cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory studies of erythrocytic pyruvate kinase deficiency. Pathogenesis of the hemolysis.

Genetic polymorphism exists in erythrocytic pyruvate kinase (PK)-deficient hemolytic anemia, as briefly described. Destruction of erythrocytes varied in extent, but its mechanisms in different PK-deficient polymorphic persons investigated were similar. A paradoxical post-splenectomy reticulocytosis regularly occurred. Qualitative enzymatic differences, the biochemistry, and measurements of erythrocytic destruction were made in several PK variants. 51Cr autologous and cross-transfusions of PK-deficient erythrocytes into volunteers showed multimodel regression lines of several erythrocytic cohorts. 59Felabeled PK-deficient reticulocytes donated by PK-deficient splenectomized subjects were transfused 20 hours before splenectomy into two PK-deficient infants with hemolysis, and into two adult volunteers with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. The highest reticulocyte concentration in any organ initially was within the spleen. Radioiron-labeled erythrocytes and cytologic data showed large splenic reticulocyte pools. Splenic macrophages ingesting reticulocytes and erythrocytes were seen by both light and electron microscopy of the splenic pulp. After cyanide additives inhibiting reticulocyte oxidative phosphorylation, a bizarre erythrocytic cytologic configuration was found by scanning electron microscopy. These studies of PK-mutant subjects with PK-deficient erythrocytic hemolysis showed age dependent destruction of erythrocytes. Bimodal Cr survival data suggested reticuloendothelial removal of short-lived erythrocytes and reticulocytes. The transfusions of radioiron-labeled PK reticulocytes and the data obtained by scanning electron microscopy suggested that the spleen was the initial hostile organ destroying a cohort of susceptible erythrocytes, principally reticulocytes.
Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian immunodeficiency virus.

Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) are primate lentiviruses that are morphologically similar and biologically related to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs)1–4. SIVs naturally infect some nonhuman primate species, such as African green monkeys and sooty mangabey monkeys, without causing immunodeficiency. In contrast, experimental SIV infection of other susceptible primate species, such as macaques, can cause chronic wasting syndromes and a disease similar to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)5–10. Because of the similarities between the human and nonhuman lentiviruses, SIV and its susceptible primate host have become the principal model for studying the pathogenesis of AIDS and developing . . .
Writing Instruction for English Learners: Examining Instructional Practices in Fourth-Grade Classrooms

This qualitative study examined writing instruction in two linguistically diverse fourth-grade classrooms in order to determine the genres taught and the instructional practices favored by teachers. Researchers observed writing instruction and interviewed teachers in a culturally and linguistically diverse elementary school in Southern California to study how teachers worked with children to develop their capacity to negotiate different writing tasks. Findings revealed that students were engaged in content-area expository writing, and the writing assignments were influenced by assessment requirements. Both teachers evidenced explicit instruction of academic language, attention to genres, and scaffolding for writing. Observations revealed that teachers tended to focus their feedback on word and sentence level discourse during classroom instruction. For lengthier pieces, teachers used mentor texts and heavy scaffolding to ensure that every student in the class would be able to produce the writing required. Implications for professional development are discussed.
Deterministic Absolute Negative Mobility for Micro- and Submicrometer Particles Induced in a Microfluidic Device

Efficient separations of particles with micron and submicron dimensions are extremely useful in preparation and analysis of materials for nanotechnological and biological applications. Here, we demonstrate a nonintuitive, yet efficient, separation mechanism for μm and subμm colloidal particles and organelles, taking advantage of particle transport in a nonlinear post array in a microfluidic device under the periodic action of electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic forces. We reveal regimes in which deterministic particle migration opposite to the average applied force occurs for a larger particle, a typical signature of deterministic absolute negative mobility (dANM), whereas normal response is obtained for smaller particles. The coexistence of dANM and normal migration was characterized and optimized in numerical modeling and subsequently implemented in a microfluidic device demonstrating at least 2 orders of magnitude higher migration speeds as compared to previous ANM systems. We also induce dANM for mouse liver mitochondria and envision that the separation mechanisms described here provide size selectivity required in future separations of organelles, nanoparticles, and protein nanocrystals.
Dual-Radionuclide Brain SPECT for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous. It is of paramount importance to make clean distinction among these diseases. However, the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism is challenging. Simultaneous dual-radionuclide brain SPECT allows us to assess both blood perfusion and dopamine transporter function under the identical physiological conditions. This approach has been proven to improve the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. The simultaneous (99m)Tc-ECD/(123)I-FP-CIT brain SPECT protocols, which are used for the differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy as well as corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy, are presented.
Method of evolving junctions: A new approach to optimal path-planning in 2D environments with moving obstacles:

We propose a novel algorithm to find the global optimal path in 2D environments with moving obstacles, where the optimality is understood relative to a general convex continuous running cost. By leveraging the geometric structures of optimal solutions and using gradient flows, we convert the path-planning problem into a system of finite dimensional ordinary differential equations, whose dimensions change dynamically. Then a stochastic differential equation based optimization method, called intermittent diffusion, is employed to obtain the global optimal solution. We demonstrate, via numerical examples, that the new algorithm can solve the problem efficiently.
“The Hum of Your Valvèd Voice”: Walt Whitman’s Soul and His Democratic Soul Politic

Whitman contributes fresh transatlantic perspectives to poetic soul-talk with his designedly plebeian hybrid of plain speech and free verse. Among Whitman’s most innovative contributions to transatlantic soul-talk is his optimistic treatment of death as a material transformation within a classical republican temporal continuum. Like Clough and Browning, he performs recreation through the imitative harmonies of memorable open-air bathing and swimming scenes. As a supporter of abolition and of states’ rights, Whitman also brings unexpected insights to bear on the fugitive slave and abolition debates with which Barrett Browning engages. With the increasing alienation of North and South that leads to civil war and the eventual assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Whitman, like EBB, harnesses his faith in the power of poetry to comfort and reconcile a divided soul politic through his monumental elegy “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d.”
Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room

Pediatric anesthesia practice has expanded to provide deep sedation or general anesthesia in many different locations throughout the hospital. Special considerations of space, patient access, and physical environment are imposed on the anesthesiologist in many of these locations. It is vital that each of these locations is appropriately equipped and staffed to established standards to provide safe and effective anesthesia patient care. Patient monitoring and standards of care should be provided as is current practice in the O.R. Simple anesthesia regimens based on intravenous infusion of propofol will provide optimal results in many cases. In other cases (e.g. Cath Lab and cardiac MRI), there is a need for more complex regimens in order to ensure the success of the planned procedure. Recommendations for protocols to be used in each location are provided.
Distinct Correlation Structure Supporting a Rate-Code for Sound Localization in the Owl's Auditory Forebrain.

Abstract While a topographic map of auditory space exists in the vertebrate midbrain, it is absent in the forebrain. Yet, both brain regions are implicated in sound localization. The heterogeneous spatial tuning of adjacent sites in the forebrain compared to the midbrain reflects different underlying circuitries, which is expected to affect the correlation structure, i.e., signal (similarity of tuning) and noise (trial-by-trial variability) correlations. Recent studies have drawn attention to the impact of response correlations on the information readout from a neural population. We thus analyzed the correlation structure in midbrain and forebrain regions of the barn owl’s auditory system. Tetrodes were used to record in the midbrain and two forebrain regions, Field L and the downstream auditory arcopallium (AAr), in anesthetized owls. Nearby neurons in the midbrain showed high signal and noise correlations (R NC s), consistent with shared inputs. As previously reported, Field L was arranged in random clusters of similarly tuned neurons. Interestingly, AAr neurons displayed homogeneous monotonic azimuth tuning, while response variability of nearby neurons was significantly less correlated than the midbrain. Using a decoding approach, we demonstrate that low R NC in AAr restricts the potentially detrimental effect it can have on information, assuming a rate code proposed for mammalian sound localization. This study harnesses the power of correlation structure analysis to investigate the coding of auditory space. Our findings demonstrate distinct correlation structures in the auditory midbrain and forebrain, which would be beneficial for a rate-code framework for sound localization in the nontopographic forebrain representation of auditory space.
Exoplanet naming, electoral competition and strategic failure

Abstract The novel context of the IAU's NameExoWorlds contest presented the opportunity to analyze electoral returns from 20 one time only contests under a First Past the Post electoral system in which strategic entry costs were low and voters possessed little information about the preferences of other voters. In addition to high levels of both exoplanetary name proposals and voter participation from the wealthy democracies and low levels of voter participation in the Global South, with the exception of India, the election presented two electoral pathologies: wasted votes and strategic failure. The appropriateness of the proposed name, humanitarian sentiment, and voter mobilization by proposing clubs based on national affinity appear crucial in the success of the winning proposed names.
The impact of electronic media and school schedule on the sleep of adolescents – A mini review.

