features of PVM, a popular standard for writing parallel programs that execute over networks of heterogeneous machines. Although PVM has become an important infrastructure for paral lel programmers, we continue to develop the system based both on user feedback and our own research interests. In this paper we present new communica tions routines and briefly characterize their perfor mance. We describe new extensible services that allow advanced users to customize certain aspects of the de fault PVM functionality. An overview of shared-mem ory PVM optimizations is presented. PVM's new trac ing facility and a graphical console that utilizes this capability are described. Finally, we discuss future ex tensions to PVM now under investigation.
Healthy lifestyles and personal responsibility.

The significant and growing cost of health care in the United States has centered attention on avoidable medical expenditures. Hospitals have been a major focus for reducing preventable care, with Medicare imposing financial penalties if a hospital’s 30-day all-cause readmission rate for heart
Pharmacogenetic candidate genes for melanoma

The incidence of melanoma is rising at an alarming rate and has become an important public health concern. If detected early, melanoma carries an excellent prognosis after appropriate surgical resection. Unfortunately, advanced melanoma has a poor prognosis and is notoriously resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. The relative resistance of melanoma to a wide-range of chemotherapeutic agents and high toxicity of current therapies has prompted a search for effective alternative treatments that would improve prognosis and limit side effects. Advances in molecular genetics are revealing in increasing detail the mechanisms responsible for the development of melanoma. Hopefully, elucidation of these pathways will provide a means of screening high-risk individuals and allow new drug development for prevention and treatment by identification of specific pharmacological targets. This review will summarize the genetics of melanoma with the goal of providing insights into potential pharmacogenetic candidate genes.
High Temperature Ductility Minimum in Rapidly Solidified Ni3Al — B

The elevated temperature mechanical properties of rapidly solidified, boron doped Ni 3 Al have been investigated. Melt spun ribbon, plasma deposits and HIP'ped powder were tested with the same general results. It was found that the boron doped, rapidly solidified alloy exhibits an increasing flow stress with increasing temperature similar to that reported for conventionally cast Ni 3 Al. In addition, the rapidly solidified alloys exhibited a severe ductility minimum in the range 500–750C. The ductility minimum is relatively insensitive to both boron and aluminum concentration, but the embrittlement onset temperature changes with processing and testing parameters. In all cases, the onset of the ductility drop coincides with the onset of the decrease of the flow stress. It is postulated that this behavior is due to a change in the flow mechanism at elevated temperature to one that is associated with grain boundary stress concentration.
Cocrystal controlled solid-state synthesis of a rigid tetracarboxylate ligand that pillars both square grid and Kagomé lattice layers

[Cu2(carboxylate)4] paddlewheel molecular building blocks, MBBs, are capable of generating square grid or Kagome lattice supramolecular isomers when dicarboxylates such as 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate (1,3-bdc) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) are exploited to link the paddlewheel MBBs. In this contribution we demonstrate that it is possible to use a solvent-free reaction (cocrystal controlled solid-state synthesis) to prepare a tetracarboxylic acid, H44BIPA-TC, formed by rigidly linking two 1,3-bdc moieties at the 5-position. BIPA-TC can pillar both square grid and Kagome lattice supramolecular isomers, thereby generating nets that exhibit lvt or nbo topologies, respectively.
Evolution of a multidisciplinary cerebrovascular center: lessons learned

The Cerebrovascular Center at the Cleveland Clinic is an integrated, multidisciplinary center comprising vascular neurologists, neurointensivists, physiatrists, open and endovascular neurosurgeons, interventional neurologists and interventional neuroradiologists administered through a single financial center with unified governance and leadership. This report describes the history and evolution of the center from conceptualization to the present, as well as outlining lessons learned in the formation and maturation of the group.
Incidence and aetiology of perioperative hypertension

