cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Placebo Induction in Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (P4.258)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the importance of placebo induction in successfully capturing Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Events (PNEE). BACKGROUND A significant proportion of Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) admissions are for the purpose of diagnosing PNEE. While a diagnosis of PNEE can at times be reliably made based upon Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and patient history, the most reliable way to confirm the diagnosis is to capture an actual event on video and EEG during the EMU stay. For that reason, some EMU facilities employ a technique known as induction, in which placebo methods are used to elicit PNEE. While inductions are commonly performed, however, they are not universally used in all EMUs. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to show the importance of inductions by determining what percentage of patients who had PNEE during their EMU stay would not have had them had it not been for induction. DESIGN/METHODS EMU reports of 51 patients who were admitted to our EMU between 3/5/2013 and 10/4/2013 were retrospectively analyzed The inductions performed in our EMU were brief (5-10 minute) placebo procedures utilizing verbal suggestion often combined with simultaneous photic stimulation and hyperventilation. RESULTS 32 patients had PNEE while in the EMU. Of these 32 patients, 8 patients (25%) had PNEE that only occurred during induction. CONCLUSIONS From our observational retrospective study, 25% of patients that had PNEE while in the EMU had the PNEE during induction only. Therefore, 25% of the patients that had PNEE in the EMU would not have had them had it not been for induction, and therefore these patients would have had a less solidified diagnosis. This helps shed some light on the diagnostic importance of placebo induction, a brief and non-invasive procedure. Disclosure: Dr. Yassin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Masel has nothing to disclose.
Greek sports, games and festivals before the eighth century B.C. /

Greek sports, games and festivals before the eighth century B.C، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Enumeration of (16,4,16,4) Relative Difference Sets

A complete enumeration of relative difference sets (RDS) with parameters $(16,4,16,4)$ in a group of order 64 with a normal subgroup $N$ of order 4 is given. If $N=Z_4$, three of the 11 abelian groups of order 64, and 23 of the 256 nonabelian groups of order 64 contain $(16,4,16,4)$ RDSs. If $N=Z_2 \times Z_2$, nine of the abelian groups and 194 of the non-abelian groups of order 64 contain $(16,4,16,4)$ RDSs.
Assessment of reproductive risk in nonpregnant women.

Abstract A method of assessing reproductive risk in nonpregnant women is presented, with a discussion of evidence supporting the relationship of age, parity, medical and obstetric history, birth interval, and socioeconomic status to maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. It is suggested that the adeption of a reliable contraceptive method by high-risk nonpregnant women could significantly improve their health, reduce the frequency of reproductive failure, and lead to a reduction in infant and maternal mortality and morbidity.
La naturaleza de la representación en Nueva España y México

Como parte de la Monarquia espanola, de dimensiones mundiales, Nueva Espana tuvo una larga y progresiva tradicion de representacion que inicio tempranamente y que alcanzo su apogeo con la Constitucion de 1812. Las ciudades, o los pueblos, y las Cortes eran los factores dominantes en la politica de Castilla durante el periodo de conquista y colonizacion del Nuevo Mundo. En las Indias las ciudades y los pueblos, incluyendo las republicas de indios, adquirieron con el tiempo el papel de importantes actores politicos, representando a sus constituyentes. Bien que nunca se constituyeron formalmente Cortes en Nueva Espana, varias otras formas de representacion emergieron durante los siglos XVI y XVII. Las reformas borbonicas ampliaron la representacion. Sin embargo, la transformacion mas grande ocurrio cuando la Constitucion de Cadiz emancipo virtualmente a todos los hombres adultos e introdujo un gobierno representativo en tres niveles –el ayuntamiento constitucional, la diputacion provincial y las Cortes. El nuevo sistema constitucional se introdujo de manera mas completa en Nueva Espana que en cualquier otra parte de la Monarquia espanola. Como resultado, se convirtio en la base del desarrollo constitucional mexicano. La Constitucion mexicana de 1824 se basa en la Constitucion de Cadiz que habia sido escrita por distinguidos legisladores novohispanos, entre otros.
Photoassociation intensities and radiative trap loss in lithium

We interpret measurements of photoassociative spectroscopy in a gas of lithium atoms at ultralow temperatures in which photons are absorbed into high vibrational levels of excited electronic singlet and triplet states of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}.$ The excited vibrational levels decay by spontaneous emission into the vibrational continuum and the discrete vibrational levels of the ground singlet and lowest triplet electronic states. Spontaneous emission into discrete levels produces molecules that are no longer trapped, and decay into the vibrational continuum can produce atoms with sufficient kinetic energy to escape the trap. We present values of the efficiencies of trap loss by radiative excitation as a function of the trap depth for individual excited vibrational levels of the singlet and triplet states of the ${}^{6}{\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$ and ${}^{7}{\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$ molecules.
Radiative ignition in a planar medium

