cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Various Polyethylene Structures on Film Extrusion

Viscoelastic behaviors and film extrusion are concerned in this study. Several materials are tested. They are a low density polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene, and two metallocene polyethylenes. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, storage modulus, and loss modulus have been measured to interpret the viscoelastic behaviors. The energy consumption and output rates are described at various screw revolutions. A wide range of drawdown ratios, blowup ratios with frost-line heights in film blowing is investigated in order to determine the region of bubble stability.
Population informatics-based system to improve osteoporosis screening in women in a primary care practice

Objective To study the effects of using a population-based informatics system for osteoporosis screening and treatment in women aged 65 years or older. Design A population-based informatics system (PRECARES: PREventive CAre REminder System) was implemented to meet the needs of the workflow of a primary care practice. Patients treated in either of two sections of a primary care internal medicine department were selected for the intervention, and patients of a comparable third section served as the control group. PRECARES identified women in the intervention group who were due for osteoporosis screening on the basis of age and who had no record of previous screening in our clinical system. If these eligible patients did not have an upcoming outpatient appointment, appointment secretaries sent a letter requesting that they call to make an appointment for a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. Measurements At baseline and 3 months after the letters were sent, a database was used to determine the rate of osteoporosis screening in the intervention and control groups. Results A total of 689 patients in the intervention group were sent the letter. Three months after the letters were sent, the rate of osteoporosis screening was 76.4% (2409/3152) in the intervention group vs 69% (928/1344) in the control group (p<0.001). In the intervention group, 25% of the 689 patients responded to the letter and completed osteoporosis screening. Patients who had osteoporosis screening received appropriate treatment. Conclusion A population-based informatics system for primary care practice significantly improved the rate of osteoporosis screening.
Bioelectronic DNA detection of human papillomaviruses using eSensor™: a model system for detection of multiple pathogens

Background We used human papillomaviruses (HPV) as a model system to evaluate the utility of a nucleic acid, hybridization-based bioelectronic DNA detection platform (eSensor™) in identifying multiple pathogens.
Results from a hybrid synthetic aperture sonar motion estimation scheme

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is used to produce high-quality side-scan imagery of the sea floor in which the along-track resolution is constant with range. SAS sensor technology is transitioning from towed vehicles toward more versatile autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Experience to date has shown that the 21-inch AUVs tend to be less stable than the longer towed vehicle of the same diameter used during the U.S. Navy's initial SAS technology demo efforts. The corresponding increase in undesirable motion of the AUV platform carrying the sonar has motivated the development of a new generation of motion estimation and compensation schemes. This paper describes the results obtained from one such motion estimation method applied to the U.S. Navy's SAS21/Reliant SAS system. The data set used for evaluating the image improvement consists of 31 km of track taken at the 2004 Combined Joint Task Force Exercise (CJTFEX-04) off the North Carolina coast. The motion estimation combines the angular velocity information provided from an inertial navigation unit with the traditional redundant phase center approach in order to accurately estimate the ping-to-ping translation of the SAS array. This approach consistently yields better imagery compared to the previously-used technique.
RADIUS: rapid application delivery, installation and upgrade system

This paper describes an object-oriented application framework RADIUS, which facilitates automatic application delivery, installation and upgrade (ADIU). By extending the object-oriented programming paradigm to the document and file level, application files can be located and delivered through a mechanism similar to dynamic dispatch in most OOP languages and systems. RADIUS is designed to be document-centric. All necessary information is stored with the documents and assigned at the application developers' end and thus requires no user intervention of any kind in locating, installing and upgrading applications. RADIUS is lightweight and requires no extensions to the programming languages and operating systems, and therefore is easy to integrate with other object or component systems.
Ion heating due to Alfven waves in a helicon plasma

Summary form only given. Recent models for ion heating in the fast solar wind region of the Sun predicts the heating is due to MHD turbulence driven by counter propagating, low-frequency Alfven waves. Experiments to test this theory is conducted in the West Virginia University HELIX (Hot Helicon Experiment) device in helium plasma. Densities in HELIX are on the order of 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/ with ion temperatures of about 0.3 eV. To create counter propagating Alfven waves one of two techniques are employed. We first attempt to launch the Alfven waves from the helicon source region and generate a reflection due to an Alfven speed gradient. The HELIX device has an Alfven speed profile similar to the solar corona, a short region of increased Alfven speed followed by a rapid decrease in speed as the magnetic field expands. Should the first method prove to be unsuccessful, two waves are launched at each other from different antennas. This method has the added advantage of allowing the relative intensities of the counter-propagating waves to be varied. Temperatures of helium ions are measured using a RF compensated energy analyzer. We present information on the experimental apparatus as well as preliminary data.
The Prevention of Suicidal Behaviors: An Overview.