Background: During adolescence there are ongoing changes of sleep patterns, which tend to exhibit a phase delay. Among the various factors associated with this phenomenon, the use of electronic media and school starting time arise as highly significant, since they are modifiable.Methods: Review of existing literature on adolescent sleep based on electronic literature searches using the best available evidence from PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar.Results: Our study provides a review of findings on the impact of electronic media use and school starting time on a number of sleep characteristics in adolescence. Moreover, it highlights the significance of sleep problems and/or sleep deprivation on adolescent mental health and school performance. Finally, it reports data on the association between adolescents’ sleep characteristics and overweight, obesity and physical health markers.Conclusions: Strategies focusing on modifiable factors associated with sleep deprivation in adolescence are expected to contribute to the management of a broader range of physical and mental health problems in this age group.
A distance-based approach for testing the mediation effect of the human microbiome.

Motivation Recent studies have revealed a complex interplay between environment, the human microbiome and health and disease. Mediation analysis of the human microbiome in these complex relationships could potentially provide insights into the role of the microbiome in the etiology of disease and, more importantly, lead to novel clinical interventions by modulating the microbiome. However, due to the high dimensionality, sparsity, non-normality and phylogenetic structure of microbiome data, none of the existing methods are suitable for testing such clinically important mediation effect. Results We propose a distance-based approach for testing the mediation effect of the human microbiome. In the framework, the nonlinear relationship between the human microbiome and independent/dependent variables is captured implicitly through the use of sample-wise ecological distances, and the phylogenetic tree information is conveniently incorporated by using phylogeny-based distance metrics. Multiple distance metrics are utilized to maximize the power to detect various types of mediation effect. Simulation studies demonstrate that our method has correct Type I error control, and is robust and powerful under various mediation models. Application to a real gut microbiome dataset revealed that the association between the dietary fiber intake and body mass index was mediated by the gut microbiome. Availability and implementation An R package 'MedTest' is freely available at https://github.com/jchen1981/MedTest. Contact zhiwei@njit.edu or chen.jun2@mayo.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Health as the universal language. International students as teaching resources.

Institutions of higher learning lacking curriculums in international health often fail to offer a course on the subject to their student bodies. In the interest of increasing academic challenge and multicultural understanding these institutions should call upon their international students to design and provide such a course. In the process new international students could become better oriented while health education students planning to be in foreign settings could gain valuable knowledge. The process and exchange could be a valuable learning experience for all. A 1985 workshop at Ohio State University entitled "Health and Wellness in the Nigerian Community" offered a cross-cultural survey of health-related issues. Forty-one Nigerian students in the Nigerian Education Program and four Black American students discusses principles of high-level wellness focusing upon personal and community health issues in the workshop. Differences and similarities between values and sociocultural settings were explored with greater cross-cultural understanding emerging as the final result.
Every superinterval of the function range can be an interval-computations enclosure

How good an estimate can we get by applying "naive" interval computations technique to a given function f(x1,...,x n ) over given intervals x1,...,x n ? This question was raised in several papers and conference presentations by G. Alefeld, R. Lohner, and others.
Conceptual Analysis and the Connectionist Account of Concepts

Recent work in connectionist modeling has had a major impact on contemporary philosophy of psychology — it has forced many philosophers to seriously rethink a number of important topics such as the structure of mental representation, the nature of information storage and the character of learning. In this essay, however, I want to link connectionism to philosophy in a different way. Rather than discuss the importance of connectionism for some philosophical topic, I want to focus on the implications of this research for the way philosophy often gets done. More specifically, I want to take a look at what many connectionists have to say about the way we represent concepts and discuss some consequences of their views for the popular philosophical enterprise of conceptual analysis — i.e., the search for precise definitions specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for abstract notions. My aim will be to convince you that if much of what the connectionists are saying is true, then analytic philosophers need to seriously rethink this popular strategy for understanding the defining many abstract concepts.
Explore for More: Enhancing Students’ Literacy through a School-Family-University Partnership

Many educator preparation programs desire to partner with P-12 and community groups. The authors showcase the development of a P-12 School-University-Family partnership. Partnership goals included literacy growth and interest among linguistically and culturally diverse P-12 learners while also providing a sustainable training ground for current and future educators. Instead of decreasing students’ literacy skills over the summer months, elementary students (n=40) experienced growth in both reading skills and enjoyment (p < 0.05) after participating in the discussed summer literacy program. Beyond student benefits, it should be remembered that both educator preparation programs (EPPs) and P-12 schools have much to offer each other and benefit reciprocally when they work together; methods for forming and sustaining a productive partnership are discussed. Recommendations for sustainability and future plans are discussed.
The Ewing Amputation: The First Human Implementation of the Agonist-Antagonist Myoneural Interface.