Abstract Radiative ignition in a planar, gray, absorbing-emitting, isotropically scattering medium with volumetric Arrhenius heat generation is studied. The integral equation for the radiation source function is solved by a quadrature technique that includes subtracting out the singularity. Because the heat generation is temperature dependent, the integral equation is nonlinear, and an iterative solution procedure is used. Multi-solution behavior similar to that which causes ignition in a conduction problem is found when the dimensionless activation energy exceeds 7.5. The heat generation rate must be greater than a critical value in order for ignition to occur. An approximation of the critical heat generation is presented. The critical heat generation depends on the optical thickness of the slab, the single scattering albedo, and the dimensionless activation energy. The effect of the three parameters on the critical heat generation is investigated.
Radioiodination via isotope exchange in pivalic acid

A variety of benzoic and aryl aliphatic mono and polyiodinated acids and esters (sterol, triglyceride) were radioiodinated in 55–99% radiochemical yield by isotope exchange with Na 125I in a melt of pivalic acid. In general, the reaction was complete in 1 h at 155°C with little or no substrate decompostion. High specific activity studies afforded 125I-labeled iopanoic acid with a specific activity of over 700 Ci/mmol.
A conveneint synthesis of 1‐substituted‐2,5(4H)‐piperazinediones

1-Substituted-2,5(4H)-piperazinediones are prepared by the Michael addition of acrylonitrile and methyl-acrylate and glycylglycine, DL-alanyl-DL-alanine and DL-alanyl-DL-phenylalanine followed by cyclohydration in refluxing xylenes.
A study of the Iceland-Faeroe Front using GEOSAT altimetry and current-following drifters

Abstract In this study we investigate the utility of GEOSAT altimetry for monitoring the Iceland-Faeroe frontal zone. Since an expected dynamic topography relief of 10–20 cm over the Iceland-Faeroe Front (IFF) was not much above the 10 cm uncertainty in GEOSAT observations, validation by AVHRR imagery and satellite-tracked drifters constituted an important part of the experiment. Sea Surface Height (SSH) relief of greater than 20 cm occurred a long the western side of the IFF and along the eastern side, north of the Shetland Islands. However, with SSH relief of only 10–15 cm in the central region of the IFF, substantial difficulties were encountered in the ability to unambiguously monitor the location of the front. In contrast, frontal meanders with 20–30 cm SSH relief, current speeds up to 50 cm s−1 and radii of curvature of 25 km, were clearly observed on three occasions during the 2 year study. These meanders first appeared north of the Faeroe Islands, in the region from 6 to 8°W, and propagated southeastward at speeds of about 3.3 km day−1, being lost from view in the Faeroe-Shetland Channel. Their strong signals and lifetimes of 2–3 months would appear to make them important constituents of IFF dynamics.
Quantifying and correcting for contamination of PLIF images due to background signals

A method for quantifying and correcting background signals due to back reflections in planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images is presented. It is shown that reflections of fluorescence off back walls can falsely elevate the signal in a PLIF image. A model for these back reflections is presented, and this model is used to generate a kernel with which images are corrected via direct inverse filtering. The correction method is demonstrated on PLIF images acquired in a static cell: first, background signals are quantified in a static cell by blocking portions of the beam and measuring the fluorescence signal in regions of the image where there is no fluorescence; second, a background correction kernel is generated by recovering the uncontaminated signal via direct inverse filtering. Finally, the method is extended to correct PLIF imaging of supersonic flowfields where large signal gradients exist across a shock wave. The correction is shown to improve agreement between measured expected signal levels on the stagnation line of supersonic flow around a 2D blunt body.
Differential pulse polarographic determination of colchicine

A differential pulse polarographic method for the analysis of colchicine-containing dosage forms is described. The reduction of the tropolone carbonyl is useful for quantitative analysis in that the relationship of the colchicine concentration to the current is linear over the concentration range of 0 to ∼50 ∼g/ml, with a slight negative deviation at higher concentration. The procedure involves no preliminary treatment, is simple and specific, and is applicable to the assay of composite tablets, individual tablets, and injectable solutions. Polarography is conducted on a solution of colchicine in pH 1.81 Britton–Robinson buffer with 0.01% alkylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol. The quantitative analysis is achieved using the method of standard addition. A relative standard deviation of 3.2% was obtained for tablets. The results agree with those obtained using the USP XIX method.
Electrophoretic Study of Glutathione Reductase in Human Erythrocytes and Leucocytes

THE question of whether the activities of NADPH—or NADH—glutathione reductase are caused by a single enzyme or by two different enzymes has never been satisfactorily resolved1–4. We have devised a new method for detecting glutathione reductase (GSSGR) activity after starch gel electrophoresis. The study of subjects with an electrophoretically fast mutant glutathione reductase has enabled us to present findings which strongly favour the suggestion that glutathione reductase activities with respect to both pyridine nucleotide coenzymes reside in the same molecule. Some observations have also been made in glutathione reductase deficient and NADH-diaphorase (NADH methaemoglobin oxido-reductase) deficient subjects.
The effect of adaptation on taste jnds

