cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
770-2 Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis is Associated with Enhanced Vascular Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression

We have previously described a model of cardiac myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis in Lewis rats. This autoimmune myocarditis is associated with significant myocardial lymphocytic (CD4+) infiltration and left ventricular dysfunction developing 21 days after initial immunization with myosin. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in cell recognition processes such as leukocyte activation and leukocyteendothelial interactions. The role of ICAM-1 in myocarditis is unknown. To determine the relationship of ICAM-1 expression to the development and severity of autoimmune myocarditis, 10 Lewis rats underwent immunization with 1 mg myosin in Complete Freund's Adjuvant on days 1 and 8. As controls, 10 Lewis rats were immunized with Bovine Serum Albumin in Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Control and autoimmune myocarditis rats were sacrificed on days 0, 8, 14, 21 or 28, hearts were removed, frozen, and analyzed by conventional staining with hematoxylin and eosin for histologic grading of the myocarditis and immunohistochemical staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies against rat ICAM-1 and the leukocyte-bound ICAM-1 ligands LFA-α, LFA-β and VLA-4. Specimens were scored in a blinded fashion as 0 (no staining), 1 (mild staining), 2 (moderate staining) or 3 (strong staining) on vascular endothelium and myocardium. Rats immunized with myosin had ICAM-1 expression compared to controls of 1.0 vs. 1.0 on day 8 but 3.0 vs. 1.0 on days 14, 21 and 28. Enhanced expression of LFA-α and LFA-β was noted on days 21 and 28 but not day 14 in rats with myocarditis vs. control rats. No difference in VLA-4 expression was noted in myocarditis rats vs. controls. We conclude that autoimmune myocarditis in rats is associated with significant upregulation of ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells which pvecedes the development of significant myocardial leUkocytic infiltration. LFA-α and LFA-β expression was enhanced at the time of leukocytic infiltration. The upregulation of ICAM-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of myocarditis.
Mass spectrometry analysis of proteome-wide proteolytic post-translational degradation of proteins

Protein proteolytic degradation is an essential component to proper cell function and its life cycle. Here, we study the protein degradation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells on a proteome-wide scale by detection of the intermediate peptides produced from the intracellular degradation of proteins using sequencing-based tandem mass spectrometry. By tracing the detected ∼1100 peptides and their ∼200 protein−substrate origins we obtain evidence for new insights into the proteome-wide protein-selective degradation in yeast cells. This evidence shows that the yeast cytoplasm is the largest pool for the degradation of proteins with both biochemical and geometric specificities, whereas the yeast nucleus seems to be a proteolysis-inert organelle under the condition studied. Yeast V-ATPase subunits appear to be degraded during their disassembly, and yeast mitochondrial proteins functioning as precursors, transport carriers, and gates are preferentially degraded. Ubiquitylation may be unnecessary for the prot...
A note on locally connected and hamiltonian-connected graphs

A graphG is locallyn-connected,n≧1, if the subgraph induced by the neighborhood of each vertex isn-connected. It is shown that every connected, locally 3-connected graph containing no induced subgraph isomorphic toK(1, 3) is hamiltonian-connected.
Supported liquid-phase catalysis. III: Experimental evaluation of the diffusion-reaction model

Abstract The theoretical model for transport and reaction in supported liquid-phase catalysis (SLPC) proposed in Part I (R. Datta and R. G. Rinker, J. Catal. 95 , 181, 1985) was tested experimentally using two different homogeneously catalyzed model reactions. The hydrogenation of ethylene catalyzed by a RhCl(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 solution and the isomerization of quadricyclene catalyzed by a Co(III)TPPCl solution were used to study the behavior of SLPC at low and high solubility, respectively. The experimental results were found to be in good quantitative agreement with the theoretical model for both cases.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 promotes neutrophil migration and alveolar capillary leakage in pancreatitis-associated lung injury in the rat.

Abstract Background & Aims: In pancreatitis-associated lung injury, neutrophils (PMN) access the lung by migration through endothelial basement membranes. We hypothesize that degeneration of the basement membrane by specific PMN-produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may facilitate this process. Methods: Mild or severe pancreatitis was induced in rats and the consequent pulmonary injury characterized. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in supernatant of PMN cultures and homogenates of lungs were assessed by zymography and Western blot. Congruence of PMN and MMP expression in lung tissue was evaluated by neutrophil depletion and fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC). The contribution of MMPs to PMN transmigration and lung injury was tested with the MMP inhibitor batimastat (BB-94) in vitro (PMN transmigration across matrigel chambers) and in vivo (myeloperoxidase activity and Evans blue in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid). Results: MMP-9 was highly expressed in lungs and supernatant of neutrophil cultures in severe pancreatitis, and, to a lesser degree, in mild pancreatitis. Lung IHC showed colocalization of MMP-9 and PMN. PMN depletion simultaneously reduced neutrophil infiltration and MMP-9 levels in lung tissue. Trypsin, interleukin 1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α all potently stimulated MMP-9 release from PMN. BB-94 significantly reduced TNF-α–induced PMN transmigration across matrigel and ameliorated transendothelial PMN migration and protein leak in severe pancreatitis. Conclusions: MMP-9 secretion by PMN can be stimulated by trypsin and proinflammatory cytokines and increases in pancreatitis in proportion to its severity. MMP inhibition reduces PMN transmigration and reduces resultant alveolar-capillary leakage. These findings suggest an important role for MMP-9 from PMN in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis-associated lung injury. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2002;122:188-201
Undermined: The implications of mineral export dependence for state formation in Africa