The authors discuss the development of the concept of prevention as it has evolved from the public health and mental health fields. Concepts of epidemiology, treatment, and community mental health are defined in terms of their contributions to the evolution of prevention thinking. Four models of prevention are presented and critiqued: the public health model, the operational model, the antecedent conditions model, and the injury control model. Essential ingredients for implementing effective preventive interventions are presented, as well as examples of practical preventive interventions.
Psychiatric specialty clinics: do they weed out comorbid depression and anxiety?

The concept of comorbidity of anxiety and depression was examined as it relates to specialty clinics, a growing trend as mental health care providers attempt to compete for patients and provide efficient and specialized treatments. Twenty-nine patients from an anxiety clinic were compared with 23 patients from a mood disorders clinic in a university-based outpatient setting. Axis I diagnoses obtained by structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R were generally consistent with each specialty clinic. Incidence of diagnosable comorbid anxiety and mood disorders was not significantly different for the two clinics and within the range cited (11–78%) in several other studies drawing from various patient populations. Similarly, in comparing self-reported symptoms on three rating scales using Student’st tests, authors found elevated symptoms of both depression and anxiety in both clinic populations. The importance of addressing the needs of patients with co-occurring diagnoses and symptoms within a specialty clinic is discussed as it pertains to treatment and research.
Fast changes of enthalpy and volume on flash excitation of Chromatium chromatophores.

We have used a capacitor microphone transducer to measure volume changes in suspensions of Chromatium chromatophores 100 μs to 20 ms after flash excitation. Volume changes in photochemical reactions can arise both from volume differences between reactants and products, and from enthalpy changes which heat or cool the solution. By measuring the volume changes at two temperatures, one can resolve the total changes into their two components. In Chromatium, light-driven electron transfer from cytochrome C555 to the primary or secondary electron acceptors causes a contraction of approx. 33 A3 per electron transferred. The relaxation of the initial volume change is altered by the presence of gramicidin, valinomycin, o-phenanthroline, or phosphate. From the effects of these agents, we conclude that the volume change is localized at the photochemical reaction center, and that part of the relaxation involves transfer of a proton from the solvent to the chromatophores. Electron transfer from cytochrome C555 to the primary or secondary electron acceptors does not cause a significant enthalpy change. We conclude that the free energy increase that accompanies this reaction is due to a negative entropy change.
Self-Regulated Reading in Adulthood

Young and older adults read a series of passages of 3 different genres for an immediate assessment of text memory (measured by recall and true/false questions). Word-by-word reading times were measured and decomposed into components reflecting resource allocation to particular linguistic processes using regression. Allocation to word and textbase processes showed some consistency across the 3 text types and was predictive of memory performance. Older adults allocated more time to word and textbase processes than the young adults did but showed enhanced contextual facilitation. Structural equation modeling showed that greater resource allocation to word processes was required among readers with relatively low working memory spans and poorer verbal ability and that greater resource allocation to textbase processes was engendered by higher verbal ability. Results are discussed in terms of a model of self-regulated language processing suggesting that older readers may compensate for processing deficiencies through greater reliance on discourse context and on increases in resource allocation that are enabled through growth in crystallized ability.
Vernonia oilseed production in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Abstract Epoxidized oils, manufactured by chemical epoxidation of fats and vegetable oils such as soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], are useful in reformulation of oil based (alkyd-resin) paints to reduce emissions of volatile organic compounds that contribute to production of smog. Other potential markets for epoxy fatty acids include plasticizers, additives to polyvinyl chloride, polymer blends and coatings, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. Currently, no oilseed crop has been commercialized as a source of natural epoxidized oils. However, Vernonia galamensis (Cass.) Less. has been identified to have potential for domestication as a new industrial oilseed source of natural epoxy fatty acids. The main objective of this research was to evaluate feasibility of vernonia production in mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Specifically, we wanted to evaluate available vernonia germplasm for seed yield, oil content, and oil quality, and to determine suitable production practices. The seed yield (kg/ha) in field experiments conducted from 1994, 1995, and 1996 at Randolph Farm of Virginia State University (37°15′N and 77°30.8′W), with a selected group of vernonia lines, ranged from 490 to 1288, 494 to 1394, and 1070 to 1934, respectively. Oil content ranged from 30.2 to 36.7% and 32.1 to 39.2%, respectively for 1995 and 1996 and the vernolic acid content ranged from 68.9 to 74.7% and 69.1 to 75.6%. A significant positive correlation ( r =0.34) between oil content and vernolic acid content indicated that both these characteristics could be improved simultaneously. The highest seed yield was obtained with 100 kg N/ha. A pre-plant-incorporated application of Trifluralin herbicide at 0.5 kg/ha a.i. did not reduce vernonia stand establishment. Seedhead shattering was observed to be a limitation in the evaluated vernonia germplasm. These results indicate that commercial vernonia production in Virginia and other areas in the mid-Atlantic region of United States may be feasible.
Molecular markers of serine protease evolution

