cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ILLUSTRATING A HIERARCHICAL APPROACH FOR SELECTING PERSONALITY TRAITS IN PERSONNEL DECISIONS: AN APPLICATION OF THE 3M MODEL

Recent research indicates that managers are not aware of the latest developments in theory regarding the use of personality inventories in personnel selection decisions. This article presents a systematic approach to selecting traits for use in personnel selection that is based on recent developments in hierarchical personality models. Results from a study of real estate sales associates indicate that the new approach does have much to offer the area. Results are discussed along with managerial implications.
Convenient selection of monoclonal antibodies to isoenzymes of placental alkaline phosphatase using the catalytic activity of the antigen in enzyme-antigen immunoassay.

Abstract An assay for the detection of monoclonal antibodies binding alkaline phosphatase is described. The assay takes advantage of the catalytic activity of the enzyme and is therefore referred to as enzyme-antigen immunoassay (EAIA). Goat antimouse immunoglobulin G antibodies are first attached to microtiter plates. Culture fluids from hybridomas or purified monoclonal antibodies are then added, followed by alkaline phosphatase in the third step. Finally, the assay is developed using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate for the enzyme. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 ng antibody/ml with an average error in optical density readings of 4%. The assay is especially useful when selecting antibodies directed against alkaline phosphatase of cultured cells or when it is necessary to evaluate the specificity of the antibodies using crude tissue extracts as the source of antigen.
The Role of Moral Disengagement in the Execution Process

The present study tested the proposition that disengagement of moral self-sanctions enables prison personnel to carry out the death penalty. Three subgroups of personnel in penitentiaries located in three Southern states were assessed in terms of eight mechanisms of moral disengagement. The personnel included the execution teams that carry out the executions; the support teams that provide solace and emotional support to the families of the victims and the condemned inmate; and prison guards who have no involvement in the execution process. The executioners exhibited the highest level of moral, social, and economic justifications, disavowal of personal responsibility, and dehumanization. The support teams that provide the more humane services disavowed moral disengagement, as did the noninvolved guards but to a lesser degree than the support teams.
Ammonia losses and nitrogen partitioning at a southern High Plains open lot dairy

Animal agriculture is a significant source of ammonia (NH3). Cattle excrete most ingested nitrogen (N); most urinary N is converted to NH3, volatilized and lost to the atmosphere. Open lot dairies on the southern High Plains are a growing industry and face environmental challenges as well as reporting requirements for NH3 emissions. We quantified NH3 emissions from the open lot and wastewater lagoons of a commercial New Mexico dairy during a nine-day summer campaign. The 3500-cow dairy consisted of open lot, manure-surfaced corrals (22.5 ha area). Lactating cows comprised 80% of the herd. A flush system using recycled wastewater intermittently removed manure from feeding alleys to three lagoons (1.8 ha area). Open path lasers measured atmospheric NH3 concentration, sonic anemometers characterized turbulence, and inverse dispersion analysis was used to quantify emissions. Ammonia fluxes (15-min) averaged 56 and 37 μg m−2 s−1 at the open lot and lagoons, respectively. Ammonia emission rate averaged 1061 kg d−1 at the open lot and 59 kg d−1 at the lagoons; 95% of NH3 was emitted from the open lot. The per capita emission rate of NH3 was 304 g cow−1 d−1 from the open lot (41% of N intake) and 17 g cow−1 d−1 from lagoons (2% of N intake). Daily N input at the dairy was 2139 kg d−1, with 43, 36, 19 and 2% of the N partitioned to NH3 emission, manure/lagoons, milk, and cows, respectively.
Risky Sex- and Drug-Seeking in a Probability Sample of Men-for-Men Online Bulletin Board Postings

There has been limited research on men who have sex with men’s postings in online sex-seeking bulletin boards. This study uses a probability sample of 1,438 advertisements ostensibly posted by men-seeking-men in the New York City section of Craigslist.org. Ad’s qualitative text were coded for various sex- and drug-seeking behaviors. The proportion of ads seeking unprotected/uninhibited sex (3.0%) and party-n-play (i.e., sex/drug) encounters (4.2%) was low. In contrast, 12.7% of postings specified safe sex encounters, and 17.5% of postings specified that they were “drug and disease free.” Prevalence of certain behaviors varied by time that ads were posted. Implications for health/community service providers are discussed.
Solid Cryogen Formation in a Throttled Two-Phase Compressible Flow,

Abstract : When the pressure of a liquid drops below its triple point, a phase transformation occurs forming both solid and gas phases with no remaining liquid. Liquid cryogens vented from launch vehicles, such as the Centaur Upper Stage, will undergo such a transformation when exposed to pressures below their triple points. Solids thus formed may accumulate in the overboard vent, restricting flow and possibly blocking the vent. An investigation of vent blockage was performed using saturated liquid argon. Observations of solid adherence and accumulation were recorded for various argon delivery pressures. Wall adherence and vent blockage was strongly dependent on delivery pressure, with accumulation increasing for decreasing pressure. For low delivery pressures, relative to the triple point, vent blockage was immediate and complete. In addition, solid formation was observed to propagate into the liquid, against the direction of flow, revealing the porous nature of the solid as well as the impact on the flow.
An Assessemnt of Graduate Adult Education and Human Resource Development Programs: A U.S. Perspective

