cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleosynthesis in Classical Novae and Its Contribution to the Interstellar Medium

Classical novae, explosions that result from thermonuclear runaways (TNRs) on the surfaces of white dwarfs (WDs) accreting hydrogen-rich matter in close binary systems, are sporadically injecting material processed by explosive hydrogen-burning nucleosynthesis into the interstellar medium (ISM). Although novae probably have processed less than »0.3% of the interstellar matter in the Galaxy, both theoretical and observational evidence suggests that they may be important sources of the nuclides 7 Li, 15 N, and 17 O, as well as the radioactive isotopes 22 Na and 26 Al. The latter nuclides are astrophysically important in that they may have been involved in the production of the 22 Ne (Ne-E) and 26 Mg enrichments identified in meteoritic inclusions, the composition of which is thought to be representative of the chemical and mineral contents of the primitive solar nebula. These inclusions may be partially composed of dust condensed in nova outbursts. We review theoretical expectations for the yields of various isotopes in nova outbursts and conclude that any of the heavy isotope anomalies attributable to novae are most likely produced by the approximately 25%-33% of novae that occur in systems containing massive ( M,) oxygen-neon-magnesium (ONeMg) WDs. We attempt to place quantitative constraints M 1 1.2 ⁄ on the degree to which classical novae participate in the production of chemical anomalies, both in the primitive solar system and on a Galactic scale. Diffuse Galactic g-ray fluxes provide particularly important clues to and constraints on the 22 Na and 26 Al yields from novae. Ultraviolet (UV), optical, and infrared (IR) emission-line spectra of classical novae reveal the abundances of some of the gas-phase elements present in the ejecta; recent results are reviewed. We describe how IR observations of novae reveal dust formation and gas-phase line emission and how they distinguish the temporal development of nova explosions on carbon-oxygen (CO) WDs (CO novae) from those on ONeMg WDs (ONeMg or "neon" novae). Recent studies show that the ejecta in some novae can be strongly cooled by near- and mid-IR forbidden-line radiation from highly ionized ("coronal") atomic states. We compare the abundances deduced from recent UV, optical, and IR observations with theoretical predictions, and we suggest that future studies of IR coronal emission lines may provide additional key information. Novae produce only about 0.1% of the Galactic "stardust" (dust condensed in stellar outflows), but IR observations show that it may be some of the more interesting dust. Novae appear capable of producing astrophysical dust of virtually every known chemical and mineral composition. We summarize recent IR observations of the dust production scenario in novae and argue that neon novae may lead to the formation of dust grains that carry the Ne-E and 26 Mg anomalies.
Facilitating Collaborative Knowledge Building

This article describes a detailed analysis of knowledge building in a problem-based learning group. Knowledge building involves increasing the collective knowledge of a group through social discourse. For knowledge building to occur in the classroom, the teacher needs to create opportunities for constructive discourse in order to support student learning and collective knowledge building. In problem-based learning, students learn through collaborative problem solving and reflecting on their experiences. The setting for this study is a group of second-year medical students working with an expert facilitator. The analysis was designed to understand how the facilitator provided opportunities for knowledge-building discourse and how the learners accomplished collective knowledge building. We examined episodes of knowledge-building discourse, the questions and statements that the students and facilitator generated throughout the tutorial, the change in their understanding of the problem that they were solving,...
A Potent Activator of Melanogenesis Identified from Small‐Molecule Screening

Small molecules that increase the cellular level of melanin can be used to study melanogenesis, and have therapeutic potential for melanin-related diseases such as albinism. We describe the identification of a potent activator of melanogenesis from a targeted combinatorial library. Treating melanocytes with our most active molecule results in a 1.8-fold increase in melanin, and an increase in tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine, a key step in melanin biosynthesis.
Intimacy, power, and psychological well-being in medical students

Numerous reports suggest that medical school has adverse psychological effects on medical students, although not all students are affected equally. The authors examined the effects of two social motives, the need for power and the need for intimacy, on measures of well-being and distress obtained th
Downscaling large-scale circulation to local winter rainfall in north-eastern Mexico

The large-scale atmospheric controls on winter rainfall variability for north‒eastern Mexico and south‒eastern Texas are diagnosed based on 8 years (1985–1993) of daily data from the Goddard Space Flight Center four‒dimensional data assimilation scheme. Downscaling techniques based on artificial neural nets are used to derive transfer functions from the large‒scale circulation to local precipitation. Daily rainfall amounts are predicted from synoptic sea‒level pressure, 500 hPa heights, and the 1000–500 hPa thickness, and summed over the cool season (NDJF). The monthly rainfall totals are also predicted independently from other indices of the large‒scale circulation, such as 1000–500 hPa thickness, the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern, and a standardized Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) derived from the Tahiti minus Darwin sea‒level pressure difference. Time‒lagged component scores from a rotated principal component analysis of sea‒level pressure, 500 hPa heights, and 1000–500 hPa thickness serve as input to a neural net that produces time‒series of daily rainfall amounts for 20 grid‒points in the study area. The correlation between the observed and predicted rainfall is greater than 0·7 in the coastal plains of the Gulf of Mexico and less than 0·7 over the Sierra Madre and the Gulf, suggesting an increase in the importance of local rainfall processes in the last two regions. The analysis shows a systematic relationship between the performance of the net and physiography, which is confirmed by the consistency of the patterns of spatial correlation, mean absolute error, and root‒mean‒square error at different time‒scales. The net captures the phase and amplitude of most of the rainfall events, reflecting the influence of the large‒scale circulation. However, interannual fluctuations in rainfall associated with persistent El Nino conditions are partly bypassed by the net, suggesting that more information is needed to predict extreme events. The PNA pattern does not seem to be associated with local rainfall in north‒eastern Mexico and south‒eastern Texas during the period analysed. © 1997 The Royal Meteorological Society.
Optimal self assembly of modular manipulators with active and passive modules