Background The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) comprises a surgical construct and neural control architecture designed to serve as a bidirectional interface, capable of reflecting proprioceptive sensation of prosthetic joint position, speed, and torque from and advanced limb prosthesis onto the central nervous system. The AMI surgical procedure has previously been vetted in animal models; we here present the surgical results of its translation to human subjects. Methods Modified unilateral below knee amputations were performed in the elective setting in 3 human subjects between July 2016 and April 2017. AMIs were constructed in each subject to control and interpret proprioception from the bionic ankle and subtalar joints. Intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative residual-limb outcome measures were recorded and analyzed, including electromyographic and radiographic imaging of AMI musculature. Results Mean subject age was 38 ± 13 years, and mean body mass index was 29.5 ± 5.5 kg/m2. Mean operative time was 346 ± 87 minutes, including 120 minutes of tourniquet time per subject. Complications were minor and included transient cellulitis and one instance of delayed wound healing. All subjects demonstrated mild limb hypertrophy postoperatively, and intact construct excursion with volitional muscle activation. All patients reported a high degree of phantom limb position perception with no reports of phantom pain. Conclusions The AMI offers the possibility of improved prosthetic control and restoration of muscle-tendon proprioception. Initial results in this first cohort of human patients are promising and provide evidence as to the potential role of AMIs in the care of patients requiring below knee amputation.
Effect of friction stir welding and self-ion irradiation on dispersoid evolution in oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA956 up to 25 dpa

Abstract The effect of ion irradiation on the microstructure of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) MA956 steel, before and after friction stir welding (FSW), was studied. Both the base material (BM) and welded stir zone (SZ) were irradiated with 5 MeV Fe++ ions at 450 °C up to 25 displacements per atom (dpa). Characterization was performed using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT), with particular emphasis on the Y Al O dispersoid characteristics and dislocation microstructures. After irradiation, the dispersoids in the BM increased in diameter and decreased in number density, which was explained by an Ostwald ripening mechanism. FSW caused significant coarsening and agglomeration of the dispersoids. After irradiation, both the diameter and number density of the SZ dispersoids increased, which was explained by an irradiation-enhanced diffusion mechanism. Dislocation loop and network behavior was also characterized and large dislocation loops of ≈20 nm diameter formed by 1 dpa in both the BM and SZ samples, whereas the network density remained nearly constant with irradiation.
Impact of Intrinsic Motivators on Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Environments: Implications for Workplace Information Literacy and Collaborative Practices

Although collaboration is considered as one of the most critical workplace skills, simply putting workers together into teams does not guarantee increased levels of collaboration and knowledge sharing. This exploratory study examines 169 LIS students’ perceptions of the quality of knowledge creation in virtual teams across seven blended courses in 2011. The perceived quality of knowledge creation was measured and divided into three levels for analysis: enhanced, moderate and baseline. The findings indicate the critical role of intrinsic motivators, including trust, peer influence, and personal outcome expectations in facilitating knowledge sharing and enhancing knowledge creation. The implications of this study could possibly be further extrapolated in developing workplace information literacy instructions about collaborative practices across a variety of organizations.
Police Administration and Ineffective Civilian Oversight: A Grounded Theory:

This qualitative grounded theory study uses the voices of current and former law enforcement officers to consider the problems that can arise with police administration when there exists ineffectiv...
The Predictive Performance of Objective Measures of Physical Activity Derived From Accelerometry Data for 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003–2006

BACKGROUND Declining physical activity (PA) is a hallmark of aging. Wearable technology provides reliable measures of the frequency, duration, intensity, and timing of PA. Accelerometry-derived measures of PA are compared with established predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality in older adults in terms of individual, relative, and combined predictive performance. METHODS Participants aged between 50 and 85 years from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES, n = 2,978) wore a hip-worn accelerometer in the free-living environment for up to 7 days. A total of 33 predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality (number of events = 297), including 20 measures of objective PA, were compared using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In univariate logistic regression, the total activity count was the best predictor of 5-year mortality (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.771) followed by age (AUC = 0.758). Overall, 9 of the top 10 predictors were objective PA measures (AUC from 0.771 to 0.692). In multivariate regression, the 10-fold cross-validated AUC was 0.798 for the model without objective PA variables (9 predictors) and 0.838 for the forward selection model with objective PA variables (13 predictors). The Net Reclassification Index was substantially improved by adding objective PA variables (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Objective accelerometry-derived PA measures outperform traditional predictors of 5-year mortality, including age. This highlights the importance of wearable technology for providing reproducible, unbiased, and prognostic biomarkers of health.
Strengthening STEM Instruction in Schools: Learning from Research

More than half of U.S. children fail to meet proficiency standards in mathematics and science in fourth grade. Teacher professional development and curriculum improvement are two of the primary lev...
Immune-related Adverse Events Associated With Checkpoint Inhibition in the Setting of CAR T Cell Therapy: A Case Series.

