cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sodium deficiency and salt appetite in ICR: CD1 mice.

Abstract Using an outbred strain of mouse, we examined several characteristics of sodium appetite induced by depletion. We found that an appetite for 0.15 M NaCl solution was stimulated 24 h after injection of furosemide and access to a low-sodium diet, but not by low-sodium diet alone. When the duration of exposure to low-sodium diet was increased from 1 to 7 days, there was no additional effect on either the appetite or the blood plasma changes including elevated hematocrit ratio, protein and aldosterone concentrations, and plasma renin activity (PRA). Mice also showed an appetite for hypertonic (0.5 M) NaCl in solutions or in a gel matrix; the intakes of these two were comparable but the gel measurement was gravimetric so maybe more accurate. In the same study, we showed that single injections of either 10 or 40 mg/kg furosemide followed by a 24-h low-sodium diet produced similar appetites, but that 2.5 mg/kg had a submaximal effect. Lastly, we further validated the use of the gel matrix by showing in chronically depleted mice that intake was inversely related to NaCl concentration in the range 0.5–1.5 M, and that appetite was selective for sodium but not the anion with which it was paired.
IN LIEU OF MONTHLY TESTS

Author's Summary.— An outline of short daily tests which have proved helpful to both teacher and student in checking on progress. They are offered as a substitute for the long monthly test as being time savers and most satisfactory.
Pseudospectral methods on massively parallel computers

Abstract Parallel algorithms are presented for the Fourier pseudospectral method and parts of the Chebyshev pseudospectral method. Performance of these schemes is reported as implemented on the NCUBE hypercube. The problem to which these methods are applied is the time integration of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Despite serious communication requirements, the efficiencies are high; e.g., 92% for a 128 3 mesh on 1024 processors. Benchmark timings rival those of optimized codes on supercomputers.
Tactical and strategic models for satellite customer assignment

In this paper we develop tactical and strategic models for assignments of customers to satellite channels. We solve this problem using mixed integer–linear programming, and study the managerial impacts of our models. As a managerial tool, the optimal placement of customer channels to minimize transponder re-balancing was found to have a real and observable profit potential in excess of $54 million for the GE Spacenet series geosynchronous orbit satellites. Further managerial findings and computational results are presented.
Challenges for family medicine and for family physicians.

To the Editor: One of the challenges for family medicine and for family physicians who are committed to research and publishing is that our discipline, more than almost any other, is practice-based. Unlike many medical and surgical subspecialties, we were not born in a laboratory. Following this
A simulation case study from an instructional design framework

Abstract This study applies the principles of instructional design to the development and evaluation of simulation instruction for entry-level nursing students. The first scenario was unveiled in the fall of 2006 with a group of evening students in the final week of nursing fundamentals. Throughout the next two semesters, the simulation scenario was continuously evaluated and adapted to meet the needs of the students. Instructional design focused on the application of basic skills, patient safety, and student-to-patient communication.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment Scanner Instrument

Orbital measurements of the earth's radiation budget are being made from several spacecraft launched in the latter part of 1984. Three sets of instruments have been designed to measure the incident solar flux, the earth's long-wave emitted radiation, and the earth's reflected radiation more accurately than have been measured before. These instruments consist of a three-channel narrow field of view scanning radiometer and a four-channel wide field of view staring nonscanner radiometer and a solar channel. The instruments are collecting data on spectral, spatial, and temporal scales specified by scientists and researchers in the weather and climate discipline. The scanning radiometer, the subject of this paper, is designed to yield small-scale definition for measurements taken by the nonscanner and thereby test convolution/deconvolution techniques used on wide field of view data. The scanning radiometer is also expected to yield bidirectional reflectance data as an aid in radiation transfer modeling calculations.
Spectral enhancement of near uv xenon flashlamps

The addition of certain elements to xenon flashlamps can result in a factor of 2–3 enhancement of the emitted energy in the 2500–3000-A spectral range. The degree of enhancement is dependent on the dopant and discharge current.
Conducting ethical research in pediatric emergency medicine

Abstract As investigators design and implement research protocols, they should be aware of the ethical and legal requirements that govern research with human participants. This is especially true of research that involves children and other vulnerable groups. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the regulatory and ethical requirements that relate to research involving children in the emergency department (ED) setting. For research in the ED to satisfy ethical and legal requirements, it must be scientifically sound and significant, subject selection must be fair, approaching families for enrollment must avoid pressure, the risks to participants cannot be excessive and must be minimized, risks must be justified by the benefits of the research, informed consent and assent must be obtained where appropriate, enrolled subjects must be respected, and the protocol must have obtained approval of an independent ethical review board.
A NEW GENUS FOR CHLENIAS FUCATA FELDER AND ROGENHOFER (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE: ENNOMINAE) AND A NEW TASMANIAN SPECIES

