cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
[Prosthodontic specialty training in the United States: what can we learn].

Prosthodontics is one of the nine recognized specialties by American Dental Association. The postgraduate prosthodontic program used to train prosthodontic specialists in U S A started about 70 years ago. Compared to China which just launched the dental residency programs, the programs in U S A have more developed and relatively more mature education system. It is worthwhile for China to study and learn the U S A prosthodontic residency education program. Prosthodontics is a specialty to diagnose and treat complex dental problems, and is often considered as the 'orchestrator’ directing and coordinating all the other dental specialists to manage complex situations. This specialty plays an important role in a nation's oral health system. The present article is aimed to introduce the history of US prosthodontic residency program, initial accreditation, curriculum, education standards and mechanisms of the residency program, and how the program is monitored and managed post initial accreditation, with the hope that this system can serve as a reference for China's developing its own residency program. Key words: Dentistry; Prosthodontics; Postgraduate prosthodontic program
Did the Climate Forecast System Anticipate the 2015 Caribbean Drought

AbstractIn groundwater-limited settings, such as Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands, societal, ecological, and agricultural water needs depend on regular rainfall. Though long-range numerical ...
Does Use of Emotion Increase Donations and Volunteers for Nonprofits

Nonprofits offer services to disadvantaged populations, mobilize collective action, and advocate for civil rights. Conducting this work requires significant resources, raising the question: how do ...
Salt Lake City Public Library, the City Library: “To Advance Knowledge, Foster Creativity, Encourage Exchange of Ideas, Build Community, and Enhance Quality of Life”

This chapter will describe the Salt Lake City Library main branch. “The City Library” is represented as “a dynamic civic resource that promotes free and open access to information, materials and services to all members of the community to advance knowledge, foster creativity, encourage the exchange of ideas, build community and enhance the quality of life” (The City Library website, https://about.slcpl.org/mission). The library was designed by Moshe Safdie with VCBO Architecture as the local firm and opened to the public in 2003. Its modern architecture has received great reception from the public and is a source of pride to the urban identity of Salt Lake City. This chapter will focus on a description of the Salt Lake City Public Library design and mission that contributes to a better understanding of the library’s role within Salt Lake City and its community-oriented programming.
Is Chevron Inconsistent with the APA

Many people believe that the Chevron framework, calling for judicial deference to reasonable agency interpretations of ambiguous statutory provisions, is fatally inconsistent with section 706 of the Administrative Procedure Act. An investigation of the historical context shows that this belief is incorrect. There is no indication that the provision was generally understood, in the 1940s and 1950s, to require independent judicial judgments about questions of law.
Family Caregiver Partnerships in Palliative Care Research Design and Implementation.

* Abbreviations: IRB — : institutional review board PPC — : pediatric palliative care Patient- and family-centered care “is an innovative approach to the planning, delivery, and evaluation of health care that is grounded in a mutually beneficial partnership among patients, families, and providers that recognizes the importance of the family in the patient’s life.”1 Similarly, family partnerships in pediatric palliative care (PPC) research represent an innovative approach to the planning, delivery, and evaluation of research that is grounded in mutually beneficial relationships that recognize the importance of the family caregiver perspective. The goal of partnered research or study teams is to synthesize the unique perspectives of family caregivers, clinicians, regulatory representatives, and researchers to strengthen research design and implementation. This is accomplished by each unique stakeholder speaking from their own perspective, contributing what they know, and working together to integrate perspectives. The process of moving from just inviting family caregivers to be research subjects to actually engaging with family caregivers as … Address correspondence to Meaghann S. Weaver, MD, MPH, FAAP, Hand in Hand/Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, 8200 Dodge St, Omaha, NE 68198. E-mail: meweaver{at}childrensomaha.org
Cybersecurity policy and the Trump administration

This article evaluates the conditions under which national cybersecurity policy changes or remains stable. Consistent with theories of policy and bureaucratic inertia, particularly punctuated equil...
Association of Hospital Telestroke Adoption With Changes in Initial Hospital Presentation and Transfers Among Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks.