The evolutionary history of serine proteases can be accounted for by highly conserved amino acids that form crucial structural and chemical elements of the catalytic apparatus. These residues display non- random dichotomies in either amino acid choice or serine codon usage and serve as discrete markers for tracking changes in the active site environment and supporting structures. These markers categorize serine proteases of the chymotrypsin-like, subtilisin-like and α/β-hydrolase fold clans according to phylogenetic lineages, and indicate the relative ages and order of appearance of those lineages. A common theme among these three unrelated clans of serine proteases is the development or maintenance of a catalytic tetrad, the fourth member of which is a Ser or Cys whose side chain helps stabilize other residues of the standard catalytic triad. A genetic mechanism for mutation of conserved markers, domain duplication followed by gene splitting, is suggested by analysis of evolutionary markers from newly sequenced genes with multiple protease domains.
Microsatellite loci development for rare Colorado Sclerocactus (Cactaceae)

The genus Sclerocactus (Cactaceae) consists of 15 species, which have a confused taxonomic history due to morphological similarities and distribution overlap. Habitat loss and hybridization are of concern and have established cause for genetic investigations to further understand the genus and develop conservation strategies. Thirteen variable microsatellite loci were identified using S. glaucus and S. parviflorus and were tested in three additional species: S. wetlandicus, S. brevispinus and S. cloverii. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11, with an average of 6.6. The observed and expected mean heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.90 and 0.26 to 0.90, respectively. These loci will aid in determining levels of hybridization, diversity and taxonomy of Sclerocactus.
Shaped versus Round Implants for Breast Reconstruction: Indications and Outcomes

With the recent reintroduction of shaped cohesive silicone gel implants for breast reconstruction, plastic surgeons once again have an elevated level of control when considering breast shape and contour. Between 1991 and 2005, most plastic surgeons in the United States were only able to use round or shaped saline implants because of the moratorium placed on silicone gel devices by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2005, the use of round silicone gel implants was permitted as the FDA lifted the moratorium. Round saline and silicone gel implants continue to be useful; however, the degree of control with regard to breast shape and contour can be limited in some situations. With the recent approval of shaped silicone gel implants by the FDA in 2012 (Sientra, Santa Barbara, Calif.) and 2013 (Allergan, Irvine, Calif.) (Mentor, Santa Barbara, Calif.), all 3 manufacturers are able to distribute these devices to plastic surgeons across the United States. Using these shaped devices, plastic surgeons can select the appropriate implant to optimally match the “footprint” of the natural breast and achieve better control of height, width, and projection. However, because these devices are shaped and textured, proper use of these implants requires certain technical maneuvers that must be appreciated to deliver an outcome that is predictable, reproducible, and aesthetically desirable.1–3 This article will review the author’s early experience using shaped silicone gel implants as well as round silicone gel and saline implants for primary and secondary breast reconstruction with an emphasis on indications and outcome.
Effect of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on subthalamic neurons: an intracellular study.

Background/Aims: The precise mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy is unknown. In the
A comparison of parametric and nonparametric tests for detecting queue waiting time differences

The analysis of simulation data often calls for a test of the equality of means (medians) of several sets of data, which may not meet the classical assumptions of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test procedures. This paper compares two parametric ANOVA tests and two nonparametric tests, with and without blocking on common random numbers. The test data was obtained from average queue waiting times in an M/M/c queuing system. The parametric ANOVA tests had significantly larger test statistic values than the nonparametric tests. The parametric tests showed the ability to detect different queue waiting times at least as well as their non-parametric counterparts, even though the assumptions of the parametric ANOVA tests are not met with the non-normally distributed queueing system data
Novel Drugs Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Its Downstream Pathways in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy among men and women in the United States, and the 5-year survival rate remains poor despite recent advances in chemotherapy and targeted agents. The mainstay of therapy for advanced disease remains the cytotoxic chemotherapy including 5-FU, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. The USFDA approval and introduction of targeted therapies, including cetuximab and panitumumab (monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) and bevacizumab (monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)), has improved the median survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to around 24 months. Clearly, better and more efficacious drugs are needed, and target-specific agents remain the future of cancer treatment. On this front, rapid advances are being made, which are likely to change the future of the management of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, absence of specific biomarkers for the use of targeted agents, in the subset of population who will benefit from the treatment, remains a major drawback. In this paper, we review agents that are in phases 1 and 2 clinical development, specifically targeting the EGFR and its subsequent downstream pathways.
Fourier Analysis and Synthesis Tomography: High-Resolution Long-Range Volume Imaging of Cells and Tissue