(1986). Undermined: The implications of mineral export dependence for state formation in Africa. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 916-952.
Evaluation of SIP proxy server performance: Packet-level measurements and queuing model

The growing number of applications that use the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to manage media sessions over IP is placing increasing demands on the SIP proxy servers (SPS) that make up the core of the SIP network. In this work we investigate the performance of OpenSIPS, an open source SPS. We have collected a large set of experimental data to characterize the performance of the SPS under various call arrival rates and inter-arrival time distributions. Based on these measurements, we model the SPS as an M/G/1 queue. A key component of the model is a parameter that captures the cache-miss overhead, i.e., the impact of cache-misses on kernel service times.
Regeneration of junctional epithelium and its innervation in adult rats: a study using immunocytochemistry for p75 nerve growth factor receptor and calcitonin gene‐related peptide

Junctional epithelium (JE) is a rapidly proliferating tissue that connects the gum to the tooth, that provides a free surface for bidirectional movement of substances between the body and the oral cavity, and that participates in defense against bacterial infection. It is innervated by numerous sensory nerve fibers that are immunoreactive (IR) for neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and for low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75-NGFR). Basal epithelial cells of the JE and of adjacent sulcular epithelium also have intense p75-NGFR-IR. In the present study we removed a wedge of the free gingiva and JE from the anterior side of the maxillary first molar of adult rats, and then studied the return of nerve fibers during tissue regeneration from 1-63 days after gingivectomy. The nerve fibers entered the adjacent healing sulcular epithelium before innervating the new JE, in both cases prior to return of epithelial cell p75-NGFR-IR. The regenerating nerve fibers completely bypassed the zone of epithelial down-growth (long junctional epithelium, LJE) that was briefly present along the tooth from 1-3 weeks after injury. The LJE did not have p75-NGFR-IR and was gradually replaced by a modified thicker regenerated junctional epithelium (RJE). The RJE was attached along the injured root surface, had numerous nerves in basal layers, and it had begun to regain p75-NGFR-IR staining of basal epithelial cells by 22 d. Regenerating nerve fibers at 6-10 d had unusually weak CGRP-IR and greatly increased p75-NGFR-IR. Both nerve stains had returned to normal by 3-6 weeks. The intense p75-NGFR-IR of regenerating nerves was found on both axonal and Schwann cell membranes using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In both the normal and regenerating JE, nerve fibers were rare in the attachment layers next to the anterior side of the maxillary first molar, compared to well-innervated basal layers. The complete avoidance of LJE by regenerating nerve fibers and its lack of p75-NGFR-IR suggest that its functions do not require innervation and that it does not make neurotrophic growth factors.
Optical studies of distyrylbenzene single crystals

Abstract The optical properties of high quality single crystals of distyrylbenzene (DSB) have been studied. At room temperature the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum is quite broad with quantum yield of 65%. At low temperature the PL spectrum shows many narrow vibrational side bands with QE of 68%, where the 0–0 band shows different polarization properties from the other phonon bands. We used the Spano ‘pinwheel’ model of strong vibration–exciton coupling in herringbone lattice to explain the appearance of the ‘forbidden’ 0–0 transition at low temperature and its unusual polarization properties. This model also predicts a strong temperature dependence for the 0–0 band relative to the 0– n transitions, as verified experimentally.
Analysis and stability of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus antigen in a T3 generation of transgenic tomato plants

The integration, expression, and stability of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-F protein was analyzed in a T3 generation of transgenic cherry tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Swifty Belle, plants. Expression of the RSV-F antigen, under the control of the fruit-specific promoter E-8, was investigated in T3 plants derived from a transgenic line, identified as #120. Transgene integration of the RSV-F gene in the T3 generation was initially determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR analysis from line 120-7-2 revealed that all T3 plants were homozygous for the transgene; whereas, line 120-6-4 showed segregation for the transgene. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify levels of RSV-F protein in these plants, and protein levels ranged from 0–22 μg/g of fresh weight, with an average of ~3 μg/g fresh weight. Southern blot analysis of the highest expressing plants revealed presence of a single copy of the RSV-F transgene in these plants.
The 12-lead electrocardiogram of “healthy” ambulatory subjects with positive lyme immunoserology

