cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breeding of Quality and New Early Matured Super Rice Variety Longjing No.18

The collection,determination and application of high quality germplasm are the key points of multi high quality integration.The high quality,high yield,blast and cold resistant variety Longjing No.18 developed through cross and systematic breeding.Its major quality index reached national first grade.The average yield of regional test was 8 168.8 kg·hm-2,which was 9.1% higher than that of CK.The highest yield of regional test was 9 119.0 kg·hm-2.The average yield of production test was 7 995.1 kg·hm-2,which was 10.7% higher than that of CK.By inoculation and natural infection,the blast resistance of the variety reached more than middle grade level.The cold resistance of the variety was strong by provincial authority determination.
Exploring multidimensional lstms for large vocabulary ASR

Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently shown significant performance improvements over deep feed-forward neural networks. A key aspect of these models is the use of time recurrence, combined with a gating architecture that allows them to track the long-term dynamics of speech. Inspired by human spectrogram reading, we recently proposed the frequency LSTM (F-LSTM) that performs 1-D recurrence over the frequency axis and then performs 1-D recurrence over the time axis. In this study, we further improve the acoustic model by proposing a 2-D, time-frequency (TF) LSTM. The TF-LSTM jointly scans the input over the time and frequency axes to model spectro-temporal warping, and then uses the output activations as the input to a time LSTM (T-LSTM). The joint time-frequency modeling better normalizes the features for the upper layer T-LSTMs. Evaluated on a 375-hour short message dictation task, the proposed TF-LSTM obtained a 3.4% relative WER reduction over the best T-LSTM. The invariance property achieved by joint time-frequency analysis is demonstrated on a mismatched test set, where the TF-LSTM achieves a 14.2% relative WER reduction over the best T-LSTM.
Renal artery embolization to control urinary cutaneous fistula after partial resection of a horseshoe kidney.

AbstractWe describe a patient with a chronic urinary cutaneous fistula following partial nephrectomy of a previously separated horseshoe kidney, who was treated successfully by stainless steel coil embolization of the renal artery. Thus, a major reoperation was avoided.
Nuestros Hijos van a la Universidad [Our Sons and Daughters Are Going to College]: Latina Parents’ Perceptions and Experiences Related to Building College Readiness, College Knowledge, and College Access for Their Children—A Qualitative Analysis:

Data from a focus group of nine Latina parents, specifically mothers from a South Texas border region known as the Rio Grande Valley, were analyzed using a qualitative methodology. Grounded in the ...
Financial Crisis: a Hardy Perennial

The years since the early 1970s are unprecedented in terms of the volatility in the prices of commodities, currencies, real estate and stocks, and the frequency and severity of financial crises. In the second half of the 1980s, Japan experienced a massive bubble in its real estate and in its stock markets. During the same period the prices of real estate and of stocks in Finland, Norway and Sweden increased even more rapidly than in Japan. In the early 1990s, there was a surge in real estate prices and stock prices in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and most of the nearby Asian countries; in 1993, stock prices increased by about 100 percent in each of these countries. In the second half of the 1990s, the United States experienced a bubble in the stock market; there was a mania in the prices of the stocks of firms in the new industries like information technology and the dot.coms.
Concomitant Immunity Induced by Persistent Leishmania major Does Not Preclude Secondary Re-Infection: Implications for Genetic Exchange, Diversity and Vaccination.

Background Many microbes have evolved the ability to co-exist for long periods of time within other species in the absence of overt pathology. Evolutionary biologists have proposed benefits to the microbe from ‘asymptomatic persistent infections’, most commonly invoking increased likelihood of transmission by longer-lived hosts. Typically asymptomatic persistent infections arise from strong containment by the immune system, accompanied by protective immunity; such ‘vaccination’ from overt disease in the presence of a non-sterilizing immune response is termed premunition or concomitant immunity. Here we consider another potential benefit of persistence and concomitant immunity to the parasite: the ‘exclusion’ of competing super-infecting strains, which would favor transmission of the original infecting organism. Methodology / Principle Findings To investigate this in the protozoan parasite Leishmania major, a superb model for the study of asymptomatic persistence, we used isogenic lines of comparable virulence bearing independent selectable markers. One was then used to infect genetically resistant mice, yielding infections which healed and progressed to asymptomatic persistent infection; these mice were then super-infected with the second marked line. As anticipated, super-infection yielded minimal pathology, showing that protective immunity against disease pathology had been established. The relative abundance of the primary and super-infecting secondary parasites was then assessed by plating on selective media. The data show clearly that super-infecting parasites were able to colonize the immune host effectively, achieving numbers comparable to and sometimes greater than that of the primary parasite. Conclusions / Significance We conclude that induction of protective immunity does not guarantee the Leishmania parasite exclusive occupation of the infected host. This finding has important consequences to the maintenance and generation of parasite diversity in the natural Leishmania infectious cycle alternating between mammalian and sand fly hosts.
Anne Brontë, [‘A Diary Note’ — No. 4] (1841), in Shakespeare Head Brontë, p. 239