Plesanemma gen. n. is proposed for the Australian ennomine Chlenias fucata, referred to the related genus Mnesampela Guest by later authors. This, and a new species from Tasmania (P. altafucata sp. n.) are described and figured, and some details of their biology provided. Copyright © 1984, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
Minimizing analyte electrolysis in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a redox buffer coated emitter electrode

An emitter electrode with an electroactive poly(pyrrole) (PPy) polymer film coating was constructed for use in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The PPy film acted as a surface-attached redox buffer limiting the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode. While extensive oxidation of selected analytes (reserpine and amodiaquine) was observed in positive ion mode ESI using a bare metal (gold) emitter electrode, the oxidation was suppressed for these same analytes when using the PPy-coated electrode. A semi-quantitative relationship between the rate of oxidation observed and the interfacial potential of the emitter electrode was shown. The redox buffer capacity, and therefore the lifetime of the redox buffering effect, correlated with the oxidation potential of the analyte and with the magnitude of the film charge capacity. Online reduction of the PPy polymer layer using negative ion mode ESI between analyte injections was shown to successfully restore the redox buffering capacity of the polymer film to its initial state.
Stroke Survivors' Perceptions of Social Participation After Stroke

Social participation is a key component of healthy aging, and stroke survivors often face challenges in this area. In this article, I will provide insight into stroke survivors' perceptions of soci...
Some paradoxical effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis on protein turnover in cultured human cells

Low concentrations ofcycloheximide, sufficient to block net protein synthesis in growing normal and cancer cells, had no effect on protein turnover, i.e. either the incorporation of labeled amino acids from media lacking other amino acids essential for growth, or the loss to the medium of amino acids from prelabeled cells. At the concentrations that blocked growth, the rate of amino acid incorporation from complete medium was reduced to the “quo;turnover level,” i.e. the rate of incorporation seen in amino acid-deficient media. Protein turnover was inhibited only at higher concentrations of the inhibitor. Qualitatively similar results have been obtained with puromycin, anisomycin, emetin and tylocerebrine.
A realtime fuzzy Petri net diagnoser for detecting progressive faults in PLC based discrete manufacturing system

In this paper, we explored a realtime fuzzy Petri net approach to diagnose progressive faults in discrete manufacturing systems. Progressive faults are usually caused by deterioration or aging and show stochastic properties. Some researchers have reported how to detect abrupt faults in discrete manufacturing systems using Petri net. However, little research has been conducted on Petri net diagnoser to progressive faults in discrete manufacturing event systems. To tackle this problem, we explored an approach including a realtime Petri net model and a fuzzy Petri net diagnoser to replicate the plant and detect faults in discrete manufacturing systems. The realtime Petri net model monitors events generated from the discrete manufacturing system, also compares the outputs and pre-settings. Once a difference is detected, it will start the fuzzy Petri net diagnoser to locate faults. For the purpose of validation, this approach was implemented with Visual Basic for diagnosing a dual robot arm. Evaluation experiments validated the diagnoser's performance on accuracy and diagnosability. It illustrated that the proposed approach can have a high accuracy rate of 93% and maximum diagnosis delay of eight steps; it proves that the approach has the capability of integrating knowledge and handling uncertainties. It also remedies the nonsynchronization between the diagnoser and the plant. The approach to construct the model and diagnoser is systematic; it has an excellent projection on intermittent fault diagnosis and hybrid systems.
Bronchogenic cysts in children

Radiographic, surgical and pathological features of 33 paediatric patients with bronchogenic cysts are reviewed. These congenital lesions usually presented as spheroid mediastinal masses, near the carina or right paratracheal area, 2–3 cm in diameter with sharply delineated borders. Occasionally, the masses were lobulated or triangular in shape. Some cysts produced considerable airway distortion. All intrapulmonary cysts had connections, sometimes patent, with the trachea or main-stem bronchi. Thin-walled, completely aerated cysts became thick-walled with infection. A few air-filled and solid cysts grew rapidly. Cystic lung disease distal to central bronchogenic cysts was observed.
Structure and bias in the network autocorrelation model

Abstract In a recent paper ( Mizruchi and Neuman, 2008 ), we showed that estimates of ρ in the network autocorrelation model exhibited a systematic negative bias and that the magnitude of this bias increased monotonically with increases in network density. We showed that this bias held regardless of the size of the network, the number of exogenous variables in the model, and whether the matrix W was normalized or in raw form. The networks in our simulations were random, however, which raises the question of the extent to which the negative bias holds in various structured networks. In this paper, we reproduce the simulations from our earlier paper on a series of networks drawn to represent well-known structures, including star, caveman, and small-world structures. Results from these simulations indicate that the pattern of negative bias in ρ continues to hold in all of these structures and that the negative bias continues to increase at increasing levels of density. Interestingly, the negative bias in ρ is especially pronounced at extremely low-density levels in the star network. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings.
Approximate analytic solutions for singular non-linear oscillators