The jnd for 0.1 M NaCl was measured under two different adapting conditions. Following adaptation to HOH the jnd was 0.009 M and after 0.1 M adaptation it was .018 M. The implications of this change in sensitivity with differing adaptation for Beidler’s theory are discussed.
Experimental characterization of CVOC removal from fractured clay during boiling

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the mass transport of a chlorinated volatile organic compound (CVOC) at boiling temperatures in low permeability clays where 20–100% of the pore water was removed. A kaolin clay matrix saturated with water containing 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA) and bromide (Br−) was packed into two columnar cells, a rigid-wall and a flexible-wall tube, which created different external boundary conditions. Both cells were heated to boiling temperatures and the recovered outflow was condensed and analyzed for DCA and bromide, and the clay remaining in the cell was cooled and analyzed for water and DCA content. Clay in the vertically oriented rigid-wall cell was heated to 130 °C with a power density of ∼80 kW/m3 and then depressurized at its upper end. DCA was nearly completely removed in approximately 15 min after 0.3 of pore volume water was recovered. The recovered condensate was enriched to more than 10 times the DCA concentration of the pore water. The flexible-wall cells were heated to 110 °C with a lower power density of ∼44 kW/m3. These tests resulted in slower recovery rates, and condensate concentrations that were approximately twice the pore concentration of DCA. The concentration of DCA in the clay was reduced by two orders of magnitude after approximately 0.5 of the pore volume was removed. Boiling was inferred to occur within the clay matrix because (a) DCA concentrations were enriched; (b) pressure and temperature conditions in the clay intersected the saturated vapor pressure curve; (c) Br− was absent from all but the initial outflow; (d) change in DCA and water content was roughly uniformly distributed over the length of the cell. Fractures appeared to have formed during heating, increasing the permeability, dropping the internal pressure and enabling stripping of DCA during boiling.
Onward to the Past

East Asian Science, Technology and Society East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal (2014) 8:479–481 DOI 10.1215/18752160-2820019 Onward to the Past Geoffrey C. Bowker q Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan 2014 What a wonderful set of articles this is to think with. They frame the issue of what it means to archive knowledge, to classify multiplicity, at this point in time. Both the Indian creation of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) and the Chinese drive to systematize ethnic knowledge confront immediate aporias. In order for the TKDL to do its work, it must assume categories recognizable by, in the first instance, the European Patent Office. For the Chinese project to succeed, over- lapping heterogeneous modes of treating the body must be coalesced into clear ethnic clusters. Each exercise is historiographically deep and an exquisite instrument for understanding the present. Let us start with the issue of justice. These four articles describe an attempt to achieve justice through archiving. For the (postcolonial) colonizers—led by big Pharma—have indeed endeavored to prospect knowledge out of those countries whose raw materials they can no longer pillage. Each project is about making a statement in the present. But how does one make statements in this present? Gilles Deleuze, working through his reading of Michel Foucault, published in 1972 a tract entitled Un nouvel archiviste. In it, he imagines making up an archive of utterances (e´nonce´s)—those things that can be said within a given discursive regime. These are not individual sentences or propositions that can proliferate infinitely: they are a primitive and very finite set of available modalities of discourse. When in the world of indigenous knowl- edge, a common utterance is to say: “We knew this substance had this effect before you, and therefore we have rights to it.” Each term here is charged, as so beautifully adumbrated in these articles; here I will concentrate on the first two words, out of which the rest of the utterance unfolds. “We knew.” Farquhar and Lai, partly following Thomas Mullaney (2011), talk of the construction and touristic commercialization of ethnic categories in China where earlier there sometimes were only loose groupings. It is these categories of people created in the present who were then the knowers. Or, as Zhen and Hu put it, “The ancient and the modern are artificially divided, and a linear, homogenous (and thus unhistorical) genealogy of modern nationality medical knowledge is constructed” (this issue, 475). For them, the “we” who knew is created out of a false divide between the past production and current recognition of knowledge by (constructed) national- G. C. Bowker (*) University of California, Irvine Published by Duke University Press
Functional response models for intraclass correlation coefficients

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) are employed in a wide range of behavioral, biomedical, psychosocial, and health care related research for assessing reliability of continuous outcomes. The linear mixed-effects model (LMM) is the most popular approach for inference about the ICC. However, since LMM is a normal distribution-based model and non-normal data are the norm rather than the exception in most studies, its applications to real study data always beg the question of inference validity. In this paper, we propose a distribution-free alternative to provide robust inference based on the functional response models. We illustrate the performance of the new approach using both real and simulated data.
A STARCH GRAIN‐MITOCHONDRION‐DICTYOSOME ASSOCIATION IN BATRACHOSPERMUM(RHODOPHYTA)1

In Batrachospermum sirodotii Skuja the dictyosome-mitochondrion association, commonly reported in other red algae, includes a floridean starch grain during periods of intense dictyosomal activity. Such an organellar assemblage may serve to provide the most efficient means of energy flow during periods of peak dictyosomal activity.
Hereditary optic neuropathies: from the mitochondria to the optic nerve.