Due to recent changes in the workplace, the workforce and higher education have driven academic programs of adult education (AE) and human resource development (HRD) in the U.S. to become more integrated as part of the mission of institutions of higher education. In this exploratory study, existing graduate programs in AE and HRD in the U.S. were investigated based on the Peterson's Graduate Schools in the U.S. (2006) to assess the current status of these academic programs in both fields. Results indicate that some of these programs already coexist and collaborate at the institutional level. Implications for the future of academic programs of AE and HRD are discussed.
An intelligent assistant for nuclear test ban treaty verification

To assist underground nuclear test ban treaty verification specialists, we are developing technologies for automatically processing seismic monitoring data. The intelligent assistant described in this paper, called the Seismic Event Analyzer (SEA), isolates "interesting" events by filtering large volumes of continuously arriving data. It also uses an assumption-based truth maintenance system to emulate the human analyst's problem-solving behavior.
Is the transition from open to robotic prostatectomy fair to your patients? A single-surgeon comparison with 2-year follow-up

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a procedure thought to require experience with a significant number of cases before mastering. Most RARP series examine outcomes after the learning curve or by combining results from multiple surgeons. We review a single surgeon’s experience during the transition from open radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) to RARP using a matched case–control model. We prospectively analyzed 50 RARP cases and made comparison with the last 50 consecutive RRP cases. Operative time was longer for RARP than RRP (341 versus 235 min, p < 0.01), and mean estimated blood loss was less for RARP than RRP (533 versus 1,540 ml, p < 0.01). There was a trend towards fewer positive surgical margins (PSM) for RARP (10%) than RRP (24%; p = 0.06). High-risk patients were found to have a greater percentage of PSM following RRP (70%) in comparison with RARP (17%; p = 0.04). The number of patients who experienced complications was no different between groups (16 versus 12, p = 0.37). Erectile function at 12, 18, and 24 months showed no difference between groups (p = 0.15, 0.92, and 0.23, respectively). There was no difference in continence at 1 year (88.6% versus 89.1%; p = 0.94). During 27.1 months of follow-up for the RARP group and 30.4 months for the RRP group, 92% and 94% of patients had an undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (defined as ≤0.1), respectively (p = 0.38). We report similar outcomes in patients undergoing RARP by a surgeon transitioning from RRP to RARP, confirming that the learning curve does not affect patient outcomes over a 2-year follow-up.
The role of tumor initiating cells in drug resistance of breast cancer: Implications for future therapeutic approaches

The ability to prospectively isolate breast cancer cells that initiate tumors when transplanted orthotopically into immunocompromised mice has led to an explosion of work characterizing these cells and establishing ways to target them. Microarray studies screening for novel targets and chemical library screens for effective therapies have implicated signaling pathways, tumor-stromal interactions, miRNAs and possible even piwi-interacting (piRNAs) in the regulation of tumor initiating cell self-renewal. Potential targeting agents including the β-catenin inhibitor sulforaphane, AKT inhibitor perfosine, hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine, stromal interaction inhibitor repertaxin, multidrug resistance pump poison dofequifar fumarate, as well as targeted the dual epidermal growth factor family inhibitor lapatinib and many more have all been found to have toxicity against purportedly chemotherapy resistant subpopulations of cancer cells often referred to as tumor initiating cells (TICs). Work using clinical samples is emerging and supports the hypothesis that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can enrich for TICs in residual disease, but strong correlation with long-term outcome is yet to be established. This paper reviews current attempts to targeting TICs and discusses the competing hypotheses to explain breast cancer recurrence and therapy resistance.
Cystic fibrosis: effect of media from cultured cystic fibrosis fibroblasts on ATPase activity

Summary Membrane associated ATPase activities of human red blood cells were examined following the addition of spent fibroblast culture media from normal and cystic fibrosis cell lines. In comparison to normal and unspent media, the cystic fibrosis media consistently depressed the ATPase activities.
ℱK-convex functions on metric spaces

By an ℱK-convex function on a length metric space, we mean one that satisfies fn ≥ −Kf on all unitspeed geodesics. We show that natural ℱK-convex (-concave) functions occur in abundance on metric spaces of curvature bounded above (below) by K in the sense of Alexandrov. We prove Lipschitz extension and approximation theorems for ℱK-convex functions on CAT(K) spaces.
An Integrated Approach To GC/FTIR

When FTIR is used in conjunction with Gas Chromatography certain definable system constraints can be shown to apply both to the design and operation of the GC/FTIR system, and the operation of the GC system. The design objective of an integrated system combining a state-of-the-art gas chromatograph with a flexible cost effective GC/FTIR system on the one hand, and the requirements of the analyst of the other is to obtain a realistic compromise between the demands of equipment and analyst.
Multipotent adult progenitor cells can suppress graft-versus-host disease via prostaglandin E2 synthesis and only if localized to sites of allopriming

Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are nonhematopoietic stem cells capable of giving rise to a broad range of tissue cells. As such, MAPCs hold promise for tissue injury repair after transplant. In vitro, MAPCs potently suppressed allogeneic T-cell activation and proliferation in a dose-dependent, cell contact–independent, and T-regulatory cell–independent manner. Suppression occurred primarily through prostaglandin E2 synthesis in MAPCs, which resulted in decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. When given systemically, MAPCs did not home to sites of allopriming and did not suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To ensure that MAPCs would colocalize with donor T cells, MAPCs were injected directly into the spleen at bone marrow transplantation. MAPCs limited donor T-cell proliferation and GVHD-induced injury via prostaglandin E2 synthesis in vivo. Moreover, MAPCs altered the balance away from positive and toward inhibitory costimulatory pathway expression in splenic T cells and antigen-presenting cells. These findings are the first to describe the immunosuppressive capacity and mechanism of MAPC-induced suppression of T-cell alloresponses and illustrate the requirement for MAPC colocalization to sites of initial donor T-cell activation for GVHD inhibition. Such data have implications for the use of allogeneic MAPCs and possibly other immunomodulatory nonhematopoietic stem cells for preventing GVHD in the clinic.
Computer simulations of the bacterial cytoplasm

Ever since the pioneering work of Minton, it has been recognized that the highly crowded interior of biological cells has the potential to cause dramatic changes to both the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding and association events relative to behavior that might be observed in dilute solution conditions. One very productive way to explore the effects of crowding on protein behavior has been to use macromolecular crowding agents that exclude volume without otherwise strongly interacting with the protein under study. An alternative, complementary approach to understanding the potential differences between behavior in vivo and in vitro is to develop simulation models that explicitly attempt to model intracellular environments at the molecular scale, and that thereby can be used to directly monitor biophysical behavior in conditions that accurately mimic those encountered in vivo. It is with studies of this type that the present review will be concerned. We review in detail four published studies that have attempted to simulate the structure and dynamics of the bacterial cytoplasm and that have each explored different biophysical aspects of the cellular interior. While each of these studies has yielded important new insights, there are important questions that remain to be resolved in terms of determining the relative contributions made by energetic and hydrodynamic interactions to the diffusive behavior of macromolecules and to the thermodynamics of protein folding and associations in vivo. Some possible new directions for future generation simulation models of the cytoplasm are outlined.
Influence of substrate configuration on the angular response pattern of infrared antennas

The far-field angular response pattern for dipole antenna-coupled infrared detectors is investigated. These devices utilize an asymmetric metal-oxide-metal diode that is capable of rectifying infrared-frequency antenna currents without applied bias. Devices are fabricated on both planar and hemispherical lens substrates. Measurements indicate that the angular response can be tailored by the thickness of the electrical isolation standoff layer on which the detector is fabricated and/or the inclusion of a ground plane. Electromagnetic simulations and analytical expressions show excellent agreement with the measured results.
The Emergence of a General Theory of the Initiation and Strength of the Heartbeat

Abstract. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling, that is, the Ca2+ clock, entrained by externally delivered action potentials has been a major focus in ventricular myocyte research for the past 5 decades. In contrast, the focus of pacemaker cell research has largely been limited to membrane-delimited pacemaker mechanisms (membrane clock) driven by ion channels, as the immediate cause for excitation. Recent robust experimental evidence, based on confocal cell imaging, and supported by numerical modeling suggests a novel concept: the normal rhythmic heart beat is governed by the tight integration of both intracellular Ca2+ and membrane clocks. In pacemaker cells the intracellular Ca2+ clock is manifested by spontaneous, rhythmic submembrane local Ca2+ releases from SR, which are tightly controlled by a high degree of basal and reserve PKA-dependent protein phosphorylation. The Ca2+ releases rhythmically activate Na+/Ca2+ exchange inward currents that ignite action potentials, whose shape and ion fluxes are tuned by the membrane clock which, in turn, sustains operation of the intracellular Ca2+ clock. The idea that spontaneous SR Ca2+ releases initiate and regulate normal automaticity provides the key that reunites pacemaker and ventricular cell research, thus evolving a general theory of the initiation and strength of the heartbeat.
Electrical treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice

Abstract Direct electrical current of sufficient magnitude and duration can destroy tissue. This capability may be clinically useful in some cases involving inoperable metastatic lesions. In principle, a tumor could be treated with direct current administered via a percutaneous electrode insulated along its entire length except for the portion actually inserted into the tumor. An animal model was developed to study the effect of direct electrical current on tumor growth. The growth of implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in mice was inhibited following the administration of 2 mA for 1 hr, 1–3 treatments. The effect occurred in both small and large tumors. The results suggest that the electrical technique is potentially useful for treating some tumors.
Designing interfaces to enrich personalization