Mickens (1981, 1984) has considered analytic techniques for obtaining approximate solutions to one-dimensional nonlinear oscillatory systems x(double-dot) + x = lambda f(x, x/dot/, lambda) where lambda is a small positive parameter and f is a nonlinear polynomial function of its arguments. However, in certain cases there is interest in the analysis of physical systems for which the nonlinear function f(x, x/dot/, lambda) is singular for finite values of x or x(dot). The present investigation is concerned with the use of existing approximate analytic schemes to obtain solutions to singular nonlinear oscillatory differential equations.
Identification of therapeutic candidates for chronic lymphocytic leukemia from a library of approved drugs.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an adult lymphoid malignancy with a variable clinical course. There is considerable interest in the identification of new treatments, as most current approaches are not curative. While most patients respond to initial chemotherapy, relapsed disease is often resistant to the drugs commonly used in CLL and patients are left with limited therapeutic options. In this study, we used a luminescent cell viability assay based on ATP levels to find compounds that were potent and efficacious in killing CLL cells. We employed an in-house process of quantitative high throughput screening (qHTS) to assess 8 concentrations of each member of a 2,816 compound library (including FDA-approved drugs and those known to be bio-active from commercial suppliers). Using qHTS we generated potency values on each compound in lymphocytes donated from each of six individuals with CLL and five unaffected individuals. We found 102 compounds efficacious against cells from all six individuals with CLL (“consensus” drugs) with five of these showing low or no activity on lymphocytes from a majority of normal donors, suggesting some degree of specificity for the leukemic cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study to screen a drug library against primary CLL cells to identify candidate agents for anti-cancer therapy. The results presented here offer possibilities for the development of novel drug candidates for therapeutic uses to treat CLL and other diseases.
Glycyldodecylamide, a phencyclidine behavioral antagonist, blocks cortical glycine uptake : Implications for schizophrenia and substance abuse

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists induce psychotomimetic effects in humans that closely resemble negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. NMDA agonists, in contrast, may significantly ameliorate such symptoms. In rodents, phencyclidine (PCP) and other NMDA antagonists induce a hyperlocomotory syndrome that is reversed by NMDA agonists. The present study investigates the mechanism of action of glycyldodecylamide (GDA), a drug that is 80-fold more potent than glycine in reversing PCP-induced hyperactivity in rodents. At concentrations relevant to its behavioral actions, GDA significantly inhibits forebrain glycine uptake, indicating that glycine uptake inhibition may provide effective treatment for PCP psychosis and PCP psychosis-like symptoms of schizophrenia.
Treatment with escitalopram but not desipramine decreases escape latency times in a learned helplessness model using juvenile rats

Rationale The pharmacological treatment of depression in children and adolescents is different from that of adults due to the lack of efficacy of certain antidepressants in the pediatric age group. Our current understanding of why these differences occur is very limited. Objectives To develop more effective treatments, a juvenile animal model of depression was tested to validate it as a possible model to specifically study pediatric depression. Materials and methods Procedures for use with juvenile rats at postnatal day (PND) 21 and 28 were adapted from the adult learned helplessness model in which, 24 h after exposure to inescapable stress, animals are unable to remove themselves from an easily escapable stressor. Rats were treated for 7 days with either the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram at 10 mg/kg or the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine at 3, 10, or 15 mg/kg to determine if treatment could decrease escape latency times. Results Escitalopram treatment was effective at decreasing escape latency times in all ages tested. Desipramine treatment did not decrease escape latency times for PND 21 rats, but did decrease times for PND 28 and adult animals. Conclusions The learned helplessness model with PND 21 rats predicts the efficacy of escitalopram and the lack of efficacy of desipramine seen in the treatment of pediatric depression. These findings suggest that the use of PND 21 rats in a modified learned helplessness procedure may be a valuable model of human pediatric depression that can predict pediatric antidepressant efficacy and be used to study antidepressant mechanisms involved in pediatric depression.
An 125I-labeled N6-substituted azido analog of NAD+ for the photoaffinity labeling of NAD(+)-linked enzymes.

