cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reproductively-Relevant Stimuli Induce Fos-Immunoreactivity within Progestin Receptor-Containing Neurons in Localized Regions of Female Rat Forebrain

An experiment was conducted to determine if neurons that respond to stimuli associated with mating in female brain also contain progestin receptors. We found that a portion of the neurons that respond to stimuli associated with mating also contains progestin receptors. While the appropriate hormonal conditions are important for sexual receptivity, somatosensor y information provided by the male also influences sexual behavior. One important stimulus provided by the male during copulation is vaginal-cervical stimulation (VCS). VCS has been shown to elicit many different behavioral and endocrine changes in female rats, such as increases in lordosis, pseudopregnancy, and termination of sexual receptivity. VCS also increases the expression of the immediate early gene product, Fos, in areas associated with reproduction. A portion of the neurons responding to VCS with increased Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in female rat forebrain also contains estrogen receptors, illustrating that hormonal and mating-stimuli converge in a population of cells. As progesterone also plays an important role in female sex behavior, it is important to determine if some of the neurons also integrate information concerning serum progesterone levels and social interactions. Thus, we used a dual immunofluorescent technique to label both Fos-IR and progestin receptor-immunoreactivity (PR-IR) in the brains of estradiol-primed, ovariectomized female rats following VCS manually applied by the experimenter. Many of the neurons that respond to VCS with increased Fos-IR within the medial preoptic area, the arcuate nucleus, and the progestin receptor-rich areas of the rostral and caudal ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus also contain PR-IR.
Super-Exponential Convergence of the Karnik-Mendel Algorithms Used for Type-reduction in Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems

Computing the centroid of an interval T2 FS is an important operation in a type-2 fuzzy logic system (where it is called type-reduction), but it is also a potentially time-consuming operation. The Karnik-Mendel (KM) iterative algorithms are widely used for doing this. In this paper we prove that these algorithms converge monotonically and super-exponentially fast. Both properties are highly desirable for iterative algorithms and explain why in practice the KM algorithms have been observed to converge very fast, thereby making them very practical to use.
Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Germinal Matrix Induces Neurovascular Proteases and Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Intracranial hemorrhage in preterm neonates may result in neonatal mortality and functional disabilities, but its pathogenic mechanisms are poorly defined and better therapies are needed. We used a tetracycline-regulated transgenic system to test whether the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the germinal matrix leads to intracranial hemorrhage. This genetic strategy initially induced a dense network of loosely adjoined endothelial cells and pericytes near lateral ventricles, similar to the immature vascular rete in human fetal brains. Yet, this rich vascular network transformed into low-vasculature patches correlated with hemorrhage and caspase-3 activation near birth. Gene expression and biochemical analyses suggested that downstream mediators of VEGF in this network include transcriptional factors ETS1 and HIF2α (hypoxia-inducible factor 2α), components of the PDGFβ (platelet-derived growth factor β) and TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) receptor signaling pathways, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsins. Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids markedly reduced mortality and cerebral hemorrhage in mutant animals, as in human neonates. This protective effect was not due to blocking vasculogenesis, but was instead associated with inhibition of neurovascular proteases, notably MMP-9, cathepsin B, and caspase-3. Collectively, these results support a causative role of VEGF in perinatal cerebral hemorrhage and implicate its downstream proteases as potential therapeutic targets.
THE R-VALUES OF HONEY: POLLEN COEFFICIENTS

One of the goals of melissopalynology is to determine the floral sources utilized by honeybees in the production of honey. Be­ cause some types of commercial honey are preferred over others, the preferred types are inhigh demand and are sold at muchhigher prices. Verification of these preferred (premium) types of honey is often difficult because many of them come from plant sources that are either weakpollen producers or have pollen that is under­ represented in honey. In an effort to verify these premium honey types, researchers developed various methods for correcting the pollen data. These methods produce what are known as pollen coefficient (PC) values. Pollen coefficient values are used to verify honey types produced from floral sources that are over or under-represented in the relative pollen counts ofa honey sample. Weexamine the historical development ofPC values, the reliabil­ ity of PC data, the flaws inherent in the development of various types of PC data, and the steps needed to formulate new types of PC values that would become universally accepted for the verifi­ cation of honey types.
Low pregnancy weight gain and small for gestational age: a comparison of the association using 3 different measures of small for gestational age.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess associations between pregnancy weight gain (PWG) and small for gestational age (SGA) defined by birthweight Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 104,980 singleton, term births from the 2000-2005 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Results Compared with women who gained 15-25 lbs during pregnancy, women who gained 1-14 lbs had 1.5 greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.8) of SGA for the most restrictive definition and 1.2 greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.4) for the least restrictive definition, after adjustments for confounders. Depending upon the definition used, PWG below current Institute of Medicine recommendations contributed to 10-15% of SGA, representing 0.8-1.2% of all singleton term infants. Conclusion Associations between low PWG and SGA varied little by definition of SGA and contributed to only a small proportion of term SGA infants.
Observation of topological surface state quantum Hall effect in an intrinsic three-dimensional topological insulator