Importance It has been proposed that the implementation of telestroke services (a web-based approach to using video telecommunication to treat patients with stroke before hospital admission) changes where patients with stroke symptoms receive care, but this proposal has not been rigorously assessed. Objective To assess whether the implementation of telestroke services is associated with changes in where and how patients initially present with stroke symptoms, in their decision to be transferred to another hospital, and which hospitals they are transferred to. Design, setting, and participants This cross-sectional study compared changes in stroke systems of care between a sample of 593 US hospitals that adopted telestroke during the period from 2009 to 2016 but were not comprehensive stroke centers, major teaching hospitals, or thrombectomy-capable hospitals vs 593 matched control hospitals without telestroke based on rural location, critical access hospital status, bed size, primary stroke center status, presence of hospital alternatives in the community, hospital stroke volume, census region, and ownership. With the use of data on 100% of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, all stroke and transient ischemic attack admissions from 2008 to 2018 were identified. Exposures For each hospital pair (telestroke plus matched control), the telestroke hospital's implementation date and difference-in-differences approach were used to quantify the association between telestroke implementation and changes in care from 2 years before implementation to 2 years after implementation. Models also controlled for differences in observed patient characteristics. Main outcomes and measures Hospital stroke volume, patients' ambulance transport distance to initial hospital, hospital case mix, interhospital transfer proportion, and size of the receiving hospital for transferred patients. Results Of the 669 telestroke hospitals and 2143 potential control hospitals, 593 hospital pairs were matched; in each category, 261 hospitals (44.0%) were located in a rural area, 179 (30.2%) were primary stroke centers, and 130 (21.9%) were critical access hospitals. The changes in the preimplementation to postimplementation period were similar at telestroke and control hospitals in mean annual stroke volume (telestroke hospitals, decreased from 79.6 to 76.3 patients; control hospitals, decreased from 78.8 to 75.5 patients [-3.3 patients per year for both; difference-in-differences, 0.009; P ≥ .99]). Similarly, no differences were seen in ambulance transport distance, case mix, interhospital transfers, or bed size of receiving hospitals among transferred patients. Conclusions and relevance This study suggests that, across a national sample of hospitals implementing telestroke, no association between telestroke adoption and changes in stroke systems of care were found.
Radioiodine therapy in pediatric and adolescence with well differentiated thyroid cancer

1403 Objectives Thyroid carcinoma is unusual in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study is to review our experience with radioiodine therapy (RIT)in different types of thyroid cancer in the pediatric population. Methods The medical records of patients with thyroid cancer younger than 21 years who presented to nuclear medicine department between April 2001 and December 2010 and received RIT were reviewed. Results Twenty one patients (15 F, 6 M; 19 Caucasian, 1 Asian and 1 African American) were identified. Ten patients had conventional papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 8 follicular variant of PTC, 1 tall cell variant of PTC, and 2 follicular thyroid cancer (1 minimally invasive, 1 invasive). The mean age at diagnosis was 17 ± 4 years (range 8-21).All patients underwent bilateral thyroidectomy with average tumor sizes 3.0 ± 2.3 cm. Among the 14 patients who had initial neck dissections, 11 patients (78%) had regional lymph node metastases. Two patients presented with distant metastases, one to the lung and other one to the lung and brain(9.5%). Patients received 131-I ablation post surgically with a dose 82 ± 31 mCi. Seven patients (33%) were subsequently found to have residual disease (n=5) or recurrence (n=2) in the cervical lymph nodes, thyroid bed, lung and brain which necessitated additional surgery in 3 patients for neck dissection, and further RIT in all 7 patients (average second dose 51 ± 63 mCi). Two patients , 1 with persistent elevated thyroglobulin level and 1 with persistent pulmonary metastases received a third RIT with a total dose of 417 and 505 mci, respectively. Average follow-up was 7.7 years and all patients except one (with brain mets) were disease free at their last follow up. Conclusions Among children and adolescents with well differentiated thyroid cancer, cervical lymph node metastases are common on presentation and residual disease/recurrence is present in one-third after initial surgery and 131-I ablation therapy, however with 131-I therapy over 95% of patients are disease free in follow up
Student Scientist Partnerships: Shrewd Maneuvers

It is the very strangeness of nature that makes science engrossing, that keeps bright people at it, and that ought to be at the center of science teaching. I believe that the worst thing that has happened to science education is that the great fun has gone out of it—Very few see science as the high adventure it really is, the wildest of all explorations ever taken by human beings, the chance to catch close views of things never seen before, the shrewdest maneuver for discovering how the world works. (Thomas, 1981)
Reagentless Biosensors Based on Nanoparticles

The sections in this article are Introduction Surface Dielectric Enhancement Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance Carbon Nanotube and Silicon Nanowire Enhanced Conductivity Advantages and Caveats Catalytic Activation Electrocatalytic Detection Catalytically Enabled Optical and Magnetic Detection Advantages and Caveats Biomolecule Conformational Modulated Effects Biosensors Based on DNA Conformation Changes Biosensors Based on Protein Conformation Changes Conclusion Acknowledgments
Topography of Interaural Temporal Disparity Coding in Projections of Medial Superior Olive to Inferior Colliculus

Neurons in the medial superior olive encode interaural temporal disparity, and their receptive fields indicate the location of a sound source in the azimuthal plane. It is often assumed that the projections of these neurons transmit the receptive field information about azimuth from point to point, much like the projections of the retina to the brain transmit the position of a visual stimulus. Yet this assumption has never been verified. Here, we use physiological and anatomical methods to examine the projections of the medial superior olive to the inferior colliculus for evidence of a spatial topography that would support transmission of azimuthal receptive fields. The results show that this projection does not follow a simple point-to-point topographical map of receptive field location. Thus, the representation of sound location along the azimuth in the inferior colliculus most likely relies on a complex, nonlinear map.
Alteration of tyrosine aminotransferase turnover in rat liver following glucocorticoid administration.

