cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power swing mechanism analysis of UHV AC pilot project

China's first cross-regional UHV AC pilot project of 1 000 kV,which made the interconnection between north China power grid and central China power grid by the line of Changzhi-Nanyang-Jingmen,had been put into operation at the end of 2008.After the commissioning,some tripping events occurred within the two grids and led to serious power swings on the UHV tie lines.Especially,the first-swing overshoot had made a threat against the security of the UHV system.Therefore,an analysis of its dynamic characteristics would be very critical.Data of the generator tripping events recorded by PMUs were analyzed to obtain some basic rules of UHV power flow.By the study of low-frequency oscillation mode arising from UHV interconnection,a conclusion was made that power flow fluctuations was due to the redistribution of the power shortage,and as the damping was strong,the fast convergence had been obtained.Mathematical models of the UHV power flow were derived by second-order system step response theory.The first swing recorded by PMUs and the steady state values by the calculation were compared.It is suggested that the theoretical calculation is correct and accurate.With the proposed method,the UHV power flow and first power swing can be obtained and utilized to predict the impacts of generator trippings on UHV systems.
Remodeling of abdominal aortic branch perfusion after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic dissections

Objective The fate of the abdominal aorta and its branches after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic dissection (TEVAR-AD) has not been studied. The objective of this study was to describe the midterm changes in abdominal aortic branch perfusion after TEVAR-AD. Methods A retrospective analysis of TEVAR-AD at a single institution from December 1, 2008, to March 31, 2015, was performed. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) images were reviewed to characterize the perfusion pattern changes of the celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, bilateral renal, and common iliac arteries. Risk factors associated with branch interventions were identified. Results During the study period, 68 patients underwent TEVAR-AD, 46 of whom had pre-TEVAR and post-TEVAR CTA images available for review. For post-TEVAR CTA, the most recent scans were selected for analysis. The mean period between CTA studies was 371 days. Indications for TEVAR-AD were persistent pain (41%), malperfusion (15%), rupture (6%), and aneurysmal degeneration (33%). Twenty-five patients (54%) were treated during the acute phase ( P = .012) and more extensive aortic zone coverage during TEVAR ( P = .003). On multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, coverage of four or more zones during TEVAR-AD was associated with branch intervention (odds ratio, 6.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-40.8). The estimated intervention-free patency of the abdominal aortic branches was 89% at 5 years. Conclusions Perfusion patterns of abdominal aortic branches remain largely stable after TEVAR-AD. The need for branch intervention is rare and associated with extensive aortic coverage.
Trabecular metal total ankle using transfibular approach

Category:Ankle ArthritisIntroduction/Purpose:The Trabecular Metal total ankle, introduced in 2012, is the most recent design of a lateral approach, total ankle replacement. The objectives of this s...
Lewin's Manifest Dream Exercise Revisited:

In an institute research class, the validity of Lewin's methodology in his manifest dream exercise was tested by a different approach. Class members developed a questionnaire based on two actual ma...
Beyond sex: Exploring the effects of femininity and masculinity on women’s use of influence tactics

Purpose – Influence tactics are prevalent in the workplace and are linked to crucial outcomes such as career success and helping behaviours. The authors argue that sex role identity affects women’s choice of influence tactics in the workplace, but they only receive positive performance ratings when their behaviours are congruent with gender role expectation. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that these relationships may be moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results suggest that femininity is negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship is moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 657 women working in the construction industry were surveyed for their continuance occupational commitment and sex role identity and 465 supervisors whose responses are linked with the subordinates are surveyed for the women’s influence tactics and performance ratings. Findings – Results suggested that femininity was negatively related to the use of influence tactics overall, and this relationship was moderated by occupational continuance commitment. Results also showed that women’s use of influence tactics was only positively received in terms of performance ratings when the influence tactic was congruent with gender role expectations. Research limitations/implications – The results of this current study suggest that not all women are equally likely to use influence tactics and not all tactics result in positive perceptions of performance. Feminine women in general refrain from using influence tactics unless they are driven to stay in a given occupation, but they only receive positive results when their behaviours are congruent with society’s gender role expectations. Originality/value – Past research has mostly focused on broad differences between males and females, and this study has shown that there are more nuanced differences that can more accurately describe the effects of gender disposition (i.e. sex role identity) on influence tactics. It also emphasizes the importance of occupational commitment as a boundary condition, which influences women to step out of their gender roles even though they may be penalized with lower performance ratings.
Demonstration of dual-polarization fiber ring laser for microwave generation

We demonstrate a photonic technique for the tunable generation of RF, microwave and millimeter wave signals with a single optical source. A dual-polarization supporting and maintaining fiber ring laser is constructed and its use as a tunable RF source is demonstrated.
First-Principles Study on the Stability and Electronic Properties of Bi-Doped Sr3Ti2O7