Purpose To review our current knowledge of inherited optic neuropathies. Design Perspective. Methods Literature review. Results The hereditary optic neuropathies consist of a group of disorders in which optic nerve dysfunction figures solely or prominently and direct inheritance is clinically or genetically proven. The most common of these disorders are autosomal dominant optic atrophy (Kjers' disease) and maternally-inherited Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Other inherited neurologic and systemic syndromic diseases will frequently manifest optic neuropathy. A selective vulnerability of the optic nerve to perturbations in mitochondrial function may underlie a final common pathway among these disorders. Conclusions The ophthalmologist should be familiar with the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the hereditary optic neuropathies. Recent advances in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of the inherited optic neuropathies may provide insight into their treatment and the treatment of acquired optic nerve disorders.
Value of Gating of Technetium-99m Sestamibi Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic Imaging

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine how frequently and for what reasons the addition of electrocardiographically gated technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) images add value to nongated SPECT perfusion images. Background. Electrocardiographic gating of Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT images permits assessment of regional and global left ventricular function and may assist in differentiating attenuation artifacts from myocardial scar. Methods. A total of 285 consecutive patients (143 women and 142 men; mean age 57.6 ± 11.5 years) underwent gated SPECT Tc-99m sestamibi imaging (212 with exercise, 63 with dipyridamole and 10 with dobutamine). The conventional stress and rest tomograms were interpreted first by means of a 14-segment scoring system, and then the studies were reinterpreted while the gated images were viewed. Results. In the total group of 285 patients, the number of “borderline” interpretations was reduced from 89 to 29. In the 137 patients with a ≤10% pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease, the addition of gated images added significantly to the percentage of interpretations that were designated “normal” (74% [101 of 137] vs. 93% [127 of 137], p Conclusions. The addition of electrocardiographically gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT images to the reading of stress and rest perfusion images alone resulted in shifting the final scan interpretations to a more normal designation in patients with a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease, and to more abnormal defects consistent with coronary artery disease in patients with known coronary artery disease. The number of “borderline normal” and “borderline abnormal” interpretations are significantly reduced when gated SPECT images are interpreted simultaneously with stress and rest perfusion images.
Use of internal scintillator radioactivity to calibrate DOI function of a PET detector with a dual-ended-scintillator readout.

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors that use a dual-ended-scintillator readout to measure depth-of-interaction (DOI) must have an accurate DOI function to provide the relationship between DOI and signal ratios to be used for detector calibration and recalibration. In a previous study, the authors used a novel and simple method to accurately and quickly measure DOI function by irradiating the detector with an external uniform flood source; however, as a practical concern, implementing external uniform flood sources in an assembled PET system is technically challenging and expensive. In the current study, therefore, the authors investigated whether the same method could be used to acquire DOI function from scintillator-generated (i.e., internal) radiation. The authors also developed a method for calibrating the energy scale necessary to select the events within the desired energy window. Methods: The authors measured the DOI function of a PET detector with lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators. Radiation events originating from the scintillators' internal Lu-176 beta decay were used to measure DOI functions which were then compared with those measured from both an external uniform flood source and an electronically collimated external point source. The authors conducted these studies with several scintillators of differing geometries (1.5 x 1.5more » and 2.0 x 2.0 mm{sup 2} cross-section area and 20, 30, and 40 mm length) and various surface finishes (mirror-finishing, saw-cut rough, and other finishes in between), and in a prototype array. Results: All measured results using internal and external radiation sources showed excellent agreement in DOI function measurement. The mean difference among DOI values for all scintillators measured from internal and external radiation sources was less than 1.0 mm for different scintillator geometries and various surface finishes. Conclusions: The internal radioactivity of LYSO scintillators can be used to accurately measure DOI function in PET detectors, regardless of scintillator geometry or surface finish. Because an external radiation source is not needed, this method of DOI function measurement can be practically applied to individual PET detectors as well as assembled systems.« less
Effects of grain size on cyclic plasticity and fatigue crack initiation in nickel