Peripheral awareness systems offer significant promise to help people to manage the abundance of information available to them without placing significant additional demands on attention. Rich personalization is essential to enabling these systems to provide relevant information to a particular person's individual needs in their own particular situation. I focus on rich personalization and its implications for the interfaces that can enable it.
PHOSPHOLIPID-SUBCLASS-SPECIFIC PARTITIONING OF LIPOPHILIC IONS IN MEMBRANE-WATER SYSTEMS

Herein, we systematically investigate phospholipid-subclass-specific alterations in the partitioning of both cationic and anionic amphiphiles to identify the importance of ester, ether and vinyl ether linkages at the sn-1 position of phospholipids in the partitioning of charged amphiphiles. The results demonstrated that the membrane-water partition coefficient of a prototypic cationic amphiphile (i.e. 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide) was approximately 2.5 times higher in membranes comprised of plasmenylcholine in comparison with membranes comprised of either phosphatidylcholine or plasmanylcholine. In striking contrast, the membrane-water partition coefficient of a prototypic anionic amphiphile [i.e. bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol] in membranes comprised of plasmenylcholine was approximately 2.5 times lower than that manifest in membranes comprised of phosphatidylcholine or plasmanylcholine. Utilizing theseexperimentally determined partition coefficients,the relative membrane dipole potential of membranes comprised of plasmenylcholine was calculated and found to be approximately 25 mV lower than in membranes comprised of phosphatidylcholine or plasmanylcholine. This lower membrane dipole potential in membranes comprised of plasmenylcholine is equivalent to the membrane potential induced by incorporation of approximately 25 mol% of anionic phospholipids in membranes comprised of phosphatidylcholine. Collectively, these results demonstrate that phospholipid-subclass-specific differences in the membrane dipole potential contribute to alterations in the partitioning of lipophilic ions in membrane bilayers comprised of distinct phospholipid subclasses. Moreover, they suggest that these physicochemical differences can be exploited to facilitate the targeting of charged lipophilic drugs to specific cells and subcellular membrane compartments.
RIAM Activates Integrins by Linking Talin to Ras GTPase Membrane-targeting Sequences

Rap1 small GTPases interact with Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), a member of the MRL (Mig-10/RIAM/Lamellipodin) protein family, to promote talin-dependent integrin activation. Here, we show that MRL proteins function as scaffolds that connect the membrane targeting sequences in Ras GTPases to talin, thereby recruiting talin to the plasma membrane and activating integrins. The MRL proteins bound directly to talin via short, N-terminal sequences predicted to form amphipathic helices. RIAM-induced integrin activation required both its capacity to bind to Rap1 and to talin. Moreover, we constructed a minimized 50-residue Rap-RIAM module containing the talin binding site of RIAM joined to the membrane-targeting sequence of Rap1A. This minimized Rap-RIAM module was sufficient to target talin to the plasma membrane and to mediate integrin activation, even in the absence of Rap1 activity. We identified a short talin binding sequence in Lamellipodin (Lpd), another MRL protein; talin binding Lpd sequence joined to a Rap1 membrane-targeting sequence is sufficient to recruit talin and activate integrins. These data establish the mechanism whereby MRL proteins interact with both talin and Ras GTPases to activate integrins.
Emotion management and workplace status: consequences for well-being

Although originally thought to be performed primarily in service occupations, emotion management is important in many types of work. Since emotion management has been linked to psychological consequences, it is important to identify the conditions under which workers manage their emotions and when and how managing emotions has negative effects. In this paper, the antecedents and consequences of emotion management in the workplace are investigated using survey data from respondents working in several jobs for an American University. The findings indicate that the amount of emotion management a worker performs depends on the worker's status within the workplace. In addition, managing emotions at work is psychologically distressing for workers when it increases feelings of estrangement from their true selves and real feelings.
Barren inflorescence1 Functions in Organogenesis During Vegetative and Inflorescence Development in Maize

Maize (Zea mays) has a highly branched inflorescence due to the production of different types of axillary meristems. Characterization of the barren inflorescence class of mutants has led to the discovery of genes required for axillary meristem initiation in the inflorescence. Previous studies showed that barren inflorescence2 (bif2) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates auxin transport, and barren stalk1 (ba1) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that acts downstream of auxin transport. Here, we characterize Barren inflorescence1 (Bif1), a classical semidominant mutation of maize. Developmental, histological, and genetic analyses show that Bif1 mutants are defective in the initiation of all axillary meristems in the inflorescence. Real time RT–PCR experiments show that both bif2 and ba1 are expressed at lower levels in Bif1 mutants. Double-mutant analyses demonstrate that Bif1 exhibits an epistatic interaction with ba1 and a synergistic interaction with bif2. The dramatic phenotypic enhancement observed in Bif1; bif2 double mutants implies that bif1 plays an overlapping role with bif2 in the initiation of lateral organs during vegetative development. The phenotypic resemblance of Bif1 to bif2 mutants and the reduction of auxin transport in Bif1 mutants suggest that bif1 functions as a regulator of auxin transport in maize.
Assessment of New Culture Method for Detection of Borrelia Species from Serum of Lyme Disease Patients