The electronic and crystal structural properties of Bi-doped Sr3Ti2O7 are studied using the first principles density functional theory (DFT) based on pseudopotentials basis and plane-wave method. Our results show that the formation energy of Bi doping in Site-1 and Site-2 of Sr3Ti2O7 increases with increasing doping concentration. And at the same doping concentration, the formation energy of Bi doping in Site-2 is lower than that in Site-1. The undoped Sr3Ti2O7 is found to be an insulator and its Fermi level stays at the top of the valence band. While the Fermi level of the Bi-doped Sr3Ti2O7 moves into the bottom of conduction band, the system undergoes an insulator-to-metal phase transition. Furthermore, our calculation results demonstrated that the Fermi level of the Bi-doped Sr3Ti2O7 goes deeper into the bottom of conduction band with increasing doping concentration.
Edward Said Meets Ameen Rihani: Lebanon's Forgotten Orientalism

Edward Said's famous statement, in Orientalism (1995), that Oriental scholars "still want to come and sit at the feet of American Orientalists" is belied by the writings of the Lebanese-American author Ameen Rihani (1876–1940). Following Said's death, and except for a few critically informed but scattered voices, the Orient vs. the West arena has been left to figures like Francis Fukuyama, Samuel Huntington, and Bernard Lewis, who have taken upon themselves the task of deciding—whether in overtly simplifying strategies or in covertly anti-Arab misreadings— the fate of the "Orient" and, thus, of settling the issue of how to deal with what has recently become the growing problem of the "Oriental" and, specifically, of the "Arab," in the wake of the events of September 11. Indeed, some of Said's most frustrating struggles have been with deconstructing a demonized, unitary representation of a religion not his own: Islam. Yet Ameen Rihani, another Arab Christian, presents one of the earliest attempts at narrat...
Double-uniform Schottky diode nonlinear transmission line generating sub-picosecond transients

We report a double-uniform Schottky diode nonlinear transmission line on gallium arsenide generating a sub-picosecond 7.2 volt transient, doubling the amplitude of the earlier record result. Our optimized diode structure provides both high cut-off frequency, high current saturation limit, and 2:1 capacitance modulation over 8 volts. Current saturation becomes a limiting factor for ultrafast waveforms when the diffusion current through the capacitive depletion region exceeds the current carrying capacity of the unde-pleted resistive region. This work highlights a critical design parameter for frequency generating diodes, providing the ground work for large power increases in ultrafast diode-based circuits.
Awakening Leviathan: The effect of democracy on state capacity:

Recent debates over the relative importance of democracy and state capacity for human development have led to the prevailing view that a strong state must be built before the introduction of democr...
Topical glycerin as an adjunct treatment for flat anterior chamber

I describe a case of flat anterior chamber following glaucoma filtration surgery in which glycerin was topically applied in order to reduce the risk of cataract formation and minimize corneal endothelial damage until definitive surgical intervention could be performed
q-Blossoming for analytic functions

We construct a q-analog of the blossom for analytic functions, the analytic q-blossom. This q-analog also extends the notion of q-blossoming from polynomials to analytic functions. We then apply this analytic q-blossom to derive identities for analytic functions represented in terms of the q-Poisson basis, including q-versions of the Marsden identity and the de Boor-Fix formula for analytic functions.
Competence and Satisfaction in Occupational Performance Among a Sample of University Students: An Exploratory Study.

Success at university may be influenced by concerns with occupation and occupational performance. To understand occupations of concern and occupational performance among a sample (N = 144) of unive...
SLA Elicitation Tasks

This chapter deals with two common elicitation procedures in second language acquisition (judgment tasks and elicited imitation). The chapter begins with a discussion of the uses and misuses of judgment data. The major focus is on the practicalities involved in collecting acceptability/grammaticality judgment data, although mention is also made of other types of judgment data (e.g., truth-value judgments) and an alternative to judgment data, namely, magnitude estimation. This section is followed by looking at elicited imitation. The chapter then addresses earlier controversies in using these data and elucidates best practices.
Modeling, Monitoring and Scheduling Techniques for Network Recovery from Massive Failures

Large-scale failures in communication networks due to natural disasters or malicious attacks can severely affect critical communications and threaten lives of people in the affected area. In the absence of a proper communication infrastructure, rescue operation becomes extremely difficult. Progressive and timely network recovery is, therefore, a key to minimizing losses and facilitating rescue missions. To this end, we focus on network recovery assuming partial and uncertain knowledge of the failure locations. We proposed a progressive multi-stage recovery approach that uses the incomplete knowledge of failure to find a feasible recovery schedule. Next, we focused on failure recovery of multiple interconnected networks. In particular, we focused on the interaction between a power grid and a communication network. Then, we focused on network monitoring techniques that can be used for diagnosing the performance of individual links for localizing soft failures (e.g. highly congested links) in a communication network. We studied the optimal selection of the monitoring paths to balance identifiability and probing cost. Finally, we addressed, a minimum disruptive routing framework in software defined networks. Extensive experimental and simulation results show that our proposed recovery approaches have a lower disruption cost compared to the state-of-the-art while we can configure our choice of trade-off between the identifiability, execution time, the repair/probing cost, congestion and the demand loss.
Energy price shocks, household location patterns and housing crises: Theory and implications

Abstract The U.S. housing collapse in 2007 is widely blamed for inducing a financial crisis that spread to the real economy and caused a severe and prolonged downturn. This paper develops a model to investigate the role of gasoline price shocks in triggering the housing market collapse and identifies a new channel through which energy price shocks affect the financial market and the macro economy. Results suggest that unanticipated gasoline price shocks increase the cost of work commutes, lower the value of homes away from the city center, and increase foreclosure rates as homeowners either cannot afford mortgage payments amid elevated gas expenditures or seek to abandon underwater homes. The model predicts that gasoline price shocks disproportionately affect suburban households that face greater exposure due to longer commutes and lower incomes. Empirical evidence from the 2007–08 housing collapse is presented to corroborate this theory.
Moose–Motor Vehicle Collision: A Continuing Hazard in Northern New England

Background Moose-motor vehicle collisions (MMVC) are especially dangerous to vehicle occupants because of the height and mass of the animal, which often collapses the roof and has a direct impact into the passenger compartment. Study Design Public data on MMVC were obtained from the states of New England (NE), and trauma registry data from centers in NH and ME. Results For all of NE, the annual incidence of reported MMVC has declined from a peak of >1,200 in 1998, but has still averaged >500 over the last 5 years, predominantly in ME, NH, and VT. Public education may have contributed to the decline, but the moose population has also apparently decreased due to environmental changes. In NE, MMVCs are most frequent in the summer months and evening hours. Maine data on crashes involving wild ungulates from 2003 to 2017 document 50,281 collisions with deer and 7,061 collisions with moose; 26 of the latter (0.37%) resulted in a human fatality. Logistic regression models demonstrate that vehicle occupant mortality, after controlling for multiple factors related to vehicle speed, is greatly increased when striking a moose rather than a deer (odds ratio [OR] 13.4, 95% CI 6.3, 28.7). In these data, there were no fatalities among occupants of Swedish cars, which are specifically engineered to tolerate MMVC. Three NH/ME trauma centers registered 124 cases of MMVC: median Injury Severity Score was 9; 5 patients died (4%); and 76 patients (61%) had injuries of the head, face, and/or cervical spine. Conclusions Moose-motor vehicle collisions remain a frequent and serious hazard to motor vehicle occupants in northern NE. Trauma services should recognize characteristic injury patterns. Continuing public education, cautious driving, and moose herd management are warranted.
Does Antithrombotic Drug Use Mandate Trauma Team Activation in Awake Geriatric Patients with Intracranial Hemorrhage

Antithrombotic (anticoagulant [AC] and antiplatelet [AP]) drugs have been associated with mortality in geriatric patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). It is unclear whether trauma team activation (TTA) in this cohort impacts outcome. Patients ≥65 years with a Glasgow Coma Scale of ≥13 and ICH over four years were included and were divided into three groups according to type of drug: group 1, AC with or without AP; group 2, AP only and; group 3, no AC or AP. The Rotterdam score was used to characterize the severity of CT findings. The primary outcome was inhospital mortality or transition to comfort measures. The secondary outcome was need for neurosurgical intervention within 48 hours. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate for predictors of each outcome. Of 419 patients, 20.5, 50.4, and 29.1 per cent belonged to groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with TTA occurring in 39.5, 18.0, and 32.0 per cent of the respective groups. Within each group, there were no differences for the primary and secondary outcomes whether or not TTA was triggered. TTA patients had shorter times to CT (median, 20 minutes versus 80 minutes, P < 0.0001) and to administration of reversal agents (median, 105 minutes versus 255 minutes, P < 0.0001). Age, head-Abbreviated Injury Score, and the Rotterdam score were predictors for both outcomes by multivariable analysis, whereas antithrombotic drug use and TTA were not. In awake elderly patients on antithrombotic drugs found to have ICH, TTA expedited evaluation and treatment but was not associated with mortality benefit.
Long-Run Effects of Forced Resettlement: Evidence from Apartheid South Africa

In an attempt to divide and marginalize the black population, the apartheid regime forcefully relocated some 3.5 million South Africans to rural homelands between 1960 and 1980. This event, considered one of history’s largest social engineering exercises, created overcrowded and economically deprived communities of displaced people. This article uses geo-coded data to explore the long-term effects of removals on current measures of social capital. Comparing people within the same homeland, I show that those living close to former resettlement camps have higher levels of trust towards members of their social network, people in general, and members of other ethnic groups. These findings are important, as solidarity among suppressed people is believed to be a critical factor in explaining the demise of the apartheid regime.
Motives Matter: Cannabis use motives moderate the associations between stress and negative affect

Young adults in the U.S. report high levels of stress which are known to contribute to depression and anxiety. Regular cannabis users frequently cite coping with stress as their primary motivation for use. However, research indicates that coping motives are associated with potentially negative outcomes, including cannabis-related problems and negative affect. Therefore, the theoretical rationale for the present study is that using cannabis to cope with stress may be maladaptive as it may exacerbate the same problems users are trying to ameliorate. That is, using cannabis to cope may potentiate links between stress and negative affect. We therefore sought to investigate whether cannabis use motives moderate the associations between stress and negative affect. A sample of 988 cannabis using college students completed an anonymous online survey containing measures of cannabis use, cannabis use motives, stress, depression, and anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive relationships between these variables. Moderation analyses indicated that coping motives was a significant moderator of the relationship between stress and depression, controlling for anxiety. In contrast, expansion and conformity motives were significant moderators of the relationship between stress and anxiety, controlling for depression. While cannabis may provide temporary relief from symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety, using cannabis to cope may be related to higher levels of depression, and use of cannabis for expansion and conformity may be related to higher levels of anxiety. These findings have practical implications and contribute to emerging evidence demonstrating that motives for cannabis use may predict differential mental health outcomes.
Stacked Regression and Poststratification

I develop a procedure for estimating local-area public opinion called stacked regression and poststratification (SRP), a generalization of classical multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP). This procedure employs a diverse ensemble of predictive models—including multilevel regression, LASSO, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and gradient boosting—to improve the cross-validated fit of the first-stage predictions. In a Monte Carlo simulation, SRP significantly outperforms MRP when there are deep interactions in the data generating process, without requiring the researcher to specify a complex parametric model in advance. In an empirical application, I show that SRP produces superior local public opinion estimates on a broad range of issue areas, particularly when trained on large datasets.
Load Variation Reduction by Aggregation in a Community of Rooftop PV Residences

This paper performs computational studies and develops control schemes for a virtual power plant (VPP) network formed by a community of homes with rooftop solar PV generation, and battery energy storage. Appropriate control and scheduling of the battery operations, and peer-peer power flow between the homes provide a possible solutions for reducing the higher costs and uncertainties brought to grid by high solar PV penetration. The residential community studied here includes twelve homes categorized into four types depending on whether they have energy storage or rooftop solar PV panels. The homes exchange power among themselves, and the real-time electricity rate and the energy assignment for each are decided based on their individual bidding schemes. The homes benefit due to the lower electricity rate enabled by this aggregation, as compared with that available from the utility grid. In this work, the PV generation and load consumption for the different types of homes are calculated from building models. Simulation studies demonstrate that the advantages of the proposed transactive power flow include lower maximum power demand as well as reduced peak-peak power on the duck curve.
Step-Based Tutoring Software for Complex Procedures in Circuit Analysis

(Innovative Practice, Work in Progress.) Step-based tutoring systems, in which each step of a student’s work is accepted by a computer using special interfaces and provided immediate feedback, are known to be more effective in promoting learning than traditional and more common answer-based tutoring systems, in which only the final (usually numerical) answer is evaluated. Prior work showed that this approach can be highly effective in the domain of linear circuit analysis in teaching topics involving relatively simple solution procedures. Here, we demonstrate a novel application of this approach to more cognitively complex, multi-step procedures used to analyze linear circuits using the superposition and source transformation methods. Both methods require that students interactively edit a circuit diagram repeatedly, interspersed with the writing of relevant equations. Scores on post-tests and student opinions are compared using a blind classroom-based experiment where students are randomly assigned to use either the new system or a commercially published answer-based tutoring system on these topics. Post-test scores are not statistically significantly different but students prefer the step-based system by a margin of 84 to 11% for superposition and 68 to 23% for source transformations.
Research Note on Captive Atlantic Flows: Estimating Missing Data by Slave-Voyage Routes

This essay provides new estimates of the number of captives carried in the Atlantic slave trade during each decade from the 1650s to the 1860s. It relies on two categories of known data—on the routes of voyages and the numbers of captives recorded on those voyages—as a basis for estimation of missing data and totals of captive flows. It uses techniques of Bayesian statistics to estimate missing data on routes and flows of captives. As a framework for the Bayesian estimates, it focuses on analysis of 40 distinct routes linking the African coast to the Americas and traces the captive flows—that is, the number of captives embarked on or disembarked from voyages along those routes. The dataset that provides the basis for this research note is available at: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/6HLXO3.
Abstract 13655: Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Prediction of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease and Total Mortality: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (cardia) Study

Introduction: The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)Guidelines proposed a chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk assessment matrix based on estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) together ...
Reward-related responses and tonic craving in cocaine addiction: an imaging study of the monetary incentive delay task

BACKGROUND Cocaine addiction is associated with altered sensitivity to natural reinforcers and intense drug craving. However, previous findings on reward-related responses were mixed, and few studies have examined whether reward responses relate to tonic cocaine craving. METHODS We combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and a monetary incentive delay task to investigate these issues. Imaging data were processed with published routines, and the results were evaluated with a corrected threshold. We compared reward responses of 50 cocaine-dependent individuals (CDs) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) for the ventral striatum (VS) and the whole brain. We also examined the regional responses in association with tonic cocaine craving, as assessed by the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ) in CDs. We performed mediation analyses to evaluate the relationship between regional responses, CCQ score, and recent cocaine use. RESULTS The VS showed higher activation to large as compared with small or no wins, but this reward-related activity did not differ between CDs and HCs. The precentral gyrus (PCG), anterior insula, and supplementary motor area showed higher activation during large vs no wins in positive correlation with the CCQ score in CDs. Mediation analyses suggested that days of cocaine use in the prior month contributed to higher CCQ scores and, in turn, PCG reward responses. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight a unique relationship between reward responses of the primary motor cortex, tonic cocaine craving, and recent cocaine use. The motor cortex may partake in the cognitive motor processes critical to drug-seeking behavior in addicted individuals.
Preoperative Predictors of Same-Day Discharge After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background In January 2020, The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services approved total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to be performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). This study aims to develop a predictive model for targeting appropriate patients for ASC-based TKA. Methods A retrospective review of 2266 patients (205 same-day discharge [SDD; 9.0%] and 2061 one-day length of stay [91.0%]) undergoing TKA at a regional medical center between July 2016 and September 2020 was conducted. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of SDD, as these patients represent those most likely to safely undergo TKA in an ASC. Results Controlling for other demographics and comorbidities, patients with the following characteristics were at reduced odds of SDD: increased age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.935, P Conclusion For patients undergoing primary TKA, increased age, body mass index ≥35, female gender, nonwhite race, primary hypertension, ≥3 comorbidities, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 decrease the likelihood of SDD. A predictive model based on readily available patient presentation and comorbidity characteristics may aid surgeons in identifying patients that are candidates for SDD or ASC-based TKA.
Multi-agent Planning in Sokoban

The issue of multi-agent planning in highly dynamic environments is a major impediment to conventional planning solutions. Plan repair and replanning solutions alike have difficulty adapting to frequently changing environment states. To adequately handle such situations, this paper instead focuses on preserving individual agent plans through multi-agent coordination techniques. We describe a reactive agent system architecture in which the main focus of an agent is to be able to achieve its subgoals without interfering with any other agent. The system is a 3-level architecture, where each level is guided by the following fundamental principles, respectively: whenis it valid to generate a plan for a subgoal, whois most appropriate for completing the subgoal, and howshould the plan be carried out.
First Language Acquisition: Sounds in words: Production

When children start to talk early in their second year, it is often difficult to identify their first words. Their earliest attempts typically fall far short of the adult forms. Take one one-year-old's first production of the English word squirrel : ga . Upon reflection, we can trace the processes that probably led to this simplified pronunciation. First, children typically omit liquid sounds like l and r ; they simplify consonant clusters, usually retaining only the stop if there is one, so in the initial cluster skw -, they drop both the glide w and the initial s -, keeping only the velar stop k ; and they often voice initial stop consonants, here changing the k - into a g -. Finally, vowels in children's earliest words are typically produced with little or no narrowing of the vocal tract, here the a . In this case, we know what the target word was. But this is often not the case. Young children are also inconsistent in how they produce the same word on different occasions. Their pronunciations vary more than adults' do from one occasion to the next, and, in their first few months of talking, they may produce multiple versions of the same word (Ingram 1974; Maekawa & Storkel 2006; Sosa & Stoel-Gammon 2006). One child, Philip, used as many as five different versions of blanket within a month. At age 1;9, he had multiple versions of 50 of the 125 words in his repertoire.
Frozen Section of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Appendix, and Peritoneum

Abstract Context.—Intraoperative consultation is frequently requested by surgeons operating on the gastrointestinal tract, appendix, and peritoneum. In this setting, the pathologist's diagnosis pla...
IgG Fc Receptor III Homologues in Nonhuman Primate Species: Genetic Characterization and Ligand Interactions

Ig Fc receptors bind to immune complexes through interactions with the Fc regions of specific Ab subclasses to initiate or inhibit the defense mechanisms of the leukocytes on which they are expressed. The mechanism of action of IgG-based therapeutic molecules, which are routinely evaluated in nonhuman primate models, involves binding to the low-affinity FcRIII (CD16). The premise that IgG/CD16 interactions in nonhuman primates mimic those present in humans has not been evaluated. Therefore, we have identified and characterized CD16 and associated TCR ζ-chain homologues in rhesus macaques, cynomolgus macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys. Similar to humans, CD16 expression was detected on a lymphocyte subpopulation, on monocytes, and on neutrophils of sooty mangabeys. However, CD16 was detected only on a lymphocyte subpopulation and on monocytes in macaques and baboons. A nonhuman primate rCD16 generated in HeLa cells interacted with human IgG1 and IgG2. By contrast, human CD16 binds to IgG1 and IgG3. As shown for humans, the mAb 3G8 was able to block IgG binding to nonhuman primate CD16 and inhibition of nonhuman primate CD16 N-glycosylation enhanced IgG binding. Clearly, differences in interaction with IgG subclasses and in cell-type expression should be considered when using these models for in vivo evaluation of therapeutic Abs.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT USE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER AND LOWER YELLOWSTONE RIVER BENTHIC FISHES FROM 1996 TO 1998: A BASELINE FOR FISH COMMUNITY RECOVERY

Past and present Missouri River management practices have resulted in native fishes being identified as in jeopardy. In 1995, the Missouri River Benthic Fishes Study was initiated to provide improved information on Missouri River fish populations and how alterations might affect them. The study produced a baseline against which to evaluate future changes in Missouri River operating criteria. The objective was to evaluate population structure and habitat use of benthic fishes along the entire mainstem Missouri River, exclusive of reservoirs. Here we use the data from this study to provide a recent-past baseline for on-going Missouri River fish population monitoring programmes along with a more powerful method for analysing data containing large percentages of zero values. This is carried out by describing the distribution and habitat use of 21 species of Missouri River benthic fishes based on catch-per-unit area data from multiple gears. We employ a Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson model expanded to include continuous measures of habitat quality (i.e. substrate composition, depth, velocity, temperature, turbidity and conductivity). Along with presenting the method, we provide a relatively complete picture of the Missouri River benthic fish community and the relationship between their relative population numbers and habitat conditions. We demonstrate that our single model provides all the information that is often obtained by a myriad of analytical techniques. An important advantage of the present approach is reliable inference for patterns of relative abundance using multiple gears without using gear efficiencies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the Forces Shaping Cybercrime Markets Online

Malicious software is increasingly used by hackers and attackers in order to acquire sensitive information and compromise various systems. The sophistication of these tools has increased to such a point that individuals now sell various programs and services through electronic markets where data can be bought and sold. There is, however, minimal research examining the social dynamics that structure the relationships between buyers and sellers and the nature of the market dynamics overall. This study addresses this gap in the literature through a qualitative investigation of a sample of threads from 10 publicly accessible Russian web forums that facilitate the distribution of malware and attack tools. The findings indicate that price, customer service, and trust influence the relationships between actors in this market and influence the nature of exchanges in these forums.
State and Feedback Linearizations of Single-Input Control Systems

Abstract In this paper we address the problem of state (resp. feedback) linearization of nonlinear single-input control systems using state (resp. feedback) coordinate transformations. Although necessary and sufficient geometric conditions have been provided in the early eighties, the problems of finding the state (resp. feedback) linearizing coordinates are subject to solving systems of partial differential equations. We will provide here a solution to the two problems by defining algorithms allowing to compute explicitly the linearizing state (resp. feedback) coordinates for any nonlinear control system that is indeed linearizable (resp. feedback linearizable). Each algorithm is performed using a maximum of n − 1 steps ( n being the dimension of the system) and they are made possible by explicitly solving the Flow-box or straightening theorem. We illustrate with several examples borrowed from the literature.
Automated Solid-Phase DNA Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Oligonucleotides Labeled at the 5‘-Terminus with Ru(bpy)32+

A facile procedure for the incorporation of Ru(bpy)32+ in an oligonucleotide is reported. A Ru(bpy)32+ phosphoramidite is synthesized, and then attached to the 5‘-terminus of DNA using a standard protocol on an automated DNA solid-phase synthesizer. Photophysical studies of the Ru(II) tris-diimine complex as well as the corresponding labeled oligonucleotides demonstrate that the excited-state electron is localized on one specific bipyridine with the dipole directed toward the linkage to DNA, and that the Ru(II) excited state is long-lived when attached to the DNA.
Seasonality in plasma thyroxine in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii.