Abstract Tyrosine aminotransferase in adrenalectomized male rat liver was pulse labeled with uniformly labeled 14C-l-leucine. Biopsy samples from livers of control and hormone-treated animals were taken at intervals up to 8 hours following radioactive leucine administration. The specific radioactivity of tyrosine aminotransferase was measured by precipitating the enzyme with rabbit anti-tyrosine aminotransferase antiserum. Under basal conditions the half-time (t½) of tyrosine amino-transferase was determined to be 6.1 hours. This value is about 3½ times slower than inactivation of tyrosine amino-transferase following hormone induction (t½ = 1.7 hours). The apparent half-time of tyrosine aminotransferase during induction with triamcinolone was 11.7 hours. Total soluble liver protein had a t½ of about 75 to 84 hours when determined in a double labeling experiment with 14C-guanido-labeled l-arginine and 3H-l-leucine, respectively. Possible factors responsible for the relatively rapid rate of tyrosine aminotransferase turnover and its apparent alteration during and following hormone administration are discussed.
Slovenia and the second round of NATO enlargement

(2000). Slovenia and the second round of NATO enlargement. European Security: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 105-112.
A synopsis of drugs currently in preclinical and early clinical development for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease among men and significantly impacts quality of life by causing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Current medical therapies are not always adequate in controlling LUTS or slowing disease progression, and there is unmet need for new effective therapeutic options.Areas covered: The authors review the standard current medical therapies for BPH which include the use of α-1 blockers, 5-α reductase inhibitors, combination therapy and PDE inhibitors. Following this, the authors then discuss new therapies that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigation.Expert opinion: Existing preclinical and clinical trials have highlighted many promising therapies to treat BPH. Further investigation with larger clinical trials is needed to establish these drugs as standard therapies. As the number of drugs in the arsenal against BPH continues to grow, providers and patients will have to engage in a discussion that weighs the risks and be...
The innominate line.

High-resolution CT scan is used to clearly identify the components of the innominate line. Fourteen patients with abnormal innominate lines are then examined and used to illustrate the three pathological processes affecting the innominate line, namely, destruction, hyperostosis and expansion.
The motor activity of myosin-X promotes actin fiber convergence at the cell periphery to initiate filopodia formation

Filopodia are actin-rich fingerlike protrusions found at the leading edge of migrating cells and are believed to play a role in directional sensing. Previous studies have shown that myosin-X (myoX) promotes filopodia formation and that this is mediated through its ability to deliver specific cargoes to the cell periphery (Tokuo, H., and M. Ikebe. 2004. Biochem Biophys. Commun. 319:214–220; Zhang, H., J.S. Berg, Z. Li, Y. Wang, P. Lang, A.D. Sousa, A. Bhaskar, R.E. Cheney, and S. Stromblad. 2004. Nat. Cell Biol. 6:523–531; Bohil, A.B., B.W. Robertson, and R.E. Cheney. 2006. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 103:12411–12416; Zhu, X.J., C.Z. Wang, P.G. Dai, Y. Xie, N.N. Song, Y. Liu, Q.S. Du, L. Mei, Y.Q. Ding, and W.C. Xiong. 2007. Nat. Cell Biol. 9:184–192). In this study, we show that the motor function of myoX and not the cargo function is critical for initiating filopodia formation. Using a dimer-inducing technique, we find that myoX lacking its cargo-binding tail moves laterally at the leading edge of lamellipodia and induces filopodia in living cells. We conclude that the motor function of the two-headed form of myoX is critical for actin reorganization at the leading edge, leading to filopodia formation.
Leak Detection in Pipes by Frequency Response Method Using a Step Excitation

This paper presents a new procedure utilizing transient state pressures to detect leakage in piping systems. Transient flow, produced by opening or closing a valve, is analyzed in the time domain by the method of characteristics and the results are transformed into the frequency domain by the fast Fourier transform. This method is used to develop a frequency response diagram at the valve end. The frequency response diagram of a system with leaks has additional resonant pressure amplitude peaks (herein called the secondary pressure amplitude peaks) that are lower than the resonant pressure amplitude peaks for the system if there were no leaks (herein called primary amplitude peaks). The location of a leak is determined from frequencies of the primary and secondary pressure amplitude peaks and the leak discharge is determined from the maximum and minimum discharge amplitudes. This method is applicable for practical values of the friction factor over the range 0.01 to 0.025 and can be used to detect leaks in...
Surface matching and change detection using a modified Hough transformation for robust parameter estimation