Abstract Background Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy leads to high overall response rates of ∼80% even in heavily pre-treated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), though relapse-free survival drops to ∼40% within the first 12 months. There are early data suggesting that inhibiting the programmed cell death protein 1: programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1: PD-L1) checkpoint axis may decrease T cell exhaustion and improve CAR T-cell function. However, there is limited data regarding the toxicity of sequencing these two modalities. This case series of three patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL treated sequentially with CAR T and checkpoint inhibitor explores the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with this approach. Case Presentation Case 1 is a 47-year-old male with refractory T-cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma who was treated initially with pembrolizumab followed by CAR T-cell therapy and developed autoimmune thyroiditis. Case 2 is a 67-year-old male with refractory DLBCL who was treated with CAR T and subsequently pembrolizumab and developed pneumonitis and respiratory failure. Case 3 is a 22-year-old female with primary refractory mediastinal DLBCL who was treated with pembrolizumab following CAR T therapy and subsequently developed a T-cell mediated autoimmune skin reaction. Conclusions T cell exhaustion has been suspected to contribute to poor persistence of CAR T-cells and clinical relapse, which may be overcome by checkpoint inhibition. While the synergy between CAR T-cell therapy and checkpoint inhibition is promising, the interaction may also lead to off-target irAEs. Prospective trials exploring the safety and efficacy of this combination in relapsed/refractory DLBCL are under way.
Synthesis of poly(bicyclohexyldimethylene terephthalate): effect of regioisomer ratios on physical properties

A series of novel polyesters was synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and various ratios of two regioisomers of bicyclohexyldimethanol (BCD), 4,4′-BCD and 3,4′-BCD. NMR spectroscopy confirmed successful incorporation of all monomers into the polymer backbone. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the regioisomer content dictated the polymer morphology: Materials with a 4,4′-BCD content above 80% were semi-crystalline with melting temperatures ranging from 142 to 216 °C, while polymers with lower 4,4′-BCD content were amorphous. The amorphous density of the materials increased with increasing 3,4′-BCD content, which also corresponded to an increase in Young's modulus. High thermal stabilities were observed for all materials as evidenced by a consistent Td,5% around 390 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed glass transition temperatures of 108–114 °C for all compositions and sub-Tg β-relaxations with similar intensities, suggesting that the unsaturated rings play a key role in energy absorption at low temperatures. Tensile mechanical testing revealed that the 50% composition of both diols possessed the longest elongation at break at 34%, while homopolymers of either regioisomer had considerably less elasticity with elongations at break measured at <5%.
Equations Defining Abelian Varieties

We shall start this chapter by proving “theta relations,” i.e., relations between theta functions. More precisely, we shall be interested in polynomial relations between θm(τ, z), θm(τ, 0) with constant coefficients. From the “labyrinth” of theta relations, we shall select just two, which are themselves not unrelated: The first one is called “Riemann’s theta formula” and the second one the “addition formula.” Their shortest proofs depend on the following lemma: Lemma 1. Let L denote a discrete commutative group and L1, L2 two subgroups of finite indices; let Φ denote an L1-function on L, i.e., a C-valued function on L such that the sum of ∣ Φ(ξ)∣ over L is convergent. Then we have $[L:{L_1}]\cdot \mathop\Sigma\limits_{\xi\epsilon{L_1}}\Phi(\xi) = \mathop\Sigma\limits_{\chi,\zeta} (\mathop\Sigma\limits_{\eta\varepsilon{L_2}} \chi(\eta + \zeta)\Phi((\eta + \zeta)),$ in which χ runs over the dual of L/L1 and ζ over a complete set of representatives of L/L2.
The Role of Education in Mitigating Automation’s Effect on Wage Inequality

While automation has renewed the debate about labor market policy responses to inequality and job losses, less attention has been given to education policy. We present a general equilibrium model and empirical evidence showing how education mitigates wage inequality resulting from a recent, worst‐case expectation of technology’s ability to automate job tasks. Our model predicts that education could reduce automation’s marginal effect on the wage gap between lower‐ and higher‐skilled labor by up to 3 percentage points. Education policies that promote automation‐complementing skill formation would reduce the need for costly labor market and wealth redistribution interventions later in life.
A deep learning framework for drug repurposing via emulating clinical trials on real-world patient data