We present a light-efficient imaging technique that measures the sample’s fluorescent or coherent spatial spectrum using projected dynamic interference patterns, a fast single-pixel detector, and large low-precision optics, effectively decoupling depth-of-field and working-distance from resolution.
Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Biological Macromolecules in Solution Using Linear-Scaling Electronic Structure Methods

A linear-scaling self-consistent field method for calculation of the electronic structure of biological macromolecules in solution is presented. The method is applied at the semiempirical Hartree-Fock level to the determination of heats of formation, solvation free energies, and density of electronic states for several protein and DNA systems.
A Psychotherapy Service: Preserving a Place for Psychodynamic Teaching

Striving for an educational balance between psychodynamics and psychotherapy led to the creation of a Psychotherapy Service. Psychodynamic teaching was preserved while biological teaching was increased. The history, philosophy, and structure of this service, combined with a chart review, give a picture of the kind of clinical experience and training available on such a service.
Voltammetry: An In Situ Tool to Monitor the Health of Ecosystems

A solid-state Au/Hg voltammetric microelectrode was used to monitor the development of seasonal anoxia in Delaware coastal bays which have deep holes with stratification. Since fish kills and harmful algal blooms have occurred over the years here, water circulators were installed in October 2003 to improve water quality. We conducted in situ determination of temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved O2 and H2S to document the circulators8 function which was evaluated by comparing in situ data obtained before and after their installation. Stratification at both sites was similar in 2004 to that in previous years. Furthermore, the circulators did not oxygenate the water column but did bring some H2S to the surface waters. We found that O2 concentrations in the surface waters and H2S concentrations in the bottom waters were similar in different years. Thus, the H2S conditions were not abated and water quality was still a problem.
Distinguishing Catatonia: A Case Report

Abstract A 42-year-old white man with episodes of severe suboccipital headaches of three months’ duration, developed what appeared to be a catatonic stupor. Physical and neurologic evaluation in the general hospital in which he was examined was normal, and psychiatric consultation was requested in anticipation of transfer to a psychiatric facility. Examination of his mental status revealed the staring patient to be negativistic, withdrawn, and with a flat affect. After persistent questioning he was able to relate coherently and logically and exhibited no evidence of a psychosis. The attending physician and neurosurgeon were advised to obtain a neurologic evaluation to search for an organic lesion, which was uncovered and cured surgically. A team of four physicians, working together, established a diagnosis; without prompt treatment the condition might have proved fatal.
Effects of signability and imagery on word recall of deaf and hearing students.

This study examined 40 deaf and 20 hearing students' free recall of visually presented words varied systematically with respect to signability (i.e., words that could be expressed by a single sign) and visual imagery. Half of the deaf subjects had deaf parents, while the other half had hearing parents. For deaf students, recall was better for words that had sign-language equivalents and high-imagery values. For the hearing students, recall was better for words with high-imagery values, but there was no effect of signability. Over-all, the hearing students recalled significantly more words than the deaf students in both immediate and delayed free-recall conditions. In immediate recall, deaf students with deaf parents reported using a sign-language coding strategy more frequently and recalled more words correctly than deaf students with hearing parents. Serial-position curves indicated several differences in patterns of recall among the groups. These results underline the importance of sign language in the memory and recall of deaf persons.
Acquired immune response of white leghorn hens to populations of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago).

Abstract Three levels (high, low and control) of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), were maintained on White Leghorn hens for 24 weeks. The hens were then treated with carbaryl to eradicate the mites, were induced to molt, and were reinfested with mites 9 weeks later. Subsequent levels of mites on the three groups showed that the degree of acquired immunity was related to the initial level of mite infestation.
Reduction of N2O by CO over Ceria-Modified Three-Way Pt−Rh Catalysts: Kinetic Aspects

This study reports an extensive kinetic investigation of the CO + N2O reaction which is a major reaction involved with automotive exhaust catalysts during the overall reduction of NO, particularly during the start of a cold engine. Steady-state rate measurements were performed between 217 and 250 °C on Pt−Rh/γ-Al2O3−CeO2 with partial pressures in the range (4.5−12.0) × 10-3 and (2.0−7.4) × 10-3 atm respectively for CO and N2O. Particular attention has been paid toward the influence of ceria on the catalytic performances of noble metals. A bifunctional mechanism is proposed involving the redox properties of ceria which correctly explains the beneficial effect of ceria on the reduction of N2O by CO in the absence of NO. However, subsequent comparisons with previous optimized kinetic and thermodynamic constants for the CO + NO reaction on the same catalyst suggest that the promotional effect of ceria is suppressed. When N2O and NO coexist in the gas phase, only noble metals are active near the light-off temp...
Collection development in 19 libraries of the association of research libraries