De nombreuses applications des SIG et de la photogrammetrie se rapportent a des surfaces, qu'il s'agisse de modelisations urbaines, de detection des changements et d'identifications d'objets. La detection des changements passe par la recherche des differences entre deux modeles de surfaces derives de differents capteurs; il peut s'agir d'un capteur optique et d'un scanneur a laser ou d'un meme capteur saisi a deux dates successives. On peut aussi etre amene a s'interesser a des surfaces obtenues par une methode d'echantillonnage et leur appliquer par la suite d'autres traitements (par exemple. l'estimation du parametre de transformation et la detection des changements). L'appariement des surfaces devient alors un point de passage oblige pour ces applications. Cet appariement s'opere en deux phases. La premiere consiste a trouver les correspondances entre les points des deux surfaces et/ou entre les zones elementaires. La seconde necessite la determination des parametres de transformation entre ces deux surfaces. Toutefois. etant donne que la plupart des surfaces sont composees de points distincts. repartis de maniere aleatoire, eventuellement references dans des systemes differents, il faut absolument connaitre les parametres de transformation entre ces deux surfaces pour etablir ces correspondances. Reciproquement. pour determiner ces parametres de transformation, il faut connaitre la correspondance entre les deux series de points. On propose de resoudre cet appariement de surfaces en utilisant des jeux de donnees reparties de facon aleatoire, sans recourir a des interpolations sujettes a erreurs, ni necessiter des correspondances point a point entre les deux surfaces en question. On resout simultanement l'obtention des correspondances et des parametres de transformation en utilisant une transformation de Hough iterative modifiee avec estimation de sa qualite. On a mene plusieurs essais pour prouver la faisabilite et la robustesse de ce procede, y compris lorsque l'on avait affaire a un pourcentage eleve de changements.
Analytical criteria for flammability limits

The one-dimensional laminar flame equations with single-step Arrhenius kinetics, including both conduction and radiation heat loss to the surroundings, have been integrated. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic burning velocity, quenching distance, and an “apparent” flammability limit are calculated. It is shown that a fundamental flammability limit, independent of heat loss, does not exist even when radiation loss is included. The experimentally observed flammability limits are explained on the basis of the insensitivity of the critical fuel concentration for flame propagation to changes in tube diameter, when the radiation loss exceeds conduction loss. Flame thickness and inflection temperature are discussed as other possible criteria for “apparent” flammability limits. It is pointed out that safety criteria, based on flammability limits, should take into account the possible reduction of limits for very large systems. Comparison is made with experimental values, in which pressure and diluent type andconcentration are varied.
Hyperbolic systems of balance laws via vanishing viscosity

Abstract Global weak solutions of a strictly hyperbolic system of balance laws in one-space dimension are constructed by the vanishing viscosity method of Bianchini and Bressan. For global existence, a suitable dissipativeness assumption has to be made on the production term g. Under this hypothesis, the viscous approximations u ɛ , that are globally defined solutions to u t ɛ + A ( u ɛ ) u x ɛ + g ( u ɛ ) = ɛ u xx ɛ , satisfy uniform BV bounds exponentially decaying in time. Furthermore, they are stable in L 1 with respect to the initial data. Finally, as ɛ → 0 , u ɛ converges in L loc 1 to the admissible weak solution u of the system of balance laws u t + ( f ( u ) ) x + g ( u ) = 0 when A = Df .
Generation of Arbitrary Lithographic Patterns and Three-Dimensional Atomic Holograms Using BEC Interferometry

We describe two applications for Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) based atomic interferometry: generation of arbitrary lithographic patterns and three dimensional atomic holograms, using light shift induced phase masks generated from optical interferometry and digital holography.
Age-related alterations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 mRNA expression in the rat brain

Aging is accompanied by the loss of memory and cognitive functions. Recent studies indicated that extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) play an essential role in synaptic plasticity and memory. A selective activation of ERK2 has been demonstrated in the hippocampus during long-term potentiation and in different in vivo learning paradigms. In this study, we investigated age differences in the expression of ERK2 by quantitative in situ hybridization using male Fisher 344 rats 3, 12 and 25 months of age. The results show an intense expression of ERK2 mRNA in many brain regions including the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the caudate-putamen and the cerebellum. Moderate expression was found in the thalamus and the hypothalamus. No age-dependent changes in ERK2 mRNA expression were detected in most cortical areas except for a slight decreasing trend in the pyriform cortex. ERK2 mRNA expression remained stable in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region of the hippocampus during aging. However, an early decline in ERK2 mRNA level was found in the CA3 region. Several behavioral studies have provided evidence that new protein synthesis in the CA3 region is necessary for memory consolidation during the first 1–2 days after learning. ERK2 is a regulator of neuronal gene expression and hippocampal ERK2 activation has been demonstrated in vivo in different learning paradigms. Thus, the early decrease in ERK2 mRNA in the CA3 region may underlie age-related impairments in learning and memory. Acknowledgements: PO1 AG 18357 from NIH.
Trigeminal Neuralgia Associated with Sinusitis