The reported incidence of perioperative hypertension associated with coronary artery bypass-graft (CABG) surgery ranges from 30-80%, which may reflect the various definitions of the condition as well as differences in the patients' preoperative states. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures are variously used to define perioperative hypertension, but absolute values range from a target systolic blood pressure of below 170 mmHg in some studies to below 110 mmHg in others. Patients' preoperative states have been extensively studied to determine potential risk factors. The majority of these studies indicate that perioperative hypertension is predictive of perioperative cardiac morbidity, but others do not confirm this finding, rendering the issue unresolved. The consequences of perioperative hypertensive episodes include bleeding from vascular suture lines, cerebrovascular haemorrhage or subendocardial ischaemia, and are associated with a mortality rate that may approach 50%. Increases in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), caused by elevated levels of circulating catecholamines, appear to be the primary aetiology. Antihypertensive agents which correct or prevent the increase in PVR would appear to be the most appropriate therapy. However, no single agent appears to be ideal for all hypertensive episodes, suggesting multiple potential aetiologies.
Effects of large-scale gold mining on migratory behavior of a large herbivore

Loss of migratory corridors has been identified as an important ecological issue among species that exhibit long-distance migration worldwide. Increased mineral exploration and development has raised the level of concern over the protection of terrestrial migration routes for ungulates. Mineral exploration and other types of development may adversely affect migratory corridors for large herbivores, but little is known about functional effects on migratory behavior and resource selection. To address these important questions we examined movement patterns and resource selection to understand the effects of an operating gold mine on migratory pathways of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). We captured and applied radio collars to female mule deer (n = 43) on the migratory pathway and in the proximity of an active mine in the Ruby Mountains of eastern Nevada. We used Brownian Bridge Movement Models to delineate stopover sites for each individual during both the autumn and spring migrations. We calculated linear ...
Testing shock absorbers: Towards a faster parallelizable algorithm

Cars are equipped with shock absorbers, which are designed to smooth out the shocks on the road. In practice, there is a need to test them. To test the shock absorbers, we need to estimate the values of the shock absorber's parameters. If we did not have any measurement errors, then two measurements would be sufficient to determine the parameters. However, in reality, there are measurement errors. Usually, in engineering practice, it is assumed that the errors are normally distributed with 0 mean, so we can use least squares method to test it. In practice, we often only know the upper bound on the measurement errors, so we have interval uncertainty. In principle, the problem of determining the parameters of the shock absorber under interval uncertainty can be solved by reducing it to several linear programming problems. However, linear programming problems take a reasonably long time O(n3.5). A natural way to speed up computations is to parallelize the algorithm. However, it is known that linear programming is provably the most difficult problem to parallelize. So instead, we propose a new algorithm for finding ranges for shock absorber's parameters, an algorithm which is not only faster but also easy-to-parallelize.
Retrospective analysis of systemic chemotherapy and total parenteral nutrition for the treatment of malignant small bowel obstruction

Malignant small bowel obstruction (MSBO) that does not resolve with conservative measures frequently leaves few treatment options other than palliative care. This single-institution retrospective study assesses the outcomes of a more aggressive approach-concurrent systemic chemotherapy and total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-in the treatment of MSBO. The MD Anderson pharmacy database was queried to identify patients who received concurrent systemic chemotherapy and TPN between 2005 and 2013. Only patients with MSBO secondary to peritoneal carcinomatosis requiring TPN for ≥8 days were included. Survival and multivariate analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models. The study included 82 patients. MSBO resolution was observed in 10 patients. Radiographic assessments showed a response to chemotherapy in 19 patients; 6 of these patients experienced MSBO resolution. Patients spent an average of 38% of their remaining lives hospitalized, and 28% of patients required admission to the intensive care unit. In multivariate modeling, radiographic response to chemotherapy correlated with MSBO resolution (odds ratio [OR] 6.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-27.85, P = 0.007). Median overall survival (OS) was 3.1 months, and the 1-year OS rate was 12.6%. Radiographic response to chemotherapy (HR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.16-0.56, P < 0.001), and initiation of new chemotherapy during TPN (HR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.94, P = 0.026) independently predicted for longer OS. Concurrent treatment with systemic chemotherapy and TPN for persistent MSBO results in low efficacy and a high morbidity and mortality, and thus should not represent a standard approach.
Shear and Biaxial Extension Measurements of Reinforcement from in-situ Precipitated Silica

Abstract Elastomeric networks were prepared by tetrafunctionally end-linking hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chains and were then filled by the in-situ precipitation of silica. The resulting networks were investigated in shear and biaxial extension. The method employed to produce large shears was to stretch a short, wide strip between two clamps. The deformation produced in this way is pure shear; simple shear was calculated directly from the pure-shear data. Biaxial extension measurements were carried out by inflation of circular sheets of the networks. Compared to the unfilled networks, the silica-filled samples showed large reinforcing effects. Specifically, their values of the modulus, ultimate strength, and rupture energy increase significantly. The results thus indicate that the PDMS networks filled by the in-situ precipitation of silica have good mechanical properties, not only in uniaxial elongation, but in shear and biaxial extension as well.
Noise characteristics of CT perfusion imaging: how does noise propagate from source images to final perfusion maps?

Cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is playing an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic strokes. Meanwhile, the reliability of CTP-based ischemic lesion detection has been challenged due to the noisy appearance and low signal-to-noise ratio of CTP maps. To reduce noise and improve image quality, a rigorous study on the noise transfer properties of CTP systems is highly desirable to provide the needed scientific guidance. This paper concerns how noise in the CTP source images propagates to the final CTP maps. Both theoretical deviations and subsequent validation experiments demonstrated that, the noise level of background frames plays a dominant role in the noise of the cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps. This is in direct contradiction with the general belief that noise of non-background image frames is of greater importance in CTP imaging. The study found that when radiation doses delivered to the background frames and to all non-background frames are equal, lowest noise variance is achieved in the final CBV maps. This novel equality condition provides a practical means to optimize radiation dose delivery in CTP data acquisition: radiation exposures should be modulated between background frames and non-background frames so that the above equality condition is satisinAed. For several typical CTP acquisition protocols, numerical simulations and in vivo canine experiment demonstrated that noise of CBV can be effectively reduced using the proposed exposure modulation method.
Effect of Diameter on Electron Field Emission of Carbon Nanotube Bundles

Arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotunbe (CNT) bundles were fabricated on silicon [100] substrate with iron-nitrate sol-gel catalyst patterned via standard photolithographic techniques. Nanotube bundles with diameters ranging from 400µm to 15µm were grown in a chemical vapor deposition reactor and electrically characterized using a scanning-anode probe apparatus. Results showed a relatively low number of graphitic layers in individual nanotubes and a definite increase in field emission performance with decreasing bundle diameter. A 400µm wide matt of CNTs yielded a turn-on field of 6.7 V/µm and field enhancement of 602 while 15µm bundles performed significantly better with turn-on fields of 1.6 V/µm and field enhancement factors of 2425. The overall trend strongly suggests that the field emission character of CNT based aggregate structures such as those presented here is proportional to their aspect ratio.
Rapid Mission Planning for Aircraft Thermal Management

Differential equations are derived based on the principles of the conservation of mass and energy for an aircraft that recirculates fuel through heat exchangers to manage heat loads. Several of these differential equations are solved analytically for special cases that arise over major segments of the aircraft mission. The resulting algebraic equations can be solved sequentially to estimate the temperature of the fuel at points of interest in the system. Each differential equation solution represents the transition of the temperature states over intervals of time where mass flow and heating rates are constant. These algebraic equations are expected to be useful for rapidly computing solutions to aircraft thermal management planning problems as they eliminate the need for numerical integration over over the corresponding mission segments. Planning problems are therefore transformed from difficult boundary value problems involving differential equations to nonlinear root finding problems involving algebraic equations. An example planning problem is solved to demonstrate the viability of the approach.
Aeroelastic stability analysis of a high-energy turbine blade

The dynamic analysis for the SSME HPOTP first stage turbine blade is presented wherein the rotor aeroelastic stability is assessed. The method employs normal modes analysis to simulate the coupled blade/fluid system. A three-dimensional finite element model of the blade is used in conjunction with a two-dimensional linearized unsteady aerodynamic theory which accounts for steady aerodynamic loading effects. This unsteady aerodynamic model is applied in stacked axisymmetric strips along the airfoil span. The blade dynamic and aerodynamic behaviors are coupled within modal space by expressing the unsteady aerodynamic forces in the frequency domain. A complex eigenvalue problem is solved to determine the stability of the rotor assuming tuned blades. The present analysis indicates that the HPOTP rotor experiences very low aerodynamic damping in the first four vibrational modes. The edgewise mode was found to be dynamically unstable. This mode of the blade became stable when the effect of mechanical damping was considered.
The Influence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Tuberization of Potatoes