Experimentalists have observed the predicted half-integer quantum Hall effect using the topological insulator BiSbTeSe2, which exhibits topological surface states at room temperature, with each surface contributing a half quantum of Hall conductance.
Knowledge Reuse in Mass Customization of Knowledge-Intensive Services

Mass customization is bound to become a strategic necessity for companies in most industries, as it enables a firm to operate at mass production levels and cater to the needs of individual customers. When the products being produced are intangible and knowledge-intensive, knowledge-based systems (KBSs) are critical enablers of mass customization. Recognizing that many firms offering such products already have in place various KBSs that support the “production” of standard products, this paper investigates the extent to which eight knowledge reuse approaches can be applied so as to “adapt” existing KBSs for (re)use in the context of mass customization.
The Ly49 gene family. A brief guide to the nomenclature, genetics, and role in intracellular infection

Understanding the Ly49 gene family can be challenging in terms of nomenclature and genetic organization. The Ly49 gene family has two major gene nomenclature systems, Ly49 and Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor subfamily A (klra). Mice from different strains have varying numbers of these genes with strain specific allelic variants, duplications, deletions, and pseudogene sequences. Some members activate NK lymphocytes, invariant NKT lymphocytes and γδ T lymphocytes while others inhibit killing activity. One molecule, Ly49Q, is not found on NK cells at all, rather is expressed only on myeloid cells. There is growing evidence that these receptors may regulate not just the immune response to viruses, but other intracellular pathogens as well. Thus, this review's primary goal is to provide a guide for researchers first encountering the Ly49 gene family and a foundation for future studies on the role that these gene products play in the immune response, particularly the response to intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.
Effects of feeding practical diets containing various protein levels on growth, survival, body composition, and processing traits of Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) and on pond water quality

A 117-day feeding trial was conducted in ponds with juvenile Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to evaluate the effects on growth, survival, body composition, and processing traits when fed diets containing three different protein levels (22%, 32%, and 42%), and the effects of feeding these diets on pond water quality. Juvenile crayfish (mean weight of 4.6±2.2 g) were randomly stocked into nine 0.02-ha ponds at a rate of 500 per pond (25 000 ha−1), and each diet was fed to three ponds. There were two feedings per day, each consisting of one-half of the total daily ration. At harvest, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the individual weight, percentage weight gain, or specific growth rate among treatments, which averaged 75.3 g, 1535%, and 2.38% day−1 respectively. Red claw fed the 42% crude protein diet had significantly higher (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (7.34) compared with crayfish fed diets containing 22% (5.18) or 32% (5.13) crude protein, and had significantly lower percentage survival (46.1%) compared with red claw fed diets with 22% (61.1%) or 32% (58.2%) protein. Total yield was significantly lower (P<0.05) in red claw fed the 42% protein diet (640 kg ha−1) compared with red claw fed diets containing 22% (920 kg ha−1) or 32% (904 kg ha−1) protein. Mean total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in ponds with red claw fed the 42% protein diet (0.55 mg L−1) compared with ponds with red claw fed diets containing 22% (0.32 mg L−1) or 32% (0.38 mg L−1) protein. Mean total nitrite concentrations in ponds with red claw fed the 42% protein diet was significantly higher (0.05 mg L−1) compared with red claw fed diets containing 22% (0.01 mg L−1) or 32% (0.02 mg L−1) protein. These results indicate that a practical diet containing 22% (as fed basis) protein may be adequate for pond production of red claw when stocked at the density used in this study, and that a diet containing 42% protein adversely affected levels of TAN and nitrite, possibly reducing overall survival of red claw. Use of a diet with 22% protein may allow red claw producers to reduce diet costs and thereby increase profits.
Design of a Multi-Modal and High Computation Power Wireless Sensor Node for Structural Health Monitoring

This paper presents the hardware and software design of a wireless sensor node for structural health monitoring. The unique features of the presented sensor node are its high computational capability, multi-modal sensing, and the combined ability for both active sensing and passive sensing. The open software architecture design approach for the upper layer application software promotes software reuse and speeds up the development cycle by employing available numerical algorithms in open software packages such as CLAPACK and numerical recipes in C. The multi-modal sensing capability allows the sensor node having a broader view of the monitoring structure with integrated information from different types of sensors.
Mapping the results of mobile network monitoring: a GIS solution