When a patient presents with trigeminal neuralgia, one usually thinks of a vascular loop at the root entry zone of the nerve and consequently of vascular decompression. An image of sinusitis on the MRI may be considered an incidental finding. We present a case of an elderly woman who experienced severe neuralgic pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the left side following a mild upper respiratory tract infection. Routine MRI revealed severe sinusitis with no pathology in the brain. Following antibiotic treatment for the sinusitis, the symptoms of the neuralgia resolved completely and no other therapy was necessary. A review of the literature reveals a wide variety of etiologies for trigeminal neuralgia. A vascular loop compressing the nerve may be the most frequent cause of trigeminal neuralgia. Nevertheless, other etiologies must be considered prior to decompressive surgery since some can be treated medically.
Cubic‐to‐Tetragonal Displacive Transformation in Gd2O3–Bi2O3 Ceramics

Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3]-doped Bi[sub 2]O[sub 3] polycrystalline ceramics containing between 2 and 7 mol% Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3] were fabricated by pressureless sintering powder compacts. The as-sintered samples were tetragonal at room temperature. High-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) traces showed that the samples were cubic at elevated temperatures and transformed into the tetragonal polymorph during cooling. On the basis of conductivity measurements as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the cubic [r arrow] tetragonal as well as tetragonal [r arrow] cubic transition temperatures were determined as a function of Gd[sub 2]O[sub 3] concentration. The cubic [r arrow] tetragonal transformation appears to be a displacive transformation. It was observed that additions of ZrO[sub 2] as a dopant, which is known to suppress cation interdiffusion in rare-earth oxide-Bi[sub 2]O[sub 3] systems, did not suppress the transition, consistent with it being a displacive transition. Annealing of samples at temperatures [le] 660 C for several hundred hours led to decomposition into a mixture of monoclinic and rhombohedral phases. This shows that the tetragonal polymorph is a metastable phase.
Short- and Mid-Term Effects of Violent Victimization on Delinquency A Multilevel Growth-Curve Modeling Approach

The present study investigates how adolescents' experiences of violent victimization exert short- and mid-term effects on their involvement in delinquency. The study compares and contrasts delinquency trajectories of youths whose experiences of violent victimization differ. A multilevel growth-curve modeling approach is applied to analyze data from five waves of the National Youth Survey. The results show that, although delinquency involvement increases as youths experience violent victimization, delinquency trajectories differ with the type of violent victimization, specifically, parental versus non-parental victimization. Violent victimization by parents produced a sharp initial decline in delinquency (short-term effect) followed by a rapid acceleration (mid-term effect). In turn, non-parental violence showed a stable trend over time. The findings have important implications for prevention and treatment services.
Surface chemistry of PH3, PF3 and PCl3 on Ru(0001)

Abstract The adsorption, desorption and decomposition of PH 3 , PF 3 and PCl 3 on Ru(0001) have been studied by soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) using synchrotron radiation. Due to large chemical shifts in the P 2p core levels, different phosphorus containing surface species can be identified. We find that PF 3 adsorbs molecularly on Ru(0001) at 80 and 300 K. At 80 K, PH 3 saturates the surface with one layer of atomic hydrogen, elemental phosphorus, subhydride (i.e., PH x (0 x 3 , with a total phosphorus coverage of 0.4 ML. At 300 K, PH 3 decomposes into atomic hydrogen and elemental phosphorus with a phosphorus coverage of 0.8 ML. At 80 K, PCl 3 adsorbs dissociatively into atomic chlorine, elemental phosphorus, PCl and possibly PCl 2 and PCl 3 in the first monolayer. Formation of multilayers of PCl 3 is observed at 80 K. At 300 K, PCl 3 adsorbs dissociatively as atomic chlorine and elemental phosphorus with a saturation phosphorus coverage of 0.1 ML. The variation in total phosphorus uptake at 300 K from PX 3 ( X = H , F and Cl ) adsorption is a result of competition between site blocking by dissociation fragments and displacement reactions. Annealing surfaces with adsorbed phosphorus to 1000 K results in formation of Ru z P ( z = 1 or 2), which is manifested by the chemical shifts in the P2p core level, as well as the P LVV Auger transition. The recombination of adsorbed phosphorus and adsorbed X ( = H , F and Cl ) from decomposition is also observed, but is a minor reaction channel on the surface. Thermochemical data are used to analyze the different stabilities of PX 3 at 300 K, namely, PF 3 adsorbs molecularly and PH 3 and PCl 3 dissociate completely. First, we compare the heat of molecular adsorption and the heat of dissociative adsorption of PX 3 on Ru(0001), using an enthalpy approach, and find results consistent with experimental observations. Second, we compare the total bond energy difference between molecular adsorption and complete dissociation of PX 3 on Ru(0001). In particular, we apply Shustorovich's bond-order conservation-Morse potential (BOC-MP) method to estimate the heat of adsorption for PH 3 and PCl 3 and the bond energies of the relaxed P-X bonds of the adsorbed PX 3 on the surface. The bond strength difference among the relaxed P-X bonds (i.e., the relaxed P-F bond ( 475 kJ mol ) is much stronger than either the relaxed P-H bond ( 287 kJ mol ) or the relaxed P-Cl bond ( 288 kJ mol )) suggests that PF 3 is more stable than PH 3 and PCl 3 on Ru(0001) at 300 K. These values are used to evaluate the total bond energy differences between molecular adsorption and complete dissociation for each of the PX 3 , and the results agree with the experimental trends.
Eosinophilic pleural effusion and pericarditis with effusion in an allergic subject; report of a case treated with pyribenzamine.