At the turn of the century Bernard suggested that mycorrhizal fung may increase tuberization in solanaceous species (1). French investi gators undertook a number of studies to demonstrate the phenomenon their works are reviewed by Rayner (11). However, definitive conclusions could not be drawn, owing to inadequate methods and unavailability of pure fungal inoculum. Furthermore, as pointed out by Harley (6), soil solutions rich in soluble nutrients usually induce asymbiotic tuberization when potatoes are grown in artificial culture facilities, i.e., nutrient formulations aimed at optimal balances in field applications variably affected tuberization in hydroponic systems.
Moisés y los magos según Buenaventura, Pedro Abelardo y Algazel

In the Bible the magicians could duplicate Aaron’s feat of turning a rod into a serpent. Bonaventure claims that the serpents are not the effect of direct divine intervention. Peter Abelard claims that this story shows we do not really know how to distinguish miracles from magic happenings. On the other hand, in the Qur’ân the magicians do not really manage to duplicate Moses’ feat: they only produce fake serpents. Yet, al-Ghazâli too does not wish to put much weight on this miracle, precisely because of the general diffi culty of distinguishing miracles from magic.
Bringing Sanctuary to School: Assessing School Climate as a Foundation for Culturally Responsive Trauma-Informed Approaches for Urban Schools:

Decades of federal economic policies that have concentrated poverty into isolated communities have devastated urban education, and expose youth and families to high stress and trauma. Disproportion...
Abstract P6-07-08: Androgen receptor (AR) mutations in a cohort of patients with breast cancer (BC) who have undergone tumor genomic profiling

Background: AR mutations have been described as a mechanism of resistance to AR antagonists in prostate cancer. There are limited data regarding the presence of AR mutations in breast cancer. We aim to describe the presence of tumor AR mutations in a cohort of patients (pts) with breast cancer who are candidates for targeted cancer therapy, who underwent tumor genomic profiling as part of a clinical trial at MSK (NCT01775072). Methods: MSK-IMPACT is a targeted tumor sequencing assay capable of detecting mutations and other critical genetic aberrations in 410 cancer genes; these data are available through an institutional database. Following IRB approval and using an electronic medical record, we examined the subset of pts in this database with breast cancer for the presence of AR mutations and performed a chart review for clinicopathologic features and outcomes. Statistics are descriptive. Results: As of 03JUN2015, 628 of 4,379 samples that underwent MSK-IMPACT testing since 2012 were from invasive breast cancers. 6 of 628 (1%) harbored AR mutations (Table 1), none of which contribute to a reported or predicted functional alteration. Patient/tumor characteristics are shown in Table 2. Five out of 6 patients recurred between 7.4 and 117.4 months (mo) from the date of initial diagnosis. One patient is without disease recurrence at 3.9mo from diagnosis at date of last contact, 7.9mo ago. Conclusions: AR mutations were uncommon in this dataset of 628 breast cancers. Similarly, TCGA sequencing data has revealed only 12 invasive breast cancers with AR mutations (2.2% of 973 samples). The functional significance of these mutations has not been demonstrated. As tissue from therapeutic studies using AR antagonists for the treatment of breast cancer become available, mutations or amplification in AR may be more readily identified as a potential mechanism of resistance to AR-targeted therapy. Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge the members of the Molecular Diagnostics Service in the Department of Pathology and the Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology. Citation Format: Gucalp A, Proverbs-Singh TA, Razavi P, Chandarlapaty S, Patil S, Ross DS, Zehir A, Baselga J, Hudis CA, Traina TA. Androgen receptor (AR) mutations in a cohort of patients with breast cancer (BC) who have undergone tumor genomic profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-07-08.
Endocrine Interactions and the Placenta

Clearly a major endocrine organ in its own right, the placenta is known to produce de novo at least three protein hormones that may be considered analogues of pituitary hormones and, drawing on precursors from mother and fetus, at least such steroid hormones as estrogens and progesterone. The full picture is only now beginning to be drawn, however, and much remains to be learned of the physiologic roles played by the substances the placenta elaborates.
Clinical signs and symptoms requiring computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation.