In this paper, we develop self-assembling robot systems composed of active modular robots and passive bars. The target structure is modeled as a dynamic graph. We present two provably correct algorithms for creating the structure. A decentralized optimal algorithm for the navigation of multiple modular robots on a partial truss structure is used to guide the robots to their location on the target structure. A decentralized algorithm for scheduling the transportation and placement of truss elements is used to coordinate the creation of the target structure. Both algorithms rely on locally optimal matching. The truss self-assembly algorithm has quadratic competitive ratio for static as well as dynamic graph representation. We show simulation results and results for experiments with two 3DOF robots and passive bars that can create and control a 6DOF manipulation.
Analyse prospective de l'ischémie critique des membres inférieurs : facteurs conduisant à une amputation majeure d'emblée ou à une revascularisation

Au sein de notre population de plus en plus âgee, les amputations majeures primaires (AMP) de jambe ou de cuisse continuent a etre realisees malgre les progres des techniques de revascularisation. Nous avons emis l'hypothese que non seulement les comorbidites des malades mais egalement le systeme de soins affectaient le traitement des malades ayant une ischemie critique de membre (ICM). Nous avons entrepris une analyse prospective des malades se presentant avec une ICM afin de determiner si des facteurs lies aux malades ou des facteurs lies au systeme de soins influencaient le traitement par une AMP d'emblee versus une revascularisation du membre inferieur (RMI). Les facteurs specifiques des malades tels que l'âge, le sexe, la race, la presence de lesions coronaires, la presence d'une insuffisance vasculaire cerebrale, le tabagisme, le diabete, l'insuffisance renale terminale (IRT) sous hemodialyse, l'hypertension arterielle, l'hyperlipidemie, le stade de l'ICM (douleurs de decubitus, troubles trophiques mineurs ou majeurs), les antecedents de revascularisation et l'etat fonctionnel (mode de vie et etat ambulatoire) ont ete notes. Les facteurs lies au systeme de soins tels que le delai entre le debut de l'ICM et l'evaluation en chirurgie vasculaire et le type d'assurance (managed care versus autres assurances) ont egalement ete notes. L'influence des facteurs lies aux malades et au systeme de soins sur la modalite therapeutique primaire (AMP versus RMI) a ete determinee par analyse uni et multivariee. Un total de 224 malades se sont presentes avec une ICM entre le 1 er Mars 2001 et le 1 er Mars 2005. Les malades ont ete traites par AMP dans 97 cas (43%) et revascularisations dans 127 cas (57%). En analyse univariee, la race non blanche, le diabete, l'IRT, une perte de substance importante, une situation de dependance et un statut non ambulatoire etaient des facteurs predictifs significatifs d'AMP versus RMI (p
INAPPARENT INTRAUTERINE HSV INFECTION DETECTED BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

We have used glucose oxidate-avidin-biotin (GAB) immunohistochemistry to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 & 2 virion antigen in fixed tissue. Cases were selected by placental or cord pathology &/or clinical findings in the fetus/neonate. Virus was detected in placenta, umbilical cord &/or fetal/infant organs from 17 pregnancies (1 set twins; 15 newborns & 3 stillborns). Antigen was found in single mesenchymal & epithelial cells without characteristic viral cytopathology. Viral cultures were positive in one case (skin vesicles). Five mothers had clinical or laboratory evidence of HSV 1/2 infections before or during pregnancy, but none had evidence of active infection at delivery. Thirteen pregnancies ended prematurely & 5 infants/fetuses were small for gestational age. Ten newborns were severely ill. Four infants died before 7-1/2 months of age. Of 11 survivors, 2 have severe CNS abnormalities, 1 persistent pulmonary disease & 2 remain hospitalized. Diagnoses associated with GAB positive herpes virus in specific organs include NEC, hepatitis with cholestatic jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis, aseptic meningitis, progressive cystic brain degeneration, & cardiac arrhythmias. We conclude that intrauterine HSV infection is more common than believed & that intrauterine HSV infection may persist in the fetus & neonate chronically without cytopathology or detectable virus & may be associated with prematurity, intrauterine & neonatal death, organ damage, & progressive neonatal disease.
Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Biocomposites on Magnesium for Orthopedic Applications