Abstract This study seeks to determine how large research libraries in the United States perform the function of collection development, including subject and area librarians, faculty, and branch librarians. First, describing how large research libraries have organized the task of collection development in theory in their formal organization charts, including branch libraries. Second, identifying the actual decision points involved in selection of library materials, whether or not these correspond to the organization charts. Finally, discovering how large university libraries actually provide staff and facilities for collection development.
Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities in protein evolution

We study fitness landscape in the space of protein sequences by relating sets of human pathogenic missense mutations in 32 proteins to amino acid substitutions that occurred in the course of evolution of these proteins. On average, ≈10% of deviations of a nonhuman protein from its human ortholog are compensated pathogenic deviations (CPDs), i.e., are caused by an amino acid substitution that, at this site, would be pathogenic to humans. Normal functioning of a CPD-containing protein must be caused by other, compensatory deviations of the nonhuman species from humans. Together, a CPD and the corresponding compensatory deviation form a Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibility that can be visualized as the corner on a fitness ridge. Thus, proteins evolve along fitness ridges which contain only ≈10 steps between successive corners. The fraction of CPDs among all deviations of a protein from its human ortholog does not increase with the evolutionary distance between the proteins, indicating that substitutions that carry evolving proteins around these corners occur in rapid succession, driven by positive selection. Data on fitness of interspecies hybrids suggest that the compensatory change that makes a CPD fit usually occurs within the same protein. Data on protein structures and on cooccurrence of amino acids at different sites of multiple orthologous proteins often make it possible to provisionally identify the substitution that compensates a particular CPD.
More on “Ser” and “Estar”

W. E. Bull's concept of norm-change to distinguish ser and estar is valid. It may be approached through the subjectively conceived nature of the subject as well as through the nature of the attribute.
Transdermal insulin delivery using microdermabrasion.

Purpose Transdermal insulin delivery is an attractive needle-free alternative to subcutaneous injection conventionally used to treat diabetes. However, skin’s barrier properties prevent insulin permeation at useful levels.
Centralized Minimalism Semiformal Governance by Quasi Officials and Dispute Resolution in China

Existing theories of governance generally focus on formal institutions, conceptualized in an either—or binary of state versus society. Recent archival research, however, has demonstrated that local...
Opiates selectively increase intracellular calcium in developing type-1 astrocytes: role of calcium in morphine-induced morphologic differentiation

Endogenous opioids and opiate drugs inhibit nervous system maturation, in part, by affecting the growth of astrocytes. Opiates inhibit astrocyte proliferation and cause premature differentiation. The emerging importance of Ca2+ in astrocyte function prompted us to explore whether opiates might affect astrocyte development by altering Ca2+ homeostasis. Astrocyte-enriched cultures were derived from newborn ICR mouse cerebra. Quantitative fluorescent measurements of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) using Fura-2 as well as fluo-3 and computer-aided image analysis showed that 1 μM morphine significantly increased [Ca2+]i in flat, polyhedral, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive astrocytes at 2 and 6 min, and at 72 h. Co-administration of 3 μM naloxone blocked morphine-dependent increases in [Ca2+]i. Treatment with 1 μM concentrations of the κ-opioid receptor agonist, U69,593, but not equimolar amounts of μ ([d-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin)- or δ ([d-Pen2,d-Pen5]enkephalin)-opioid receptor agonists, significantly increased [Ca2+]i in astrocytes. To assess the role of Ca2+ in morphine-induced astrocyte differentiation, untreated and 1 μM morphine-treated astrocyte cultures were incubated for 5 days in < 0.01, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mM extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o), or incubated with 1.0 mM [Ca2+]o in the presence of 1 μM of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. The areas of single astrocytes were measured and there was a positive correlation between astrocyte area and [Ca2+]o. Morphine had an additive effect on area and form factor measures when [Ca2+]o was 1.0 mM. High [Ca2+]o (3.0 mM) alone mimicked the action of morphine. Morphine alone had no effect on astrocyte area in the presence of 3.0 mM Ca2+. Morphine also had no effect in the presence of low (< 0.01 mM) Ca2+ or 1 μM A23187. 1 μM A23187 alone mimicked the effects of morphine. Collectively, these findings suggest that Ca2+ normally affects the morphology of developing astrocytes, and that morphine-induced changes in the morphology of flat, polyhedral astrocytes are mediated through changes in [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, κ-, but not μ- or δ-, opioid receptor agonists increase [Ca2+]i in astrocytes, suggesting that 1 μM morphine may increase [Ca2+]i by stimulating κ-opioid receptors in flat, polyhedral astrocytes.
Attitude Acquisition System for Communication Spacecraft