Most of us are familiar with the ‘can you hear me now’ commercial – a spectacled technician from a major wireless carrier moves about with a dedicated team testing the voice clarity of the network. Geographic information system (GIS) technology (Foote and Lynch, 2011), together with the use of existing data collection hardware, allows analysts to map results of mobile networks both accurately and efficiently. This paper will detail how geospatial analysis and methodologies were used to address questions related to ideal locations for a cellular network monitoring service, and where such service should be offered to achieve maximum results. Moreover, it explains what qualifies spatially as a quantitative measurable result. Finally, it illustrates how to harness the power of base map and demographic data together with TEMS™ Automatic network monitoring software to evaluate wireless infrastructure.
Livestock production and quality of societies’ life in transition economies

Abstract Animals are beneficial to humans since they produce besides food, products for medical uses and energy. They are also used for transport, animal power, fertilizer, companion and sports. Intensification of animal agriculture has allowed reasonable economic growth in developing regions. This will continue more intensively with world globalization. As a consequence, traditional family farming is losing space to the enterprise organizations concerned with profit returns on investments. This circumstance together with the mechanization of agriculture is driving human populations to the cities and producing a trend to reduce growth on the rural areas of developing countries. Animal production will continue to increase both in volume and in productivity to meet the demand for high-value protein in these transition societies. However, official authorities of developing countries should consider the environmental problems and health issues raised by animal production in the most developed areas of the world. Improved livestock productivity to support economic development and sustainable resource management are not incompatible goals. Limits for the application of technologies should consider aspects of animal production in terms of food, animal welfare and protection of the environment.
INTRASPECIFIC AGGREGATION DECREASES LOCAL SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ARTHROPODS

The aggregation model of species coexistence predicts that insect species diversity within a community is maintained by intraspecific aggregation among resource patches. An untested corollary of this prediction is that diversity within resource patches should decrease with increasing intraspecific aggregation. The recently derived species- aggregation relationship provides a general formulation of this prediction: as intraspecific aggregation increases within a geographic area, the species richness within samples of the area decreases. We tested this prediction by compiling and analyzing 76 data sets of ar- thropod species distribution and abundance. For each data set, we determined the mean amount of intra- and interspecific aggregation and three types of within-sample or local species diversity: species richness, evenness, and dominance. Using regression, we found a negative relationship between intraspecific aggregation and all three types of local di- versity. Intraspecific aggregation explained a significant percentage of the variation in species diversity, typically between 20% and 60%. By comparison, interspecific aggregation usually explained ,1% of the variation in species diversity. Our study provides empirical support for the species-aggregation relationship as a general macroecological pattern that emerges from intraspecific aggregation.
Toddlers' Social Behaviors in Dyads and Groups

Abstract Although toddlers are clearly capable of interacting with peers, the amount and type of interactions among toddlers is controversial. Objectives of the present study were (a) to determine the effect of dyad versus group settings on the amount and type of social behaviors with peers, (b) to determine preference for interacting with peers versus adults, and (c) to determine differences in the types of behaviors directed to peers and adults. Sixteen children (with a mean age of 27 months) were observed in both a group setting and a dyad setting; their mothers were present in both settings. The children were from three different toddler classes, each meeting once a week. Specific social behaviors were coded, as well as the person to whom the behavior was directed (i.e., peer or adult). Setting affected toddlers' behaviors with adults but not behaviors with peers. Regardless of setting, toddlers preferred interacting with adults. The types of behaviors directed to peers and adults differed. Direct int...
Fermentation acids inhibit amino acid deamination by Clostridium sporogenes MD1 via a mechanism involving a decline in intracellular glutamate rather than protonmotive force.

Fermentation acids inhibited the growth and ammonia production of the amino-acid-fermenting bacterium Clostridium sporogenes MD1, but only when the pH was acidic. Such inhibition was traditionally explained by the ability of fermentation acids to act as uncouplers and decrease protonmotive force (Δp), but C. sporogenes MD1 grows even if the Δp is very low. Cell suspensions incubated with additional sodium chloride produced ammonia as rapidly at pH 5.0 as at pH 7.0, but cells incubated with additional sodium lactate were sensitive to even small decreases in extracellular pH. Similar results were obtained if the sodium lactate was replaced by sodium acetate or propionate. When extracellular pH declined, ΔpH increased even if sodium lactate was present. The cells accumulated intracellular lactate anion when the pH was acidic, and intracellular glutamate declined. Because amino acid deamination is linked to a transamination reaction involving glutamate dehydrogenase, the decrease in ammonia production could be explained by the decrease in intracellular glutamate. This latter hypothesis was consistent with the observation that extracellular glutamate addition restored amino acid deamination even though glutamate alone did not allow for the generation of ammonia.
The Effects of Survey Timing on Student Evaluation of Teaching Measures Obtained Using Online Surveys