The objective of this study is to produce a uniform and consistent nanophase hydroxyapatite (nHA) and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating on three-dimensional magnesium (Mg) implants using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. Mg is biodegradable, mechanically strong, and promising for orthopedic implant and device applications. However, currently available Mg and its alloys degrade too rapidly to meet clinical needs. To control Mg degradation and promote bone ingrowth, nHA/PLGA composite microspheres were synthesized and deposited onto Mg substrates using EPD process. Annealing was applied to improve the coating adhesion. The surface morphology, composition, and coating cross-section were examined using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The results showed the presence of calcium, phosphorous, carbon, and oxygen peaks, indicating the successful deposition of nHA/PLGA microspheres on Mg. The corrosion resistance of the coated Mg was evaluated using the Tafel test. The results showed that the nHA/PLGA composite coating improved the corrosion resistance of Mg.
Hemodynamic and echocardiographic assessment of the effects of diltiazem during transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Abstract The effects of diltiazem during transient myocardial ischemia were studied in 17 patients (age 58 ± 11 years, 12 men, 5 women) undergoing 1-vessel left anterior descending percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After hemodynamic, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic data were obtained during the control ischemic periods, diltiazem (10 mg intravenous bolus with 500 μg/ min infusion) was given and 15 minutes later ischemia reinduced. Diltiazem reduced mean arterial pressure (113 ± 16 to 95 ± 15 mm Hg, p
SU‐FF‐T‐81: Automated Planning for Fast On‐Line CT‐Guided Adaptive Re‐Planning in IMRT for Prostate Cancer Patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of our recently developed automated planning method for automated on‐line re‐planning to account for inter‐fractional changes encountered in prostate IMRT.Method and Materials: Three prostate cancer patients treated in our institution were randomly selected for this study. For each patient, an initial plan was generated on the planning CT using automated optimization algorithm (AOA) without trial and error. Three on‐line image guided strategies were evaluated: 1) the original plan applied to the repeated CT scan using the prostate‐center‐of‐mass alignment; 2) re‐optimized plan using the same objectives as those in the original plan; and 3) automated re‐optimized plan by AOA. Results: On average for 3 plans on 8 repeat CTs, V40, V60, and V70 for the rectum, V60 and V70 for the bladder of strategy 3 were reduced by at least 30.03%, 18.32%, and 12.12%, 6.98% and 5.43%, respectively, compared to those of strategies 1 and 2 for patient 1, by 22.23%, 14.89%, and 10.08%, 5.15% and 3.89%, respectively, for patient 2, and by 14.81%, 9.21%, and 6.90%, 4.56% and 3.77%, respectively, for patient 3. Strategy 3 also reduced the doses to the normal tissues (body excluding rectum, bladder and PTV) than strategy 1 and 2. CTV coverage for patient 2 in strategy 1 was compromised, but adequate for all other strategies for all three patients. Conclusion: Fully automated, without trial and error IMRT re‐planning is an effective approach for on‐line compensation of the target dose deficit and critical organ overdose caused by inter‐fractional anatomical change for CT‐guided adaptive IMRT for prostate cancer.
Endogenous Marinobufagenin-Like Factor In Acute Plasma Volume Expansion

The aim of the study was to further investigate the nature of endogenous digitalis-like factors stimulated by acute plasma volume expansion (VE), 10 male Fisher 344XNB rats were given intravenous (iv) saline infusion (4% of the body mass) for 30 min, which caused a fall in % hematocrit (35.9±0.69 vs. 41.8±1.05; vs. 10 controls, P<0.01). EDLF was measured in C-18 reverse-phase extracted (32%+80% acetonitrile) tissues. VE was associated with an increase in plasma marinobufagenin-like factor (MLF)(0.49±0.05 vs. 0.2±0.06 nmol/L, P<0.01) and pituitary ouabain-like compound (OLC) (30.9±3.12 vs. 3.2±2.3 pmol/g, P<0.01). Plasma OLC decreased (0.087±0.018 vs. 0.21±0.04 nmol/L, P<0.02), and pituitary MLF did not change (0.05±0.01 vs. 0.07±0.02 pmol/g) after VEChloroform extracted urine from 5 volume-expanded male mongrel dogs was fractionated on reverse-phase HPLC columns in a linear gradient of 0–80% acetonitrile. The material cross-reacting with marinobufagenin antibody eluted from HPLC column as a single peak, d...
n-Channel modulation-doped field-effect transistors

Abstract We report the first fabrication of a GaSb n-channel modulation-doped field-effect transistor (MODFET) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The modulation-doped structure exhibits a room temperature Hall mobility of 3140 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 77 K value of 16000 cm2 V−1 s−1, with corresponding sheet carrier densities of 1.3 × 1012 cm−2 and 1.2 × 1012 cm−2. Devices with 1 μm gate length yield transconductances of 180 mS mm−1 and output of 5 mS mm−1 at 85 K. The device characteristics indicate that electron transport in the channel occurs primarily via the L-valley of GaSb above 85 K. The effective electron saturation velocity is estimated to be 0.9 × 107 cm s−1. Calculations show that a complementary circuit consisting of GaSb n- and p-channel MODFETs can provide at least two times improvement in performance over AlGaAs GaAs complementary circuits.
What accounts for the Chilean saving ‘miracle’?