Drug repurposing is an effective strategy to identify new uses for existing drugs, providing the quickest possible transition from bench to bedside. Real-world data, such as electronic health records and insurance claims, provide information on large cohorts of users for many drugs. Here we present an efficient and easily customized framework for generating and testing multiple candidates for drug repurposing using a retrospective analysis of real-world data. Building upon well-established causal inference and deep learning methods, our framework emulates randomized clinical trials for drugs present in a large-scale medical claims database. We demonstrate our framework on a coronary artery disease cohort of millions of patients. We successfully identify drugs and drug combinations that substantially improve the coronary artery disease outcomes but haven’t been indicated for treating coronary artery disease, paving the way for drug repurposing. Many approved drugs can be used to treat diseases other than the one they were developed for, which has the added benefit that the safety of the drug has already been tested. To identify possible candidates for re-purposing trials, Liu et al. have developed a method to use existing electronic patient data to simulate clinical trials and identify drugs that influence the progression of diseases with which they were not previously associated.
Programas de Intervención psicosocial en sistema penitenciario cerrado con agresores sexuales: Una aproximación a la situación en Chile

Based in a review of the various international psychosocial intervention programs focusing on incarcerated sexual offenders, the Chilean experience is examined. The implementation of psychosocial interventions targeting sexual offenders in Chile is scarce and unsystematic. Results highlight lack of a clear criminal policy addressing sex offending inmate population. Clear guidelines for this type of interventions within the Chilean Prison system need to be developed.
Testing Chinese Ink as a Natural Dyestuff on Silk and Cotton Fabrics: The Foundation for a Collection of Wearable Art

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using BC nonwoven as textile fabrics to make consumer products. The objectives were: 1) to study the influences of fermentation conditions on the production of BC fabric; 2) to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of BC nonwovens (thickness, weight, tensile strength, tearing strength, and stiffness); and 3) to study the possibility of producing inherently colored BC nonwovens.
Notched Fatigue of Additive Manufactured Metals under Axial and Multiaxial Loadings, Part II: Data Correlations and Life Estimations

Abstract Fatigue performance of additive manufactured (AM) metals is highly sensitive to the existence of defects. This becomes more challenging when mechanically induced stress concentrations due to notches or complexities in the geometries are also present. Multiaxial stress states are additional important consideration in designing parts for critical load carrying applications. In this work, notched uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue and cracking behavior of two commonly used AM metals (Ti-6Al-4V and 17-4 PH stainless steel) with different post fabrication heat treatments and surface roughness conditions were studied. In part I of these two-part paper series, AM notch test results were compared to AM unnotched as well as to the notched and unnotched wrought counterparts. In this second part, both crack initiation (i.e., critical plane-based method) and crack growth (i.e., fracture mechanics-based method) approaches are used for uniaxial and multiaxial data correlations and life estimations. Both approaches are shown to result in satisfactory estimations of the experimental results.
Muscarinic Receptor Activation Underlying the Slow Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (S-I.P.S.P.) and the Slow Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (S-E.P.S.P.)

Subtypes of muscarinic receptors were initially proposed by Birdsall and colleagues based on the different affinity states for agonists and for the selective muscarinic antagonist, pirenzepine (Birdsall et al., 1978; Hammer et al., 1980). Biochemical and physiological analyses of subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been unable to compare receptors at the same site or location but mediating functionally different events.
A controlled trial of an advanced access appointment system in a residency family medicine center.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The implementation of advanced access appointment systems has improved continuity of care, patient and physician satisfaction, physician productivity, and average physician panel size in private practice and group-model HMO settings. This study's purpose was to document the patient care benefits, practice management benefits, and educational outcomes from the controlled implementation of an advanced access appointment system in a residency family medicine center. METHODS Two faculty-resident teams were created. One team adopted the advanced access system while the other team continued using a traditional access system. Outcome measures included length of time needed to obtain an appointment (days to third available appointment), continuity (percentage of visits with the patient's designated provider), no-show rates, productivity, visits lost to outside providers, panel sizes, and patient satisfaction. Outcomes were measured at baseline and quarterly for 1 year after initial implementation. RESULTS After implementation, the "days to third available appointment" for the advanced access group was 5 days, compared to 21 days for the traditional access group. A significant improvement in continuity (ie, a match between the primary care physician and patient) for the advanced access team was found. Comparison of no-show rates between the advanced access and traditional access teams revealed significant between-subjects effect, but controlling for within-subject variation using repeated measures ANOVA eliminated this effect. Advanced access residents increased their continuity above 50% while increasing provider satisfaction with office practice and scope of practice. CONCLUSIONS Faculty and residents can successfully use advanced access. Advanced access can enhance residency education by reducing appointment delays and significantly increasing the patient-primary care physician match.
Some Basic Techniques for Solving Sparse Systems of Linear Equations