Teaching evaluations are an important measurement tool used by business schools in gauging the level of student satisfaction with the educational services delivered by faculty. The growing use of online teaching evaluations has enabled educational administrators to expand the time period during which student evaluation of teaching (SET) surveys can be completed by students. This added benefit increases the complexity of data collection and introduces new questions related to the time window during which SET survey administration should commence and stop. This article examines the role of the timing of SET survey completion on student satisfaction measures in the context of online marketing courses. The results indicate that there are significant differences between those students who respond early to survey invitations and those who respond late. Early responders and late responders reflect different segments of the student body, have different course evaluation formation dynamics, and exhibit different g...
A Three-Dimensional Two-Phase Model for Simulating PEM Fuel Cell Performance.

For the last couple of years, we have been working on developing and validating a three-dimensional, two-phase, comprehensive PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell model, and our efforts were funded by the US Department of Energy. In this paper, we provide an up-to-date progress report on our team efforts. Specifically, we present comparisons of simulation results (liquid-water saturation distribution) computed by our improved partially two-phase and fully two-phase models. We also present sample model-validation results by comparing model prediction with experimental data.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Power of Coalitions: Advancing the Public in California's Public-Private Welfare State

Between 1980 and 2010 California’s health care policy field shifted from a businessdominated, closed-door pattern of decision making to a more open political arena. Through this process, a wide-ranging and diversely resourced coalition advocating on behalf of beneficiaries became an accepted partner in policymaking. This article examines this transformation, considering its broader implications for the political dynamics of the public-private welfare state and the role of advocacy groups in defending beneficiary interests. We argue that multifaceted coalitions exploit three vulnerabilities of the public-private welfare state, which presents openings for advancing public priorities: 1) diverse and shifting interests, which allow advocates to build broad coalitions that include labor and some providers 2) service gaps that, when publicized, can generate public outrage; and 3) the hybrid institutional form of the public-private welfare state, which can connect service delivery organizations with a broader pro-public coalition.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter G1 Deletion Induces IL-17–Dependent Dysregulation of Pulmonary Adaptive Immunity

Mice with genetic deletion of the cholesterol transporter ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) have pulmonary lipidosis and enhanced innate immune responses in the airway. Whether ABCG1 regulates adaptive immune responses to the environment is unknown. To this end, Abcg1 +/+ and Abcg1 −/− mice were sensitized to OVA via the airway using low-dose LPS as an adjuvant, and then challenged with OVA aerosol. Naive Abcg1 −/− mice displayed increased B cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) in lung and lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes, with lung CD11b + DCs displaying increased CD80 and CD86. Upon allergen sensitization and challenge, the Abcg1 −/− airway, compared with Abcg1 +/+ , displayed reduced Th2 responses (IL-4, IL-5, eosinophils), increased neutrophils and IL-17, but equivalent airway hyperresponsiveness. Reduced Th2 responses were also found using standard i.p. OVA sensitization with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Mediastinal lymph nodes from airway-sensitized Abcg1 −/− mice produced reduced IL-5 upon ex vivo OVA challenge. Abcg1 −/− CD4 + T cells displayed normal ex vivo differentiation, whereas Abcg1 −/− DCs were found paradoxically to promote Th2 polarization. Th17 cells, IL-17 + γδT cells, and IL-17 + neutrophils were all increased in Abcg1 −/− lungs, suggesting Th17 and non-Th17 sources of IL-17 excess. Neutralization of IL-17 prior to challenge normalized eosinophils and reduced neutrophilia in the Abcg1 −/− airway. We conclude that Abcg1 −/− mice display IL-17–mediated suppression of eosinophilia and enhancement of neutrophilia in the airway following allergen sensitization and challenge. These findings identify ABCG1 as a novel integrator of cholesterol homeostasis and adaptive immune programs.
The Ethics of Organizational Politics

Political uses of power demand explicit consideration of ethical restraints, in part because current management theory focuses on the value of outcomes rather than on the value of the means chosen. We have developed a normative model of ethical analysis that can be helpful in determining what these restraints are. The model integrates three kinds of ethical theories: utilitarianism, theories of moral rights, and theories of justice.
Dynamics Based Robust Motion Segmentation

In this paper we consider the problem of segmenting multiple rigid motions using multi-frame point correspondence data. The main idea of the method is to group points according to the complexity of the model required to explain their relative motion. Intuitively, this formalizes the idea that points on the same rigid share more modes of motion (for instance a common translation or rotation) than points on different objects, leading to less complex models. By exploiting results from systems theory, the problem of estimating the complexity of the underlying model is reduced to simply computing the rank of a matrix constructed from the correspondence data. This leads to a simple segmentation algorithm, computationally no more expensive than a sequence of SVDs. Since the proposed method exploits both spatial and temporal constraints, is less sensitive to the effect of noise or outliers than approaches that rely solely on factorizations of the measurements matrix. In addition, the method can also naturally handle "degenerate cases", e.g. cases where the objects partially share motion modes. These results are illustrated using several examples involving both degenerate and non-degenerate cases.
Adjuvant treatment in node-negative, postmenopausal breast cancer.