This paper examines the recent saving performance of the Chilean economy in the light of its long-run (1940-96) trends. The first conclusion that can be derived from the data is that most of the increase in private saving since the mid-1980s is due to business saving. Household saving turns out to be a stationary variable with zero mean. Since business saving has a unit root, households do not seem to take the saving of firms into account when making their own saving decisions. Within the theoretical framework of a model of business investment with liquidity constraints, we estimate a VAR for business saving, private investment, public saving and foreign saving (the current account deficit). We are able to determine that business saving is unaffected by public saving, but that, in the long run, foreign saving and business saving are perfect substitutes. Private investment, business saving and foreign saving are jointly determined. The policy conclusions are that policies that stimulate investment are likely to lead to an increase in private saving, that policies aimed at raising household saving will be ineffective, and that increases in public saving are very powerful for increasing domestic saving in the long run. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.
Ultraviolet photometry from the orbiting astronomical observatory. XXXVIII. A second atlas of ultraviolet stellar spectra.

Ultraviolet stellar fluxes are presented in graphs and tables for 164 bright stars in the spectral region from 1200 to 3600 A. The spectra represent a subset of OAO 2 spectrometer data on file at the National Space Science Data Center. The monochromatic flux is given in units of erg per (sq cm-s-A) with a spectral resolution of about 22 A in the region from 3600 to 1850 A and of approximately 12 A in the region from 1850 to 1160 A.
Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates expression of interstitial collagenase and inhibitors of metalloproteinases in rat bone cells.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a bone cell mitogen that affects osteoblastic function by suppressing type I collagen synthesis. The investigators in this study examined whether bFGF also regulates interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in osteoblast-enriched cells isolated from 22-day fetal rat calvariae. After exposure to 600 pM bFGF, interstitial collagenase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, as determined by Northern hybridization analysis, increased after 2 h and were maximally stimulated to approximately 13-fold at 6 h. Exposure of osteoblast-enriched cells to 0.06-6 nM bFGF increased collagenase mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, and bFGF also increased immunoreactive collagenase measured in the culture medium by Western blot analysis. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, as well as two inhibitors of protein kinase C, staurosporine and sangivamycin, prevented the bFGF induction of collagenase transcripts, whereas indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostag...
Exploratory studies in polymer ablation, ignition and extinction by the moving wire technique

Abstract We present exploratory studies with the new moving wire technique. The principle of the method is to move the wire at a controlled speed through a stationary ignition source. Combustion is thus held fixed in laboratory coordinates, allowing unlimited observation time. Ignition and extinction are sharply reproducible transitions occurring at different residence times in the source (hysteresis). A variety of measurements are possible and a number of these are discussed in this paper. Temperature and O 2 profiles of the ignition source were taken to define the elements of the system. The characteristic residence times at ignition and extinction of three commercial polymer types (teflon, PVC and rubber) were measured as a function of the concentration of available O 2 . High-speed movies of the ignition process provided an estimate of the propagation speeds involved. The diameters of orifices which quenched ignition were also investigated. Electron micrographs gave a qualitative idea of the degradation of the solid phase. The techniques presented sould provide a more detailed understanding of polymer flammability.
The methylation of normorphine in rat brain and liver

Abstract We have demonstrated that the nor-derivatives of morphine and codeine are N-methylated in vitro by liver and brain tissue preparations using S-adenosyl-methionine as a methyl donor, and in vivo in brain with methionine-(C14-methyl). In the various hypotheses concerning the analgesic action of narcotic drugs, particularly those including the N-demethylation step, the possibility of the methylation of nor-derivatives in brain and liver should be considered in the light of our results.
Moving-horizon-like state estimation via continuous glucose monitor feedback in MPC of an artificial pancreas for type 1 diabetes

An extension of a novel state estimation scheme is presented. The proposed method is developed for model predictive control (MPC) of an artificial pancreas for automatic insulin delivery to people with type 1 diabetes mellitus; specifically, glycemia control based on feedback by a continuous glucose monitor. The state estimation strategy is akin to moving-horizon estimation, but effectively exploits knowledge of sensor recalibrations, ameliorates the effects of delays between measurements and the controller call, and accommodates irregularly sampled output measurements. The method performs a function fit and a sampling action to synthesize a mock output trajectory for constructing the state. In this paper the structure of the fitted function prototype is divorced from the structure of the function that is sampled, facilitating the strategic elimination of prediction artifacts that are not observed in the actual plant. The proposed estimation strategy is demonstrated using clinical data collected by a Dexcom G4 Platinum continuous glucose monitor.
Frequency stabilization and transverse mode discrimination in injection-seeded unstable resonator TEA CO2 lasers