This is Emily’s birthday. She has now completed her 23rd year, and is, I believe, at home. Charlotte is a governess in the family of Mr White. Branwell is a clerk in the railroad station at Luddenden Foot, and I am a governess in the family of Mr Robinson. I dislike the situation and wish to change it for another. I am now at Scarborough. My pupils are gone to bed and I am hastening to finish this before I follow them.
Ein Allgemeines Dialogsystem für EUS

Zur Gestaltung der Kommunikation zwischen Mensch und Maschine sind viele Vorschlage entwickelt und Anforderungskataloge erstellt worden (vgl. BAR81, MAR73, MER77), die jedoch aus der Sicht der Benutzer oft kaum mehr klassifizier- und bewertbar sind. Eine erste Einteilung kann im Hinblick auf eine leichte Erlern- und Verwendbarkeit und hinsichtlich der Breite und Flexibilitat des Anwendungsspektrums vorgenommen werden, wie dies im vorherigen Kapitel geschehen ist. Damit ist allerdings noch nicht erreicht, das die Wunsche der einzelnen Mitglieder unterschiedlicher Benutzergruppen bei ihrer Aufgabenerfullung berucksichtigt werden konnen. Dazu mussen die Dialoge individuell gestaltet werden, wozu im Basissystem ein DialogkontrolIprogramm notwendig ist, das es einerseits gestattet, fur gelegentliche Benutzer geeignete Kommunikationsformen zu erstellen, andererseits aber auch in der Lage ist, die durch Erfahrungen mit dem System sich verandernden Anforderungen an die Dialogkomponente nachzuvollziehen.
Coloring maps on surfaces

Ringel's proof used Heawood's amalgamation result which says that if Sg, g > 0, requires n colors, then by amalgamation of countries there exists a map with exactly n countries each two of which are contiguous. case g=0, i.e. S0=S 2, his technique showed that five colors sufIn the fice, so that none of Ringel's ideas, nor ours, apply to the four color theorem proved by Appel, Haken and Koch [AH], [AHK]. For g > 0 we can thus consider the dual graph to the country configuration and the Heawood theorem becomes a graphembedding theorem: The nonorientable genus g of the complete graph on n points K (the 1-skeleton of the n (n-l)-simplex) is
Scalable joint modeling of longitudinal and point process data for disease trajectory prediction and improving Management of Chronic Kidney Disease

A major goal in personalized medicine is the ability to provide individualized predictions about the future trajectory of a disease. Moreover, for many complex chronic diseases, patients simultaneously have additional comorbid conditions. Accurate determination of the risk of developing serious complications associated with a disease or its comorbidities may be more clinically useful than prediction of future disease trajectory in such cases. We propose a novel probabilistic generative model that can provide individualized predictions of future disease progression while jointly modeling the pattern of related recurrent adverse events. We fit our model using a scalable variational inference algorithm and apply our method to a large dataset of longitudinal electronic patient health records. Our model gives superior performance in terms of both prediction of future disease trajectories and of future serious events when compared to non-joint models. Our predictions are currently being utilized by our local accountable care organization during chart reviews of high risk patients.
Structural basis for antibody cross-neutralization of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are two closely related viruses that cause bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly1, with a significant health burden2-6. There are no licensed vaccines or small-molecule antiviral treatments specific to these two viruses at present. A humanized murine monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) is approved to treat high-risk infants for RSV infection7,8, but other treatments, as well as vaccines, for both viruses are still in development. Recent epidemiological modelling suggests that cross-immunity between RSV, HMPV and human parainfluenzaviruses may contribute to their periodic outbreaks9, suggesting that a deeper understanding of host immunity to these viruses may lead to enhanced strategies for their control. Cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies to the RSV and HMPV fusion (F) proteins have been identified10,11. Here, we examine the structural basis for cross-reactive antibody binding to RSV and HMPV F protein by two related, independently isolated antibodies, MPE8 and 25P13. We solved the structure of the MPE8 antibody bound to RSV F protein and identified the 25P13 antibody from an independent blood donor. Our results indicate that both antibodies use germline residues to interact with a conserved surface on F protein that could guide the emergence of cross-reactivity. The induction of similar cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies using structural vaccinology approaches could enhance intrinsic cross-immunity to these paramyxoviruses and approaches to controlling recurring outbreaks.
B Cells Producing Pathogenic Autoantibodies