Forty years of randomized clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer have produced data that now collectively confirm theories about cancer biology first conceived and developed in the f...
Corona and breakdown-voltage characteristics in sphere-plane and rod-rod gaps under impulse voltages of various wavefront durations

Studies were made of the electrical characteristics of the corona and the leader stroke preceding the impulse breakdown of sphere—plane and rod—rod gaps up to 40cm long, in atmospheric air. The studies were made with both positive- and negative-polarity voltages of front durations between 2 and 300 μs. The effect of wavefront duration on the breakdown voltage was also studied.The breakdown voltage of the sphere—plane gap with the sphere positive, and of the rod—rod gap under both polarities, increased with increasing wavefront duration from 2 to 17 μs, and thereafter it decreased for wavefronts up to 300 μs. With the sphere negative, the breakdown voltage of the gaps studied remained approximately constant for all durations of the wavefronts.With the sphere positive, the breakdown of all gap lengths studied was preceded by the propagation of a positive leader. When the sphere was negative, however, a change in the development of the leader from a negative leader to a positive leader was observed at a certain gap length. The leader development remained independent of the wavefront duration of the voltage wave.The breakdown of the rod—rod gap with the high-voltage rod positive was initiated by a positive leader for all gap lengths and voltage wavefronts. With the high-voltage rod negative, two different mechanisms of the leader development were found under the 7 μs and 17 μs-wavefront voltages. In gaps between 10 and 20cm long, a positive leader was observed, whereas in the longer gaps the breakdown was initiated by a negative leader. Under the 2μs-wavefront voltage, the breakdown in all gaps was preceded by a positive leader.
Enhancement of parkinsonian rigidity with contralateral hand activation.

highlights Enhancement of rigidity by contralateral activation may aid in early detection of the disease. Medication reduced rigidity with and without contralateral activation. Increased rigidity with contralateral activation is not due to ipsilateral muscle activation. abstract Objective: Quantify the enhancement of parkinsonian rigidity associated with a contralateral activation maneuver. Methods: Twelve subjects with PD and eight controls participated in the study protocol. Subjects' tested hand was displaced by a servo-motor throughout wrist flexion and extension motions of 60 without and with a concurrent gripping activation in the contralateral hand, referred to as Passive and Active condi- tions, respectively. Subjects with PD were tested in both OFF-MED and ON-MED states. Rigidity was quantified by integrating torque with position during both flexion and extension (torque resistance). ANOVA was performed to assess the effect of contralateral activation on rigidity. Results: PD patients had significantly (0.038) enhanced torque resistance in OFF-MED compared to healthy controls and ON-MED. In the Active condition, differences in torque resistance were magnified (p = 0.002). Medication substantially reduced differences in torque resistance between controls and PD patients in the Passive and Active conditions. Conclusions: A contralateral activation maneuver substantially increases rigidity in patients with PD, spe- cifically the OFF-MED state. Rigidity is reduced with the application of dopaminergic medication, even with the presence of a contralateral activation maneuver. Significance: These data support the use of a contralateral activation maneuver as a tool in the diagnosis of PD.
Burning Table Mountain: An Environmental History of Fire on the Cape Peninsula

Take a Mediterranean climate, a biota growing on impoverished soils, and people, many in transit. The first makes fire probable; the second, obligatory in order to cycle nutrients; and the third, i...
Tear Strength of Carbon-Black-Filled Compounds

Abstract Measurements are reported of tear strength for several carbon-black-filled compounds over a wide range of temperature. Attention is focussed on “knotty tearing” when the tear deviates from the straight-ahead direction and sometimes splits, and the tear force rises markedly. Knotty tearing occurs only over certain temperature ranges which appear to be related to the glass temperature of the elastomer. It is suppressed when the crosslink concentration is either unusually high or unusually low. It is strongly dependent on the type of carbon black, and sensitive to the particular elastomer used, being virtually absent with one cis-polybutadiene elastomer although evident with others. It appears to be related to the ability of the compound to create a high degree of orientation of carbon black particles at the crack tip and thus induce a marked anisotropy of strength in this region. However, it was often absent in pure shear experiments, when the overall extension of the specimen was much smaller, and...
Chest pain in children - Evaluation of 136 consecutive cases