Abstract First described as a distinct clinical entity by Steere et al 1 in 1977, Lyme disease is now known to result from human infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi , an organism predominantly transmitted by Ixodes ticks. 2 Serologic testing for the presence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi , although imperfect, remains the single best, widely available, laboratory method to demonstrate exposure to the offending organism. 3 The most frequently reported cardiac manifestation of early (stage II) Lyme disease consists of variable degrees of atrioventricular block, including complete heart block. These conduction abnormalities have been documented by 12-lead electrocardiography and invasive electrophysiologic testing. 4,5 Despite advances in characterizing the acute expressions of this spirochetal infection in patients with definite disease, little has been learned regarding the significance of previous subclinical infection, specifically a “positive” Lyme test in an untreated asymptomatic person in an endemic area, with no history of clinically apparent Lyme disease. The aim of this study was to identify any electrocardiographic abnormalities that may be attributable to exposure to the Lyme spirochete in “healthy” seropositive subjects in a Lyme disease endemic area.
Numerical Simulation of Interaction of a Supersonic Flow over a Re-entry Vehicle with a Counterflowing Jet

 turbulence model is employed to simulate turbulence effects. The near-wall mesh is fine enough to resolve the viscosity-affected near-wall region all the way to the laminar sublayer. A solution-based adaptive mesh refinement is applied to increase resolution across the shocks, and to provide a case matrix for a grid independence study. Numerical results show excellent agreement in the details of the calculated flowfield, including shock structures and shock stand-off distance, with Schlieren experimental data. Performance of the densitybased and pressure-based coupled solvers is compared.
Large-scale and automated DNA sequence determination

DNA sequence analysis is a multistage process that includes the preparation of DNA, its fragmentation and base analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information. New technological advances have led to the automation of certain steps in this process and have raised the possibility of large-scale DNA sequencing efforts in the near future [for example, 1 million base pairs (Mb) per year]. New sequencing methodologies, fully automated instrumentation, and improvements in sequencing-related computational resources may render genome-size sequencing projects (100 Mb or larger) feasible during the next 5 to 10 years.
A Differential Equation Model of Collagen Accumulation in a Healing Wound

Wound healing is a complex biological process which involves many cell types and biochemical signals and which progresses through multiple, overlapping phases. In this manuscript, we develop a model of collagen accumulation as a marker of wound healing. The mathematical model is a system of ordinary differential equations which tracks fibroblasts, collagen, inflammation and pathogens. The model was validated by comparison to the normal time course of wound healing where appropriate activity for the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases was recorded. Further validation was made by comparison to collagen accumulation experiments by Madden and Peacock (Ann. Surg. 174(3):511–520, 1971). The model was then used to investigate the impact of local oxygen levels on wound healing. Finally, we present a comparison of two wound healing therapies, antibiotics and increased fibroblast proliferation. This model is a step in developing a comprehensive model of wound healing which can be used to develop and test new therapeutic treatments.
Efficacy and Safety of Targeted Focal Ablation Versus PV Isolation Assisted by Magnetic Electroanatomic Mapping

Introduction: Pulmonary vein (PV) triggers initiate atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of focal PV ablation versus targeted PV electrical isolation aided by multipolar catheter recordings in the coronary sinus (CS) and right atrium and magnetic electroanatomic mapping (MEAM) for drug-refractory AF. Methods and Results: Multipolar recordings identified PVs with triggers based on PV ostial pace map match for spontaneous and provoked triggers. PV triggers were provoked by isoproterenol, adenosine, and AF induction followed by cardioversion. MEAM defined PV ostial anatomy and assisted in localization of AF trigger and ablation lesions. All focal PV ablation procedures preceded PV isolation procedures at our institution. To limit a learning curve effect and validate the comparison, the results included outcome of procedures by a single experienced operator in the last 32 consecutive patients undergoing focal PV ablation and in 75 consecutive patients undergoing PV isolation. Patient characteristics were similar with respect to mean age (50 vs 52 years), mean left atrial size (4.3 vs 4.2 cm), presence of paroxysmal AF (84% vs 88%), and demonstration of non-PV triggers (16% in both groups). PV isolation was confirmed in 99% of PVs by multipolar circular catheter. MEAM confirmed noncircumferential ostial ablation in 69% of PVs. Patients undergoing PV isolation had less AF from PV triggers at the end of ablation (1% vs 16%,P < 0.01); had less AF at 2 months (17% vs 42%,P < 0.001); and had 1-year freedom from AF of 80% versus 45%(P < 0.001). Adverse events were low in both groups with no stroke or symptomatic PV stenosis. Conclusion: Using the described techniques, PV electrical isolation of PVs demonstrating spontaneous and/or provoked triggers is superior to focal PV ablation, with marked differences in outcome by 2 months. MEAM confirmed the noncircumferential nature of ostial ablation for effective isolation of most PVs and may play a role in the low risk and good outcome observed. The good outcome of targeted PV isolation as described suggests the need for a prospective comparison of targeted versus empiric PV isolation techniques.(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 358-365, April 2003)
The relationship between Theory X/Y: assumptions and communication apprehension