Abstract Immunoglobulins are generated in B cell precursors through random recombination of V, (D), and J gene segments. Although this process creates an enormous repertoire of antibodies that are able to recognize and eradicate virtually all microbes, it also inevitably produces antibodies that react with antigens of the organism's own tissues. Tolerance mechanisms prevent most developing B cells with autoreactivity from reaching a mature immunocompetent stage. A second wave of generation of autoreactive antibodies occurs in antigen-stimulated GCs through somatic hypermutation, and, again, censoring mechanisms are required. Autoantibodies are found in healthy individuals. Some germline-encoded autoantibodies even have protective properties. Autoantibodies may, however, lead to full-blown autoimmune disorders. This chapter summarizes the origin of autoantibodies and describes their pathogenicity in the context of some selected autoimmune diseases.
Shared-decision making within the context of recovery-oriented care

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the role of shared decision making (SDM) as one component of recovery-oriented care. Design/methodology/approach This paper is conceptual and reviews the literature relevant to recovery-oriented care, person-centered recovery planning (PCRP), and SDM. Findings To the degree to which SDM offers tools for sharing useful information about treatment options with service users and family members or other loved ones, it can be considered a valuable addition to the recovery-oriented armamentarium. It is important to emphasize, though, that recovery-oriented practice has a broader focus on the person’s overall life in the community and is not limited to formal treatments or other professionally delivered interventions. Within the more holistic context of recovery, SDM regarding such interventions is only one tool among many, which needs to be integrated within an overall PCRP process. More emphasis is given within the recovery-oriented care to activating and equipping persons for exercising self-care and for pursuing a life they have reason to value, and the nature of the relationships required to promote such processes will be identified. In describing the nature of these relationships, it will become evident that decision making is only one of many processes that need to be shared between persons in recovery and those who accept responsibility for promoting and supporting that person’s recovery. Originality/value By viewing SDM within the context of recovery, this paper provides a framework that can assist in the implementation of SDM in routine mental health care.
Measurements of the Directional Spectrum across the Equilibrium Saturation Ranges of Wind-Generated Surface Waves

AbstractIt is now well accepted that to better understand the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean, and improve coupled ocean–atmosphere models, surface wave processes need to be taken into account. Here, properties of the directional distributions of the surface wave field across the equilibrium and saturation ranges are investigated from airborne lidar data collected during the ONR Southern California 2013 (SoCal2013) experiment, conducted off the coast of Southern California in November 2013. During the field effort, detailed characterization of the marine atmospheric boundary layer was performed from Research Platform (R/P) Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP), moored at the center of the aircraft operational domain. The wind speed ranged from approximately 1–2 to up to 11 m s−1, while the significant wave height varied from 0.8 to 2.5 m during the 10 days of data collection considered in the analysis. The directional wavenumber spectrum exhibits a clear, bimodal distribution that extends well...
Competitive balance in interscholastic basketball: an examination of policy and non-policy factors.

Disproportional state tournament success within interscholastic boys basketball has been the catalyst for competitive balance policies. State athletic associations adopt policies based on a variety...
Federal Financial Aid and Family Formation: Examining the Social Security Student Benefit Program

A broad empirical literature asks if social policies designed to provide benefits to low-income families also affect family formation patterns. While most of the evidence suggests that family formation effects are small at best, and often nonexistent, recent research argues that policies that alter budget constraints considerably should have greater family formation impacts. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the Social Security Student Benefit Program (SSSBP), a program designed to provide large higher education subsidies for the children of disabled, retired, or deceased parents. Conditions for receipt of SSSBP created strong incentives to delay marriage. Utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979, and a difference-in-differences model, we found that women potentially qualifying for the SSSBP were much less likely to marry before age 22 and were older when they had children, while the program did not influence the probability of women ever marrying or having children. Impacts on men, however, were negligible.
Rhythms of the Heart: An interprofessional community health collaboration to increase cardiovascular health knowledge:

Objectives:Cardiovascular health continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. An interprofessional collaborative team comprising university faculty and undergraduate students developed and presented a community outreach event to provide education and health screening to a diverse group of local residents.Design:An event entitled Rhythms of the Heart was planned and implemented to reach community members.Setting:The event took place on the campus of a private college in Central Florida, USA.Methods:Clinical services, including health screening for blood pressure and body fat, were provided, along with information on the benefits of smoking cessation, physical activity, weight management, healthy diet alternatives and stress reduction. Local community resources and educational materials were supplied to event participants.Results:The event attracted approximately 275 guests. An analysis of feedback from attendees indicated a greater appreciation of music to enhance one’s understand...
Types of Insomnia