Longitudinal mode selection by injection has been demonstrated as a viable technique for TEA-CO2 lasers with pulse energies of a Joule or greater. Once reliable generation of single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) pulses is obtained, the characteristics and the causes of intrapulse frequency variation can be studied. These include the effect of the decaying plasma, the thermal gradient due to the energy dissipation associated with the laser mechanism itself, and the pressure shift of the center frequency of the laser transition. The use of the positive-branch unstable resonator as an efficient means of coupling a discharge with large spatial dimensions to an optical cavity mode introduces another concern: namely, what can be done to emphasize transverse mode discrimination in an unstable resonator cavity while maintaining high coupling efficiency. These issues are discussed in this paper, and relevant experimental results are included.
Coordinate Control of Host Centrosome Position, Organelle Distribution, and Migratory Response by Toxoplasma gondii via Host mTORC2 *

The invasion of host cells by Toxoplasma gondii is accompanied by a reorganization of host cell structure, in which the host centrosome and Golgi apparatus are localized to the vacuole, and mitochondria, microtubules, and endolysosomes are recruited to the vacuole perimeter. The mechanism and functional significance of this process have not been well defined. Here, we report that the centrosome-vacuole association was abolished in mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-deficient cells, which also displayed a disordered distribution of perivacuolar host mitochondria and lysosomes. Infection of fibroblasts led to stable, mTORC2-dependent activation of Akt, and Akt inhibition mimicked the effect of mTORC2 ablation on centrosome, mitochondria, and lysosome localization. Mobilization of the centrosome by Akt inhibition was abrogated by inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), implying that the centrosome is constrained to the vacuole through an mTORC2-Akt-GSK3 pathway. Infected cells were incapable of migration in a wounded monolayer model, and this effect was associated with the inability of centrosomes to reorient in the direction of migration. Both migration and centrosome reorientation were fully restored upon ablation of mTORC2. These findings provide the first linkage of host signals to parasite-mediated host cell reorganization and demonstrate migratory suppression as a novel functional consequence of this process that is associated with mTORC2-mediated centrosome constraint.
The 700 °C tensile behavior of Mo-0.5Ti-0.08Zr-0.025C (TZM) extruded bar measured transverse and parallel to the billet extrusion axis

Abstract The 700 °C deformation and fracture behavior of tensile samples extracted from both hot-worked and recrystallized Mo-0.5Ti-0. 08Zr-0.025C (TZM) extrudate has been analyzed. The investigation considers the orientation dependence (longitudinal, transverse) of the tensile strain axis to the extrusion axis of the billet and how this dependence effects the strain to failure. The influence of the normal plastic anisotropy parameter, r, and its effect on ductility has been established. The strain-rate sensitivity of each temper has been estimated based on post-uniform elongation behavior. The study has revealed that limited ductility is observed in hot-worked samples tension tested transverse to the extrusion axis of the billet. The combined effects of multiple crack initiation sites, revealed by SEM fractography, and an r-value of 0.49 are thought responsible. The origin of the cracks and the role extrusion plays in deformation anisotropy are discussed. The nearly isotropic deformation behavior of the recrystallized alloy is also investigated.
Necrotizing tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia consistent with herpetic infection.

Abstract Herpetic tracheobronchitis and pneumonia, supposedly a rare infection, was recently reported as occurring in approximately 10 per cent of burn patients examined post mortem. In the present study 1000 consecutive autopsies performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed, and 10 cases morphologically consistent with herpetic infection of the lower respiratory tract were found, an incidence of 1 per cent. The diagnosis was made by observing the spectrum of nuclear changes characteristic of herpetic infection. Such changes were found in epithelial cells at the margins of tracheobronchial ulcerations, in mucous glands of involved airways, and at the periphery of necrotic foci in the lung. In many cases careful search was required in order to find the diagnostic cells. No case was diagnosed clinically and all but one had been overlooked at autopsy. The infection was a severely necrotizing process that caused extensive ulceration of the airways and destruction of lung parenchyma. In three patients herpetic bronchopneumonia may have been the primary cause of death. Trauma to the airway was a possible predisposing factor in each case. In eight cases the trauma was related to tracheal intubation; the other two cases were burn patients who may have sustained inhalation injury. It appears that herpetic infection of the lower respiratory tract, unassociated with disseminated herpes, is much more common than hitherto believed.
Motility of mice after amphetamine. Effects of strain, aggregation and illumination.

Abstract A locomotor activity study in 6 strains of male mice indicated that the BALB/c strain ranked lowest and the C57B1/6 strain ranked highest in locomotor excitation after treatment with d-amphetamine. A further study comparing only the BALB/c and C57B1/10 strains again showed a significant interaction of drug and strain effects. Additional significant determinants of motility were lighting and social condition during test (1 or 4 mice). Lighting (dark, dim and full light) also interacted significantly with drug, strain and grouping effects. Whereas the C56B1/10 mice showed higher levels of motility, the BALB/c showed the greater absolute increases in motility following amphetamine. The BALB/c strain also showed greater lethality under aggregated conditions (group of 10 mice) in the dose range used for activity studies.
Precision analog techniques: MOS vs bipolar

A need to combine analog and digital circuits on monolithic chips is stimulating the development of many new circuit techniques. Specialists in MOS, bipolar and mixed technologies will discuss methods for implementing precision analog functions and compare the results obtainable with the different technologies.
A STUDY OF THE NITROGEN METABOLISM AND OF ACIDOSIS AFTER THE TRANSPLANTATION OF A URETER INTO THE DUODENUM IN DOGS.