The main character of this paper is tutorial. Yet it will serve as a survey of some of the sparse matrix methods used for solving Ax=b. And, in some sense the results are new.
An energy-based method for the assessment of battery and battery-ultracapacitor energy storage systems in pulse-load applications

A new energy-based method is described for studying the performance of battery or battery-ultracapacitor energy storage systems (ESS) in pulse load applications. The method estimates the total energy available in each ESS from a small number of discrete measurements at different states-of-charge. This considerably reduces experiment time, when compared to slowly depleting the ESS over the course of several hours. To illustrate the use of this method, experiments are performed for nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and lithium-iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries as well as their corresponding battery-ultracapacitor paralleled systems, under various pulse-load profiles and with different ratios of capacitor rating to battery energy. The results show accuracy of the method on the order of 0.5% and the improvements in total energy by incorporating ultracapacitors range from 3% to 47%, depending upon load profiles, experimental conditions and battery-ultracapacitor combinations.
Coherent photoproduction of ψ and Υ mesons in ultraperipheral p Pb and PbPb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at s N N = 5 TeV and s N N = 2.76 TeV

Exclusive photoproduction of vector mesons in the perturbative two-gluon exchange formalism depends significantly on nucleon and nuclear gluon distributions. In the present study we calculate total cross sections and rapidity distributions of $J/\ensuremath{\psi}(1s)$, $\ensuremath{\psi}(2s)$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1s)$, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(2s)$, and $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(3s)$ in ultraperipheral proton-lead ($p$Pb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN}}}=5$ TeV and $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV, respectively. Effects of gluon shadowing are investigated and potentials for constraining nuclear gluon modifications are discussed.
"What you don't know": Supernatural fan vids and millennial theology

The Millennial discourse on religion, dogma, faith, and belief are evident both in Supernatural and the fan vids it inspires.
The clinical significance of platelet counts in the first 24 hours after severe injury.

BACKGROUND: Admission platelet (PLT) counts are known to be associated with all-cause mortality for seriously injured patients admitted to a trauma center. The course of subsequent PLT counts, their implications, and the effects of PLT therapy are less well known. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Trauma center patients who were directly admitted from the scene of injury, received 1 or more units of uncrossmatched red blood cells in the first hour of care, survived for at least 15 minutes, and had a PLT count measured in the first hour were analyzed for the association of their admission and subsequent PLT counts in the first 24 hours with injury severity and hemorrhagic and central nervous system (CNS) causes of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Over an 8.25-year period, 1292 of 45,849 direct trauma admissions met entry criteria. Admission PLT counts averaged 228 ¥ 10 9
Suicide Attempts in the US Army During the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2004 to 2009

Importance The rate of suicide attempts in the US Army increased sharply during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Research on this important health outcome has been hampered by the lack of integration among Army administrative data systems. Objective To identify risk factors for suicide attempts among active-duty members of the regular Army from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study, as part of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS), used individual-level person-month records from Army and Department of Defense administrative data systems to examine sociodemographic, service-related, and mental health predictors of medically documented suicide attempts among active-duty regular Army soldiers from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009. We analyzed data from 9791 suicide attempters and an equal-probability sample of 183 826 control person-months using a discrete-time survival framework. Data analysis was performed from February 3 through November 12, 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures Suicide attempts identified using Department of Defense Suicide Event Report records and diagnostic codes E950 through E958 from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification . Standardized estimates of suicide attempt risk for sociodemographic, service-related, and mental health predictor variables were constructed from Army personnel and medical records. Results Enlisted soldiers accounted for 98.6% of all suicide attempts (9650 attempters; overall rate, 377.0 [95% CI, 369.7-384.7] per 100 000 person-years). In multivariate models, suicide attempts among enlisted soldiers were predicted (data reported as odds ratio [95% CI]) by female sex (2.4 [2.3-2.5]), entering Army service at 25 years or older (1.6 [1.5-1.8]), current age of 29 years or younger ( Conclusions and Relevance Our results represent, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive accounting to date of suicide attempts in the Army. The findings reveal unique risk profiles for enlisted soldiers and officers and highlight the importance of research and prevention focused on enlisted soldiers in their first Army tour.
Case series: A novel technique for the treatment of external auditory canal stenosis

External auditory canal (EAC) stenosis can exist as an isolated problem, as a component of craniofacial disorders, or in association with genetic syndromes. We present five cases and demonstrate the efficacy of a minimally invasive way of opening the EAC, facilitating better hearing, easier office examination, and allowing for other necessary treatments such as ear tube placement or use of a hearing aid. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 19 months, with all patients demonstrating significant improvement. We believe this is a novel surgical approach which is easy to perform, cost effective, and may be applicable to a wide range of patients.
Heuristics for minimum brauer chain problem