Generally speaking, insomnia is defined by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS) and/or by the complaint of nonrestorative sleep. Depending on the nosology or classification system, there are a variety of types and subtypes of insomnia. The broadest conceptualizations regarding insomnia are those in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Disorders, 4th edn, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) which specify primary insomnia and insomnia related to other medical or mental health conditions or to the effects of a medication (often referred to as secondary insomnia). The most specific conceptualizations regarding types of insomnia are those set forth in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edn (ICSD-2), which includes idiopathic insomnia, psychophysiologic insomnia, paradoxical insomnia, inadequate sleep hygiene insomnia, physiological insomnia, and insomnia not otherwise specified (NOS). In addition to these classifications, the ICSD-2 also stipulates that insomnia may be diagnosed as ‘due to’ a mental disorder, a medical condition, or a drug or substance (use or withdrawal). In the present article, the following information will be provided with respect to the types and subtypes of insomnia: History and Nomenclature; Demographics and Prevalence; Onset, Ontogeny, and Clinical Course; Etiology and Pathophysiology; Associative, Predisposing, and Precipitating Factors; and Diagnosis and Treatment. It is important to note that there has been little research on how the types and subtypes differ on most of these dimensions.
Increasing Risk Perception and Understanding of Hurricane Storm Tides Using an Interactive, Web-Based Visualization Approach

ABSTRACT Lindner, B.L.; Johnson, J.; Alsheimer, F.; Duke, S.; Miller, G.D., and Evsich, R., 2018. Increasing risk perception and understanding of hurricane storm tides using an interactive, web-based visualization approach. Previous studies have shown that much of the public misinterprets standard hurricane storm surge text advisories or standard color-coded storm surge maps. A supplemental approach is proposed that allows users to simulate storm tide for various locations, tidal amounts, and hurricane scenarios and then visualize the estimated water depth on photographs of neighborhood landmarks. Potentially, the visual nature of this approach could enhance risk perception and understanding. The interactive aspect of this approach may engage users more than standard approaches, in addition to providing users with more information. Showing the threats at the neighborhood scale could make the risk more apparent and discourage development of risk-prone areas. Vulnerable groups such as the elderly, transient...
Microalbuminuria in Patients with Essential Hypertension. Cardiovascular and Renal Implications

The availability of methods to quantitate small amounts of urinary albumin excretion non detectable by the albustix, has allowed early recognition of renal disease in several pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension. The term microalbuminuria indicates amounts of urinary albumin excretion above the 95% confidence interval of the normal population, but below amounts detectable by semiquantitative methods (30–300 mg/24 hours or 20–200 μ g/min) [1,2,3].Several studies have indicated that microalbuminuria is a marker of glomerular damage, and predicts the development of overt proteinuria and progressive renal failure in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) [4,5,6,7,8] and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [9,10]. In both IDDM and NIDDM patients, microalbuminuria also predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [11,12,13,14]. Treatment of hypertension and administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, even in normotensive patients are of benefit in arresting the progression of diabetic renal disease both in IDDM [15,16,17,18,19] and NIDDM patients [20,21,22]. Some evidence also indicates that microalbuminuria may predict cardiovascular events and perhaps early renal damage in patients with essential hypertension.
Mystery of the Trinity: a Reply to Einar Bøhn

In this journal, Einar Bohn has proposed a solution to the so-called Trinitarian Paradox. After summarizing the Paradox and Bohn’s proposed solution, I argue that those committed to Christian orthodoxy cannot accept the solution, for three reasons: First, it requires positing more kinds of divine entity than God and the Persons of the Trinity; second, it is based upon a false assumption; and, finally, the proposed solution amounts at best to a form of obscurantism.
Osmoregulation in pseudopregnant and prolactin-treated rats: comparison with normal gestation