Abstract 125I-N6-(N-[6-N-(5-iodo-4-azidosalicyl)-aminohexyl]- aminocarbamoylmethyl)-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (125I-N6-I-ASA-AH-NAD+) was synthesized by coupling N6-([6-aminohexyl]-carbamoylmethyl)-NAD+ with 4-azidosalicylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester followed by radioiodination. The utility of 125I-N6-I-ASA-AH-NAD+ as an effective site-directed photoprobe was demonstrated by the photolabeling of both glutamate dehydrogenase and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Both enzymes can be saturated with labeled probe with apparent dissociation constants comparable to those reported for NAD+. Photoincorporation of the probe into both enzymes was found to be protected specifically by NAD+. These results indicate that 125I-N6-I-ASA-AH-NAD+ can be a specific photoprobe for NAD(+)-linked enzymes.
Prospective analysis of a fever evaluation algorithm after major gynecologic surgery

Abstract Objective: We performed a prospective trial to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of a postoperative fever algorithm that is based on symptoms and physical examination in an attempt to decrease the random use of urine cultures, blood cultures, and chest radiographs. Study Design: Our fever algorithm consisted of assessing all febrile postoperative patients for signs and symptoms of infection. If none were present, no tests were ordered. Results: Twenty-eight of 105 consecutive patients (27%) had postoperative fever after major gynecologic surgery. Three of 28 febrile patients (11%) were evaluated with tests according to the algorithm. Two of 28 febrile patients (7%) were evaluated in violation of the algorithm. Four febrile patients (14%) had documented infections. Two patients had infections within the first 30 days after discharge. Compared with our previous retrospective review, significantly fewer febrile patients were evaluated with testing with a significantly increased yield of positive test results. Conclusions: Our postoperative fever evaluation algorithm that is based on symptoms and physical examination is feasible, is safe, decreases random testing, and increases the yield of positive test results. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1066-7.)
Boundary treatment effects on molecular dynamics simulations of interface thermal resistance

Molecular Dynamics simulations of heat conduction in liquid Argon confined in Silver nano-channels are performed subject to three different thermal conditions. Particularly, different surface temperatures are imposed on Silver domains using a thermostat in all and limited number of solid layers, resulting in heat flux in the liquid domain. Alternatively, energy is injected and extracted from solid layers to create a NVE liquid Argon system, which corresponds to heat flux specification. Imposition of a constant temperature region in the solid domain results in an unphysical temperature jump, indicating the presence of an artificial thermal resistance induced by the thermostat. Thermal resistance analyses for the components of each case are performed to distinguish the artificial and interface thermal resistance effects. Constant wall temperature simulations are shown to exhibit superposition of the artificial and interface thermal resistance values at the liquid/solid interface, while applying thermostat on wall layers sufficiently away from the liquid/solid interface results in consistent predictions of the interface thermal resistance. Injecting and extracting energy from each solid layer eliminates the artificial resistance. However, the method cannot directly specify a desired temperature difference between the two solid domains.
Semiclassical Yang-Mills theory I: Instantons

The partition functions of quantum Yang-Mills theory have an expansion in powers of the coupling constant; the leading order term in this expansion is called the semiclassical approximation. We study the semiclassical approximation for Yang-Mills theory on a compact Riemannian 4-manifold using geometric techniques, and do explicit calculations for the case when the manifold is the 4-sphere. This involves calculating the Riemannian measure and certain functional determinants on the moduli space of self-dual connections. The main result is that the contribution to the semiclassical partition functions coming from thek=1 connections on the 4-sphere isfinite andcalculable. We also discuss a renormalization procedure in which the radius of the 4-sphere is allowed to tend to infinity.
Stratospheric sudden coolings and the role of nonlinear wave interactions in preconditioning the circumpolar flow

The mechanisms responsible for the transition of the circumpolar flow from its normal midwinter state to the preconditioned state that should evolve before a wavenumber-2 major warming are investigated, through a combination of observational, numerical and theoretical studies. Observations of Eliassen-Palm flux cross sections indicate that while wave zonal mean flow interaction theory could account for the qualitative evolution of the circumpolar flow during the warming, substantial nonlinear wave interactions were active during the cooling period, and these interactions significantly influenced the evolution of the circumpolar flow. Numerical experiments employing a truncated, semispectral model indicate that this cooling phenomenon is realistically reproducible in an idealized integration in which wave-wave interactions are present. Two different mechanisms are proposed to account for these nonlinearities.
Spreading Depolarization-Induced Adenosine Accumulation Reflects Metabolic Status In Vitro and In Vivo:

Spreading depolarization (SD), a pathologic feature of migraine, stroke and traumatic brain injury, is a propagating depolarization of neurons and glia causing profound metabolic demand. Adenosine, the low-energy metabolite of ATP, has been shown to be elevated after SD in brain slices and under conditions likely to trigger SD in vivo. The relationship between metabolic status and adenosine accumulation after SD was tested here, in brain slices and in vivo. In brain slices, metabolic impairment (assessed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) autofluorescence and O2 availability) was associated with prolonged extracellular direct current (DC) shifts indicating delayed repolarization, and increased adenosine accumulation. In vivo, adenosine accumulation was observed after SD even in otherwise healthy mice. As in brain slices, in vivo adenosine accumulation correlated with DC shift duration and increased when DC shifts were prolonged by metabolic impairment (i.e., hypoglycemia or middle cerebral artery occlusion). A striking pattern of adenosine dynamics was observed during focal ischemic stroke, with nearly all the observed adenosine signals in the periinfarct region occurring in association with SDs. These findings suggest that adenosine accumulation could serve as a biomarker of SD incidence and severity, in a range of clinical conditions.
An approach to endemic multi-drug-resistant bacteria in nursing homes.

The management of endemic multi-drug–resistant organisms (MDRO) in nursing homes is a controversial topic. An expert committee from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) recently published a “Guideline for Preventing Nosocomial Transmission of Multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus.” The Guideline recommends that healthcare facilities (including skilled nursing facilities) with significant rates of resistant bacteria obtain surveillance cultures on high-risk patients to identify every colonized patient (Table 1). As an alternative to the SHEA recommendation of screening to identify every carrier, we recommend a universal approach that assumes that any resident may be a carrier of MDRO. If successfully implemented, known carriers could be approached with the facility’s standard secretion containment. We are not advocating relaxing current standards of care for known carriers of MDRO.
Cloning and Functional Characterization of PACAP‐Specific Receptors in Zebrafish

Two PACAP receptors were isolated from total zebrafish cDNA library prepared from 6-day old fish by a homology-based cloning strategy. The two zebrafish PACAP receptors have the same topology as the one found in other members of this class of seven membrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors. Each of the two zebrafish PACAP receptors shares about 70% sequence identity at the amino acid level with the human PACAP-type 1 receptor, and about 50% amino acid identity with PACAP/VIP R-1 and PACAP/VIP R-2 receptors. One of these zebrafish receptors contains the hop2 configuration found in the human and rat PACAP-type 1 receptors. On the basis of these structural characteristics the zebrafish PACAP receptors were classified as PACAP-type 1 and PACAP-type 2 receptors. In competitive binding experiments zebrafish PACAP-type 1 and PACAP-type 2 receptors showed similar binding specificity for zebrafish and human PACAP-38 and PACAP-27. Furthermore, the specificity of PACAP-type 1 and PACAP-type 2 receptors for zebrafish and human PACAPs is about 1,000-fold higher than for human VIP. These results demonstrate that zebrafish PACAP-type 1 receptor is a structural and pharmacological homolog of the mammalian PACAP-type 1 receptor. Additional pharmacological characterization is needed in order to classify the zebrafish PACAP-type 2 receptor.
Dissecting the role of the γ-subunit in the rotary-chemical coupling and torque generation of F1-ATPase.

Unraveling the molecular nature of the conversion of chemical energy (ATP hydrolysis in the α/β-subunits) to mechanical energy and torque (rotation of the γ-subunit) in F1-ATPase is very challenging. A major part of the challenge involves understanding the rotary–chemical coupling by a nonphenomenological structure–energy description, while accounting for the observed torque generated on the γ-subunit and its change due to mutation of this unit. Here we extend our previous study that used a coarse-grained model of the F1-ATPase to generate a structure-based free energy landscape of the rotary–chemical process. Our quantitative analysis of the landscape reproduced the observed torque for the wild-type enzyme. In doing so, we found that there are several possibilities of torque generation from landscapes with various shapes and demonstrated that a downhill slope along the chemical coordinate could still result in negligible torque, due to ineffective coupling of the chemistry to the γ-subunit rotation. We then explored the relationship between the functionality and the underlying sequence through systematic examination of the effect of various parts of the γ-subunit on free energy surfaces of F1-ATPase. Furthermore, by constructing several types of γ-deletion systems and calculating the corresponding torque generation, we gained previously unknown insights into the molecular nature of the F1-ATPase rotary motor. Significantly, our results are in excellent agreement with recent experimental findings and indicate that the rotary–chemical coupling is primarily established through electrostatic effects, although specific contacts through γ-ionizable residue side chains are not essential for establishing the basic features of the coupling.
Damage creation in ion irradiated Si1−xGex/Si structures

Abstract Strained SiGe/Si structures have been proposed as substrates for fabrication of high speed metal oxide semiconductor transistors. However, influence of strain and/or presence of Ge atoms on damage creation during ion irradiation have not been explored to a significant extent. In this study, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterize Si 1− x Ge x /Si structures irradiated by 140 keV He + ions at room temperature. When compared with pure Si, strained samples show enhanced damage accumulation as a function of He fluence. Channeling angular scans did not reveal any specific configuration of displacements. Possible mechanisms for enhanced damage in strained Si are discussed.
New fashions in vesicle coats.