Abstract Fatigue experiments were conducted on polycrystalline nickel of two grain sizes, 24 and 290 μm, to evaluate the effects of grain size on cyclic plasticity and fatigue crack initiation. Specimens were cycled at room temperature at plastic strain amplitudes ranging from 2.5×10 −5 to 2.5×10 −3 . Analyses of the cyclic stress–strain response and evolution of hysteresis loop shape indicate that the back stress component of the cyclic stress is significantly affected by grain size and plastic strain amplitude, whereas these parameters have little effect on friction stress. A nonlinear kinematic hardening framework was used to study the evolution of back stress parameters with cumulative plastic strain. These are related to substructural evolution features. In particular, long range back stress components are related to persistent slip bands. The difference in cyclic plasticity behavior between the two grain sizes is related to the effect of grain size on persistent slip band (PSB) morphology, and the effect this has on long range back stress. Fine grain specimens had a much longer fatigue life, especially at low plastic strain amplitude, as a result of the influence of grain size on fatigue crack initiation characteristics. At low plastic strain amplitude (2.5×10 −4 ), coarse grain specimens initiated cracks where PSBs impinged on grain boundaries. Fine grain specimens formed cracks along PSBs. At high plastic strain amplitude (2.5×10 −3 ), both grain sizes initiated cracks at grain boundaries.
Probing Flow-Induced Precursor Structures in Blown Polyethylene Films by Synchrotron X-rays during Constrained Melting

Structural changes during constrained melting of blown polyethylene (PE) films were followed by in-situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Results indicated that thermally stable flow-induced crystallization precursor structures (i.e., shish-kebabs) can be revealed above the nominal melting point determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Two samples were investigated: (1) linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) with Mw of 116 kg/mol and (2) a binary blend of 95 wt % LLDPE and 5 wt % high-density polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE had a bimodal molecular weight distribution, containing 80 wt % of low molecular weight (LMW) component (Mw = 99 kg/mol) and high molecular weight (HMW) component (Mw = 1100 kg/mol). Even though the blend contained only a low concentration of HMW−HDPE chains (c = 1 wt %), above its overlap concentration (c* = 0.5 wt %), the initial film showed significantly higher lamellar orientation, and the high-temperatu...
A solution of the convection‐conduction heat‐transfer equation in porous media by the von Rosenberg finite‐difference scheme

von Rosenberg developed an explicit finite-difference scheme for solution of the linear convection-conduction partial differential equation in one space dimension. The method is stable and accurate when a dimensionless ratio of dispersion to convection is between zero and one. In this work, the von Rosenberg method was applied to a linear, one space dimensional set of coupled convection-conduction equations. The system examined involves the change in temperature resulting from a fluid flowing through a stationary porous solid with heat transfer between the fluid and solid phases. The equations, which describe heat transfer in each phase, were solved simultaneously and, thus, the solution method was required to be implicit rather than explicit. It was observed that when the interphase convective heat-transfer rate was small relative to the fluid velocity, an implicit solution of the von Rosenberg weighted equations provided a good solution, but when the interphase convective heat-transfer rate was relatively large, a modified weighting on the equations provided a more accurate, stable solution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phase stability of carbon in FCC and BCC metals

Abstract The Metal-Carbon interaction parameter was calculated from the binary systems Cr-C, Mn-C, Ni-C, Co-C, V-C, and the ternary systems Cr-Fe-C, Mn-Fe-C, Ni-Fe-C, Co-Fe-C, V-Fe-C, V-Cr-C as was done for Fe-C. In all cases the excess Gibbs energy of mixing can be expressed as Gm,ex = W3(x−x3), where W is the interaction parameter, and x is the atom fraction of the metal. Along the periodic table from V to Ni W changes smoothly. The phase stability of carbon was calculated from the invariant points of the binary phase diagrams. The same interaction parameter was used in the solid and liquid phases. From the equilibria in the Fe-Cr-C system given by Jackson the stability was also calculated in Fe-Cr alloys.
Shock effects in “EH6” enstatite chondrites and implications for collisional heating of the EH and EL parent asteroids

Abstract Of the six chondrites that were listed as EH6 or EH6-an during the course of this study, we confirm the EH classification of Y-8404, Y-980211 and Y-980223 and the EH-an classification of Y-793225; two chondrites (A-882039 and Y-980524) are reclassified as EL (the former contains ferroan alabandite and both contain kamacite with ∼1 wt% Si). All of the meteorites contain euhedral enstatite grains surrounded by metal ± sulfide (although this texture is rare in Y-793225), consistent with enstatite crystallizing from a mixed melt. All contain enstatite with 0.5,Mg
Inverse obstacle problems

In this review, we describe the main results on the uniqueness and stability of penetrable or impenetrable obstacles from various boundary data. We present basic ideas of proofs in the case of single and many boundary measurements. We discuss some methods of reconstruction. We consider the inverse problem of gravimetry, inverse conductivity and scattering problems, and similar inverse obstacle problems for hyperbolic and parabolic equations. We expose mostly known results and some new ideas and approaches. In conclusion, we list several open research problems of significance for theory and applications.
Evaluating visualization using cognitive measures

In this position paper, we discuss the problems and advantages of using physiological measurements to to estimate cognitive load in order to evaluate scientific visualization methods. We will present various techniques and technologies designed to measure cognitive load and how they may be leveraged in the context of user evaluation studies for scientific visualization. We also discuss the challenges of experiments designed to use these physiological measurements.
A device for the rapid measurement of molecular model co-ordinates for x-ray crystallography.