A summary of some of the clinically important symptoms and signs relating to disease of the afferent visual pathways, motility, and the orbit are presented. Common disorders are discussed in the context of choosing a neuroimaging study. Specific findings (e.g., pupillary abnormalities, types of nystagmus, visual field patterns) that may affect the type of study and the anatomic area that is imaged are emphasized.
KSHV suppression of vascular endothelial cell biomarkers

B109 Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus also known as KSHV or Human Herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8) is the proposed etiological agent of KS. KS is characterized as an angioproliferative tumor of vascular endothelial cells and produces rare B cell lymphoproliferative diseases in the form of primary effusion lymphomas (PEL) and some forms of Multicentric Castleman’s Disease (MDC). KSHV is a member of the Gammaherpesvirinae belonging to the genus Rhadinivirus and is the only gamma 2 herpesvirus that infects humans. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV4) a gamma 1 herpesvirus and is the closest related human herpesvirus. In vivo analysis of archival KS tissue demonstrates that only 1-5% of infected cells are undergoing lytic cycle replication at any given time during the progression of KS disease. It is believed that paracrine effects along with expression of angioproliferative genes encoded by virus accounts in part for the establishment of KS. The prevalence of KS in HIV/AIDS is directly related to the patient state of immune suppression however KSHV like many other viruses that produce latent and persistent infections have evolved to suppressed specific components of the immune response. KSHV infection of dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC) and suppression of DMVEC cell biomarkers is likely to play a critical role in cell development, immune cell transmigration, tissue organization and cancer metastasis. An understanding of immune evasion strategies by the virus is essential for development of novel therapeutic modalities in the treatment of KS and its associated lymphoproliferative disorders. The overall goal of this study is to examine how KSHV modifies the expression profile of specific adhesion molecules (ADMs) expressed on vascular endothelial cells that would allow it to circumvent immune defenses and persist in a latent state and to determine how this persist infection over time contributes to immune dysfunction and tumorigenesis. In this study, we performed dual labeled immunoflorescent staining on KSHV infected DMVEC cells and dual labeled immunohistochemical staining of archival KS tissue from HIV infected patients and we show global suppression of endothelial cells biomarkers namely PECAM-1/CD31, Von Willebrand factor, VE Cadherin (CD144), VCAM-1 (CD106) and Beta catenin. We have also observed by western blot analysis reductions in total protein levels for these endothelial cell (EC) biomarkers in infected cells. In addition, we have made use of the bacterial artificial chromosome BAC36/Hyg that encodes the entire KSHV genome and produces replication competent virus in transfected DMVEC. Using Hyper Mu transpositional mutagenesis of the BAC36/Hyg plasmid we have developed a strategy that will allow us to identify the associated viral genes responsible for biomarker suppression in vascular endothelial cells. These studies will help to better understand the mechanisms involved in the overall immune evasion program of KSHV that contributes to viral persistence and tumor progression.
Applications of High Resolution Laser Spectroscopy

The advent of high monochromatic tunable laser sources has stimulated important advances in optical spectroscopy, as documented by several recent good reviews [1–3].
From Genotype to Phenotype: Nonsense Variants in SLC13A1 Are Associated with Decreased Serum Sulfate and Increased Serum Aminotransferases

Using genomic applications to glean insights into human biology, we systematically searched for nonsense single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that are rare in the general population but enriched in the Old Order Amish (Amish) due to founder effect. We identified two nonlinked, nonsense SNVs (R12X and W48X) in SLC13A1 (allele frequencies 0.29% and 0.74% in the Amish; enriched 1.2-fold and 3.7-fold, compared to the outbred Caucasian population, respectively). SLC13A1 encodes the apical sodium-sulfate cotransporter (NaS1) responsible for sulfate (re)absorption in the kidneys and intestine. SLC13A1 R12X and W48X were independently associated with a 27.6% (P = 2.7 × 10(-8)) and 27.3% (P = 6.9 × 10(-14)) decrease in serum sulfate, respectively (P = 8.8 × 10(-20) for carriers of either SLC13A1 nonsense SNV). We further performed the first exome- and genome-wide association study (ExWAS/GWAS) of serum sulfate and identified a missense variant (L348P) in SLC26A1, which encodes the basolateral sulfate-anion transporter (Sat1), that was associated with decreased serum sulfate (P = 4.4 × 10(-12)). Consistent with sulfate's role in xenobiotic detoxification and protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, SLC13A1 nonsense SNV carriers had higher aminotransferase levels compared to noncarriers. Furthermore, SLC26A1 L348P was associated with lower whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) and higher serum calcium, consistent with the osteochondrodysplasia exhibited by dogs and sheep with naturally occurring, homozygous, loss-of-function mutations in Slc13a1 This study demonstrates the power and translational potential of systematic identification and characterization of rare, loss-of-function variants and warrants additional studies to better understand the importance of sulfate in human physiology, disease, and drug toxicity.
Gliding Hump Properties in Abstract Duality Pairs with Projections