Purpose – This study seeks to explore whether McGregor's Theory X/Y assumptions are related to managers’ communication apprehension (CA) – their degree of comfort when interacting with others.Design/methodology/approach – Surveys measuring Theory X/Y assumptions and CA were administered to 281 full‐time managers from divergent industries across the USA. Hypotheses were tested using correlations.Findings – Moderate scores on the Theory X scale were positively correlated with traitlike CA and CA in interpersonal contexts. Managers’ total and high scores on the Theory Y scale were negatively correlated with traitlike CA and CA in groups, interpersonal conversations, and meetings. Moderate scores on the Theory Y scale were positively correlated with CA in groups. Low scores on the Theory Y scale were positively correlated with traitlike CA and CA in interpersonal and public speaking settings.Originality/value – This study extends the broad landscape of literature on management communication. Findings deepen o...
Network-Centric Quantum Communications

Network-centric quantum communications (NQC) - a new, scalable instantiation of quantum cryptography providing key management with forward security for lightweight encryption, authentication and digital signatures in optical networks - is briefly described.
Search for excited states of 3He

Abstract We have searched for virtual excited states of 3 He by inelastic electron scattering at E = 200 MeV and θ = 60°. No evidence for narrow states excited with cross section greater than 3 × 10 −33 cm 2 /sr has been found for excitation energies up to 17 MeV.
Crack Bridging Processes in Toughened Ceramics

The fracture toughness of ceramics can be improved by the incorporation of a variety of brittle, discontinuous reinforcing phases. Observations of crack paths in these systems indicate that these reinforcing phases bridge the crack in the region behind the crack tip. Recent developments in toughening models based on crack bridging processes in such systems are discussed and compared to the experimentally observed toughening responses with second-phase whisker and self- (matrix grain) reinforcement. The bridging model then can be used to optimize the toughening effects based modification of the pertinent material characteristics (e.g., microstructure and physical properties).
Robust Adaptive Predictive Control of Nonlinear Processes Using Nonlinear Moving Average System Models

An adaptive predictive control algorithm is presented for nonlinear moving average systems with parametric uncertainty. The algorithm is developed in the stochastic optimal control framework in which the parameters are modeled as random processes and their probability distributions are recursively updated and used explicitly in the optimal control computation. The framework yields an open-loop optimal feedback control (OLOFC) algorithm in which open-loop optimal input trajectories minimizing the expectation of a multistep quadratic loss function are computed repeatedly as feedback updates occur. The algorithm is shown to be robust with respect to parametric uncertainty, with features such as on-line parameter refinement (and/or adaptation) and “cautious control”. Some potential additions to incorporate an active-learning feature to an otherwise passive-learning OLOFC are considered. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the merits of the proposed method.
Energy spectrum of the photoneutrons from gold

Abstract The energy spectrum of the neutrons produced at 90° to a gold target bombarded with 55 MeV bremsstrahlung has been measured. Nuclear emulsions were used to detect the photoneutrons. The spectrum shows two peaks. The large peak at 1.25 MeV can be interpreted as due to the statistical decay of the compound nucleus. The smaller peak at about 5.5 MeV is assummed to come from a “direct” transition, as described by the Wilkinson model. In the appendix a new method is presented for the calculation of the corrections involved for those proton recoils which leave the emulsion.
Association of MET with social and communication phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed by impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavioral flexibility. Autism is highly heritable, but it is not known whether a genetic risk factor contributes to all three core domains of the disorder or autism results from the confluence of multiple genetic risk factors for each domain. We and others reported previously association of variants in the gene encoding the MET receptor tyrosine kinase in five independent samples. We further described enriched association of the MET promoter variant rs1858830 C allele in families with co-occurring autism and gastrointestinal conditions. To test the contribution of this functional MET promoter variant to the domains of autism, we analyzed its association with quantitative scores derived from three instruments used to diagnose and describe autism phenotypes: the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and both the parent and the teacher report forms of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). In 748 individuals from 367 families, the transmission of the MET C allele from parent to child was consistently associated with both social and communication phenotypes of autism. Stratification by gastrointestinal conditions revealed a similar pattern of association with both social and communication phenotypes in 242 individuals with autism from 118 families with co-occurring gastrointestinal conditions, but a lack of association with any domain in 181 individuals from 96 families with ASD and no co-occurring gastrointestinal condition. These data indicate that the MET C allele influences at least two of the three domains of the autism triad.
Activation of p21-activated Kinase 6 by MAP Kinase Kinase 6 and p38 MAP Kinase