Abstract A device for the rapid and accurate measurement of model molecular co-ordinates, to be used in conjunction with a Richards optical comparator, is described. The device may be operated in either a manual or automatic mode. The manual mode allows an operator to find the co-ordinates of a desired atom by optical superposition of the transmitted image of a small marker light upon the reflected image of the atom to be measured. The automatic mode allows the operator to position the marker light automatically by entering preselected co-ordinates from an electronic console. This mode of operation facilitates the rapid construction and comparison of structures the atomic co-ordinates of which are already known. The device utilizes pulsed stepping motors to position the marker light and incorporates modularized solid-state circuitry throughout. Several applications of the device are described.
Heavy gluino as the lightest supersymmetric particle

We consider the possibility that the lightest supersymmetric particle is a heavy gluino. After discussing models in which this is the case, we demonstrate that the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LSP}$ could evade cosmological and other constraints by virtue of having a very small relic density. We then consider how neutral and charged hadrons containing a gluino will behave in a detector, demonstrating that there is generally substantial apparent missing momentum associated with a produced $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LSP}.$ We next investigate limits on the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LSP}$ deriving from CERN, LEP, LEP2 and run I Fermilab Tevatron experimental searches for excess events in the jets plus missing momentum channel and for stable heavily ionizing charged particles. The range of ${m}_{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}}$ that can be excluded depends upon the path length of the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}$ in the detector, the amount of energy it deposits in each hadronic collision, and the probability for the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}$ to fragment to a pseudo-stable charged hadron after a given hadronic collision. We explore how the range of excluded ${m}_{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}}$ depends upon these ingredients, concluding that for non-extreme cases the range $3\mathrm{GeV}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{m}_{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}130\char21{}150\mathrm{GeV}$ can be excluded at 95% C.L. based on currently available OPAL and CDF analyses. We find that run II at the Tevatron can extend the excluded region (or discover the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g})$ up to ${m}_{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}}\ensuremath{\sim}160\char21{}180\mathrm{GeV}.$ For completeness, we also analyze the case where the $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}$ is the NLSP (as possible in gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking) decaying via $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}g+\mathrm{gravitino}.$ We find that the Tevatron run I data exclude ${m}_{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}}l~240\mathrm{GeV}.$ Finally, we discuss application of the procedures developed for the heavy $\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{g}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LSP}$ to searches for other stable strongly interacting particles, such as a stable heavy quark.
Optical Discrimination of Intracellular Ca2+ Changes of Brain Induced by Cocaine and Ischemia

We use microscopic fluorescence imaging to study the effect of chronic cocaine exposure on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of cortical brain, and to compare with the brain [Ca2+]ichanges induced by ischemic insults.
Managing service operations based on customer preferences

This article presents the results of a study using discrete choice analysis (DCA) in the dine‐in pizza industry. DCA offers an effective approach for incorporating customer preferences into operating decisions in service businesses. Our results show how customers tradeoff among several determinant attributes (e.g. price, waiting time, quality) when choosing a dine‐in pizza restaurant. The article also offers evidence that managers’ perceptions of customer choice patterns are not the same as customers’ actual choice patterns for the businesses we examined. Finally, we show how our results can be easily incorporated into a decision support system for structuring service operations according to customer preferences.
Allogeneic HSCT for ATL: a good start.

In this issue of Blood , Ishida and colleagues report the latest update on their nationwide retrospective study of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult T-cell leukemia in Japan.[1][1] In this large cohort of patients they found a median overall survival (OS) of 9.9 months
Cold and warm-adapted phases in Fontinalis duriaei Schimp. as evidenced by net assimilatory and respiratory responses to temperature

Abstract Fontinalis duriaei Schimp. samples were collected from Big Valley Creek (Houghton Co., Michigan 47°N, 88° 40′W) at 8-week intervals starting 27 November 1976 and ending 3 December 1977. Net assimilation and respiration were measured with a Gilson differential respirometer over a temperature range of 0.5–40°C. Rates of net assimilation and respiration of Fontinalis duriaei were modelled using the Arrhenius equation to demonstrate the effects of acclimation to temperature. Net assimilation could be divided into two distinct groups: cold response (field-acclimated at 0–1°C) and warm response (field-acclimated at 9–16°C). Respiration differed little between cold and warm adapted mosses. A yearly cycle in the growth of F. duriaei was evident; the moss appeared most healthy photosynthesized at the greatest rate during spring and early summer. After stream temperatures reached their maximum (16°C), the condition declined through fall and into winter. This debilitated appearance was reflected in lower productivity values obtained in the laboratory at stream temperature.
Isolation and biochemical function of the Golgi substance.