ABSTRACT A novel method of culturing spirochetes from the serum of U.S. Lyme disease patients was recently reported by Sapi and colleagues to have 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity for Borrelia species as assessed by microscopy and DNA sequence analysis of the pyrG gene (E. Sapi, N. Pabbati, A. Datar, E. M. Davies, A. Rattelle, and B. A. Kuo, Int. J. Med. Sci. 10:362–376, 2013). The majority of the spirochetes described were related by pyrG sequences to species of Borrelia previously undetected in North American patients without a reported history of travel to Europe or Asia. To better understand these unexpected findings, we determined pyrG sequences of the laboratory reference strains used by the investigators for method development and testing of culture medium. Eighty percent (41/51) of the reported patient-derived pyrG sequences were identical to one of the laboratory strains, and an additional 12% (6/51) differed by only a single nucleotide across a 603-bp region of the pyrG gene. Thus, false positivity due to laboratory contamination of patient samples cannot be ruled out, and further validation of the proposed novel culture method is required.
BIST TPG for SRAM cluster interconnect testing at board level

A Built-In Self-Test (BIST) methodology and a test pattern generation (TPG) architecture for testing static random access memory (SRAM) interconnect at board level via IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan (BS) Architecture are presented. Due to the expense and complexity of BS circuitry the widely-used SRAMs on most modern telecommunication circuit boards seldom contain BS architecture. (We call such non-boundary scan ICs cluster-ICs.) Hence, a methodology that tests the large numbers of board-level interconnects at the control, address, and data lines of cluster SRAMs is necessary. This is especially essential for board-level interconnect BIST which is used not only for manufacturing testing but also for system testing after integration. Newly identified prohibited conditions, which enable re-arrangement and merger of tests, are incorporated into test conditions for SRAM cluster interconnects. These improvements have been exploited to develop an efficient test procedure that is suitable for BIST. The proposed BIST methodology generates TPGs that (i) guarantee the avoidance of multi-driver conflicts when testing via BSA, (ii) guarantee the detection of all testable SRAM cluster interconnect faults, (iii) have low area overhead, and (iv) have short test lengths.
The Biphasic Calcium Dose-Response Curve for Parathyroid Hormone Secretion in Electropermeabilized Adult Bovine Parathyroid Cells

Abstract We have used the method of electropermeabilization to measure the dependence of PTH secretion on internal calcium concentration in adult bovine parathyroid cells. The dose-response curve is biphasic, with a peak at 10−7 M calcium. This result differs significantly from the dose-response curves that have been determined by this method for many other secretory systems, where secretion requires much more calcium and the dependence of secretion on calcium is monotonic. Guanine nucleotide analogs did not modify the calcium dose-response curve of PTH secretion in the electropermeabilized parathyroid cells. The unique properties of adult parathyroid cell secretion are analogous to the unique properties of parathyroid calcium-activated potassium channels, which differ from calcium- activated potassium channels of other cells in that they open at unusually low calcium concentrations and have a peak open probability at about 10−7 M calcium. We suggest that the opening of these channels in secretory vesicle...
The Effects of Inhalation of Grain Dust Extract and Endotoxin on Upper and Lower Airways

To characterize the short-term effects of grain dusts on pulmonary function, mucosal inflammation, and systemic responses, four women and three men inhaled nebulized corn and soybean dust extracts, endotoxin diluted with Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), and HBSS. Subjects were volunteers recruited via newspaper advertisement and were required to be healthy, nonasthmatic, nonatopic never-smokers. The mean age was 26.9 years (range, 19 to 36 years). Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, each subject was challenged with each of the 4 substances with at least 10 days between challenges. Serial spirometry, peripheral blood leukocyte and differential cell counts, and 24-h postchallenge nasal lavages were performed. Extracts were produced by mixing 3 g of the corn or soybean dust with 30 ml HBSS followed by shaking for 60 min, centrifugation, then filter sterilization. The endotoxin solution was produced by mixing lyophilized Escherichia coli endotoxin (serotype 0111:B4) with HBSS to attain a final concentration of 7 mg/L, which was the same as the concentration of endotoxin in both grain dust solutions. The pH of all solutions and unmixed HBSS was adjusted to 5.8, which was the native pH of the soybean dust extract. Subjects were challenged with 0.08 ml/kg of each substance, resulting in a range of endotoxin doses of 30 to 60 micrograms, similar to that which a worker might inhale over the course of one workshift. The lowest mean percentage baseline FEV1 (+/- SD) after inhalation challenge was 99.2 +/- 2.1 for HBSS, and it was significantly lower for endotoxin (90.1 +/- 8.5, p = 0.03), corn dust extract (93.1 +/- 4.3, p = 0.02), and soybean dust extract (96.2 +/- 3.7, p = 0.03). In addition, a peripheral blood leukocytosis developed after exposure to all three endotoxin-containing solutions (p < 0.05), yet a lower peripheral blood lymphocyte count was found only after inhalation of corn dust extract (p = 0.02). Interestingly, this was associated with a higher nasal lavage lymphocyte count after inhalation of corn dust extract (p = 0.03). Neither the decrease in peripheral blood lymphocytes nor the increase in nasal lymphocytes were found after inhalation of soybean dust extract or endotoxin. Our results indicate that extracts of grain dusts have physiologic effects similar to endotoxin. However, in spite of the same endotoxin levels, the effects of corn dust extract appear to have different biologic activity than either soybean dust extract or endotoxin.
A generalized audit simulation tool for evaluating the reliability of internal controls