The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) contain an N-terminal Cdc42/Rac interactive binding domain, which in the group 1 PAKs (PAK1, 2, and 3) regulates the activity of an adjacent conserved autoinhibitory domain. In contrast, the group 2 PAKs (PAK4, 5, and 6) lack this autoinhibitory domain and are not activated by Cdc42/Rac binding, and the mechanisms that regulate their kinase activity have been unclear. This study found that basal PAK6 kinase activity was repressed by a p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase antagonist and could be strongly stimulated by constitutively active MAP kinase kinase 6 (MKK6), an upstream activator of p38 MAP kinases. Mutation of a consensus p38 MAP kinase target site at serine 165 decreased PAK6 kinase activity. Moreover, PAK6 was directly activated by MKK6, and mutation of tyrosine 566 in a consensus MKK6 site (threonine-proline-tyrosine, TPY) in the activation loop of the PAK6 kinase domain prevented activation by MKK6. PAK6 activation by MKK6 was also blocked by mutation of an autophosphorylated serine (serine 560) in the PAK6 activation loop, indicating that phosphorylation of this site is necessary for MKK6-mediated activation. PAK4 and PAK5 were similarly activated by MKK6, consistent with a conserved TPY motif in their activation domains. The activation of PAK6 by both p38 MAP kinase and MKK6 suggests that PAK6 plays a role in the cellular response to stress-related signals.
Using a multi‐dimensional satellite rainfall error model to characterize uncertainty in soil moisture fields simulated by an offline land surface model

[1] In this study, we investigate the significance of using an improved error modeling strategy to characterize the spatio-temporal characteristics of uncertainty in simulation of soil moisture fields from an off-line land surface model forced with satellite rainfall data. We coupled a Two-Dimensional Satellite Rainfall Error Model (SREM2D) with the Common Land Model to propagate ensembles of simulated satellite rain fields for the prediction of soil moisture at depths of 5 cm (near surface) and 50 cm (root zone). Our investigations revealed that multi-dimensional error modeling captures the spatio-temporal characteristics of soil moisture uncertainty with higher consistency than simpler bi-dimensional error modeling strategies. The proposed error modeling strategy appears to have the potential for delineating a more robust framework for the optimal integration of satellite rainfall data into models towards the study of global water and energy cycle.
US Manufacturing in the Early 1990s: the Chase and Challenge

This article, based on a chapter in a forthcoming book, starts by outlining the strengths and weaknesses of US manufacturing processes by comparison with the international competition. It then goes on to discuss the lessons which emerging theory and practice can offer managers in their efforts to improve competitiveness.
Relative Experimental Cross Sections for Excitation of Ba + Ions by Electron Impact (8.0-98 eV)

A crossed beam technique has been developed for measuring the emission cross section for the excitation of electric dipole transitions in ions by electron impact. The experimental method involves crossing modulated ion and electron beams in a well-defined collision volume. A portion of the photon flux radiated from the excited ions is detected at an angle of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to the plane of the two beams by direct observation of the collision volume with a photomultiplier tube. The selection of a single emission line is accomplished with an interference filter. The total flux of radiation from the collision volume for a particular transition can be determined with a knowledge of the photon detection probability of the apparatus. The possibility of an anisotropic angular distribution of radiation from the collision volume is evaluated by measuring the polarization fraction. The emission cross section can be determined from the ion and electron beam currents, current density distributions and energies, and the total radiation flux.This technique has been used to measure the relative emission cross sections for excitation of the resonance transitions in ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ ions by electron impact. The resonance transitions, between the excited $6^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}^{ \ensuremath{\circ}}$ and $6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}^{ \ensuremath{\circ}}$ levels and the $6^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ground state, produce photons with wavelengths of 4934 and 4554 \AA{}. The thresholds for exciting the $6^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}^{ \ensuremath{\circ}}$ and $6^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}^{ \ensuremath{\circ}}$ levels are 2.5 and 2.7 eV, respectively. Over the energy range of the experiment, from 8 to 98 eV, the relative cross sections differ by approximately a factor of two, the ratio of the statistical weights of the $6P$ levels. The relative data also exhibit the high energy dependence predicted by the Bethe-Born approximation. From a best estimate of the photon detection probability of the apparatus, estimated absolute cross sections are obtained which agree remarkably well in magnitude and shape with the theoretical predictions. Checks on the data were performed to evaluate the possible effects of such parameters as the beam intensities, beam modulation frequency, ion beam composition, ion beam energy, electron beam energy distribution, beam profiles, and signal-to-noise ratio.
THE DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY INDUCED BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES

The "delayed hypersensitive" reactivity induced by antigen-antibody complexes has been studied from the standpoints of the role of such complexes in establishing this state, and the relationship of this state to classical delayed hypersensitivity. It has been shown that the reactivity established by antigen-antibody complexes appears early after injection, disappears within a few days, and is characterized by several properties which make it appear similar to true delayed hypersensitivity, including its appearance, its relative persistence for 48 hours, and its occurrence in the absence of antibodies. By the same tokens, it may be distinguished from hypersensitive reactions of the immediate type. It is referred to here as reactivity of the Jones-Mote type. Antigen alone stimulates exactly the same kind of early reactive state, but with larger doses of antigen this is later replaced by other immunologic responses including circulating antibodies and Arthus reactivity. If sufficiently small doses of antigen are employed, however, the "monophasic" reaction which follows antigen-antibody complexes consisting of the Jones-Mote type of skin responsiveness may be seen. The dermal reactivity under discussion is unlike classical delayed hypersensitivity chiefly in its evanescent character; it is present only during a few days early after antigen administration. It is suggested that this kind of reactivity, which may perhaps require a category of its own, may be related to the "tissue immunity" to tumor transplants which has been observed in mice.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Highly-ordered Titania Nanotube-arrays

We report on non-particulate titania photoelectrodes with a unique highly-ordered nanotube-array architecture prepared by an anodization process that enables precise control over array dimensions. Under 320–400 nm illumination titania nanotube-array photoanodes, pore size 110 nm, wall thickness 20 nm, and 6 μm length, generate hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis at a normalized rate of 80 mL/W·hr, to date the most efficient titania-based photoelectrochemical device, with a conversion efficiency of 12.25%. The highly-ordered nanotubular architecture allows for superior charge separation and charge transport, with a calculated quantum efficiency of nearly 100% for incident photons with energies larger than the titania bandgap.
How many orbiting lasers for boost-phase intercept?

A constellation of laser battle stations in low Earth orbit could intercept intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in their boost phase. If such lasers are available decades hence, they will face fast-burn ICBMs and find their task more difficult. How difficult is shown by an elementary analysis taking into account laser retarget time.
Microwave spectrum and structure of trimethylphosphine selenide

Abstract The microwave spectra of (CH 3 ) 3 P 82 Se, (CH 3 ) 3 P 80 Se, (CH 3 ) 3 P 78 Se and (CH 3 ) 3 P 76 Se from 26.5 to 39.0 GHz have been measured at ambient temperature and the observed transitions have been assigned for the ground vibrational states for each isotope. With an assumed carbon—hydrogen distance of 1.090 A the following r 0 structural parameters have been determined: r (PSe) = 2.091 ± 0.017 A; r (PC) = 1.817 ± 0.006 A; ∠CPSe = 113.8 ± 0.9°; and ∠HCP = 110.1±1.9°. The bond length for the PSe bond lies close to the value expected for a double bond and it is in agreement with the previously reported value for this bond from an electron diffraction study. Ab initio calculations with the STO-3G* basis set have been carried out and compared with the experimental values.
Characterization of polyamine transport in rat aortic smooth muscle cells

Increased arterial wall polyamine content has been linked to intimal hyperplasia (IH) formation. Intracellular polyamine content may be regulated by a polyamine transmembrane transport mechanism, but the existence of such a system has not been demonstrated in systemic arterial smooth muscle cells. This study characterizes polyamine transport as found in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rat aortas. Polyamine transport was determined by adding [14C]polyamines to the medium, calculating transport kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km. Competition studies with unlabeled polyamines and uptake in the presence of paraquat, a polyamine transport inhibitor, were done to test the specificity of the uptake system. We identified polyamine transporters in aortic smooth muscle cells which were temperature, concentration, and time dependent. Kinetic studies revealed that spermidine and spermine had greater affinity for the transporter(s) than putrescine (Km 0.3, 0.3, and 3.7 μM respectively; P = 0.0001) while maximum uptake velocity was similar for all polyamines (26.6-31.0 pmole/mg protein/min). Inhibition of de novo polyamine synthesis upregulated polyamine transport 2.8-3.8 times (P = 0.0001) while transporter affinity (as reflected by Km ) remained unchanged. Competition studies and paraquat treatment indicated the presence of two polyamine transporters: one shared by all polyamines, the other specific for spermine and spermidine. These data indicate that transmembrane polyamine transport occurs in arterial smooth muscle cells. Upregulation of this system may represent one control mechanism for IH development.
Digital CMOS active pixel image sensor for multimedia applications

Two charge-scaling successive approximation A/D converters for on-focal-plane column-parallel data processing in CMOS active pixel image sensors (APS) are presented. The converters are designed in a thin but long fashion to fit a pitch size of 40 micrometers for 2.0 micrometers technology and 24 micrometers for 1.2 micrometers technology. Designed for multimedia and other commercial and industrial applications, each in column A/D converter achieves a 8 bit resolution and accuracy with a signal swing of 1 V. Maximum conversion rate exceeding 200 kHz enables high speed digital readout beyond 200 frames/sec for large format 1 K X 1 K CMOS image sensors. A prototype device of 64 X 64 APS image array with 8 bit digital output was demonstrated up to 1 kHz frame rate, and with column-wise non-uniformity less than 2 LSBs.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiple pathways to hypnotic susceptibility: a new scheme for predicting the depth of hypnosis.