A new method for the attitude acquisition of a momentum-biased communication spacecraft that is spin stabilized in the transfer orbit is presented. The initial spin axis attitude is parameterized as a quaternion vector using the transfer orbit horizon and sun sensors. The acquisition control system employs direct rate and quaternion feedback to autonomously despin the spacecraft and align the momentum wheel axis along the orbit normal. The quaternion feedback control gains are selected to perform the maneuver along the Euler axis. The control torques are realized by thruster pulse width modulation. A simple thruster pulse width scaling is included to keep the maneuver axis along the Euler axis. A typical attitude acquisition including momentum wheel spin up to the nominal bias level is completed in 1800 s. The momentum wheel axis is brought within 1 deg of the orbit normal. T Tci co Nomenclature = /th axis rate damping gain = inertia matrix = /th axis quarternion feedback gain = externally applied torque vector = torque commanded along the /th axis = angular velocity vector = body rate threshold
UV photoelectron studies of biological pyrimidines: the valence electronic structure of methyl substituted uracils

Abstract UV photoelectron spectroscopy and INDO molecular orbital calculations have been employed to investigate the electronic structure of several methyl substituted uracils. The results indicate that the ionization potential of uracils is most sensitive to perturbation at the 1 and 5 positions. Substitution occurs in both of these positions in biological systems. It is also found that the large (0.4 eV) differences in the ionization potential of uracil and thymine is conserved in the nucleoside models 1-methyluracil and 1-methylthymine.
Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

The specific brain structures or neural mechanisms underlying dysfunction in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are not well established, particularly in regard to white matter (WM). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to investigate WM in 12 adolescent males diagnosed with ADHD only and 12 typically developing controls (group matched; mean age=15.64 years, SD=1.15). In addition to fractional anisotropy (FA), we also examined axial and radial diffusivity (AD and RD) in an effort to help elucidate conflicting findings suggesting that both lower and higher FA values are characteristic of ADHD. Tract-based spatial statistics and voxel-wide analyses were conducted on the data utilizing a pre-frontal mask to enable focus on fronto-striatal and prefrontal pathways. Adolescents with ADHD had significantly higher FA and AD values in fronto-striatal pathways compared with controls. No differences were observed for RD. These results contribute to the growing literature implicating prefrontal WM variations in neuropsychiatric disorders, and are consistent with findings suggesting a role for fronto-striatal pathways in ADHD pathophysiology.
Weak convergence to the matrix stochastic integral : B dB 2

Abstract The asymptotic theory of regression with integrated processes of the ARIMA type frequently involves weak convergence to stochastic integrals of the form ∫01 W dW, where W(r) is standard Brownian motion. In multiple regressions and vector autoregressions with vector ARIMA processes, the theory involves weak convergence to matrix stochastic integrals of the form ∫01 B dB′, where B(r) is vector Brownian motion with a non-scalar covariance matrix. This paper studies the weak convergence of sample covariance matrices to ∫01 B dB′ under quite general conditions. The theory is applied to vector autoregressions with integrated processes.
Characterization of solid and metal element distributions in urban highway stormwater

Urban drainage from paved surfaces transports a wide gradation of solids ranging from sub-micron particles to gravel size aggregates. This study measured physical characteristics of solids transported in lateral pavement sheet flow from a heavily traveled urban roadway in Cincinnati. The physical characteristic measured was particle size which was used as a surrogate of specific surface area. Solids were sorted according to particle size distributions (PSD). Solids ranged from smaller than 1 μm to greater than 10,000 μm. Particles larger than 25 μm were separated mechanically to generate PSDs. Flow rate and duration controlled the yield and size of transported solids. Metal element analysis of PSD from snow and rainfall events indicate that Zn, Cu and Pb mass increase with decreasing particle size. Cd did not exhibit a similar trend. Results provide guidance for assessment of urban runoff water quality impacts and design of in-situ treatment strategies.
Stability criteria for emulsions

The coalescence of monodisperse silicone oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate has been studied. We report the existence of a sharp destabilization threshold, controlled by surfactant chemical potential, osmotic pressure, and droplet diameter, at which the rate of coalescence increases dramatically. We present evidence that the stability of the emulsions can be characterized by two microscopic parameters: a minimum stable value of the surfactant chemical potential and a maximum value of the pressure exerted upon a droplet-droplet interface.
Angular emission profiles of dye molecules excited by surface plasmon waves at a metal surface

Abstract The angular distribution of fluorescence emission from dye molecules excited by surface plasmon waves in a silver film is reported. Coupling of the emitted fluorescence to a surface plasmon mode at the Stokes shifted wavelength results in a sharply peaked angular profile in the prism half space. Fresnel theory is used to model experimental results obtained for thick and thin sample dye films and for micron-size particles containing dye.
Failure of wild-type or a mutant form of protein kinase C-α to transform fibroblasts