. The study and evaluation of internal control requires an auditor to analyze all key controls and control relationships included in each major transaction cycle. Gaining the requisite level of understanding can become a formidable task where complex systems with intricate control relationships, computer-based accounting systems, or systems with suspected collusion, are involved. This study describes an audit simulation model which is designed to assist auditors in evaluating and documenting the reliability of complex internal control systems. The proposed simulation extends previous ones in two primary respects. First, dependencies between error and control processes can be modeled, which allows an auditor to investigate the effects of collusion on system reliability and final balance error amounts. Second, the simulation is an interactive computer model which can be tailored to different client applications without the need for programming knowledge. An application of the simulation approach in a typical payroll cycle is described. Resume. L'etude et l'evaluation du controle interne necessitent de la part du verificateur d'analyser l'ensemble des controles-cle et les liens entre les controles compris dans chaque cycle d'operation important. L'obtention du niveau de comprehension requis peut s'averer une tâche enorme lorsque le praticien etudie des systemes a interrelations complexes, des systemes comptables informatises ou des systemes ou la collusion est soupconnee. Cette etude decrit un modele de simulation en verification destine a aider les verificateurs dans l'evaluation et la documentation de la fiabilite de systemes de controle interne complexes. La simulation proposee constitue un prolongement de simulations precedentes sous deux aspects primordiaux. En premier lieu, les dependances entre les processus d'erreur et de controle peuvent etre modelees, ce qui permet au verificateur d'examiner les effets de la collusion sur la fiabilite des systemes et les montants des erreurs dans les soldes finals. En deuxieme lieu, la simulation est un modele informatise interactif qui peut etre adapte aux diverses applications d'une entreprise sans avoir a posseder des connaissances en programmation. Un exemple d'application de cette approche de simulation, dans le contexte d'un cycle de paye, est presente.
History of Music Therapy Treatment Interventions for Children with Autism

The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the history of music therapy research and treatment of children with autism. Understanding such history is important in order to improve clinical efficacy and inform future research. This paper includes a history of autism diagnosis, reviews strengths and limitations of music therapy practice with children with autism from 1940-2009, and suggests direction for future music therapy research and clinical practice with this population. Literature was limited to the English language and obtained with the following search terms: autism, autistic, (early) infantile autism, child, therapeutic music, musical therapy, and music therapy. Table of contents from music therapy journals were searched, and reference lists from obtained articles were perused for additional articles. This historical review focused primarily on journal articles, however, books and book chapters that appeared to hold particular historical significance were also included.
The Role of “Common Sense” In the Hermeneutics of Moses Stuart

The first decades of the nineteenth century saw a resurgence of interest in critical biblical studies in the United States. Though many colonial religious leaders were well trained in the area of biblical studies because of their European educations, this field of study declined to a very low state in America in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth-century revival of biblical studies in America, led by scholars such as Edward Robinson, William E. Channing, Andrews Norton, and Moses Stuart, was a homegrown, broad-based movement that ran the gamut of theological positions from conservative Calvinist to Unitarian. One unique feature of this movement was its interest in the biblical criticism of German writers; indeed, many works of German scholarship were translated into English by these American writers long before they achieved circulation in England. The resulting American biblical scholarship flourished not only at seminaries and divinity schools, but also on more practical levels. Edward Robinson, for example, led an expedition to the Middle East to study the geography and antiquities of the Holy Land. This scholarship was also tied to the prevalent missionary impulse, resulting in the translation of the Bible into many additional languages, especially those of the Middle and Far Eastern missionary fields.
Exploring SOI device structures and interconnect architectures for low-power high-performance circuits

Vertical integration technology offers numerous advantages over conventional structures. Double-gate transistors can be easily fabricated for better device characteristics, and multiple device layers can be vertically stacked for better interconnect performance. In the paper, the authors explore the suitable device structures and interconnect architectures for multi-device-layer three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits and study how 3D silicon-on-insulator (SOI) circuits can better meet the performance and power dissipation requirements projected by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for future technology generations. Results demonstrate that double-gate SOI circuits can achieve as much as 20% performance gain and 30% power delay product reduction over single-gate SOI. More important, for interconnect-dominated circuits, 3D integration offers significant performance improvement. Compared to 2D integration, most 3D circuits can be clocked at much higher frequencies (double or even triple). 3D circuits, with suitable SOI device structures, can be a viable solution for future low-power high-performance applications.
Responsiveness of Students With Language Difficulties to Early Intervention in Reading