To characterize seasonal changes in thyroid function in a terrestrial reptile, thyroid hormones were measured over a period of 2 years in desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii, maintained at the Desert Tortoise Conservation Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. In all samples, triiodothyronine was nondetectable (less than 0.1 ng/ml). Thyroxine (T(4)) exhibited distinct cycles in both sexes, being lowest during hibernation and rising toward the time of emergence. Females exhibited only one peak in T(4), during the early spring. In males, T(4) levels peaked in early spring and again in late summer. The desert tortoise has distinct activity patterns that include increased feeding, mating, and locomotor activity in the early spring and increased mating and combat in the late summer. In an experiment to determine whether food intake influences T(4), food was withheld for 2 weeks. Compared to continuously fed controls, T(4) declined significantly in unfed tortoises, but increased significantly within 36 h of refeeding, indicating that thyroid activity is responsive to nutrient intake. The second seasonal peak of T(4) only in males suggests that male reproductive activity in late summer is associated with thyroid activation. To evaluate this possibility, adult, subadult, and juvenile males were sampled during the months of the second seasonal peak in T(4). Although all three age groups showed similar foraging and thermoregulatory behaviors, T(4) peaked in July only in the reproductively active adults, which also exhibited significantly higher testosterone levels. Elevated T(4) in desert tortoises is thus associated with periods of increased feeding and reproductive activity, supporting a role for thyroid hormones in these energy-demanding activities.
Dendritic cells program non-immunogenic prostate-specific T cell responses beginning at early stages of prostate tumorigenesis.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer promotes the development of T cell tolerance towards prostatic antigens, potentially limiting the efficacy of prostate cancer vaccines targeting these antigens. Here, we sought to determine the stage of disease progression when T cell tolerance develops, as well as the role of steady state dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in programming tolerance. METHODS The response of naive HA-specific CD4+ T cells were analyzed following adoptive transfer into Pro-HA × TRAMP transgenic mice harboring variably-staged HA-expressing prostate tumors on two genetic backgrounds that display different patterns and kinetics of tumorigenesis. The role of DC and Tregs in programming HA-specific CD4 cell responses were assessed via depletion. RESULTS HA-specific CD4 cells underwent non-immunogenic responses at all stages of tumorigenesis in both genetic backgrounds. These responses were completely dependent on DC, but not appreciably influenced by Tregs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that tolerogenicity is an early and general property of prostate tumors. Prostate 67: 536–546, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Heritable somatic excision of a Drosophila transposon

A mutation in the white gene of Drosophila mauritiana that results from insertion of the transposable element mariner is genetically unstable in both germ cells and somatic cells. Somatic instability is indicated by the occurrence of animals having mosaic eyes with patches of pigmented cells on a peach-colored background. Normally uncommon, the frequency of mosaicism is so greatly enhanced in a particular mutant strain that virtually every animal in the strain is an eye-color mosaic. The molecular basis of the mosaicism is the excision of the mariner element from its location in the DNA of the white gene in somatic cells. The phenomenon results from a single dominant genetic factor located in chromosome 3. Genetic control over the excision of transposable elements may play a role in determining the persistence of transposable elements in the genome.
Nonoperative management of odontoid fractures: A review of 59 cases

Abstract Objectives Surgical treatment of odontoid fractures is recommended by many surgeons to prevent sudden neurologic injury or progressive myelopathy. Less aggressive approach to the treatment of odontoid fractures has been advocated by some authors especially in the elderly population. Very few reports have followed up patients’ outcomes following conservative treatment of odontoid fractures. Here we evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of patients without myelopathy treated without surgery for an odontoid type fracture. Patients and methods 101 patients with traumatic odontoid fracture admitted to the Pennsylvania State Hershey Medical Center between 1998 and 2008. Fractures were defined using a CT scan according to the Anderson–D’Alonzo Classification. Conservative treatment was pursued in appropriately selected patients. Results Fifty-nine patients were selected to be treated in a cervical collar. Sixteen patients failed using radiographic evidence and continued neck pain. Fourteen patients went on to be surgically stabilized. The other two patients opted to continue with cervical orthosis and regular clinical evaluations. The Forty-three remaining patients had stable imaging studies and with no other complaints. None of the patients developed myelopathy symptoms during the follow-up period. Conclusions Our results indicate that a select group of patients with odontoid fracture who are deemed stable on initial evaluation in a cervical orthosis may be effectively managed non-operatively. None of the patients who were managed conservatively had clinical worsening during the period of management. The decision to proceed with surgical treatment was based on failure of resolution of neck pain or worsening or concerning instability on imaging studies. However in many patients, even elderly patients in a surgical risks are greater, many odontoid fractures can be safely managed in a cervical orthosis.
A new surface plasmon resonance in clusters of small aluminum spheres