Summary 1.A case of pleurisy and pericarditis in a hypersensitive individual is described in which the significant features were the onset with cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonitis followed by pleurisy with effusion, and pericarditis with effusion, 80 per cent eosinophiles in the cell count of the pleural fluid, failure of reaction to the antibiotics, absence of proof of viral etiology, and recovery associated with the administration of Pyribenzamine. 2.It is not known whether the recovery was spontaneous or resulted from the use of this antihistamine drug. To our knowledge this is the first report in which an attempt was made, with apparent success, to utilize the antihistamine drugs in therapy in such a case. 3.These features, with the other clinical data discussed, even without positive pathological findings or the reproduction of the clinical picture by a specific agent, seem sufficient to add this case to the accumulating literature illustrating a hyperergic etiology of cardiovascular disease. 4.In the absence of death with postmortem studies or in cases of localized arteritis involving organs not readily accessible for biopsy, histological proof is impossible and reliance must be placed on clinical evaluation.
Complexity of rupture in large strike-slip earthquakes in Turkey

Complexity of rupture propagation has an important bearing on the state of stress along the earthquake fault plane and on the prediction of strong ground motion in the near-field. By studying far-field body waveforms recorded by WWSSN long-period seismograms it has been possible to investigate the degree of complexity of several Turkish earthquakes. The results, which are obtained by matching synthetic P waveforms to observed data indicate that the July 22, 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquake (M_s = 7.1) is a complex event which can be explained by the superposition of elementary sources with variable amplitudes and source time sequence history. In this regard, it is very similar to the February 4, 1976 Guatemala earthquake (M_s = 7.5). A comparison of these two events indicates that their source-time series ranges from 5 to ca. 20 s and, regardless of the total moment of the earthquake, the moment of the individual events is bounded at around 5 × 10^(26) dyn cm. The November 24, 1976 E. Turkey earthquake (M_s = 7.3), on the other hand, has a complexity which cannot be explained by such a simple model; in this respect, it may be more similar to the Tangshan, China, earthquake and as such, may involve significant thrust, normal or other complications to its faulting mechanism than the strike-slip mechanism of the P-wave first-motion data. The source time history for the 1967 Mudurnu Valley event is used to illustrate its significance in modeling strong ground motion in the near field. The complex source-time series of the 1967 event predicts greater amplitudes (2.5 larger) in strong ground motion than a uniform model scaled to the same size for a station 20 km from the fault. Such complexity is clearly important in understanding what strong ground motion to expect in the near-field of these and other continental strike-slip faults such as the San Andreas.
Problem-Based Collaborative Projects In and Between Freshman and Sophomore Engineering Courses

This work describes our effort at the Delaware County Campus of Penn State to enhance the freshman engineering design and graphics and sophomore engineering computer programming courses by incorporating problem-based collaborative robotics projects in and between these courses. The robotics project in the engineering design and graphics course, ED&G 100, focuses on the mechanical and overall design aspect of a robot, and the projects in the engineering computer programming course, CMPSC 201, focus on the programming aspects. Lego Mindstorms and Handy Board controller have been chosen for building the robots and programming them, respectively. The collaborative projects have been designed with the intention of increasing learning, through collaboration among students and faculty. The projects also encourage teamwork by working with students from different disciplines, promote analytical skills by working to solve an open-ended problem, and provide practical experience and learning by doing through working with robots. To emphasize the importance of communication skills, at the end of the semester each team is also expected to present a report for the final project using PowerPoint. A detailed discussion of this collaborative work and the advantages and disadvantages of such an approach is discussed.© 2005 ASME
Dynamical Instability of a Doubly Quantized Vortex in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Doubly quantized vortices were topologically imprinted in /F=1> 23Na condensates, and their time evolution was observed using a tomographic imaging technique. The decay into two singly quantized vortices was characterized and attributed to dynamical instability. The time scale of the splitting process was found to be longer at higher atom density.
Adult vial bioassays of insecticidal toxicity against cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Glass vials coated with several technical insecticides were used to determine the contact toxicity of insecticides on adult laboratory-reared and field-collected cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter). For the 17 insecticides evaluated for laboratory-reared cotton fleahoppers, bifenthrin (pyrethroid), dicrotophos (organophosphate), thiamethoxam (neonicotinoid), and methomyl (carbamate) were the most toxic insecticides in their respective insecticidal classes based on LC50 values. There were significant differences between the LC50 values for the insecticides tested within each of the four insecticidal classes. There were 13-, 46-, 58-, and 31-fold differences between LC50 values for the insecticides within the pyrethroid, organophosphate, neonicotinoid, and carbarmate classes, respectively. Among fleahoppers collected from horsemint in May/June, adult vial testing showed increased susceptibility in males versus females. This difference can be attributed, at least in part, to differences in insect weights between the males and females since the females weighed significantly more than the males. Data presented herein provide a measure of acute potency of various insecticides against P. seriatus and serve as a measure of inherent relative differences between the insecticides. Baseline data will be useful for future comparison should suspicion of tolerance to these insecticides develop in field populations. These data are also important in comparing results from laboratory and field studies with cotton fleahoppers.
Optical dichroism in ZrSe3 layer-type materials