1. The present work was undertaken to study the metabolism in the dog after a ureter-intestinal transplantation. Four dogs, Nos. I, 2, 5, and 7, were originally operated upon. Two, Nos. 2 and 7, showed kidney infection; the other two were not infected, and in these the metabolism was studied; one of the latter (No. 1) showed marked hydronephrosis and hydroureter. 2. Both after the transplantation of the right ureter into the intestine and the ligation of the right ureter, there is generally a moderately increased output of nitrogen in the urine and, in the former instance especially, a retention of nitrogen in the blood, but no change in carbon dioxide content in the blood. The significance of this is probably an increased tissue catabolism, the cause of which is doubtful without further work. 3. After removal of the left kidney subsequent to transplantation of the right ureter into the duodenum, renal insufficiency and resulting retention developed. The non-protein and urea nitrogen in the blood steadily increased and the carbon dioxide content of the blood diminished to the level characteristic of a moderate acidosis. No ketones were found in the blood The dogs died 5 to 10 days after the nephrectomy under conditions characteristic of suspended renal activity—deep respiration, unconsciousness, and sopor.
The Depressive personaliTy DisorDer invenTory anD CurrenT Depressive sympToms: impliCaTions for The assessmenT of Depressive personaliTy

The Depressive Personality Disorder Inventory (DPDI; Huprich, Margrett, Barthelemy, & Fine, 1996; see Appendix) was created to assess Depressive Personality Disorder in clinical and nonclinical samples. Since its creation, the DPDI has been used in multiple studies, and the psychometric properties of the measure have generally supported its reliability, convergent validity, and construct validity; however, evidence for the measure's discriminant validity has been mixed. Specifically, the DPDI tends to correlate highly with measures of current depressive symptoms, which limits its efficacy in differentiating current depressive symptoms from a depressive personality structure. A principal components analysis of 362 individuals who completed both the DPDI and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) found that 49% of the variance was accounted for in two components. Seven items from the DPDI loaded more strongly on the first component composed of many BDI-II items. These items were removed in order to create a measure believed to assess DPD without the confounding influence of current depressive symptomology. Principal components analysis of the revised measure yielded three components, accounting for 46% of the variance. The revised DPDI was used to calculate convergent, discriminant, and construct validity coefficients from measures used in former studies. Virtually no improvement in the validity coefficients was observed. It is concluded that assessing DPD via self-report is limited in its utility.
Moral Cognition: Explaining the Gender Difference in Antisocial Behavior

Males' greater propensity for antisocial (i.e., externalizing) behavior has been well documented. Because males and females generally have evidenced negligible differences in moral judgment stage, we investigated whether the gender discrepancy in antisocial behavior might be attributable to gender differences in other moral cognitive variables, specifically, moral self-relevance and self-serving cognitive distortion. The sample included 88 male and 105 female college students aged 16 to 19 years. In multiple regression analyses, moral judgment and moral self-relevance correlated negatively, and self-serving cognitive distortion correlated positively with antisocial behavior. Path analysis revealed that mature moral judgment and higher moral self-relevance were associated with lower levels of self-serving cognitive distortion, which partially mediated the relationship between those variables and antisocial behavior. Relationships among the moral cognitive variables and antisocial behavior did not vary by gender. Although the genders did not differ in moral judgment stage, females evidenced greater moral self-relevance, less self-serving cognitive distortion, and less antisocial behavior. The implications of these findings for moral developmental theory and the treatment of antisocial behavior are discussed.
Variation in vigor, crude protein, and extract yields among individual common milkweed (asclepias syriaca L.) plants

Abstract Common milkweed is a potential source of raw materials for the chemical industry and of high-protein meal. Because variation among individual plants had not been studied in common milkweed, we obtained heights as well as leaf crude protein and extract yields of 64 plants selected at random from a genetically diverse common milkweed nursery at Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Ranges for height (cm) and dry, ash-free crude protein, polyphenols, oil and natural rubber content (%) were 48–141, 9·7–22·6, 1·5–20·4, 1·8–10·8, and 0·3–4·6, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between height and crude protein content ( r = −0·32 ∗ ), and between oil and natural rubber content ( r = −0·32 ∗ ). Polyphenol production appeared to be unrelated to the other variables.
Polyclonal hyperviscosity syndrome

The clinical course of two patients who presented with polyclonal hyperviscosity syndrome is described. Polymerizing IgG rheumatoid factors were isolated from the serum of both patients. The presence of these polymers with their extraordinary rheologic properties was the principal determinant of the abnormal rheological properties of the plasma. Neither patient had a discrete rheumatic disease. In both, a lymphoproliferative syndrome was present with features suggestive of the "pseudolymphoma" of Sjogren's syndrome.
Detection of donor-specific HLA antibodies before and after removal of a rejected kidney transplant.