Clathrin-coated vesicles are responsible for the sorting transport of membrane proteins within cells. Their co of the self-assembling protein clathrin, and adaptor r. interact with the vesicle cargo and localize clathrin tc Recently, novel clathrin-like and adaptor-like proteins identified. Here, Frances Brodsky discusses various in these findings, including the possibility that the novel expanded functions beyond the conventional roles of the in coated-vesicle formation. In this context, the mech which coats influence vesicle formation is reconsidere
The Keeping Quality of Shell Eggs in Storage as Affected by Newcastle Disease

Abstract NEWCASTLE disease has now spread to every state in the union. When young stock is attacked, death losses run very high. In laying hens the disease causes little or no death loss, but egg production as well as egg quality are lowered in such flocks, so the economic loss is great. Beach (1943) showed that pneumoencephalitis (Newcastle) caused a sudden and drastic drop in egg production and a mortality of about 5 percent. Lorenz (1944) reported that eggs laid up to 45 days after an outbreak of Newcastle disease revealed these abnormal conditions: (1) Up to 10 percent of the eggs had abnormal air cells, many of which contained free-floating bubbles. (2) A high percent of the hens produced eggs with abnormal shells. (3) Albumen quality was decreased in nearly all eggs laid. Berg, et al. (1947) reported that albumen and shell quality were lower after a Newcastle disease attack . . .
Effect of Vitamin C, Environmental Temperature, Chlortetracycline, and Vitamin D3 on the Development of Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Chickens

Seven experiments were conducted to test the influence of dietary supplementary ascorbic acid on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens. Ascorbic acid supplementation significantly reduced the incidence and number of birds with a large mass of cartilage in the tibia in the first experiment but not in the two subsequent experiments. Because environmental temperature, microbial infection, and vitamin D3 status had been reported in the literature to influence ascorbic acid metabolism in the chicken, experiments were conducted to see if these variables could influence supplemental ascorbic acid effects on development of tibial dyschondroplasia. Results of the experiments indicated that none of these factors influenced the effect of ascorbic acid on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia. The presence of vitamin D3 in the diet significantly influences the incidence of this disorder.
Influences of water and substrate quality for periphyton in a montane stream affected by acid mine drainage

St. Kevin Gulch, a headwater stream of the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, receives acid mine drainage that maintains low pH, high concentrations of heavy metals, and high rates of metal hydroxide deposition. An acidtolerant alga, Ulothrix sp., is present below the source of mine drainage in St. Kevin Gulch, but its biomass is limited by the deposition rates of iron hydroxides, which are especially high near the source. An experimental diversion of the mine drainage increased the quality of water and improved the substrate condition through a reduction of deposition rates. During the first year of the experiment, Ulothrix became abundant in this reach. During the second year, pH increased to the point at which aluminum hydroxides precipitated from the stream water onto the streambed; this change inhibited the growth of all periphyton, including Ulothrix. The deposition rate of aluminum hydroxides, however, was less than that of iron hydroxides in stream reaches with high Ulothrix biomass, suggesting that metal hydroxides vary by type in their effect on periphyton.
Radiology and the oral surgeon.

Abstract The need for more comprehensive training in the special application of radiology to the practice of oral surgery has been outlined. One approach to the application of this concept has been presented in outline form to serve as a guide and stimulus in this direction.
Remote database access in the distributed computing environment

This paper describes the design, implementation and testing of a set of software modules that are used for remote database access in a distributed computing environment. The goal of our research and development is to implement a client server model using Structured Query Language (SQL) functions in the Open Software Foundation's (OSF) distributed computing environment (DCE). This design is compared with another which simply uses the sockets application programming interface (API), running over the transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), and is implemented in subroutines that act similar to the remote procedure call (RPC) generated stub code. The prototypes for the remote SQL access project are implemented using an IBM RISC System/6000 (the client) running the AIX operating system and an IBM AS/400 (the server) running the OS/400 operating system. We selected the AS/400 for its database abilities, and the RISC System/6000 since the DCE software is available for it.
Study of oxygen concentration dependence of the plasma-induced bactericidal effect against enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis are resilient anaerobic bacteria commonly isolated from persistent endodontic infections.1 They resist conventional intracanal medications by forming biofilms.2 Recent research has demonstrated the bactericidal effect of a non-thermal plasma against E. faecalis.3 In this in vitro study we investigated the efficacy of a nanosecond pulsed, atmospheric-pressure He-O2 plasma for treatment of E. faecalis grown on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs. The effect of oxygen concentration in the He-O2 mixture for generating non-thermal plasmas disinfecting E. faecalis was discussed. Microbiological analysis using culture and colony forming unit counting as well as confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging were used for the study.
Sequences upstream of the −35 hexamer of rrnB P1 affect promoter strength and upstream activation