RECENT studies have demonstrated the positive image of the Golgi substance in epithelial cells of the mouse epididymis with the phase-contrast microscope1. In situ, the Golgi substance was found to possess characteristic optical properties with phase-contrast and dark-field illumination, and to be completely refractory to staining with methylene blue and neutral red. Examination of cells of the head of the epididymis of the rat and the mouse immediately after or during crushing clearly indicated that the Golgi substance retained its general form and its specific optical properties upon release from its intra-cellular environment. Experiments to determine the most suitable medium for the maintenance of the Golgi substance extracellularly indicated that the presence of 0.34 M sodium chloride was essential and that the addition of sucrose in concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.25 M to the saline medium had no appreciable effect on the morphology, optical properties or stability of the Golgi substance.
On a control scheme for two cooperating robot arms

The problem of controlling two robot arms in a cooperative manner is investigated. The main purpose is to move an object by grasping it at two different points using two separate robot arms. A position control method using the differential relations between the object and the two robot arms is proposed. The differential change of the object is transformed into that of each robot arm, and then the differential change of each joint of the two robot arms is derived. The movements of each robot arm are controlled in small increments. An experiment was performed to demonstrate the proposed method.
The generalized Füredi conjecture holds for finite linear lattices

We say that a rank-unimodal poset P has rapidly decreasing rank numbers, or the RDR property, if above (resp. below) the largest ranks of P, the size of each level is at most half of the previous (resp. next) one. We show that a finite rank-unimodal, rank-symmetric, normalized matching, RDR poset of width w has a partition into w chains such that the sizes of the chains are one of two consecutive integers. In particular, there exists a partition of the linear lattices L"n(q) (subspaces of an n-dimensional vector space over a finite field, ordered by inclusion) into chains such that the number of chains is the width of L"n(q) and the sizes of the chains are one of two consecutive integers.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACTFL RATINGS BY TOEFL SCORE RANGES

The purpose of this study was to align verbal descriptions of test takers' language performance with distributions of the numerical scores they received on the three sections (Listening Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, and Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary) of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The study used the American Council of Teaching Foreign Languages (ACTFL) descriptors as anchors for the TOEFL scores. The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines, from which the descriptors were taken, are widely used. Qualified English as a Second Language (ESL) instructors rated their students' listening, reading, and writing proficiency using the ACTFL descriptors. Very shortly thereafter, the ratees took the TOEFL. Students' ACTFL ratings were quantified and cross-tabulated with TOEFL section scores. Results were analyzed as follows: First, the need to adjust for rater difficulty was investigated. Second, typical descriptive data were developed. Third, several schemes were used to quantify the verbal descriptors from the ACTFL Guidelines. Fourth, the ratings and test scores were correlated. Fifth, the issue of the differential validity of the measures of speaking, listening, and reading was examined. Sixth, several estimates of the reliability of the ratings were obtained. Finally, the distributions of ratings at levels of the TOEFL section scores were developed. These latter distributions can be helpful in interpreting TOEFL scores in terms of language performance. Although there was no one-to-one correspondence between the TOEFL score level and the ACTFL rating level, the correlations between ratings and scores were substantial.
Surgical Approaches to Obesity

Bariatric surgery has evolved considerably since the introduction of jejunoileal bypass in the 1950s. With modifications of early procedures, implementation of new techniques, and establishment of minimally invasive approaches, operative intervention has become the mainstay in the treatment of extreme (class III) obesity. The laparoscopic adjustable gastric band technique is the most common purely restrictive procedure. Advantages of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band include reduced perioperative morbidity and mortality compared to other bariatric procedures, but this procedure has been associated with substantial intermediate and long-term complications. Although vertical banded gastroplasty was associated with decreased perioperative morbidity and acceptable early weight loss, results from long-term follow-up have been discouraging. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common bariatric procedure performed in the United States because of its effectiveness in long-term weight loss and low rates of serious complications. Modifications of RYGB to induce malabsorption have led to greater weight loss but increased risks of metabolic and nutritional sequelae. Duodenal switch is a malabsorptive procedure associated with excellent weight loss and resolution of weight-related comorbidities, but concerns regarding potential metabolic and nutritional sequelae have limited its widespread use. Laparoscopic approaches to bariatric procedures have reduced wound-related complications and improved patient recovery. However, the incidence of anastomotic leak and internal hernia is higher after laparoscopic RYGB compared to the open approach. Each of the currently available bariatric procedures has both advantages and disadvantages that must be considered in determining which operation should be selected for an individual patient.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study In-Situ of Radiation-Induced Defects in Copper at Elevated Temperatures