Abstract Basal plane normal incidence reflectivity spectra have been obtained for the monoclinic, “quasi”-one-dimensional layer-type single crystals of ZrS3 and ZrSe3, at room temperature, using plane polarized light, with E ⊥ b and E∥b configurations of polarization, from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet region. A Kramers-Kronig analysis of the ZrSe3 reflectivity data has been performed and the results are presented. Both compounds are found to exhibit pronounced dichroism throughout their interband transition regions. We attribute this optical dichroism or basal plane optical anisotropy to the monoclinic symmetry of these materials. Excitonic-like peaks observed in the intrinsic absorption edge energy range on the reflectivity and optical parameters (α(E), ϵ1(E) and ϵ2(E)) spectra of ZrSe3( Zr(Se2)(Se)) are assigned as due to optical excitations of the Se2 groups within the electronic bonding of ZrSe3. A schematic band model for ZrSe3, showing these Se2 groups, is proposed.
Anterior and nasal transposition of the inferior oblique muscles.

Abstract Background When performing anterior transposition of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle, placement of the posterior suture close to the lateral border of insertion of the inferior rectus (IR) muscle decreases the incidence of antielevation syndrome (AES). We hypothesized that placement of the suture nasal to the IR muscle insertion will convert the IO muscle into an intorter and depressor. Here we present the first series of results obtained with a new procedure for the treatment of elevation in adduction with extorsion and abnormal head postures. Methods Twenty patients with IO muscle overaction, superior oblique (SO) muscle palsy, absent SO muscles, AES, or Duane syndrome were studied. Before surgery, each patient showed at least one, but often more, of the following signs: elevation in adduction, exotropia (XT) in up gaze, abnormal head posture, and extorsion. Each underwent anterior and nasal transposition (ANT) of the IO muscle, with the new insertion typically 2 mm nasal and 2 mm posterior to the nasal border of the IR muscle insertion. Results Large improvements in ocular alignment, extorsion, and head posture were found in most patients. However, a poor result was noted in a patient with Y-pattern XT, who developed a mild amount of comitant XT after an extreme degree of ANT (4 mm nasal and 3 mm anterior to the nasal border of the IR muscle insertion). In Duane syndrome, ANT corrects upshoot, but downshoot may get worse. Mersilene permanent sutures, rather than dissolving suture materials, are recommended to avoid postoperative retraction of muscle fibers. Conclusions ANT converts the IO muscle into an intorter and tonic depressor and can significantly improve elevation in adduction. This procedure seems particularly useful in patients with severe or recurrent congenital and acquired SO palsies, particularly as a secondary procedure. Extreme ANT may induce exotropia in the primary position.
Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Symptom Severity: Stress Management Skills are Related to Lower Illness Burden.

Background: The onset of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) typically involves reductions in activities of daily living and social interactions (jointly referred to as “illness burden”). Emotional distress has been linked to increased reported symptoms, and stress management skills have been related to lower fatigue severity in CFS patients. Symptom severity and illness burden are highly correlated. The ability to manage stress may attenuate this relationship, allowing individuals to feel less burdened by the illness independent of the severity of their symptoms. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate if perceived stress management skills affect illness burden via emotional distress, independent of ME/CFS symptom severity. Methods: A total of 117 adults with ME/CFS completed measures of perceived stress management skills, emotional distress, ME/CFS symptom severity, and illness burden. Results: Regression analyses revealed that greater perceived stress management skills related to ...
Monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4; CCL-13): a biomarker of asthma.