A mutant form of the alpha-isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) was recently isolated from an ultraviolet radiation-induced murine fibrosarcoma cell line and reported to transform mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on transfection. Four point mutations in the regulatory domain were assumed to be responsible for its oncogenicity and unusual preference for membrane localization. Here, we report that overexpression of the reported mutant PKC alpha complementary DNA in three fibroblast cell lines, including BALB/c 3T3, does not enable these cells to grow in soft agar or nude mice. In addition, this mutant PKC alpha form seems to be indistinguishable from the wild-type PKC alpha with respect to its dependence on cofactors, phorbol ester binding, subcellular distribution and its effects on growth and morphology. These results fail to confirm the previous study and indicate that overexpression of either the wild-type or the reported mutant form of PKC alpha does not transform rodent fibroblasts.
Uptake and Metabolism of the Novel Peptide Angiotensin-(1-12) by Neonatal Cardiac Myocytes

Background Angiotensin-(1–12) [Ang-(1–12)] functions as an endogenous substrate for the productions of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) by a non-renin dependent mechanism. This study evaluated whether Ang-(1–12) is incorporated by neonatal cardiac myocytes and the enzymatic pathways of 125I-Ang-(1–12) metabolism in the cardiac myocyte medium from WKY and SHR rats. Methodology/Principal Findings The degradation of 125I-Ang-(1–12) (1 nmol/L) in the cultured medium of these cardiac myocytes was evaluated in the presence and absence of inhibitors for angiotensin converting enzymes 1 and 2, neprilysin and chymase. In both strains uptake of 125I-Ang-(1–12) by myocytes occurred in a time-dependent fashion. Uptake of intact Ang-(1–12) was significantly greater in cardiac myocytes of SHR as compared to WKY. In the absence of renin angiotensin system (RAS) enzymes inhibitors the hydrolysis of labeled Ang-(1–12) and the subsequent generation of smaller Ang peptides from Ang-(1–12) was significantly greater in SHR compared to WKY controls. 125I-Ang-(1–12) degradation into smaller Ang peptides fragments was significantly inhibited (90% in WKY and 71% in SHR) in the presence of all RAS enzymes inhibitors. Further analysis of peptide fractions generated through the incubation of Ang-(1–12) in the myocyte medium demonstrated a predominant hydrolytic effect of angiotensin converting enzyme and neprilysin in WKY and an additional role for chymase in SHR. Conclusions/Significance These studies demonstrate that neonatal myocytes sequester angiotensin-(1–12) and revealed the enzymes involved in the conversion of the dodecapeptide substrate to biologically active angiotensin peptides.
Enhanced Interplanetary Scintillations associated with Solar Flares

DURING the past year, a survey of radio sources at 195, 430, and 611 Mc/s has been undertaken at the Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory to determine the sources which scintillate as a result of irregularities in the interplanetary medium. The degree of the intensity scintillations observed on the Earth depends on the integrated fluctuations in the electron density along the line of sight in the interplanetary medium and on the scale size of these fluctuations1. Thus, by monitoring those sources which scintillate, some of the gross features of the interplanetary medium can be deduced. In particular, it should be possible to plot the passage of shock waves and the ejection of turbulent plasma associated with large solar flares, as the disturbance moves out from the Sun into the interplanetary region.
Gestational Weight Gain Among Hispanic Women

To describe gestational weight gain among Hispanic women and to examine psychological, social, and cultural contexts affecting weight gain. A total of 282 Hispanic women were surveyed post-partum before leaving the hospital. Women were queried about their prepregnancy weight and weight gained during pregnancy. Adequacy of gestational weight gain was based on guidelines set by the Institute of Medicine in 2009. Independent risk factors for excessive or insufficient weight gain were examined by logistic regression. Most women were unmarried (59 %), with a mean age of 28.4 ± 6.6 years and an average weight gain of 27.9 ± 13.3 lbs. Approximately 45 % of women had gained too much, 32 % too little, and only 24 % had an adequate amount of weight gain. The mean birth weight was 7.3, 7.9, and 6.8 lbs among the adequate, excessive, and insufficient weight gain groups. Among women who exercised before pregnancy, two-thirds continued to do so during pregnancy; the mean gestational weight gain of those who continued was lower than those who stopped (26.8 vs. 31.4 lbs, p = 0.04). Independent risk factors for excessive weight gain were being unmarried, U.S. born, higher prepregnancy body mass index, and having indifferent or negative views about weight gain. Independent risk factors for insufficient weight gain were low levels of support and late initiation of prenatal care. Depression, stress, and a woman’s or her partner’s happiness regarding pregnancy were unrelated to weight gain. The results of this study can be used by prenatal programs to identify Hispanic women at risk for excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain.
Chemical weathering rate laws and global geochemical cycles