Chest pain (CP) is a common complaint among children. In many cases the source of pain can be identified by a thorough history and physical examination. Further diagnostic evaluation is warranted in doubtful cases. Aim: To identify the causes of CP in children referred to the emergency department (ED) and to compare results with the published data. Methods: All cases referred to ED for CP in one year period (2010-11) were retrospectively analyzed. Causes of CP were divided in: cardiac-related and noncardiac-related, the latter being further subdivided in: idiopathic (IC), musculoskeletal (MC), respiratory (RC), gastrointestinal (GC) and miscellaneous (MSC) causes. The results were compared with data from the literature. Results: Records from 136 children (66 girls), mean age 12.2 years (SD±3.7 years), were included. The most frequent group - 55 (40.4%) had IC, followed by MC in 35 (25.7%) children. RC were present in 17 (12.5%), GC in 13 (9.6%), and MSC in 6 children (4.4%). Our results in all groups did not differ from data in other studies. Cardiac causes were present in 10 children (7.4%), which is in line with up to 15% of cases in published data. Potentially fatal conditions were diagnosed in 6 (4.4%) children. None died or suffered significant sequellae. Conclusion: Our results are in line with published data from major centers. Benign conditions represent the majority of causes of CP. Nevertheless, CP in children should be evaluated with care since potentially fatal conditions can also be present in this age group.
Regional Modelling of Fractured Rock Aquifers

The movement of fluids through regional fractured rock systems is of practical interest to the hydrologist. Whether it be toward anticipating the migration of contaminants or planning for the placement of water supply wells, insights into the regional hydrology of fractured rock aquifers plays a role. Groundwater flow modellers often assume that due to the large number of fractures present in the regional domain, the discreteness of the flow system is averaged out and that an equivalent single continuum model representation is justified. Some initial research results, presented in this paper, indicate that such an assumption may not be appropriate in many fractured rock systems.
Types, subtypes, and severity of substantiated child neglect in U.S. Army communities

ABSTRACT Background: Neglect has been linked to short-term and long-term deleterious outcomes in children, but has received little attention in the research literature. Objective: Identify types, subtypes, and severity of child neglect in a sample of substantiated cases at 4 U.S. Army installations. Describe demographic correlates of victims and offenders by type and subtype. Participants: Data were collected from archived clinical records. A stratified random sample of 100 substantiated child neglect case files were selected per site (N = 400). Data from a single child per case file were used. Results: 5 types and 17 subtypes of neglect were represented, singly or in combination, with varying severity. Lack of Supervision was most common (n = 177, 35.3%), followed by Emotional Neglect (n = 159, 31.8%), Failure to Provide Physical Needs (n = 131, 26.2%), Moral–Legal Neglect (n = 20, 4%), and Educational Neglect (n = 13; 2.6%). Child neglect occurred mostly among young children and in young enlisted famili...
Doctors fail to offer advice about omega-3s to those who need it most (379.7)

A grocery store tour podcast was developed to inform shoppers about the health benefits of omega-3s (n-3s) and foods to increase n-3 consumption. This study specifically examined shoppers who had a...
NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Toxicity

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are some of the most frequently prescribed medications by medical practitioners for mild to moderate pain. Many varieties of these drugs are also available over the counter for self-care in lower doses. Because of this, the overall use of these drugs is not readily calculable. Although widely used, these drugs are not without side effects and potentially damaging qualities. Much research has been done to find an ideal drug in this class in order to eliminate these potentially serious side effects resulting in a relatively new class of anti-inflammatory drugs. This chapter will discuss the use of these medications in patients with hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), and myocardial infarction. The mechanism of action will be related to the proposed mechanisms of harm in these specific patient populations. Animal data related to these mechanisms as well as patient population data will be presented.
RELN Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorder

RELN encodes a large, secreted glycoprotein integral to proper neuronal positioning during development and regulation of synaptic function postnatally. Rare, homozygous, null mutations lead to lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia, accompanied by developmental delay and epilepsy. Until recently, little was known about the frequency or consequences of heterozygous mutations. Several lines of evidence from multiple studies now implicate heterozygous mutations in RELN in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). RELN maps to the AUTS1 locus on 7q22, and at this time over 40 distinct mutations have been identified that would alter the protein sequence, four of which are de novo. The RELN mutations that are most clearly consequential are those that are predicted to inactivate the signaling function of the encoded protein, and those that fall in a highly conserved RXR motif found at the core of the 16 Reelin subrepeats. Despite the growing evidence of RELN dysfunction in ASD, it appears that these mutations in isolation are insufficient and that secondary genetic or environmental factors are likely required for a diagnosis.
Thermochemistry of Ammonium Nitrate, NH4NO3, in the Gas Phase

Hildenbrand and co-workers have shown recently that the vapor above solid ammonium nitrate includes molecules of NH4NO3, not only NH3 and HNO3 as previously believed. Their measurements led to ther...
Sequence of Arrival of Entomophagous Insects to Trees Infested with the Southern Pine Beetle