Neutrons and high-energy ions incident upon a solid can initiate a displacement collision cascade of lattice atoms resulting in localized regions within the solid containing a high concentration of interstitial and vacancy point defects. These point defects can collapse into various types of dislocation loops and stacking fault tetrahedra (SFT) large enough that their lattice strain fields are visible under diffraction-contrast imaging using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The basic mechanisms driving the collapse of point defects produced in collision cascades is investigated in situ with TEM for fcc-Cu irradiated with heavy (100 keV Kr) ions at elevated temperature. The isothermal stability of these clusters is also examined in situ. Areal defect yields were observed to decrease abruptly for temperatures greater than 300 C. This decrease in defect yield is attributed to a proportional decrease in the probability of collapse of point defects into clusters. The evolution of the defect density under isothermal conditions appears to be influenced by three different rate processes active in the decline of the total defect density. These rate constants can be attributed to differences in the stability of various types of defect clusters and to different loss mechanisms. Based upon observed stabilities, estimations formore » the average binding enthalpies of vacancies to SFT are calculated for copper.« less
High power continuous wave operation of distributed Bragg reflector quantum cascade laser

We demonstrate 2W CW output power with a DBR QCL mounted epi-down at 20 °C. Single mode operation with a SMSR of 30 dB was achieved with the wavelength around 4.48 μm. The maximum pulsed peak power of this laser reached 3.36 W at 20 °C. The maximum pulsed and CW WPEs reached 14.7 % and 10.3 % at 20 °C, respectively.
Low plasma cell 3(H) thymidine incorporation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smouldering myeloma and remission phase myeloma: a reliable indicator of patients not requiring therapy

The kinetics of bone marrow plasma cells were evaluated by means of in vitro 3(H)thymidine incorporation in 143 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Fifty-three patients had symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis, nine were in stable remission, six in unstable remission, and 16 in the relapse phase. Thirty-seven patients were classified has having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 22 as smouldering myeloma (SM). A thymidine labelling index (LI%) of greater than 3 at initial diagnosis predicted a very short survival. High LI% values (median 2.8 +/- 1.1) were also seen at relapse. However, the major new finding was that the LI% could be used to discriminate precisely between the SM-MGUS group and the MM patients including stage I disease (P less than 0.0001). Only one patient developed MM during follow up, that being 8 months after the initial diagnosis of SM. During the unmaintained stable remission (plateau) phase a low proliferative activity was also observed (LI% = 0.6 +/- 0.2). Thus the LI% was extremely useful in identification of both poor risk groups with a LI% greater than 3 and stable patients requiring no immediate therapy with a LI% less than 1. The ability to discriminate between MGUS and SM and stage I MM should prove particularly useful clinically.
Time-power series study of the triplet annihilation model and other cooperative growth models

Abstract We obtain the exact beginning coefficients in time-power series for several cooperative one-dimensional lattice growth models that include growth, diffusion and death processes. The model we use as our standard is the triplet annihilation model of Dickman. The series are obtained through eighth order. For those cases where growth follows a power law in the time we use standard techniques for studying critical phenomena to extract the appropriate exponents. For those cases where growth goes through a maximum, the series give reliable information only up to the maximum and do not describe well the ultimate decay to zero density.
944 DDAVP INHIBITS PROSTACYCLIN FORMATION: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM FOR BLEEDING TIME (BT) CORRECTION IN HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS

A recent study has shown that DDAVP normalizes the B.T. in plt. functional defects. In vitro evidence also suggests that DDAVP enhances plt-vascular adherence. We assessed the effects of DDAVP on prostacyclin as a possible mediator of these effects. Initial studies on human vessels revealed that incubation of segments with DDAVP ↓ 6KPGF1α formation. Values of 3.4±.0.8 and 2.5±0.7 pmol/mg were obtained in the presence of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/ml DDAVP, with paired control values of 4.1±1.0 and 4.0±1.1 (p<0.01). No differences in 6KPGF1α were observed when segments were incubated with DDAVP vehicle alone (0.1μg/ml), although at 1μg/ml a slight ↓ in 6KPGF1α was seen. Direct assessment of the effects of DDAVP on ionophore (10μM) stimulated release of 6KPGF1α from bovine endothelial cell monolayers revealed that at 1μg/ml both DDAVP and its vehicle caused a ↓ in 6KPGF1α release (33+18 and 31±16 pmol per 106 cells versus control values of 121±46 pmol;p<0.01). Finally, changes in plasma 6KPGF1α are being assessed in patients (n=5) with plt. functional defects in whom DDAVP has been used as a therapeutic modality to correct their prolonged BTs. A ↓ in plasma 6KPGF1α has been observed with mean levels of 0.32 and 0.25 pmol per ml prior to and 90′ post DDAVP respectively. These studies, demonstrating an in vitro and in vivo effect of DDAVP on endothelial cell prostacyclin production, suggest a potential, hitherto unrecognized, mechanism for BT correction in hemostatic disorders.