Transcription from Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoters is increased about 20-fold in vivo by a DNA sequence (the Upstream Activation Region, UAR) located upstream of the -35 conserved hexamer. The UAR stimulates transcription through two mechanisms: one which involves binding of the Fis protein to the UAR, and another mechanisms which functions in the absence of additional protein factors. We have previously constructed a collection of mutations in the region upstream of the -35 hexamer of rrnB P1. Most of these mutations have either no effect on promoter activity or decrease activity 2-5-fold in vivo (Gaal, T., Barkei, J., Dickson, R.R., De Boer, H.A., De Haseth, P.L., Alavi, H. and Gourse, R.L.(1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 4852-4861). Two mutations leave both the -35 consensus hexamer and the Fis binding consensus sequence intact, yet have larger (14-50-fold) effects on transcription. One substitution just upstream of the -35 hexamer (a C to T change at position -37) primarily affects intrinsic promoter strength, leaving the UAR functional. On the other hand, a three base pair deletion (bases -38 through -40) severely reduces UAR-mediated activity. A substitution covering the three base pair deletion was constructed and found to be activated normally. UAR function appears dependent on its position relative to the RNA polymerase binding site, suggesting that a particular spatial geometry may be necessary for Fis-dependent and/or factor-independent activation to occur.
Inductive, coinductive, and pointed types

An extension of the simply-typed lambda calculus is presented which contains both well-structured inductive and coinductive types, and which also identifies a class of types for which general recursion is possible. The motivations for this work are certain natural constructions in category theory, in particular the notion of an algebraically bounded functor, due to Freyd. We propose that this is a particularly elegant core language in which to work with recursive objects, since the potential for general recursion is contained in a single operator which interacts well with the facilities for bounded iteration and coiteration.
Forward exchange rates in general equilibrium

Abstract This paper develops a two-country, overlapping-generations model of an economy with a forward market in foreign exchange. The equilibrium forward rate exhibits the conventional decomposition into the expected future spot rate, a convexity term and a risk premium. Unlike partial equilibrium models, however, the model expresses these terms as functions of the primitive structural parameters of the economy. It thus provides insights into the structure of the premium which may facilitate interpretation of empirical studies of the forward markets. In particular, it suggests that time-varying risk premia may arise from changes in the distribution of wealth between countries over time.
Abstract 5305: Phosphorylations of Serine-10 and Tyrosine-198 residues in the cytoplasmic mislocalized p27 are critical to migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and children. Metastasis is the major cause of death among osteosarcoma patients even with the advent of chemotherapy. Therefore, it is an urgent need to identify the key determinants of metastasis in osteosarcoma, so that new and effective therapeutic approaches can be developed to combat this deadly subtype of osteosarcoma. Recent studies have shown that the tumor suppressor protein p27 promotes metastasis when it is mislocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in some solid tumors. However, the subcellular localization of the p27 protein in osteosarcoma and its role in metastasis are not known. In this study, we found that 82% human osteosarcoma cases harbored cytoplasmic staining of p27 using a tissue microarray. An immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the p27 protein was localized in the nuclei of three pairs of non-metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines, but mislocalized in the cytoplasm of their metastatic sublines. Overexpression of a stable fusion construct of nuclear exporting sequence and p27 in a non-metastatic osteosarcoma cell line significantly increased tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro, suggesting that cytoplasmic p27 can promote metastatic potential in osteosarcoma cells. Site-directed mutagenesis on key phosphorylation sites of cytoplasmic p27 indicated that a mutation on Serine-10 or Tyrosine-198 residue abolished the promoting effects of p27 on cell motility and invasiveness, while a mutation on Tyrosine-157 had no effect. This result suggests that phosphorylations of these two residues are essential for tumor cell migration and invasion. Since mTOR signaling has been implicated in metastatic osteosarcoma, we tested if rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, can affect the subcellular localization of p27. We found that exogenous addition of the drug reversed the protein trafficking of p27 from the cytoplasm to the nuclei of metastatic osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that p27 may be a yet undiscovered player in the mTOR signaling of metastatic osteosarcoma. In summary, our results indicate that a novel relationship between p27 mislocalization and the metastatic potential of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, further characterizations of the role of cytoplasmic p27 and its phosphorylations may lead to the development of a new therapeutic approach for metastatic osteosarcoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5305. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5305
Aqueous ferrofluid of magnetite nanoparticles: Fluorescence labeling and magnetophoretic control.