article i nfo Article history: Serum analysis of patients considered for retransplantation has a potential limitation that the rejected allograft may absorb HLA antibodies. We have determined how the highly sensitive micro bead-based Luminex antibody-binding assay with single antigens can detect donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in patients before and after surgical removal of a rejected allograft. This analysis was done for 65 allograft nephrectomy (allonx) cases contributed by 16 laboratories worldwide. In the HLA-A,B and -DRB1 mismatch categories the incidence of DSA reactivity pre-allonx and post-allonx was 64% vs 87% (p=0.0033) and 57% vs 86% (p=0.001), respectively. The frequencies of individual reactive antigens were also lower before allonx: for HLA-A,B antigens: 49% vs 75% (p<0.0001) and DRB1 antigens: 48% vs 79% (p=0.0001). On the other hand, no significant differences were seen between the pre-allonx and post- allonx frequencies of DSA to DRB3/4/5 (65% vs 78%, p=0.22) and DQ mismatches (76% vs 87%, p=0.18). Conclusion: although thesensitive Luminex antibody assaycan detect anti-donor antibodies inthe presence of a rejected transplant, it is apparent that the antibody specificity pattern is often incomplete especially against the HLA-A, -B and DR mismatches. This understanding seems relevant to the determination of acceptable mismatches for patients considered for retransplantation.
Estimating the energy contour of noise-corrupted speech signals by autocorrelation extrapolation

In processing noise-corrupted speech signals to enhance their intelligibility using a feature-based processing system, it has been determined that an important feature is the energy contour of the speech. That is, to improve intelligibility it is important that the processed signal have an energy contour that matches as closely as possible that of the original uncorrupted speech signal. A method is proposed which explicitly extrapolates the autocorrelation of the noise-corrupted signal to lag zero in order to estimate the noise variance. This noise variance is subtracted from the noisy energy contour to produce an estimate of the original energy contour. This method is shown to outperform conventional methods of noise variance estimation during speech, particularly in the case of high noise levels. >
CODE: Chronic Opioid Documentation Evaluation

Objectives 1. Describe an algorithm for the use of opioids in chronic pain, including key components of initial and follow-up visits. 2. Describe the data supporting screening tools regarding opioid risks and teach learners how to complete them. 3. Practice key communication tasks relevant to chronic opioid therapy. Background.Aspatientswithall typesof life-threatening illnesses live longer, palliative care clinics are increasingly tasked with the management of chronic pain with opioids. Because this has traditionally been the domain of other specialties, hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) fellowships may not have the tools to effectively train their fellows in the proper use of opioids for chronic pain. Tomeet this need, chronic opioid documentation evaluation (CODE) was developed. CODE engages the learner by using chart review of their own patients to highlight knowledge gaps and facilitate instruction. After attending adidactic session, reviewing consensus guidelines, and completing an online module, the learner reviews their patient’s chart and attempts to complete several validated chronic pain tools such as the Brief Pain Inventory and the Opioid Risk Tool, noting any deficiencies in their documentation. The learner presents a plan of care based on this chart review to the faculty member who then uses informal role play to help the fellow with any difficult communication tasks they are likely to encounter based on their plan. Methods. CODE was initially designed for internal medicine residents but, based on requests from fellows, it was adapted for inclusion in our HPM fellowship. Its design is based on a search of the literature and recent consensus guidelines for the management of chronic pain. Results. Initial feedback has been extremely positive. Data from a ‘‘knowledge and attitudes’’ survey and an evaluation of the session from the initial three HPM fellows and approximately 20 medicine residents will be presented. Discussion. By using chart review of the learner’s own patients in conjunction with standardized chronic pain tools, CODE makes teaching points obvious and relevant. Collaborative development of a plan of care and informal role play makes the lessons instantly applicable. CODE can be easily adopted at other sites and can help reduce the discomfort trainees feel with these sometimes difficult encounters. Conclusion. CODE is an effective and engaging method for training HPM fellows in the appropriate use of opioids for chronic pain in the outpatient palliative care setting.
Elevational diversity gradients, biogeography and the structure of montane mammal communities in the intermountain region of north America

1 Distribution data were assembled for non-volant small mammals along elevational gradients on mountain ranges in the western U.S.A. Elevational distributions in the species-rich Uinta Mountains were compared to those on smaller mountain ranges with varying degrees of historical isolation from the Uintas. 2 For mountain ranges supporting the richest faunas, species richness is highest over a broad low- to mid-elevation zone and declines at both lower and higher elevations. Patterns on other mountain ranges are similar but reflect lower overall species richness. 3 A basic relationship between elevational and geographical distribution is apparent in the occurrence patterns of mammals on regional mountains. Faunas on mountains that have had low levels of historical isolation appear to be influenced by immigration rather than extinction. Species restricted to high elevations in the Uintas are poorly represented on historically isolated mountains and form a portion of local faunas shaped by extinction. Species occurring at lower elevations in the Uintas have better representation on isolated mountains and apparently maintain populations through immigration. 4 Several widespread species show substantial variation in maximum elevation records on different mountain ranges. This involves (1) an upward shift in habitat zones on small, isolated mountain ranges, allowing greater access by low-elevation species, and (2) expansion of certain low- and mid-elevation species into habitats normally occupied by absent high-elevation taxa. 5 Results indicate that montane mammal faunas of the intermountain region have been shaped by broad-scale historical processes, unique regional geography and local ecological dynamics. Parallel examples among mammals of the Philippine Islands suggest that such patterns may characterize many insular faunas.
Mass cytometry analysis shows that a novel memory phenotype B cell is expanded in multiple myeloma