The exponentiation problem is computing xn for positive integer exponents n where the quality is measured by number of multiplications it requires. However, finding minimum number of multiplications is an NP-complete problem. This problem is very important for many applications such as RSA encryption and ElGamal decryption. Solving minimum Brauer chain problem is a way to solve the exponentiation problem. In this paper, five heuristics for approximating minimum length Brauer chain for a given number n is discussed. These heuristics are based on some greedy approaches and dynamic programming. As a result, we empirically get 1.1-approximation for the problem.
what is yours, ours and mine

Item: New York City, 28 June 2009. The streets are blaring “Thriller” and are full of people “being” Michael Jackson. What's the ownership stake of Michael impersonators in his image? Do Jackson im...
Spatial and temporal variability of global ocean mixing inferred from Argo profiles

[1] The influence of turbulent ocean mixing transcends its inherently small scales to affect large scale ocean processes including water-mass transformation, stratification maintenance, and the overturning circulation. However, the distribution of ocean mixing is not well described by sparse ship-based observations since this mixing is both spatially patchy and temporally intermittent. We use strain information from Argo float profiles in the upper 2,000 m of the ocean to generate over 400,000 estimates of the energy dissipation rate, indicative of ocean mixing. These estimates rely on numerous assumptions, and do not take the place of direct measurement methods. Temporally averaged estimates reveal clear spatial patterns in the parameterized dissipation rate and diffusivity distribution across all the oceans. They corroborate previous observations linking elevated dissipation rates to regions of rough topography. We also observe heightened estimated dissipation rates in areas of high eddy kinetic energy, as well as heightened diffusivity in high latitudes where stratification is weak. The seasonal dependence of mixing is observed in the Northwest Pacific, suggesting a wind-forced response in the upper ocean.
A comparison of d-aphetamine, l-amphetamine, and methamphetamine self-administration in rhesus monkeys

Abstract Rhesus monkeys were trained to self-administer cocaine on a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of reinforcement during a daily 3 hr session. d-amphetamine, l-amphetamine, and methamphetamine, at various dosages, were substituted for the cocaine for six consecutive sessions. The animals were returned to cocaine baseline between each test series. All three drugs were self-administered at rates higher than saline control levels. d-Amphetamine and metamphetamine were equipotent in maintaining self-administration behavior and both were approximately 4 times more potent than l-amphetamine.
Using digital video techniques to identify correlations between behavior and the activity of single neurons

Digital movies were made of freely behaving rats in a cylinder. At the same time, action potentials were recorded from single hippocampal neurons. We describe a data processing scheme that allows the spike data and the movie to be merged. A display of the ongoing unit activity was added to each frame in the movie. This provided a powerful new way to examine the relationships between behavior and spike discharge. A second type of data processing, activity-edited video identified and used interesting episodes of neuronal activity (e.g. fast firing) to select the corresponding frames from the original movie. The activity-edited movie can then be viewed to look for behavioral invariances during the episodes that were selected according to the cell's firing rate. The feasibility of these methods was tested by applying them to post-subicular head direction cells and hippocampal place cells because these cell classes have well characterized behavioral correlates. The digital video techniques captured the head direction and place cell phenomena and provided a novel and robust description of the relationship between the firing of these cells and the overall behavior of the rat.
Using sibling data to understand the impact of family group decision-making on child welfare outcomes

Abstract Few studies have examined the impact of family group decision-making (FGDM) on child welfare outcomes. Studies in this area have often suffered from small sample sizes and lack of adequate comparison groups. Since FGDM is administered at the family level, sibling data provides an ideal way to compensate for small sample sizes and low enrollment rates in research evaluating FGDM. This study utilized sibling data from California's Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project Evaluation in Fresno and Riverside Counties to compare child welfare outcomes for children of families randomly assigned to receive FGDM (Fresno County, n = 110; Riverside County, n = 87) to children of families assigned to receive traditional child welfare services (Fresno County, n = 74; Riverside County, n = 52). After controlling for clustering effects using general estimating equations (GEE), group differences in child maltreatment, placement stability, and permanence were modeled using linear and logistic regression. Outcomes from both counties suggested no group differences. Though neutral outcomes on child welfare indicators may bring into question FGDM's efficacy for changing child welfare outcomes, this study confirms previous findings with smaller sample sizes on the impact of FGDM and demonstrates a methodological improvement over individual or family-case analyses.