Let E, G be Hausdorff topological vector spaces and let F be a vector space. Assume there is a bilinear operator : E X F →G such that : E →G is continuous for every y £ F. The triple E, F, G is called an abstract duality pair with respect to G or an abstract triple and is denoted by (E,F : G). If {Pj} is a sequence of continuous projections on E, then (E,F : G) is called an abstract triple with projections. Under appropriate gliding hump assumptions, a uniform bounded principle is established for bounded subsets ofE and pointwise bounded subsets of F. Under additional gliding hump assumptions, uniform convergent results are established for series ∑ ∞ j=1 when x varies over certain subsets of E and y varies over certain subsets of F. These results are used to establish uniform countable additivity results for bounded sets of indefinite vector valued integrals and bounded subsets of vector valued measures.
E-Resource Round Up: Robert E. Wolverton, Jr. and Karen Davidson

Welcome to another edition of E-Resource Round Up! This issue's column covers a diverse set of topics related to libraries and electronic resources: E-resource troubleshootingIntroduction to ACRL's...
Role of innate immune mechanisms in drug disposition

A of innate immune components such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)s during diseases such as infectious diseases, cancer, metabolic diseases and liver disorders are associated with disruptions in metabolism and clearance of drugs. Impairment of drug metabolism/clearance can cause adverse effects of drugs. Thus, understanding the mechanism by which TLRs disrupt drug metabolism is important to develop effective strategies to prevent undesirable effects of drugs in patients with activated immune responses. Drug disposition is regulated by drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters primarily present in the liver. We have previously shown that activation of TLRs reduce the expression of DME/transporter genes. Expression of these genes is regulated by basal transcription factors as well as by nuclear receptors which bind to the promoters of these genes. We hypothesize that activation of TLRs recruit downstream adaptor proteins, leading to induction of cell-signaling components (c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κΒ) to reduce the expression of nuclear receptors leading to reduced expression of DMEs/transporter genes. We determined the role of the bacterial receptors, TLR2 (for gram-positive bacteria) and TLR4 (for gram-negative bacteria), their downstream adaptor proteins (TIRAP and TRIF), cell-signaling components and nuclear receptors in the regulation of DMEs/transporters. Pharmacokinetc and pharmacodynamic studies with clinically-relevant medications were also performed. These studies establish the role of innate immune components as novel regulators of drug metabolism/ clearance. These regulators can be targeted to prevent or reduce the undesirable effects of drugs in patients. Romi Ghose, J Clin Cell Immunol 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.S1.013
Application to Gene Therapy and Vaccination

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases represent a class of complex disorders for which cures have been largely unmet due to the general lack of knowledge regarding underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Gene-based therapies directed at ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases exhibit great potential due to rapid scientific advances made regarding delivery modalities, neurosurgical methods, neuroimaging, and molecular biological manipulation. Given these breakthroughs, the diseased CNS presents a neuroimmunological challenge as gene delivery many times requires invasive surgical procedures and a majority of the gene delivery platforms incite transient, and sometimes, inflammatory events that possess the potential to exacerbate disease-related processes. In this chapter, we will discuss the most current literature on gene therapy for CNS disorders by detailing the neuroimmunological profiles of presently available gene transfer platforms, approaches that have been made to minimize vector-mediated inflammation, and current state of gene therapy clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases.