cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The University of North Texas Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory

Abstract The University of North Texas Ion Beam Modification and Analysis Laboratory consists of three accelerators. These are: a 200 kV, 10 MA Cockcroft-Walton, a 2.5 MV single-ended Van de Graaff machine and a newly installed National Electrostatics Corporation Model 9-SDH-2, 3 MV tandem. The tandem accelerator was received in November of 1987 and acceptance tests were completed in December of 1987. The tandem — and the 2.5 MV Van de Graaff — are now both installed in a new 7000 ft 2 laboratory in the physics building. The tandem which will be used for many of the activities in the laboratory was purchased with a rf charge exchange (Alphatross) source and a SNICS-type cesium ion sputter source. Each of these sources injects through a 30° magnet into a 90° analysis magnet and then into the tandem accelerator. This configuration gives the high mass resolution which is needed for the AMS system. A table will be shown that overviews the analyzed beams that have been obtained to date with the tandem accelerator. A summary of the beam lines that are being constructed for all the activities of the laboratory will also be given. These include: accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), Rutherford backscattering and channeling (RBS&C), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), high-energy ion implantation (HEII) and atomic collision physics.
Social Support and Adaptation to the Parent Role in First-time Adolescent Mothers

The relationship between social support and adaptation to parenthood for first-time adolescent mothers was investigated in this descriptive correlational study. The outcomes of adaptation were defined as the synchrony of parent-infant interaction and the level of stress related to parenting. A nonprobability sample of 18 adolescent, first-time mothers who had an uncomplicated perinatal experiences and delivered healthy, term newborns were selected. Data were collected during a home interview at one month postpartum. The measure of social support was significantly related to parent-infant reciprocity. Total functional support scores were inversely, but not significantly, correlated with total scores of stress related to parenting (r = -.31). Finally, the measure of reciprocity and the measure of stress related to parenting were inversely but not significantly related.
Molybdenum nitride film growth by reaction with N+2 and N+ beams: Energy and dose dependence

Abstract Nitridation of molybdenum by 0–100 eV mass selected beams of N + 2 and N + produces very thin (1–3 atomic layers) nitride films on the surface. The relative atom capture probability, or reaction cross section, for N + is nearly energy independent in this energy range and is higher than the atom capture probability for N + 2 below ∼25 eV. The N + 2 capture probability exhibits a threshold near ∼4 eV impact energy, surpasses the N + value near 30 eV, and reaches a plateau at ca. 100 eV. The threshold for nitridation by N + 2 and the low energy behavior of its capture probability are governed by the collisional dissociation probability of the impinging molecules. The threshold for nitridation of molybdenum by N + 2 is found to be ∼4 eV.
Influence of storage conditions on the production of hydrocarbons from herbaceous biomass

Abstract An agricultural residue, sugarcane bagasse ( Saccharum spp., hybrid), was used in this study and was stored in piles for 3–26 weeks. Analytical pyrolysis of fresh bagasse samples and samples taken from the center of the bagasse piles after 3.25, 6.5, 13 and 26 weeks of storage showed only small changes in their chemical compositions (pentosans, hexosans and lignin). However, samples taken from the outer surface layer (pile crust) had significantly lower contents of pentosans and hexosans and higher contents of lignin compared to the fresh samples. Samples taken from microbially degraded portions of the pile (composting fraction) showed preferential degradation of the pentosans relative to the hexosans and lignin. The pentosan content of the composting fraction was significantly lower than that from the fresh samples and samples from the centers of the piles. Because of the preferential degradation of the pentosans, the hexosans and lignin contents were relatively higher for the composting fraction compared to the fresh samples. These results clearly indicate that most of the deterioration observed in the bagasse piles occurred on the outer surface layers. Catalytic upgrading of the bagasse pyrolysis vapors also showed that the yield of hydrocarbons from the pile crust was 23% lower than that for the fresh material. However, there were no significant differences between the yields of hydrocarbons from the fresh samples and samples taken from the center of the pile after 3.25, 6.5, 13 and 26 weeks of storage.
Simulation of paper drying systems with incorporation of an experimental drum/paper thermal contact conductance relationship

A theoretical model for simulation of conventional steam-heated cylinder dryers is developed by considering the heat and mass transfer in a porous sheet during drying. Expressions for sheet shrinkage as a function of mass of water removed and for reductions in sheet porosity are derived for inclusion in the model. The interface thermal contact conductance of moist paper handsheet/metal interfaces has been experimentally investigated. A resulting empirical correlation, representing the thermal contact conductance between the cast iron dryer surface and paper web, is incorporated into the drying simulation model to reflect reductions in heat input to the sheet during drying. Finite difference techniques are used to obtain the numerical solutions. Average sheet moisture content and temperature along the length of the dryer section as well as average evaporation rates per cylinder are predicted by the model. Consideration of the internal dynamics of the drying process allows profiles of sheet moisture content, temperature, liquid flux, and vapor flux through the sheet thickness to be developed throughout the dryer section. Drying results are consistent with actual production cases. The model can be used to design dryer sections, study changes in operating conditions or in layout of a multi-cylinder dryer, or simulate themore » application of enhanced drying devices to a conventional drying section. The effect of the drum/paper contact conductance on drying rates and resultant dryer section requirements is provided as an example application of the model.« less
Application of the Positive Thermoelastic Coefficients of Nickel-Iron Alloys to Wide-Temperature-Range Belleville Springs

A method for producing a spring of constant spring-rate versus temperature up to the range of 1000 deg F is presented by series stacking of Belleville spring washers. Several different materials possessing the correct combinations of positive and negative thermoelastic coefficients may be utilized. Materials investigated in this study are types 304 and 430 stainless steels, and 31, 42, 49 Ni-balance Fe alloys. Experimental results for several material combinations are given along with the theoretical predicted results.
Computation of shock acceleration effects on detonation shock dynamics for explosives described by general equation of state

The inclusion of detonation shock acceleration effects leads to an extended theory of detonation shock dynamics (DSD). The shock motion is described by an intrinsic partial differential equation specified in terms of the normal shock velociety, D n , the normal shock acceleration D n , and the curvature, κ . Earlier developments were based on analytical (asymptotic) calculations and carried out for the polytropic equation of state (EOS) that made detailed analysis tractable. But the demands of quantitative accuracy for engineering design require that real EOS constitutive forms be used with more functional complexity. In this paper, we present a numerical approach that can be used to compute the D n -D n -κ -relation for general EOS and rate-law forms.
Third-order optical properties of square-planar transition metal complexes in the visible and near-infrared

Time-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing studies were conducted on solutions of transition metal complexes using 35 ps and 1.2 ps lasers at 1064 nm and 597 nm, respectively. The structure of these complexes consists of a transition metal linked to two ligands of o- aminobenzenethiol or benzenedithiol in a square-planar configuration. This study explores the relationship between molecular structure and optical properties in these simple metal complexes. Structural alteration by metal or ligand substitution shows a pronounced effect on both the linear and nonlinear optical properties of these metal complexes. Several nonlinear optical mechanisms are discussed.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ethanol exacerbates T cell dysfunction after thermal injury

Abstract To understand the mechanism of suppressed immunity following alcohol consumption and thermal injury, we analyzed T cell functions in a mouse model of acute alcohol exposure and burn injury. Mice with blood alcohol levels at approximately 100 mg/dl were given a 15% scald or sham injury. Mice were sacrificed 48 h after injury. Our data demonstrated a 20–25% decrease in Con A-mediated splenic T cell proliferation ( p p
What’s in that package? An evaluation of quality of package honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) shipments in the United States

Abstract To replace deceased colonies or to increase the colony numbers, beekeepers often purchase honey bees, Apis mellifera L., in a package, which is composed of 909–1,364 g (2–3 lb) of worker bees and a mated queen. Packages are typically produced in warm regions of the United States in spring and shipped throughout the United States to replace colonies that perished during winter. Although the package bee industry is effective in replacing colonies lost in winter, packages also can be an effective means of dispersing diseases, parasites, and undesirable stock to beekeepers throughout the United States. To evaluate the quality of packages, we examined 48 packages representing six lines of bees purchased in the spring 2006. We estimated levels of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman and the percentage of drone (male) honey bees received in packages. We surveyed for presence of the tracheal honey bee mite, Acarapis woodi (Rennie), and a microsporidian parasite, Nosema spp., in the shi...
Analysis of Airborne VHF Incidental Noise over Metropolitan Areas-Part II: Horizontal Dipole Antenna

Computation of the incidental, quasi-peak electric field intensity detected by an airborne, tuned, horizontal dipole antenna has been performed using a symmetrical representation of measured, surface man-made incidental radio noise data and the radiation field integral for the observed power at a height, h, above the surface. The derived electric field intensity as a function of observer altitude is compared with the results of four sets of measurements obtained over central Tokyo by Ishida for heights lying between 0.3 and 3 km. The comparisons reveal that the dependence upon altitude of the predicted quasi-peak electric field strength agrees with the observed trends and, further, that the measured and predicted field intensities display an average difference of less than 0.7 dB. These results and experimental comparisons for a tuned, airborne, horizontal dipole antenna complement the experimental confirmations of a comparable analysis previously reported for vertical, tuned, airborne dipole and monopole antennas.
HW/SW co-designed acceleration of dynamic languages

Dynamic Programming Languages, such as Java, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, etc., are dominating languages for pro-gramming the web. HW/SW co-designed virtual machine can significantly accelerate their executions by transparently leveraging internal HW features via an internal compiler. We also argue for a common API to interface dynamic languages with the HW/SW co-designed virtual machine, so that a single internal compiler can accelerate all major dynamic languages.
Analysis of the AO-FDPC optical heterodyne technique for microwave time delay and phased array beamsteering applications

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the application of the acousto-optic frequency-dependent phase compensated (AO-FDPC) optical heterodyne technique for microwave time delay applications and phased array beamsteering. A primary goal of the paper is to resolve open questions that have been associated with this interesting and highly referenced technique. The work presented here quantifies, for the first time, the fundamental time delay performance bounds of this technique in terms of the parameters associated with the AO-FDPC acousto-optic (AO) cell and the signal bandwidth. The theory presented in this paper is used to interpret previously reported experimental results that have been subject to debate. Much of the theoretical approach is general and may, therefore, be modified to address the design of new FDPC approaches. Finally, the wide-band beamsteering performance that can be achieved with this technique is quantified in terms of the AO cell parameters and phased array specifications.
Heterologously expressed serotonin 1A receptors couple to muscarinic K+ channels in heart.

Abstract In cardiac atrial cells, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate a K+ current directly via a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). Serotonin type 1A receptors may activate a similar pathway in hippocampal neurons. To develop a system in which receptor/G protein/K+ channel coupling can be experimentally manipulated, we have used a highly efficient recombinant vaccinia virus vector system to express human serotonin 1A receptors in primary cultures of rat atrial myocytes. The expressed 1A receptors activated the inwardly rectifying K+ conductance that is normally activated by the endogenous muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Maximal responses to either agonist occluded further activation by the other agonist. The average activation time constants for serotonin were about 5 times slower than for acetylcholine. The data support suggestions that the intracellular signaling pathway from seven-helix receptors to G proteins and directly to ion channels is widespread in excitable cells. After a fraction of the G proteins are activated irreversibly by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, subsequent transduction proceeds more efficiently. One possible interpretation is that multiple G-protein molecules are required to activate each channel. Vaccinia virus expression vectors are thus useful for expressing seven-helix receptors in primary cultures of postmitotic cells and have provided a heterologous expression system for the signaling pathway from seven-helix receptors to G proteins and directly to ion channels.
DNA Microarray placement for improved performance and reliability

DNA Microarrays or DNA chips have become a standard method for identification of DNA sequence (genes or gene mutation), determination of abundance of genes and other genomic analysis. DNA Microarrays are composed of small DNA fragments (probes) which are manufactured using masks and photolithographic method similar to VLSI industry. However, photolithographic manufacturing technology introduces errors in the probes due to unintended illumination leading to reduced performance and reliability of the Microarray. In this paper, we present a placement method using a metric for performance of microarray. We propose a Hilbert-curve filling based probe placement which incorporates the performance metric. Experimental results show upto 57x increase in the hybridization potential (leading to higher performance and reliability) of the probes on using our method.
Efficient AC Analysis of Oscillators using Least-Squares Methods

We present a generalization of standard AC analysis to oscillators by exploiting least-squares solution techniques. This provides an attractive alternative to the current practice of employing transient simulation for small signal analysis of oscillators. Unlike phase condition based oscillator analysis techniques, which suffer from numerical artifacts, the least-squares approach of this paper results in a robust and efficient oscillator AC technique. We validate our method on LC and ring oscillators, obtaining speedups of 1-3 orders of magnitude over transient simulation, and 4-6times over phase-condition-based techniques
A Vertical Sundial as a DBS Antenna

In recent years, the Direct Broadcasting Satellite (DBS) system has induced the widespread use of dish installations in Italy, even in ancient cities and in areas of particular value. In many cases, they have compromised the beauty of the buildings and in some cities the uncontrolled installation of such antennas has been forbidden. This letter suggests an answer to this problem, as it proposes a low-cost solution which makes the antenna integration with the existing environment easier. An example is presented, where the proposed configuration, consisting of a tailor-made offset reflector, has been used to realize a vertical sundial. The antenna radiation patterns and the electrical characteristics are also reported
Planning a Group‐Randomized Trial

Planning a group-randomized trial (GRT) is a complex process. This article discusses the process behind planning a GRT, including the research question, team, design, potential problems and variables, and intervention. Keywords: group-randomized trial; GRT ; research question; team; design; power
Visualization for the document space

Visualization for the document space is an important issue for future information retrieval systems. This article describes an information retrieval framework that promotes graphical displays which will make documents in the computer visualizable to the searcher. As examples of such graphical displays, two simulation results of using Kohonen's feature map to generate map displays for information retrieval are presented and discussed. The map displays are a mapping from a high-dimensional document space to a two-dimensional space. They show document relationships by various visual cues such as dots, links, clusters and areas as well as their measurement and spatial arrangement. Using the map displays as an interface for document retrieval systems, we will provide the user with richer visual information to support browsing and searching.
A trans-Golgi Network Resident Protein, golgin-97, Accumulates in Viral Factories and Incorporates into Virions during Poxvirus Infection

Poxviruses are the only DNA viruses known to replicate and assemble in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Poxvirus morphogenesis is a complicated process in which four distinct infectious forms of the virus are produced: intracellular mature virus, intracellular enveloped virus, cell-associated enveloped virus, and extracellular enveloped virus. The source of primary membrane wrapping the intracellular mature virus, the first infectious form, is still unknown. Although the membrane was suggested to originate from the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, none of the marker proteins from this or any other cell compartments has been found in the intracellular mature virus. Thus, it was hypothesized that the membrane is either extensively modified by the virus or synthesized de novo. In the work described here, we demonstrate that a host cell protein residing in the trans-Golgi network membrane, golgin-97, is transported to the sites of virus replication and assembly and becomes incorporated into the virions during poxvirus infection. Inside the virion, golgin-97 is associated with the insoluble core protein fraction. Being able to adopt a long rod-like structure, the protein apparently extends through the virion envelope and protrudes from its surface. Here we discuss the potential role and functions of golgin-97 in poxvirus replication and propose two working models.
Investigation of digital filtering for stacked, phased ultrasound transducers

High bandwidth transducers are of interest in all applications of ultrasound imaging. A stacked, phased multi-layer transducer was previously described that extended the bandwidth to multiple octaves. However, the frequency response of this transducer design is characterized by multiple peaks and troughs that will result in a 'ringy' waveform. However, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and related devices are ubiquitous. Modern ultrasound systems digitize received signals and incorporate digital filters. In this paper the utility of digital filtering for improving transducer frequency response was tested in MATLAB. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model was developed in PZFlex to simulate a transducer array element. Our FEA and Matlab simulation results indicate that a matched filter in transducer receive path can remove the 'bumps' in the spectrum and reduce the -20dB pulse length by approximately 14%. An inverse filter employed in the transmitting path can also improve the characteristics of the transmitted signal - reducing the pulse length by 35%. A Pseudo-inverse procedure was used to design these FIR filters with a desired length. Furthermore, a design parameter iteration simulation demonstrates that this digital filtering technique can work effectively even when there is variation in the material properties and transducer element dimensions. Major parameters considered included: electro-mechanical coupling coefficient (+/-10%), dielectric permittivity (+/-10%) and transducer element thickness (+/-5%). The results demonstrate that digital filtering can play an important role in compensating for transducer spectral response imperfections. Thus, we can obtain reduced pulse length and improved imaging resolution with high bandwidth multi-layer transducers. The approach also has value for compensating for spectral imperfections in conventional single layer transducers.
Age, ethnicity, and use of complementary and alternative medicine in health self-management.

Drawing on models of health self-management, we develop hypotheses that age and ethnicity will modify associations among indicators of poor health and use of complementary and alternative medicine. These hypotheses are evaluated using the 2002 National Health Interview Survey with the Alternative Health Supplement. Results produced partial support for hypotheses that the effects of ailments on use of complementary and alternative medicine differ by age. Results suggest that ailments such as bodily pain, chronic conditions, and functional impairment are associated with use of complementary and alternative medicine among midlife and younger adults, but these associations are generally attenuated among older adults. Hypothesized ethnic differences received weak support. These findings suggest that different interpretations of ailments and appropriate responses may explain why complementary and alternative medicine is used by fewer older adults. The results also highlight the significance of social and cultural factors in understanding patterns of complementary and alternative medicine use in the adult population.
“In the Hood and on the Job”: Social Capital Accumulation among Legal and Unauthorized Mexican Immigrants

Social capital research rarely separates interpersonal networks of reciprocity from trust (a characteristic of some relationships) or civic group participation and has generally ignored Portes's ca...
Latin America and the Collapsing Ideological Supports of Neoliberalism

A selective examination of empirical cases is used to explore the incipient conditions of ideological breakdown in Latin American neoliberalism. The context of neoliberal consolidation is reviewed and the ideological supports for neoliberalism through the educational system and mass media are treated in a political context. Discussion then turns to the role of ideology in popular challenges to neoliberal domination where the need for further theorizing is identified. A preliminary conceptualization of the ideological decline of neoliberalism is proposed in order to begin charting a path towards a post-neoliberal alternative in Latin America, one that can genuinely address the region’s development needs.
Development and validation of a binomial sequential sampling plan for striped cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cucurbits

Adult striped cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum (F.), were sampled in 20 fields during 1994-1995 in southern Minnesota. Data in both years were collected using a fixed sample unit of 7 consecutive plants within a row and a fixed sample size of 48. Sample units of 1 through 7 plants were separated out from each data set, and data sets for each sample unit of 1, 2, 3,... 7 plants each, were used for analysis. The sampling plan was analyzed and validated using resampling software, Resampling validation for sampling plans, which uses the Wald sequential probability ratio test to develop a binomial sampling plan. Based on actual a (type I) and β (type II) error rates derived from the resampling analysis of 32-36 data sets, the optimum sample unit was determined to be 2 consecutive plants. Specifying nominal error rates of α = β = 0.10, with a tally threshold = 2 and an action threshold = 0.25, the sample plan required an average of 14, 2-plant sample units per field. Actual α and β error rates were 0.05 and 0.08, respectively. Analysis of the average sample number function indicated that a maximum of 29 samples would be required to classify A. vittatum populations near the action threshold of 0.25 proportion of samples infested with a tally threshold = 2. Binomial sampling plans should provide an efficient sampling program for use in managing A. vittatum infestations in cucurbits with minimal sampling costs.
Preventing and controlling foodborne disease in commercial and institutional food service settings: a systematic review of published intervention studies.

This study reviews the current literature on behavioral and environmental food safety interventions conducted in commercial and institutional food service settings. A systematic search of the published literature yielded 268 candidate articles, from which a set of 23 articles reporting intervention outcomes was retained for evaluation. A categorization of measured outcomes is reported; studies addressed multiple outcomes ranging from knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of personal hygiene and food safety to management practices and disease rates and outbreaks. This study also investigates the quality of reported research methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions, using a nine-point quality index adapted by the authors. The observed scores suggest that there are opportunities to improve the design and reporting of research in the field of foodborne disease prevention as it applies to food safety interventions that target the food service industry. The aim is to aid researchers in this ...
Association Between Diverticulosis and Colonic Neoplasia: A Meta-Analysis.

To the Editor: We were interested in the article written by Peery et al (1). The authors performed a study in patients who underwent screening colonoscopy to assess the association between colonic diverticula and colonic adenomas. They found that diverticula were not associated with an increased risk of either adenomas or advanced adenomas. Several studies assessing these associations reported conflicting results. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the strength of association between colonic diverticula and colonic neoplasms.
Aerodynamic and Structure Numerical Simulation of Cruise Missile with Fan Style Wing

The numerical simulation of the cruise missile equipped with grid fins and three folding wings wee performed in this paper for investing its aerodynamic and structure characteristic.The structure model was made by using the software Patran.All of the material properties were input,and then the intrinsic mode was calculated by the software Nastran.The aerodynamic model was made by using the software Gambit,then the model was induced into Fluent to be computed by the method of density coupling after the unstructured meshes were made,and the values of lift force and drag force coefficient were obtained.The intensity of the missile folding wing was checked by the aerodynamic results,the statics mechanics calculation was performed by FEM and engineering algorithms respective,and the results of the largest angle of attack under various mach numbers were obtained.The results can afford original data for preliminary,ballistic and control design.
Design of Electric Control System and Study of Automatic Quasi-Synch Ronization of Thermal Power Plant

In light of the features of electric control system (ECS) of 300 MW unit,the sequential control system of generator unit was designed;the control process of synchronizing device was analyzed;the fuzzy control algorithm of guasi-synchronizing device was researched and developed,with the automation level of generator unit raised and the coordinated control of steam turbine,boiler and generator was better realized.
Numerical Investigation of Low Frequency Noise in MOSFETs with High-k Gate Stacks

Two numerical models based on the impedance field method have been implemented to investigate the flicker noise in MOSFETs with high-kappa gate stacks. The equivalent model uses approximate channel current noise source, while the physical model is based on the Langevin approach and accounts for the non-local carrier tunneling. The scaling impact on the flicker noise is investigated with the developed models. The validity of the models in the sub-threshold regime is examined. Comparison with experimental data indicates the importance of modeling the nonuniform trap energy distribution. The degradation of the flicker noise performance due to halo doping is also studied
A Case of Concurrent Miller-Dieker Syndrome (17p13.3 Deletion) and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Features of Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS, 17p13.3 deletion syndrome, LIS1-associated lissencephaly) include classic lissencephaly, microcephaly, cardiac malformations, growth restriction, and characteristic facial changes. Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome or velocardiofacial syndrome) are known to have congenital cardiac malformations (in particular conotruncal defects), palatal abnormalities (especially velopharyngeal insufficiency), hypocalcemia, immune deficiency, learning disabilities, and characteristic facial features. This case report describes phenotypic characteristics of a patient with extremely rare instance of having both MDS and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome that is unique in the medical literature. Prognosis in this concurrent phenotype is poor with our patient suffering from several malformations seen in both conditions and expiring in the neonatal period.
218. Monitoring ER Stress Activation of the ATF6 Pathway Using Nanoluciferase

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an invaluable component of the secretory pathway; serving as the main site for protein synthesis and modification, lipid metabolism, lipoprotein secretion, and calcium homeostasis. In response to “stress”, the ER maintains homeostasis through the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is an adaptive response employed by the ER to alleviate stress caused by misfolded proteins. UPR activation is mediated by three transmembrane proteins; IRE1 (inositolrequiring protein-1), ATF6 (activating transcription factor- 6), and PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase). Here we describe the construction and characterization of a Nanoluciferase-based assay to look at the activation of the ATF6 prong of the UPR. We demonstrate the ability to simultaneously monitor ER calcium homeostasis using a novel Gaussia luciferase-based sensor. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate the ability to monitor ATF6 activation in human neuroblastoma cells, rat hepatoma cell line, and rat liver. With this approach we hope to gain better understanding of the contributions of ATF6 activation and ER calcium depletion in disease pathogenesis. Ongoing studies will examinegenetically or pharmacologically augmenting or inhibiting these pathways as a therapeutic approach.
The effect of alkyl chain length on material properties of fatty-acid-functionalized amidoamine-epoxy systems

Abstract Polyamine crosslinkers functionalized with pendant fatty acids are commercially used in epoxy coatings in part to enhance water barrier properties for corrosion prevention. However, a systematic understanding of the links between monomer molecular structure and material properties of such systems remains elusive, which limits our ability to design newer and more environmentally friendly coating systems. In this work, the effect of n-alkyl chain length in fatty-acid-functionalized polyamines on crosslinked epoxy-amidoamine systems is studied using a combined experimental and simulation-based approach. Both experiments and simulations show that density decreases and volume-expansion coefficients increase with increasing pendant chain length. Furthermore, it is shown that the trends in density and coefficient of volume thermal expansion with chain length obtained from simulations are consistent with an ideal mixing approximation. Interestingly, however, the glass-transition temperature T g is found to be insensitive to chain length. Molecular simulations reveal that increasing the alkyl chain length from four to ten carbons does not introduce new flexibility mechanisms to the dense thermosets, which explains the T g insensitivity. This work demonstrates a new way to significantly decrease the density of a thermoset polymer without compromising desirable properties such as high T g and low coefficient of thermal expansion, and therefore may provide sounder rationale for molecular-based design of epoxy-based coatings.
A local density-based approach for outlier detection

A local density-based approach for outlier detection is proposed.The theoretical properties of the proposed outlierness score are derived.Three types of nearest neighbors are presented. This paper presents a simple and effective density-based outlier detection approach with local kernel density estimation (KDE). A Relative Density-based Outlier Score (RDOS) is introduced to measure local outlierness of objects, in which the density distribution at the location of an object is estimated with a local KDE method based on extended nearest neighbors of the object. Instead of using only k nearest neighbors, we further consider reverse nearest neighbors and shared nearest neighbors of an object for density distribution estimation. Some theoretical properties of the proposed RDOS including its expected value and false alarm probability are derived. A comprehensive experimental study on both synthetic and real-life data sets demonstrates that our approach is more effective than state-of-the-art outlier detection methods.
Reassessing design and analysis of two-colour microarray experiments using mixed effects models: Conference Papers

Gene expression microarray studies have led to interesting experimental design and statistical analysis challenges. The comparison of expression profiles across populations is one of the most common objectives of microarray experiments. In this manuscript we review some issues regarding design and statistical analysis for two-colour microarray platforms using mixed linear models, with special attention directed towards the different hierarchical levels of replication and the consequent effect on the use of appropriate error terms for comparing experimental groups. We examine the traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) models proposed for microarray data and their extensions to hierarchically replicated experiments. In addition, we discuss a mixed model methodology for power and efficiency calculations of different microarray experimental designs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real-time scheduling for wireless networks with random deadlines

The use of wireless communications in industrial environments is motivated by the flexibility that wireless networks provide and their cost-efficient setup and maintenance. Various wireless technologies have been introduced to satisfy the strict industrial requirements. Time division multiple access (TDMA) protocols have been widely exploited in various wireless technologies due to the ease of implementation and packets collision avoidance. In this work, we consider the problem of scheduling multiple flows over a wireless network in industrial environments. These flows represent the data coming from the sensors to the controller and the control commands going to the actuators from the controllers. These flows are characterized by random strict deadlines for each packet in a flow following a given probability distribution. Moreover, the schedule is built over a frame of transmissions with the objective of minimizing the total number of packets missing their deadlines. We obtain the optimal scheduling scheme by formulating and solving an unobservable Markov decision problem (UMDP). Then, we obtain a sub-optimal scheduling scheme which has a near-optimal performance for a wide range of system parameters. Finally, we evaluate these scheduling schemes numerically to study the effects of various system parameters on the performance.
Investigation of electromagnetic noise on pole and slot number combinations with possible fractional-slot concentrated windings

The aim of this paper is to investigate the pole (2p) and slot (Q s ) number combinations with concentrated windings to yield a minimum electromagnetic noise resulting from vibration mode order and torque variation. Preferentially, a novel method of finding possible pole and slot number combination is provided based on the new factor, i.e., C cw called key winding factor. In addition, the relationship between pole/slot number combination and the electromagnetic noise behaviors is established. The major finding can be summarized as follows: 1) Possible pole and slot number combinations are simply determined by whether C cw is the natural number (i.e., 1, 2, 3…) or not. 2) The vibration mode order is determined by the greatest common divisor (GCD) of pole and slot numbers with all teeth wound. 3) Unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) can occur in not only 2p = Q s ± 1 but also other combinations. 4) The peak to peak cogging torque is greatly influenced by the least common multiple (LCM) of pole and slot numbers. 5) The electromagnetic torque ripple can be reduced by high C cw . The proposed analysis is implemented on 10-pole/9-slot, 10-pole/12-slot, and 10-pole/15-slot motors and validated with both analytical and finite element (FE) results.
IP-Strukturierung nach M&A Deals – aktuelle Entwicklungen unter Berücksichtigung von BEPS

An example of a stunningly successful merger was Procter & Gamble’s 2005 acquisition of Gillette. While some cost synergies were realized, the real payoff came because each company independently recognized that it had the permission to expand what it was offering to its core customers and that the capabilities to deliver on this potential resided in the other company. Gillette dominated the men’s shaving market with its Mach series of razors.
Can a Clinician-Scientist Training Program Develop Academic Orthopaedic Surgeons? One Program’s Thirty-Year Experience

Background Clinician-scientist numbers have been stagnant over the past few decades despite awareness of this trend. Interventions attempting to change this problem have been seemingly ineffective, but research residency positions have shown potential benefit. Objective We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinician-scientist training program (CSTP) in an academic orthopedic residency in improving academic productivity and increasing interest in academic careers. Methods Resident training records were identified and reviewed for all residents who completed training between 1976 and 2014 (n = 329). There were no designated research residents prior to 1984 (pre-CSTP). Between 1984 and 2005, residents self-selected for the program (CSTP-SS). In 2005, residents were selected by program before residency (CSTP-PS). Residents were also grouped by program participation, research vs. clinical residents (RR vs. CR). Data were collected on academic positions and productivity through Internet-based and PubMed search, as well as direct e-mail or phone contact. Variables were then compared based on the time duration and designation. Results Comparing all RR with CR, RR residents were more likely to enter academic practice after training (RR, 34%; CR, 20%; p = 0.0001) and were 4 times more productive based on median publications (RR, 14; CR, 4; p Conclusions The CSTP increased academic productivity during residency for the residents and the program. However, this program did not lead to a clear increase in academic productivity after residency and did not result in more trainees choosing a career as clinician-scientists.
Pediatric Neurology in Resource-Limited Settings: a Systematic Review

The goal of this review is to provide a succinct summary of issues related to the practice of child neurology in resource-limited settings. Questions addressed in this review include the comparative epidemiology of neurologic disorders affecting children in low-resource settings, changes in epidemiology over time, challenges posed by neurologic disorders in these settings, and health system-based solutions to those challenges. A number of recent epidemiological studies including the Global Burden of Disease studies have elucidated key differences in the epidemiology of neurologic disorders in low-resource setting. Neurologic disorders account for a substantial portion of the burden of disease in both high-resource and low-resource settings, but the relative prevalence of specific disorders are substantially different between these settings. There has been a trend over the last 25 years towards a relative decrease in the prevalence of neurologic disorders secondary to communicable disorders in resource-limited settings, with a relative increase in the prevalence of noncommunicable neurologic disorders. However, the burden of neurologic disorders secondary to infectious causes and malnutrition in resource-limited settings remains substantial. Barriers to optimizing neurologic care in resource-limited settings include (1) absence of financial resources and government commitment; (2) concentration of most resources in urban areas; (3) challenges of integration of neurologic care into primary care settings; (4) scarcity of neurologic expertise; and (5) stigma associated with neurologic disorders.
NO evaporative cooling in the Π 3 /2 2 state

The scattering at ultralow temperatures of fermionic $^{14}\mathrm{N}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ molecules in the metastable $^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{3/2}$ is considered, under the influence of parallel electric and magnetic fields. It is found that a magnetic field of several thousand Gauss can enhance the ratio of elastic-to-inelastic collision rates. The magnetic field can therefore assist the electric field in increasing this ratio. Evaporative cooling of NO is feasible only in the presence of combined magnetic and electric fields and for temperatures above about 70 mK.
Biosurveillance, Case Reporting, and Decision Support: Public Health Interactions with a Health Information Exchange

This paper describes support for three public health practice domains in demonstrations of a model health information exchange (HIE): biosurveillance, case reporting, and communication from public health to providers through integrated decision support. The model HIE implements interoperability through the use of existing semantic and syntactic standards specified as part of Integration Profiles to support specific data transfer use cases. We implemented these profiles in several public health applications using a service-orientated architecture approach. Methods were validated for each public health domain in national showcase demonstrations. We believe that this work has implications for the integration of public health functions into any HIE, regardless of its architecture, because our informatics methods support a distributed environment. This approach may be extended to strengthen development of the Public Health Grid, a project currently being led by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Photosynthesis of White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Germplasms with Contrasting Leaf Size

In a growth chamber experiment, we determined net photosynthetic rate (PN) and leaf developmental characteristics of cultivars of a relatively small-, intermediate-, and a large-leaf genotype grown under irradiance of 450-500 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1 (HI), shade [140-160 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1] (LI), and after a shade-to-irradiation (LI »HI) transfer. Differences in physiological responses of the genotypes were more pronounced in HI and LI»HI plants than in LI plants. The small- and intermediate-leaf sizes had greater PN in the first measured leaf than the large-leaf type by 70 and 63 % in HI plants, and by 23 and 18 % in LI»HI plants, respectively. Similar relationships were observed in the next developed leaf. The LI plants did not differ significantly in PN. Greater PN in the small- and intermediate-leaf size genotypes were not associated with greater total dry matter of the plant. Under irradiation, the large-leaf genotype accumulated more total nonstructural saccharides (TNS) and starch than the small- or intermediate-leaf size plants. TNS and starch concentrations in LI plants were about one-half those of HI and LI»HI plants. These results should help to develop management practices that capitalize upon the competitive features of white clover in mixed-species swards.
Parent–Adolescent Interaction and Optimal Experience

Thirty adolescents and their parents participated in a study of family interaction and optimal experience. Family members completed questionnaires, and discussed 7 topics for approximately 30 minutes while being videotaped. The audio portion of the tape was replayed after the discussion, with pauses after each topic segment to allow family members an opportunity to complete a modified form of the Experience Sampling Method. Family interaction was coded by independent observers, and compared to family members' experiential reports. Results showed that family communication complexity (i.e., interaction characterized jointly by integrating and differentiating responses) was associated with family members' reports of more optimal experience (i.e., feelings of interest and/or flow experience). Segment-to-segment analyses added that increases and descreases in family members' interest were associated with upward and downward changes in communication complexity, respectively. These findings, and the novel methodological approach, are discussed in terms of their relevance for studying adolescent development in the family.