Abstract Previous research attempting to relate personality variables to hypnotic susceptibility has been inconclusive. It is suggested that this may be due to the single factor, linear prediction model typically used. This research examines the role of multiple factors in predicting trance depth, with particular importance placed on the relative salience of each factor within the overall personality structure. Two factors are isolated here: The quality of interpersonal relationships, and of cognitive activity. The results support the contention that there are multiple paths to hypnotic susceptibility, and that dominant personality patterns must be isolated.
Is "Superassertible" a Truth Predicate?

Critique de la notion de super-assertibilite developpee par C. Wright dans le cadre de sa conception minimaliste et pluraliste de la verite. Examinant les concepts d'assertible garanti et d'assertible idealement garanti presentes par Wright comme candidats aux predicats de verite, rejetant l'equivalence de Putnam et l'exigence de completude, l'A. montre que la notion de super-assertibilite ne satisfait pas les conditions du scheme disquotationnel et de son analogue propositionnel rejetes dans le cas de l'assertible idealement garanti
Individual differences in need for cognition and decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task

Differences in decision making between individuals differing in Need for Cognition (NFC) are examined using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Previous work using normative one time decisions suggests that individual low in NFC process gains and losses differently than those high in NFC and are more susceptible to decision biases. The IGT is a popular laboratory task that involves making risky decisions from experience involving both gains and losses. In the first experiment, low NFC participants performed significantly worse than the high NFC participants. A second experiment designed to examine the nature of these differences provides evidence that low NFC participants place more importance on gains as opposed to losses when performing the IGT. Results are discussed in light of previous work suggesting that low NFC participants place more importance on losses in mixed outcome decisions.
Umbilicated erythematous papules in an immunocompromised patient.

A 53-year-old woman, with no notable medical history, presented with a non-pruritic rash after several months of weakness and low-grade fevers, 27 kg weight loss, and non-bloody productive cough. The rash was asymptomatic and had been present for 1 month on her legs and had spread to her chest and neck before presentation. Physical examination identifi ed multiple erythematous 2–3 mm well demarcated, non-tender, umbilicated papules on her upper chest, anterior neck, and anterior lower legs bilaterally (fi gure A). An HIV antibody test was positive and a CD4 cell count of 18 cells per μL was recorded. Skin biopsy results showed lobular capillary proliferation and primarily neutrophilic infl ammatory infi ltrate with Gram-negative rods within the cytoplasm of rare endothelial cells, consistent with bacillary angiomatosis (fi gure B). The patient’s lesions improved with 4 months of treatment with azithromycin 600 mg daily, combined with ethambutol 400 mg twice daily for coexisting Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. For treatment of HIV, she began daily therapy with ritonavir 100 mg, atazanavir 300 mg, tenofovir 300 mg, and emtricitabine 200 mg. However, her CD4 cell count remained at fewer than 20 cells per μL and she died of respiratory failure, secondary to sepsis, 4 months after initial presentation. Bacillary angiomatosis is due to infection with Bartonella henselae or Bartonella quintana and is most often seen in immunocompromised individuals. It is typically seen in patients with AIDS with a CD4 cell count fewer than 100 cells per μL, but has also been reported in patients who have had transplant and those undergoing chemotherapy. It can occur as a single lesion or as multiple lesions. Bacillary angiomatosis usually presents as reddish-purple nodules or plaques and can often resemble Kaposi’s sarcoma. Bleeding and ulceration can occur. Diagnosis is typically made by histopathology; therefore, it is important to diff erentiate this disorder from other umbilicated lesions associated with immunosuppression, such as cryptococcosis or molluscum contagiosum. Patients can be treated with either macrolide or tetracycline antibiotics; however, a treatment duration of less than 3 months is associated with relapse.
Restorative justice in a prison community or everything I didn’t learn in Kindergarten I learned in prison

Restorative Justice in a Prison Community or Everything I Didn’t Learn in Kindergarten I Learned in Prison is a readable and insightful book focused on the male inmates inhabiting the W.C. Holman R...
Rapid-purification protocols for optical homodyning

We present a number of rapid-purification feedback protocols for optical homodyne detection of a single optical qubit. We derive first a protocol that speeds up the rate of increase of the average purity of the system, and find that as in the equivalent protocol for a nondissipative measurement, this generates a deterministic evolution for the purity in the limit of strong feedback. We also consider two analogs of the Wiseman-Ralph rapid-purification protocol in this setting, and show that as in that protocol they speed up the average time taken to reach a fixed level of purity. We also examine how the performance of these algorithms changes with detection efficiency, being an important practical consideration.
On the maximum tolerable noise for reliable computation by formulas