For children with language challenges, little is known about effective early reading interventions, because most studies have used language scores as exclusionary criteria. We randomly assigned 78 kindergartners with poor language skills to small group reading interventions that included phonemic awareness, alphabetic understanding, and oral language. The groups began in September or mid-February. Nearly half the students were English learners. MANOVA between these groups found that earlier intervention led to significantly better outcomes than the same interventions begun later in kindergarten. We found similar rates of growth between students who were English only or English learners. Twice as many students in the immediate as in the delayed treatment scored in the average range at the end of the year. Pretests did not predict who would be a good or poor responder to the treatments; however, January scores in letter knowledge and phonemic awareness were reliably different for good and poor responders.
Alternative method for determining the constant offset in lidar signal

We present an alternative method for determining the total offset in lidar signal created by a daytime background-illumination component and electrical or digital offset. Unlike existing techniques, here the signal square-range-correction procedure is initially performed using the total signal recorded by lidar, without subtraction of the offset component. While performing the square-range correction, the lidar-signal monotonic change due to the molecular component of the atmosphere is simultaneously compensated. After these corrections, the total offset is found by determining the slope of the above transformed signal versus a function that is defined as a ratio of the squared range and two molecular scattering components, the backscatter and transmittance. The slope is determined over a far end of the measurement range where aerosol loading is zero or, at least, minimum. An important aspect of this method is that the presence of a moderate aerosol loading over the far end does not increase dramatically the error in determining the lidar-signal offset. The comparison of the new technique with a conventional technique of the total-offset estimation is made using simulated and experimental data. The one-directional and multiangle measurements are analyzed and specifics in the estimate of the uncertainty limits due to remaining shifts in the inverted lidar signals are discussed. The use of the new technique allows a more accurate estimate of the signal constant offset, and accordingly, yields more accurate lidar-signal inversion results.
Compensatory defects associated with mutations in Hoxa1 restore normal palatogenesis to Hoxa2 mutants

The rhombencephalic neural crest play several roles in craniofacial development. They give rise to the cranial sensory ganglia and much of the craniofacial skeleton, and are vital for patterning of the craniofacial muscles. The loss of Hoxa1 or Hoxa2 function affects the development of multiple neural crest-derived structures. To understand how these two genes function together in craniofacial development, an allele was generated that disrupts both of these linked genes. Some of the craniofacial defects observed in the double mutants were additive combinations of those that exist in each of the single mutants, indicating that each gene functions independently in the formation of these structures. Other defects were found only in the double mutants demonstrating overlapping or synergistic functions. We also uncovered multiple defects in the attachments and trajectories of the extrinsic tongue and hyoid muscles in Hoxa2 mutants. Interestingly, the abnormal trajectory of two of these muscles, the styloglossus and the stylohyoideus, blocked the attachment of the hyoglossus to the greater horn of the hyoid, which in turn correlated exactly with the presence of cleft palate in Hoxa2 mutants. We suggest that the hyoglossus, whose function is to depress the lateral edges of the tongue, when unable to make its proper attachment to the greater horn of the hyoid, forces the tongue to adopt an abnormal posture which blocks closure of the palatal shelves. Unexpectedly, in Hoxa1/Hoxa2 double mutants, the penetrance of cleft palate is dramatically reduced. We show that two compensatory defects, associated with the loss of Hoxa1 function, restore normal attachment of the hyoglossus to the greater horn thereby allowing the palatal shelves to lift and fuse above the flattened tongue. SUMMARY
Augmented Reality: Designing Immersive Experiences that Maximize Consumer Engagement

Abstract Innovative marketers can now leverage augmented reality to craft immersive brand experiences, create more interactive advertising, and enable consumers to experience products and spaces in novel ways. Augmented reality (AR) is the practice of displaying digital information over people's real-time view of objects, people, or spaces in the physical world. While AR can play a valuable role in integrated marketing programs, little is known about the practice and how to execute effective AR programs in the marketplace. We address this gap by presenting a framework that describes the active and passive ingredients of augmented reality. We then describe the basic design decisions that marketers need to make when planning an augmented reality campaign. In addition, we explain how understanding and addressing the dynamics between various active and passive AR ingredients can help marketers to optimize their AR campaigns and enhance various types of consumer engagement: user-brand engagement, user-user engagement, and user-bystander engagement. Through our framework and analysis, we develop eight actionable recommendations—described with the acronym ENTANGLE—marketing managers can use to design immersive AR experiences that maximize consumer engagement.
Branching fractions of the product NO(A 2Σ+, ν=0, 1) and NO (B2Πr, ν=0) emissions observed as a function of ν′ in the energy transfer reaction N2(A3Σ+u, ν′) + NO (X2Πr, ν″=0)