Abstract Inelastic scattering of fast electrons in clusters of small aluminum spheres reveals a new surface plasmon mode near 4 eV. Electron energy loss filtered images show that the mode occurs within 10–40 nm spheres which touch other single spheres or clusters of spheres. The energy and spatial variations of the mode are consistent with a surface plasmon resonance at the metal-oxide-metal interface which is present at the point of contact between neighboring spheres.
A zero-sum electromagnetic evader–interrogator differential game with uncertainty

We consider dynamic electromagnetic evasion-interrogation games in which the evader can use ferroelectric material coatings to attempt to avoid detection while the interrogator can manipulate the interrogating frequencies to enhance detection. The resulting problem is formulated as a two-player zero-sum dynamic differential game in which the cost functional is based on the expected value of the intensity of the reflected signal. We show that there exists a saddle point for the relaxed form of this dynamic differential game in which the relaxed controls appear bilinearly in the dynamics governed by a partial differential equation. We also present a computational framework for construction of approximate saddle point strategies in feedback form for a special case of this relaxed differential game with strategies and payoff in the sense of Berkovitz.
Diamagnetism of Graphite

The conduction-electron magnetic susceptibility of graphite has been calculated by using the Wallace two-dimensional band structure. The energy levels induced by the magnetic field are calculated by the method of Luttinger and Kohn, taking into account the large (in this case) effects of band-to-band transitions which are not included in the Landau-Peierls treatment. Agreement with the susceptibility observed at high temperatures is obtained with a choice of 2.6 ev for the resonance-integral parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}$. The details of the de Haas-van Alphen effect cannot be reproduced, indicating that a more complicated band structure is needed to account for the low-temperature experiments.
“In New Orleans, We Might Say It Like This . . .”: Authenticity, Place, and HBO’s Treme

This commentary focuses on how the HBO series Treme establishes its credibility about place through the role of the outsider. Treme, through its explicit attention to place-based detail, creates a sense of authenticity that is both maintained and challenged by exchanges between those who are from here and those who come here.
Further characterization of the kinetic folding intermediate of αα‐tropomyosin and of its 142–281 subsequence

The backbone CD spectrum from 250 to 212 nm for the kinetic folding intermediate of alpha alpha-tropomyosin (alpha alpha-Tm) and nonpolymerizable alpha alpha-Tm was obtained. The spectrum shows that the intermediate is indeed alpha-helical with about 70% of the equilibrium alpha-helix content. Subsequence 142Tm281 of the alpha-tropomyosin chain has five tyrosine residues (at positions 162, 214, 221, 261, 267). Stopped flow CD at the negative peak in the tyrosine spectral region (280 nm) shows that any tyrosine residues that contribute to the spectrum in the region have already reached their final state in the fast phase of folding (< 0.04 s).
Ammonia, Dimethylamine, Trimethylamine, and Trimethylamine Oxide from Raw and Processed Fish By-Products

ABSTRACT Concentrations of ammonia, monomethylamine (MMA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in raw and processed fish by-products were determined in cold-water marine fish using a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method. The CE method provides a fast and sensitive procedure to simultaneously quantify volatile amines and TMAO in raw and processed fish samples. Total volatile bases nitrogen (TVB-N) values were calculated from the concentrations of the respective individual volatile amines detected within the samples. TVB-N calculated concentrations ranged from a low of 12 ± 3.7 mg N/100g (n = 3) to a high value of 119.1 ± 27.2 mg N/100g (n = 3) wet weight for the raw fish by-products and from 60 ± 2.4 mg N/100g (n = 3) to 300.9 ± 40.5 mg N/100g (n = 3) dry weight for the processed fish by-products. No MMA was detected in any of the samples tested. Raw viscera samples contained increased concentrations of DMA and TMA relative to the other samples tested. High levels of...
Optimizing Load Control in a Collaborative Residential Microgrid Environment

This paper develops an analytical model for a residential microgrid (RMG) under a collaborative environment. The model assumes that the RMG community is under a social agreement referred to as Collaborative Consumption. The model includes a framework for RMGs using a unique method of demand response based on the particular characteristics of residential loads. Residential loads are categorized into three types based on their necessity and reschedulable ability. Consumers assign priority to their appliances. Then, the microgrid informs consumers about their real-time consumption and economic benefits associated with their participation in collaborative consumption. Accordingly, consumers can evaluate suggested alternatives prior to using appliances and consequentially make better decisions. Finally, the effects of model parameters on profit maximization are studied. The results of this paper estimate the economic benefits within a collaborative environment.