Five predators and 6 parasites of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman were trapped on beetle-infested trees which contained the parent adult and egg, larval, and pupal stages of the beetle. Predator response was greatest during the initial stages of beetle attack (parent adult and egg stage), and parasite response increased when the infested trees contained the larval stages of the beetle. The prey and host requirements of the entomophagous insects may account for the sequence in which they arrive at beetleinfested trees. The presence of beetle- and/or host tree produced-odors associated with southern pine beetle infestations may provide olfactory cues responsible for the sequence.
Crystal chemistry of alkali-deficient schorl and tourmaline structural relationships

Ansrucr The structure of an aluminous, alkali-deficient schorl has been refined (R : 0.054 for 3084 intensity data) and its data integrated with those of 12 other refined tourmaline structures to provide a better understanding of the structural accommodation of diverse substitutions in the tourmaline group. Alkali-deficient schorl, (Nao rrtro o'IFefiuAlo rnMgo rrTi' 0r)Al6(BO3)3(Si5 s6Al0 ro)Or8 o8((OH), ,rFo ,o), is rhombohedral with a : 15.963(3) and c : 7.148(2) A; its space group is R3ru. The 3a alkali site in the alkali-deficient schorl with an occupancy of (Nao rrEo or) is the largest yet observed in tourmaline. Substitution of cations smaller than Na, notably Ca, afects the configuration of the six-membered tetrahedral ring by decreasing its degree of "crimping" and by increasing its ditrigonality and the distortion of its tetrahedra. The only observed effect ofAl Si substitution is an increase in the size ofthe tetrahedra. Rz+ R3+ substitution in the 9b octahedral site in response to the dehydroxylation-type substitution, (OHf + R2+ : 02+ R3*, and alkali defect-type substitution, R+ + R2+ : 3aE + R3+, results in increased "puckering" (inward rotation of the tetrahedra of the sixmembered ring) and in a marked compression of the smaller l8c octahedra with which the larger 9b octahedra share edges. The volume of the unit cell is highly correlated (r : 0.98) to the weighted-mean size, [9rc + 4(l8c-O)]/5, of the 9b and l8c octahedra, which explains why lattice parameters can be successfully used to estimate octahedral-site occupancies. The chemistries of natural as well as synthetic tourmalines in the systems NarOAlrO3-SiOr-BrOr-HrO and MgO-AlrO3-SiOr-BrOr-HrO are also rationalized on the basis of the observed structural trends.
35 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHRONIC DISEASE AND CLINICAL DEPRESSION IN LOW-INCOME PATIENT POPULATIONS.

Purpose The relationship between chronic disease and depression is not well characterized in low-income patient populations. In this study, we examine the medical records of over 300 patients to test the hypothesis that patients with two or more chronic health conditions exhibit a higher prevalence of clinical depression than patients with one chronic health condition. Methods A 1-page, multiple-items chart abstraction instrument was used to collect data from 336 medical records of patients who were diagnosed with “major depression” during a 7-month period from June 2005 to January 2006 at two large ‘safety net’ clinics in Los Angeles County. The abstraction instrument collected such information as patient demographics, chronic disease diagnoses, and depression treatment plans. Statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 9.2 statistical software. Results There was no statistically significant association between the number of chronic conditions that a patient has and whether he/she received a diagnosis of clinical depression as documented in the chart. The best predictors of receiving a depression diagnosis were psychosocial stressors such as a death in the family (OR 3.71, p = .122, 95% CI 0.70, 19.59) and anxiety disorders (OR 9.07, p Conclusion Findings suggest that low-income patients with two or more chronic conditions are less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression and care for this condition. Psychosocial factors such as emotional stress or anxiety disorders were better predictors of whether or not a health care provider screened for and provided treatment for depression.
The Flexible Modification of Automobile Production Line

Based on the same assembly line, from a few models and compatible to the production of a variety of models in the process of design and practical experience, to explore the feasibility and value of automobile production line flexible production, improve the technical level of plant equipment and improve the economic benefit of the factory.
7. On the Rhombohedral System in Crystallography

The science of Crystallography has for its object the classification of crystalline forms. The principles which must guide us in attempting to arrive at a natural classification of crystals are the same as those which have been so successfully applied to the formation of a natural classification of plants by Ray and Jussieu, and of animals by Cuvier. By the application of these principles it has been found that crystals are formed on six different types or plans of structure, and in consequence crystals have been arranged in six primary classes, termed crystallographic systems. They are named the cubic, pyramidal, rhombohedral, prismatic, oblique, and anorthic systems.
Compartment syndrome of the deltoid: a case report of a common presentation in a rare location