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the recent kinetic work on water-rock interactions. Standard activity-activity diagrams are reinterpreted, using a mass transfer kinetic model and recent data on the relative rates of mineral reactions. The development of a fully integrated rate law is discussed, with special attention to the important effects of deviation from equilibrium on the rates of mineral-water reactions. The combined effects of temperature, pH, ionic strength, and saturation conditions on the overall dissolution and precipitation rates of minerals must be properly described before any seriously quantitative model of coupled fluid flow and chemical reaction can be undertaken. A rate law that integrates these effects is proposed. The functional dependence of the rate on ΔGr, the free energy change for the mineral reaction, is discussed, based on recent experimental work. An important result is the presence of a surface transition in the reaction mechanism leading to a very strong nonlinear dependence of the dissolution rates on ΔGr. The possible role of dislocation defects in this surface transition is discussed. The relation of global weathering rates and geochemical cycles to the recent experimental and theoretical water-rock kinetic work is explored. The temperature effect on the silica content of streams is reevaluated. The variation of silica concentration with runoff in the rivers of the world is quantified, using a coupled fluid flow and reaction model and the full rate law developed for a proto-granite system by the kinetic experiments. Implications of the water-rock kinetic data for the current geochemical cycles models are discussed with especial emphasis on the link between physical weathering and chemical weathering.
University-community partnering using a targeted mutual-interests approach

In this paper, we describe a six-year effort to create a university-community partnership in a disadvantaged neighborhood bordering Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. We discuss the traditional community research and development (TCR&D) model employed by universities and how assumptions made by the university about the capacities of community brokering agents can significantly influence both the time and trajectory of partnership building activities and the implementation of research and planning recommendations. We present a strategy of targeted mutual interests which can advance both university TCR&D and a community's social capital formation in an environment where initial social capital levels are low.
Physiological and behavioral effects of infantile stimulation

Abstract Male Purdue-Wistar rats were handled for 20 days in infancy or were not disturbed (total N = 312). In adulthood these animals were subdivided and tested in the open field for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days. Activity and defecation in the field were recorded. Following the termination of testing the animals were killed immediately, 5 min afterwards, or 15 min afterwards; and the free plasma corticosterone was assayed. Animals handled in infancy were more active in the open field on the last three test days, defecated less in the field on all four test days, and had a lesser corticosterone response on all four test days. These data allow one to draw the general conclusion that stimulation in infancy results in an animal which is less responsive to novel stimuli (i.e., is less emotional) as measured both at the behavioral and physiological level. In addition, the corticosterone response was found to increase as a function of time between removing from the open field and killing; and to decrease as a function of number of days of open field testing.
High-Cycle Fatigue of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films in Laboratory Air

When subjected to alternating stresses, most materials degrade, e.g., suffer premature failure, due to a phenomenon known as fatigue . It is generally accepted that in brittle materials, such as ceramics, cyclic fatigue can only take place where there is some degree of toughening, implying that premature fatigue failure would not be expected in polycrystalline silicon where such toughening is absent. However, the fatigue failure of polysilicon is reported in the present work, based on tests on thirteen thin-film (2 μm thick) specimens cycled to failure in laboratory air (∼25°C, 30-50% relative humidity), where damage accumulation and failure of the notched cantilever beams were monitored electrically during the test. Specimen lives ranged from about 10 seconds to 34 days (5 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 11 cycles) with the stress amplitude at failure being reduced to ∼50% of the low-cycle strength for lives in excess of 10 9 cycles.
Managing the quality circle process: a new investigation of Toyota's QC practices

Quality circles (QCs) originated in Japan and have been adopted by the US companies since 1970s, which is generally recognised to have numerous benefits including increased productivity, raised employee motivation and cost reduction. While many companies try to follow Toyota's success by formulating similar QCs, many practitioners are not aware of the emphasis of QCs that Toyota focuses on. This work investigates the QCs programme in Toyota to discover why QCs can achieve success in Toyota and the difficulty of implementing them in other companies. This paper utilises a form of data mining technique as latent semantic analysis to analyse Toyota's achievement in QCs. This work examines the importance of the outcomes for QCs, and one of them is the learning of each individual within the circles rather than the actual results produced from the circles. These new insights will provide an increased understanding of Toyota's QCs programme.
The Implications of Culture and Identity: A Professor's Engagement with a Reform Collaborative

In this study, part of a larger United States project investigating K16 teachers and science reform, we seek to understand how a science professor's participation in a large-scale reform effort affects her conceptions of teaching, teachers, and reform. The topic in this study concerned how the professor's teaching identity was modified and created by the reform effort as she mediated her participation. A multiple-method approach utilizing (a) semi-structured interviews/correspondences with four students and the professor, (b) classroom observations, and (c) field notes, comprised the data collection. Results indicated that, although the professor was inclined to “try out” new teaching strategies in her classroom, the project failed to create pedagogical dissonance thus leading to her lack of desire to accommodate a more inquiry-based pedagogy.