cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing the 4.4 km spatial resolution Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) aerosol product

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument has been operational on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite since early 2000, creating an extensive data set of global Earth observations. Here we introduce the latest version of the MISR aerosol products. The level 2 (swath) product, which is reported on a 4.4 km spatial grid, is designated as version 23 (V23) and contains retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol particle property information derived from MISR's multi-angle observations over both land and water. The changes from the previous version of the algorithm (V22) have significant impacts on the data product and its interpretation. The V23 data set is created from two separate retrieval algorithms that are applied over dark water and land surfaces, respectively. Besides increasing the horizontal resolution to 4.4 km compared with the coarser 17.6 m resolution in V22 and streamlining the format and content, the V23 product has added geolocation information, pixel-level uncertainty estimates, and improved cloud screening. MISR data can be obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center at https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/project/misr/misr_table (last access: 11 October 2019). The version number for the V23 level 2 aerosol product is F13_0023. The level 3 (gridded) aerosol product is still reported at 0.5 ∘ × 0.5 ∘ spatial resolution with results aggregated from the higher-resolution level 2 data. The format and content at level 3 have also been updated to reflect the changes made at level 2. The level 3 product associated with the V23 level 2 product version is designated as F15_0032. Both the level 2 and level 3 products are now provided in NetCDF format.
Characterization of multilayer delaminations in composites using wavenumber analysis: numerical and experimental studies:

Delamination is one of the most common and dangerous failure modes for composites because it takes place and grows in the absence of any visible surface damage. The successful implementation of del...
Shit talk in shitty terrain: Flushing Indian feminism through YouTube’s comedic conduits

This article examines the ways in which YouTube’s comedy-driven drama, Ladies Room, set in six women-only toilet sanctuaries across Mumbai, mines the semiotics of unruliness to push against the bou...
Refinance Instruments : Lessons From their Use in Some Industrialized Countries

Many central banks around the world are gradually shifting from a system of direct controls towards the implementation of monetary policy through market-oriented instruments, including refinance facilities. This paper reviews the use of refinance instruments in a sample of industrialized countries, and discusses how central banks use them to influence short-term interest rates and to manage banks’ reserves. Some lessons are suggested for their implementation in developing countries or economies in transition.
Unauthorized and Unwise: The Lawful Use Requirement in Trademark Law

For decades, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) has required trademark owners to comply with sundry non-trademark laws governing the sale of their trademarked goods and services. Pursuant to this “lawful use requirement”, the agency has refused or even cancelled registration of thousands of marks used on everything from Schedule I controlled substances to mislabeled soap. This Article subjects the agency’s lawful use requirement to long-overdue scrutiny. It suggests that in requiring compliance with other laws for registration, the PTO has lost sight of the one statute it is supposed to administer. In the process, the agency has overstepped the limits of its statutory authority and undermined federal trademark policy. Whether a mark owner has used its mark to sell improperly labeled soap or an illicit drug, the PTO has no mandate, and no convincing policy reason, to deny the owner the substantial benefits of registration. Simply put, the agency’s lawful use requirement has no place in trademark law.
A quick guide for clinical oncology

Clinical interpretation of cancer genomes for therapy selection and clinical hypothesis generation is an urgent and complex endeavor. A new study brings together a diverse set of data sources to automatically prioritize first- and second-order genomic alterations to provide a meaningful set of interpretations based on a patient’s molecular profile.
Representing Structural Information with RasMol

This unit describes the use of RasMol, a popular interactive molecular graphics program, for the display of biomolecular structures. The unit begins with a general guide to obtaining molecular coordinates from the Protein Data Bank and displaying them with RasMol, and then describes several molecular representations that are useful for different applications, along with methods for ensuring that one is viewing the appropriate biological unit and some ideas for customizing one's molecular graphics session. Keywords: Molecular graphics; RasMol; visualization; protein structure
High early cardiovascular mortality after liver transplantation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) contributes to excessive long-term mortality after liver transplantation (LT); however, little is known about early postoperative CVD mortality in the current era. In addition, there is no model for predicting early postoperative CVD mortality across centers. We analyzed adult recipients of primary LT in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database between February 2002 and December 2012 to assess the prevalence and predictors of early (30-day) CVD mortality, which was defined as death from arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, thromboembolism, and/or stroke. We performed logistic regression with stepwise selection to develop a predictive model of early CVD mortality. Sex and center volume were forced into the final model, which was validated with bootstrapping techniques. Among 54,697 LT recipients, there were 1576 deaths (2.9%) within 30 days. CVD death was the leading cause of 30-day mortality (40.2%), and it was followed by infection (27.9%) and graft failure (12.2%). In a multivariate analysis, 9 significant covariates (6 recipient covariates, 2 donor covariates, and 1 operative covariate) were identified: age, preoperative hospitalization, intensive care unit status, ventilator status, calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, portal vein thrombosis, national organ sharing, donor body mass index, and cold ischemia time. The model showed moderate discrimination (C statistic = 0.66, 95% confidence interval = 0.63-0.68). In conclusion, we provide the first multicenter prognostic model for the prediction of early post-LT CVD death, the most common cause of early post-LT mortality in the current transplant era. However, evaluations of additional CVD-related variables not collected by the OPTN are needed in order to improve the model's accuracy and potential clinical utility.
Computing Pro- P galois groups

We describe methods for explicit computation of Galois groups of certain tamely ramified p-extensions. In the finite case this yields a short list of candidates for the Galois group. In the infinite case it produces a family or few families of likely candidates.
Unifying Subspace and Distance Metric Learning with Bhattacharyya Coefficient for Image Classification

In this paper, we propose a unified scheme of subspace and distance metric learning under the Bayesian framework for image classification. According to the local distribution of data, we divide the k -nearest neighbors of each sample into the intra-class set and the inter-class set, and we aim to learn a distance metric in the embedding subspace, which can make the distances between the sample and its intra-class set smaller than the distances between it and its inter-class set. To reach this goal, we consider the intra-class distances and the inter-class distances to be from two different probability distributions respectively, and we model the goal with minimizing the overlap between two distributions. Inspired by the Bayesian classification error estimation, we formulate the objective function by minimizing the Bhattachyrra coefficient between two distributions. We further extend it with the kernel trick to learn nonlinear distance metric. The power and generality of the proposed approach are demonstrated by a series of experiments on the CMU-PIE face database, the extended YALE face database, and the COREL-5000 nature image database.
PHENYTOIN (DPH) TERATOGENICITY (T) IN THE AMERICAN SEA URCHIN (SU) ARBACIA PUNCTULATA

We have studied DPH T using a SU model. T was scored as abnormal cleavage, premature hyaline membrane rupture, failure to hatch, lack of motility and/or lack of skeletal development. DPH was found to cause dose dependent T over a concentration range of 1-150 μg/ml with an ED50 (20 μg/ml) comparable to the human therapeutic serum level. Adverse effects were seen as early as the first cell cleavage. Wash out experiments showed a critical period from 45 min. post fertilization (PF) until the onset of gastrulation; maximal sensitivity was 60-90 min. PF. To evaluate the role of reactive epoxide intermediates or O2 radicals in DPH T, the modulating effects of α-naphthoflavone, metyrapone, aminotriazole, styrene-, cyclohexene-, and trichloropropene-oxides, catalase and superoxide dismutase were tested. None had a consistent effect. Alternatively, DPH T might be mediated via direct nucleic acid interactions. To investigate this hypothesis, the structural requirements necessary for DPH T were examined. Hydantoin (H), O-H, alkyl-O-H and 3-N-methyl-DPH were not T at concentrations up to 150 μg/ml, suggesting two O groups and an unhindered H ring are required for DPH T. Furthermore, we have established a relationship between the electronic effects of DPH O substituents, as quantitated by the Hammett relationship. The DPH analog potency was: 5-p-methoxy-O-5-OH< 5-p-methyl-O-5-OH ⩽DPH. The 5-p-OHO-5-OH and p-OH-p-methyl-DPH were devoid of effects up to 150 μg/ml.
Performance evaluation of non-Gaussian channel estimation techniques on ultrawideband impulse radio channels: Research Articles

We study the problem of adaptive channel estimation for a multipath channel on an ultrawideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) system. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate that the statistical characteristics of the UWB-IR environment are strongly non-Gaussian and that as a result, non-Gaussian signal processing techniques are both efficient and powerful in a UWB-IR environment. The multipath channel estimation problem has been chosen as an illustrative example because UWB-IR systems often operate in complex multipath environments. We study both blind and training-based estimation techniques and demonstrate that even simple non-Gaussian strategies can achieve significant performance improvement when compared to more common second-order estimation techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the linkage between streamflow recession rates and channel network contraction in a mesoscale catchment in New York State

The rate of recession (dQ/dt) in a given time interval has long been plotted in log–log space against the concurrent mean discharge (Qavg). Recent interpretations of these dQ/dt–Qavg plots have sought to look at curves for individual events instead of the data cloud from all the data points together. These individual recession curves have been observed to have near-constant slope but to have varying intercepts, features hypothesized to possibly be explained by the nature of the contraction of the active channel network during recession. For a steep, 150-ha forested catchment in central New York state with an 8.8-km channel network, changes in the active channel network were mapped between April and November 2013. Streamflow recession occurred in a matter of days, but changes in the active channel network occurred over a matter of weeks. Thus, in this catchment, it does not appear that channel contraction directly controls recession. Additionally, field observations indicate that dry down did not occur in a spatially organized, sequential way such that the upper end of higher-order streams dried first. Instead, the location of groundwater seeps, in part, controlled the active portion of the channel network. Consistent with the presence of different types of flow contributing zones, the paper presents a conceptual model that consists of multiple parallel reservoirs of varying drainage rate and varying degrees of recharge at different times of the year. This conceptual model is able to reproduce a slope of 2 and a seasonal shift in intercept typical of individual recession curves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locomotor Sensory Organization Test: How Sensory Conflict Affects the Temporal Structure of Sway Variability During Gait

When maintaining postural stability temporally under increased sensory conflict, a more rigid response is used where the available degrees of freedom are essentially frozen. The current study investigated if such a strategy is also utilized during more dynamic situations of postural control as is the case with walking. This study attempted to answer this question by using the Locomotor Sensory Organization Test (LSOT). This apparatus incorporates SOT inspired perturbations of the visual and the somatosensory system. Ten healthy young adults performed the six conditions of the traditional SOT and the corresponding six conditions on the LSOT. The temporal structure of sway variability was evaluated from all conditions. The results showed that in the anterior posterior direction somatosensory input is crucial for postural control for both walking and standing; visual input also had an effect but was not as prominent as the somatosensory input. In the medial lateral direction and with respect to walking, visual input has a much larger effect than somatosensory input. This is possibly due to the added contributions by peripheral vision during walking; in standing such contributions may not be as significant for postural control. In sum, as sensory conflict increases more rigid and regular sway patterns are found during standing confirming the previous results presented in the literature, however the opposite was the case with walking where more exploratory and adaptive movement patterns are present.
Penetration of stomata by liquids: dependence on surface tension, wettability, and stomatal morphology.

Wettability of the leaf surface, surface tension of the liquid, and stomatal morphology control penetration of stomata by liquids. The critical surface tension of the lower leaf surface of Zebrina purpusii Bruckn. was estimated to be 25 to 30 dyne cm−1. Liquids having a surface tension less than 30 dyne cm−1 gave zero contact angle on the leaf surface and infiltrated stomata spontaneously while liquids having a surface tension greater than 30 dyne cm−1 did not wet the leaf surface and failed to infiltrate stomata. Considering stomata as conical capillaries, we were able to show that with liquids giving a finite contact angle, infiltration depended solely on the relationship between the magnitude of the contact angle and the wall angle of the aperture. Generally, spontaneous infiltration of stomata will take place when the contact angle is smaller than the wall angle of the aperture wall. The degree of stomatal opening (4, 6, 8, or 10 μm) was of little importance. Cuticular ledges present at the entrance to the outer vestibule and between the inner vestibule and substomatal chamber resulted in very small if not zero wall angles, and thus played a major role in excluding water from the intercellular space of leaves. We show why the degree of stomatal opening cannot be assessed by observing spontaneous infiltration of stomata by organic liquids of low surface tension.
Counter-Current Carbon Dioxide Purification of Partially Deacylated Sunflower Oil

A liquid carbon dioxide counter-current fractionation method was developed to remove by-product fatty acid propyl esters (FAPEs) from the reaction mixture after the partial deacylation of sunflower oil. The fractionation column was 1.2 m long and separations were done at 25 °C and 8.27 MPa. Several solvent to feed ratios (S:FR) (i.e., 7.6, 15.2, 30.3 and 60.6 g/g) and feed rates (FR) (i.e., 1, 2, 2.5, 3 and 4 mL/min) at a constant S:FR of 15.2 were examined. Raffinate purity (i.e., percentage glycerides) and extract purity (i.e., percentage FAPEs) were both monitored. Percentage glycerides in both the raffinate and the extract increased with S:FR. The raffinate contained ca. 83, 97, 100 and 100% glycerides at S:FRs of 7.6, 15.2, 30.3 and 60.6, respectively. The percentage glycerides in the extracts were ca. 3, 4, 8 and 17%, respectively. With the S:FR held constant at 15.2, the raffinate purity peaked at ca. 99% glycerides at a FR of 2.5 mL/min and the extract at this FR contained ca. 96% FAPEs. The optimal S:FR and FR determined from the experimental assays was applied to large batches in both a semi-continuous feed mode, and later in a continuous feed mode, which gave raffinates of 99.3 and 98.1% glycerides, respectively, and extracts of 97.3 and 97.2% FAPEs, respectively.
Production and Nutritive Value of Florigraze Rhizoma Peanut in a Semiarid Climate

(...) A field experiment was conducted on an established stand of Florigraze at Beeville, TX on a Parrita sandy clay loam (Clayey, mixed, hyperthermic, shallow Petrocalcia Paleustolls). Dry matter (DM) production, crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) of leaf blades and stem components were determined by sampling biweekly from June through January for each of two years. Treatments were total-seasonal accumulated growth compared to regrowth of peanut defoliated in mid-July or late-August. (...)
Electrochemical studies of the molybdenum-riboflavin system in dimethyl sulfoxide☆

Abstract The electrochemistry of Mo (V) and of a 2-to-2 dimeric Mo (V)-riboflavin anion radical complex have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential electrolysis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and E.S.R. spectroscopy. Consideration of the electrochemical behaviour of various Mo ions, phenazine, 8-quinolinol, riboflavin, and their combination has aided the interpretation of the oxidation-reduction chemistry for this metalloflavin model system. On the basis of the electrochemical results and associated spectroscopic and E.S.R. studies, mechanisms for the electron transfer sequence of the Mo-riboflavin combination are proposed. The dimeric complex appears to be a useful model for xanthine oxidase and related molybdo-flavo-protein enzymes.
The role of mediodorsal thalamus in temporal differentiation of reward-guided actions

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) is a crucial component of the neural network involved in the learning and generation of goal-directed actions. A series of experiments reported here examined the contributions of MD to the temporal differentiation of reward-guided actions. In Experiment 1, we trained rats on a discrete-trial, fixed-criterion temporal differentiation task, in which only lever presses exceeding a threshold duration value were rewarded. Pre-training MD lesions impaired temporal differentiation of action duration, by increasing the dispersion of the duration distribution. Post-training MD lesions also impaired differentiation, but by reducing the average emitted press durations, thus shifting the distribution without increasing the dispersion. In Experiment 2, we trained rats to space their lever pressing above criterion inter-press-intervals in order to earn rewards. Both pre-training and post-training MD lesions impaired the differentiation of inter-press-intervals. These results show that MD plays an important role in the acquisition and expression of action differentiation.
Coulomb excitation of sd shell nuclei: A self-contained set of B(E2) values and lifetime measurements☆

Abstract Thick targets of Ne, Na, Mg, Al and Si were bombarded by beams of 28, 29 Si, 31 P, 32, 33, 34 S, and 35, 37 Cl ions. From the Coulomb excitation of both projectile and targets an interrelated and self-contained set of B (E2) values was obtained for the low-lying levels of stable nuclei in the range 20 ≦ A ≦ 37. The γ-rays from the decay of the levels formed in Coulomb excitation were observed at 0 to the beam. The γ-ray intensities yielded the B (E2) values, while the γ-ray lineshapes provided lifetimes for the levels via the Doppler-shift attenuation method. For the even- A nuclei, therefore, B (E2) values were extracted for the 2 + first-excited state by two independent methods while for the odd-A nuclei, B (M1) and B (E2) values were determined for several levels. The B (E2) values obtained via the two methods were found to be in excellent agreement. The B (M1) and B (E2) values are compared to recent shell model calculations.
Processes and Patterns in Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Sexual Assault: A Multimethodological Assessment

Although prior research suggests that sexual minorities are at equivalent or greater risk of sexual assault compared with heterosexual women, few studies have examined simultaneously a broad array of assault types, the forms of force and pressure experienced, and the relative risks of experiencing different kinds of assault or force or pressure during an assault according to sex and sexual orientation. Moreover, very little is known about how subjective interpretations of assault may differ by sex and sexual orientation. We address these gaps using a multimethodological analysis of original survey data (N = 342) with a snowball oversample of sexual minority respondents. Quantitative results indicate that both sexual minority status and sex are predictive of increased assault risk of most assault types, but that most effects of sexual minority status are restricted to men. The probabilities of experiencing verbal pressure or physical force are largely uniform across categories. Qualitative analyses of open...
The collaborative tokamak control room

Magnetic fusion experiments keep growing in size and complexity resulting in a concurrent growth in collaborations between experimental sites and laboratories worldwide. In the US, the National Fusion Collaboratory Project is developing a persistent infrastructure to enable scientific collaboration for all aspects of magnetic fusion energy research by creating a robust, user-friendly collaborative environment and deploying this to the more than 1000 US fusion scientists in 40 institutions who perform magnetic fusion research. This paper reports on one aspect of the project which is the development of the collaborative tokamak control room to enhance both collocated and remote scientific participation in experimental operations. This work includes secured computational services that can be scheduled as required, the ability to rapidly compare experimental data with simulation results, a means to easily share individual results with the group by moving application windows to a shared display, and the ability for remote scientists to be fully engaged in experimental operations through shared audio, video, and applications. The project is funded by the USDOE Office of Science, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Program and unites fusion and computer science researchers to directly address these challenges.
Performance implications of communication mechanisms in all-software global address space systems

Global addressing of shared data simplifies parallel programming and complements message passing models commonly found in distributed memory machines. A number of programming systems have been designed that synthesize global addressing purely in software on such machines. These systems provide a number of communication mechanisms to mitigate the effect of high communication latencies and overheads. This study compares the mechanisms in two representative all-software systems: CRL and Split-C. CRL uses region-based caching while Split-C uses split-phase and push-based data transfers for optimizing communication performance. Both systems take advantage of bulk data transfers.By implementing a set of parallel applications in both CRL and Split-C, and running them on the IBM SP2, Meiko CS-2 and two simulated architectures, we find that split-phase and push-based bulk data transfers are essential for good performance. Region-based caching benefits applications with irregular structure and with sufficient temporal locality, especially under high communication latencies. However, caching also hurts performance when there is insufficient data reuse or when the size of caching granularity is mismatched with the communication granularity. We find the programming complexity of the communication mechanisms in both languages to be comparable. Based on our results, we recommend that an ideal system intended to support diverse applications on parallel platforms should incorporate the communication mechanisms in CRL and Split-C.
Elastic properties of titin filaments demonstrated using a "freeze-break" technique.

A "freeze-break" technique (Trombitas, K.: Acta Biochim. Biophys. Hung. 6:419-427, 1971) and immunoelectron microscopy were used to study the elastic properties of titin filaments. Small bundles of freshly prepared rabbit psoas muscle fibers were quickly frozen and broken under liquid nitrogen to fracture sarcomeres in planes perpendicular to the filament axis, in each of various regions along the sarcomere. The still-frozen specimens were thawed during fixation to allow elastic filaments to retract. The broken specimens were then labelled with monoclonal anti-titin antibodies against an unique epitope in the I-band. The titin epitopes were normally positioned symmetrically about the Z-line. However, in sarcomeres broken at the A-I junction, the epitopes no longer remained symmetrical: the titin filaments in the broken half-sarcomere retracted, independently of the thin filaments, forming a dense band just near the Z-line. The retracted density apparently did not reach the Z-line; retraction stopped at the level of the so-called N1-line. In sarcomeres broken at the Z-line level, the titin filaments retracted in the opposite direction. In this case the titin epitope retracted all the way to the ends of the thick filaments. It appears then that titin molecules form elastic filaments that are independent of thin filaments in most of the I-band. Near the Z-line, however, the titin filaments either have an inelastic domain or associate firmly with the thin filaments at the N1-line level.
The properdin system in mice.

SummaryInjection of complement (guinea pig serum) into the laboratory albino mouse failed to alter capacity of these animals to withstand parenterally induced bacterial infection with K. pneumoniae or S. typhimurium. Addition of complement to mouse serum failed to induce bactericidal activity in vitro.
301 Comparison of a Hybrid Pediatric Weight Estimation Method (Handtevy) to the Broselow Length-Based Tape

Results 1. Rater agreement between the Handtevy TM age-based system and measured NHANES weights shows a significant prediction, with 71% of the variance accounted for in the model. 2. A Bland-Altman plot demonstrates only 5.5% percent of the measurements outside of the limits of agreement (95% CI, -25.67 to 24.12). Figures 2, 3 3. In a comparison of the two length based tapes, paired t-tests demonstrate that the Handtevy TM LBT is more accurate 62% of the time. Both length based techniques become less accurate as a subject’s weight increases. Table 2 4.To compare the Handtevy TM age-based system to the Broselow TM LBT, pairwise comparisons were used to compare the percentage difference between predicted and actual weights for each BMI category. The HandtevyTM age-based system performed statistically better (p < 0.05) for underweight, normal weight, and obese children. No difference was found for overweight children. Figures 5
A sensitive and fast method for trihalomethanes in urine using gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Because of the plethora of exposure sources and routes through which humans are exposed to trihalomethanes (THM), the limitation of their short half-lives could be overcome, if a highly sensitive method was available to quantify urinary THM concentrations at sub-ppb levels. The objective of this study was to develop a fast and reliable method for the determination of the four THM analytes in human urine. A sensitive methodology was developed for THM in urine samples using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) promoting its use in epidemiological and biomonitoring studies. The proposed methodology enjoys limits of detection similar to those reported in the literature (11-80 ng L(-1)) and the advantages of small initial urine volumes (15 mL) and fast analysis per sample (12 min) when compared with other methods. This is the first report using GC-QqQ-MS/MS for the determination of THM in urine samples. Because of its simplicity and less time-consuming nature, the proposed method could be incorporated into detailed (hundreds of participants' urine samples) exposure assessment protocols providing valuable insight into the dose-response relationship of THM and cancer or pregnancy anomalies.
VIRIAL THEOREM AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM CANONICAL-DISSIPATIVE DISTRIBUTIONS CHARACTERIZING PARKINSON TREMOR

The virial theorem and the concept of canonical-statistical distributions represent two fundamental elements of statistical physics. We apply these concepts to hand tremor oscillations recorded from six Parkinson patients. We find that the virial theorem holds for Parkinson tremor oscillations. In contrast, we find that the concept of canonical distributions fails to a certain extent and needs to be replaced by the notion of non-canonical (i.e., canonical-dissipative) distributions. In doing so, our analysis reveals both general statistical aspects and non-equilibrium aspects of Parkinson hand tremor.
Multifunctional hybrid nanogel for integration of optical glucose sensing and self-regulated insulin release at physiological pH.

Optical detection of glucose, high drug loading capacity, and self-regulated drug delivery are simultaneously possible using a multifunctional hybrid nanogel particle under a rational design in a colloid chemistry method. Such hybrid nanogels are made of Ag nanoparticle (NP) cores covered by a copolymer gel shell of poly(4-vinylphenylboronic acid-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) [p(VPBA−DMAEA)]. The introduction of the glucose sensitive p(VPBA−DMAEA) gel shell onto Ag NPs makes the polymer-bound Ag NPs responsive to glucose. While the small sized Ag cores (10 ± 3 nm) provide fluorescence as an optical code, the responsive polymer gel shell can adapt to a surrounding medium of different glucose concentrations over a clinically relevant range (0−30 mM), convert the disruptions in homeostasis of glucose level into optical signals, and regulate release of preloaded insulin. This shows a new proof-of-concept for diabetes treatment that exploits the properties from each building block of a multifunctional na...
The topology of the glutamine and ATP binding sites of human asparagine synthetase

Human asparagine synthetase was examined using a combination of chemical modifiers and specific monoclonal antibodies. The studies were designed to determine the topological relation between the nucleotide binding site and the glutamine binding site of the human asparagine synthetase. The purified recombinant enzyme was chemically modified at the glutamine binding site by 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), and at the ATP binding site by 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3ATP). The effects of chemical modification with DON included a loss of glutamine-dependent reactions, but no effect on ATP binding as measured during ammonia-dependent asparagine synthesis. Similarly, modification with 8-N3ATP resulted in a loss of ammonia-dependent asparagine synthesis, but no effect on the glutaminase activity. A series of monoclonal antibodies was also examined in relation to their epitopes and the sites modified by the two covalent chemical modifiers. It was found that several antibodies were prevented from binding by specific chemical modification, and that the antibodies could be classified into groups correlating to their relative binding domains. These results are discussed in terms of relative positions of the glutamine and ATP binding sites on asparagine synthetase.
Self-esteem and organization of valenced information about others : The Jekyll and Hyde -ing of relationship partners

The authors theorize that individuals with high self-esteem functionally integrate positive and negative partner information in memory, whereas those low in self-esteem segregate such information. The authors obtained support for this view in 7 studies. In a first set, participants judged whether positive and negative traits presented in an alternating or nonalternating order applied to a partner. Low but not high self-esteem individuals were slowed by the alternating order when judging relationship partners (but not inanimate objects). In a 2nd set, participants answered questions tapping integrated thinking, self-esteem, and other attributes. Higher self-esteem was associated with more integrated thinking when other attributes were controlled. In a final study, anxiously attached individuals were more labile in rating their spouse over a 5-day period.
α1-Microglobulin Glycopeptides Inhibit Antigen-Specific Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Glycopeptides were prepared from proteolytically digested human and guinea pig alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m) by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. Amino acid analysis showed that the average glycopeptide was a tripeptide containing the amino acids aspartic acid/asparagine, isoleucine, and serine and/or threonine. It has earlier been shown that human alpha 1-m carries two or three N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the high-mannose type. These preparations of glycopeptides inhibited the proliferative response of peripheral human blood leucocytes to the antigen purified protein derivative. The dose-response relationship of the inhibitions showed a greater specific activity of the glycopeptides than of whole alpha 1-m. Mild alkali treatment of human alpha 1-m did not affect its specific inhibitory activity, suggesting that the peptide backbone is of little importance for the immunosuppressive effect of alpha 1-m. No difference in inhibitory activity was seen between human and guinea pig native alpha 1-m or alpha 1-m glycopeptides. Human asialo alpha 1-m exerted a suppressive effect on the antigen-specific leucocyte proliferation similar to that of native alpha 1-m.
A social implications of computing course which “teaches” computer ethics

Computers are integral to today's world, forming our society as well as responding to it. In recognition of this interaction, as well as in response to requirements by the Computer Science Accrediting Board (CSAB), many schools are incorporating computer ethics and values and addressing the social implications of computing within their curriculum. The approach discussed here is through a separate course, rather than relying on the integration of specific topics throughout the curriculum.
Sustainable and Scalable Synthesis of Piperylene Sulfone: A “Volatile” and Recyclable DMSO Substitute

An essential feature of chemical research is advancing new laboratory findings to a form useful to industry. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an important dipolar, aprotic solvent for conducting chemical reactions. Unfortunately, separation of the products of reaction from the solvent is difficult and expensive. We have proposed the use of piperylene sulfone (PS) as a substitute for DMSO, and herein, we establish a roadmap to its sustainable and scalable synthesis. PS is a potentially important new dipolar aprotic solvent that has solvent properties similar to those of DMSO; in contrast to DMSO, PS is fully recyclable and undergoes a reversible retrocheletropic reaction at 110 °C, permitting facile solvent removal and recycle. PS is synthesized by the reaction of trans-piperylene with sulfur dioxide. Because PS is not commercially available, we synthesized laboratory quantities using a method not sustainable on a large scale because of expensive chemicals and considerable waste generation. To develop and opti...
Physical Phenomena in Real Time

There is a growing realization that nurturing scientists for the 21st century requires engaging students in the processes of doing science ( 1 ). For students to be engaged in the process of doing physics, they need to learn to think like a physicist. Physics is more than the final content that we assess in a traditional exam. Much of its richness is the process through which physicists acquire knowledge and those specific “habits of mind” that are necessary to practice physics. For example, when solving an experimental problem, a physicist needs to decide what features of the problem are relevant and which features can be ignored, how to represent the problem in different ways, including mathematical expressions, how to use available equipment to collect necessary data, how to analyze the data, and how to evaluate the results ( 2 , 3 ). Investigations are subject to the variability of experimental conditions and unanticipated complications. What if we could guide students so that they can make progress in a short amount of class time, yet still be engaged in the process of doing physics?
Large slots in circular and rectangular waveguides

This report, which was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract N7onr-29529 with the Antenna Laboratory, Institute of Engineering Research, deals with rectangular apertures in the wall of a waveguide whose dimensions are such that the length-to-width ratio is of the order of unity, the length being in the neighborhood of a half wavelength. We speak of these elements loosely as slots, though in the strict sense of the word a slot is an aperture whose width is small compared with its length. The properties of the larger aperture elements are not known as well as those of the narrow slot. The study of the properties was undertaken both for its bearing on the general theory of apertures and for the potentialities of aperture elements for antenna design work. Whereas the nature of the excitation of a narrow slot is a function of its length primarily, that of the larger aperture element is strongly dependent on its position on the waveguide wall and its orientation with respect to the dominant mode in the guide. The excitation also depends on the nature of the termination of the waveguide beyond the aperture. The greater variety of inclinations that can thus be obtained suggests possible developments in beam synthesis techniques.
Weak interactions, CKM, and CP experimental review

Abstract This review will emphasize recent experimental results on weak interactions of heavy quark states, relevant to determinations of the elements of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. I will first discuss the data on the charge + 2 3 heavy quarks, t and c, then the results on the charge − 1 3 quarks, b and s.
Provisioning behavior and the estimation of investment ratios in a solitary bee, Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) persimilis (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae).

One aspect of behavioral ecology that has received considerable attention, especially by students of social insects, is the relative amount of energy invested by parents in the rearing of male versus female offspring. Sexual selection theory makes predictions about how individuals should allocate their total investment in the sexes. To test these predictions we must accurately quantify the relative “cost” incurred by a parent in the production of an average individual of either sex. Body weight ratios are the most common estimate of cost ratio, but the correspondence between offspring body weight and energetic investment on the part of the parent has rarely been determined. Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) persimilis is a solitary, ground-nesting bee whose natural history makes it particularly convenient for studies of investment patterns and foraging behavior. Each day females construct and provision from 1 to 6 cells in linear, closely-spaced series. Each cell is provisioned with pollen from Physalis Wrightii flowers, which is collected on two or three foraging trips. However, the temporal sequence in which two- and three-trip foraging bouts occur is not random. Females invariably begin each day provisioning cells with three trips worth of pollen and usually switch to provisioning the latter cells of the day with just two trips worth of pollen. The sex of the offspring within the same co-linear series of cells also varies non-randomly — female offspring predominate in the first cells of each series and male offspring in the latter cells. The correspondence between the number of foraging trips to provision a cell, the total time spent foraging, and offspring sex was determined for 36 cells. The data indicate a close, though not absolute, relationship between the number of foraging trips and the sex of the offspring: males usually received two trips of pollen, though some received three, whereas female offspring invariably received three trips worth of pollen. A number of potential estimates of the relative cost of female and male offspring production were calculated. Estimates of the cost ratio based on the amount of time spent foraging, adult dry body weight, and pollen ball dry weight all give similar values. Female offspring receive an energetic investment of from 1.3 to 1.5 times that of males. These results support the use of adult dry body weight ratios in the estimation of cost ratios.
Sloth and Pastoral Counseling

Abstract In this paper, I examine the sin of sloth and its accompanying pathos in the context of the pastoral counseling relationship. I first delve into the Christian tradition to identify the features of sloth and arrive at a definition. This sets the stage for redescribing sloth in terms of the relational dynamics of recognition-negation, surrender-generation, and disruption-repair. I then argue that sloth emerges when these relational dynamics become distorted, which, in turn, contribute to the restriction of one's agency and the distortion one's will. The distortion of one's will is manifested in a person's interpretation of his/her needs and desires as insignificant, which I designate as the hermeneutics of insignificance. Sloth also functions as a defense against further loss and rejection. The challenge for the pastoral counselor and client is to work together in discovering and giving voice to those desires and needs that have long been denied. The remedy for indifference, then, is a relationship...
"Venus gets in my thinking": drinking and female sexuality in the age of AIDS.

Despite the strength of the cultural belief in the power of alcohol to disinhibitsexual impulses, the relationship of drinking and sex has only recently become the subject of empirical research. In light of the AIDS epidemic, any such relationship takes on increased importance. This paper reviews the literature on the effects of alcohol on sexual behavior in women, including discussion of both sexual activity per se and unsafe sexual behavior in particular. Although little is known about the relationship of drinking to sexual risk-taking in women, data from these lines of research provide a starting point for investigations on the ways in which drinking and sex may be associated.
The β-polymorph of uranium phosphide selenide

β-UPSe was synthesized from the reaction of U2Se3, P and Se in a CsCl flux in a fused-silica tube. It crystallizes with four formula units in the tetra­gonal space group I4/mmm in the UGeTe structure type. The asymmetric unit comprises one U (site symmetry 4mm), one Se (4mm), and one P (mmm.) atom. The U atom is coordinated in a monocapped square-anti­prismatic arrangement, where the square face is formed by P atoms and the other five vertices are Se atoms. The P site is disordered about a mirror plane, showing half-ocupancy for each of the two resulting P atoms. The title structure is related to that of α-UPSe, which crystallizes with two formula units in the tetra­gonal space group P4/nmm in the PbFCl structure type.
Use of the subscripted DALG in submodule testing with applications in cellular arrays

This paper will introduce the concept of the Transparency cube in the extraction and testing of an embedded logic submodule. The algorithm presented can establish control of a submodule in a very small amount of CPU time, and it was found to perform extremely well when tested on cellular array topologies such as those which occur in systolic architectures. The program described detects if parts of a circuit are untestable and notifies the user as to where additional logic is necessary to make the circuit more transparent or testable. It also introduces controllability numbers for flexible signals (or subscripted D's) and a method by which an Exclusive Or gate (EXOR) is handled as a single gate in the controllability calculations. This is useful since controllability numbers do not represent well the difficulties encountered with reconvergent fanout.
Systemic lupus-induced diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report and review of the literature.

Objectives:We report the case of a 28-year-old patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with rapid onset of dyspnea and hemoptysis found to have diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) with refractory hypoxemia successfully treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The discussion includes clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, outcome, and a review of the available adult literature on the use of ECMO in patients with DAH.Design:Case report.Setting:Froedtert Hospital and the Medical College of Wisconsin. Data Sources: Data were collected from the patient’s electronic medical record and the hospital radiology database.Conclusions:Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage secondary to SLE is quite rare. The adult literature on the utilization of ECMO for DAH is limited mostly to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated alveolar hemorrhage and a few reports of nonvasculitis DAH. Bleeding has been a contraindication to ECMO due to the need for systemic anticoagulation. Our case...