It is shown that if formulas constructed from error-prone three-input gates are used to compute Boolean functions, then a per-gate failure probability of 1/6 or more cannot be tolerated. The result is shown to be tight if the per-gate failure probability is constant and precisely known. >
Systems Engineering methods and tools for efficient IT project testing in the Cloud

Most Information Technology (IT) organizations find that the maintenance of test and development environments is a major concern. This paper describes the significant benefits that can be attained when Systems Engineering (SE) and Cloud technology are combined to manage an organization's test and development environments. This combination provides tight governance around automated provisioning and decommissioning of environments allocated to projects. The benefits are: 1. Greatly reduced time to procure test servers/systems; 2. Tight scheduling and governance of test/dev systems; 3. Significantly reduced number of servers used for test; 4. Significantly reduced number of people needed for test; 5. Reduced dev/test server waste caused by lack of governance and management; 6. Significant energy savings during test and development phases. Systems Engineering methods and tools for cloud, such as Application Virtualization, can greatly enhance testing efficiency. Case studies, using private clouds with SE methods for test and development systems, are described in the paper.
A study of a dilute concentration of disorder in the β-Cu-Zn superlattice

Abstract A study was made of the disorder quenched in β-Cu-Zn. At low temperatures, 25–250°C, the predominant defect appears to be a wrong pair of Cu and Zn atoms whose observed value of energy of formation is 7.2–8.0 kcal/mol. The energy of motion during reordering is 14kcal/mol. and it appears that a vacancy is trapped in the vicinity of a wrong pair of atoms.
Use of scintillation theory to explain frequency-spread on F-region ionograms

Abstract Frequency-spread on F -region ionograms is to be explained primarily with the aid of large-scale irregularities of ionization density in the F -region of the ionosphere. Large-scale irregularities are ones whose sizes extend from the Fresnel scale up to the outer scale. This means scales ranging from about two kilometres up to some tens of kilometres, or wavelengths ranging from about ten kilometres up to several hundred kilometres. Irregularities of scale in excess of the Fresnel scale cause refractive scattering of a vertically incident wave on its upward journey through the F -region and on its return journey. Irregularities also cause the critical surface separating underdense ionization from overdense ionization to be rough. Irregularity scales from the Fresnel scale up to the outer scale cause reflection from this surface to take the form of glints. However, this mechanism by itself does not produce enough frequency-spread to explain satisfactorily the more extensive forms of spread- F . In these circumstances refractive scattering of a wave on its upward journey into the F -region ceases to be small-angle scattering before the reflecting stratum is reached. Return of energy to the ionosonde becomes possible by multiple refractive scattering alone. This is diffuse scattering by irregularities ofionization density with scales ranging from the Fresnel scale up to the outer scale. The mathematical theory of scintillation needs to be extended so as to cover development of large-angle multiple refractive scattering.
Irrigation and society

Wittfogel's hydraulic theory of the origin of the state has provided the subject of irrigation and society with a privileged place in archaeology; contemporary literature concerning the social consequences of irrigation development has been neglected by archaeologists. The literature suggests that irrigation technology has as much to do with bureaucratic power as with water. Bureaucratic managementand mismanagement of irrigation technology mediate the outcome of such development projects on the affected populations. This observation challenges theories that posit a linear relationship between population growth and technology. Archaeologists would benefit from applying the insights from the development literature to archaeological analyses of irrigation.
Help Seeking Among Peers: The Role of Goal Structure and Peer Climate

ABSTRACT With a sample of 373 middle school students, the present longitudinal study examined the role of the classroom peer climate in mediating the relation between perceptions of classroom goal structures and academic help seeking among peers. Classroom goal structures were measured in the fall and classroom peer climate and help seeking among peers were assessed in the spring. Structural equation modeling indicated classroom mastery goal structure directly predicted desirable help-seeking behavior among peers (i.e., high adaptive help seeking and low expedient and avoidance of help seeking). A positive classroom peer climate mediated the effects of classroom mastery goal structure on expedient and avoidance of help seeking. A negative classroom peer climate mediated the effects of classroom performance goal structure on avoidance of help seeking. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Splenic cyst during pregnancy

Abstract INTRODUCTION Splenic cyst during pregnancy is rare and may result in spontaneous rupture during the third trimester, which increases perinatal morality. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a 27-year-old healthy Caucasian female who presented at 18 weeks gestation with left flank pain, early satiety and weight loss. Imaging studies demonstrated a large complex multiloculated splenic cyst. The patient underwent a successful laparoscopic splenectomy and delivered a healthy child at term without complication. DISCUSSION Spontaneous rupture of a splenic cyst during the third trimester incurs a perinatal mortality rate as high as 70%. Surgical management includes open or laparoscopic splenectomy or fenestration and preservation of the spleen. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic splenectomy during the second trimester appears to be safe and offers definitive management of a large symptomatic splenic cyst during pregnancy.