Compartment syndrome presents with a slow onset of pain. Anything that causes an increased intra-compartmental pressure can lead to surgical emergency. A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency department with prolonged syncope. The patient is unable to recall the previous night except for using oxycodone. Patient medical history is significant for ischemic cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction. Physical exam showed left arm pain and swelling, decreased sensation to light touch, and decreased range of motion. The left forearm was cool to touch with decreased pulses. Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio was 47/4.0, white blood cell was 15.1, troponin was 34.2, and creatine kinase was immeasurable. Electrocardiogram showed non-specific T-wave abnormalities. Computed tomography showed left hemithoracic musculature enlargement. The patient's symptoms continued to worsen. The patient underwent emergency fasciotomy to relieve intra-compartmental pressure. Compartment syndrome of the deltoid is rare and yielded less than ten cases in our literature review. Although compartment syndrome usually affects the forearm, one must consider its possibility in any anatomical location.
A professional development question: is computer experience associated with subjects' attitudes toward the perceived usefulness of computers?

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether present computer usage or the expectation of future usage leads to differences in subject attitudes toward the usefulness of computers. This study also introduced predictors in computer usefulness for present and future usage of computers. Subjects were asked whether they presently used or planned to use in the future any of the following typical functions for which computers are employed: word processing, data base management, electronic spreadsheet manipulation, programming, and/or educational courseware. Seventy-five college students enrolled in different computer-based education courses participated in the study. An instrument consisting of 12 positively and negatively worded statements measuring attitudes toward the usefulness of computers were administered to the subjects. Collected data were analyzed by conducting separate analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression analyses were conducted in order to identify predictors in computer u...
Wartime Lessons — Shaping a National Trauma Action Plan

A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examines the U.S. military's reduction of morbidity and mortality after injury and the possible implications of its work for improving care in civilian settings.
The Mean Value Theorem

The main focus of this chapter is the Mean Value Theorem and some of its applications. This is the big theorem in the world of differentiable functions. Many important results in calculus (and well beyond!) follow from the Mean Value Theorem. We also look at an interesting and useful generalization, due to Cauchy.
Merging strategies for sum-product networks: from trees to graphs

Learning the structure of sum-product networks (SPNs) - arithmetic circuits over latent and observed variables - has been the subject of much recent research. These networks admit linear time exact inference, and thus help alleviate one of the chief disadvantages of probabilistic graphical models: accurate probabilistic inference algorithms are often computationally expensive. Although, algorithms for inducing their structure from data have come quite far and often outperform algorithms that induce probabilistic graphical models, a key issue with existing approaches is that they induce tree SPNs, a small, inefficient sub-class of SPNs. In this paper, we address this limitation by developing post-processing approaches that induce graph SPNs from tree SPNs by merging similar sub-structures. The key benefits of graph SPNs over tree SPNs include smaller computational complexity which facilitates faster online inference, and better generalization accuracy because of reduced variance, at the cost of slight increase in the learning time. We demonstrate experimentally that our merging techniques significantly improve the accuracy of tree SPNs, achieving state-of-the-art performance on several real world benchmark datasets.
Self-corrective knowledge-based hybrid tracking system using BIM and multimodal sensors

We propose a self-corrective real-time tracking system using a hybrid approach with BLE, motion sensors, and BIM.A full-site construction test was conducted to validate the developed hybrid tracking system.The proposed hybrid tracking system presented a way to compensate for the weakness of each system component.The system components show positive effects through the interaction by reducing tracking errors up to 42%. Researchers have recently devoted considerable attention to acquiring location awareness of assets. They have explored various technologies, such as video cameras, radio signal strength indicator-based sensors, and motion sensors, in the development of tracking systems. However, each system presents unique drawbacks especially when applied in complex indoor construction environments; this paper classifies them into two categories: absolute tracking and relative tracking. By understanding the nature of problems in each tracking category, this research develops a novel tracking methodology that uses knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of various components used in the proposed tracking system. This paper presents the development of a hybrid-tracking system that integrates Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, motion sensors, and Building Information Model (BIM). The hypothesis tested through this integration was whether such knowledge-based integration could provide a method that can correct errors found in each of the used sensing technologies and thereby improve the reliability of the tracking system. Field experimental trials were conducted in a full-scale indoor construction site to assess the performance of individual components and the integrated system. The results indicated that the addition of map knowledge from a BIM model showed the capability of correcting improbable movements. Furthermore, the knowledge-based decision making process demonstrated its capability to make positive interaction by reducing the positioning errors by 42% on average. In sum, the proposed hybrid-tracking system presented a novel method to compensate for the weakness of each system component and thus achieve a more accurate and precise tracking in dynamic and complex indoor construction sites.