Abstract Branching fractions are determined for the product NO(A 2 Σ + , ν = 0, 1 and 2) and NO(B 2 Π r , ν = 0) emissions as a function of ν ′ in the title reaction. Using the NO(A 2 Π + , ν′ = 0–2 → X 2 Π r , ν″) γ, Δν = ν′ – ν″ = −4, −5 and −6 and the NO(B 2 Π r , ν′ = 0 → X 2 Π r , ν″), β, Δν = −6 and −7 band intensities we determine the ratio of γ 0 / β 0 = N A, ν ′ = 0 / N B, ν ′ = 0 = 0.65 ± 0.02 and 0.099 ± 0.004 (1σ) for the energy transfer reactions CO(a 3 Π, ν′ = 0) + NO(X 2 Π r , ν ″ = 0) and CO(a 3 Π, ν′ ⩽ 3) + NO(X 2 Π r , ν″ = 0) , respectively. The NO(A) and NO(B) product distributions from the title reaction are compared with the energy transfer reaction N 2 ( A 3 Σ u + , ν′) + NO(X 2 Π r ) .
Establishing A Certified Financial Planner™ Program At A Regional University

This paper discusses the process of establishing a Certified Financial Planner™ program at a regional state university as well as the benefits of such a practical program for students. In 2003 the financial planning curriculum at Eastern Illinois University became board registered by the Certified Financial Planner™ Board. Students take five courses covering taxation, insurance, investments, retirement planning, and estate planning. This curriculum satisfies the requirements to sit for the Certified Financial Planner™ [CFP®] exam. Recent students of our program have obtained good jobs primarily in the area of retirement planning and investments.
A comparison of the effects of mezlocillin and carbenicillin on haemostasis in volunteers

Mezlocillin and carbenicillin were administered intravenously to healthy male volunteers, for six days each, in a double-blind crossover study. Tests to detect abnormalities in haemostasis were performed before, during and after administration. Platelet aggregation studies indicated that both antibiotics interfered with platelet aggregation and secretion resulting in prolonged bleeding times. The effect was dose related and rapidly reversible after discontinuation of the antibiotics. It always occurred earlier and was more profound with carbenicillin than with mezlocillin (P = 0.008). Bleeding times greater than 15 min were observed in 17% of volunteers who received 18 g/day of mezlocillin and 83% of volunteers who received 18 g/day of carbenicillin (P less than 0.05). There were no abnormalities in the coagulation cascade. The risk of acquiring an antibiotic-induced clinical bleeding disorder is lower with mezlocillin than with carbenicillin.
La lectura posmoderna de Carlos Fuentes en Los hijos del conquistador sobre Suárez de Peralta

Carlos Fuentes da voz, en Los hijos del conquistador, a los dos hijos de nombre Martin de Hernan Cortes. Buena parte de su relato es un intertexto del Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias y su conquista de Suarez de Peralta, autor criollo novohispano del siglo xvi. Aqui se examinan las variantes que introduce Fuentes al texto de Suarez de Peralta, asi como las tecnicas literarias posmodernas que emplea para establecer entre su texto y el otro una relacion hipertexto-hipotexto en sentido genettiano. In Los hijos del conquistador, Carlos Fuentes gives voice to two sons, both named Martin de Hernan Cortes. A large part of the narrative is an intertext with Tratado del descubrimiento de las Indias y su conquista by Suarez de Peralta, a sixteenth-century New Spain-Criollo author. In this essay, I examine the variants introduced by Fuentes to Suarez de Peralta’s text, such as the postmodern literary techniques that Fuentes engages to establish a relationship of hypertext-hipotext, in the Genettian sense, between the two texts.
Pharmacist-Led Chronic Disease Management: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness and Harms Compared With Usual Care

This comprehensive review involving 65 patient populations examined the benefits and harms of pharmacist-led chronic disease management for community-dwelling adults. It found that pharmacist-led c...
Analysis of Superiority of 20kV Power Distribution Network and Study of Its Application

In order to ensure sustainable development of national economy it is clearly specified that the energy consumption per unit GDP in the period of "the 11th Five-Year Plan" shall be about 20% lower than that at the end of the period of "the 10th Five-Year Plan" in the country.At the present time the 10kV power distribution network is unable to properly satisfy the increasing demand of power load due to limit of its own characteristics.The 20kV power distribution network can remedy the technical defect of the 10kV power distribution network and is featured by less investment and less network losses,enjoying economical advantage,which can not only solve the current shortage problem of power supply of the network but also help saving of energy and reducing of losses.However,the country makes slow progress in establishment and implementation of the 20kV power distribution network.The paper has put forward constructive proposals for implementation of the 20kV power distribution network based on discussion about the difficulties in implementation of the 20kV power distribution network so as to promote implementation of the 20kV power distribution network.
Review: little evidence supports the efficacy of major commercial and organized self-help weight loss programs.

Source Citation Tsai AG, Wadden TA. Systematic review: an evaluation of major commercial weight loss programs in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:56-66. 15630109
Conservation in the Nineteenth Century

Since the turn of the 20th century, restoration has changed so dramatically that the field has adopted a new name: conservation. This change of terminology is intended to signal the use of new meth...