Airway expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-4 (MCP-4; CCL-13) is known to be increased in asthmatic airways where it is induced by proallergic cytokines, but the relationship of its systemic expression to asthma and naturally occurring exacerbations is unknown. We determined plasma levels of MCP-4 in 356 individuals with chronic-stable asthma and 240 normal subjects and compared plasma levels of MCP-4 in 30 patients who presented for emergent treatment of asthma with levels in 90 subjects with chronic-stable asthma matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Median plasma MCP-4 levels were higher in patients with chronic-stable asthma than in normal subjects (399 vs. 307 pg/mL) (p 218 pg/mL were at increased risk of asthma (p < 0.001 odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.22-4.79). Logistic regression identified MCP-4 as an independent predictor of asthma diagnosis. The MCP-4 levels are higher in individuals with an acute asthma exacerbation than in subjects with chronic-stable asthma (513 vs. 355 pg/mL) (p = 0.002). The MCP-4 is a systemically expressed biomarker that independently predicts susceptibility to asthma and is directly associated with exacerbations. Elevated MCP-4 levels identify a group of asthmatics with systemic evidence of allergic inflammation who may be at risk for exacerbations or may benefit from abrogation of MCP-4.
Limitations of TaqMan PCR for Detecting Divergent Viral Pathogens Illustrated by Hepatitis A, B, C, and E Viruses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Recent events illustrate the imperative to rapidly and accurately detect and identify pathogens during disease outbreaks, whether they are natural or engineered. Particularly for our primary goal of detecting bioterrorist releases, detection techniques must be both species-wide (capable of detecting all known strains of a given species) and species specific. Due to classification restrictions on the publication of data for species that may pose a bioterror threat, we illustrate the challenges of finding such assays using five nonthreat organisms that are nevertheless of public health concern: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and four species of hepatitis viruses. Fluorogenic probe-based PCR assays (TaqMan; Perkin-Elmer Corp., Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) may be sensitive, fast methods for the identification of species in which the genome is conserved among strains, such as hepatitis A virus. For species such as HIV, however, the strains are highly divergent. We use computational methods to show that nine TaqMan primer and probe sequences, or signatures, are needed to ensure that all strains will be detected, but this is an unfeasible number, considering the cost of TaqMan probes. Strains of hepatitis B, C, and E viruses show intermediate divergence, so that two to three TaqMan signatures are required to detect all strains of each virus. We conclude that for species such as hepatitis A virus with high levels of sequence conservation among strains, signatures can be found computationally for detection by the TaqMan assay, which is a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method. However, for species such as HIV with substantial genetic divergence among strains, the TaqMan assay becomes unfeasible and alternative detection methods may be required. We compare the TaqMan assay with some of the alternative nucleic acid-based detection techniques of microarray, chip, and bead technologies in terms of sensitivity, speed, and cost.
Neighborhood & Family Effects on Learning Motivation among Urban African American Middle School Youth.

Motivational theorists in psychology have moved away from individual-based approaches to socio-cognitive and socio-ecological models to explain student engagement and motivation for learning. Such approaches consider, for example, the influence of family and neighborhood environments as important constructs in youth behavior. In this study, links between neighborhood condition (e.g. external appearance of the blocks nearest to the respondents’ home), family dysfunction, and motivation for learning are investigated. Data were obtained from two hundred and sixteen (216) urban African American middle school children enrolled in a substance use prevention intervention. Analytic models show associations between poor neighborhood condition, and both family dysfunction and lower learning motivation, and poor neighborhood condition and lower learning motivation. Family dysfunction was also found to mediate the effect of neighborhood condition on motivated learning. Neighborhood and family characteristics are important determinants of urban schoolchildren’s motivation for learning.
Gendering Local Knowledge: Medicinal Plant Use and Primary Health Care in the Amazon

Local knowledge is becoming increasingly important in primary health care projects. However, these projects often incorporate local knowledge in an uncritical manner. One area where this is apparent is in the lack of attention paid to the gendered nature of local knowledge. I use one example, women's knowledge and use of medicinal plants in a low-income community in the Brazilian Amazon, to illustrate the links among authority, knowledge, and gender. In this article I argue that policy makers must pay attention to the relationships among authority, gender, and local knowledge and examine how the use of local knowledge in development strategies can affect existing (gendered) power relationships. Women's roles as managers of household health (which includes medicinal plant use) are a source of authority for them. Because of that, the way in which local knowledge is incorporated into primary health care programs can have a significant impact on women's authority. [medicinal plants, local knowledge, women, Brazil, primary health care]
The structure of worry: Relations between positive/negative personality characteristics and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire

The present studies investigated the structure, correlates, and predictors of worry, as assessed by the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), in a large nonclinical sample (N=1439). Exploratory factor analysis of the PSWQ in Study 1 revealed a two-factor solution (Worry Engagement and Absence of Worry). Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 indicated that the two-factor solution provided a better fit to the data than a one-factor model. The PSWQ and its factors evidenced good internal consistency, and correlations with measures of positive and negative state-trait variables provided evidence for good convergent and discriminant validity in both studies. Evidence for the specificity of the two-factor solution was also found such that the Worry Engagement factor demonstrated higher correlations with negative state-trait variables than the Absence of Worry factor. However, path analyses in Study 3 examining predictors of worry provided support for a one-factor solution to the PSWQ. Furthermore, path analyses showed that trait anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between negative characteristics and worry, whereas trait anxiety inversely mediated the relationship between positive characteristics and worry. These findings support the use of the PSWQ in research examining the nature of worry and highlight how positive and negative characteristics may have unique relations with worry in the context of trait anxiety.