A method is presented for the preparation of a biocompatible ferrofluid containing dye-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles that can serve as fluorescent markers. This method entails the surface functionalization of magnetite nanoparticles using citric acid to produce a stable aqueous dispersion and the subsequent binding of fluorescent dyes to the surface of the particles. Several ferrofluid samples were prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), BET surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and SQUID magnetometry. In addition, confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to study the response of the fluorescent nanoparticles to an applied magnetic field and their uptake by cells in vitro. Results are presented on the distribution of particle sizes, the fluorescent and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles, and the nature of their surface bonds. Biocompatible ferrofluids ...
Bone metastases in endometrial cancer: Report on 19 patients and review of the medical literature

Objective Because few cases of bone metastases of endometrial cancer have been reported, and information is scarce on their incidence, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes, we sought to compile a series of bone metastases of endometrial cancer and to systematically review the medical literature.
Measuring viscoelasticity of soft samples using atomic force microscopy.

Relaxation indentation experiments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to obtain viscoelastic material properties of soft samples. The quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) model formulated by Fung (1972, "Stress Strain History Relations of Soft Tissues in Simple Elongation, " in Biomechanics, Its Foundation and Objectives, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 181-207) for uniaxial compression data was modified for the indentation test data in this study. Hertz contact mechanics was used for the instantaneous deformation, and a reduced relaxation function based on continuous spectrum is used for the time-dependent part in the model. The modified QLV indentation model presents a novel method to obtain viscoelastic properties from indentation data independent of relaxation times of the test. The major objective of the present study is to develop the QLV indentation model and implement the model on AFM indentation data for 1% agarose gel and a viscoelastic polymer using spherical indenter.
An Operational Perspective of Challenging Statistical Dogma while Establishing a Modern, Secure Distributed Data Management and Imaging Transport System – The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Phase I Experience

The Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) is a multidisciplinary cooperative research organization devoted to the study of correlative tumor biology and new therapies for primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors of childhood. The PBTC was created in 1999 to conduct early-phase studies in a rapid fashion in order to provide sound scientific foundation for the Children's Oncology Group to conduct definitive trials. The Operations and Biostatistics Center (OBC) of the PBTC is responsible for centrally administering study design and trial development, study conduct and monitoring, data collection and management as well as various regulatory and compliance processes. The phase I designs utilized for the consortium trials have accommodated challenges unique to pediatric trials such as body surface area (BSA)-based dosing in the absence of pediatric formulations of oral agents. Further during the past decade, the OBC has developed and implemented a state-of-the-art secure and efficient internet-based paperless distributed data management system. Additional web-based systems are also in place for tracking and distributing correlative study data as well as neuroimaging files. These systems enable effective communications among the members of the consortium and facilitate the conduct and timely reporting of multi-institutional early-phase clinical trials.
No direct correlation between galactic cosmic rays and earth surface temperature

Abstract We have searched for a correlation between galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and global earth surface air temperature (GST) datasets going back to the year 1900. The linear correlation coefficient between GCRs and GST varies erratically, exhibiting both positive and negative values over time scales varying from about 5–20 years. Since the finding of no persistent correlation is not supported by predictive theory but is what one should expect for two random, un-correlated time series, we infer that GCRs do not influence global surface air temperature.
Premonitory Changes in Seismic Velocities and Prediction of Earthquakes

Large premonitory changes in ratio of seismic P and S velocities correlate with time of occurrence and size of earthquakes at Blue Mountain Lake, New York. These changes may be related to the opening of cracks or to changes in pore pressure.
Classification-based objective functions

Backpropagation, similar to most learning algorithms that can form complex decision surfaces, is prone to overfitting. This work presents classification-based objective functions, an approach to training artificial neural networks on classification problems. Classification-based learning attempts to guide the network directly to correct pattern classification rather than using common error minimization heuristics, such as sum-squared error (SSE) and cross-entropy (CE), that do not explicitly minimize classification error. CB1 is presented here as a novel objective function for learning classification problems. It seeks to directly minimize classification error by backpropagating error only on misclassified patterns from culprit output nodes. CB1 discourages weight saturation and overfitting and achieves higher accuracy on classification problems than optimizing SSE or CE. Experiments on a large OCR data set have shown CB1 to significantly increase generalization accuracy over SSE or CE optimization, from 97.86% and 98.10%, respectively, to 99.11%. Comparable results are achieved over several data sets from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Database Repository, with an average increase in accuracy from 90.7% and 91.3% using optimized SSE and CE networks, respectively, to 92.1% for CB1. Analysis indicates that CB1 performs a fundamentally different search of the feature space than optimizing SSE or CE and produces significantly different solutions.