It would be very beneficial if the status of cancers could be determined from a blood specimen. However, peripheral blood leukocytes are very heterogeneous between individuals, and thus high-resolution technologies are likely required. We used cytometry by time-of-flight and next-generation sequencing to ask whether a plasma cell cancer (multiple myeloma) and related precancerous states had any consistent effect on the peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotypes of patients. Analysis of peripheral blood samples from 13 cancer patients, 9 precancer patients, and 9 healthy individuals revealed significant differences in the frequencies of the T-cell, B-cell, and natural killer-cell compartments. Most strikingly, we identified a novel B-cell population that normally accounts for 4.0% ± 0.7% (mean ± SD) of total B cells and is up to 13-fold expanded in multiple myeloma patients with active disease. This population expressed markers previously associated with both memory (CD27(+)) and naive (CD24(lo)CD38(+)) phenotypes. Single-cell immunoglobulin gene sequencing showed polyclonality, indicating that these cells are not precursors to the myeloma, and somatic mutations, a characteristic of memory cells. SYK, ERK, and p38 phosphorylation responses, and the fact that most of these cells expressed isotypes other than IgM or IgD, confirmed the memory character of this population, defining it as a novel type of memory B cells.
Comparison of Fluorescence-to-Phosphorescence Quantum Yield Ratios in Solid-Matrix Luminescence as a Function of Temperature

An equation that relates the ratio of fluorescence to phosphorescence quantum yields as function of temperature to basic photophysical parameters is considered. The quantum yields were obtained from three compounds on three different solid matrices. Fluorescence quantum yields did not change much with temperature, while phosphorescence quantum yields changed more substantially with temperature. For some of the systems considered, it was possible to show that, as the temperature was lowered, the quantum yield ratio was only a function of the phosphorescence lifetime of the phosphor. However, with other systems, the quantum yield ratio was dependent on both the rate constant of intersystem crossing from the singlet state to the triplet state and the phosphorescence lifetime. The equation discussed is important in defining the fundamental parameters that cause the luminescence quantum yield ratio to change as temperature is lowered.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation of Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis

ObjectiveEndoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is an inviting, noninvasive option to manage pediatric subglottic stenosis that could preclude the need for tracheostomy and/or laryngeal-tracheal reconstruction (LTR). However, treatment outcomes and patient selection criteria are not well described.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases were systematically searched using multiple search terms.Review MethodsA systematic review of pediatric EBD was performed and then reported in compliance with PRISMA principles. Inclusion criteria consisted of a sample size of 5 or greater, pediatric patients, and primary EBD without adjuvant procedures. Meta-analysis was performed with random effects modeling and pooled data regression.ResultsAfter systematic database search and detailed review, 7 studies were included in the final data set with 150 total subjects. All studies were case series (level 4 evidence). The mean sample size was 20 subjects (range, 5-44), and the grand mean age was 2.2 years (range, 2....
Induction of the Drosophila heat shock response in isolated polytene nuclei

Abstract When Drosophila salivary glands are disrupted in cytoplasm from heat-shocked Drosophila Kc cells in culture, puffs are induced in the polytene nuclei at the heat shock loci. The in vitro response increases with time of incubation, reaching in vivo levels after 2 hr, and is sensitive to α-amanitin. Cytoplasm from control Kc cells induces poorly, but prolonged exposure to air or the addition of hydrogen peroxide stimulates induction to the levels observed with cytoplasm from heat-shocked Kc cells. Autoradiography confirms that the heat shock loci induced to puff in vitro are the most actively transcribing sites in the genome.
Observations on thecate swarmers of Pyrocystis species in laboratory culture: Pyrocystis fusiformis Wyville Thomson ex Murray and Pyrocystis pseudonoctiluca Wyville Thomson ex Murray (Dinococcales)

Abstract Thecate swarmers of Pyrocystis fusiformis and P. pseudonoctiluca have been observed in laboratory cultures. At the time when inspections were made, during daylight hours, thecal development appeared to have been essentially complete. Release from the enclosing wall of the parent cell occurred in the early evening. The free-swimming phase was of short duration and was succeeded by ecdysis and rapid development of the extruded protoplast into the bladder-like vegetative form. A complete tabulation is presented here for P. fusiformis. Details of the thecal structure of this organism serve to clarify discrepancies in the literature concerning the armoured stages of both species. While the presence of thecate states remains a rare and, at present, unpredictable occurrence in the cultures of P. fusiformis and P. pseudonoctiluca maintained in this laboratory, their role in asexual reproduction appears to be similar to that of the more commonly observed athecate aplanospores.