Osmoregulation was studied throughout rodent pregnancy focusing on the importance of the fetoplacental unit and prolactin in the observed alterations. Plasma osmolality (Posmol) and plasma sodium (PNa), similar in 8-day gravid and virgin Sprague-Dawley rats, decreased significantly by gestational day 10, reaching a nadir 8-10 mosmol/kg and 3-5 meq/l, respectively, below virgin levels by day 14 (both P less than 0.001). Despite this, plasma arginine vasopressin (PAVP) was measurable and similar in all pregnant and virgin groups. Osmotic thresholds for arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, similar in 8-day gravid and virgin rats, decreased 7.7 and 10.7 mosmol/kg in 12- and 14-day pregnant rats, respectively (both P less than 0.001). In contrast, Posmol decreased less than 2 mosmol/kg in 12- to 14-day pseudopregnant animals. When pseudopregnancy was prolonged to 18 days by prior hysterectomy, Posmol was only 2.6 mosmol/kg below that of cycling, hysterectomized controls. In other studies 14 days of hyperprolactinemia evoked by estradiol or treatment with ovine or rat prolactin had minimal effect on Posmol. We conclude that parallel decrements in Posmol and osmotic thresholds for AVP release occur during early rodent pregnancy, alterations that cannot be explained by gestational increases in circulating prolactin. In addition, the failure of pseudopregnancy. to mimic the hypotonicity of gestation suggests an important role for the fetoplacental unit in the osmoregulatory changes of rat pregnancy.
Differential pulmonary immunopathologic response of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection: a retrospective study

Abstract Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen that can impact domestic sheep (Ovis aries; DS) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis; BHS). Experimental and field data have indicated BHS are more susceptible than DS to developing polymicrobial pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection. We hypothesized that DS and BHS have a differential immunopathologic pulmonary response to M. ovipneumoniae infection. A retrospective study was performed using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from DS and BHS without and with M. ovipneumoniae detected in the lung tissue (n=8 per group). While each M. ovipneumoniae positive lung sample had microscopic changes typical of infection, including hyperplasia of intrapulmonary bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and respiratory epithelium, DS exhibited a more robust and well-organized BALT formation as compared to BHS. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies reactive in FFPE tissues and specific for leukocyte and cytokine markers: T cell marker CD3, B cell markers CD20 and CD79a, macrophage markers CD163 and Iba1, and cytokine IL-17. Digital analysis was used to quantitate chromogen deposition in regions of interest (ROIs), including alveolar and bronchiolar areas, and bronchiolar subregions (epithelium and BALT). Main effects and interaction of species and infection status were analyzed by beta regression and Bonferroni corrections were performed on pairwise comparisons (PBon
HDAC6 Inhibition Synergizes with Anti-PD-L1 Therapy in ARID1A-Inactivated Ovarian Cancer.

ARID1A, encoding a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, is the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulator in human cancers and is mutated in more than 50% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC), a disease that currently has no effective therapy. Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) suppresses the growth of ARID1A-mutated tumors and modulates tumor immune microenvironment. Here, we show that inhibition of HDAC6 synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade in ARID1A-inactivated ovarian cancer. ARID1A directly repressed transcription of CD274, the gene encoding PD-L1. Reduced tumor burden and improved survival were observed in ARID1Aflox/flox/PIK3CAH1047R OCCC mice treated with the HDAC6 inhibitor ACY1215 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade as a result of activation and increased presence of IFNγ-positive CD8 T cells. We confirmed that the combined treatment limited tumor progression in a cytotoxic T-cell-dependent manner, as depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated these antitumor effects. Together, these findings indicate that combined HDAC6 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade represents a potential treatment strategy for ARID1A-mutated cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings offer a mechanistic rationale for combining epigenetic modulators and existing immunotherapeutic interventions against a disease that has been so far resistant to checkpoint blockade as a monotherapy.See related commentary by Prokunina-Olsson, p. 5476.
Connectivity for Kite-Linked Graphs.

For a given graph $H$, a graph $G$ is $H$-linked if, for every injection $\varphi: V(H) \to V(G)$, the graph $G$ contains a subdivision of $H$ with $\varphi(v)$ corresponding to $v$, for each $v\in V(H)$. Let $f(H)$ be the minimum integer $k$ such that every $k$-connected graph is $H$-linked. Among graphs $H$ with at least four vertices, the exact value $f(H)$ is only know when $H$ is a path with four vertices or a cycle with four vertices. A kite is graph obtained from $K_4$ by deleting two adjacent edges, i.e., a triangle together with a pendant edge. Recently, Liu, Rolek and Yu proved that every $8$-connected graph is kite-linked. The exact value of $f(H)$ when $H$ is the kite remains open. In this paper, we settle this problem by showing that every 7-connected graph is kite-linked.
The Slave Revolt That Changed the World and the Conspiracy Against It: The Haitian Revolution and the Birth of Scientific Racism:

This paper argues, first, that despite the transnational impact of the Haitian Revolution, it remains mostly unknown in the Western hemisphere. This is primarily the result of an international raci...
Highly Reliable Pulse-Retrieval Algorithm for Frequency-Resolved-Optical-Gating Measurement of Trains of Pulses with Unstable Pulse Shapes

We demonstrate the reliable pulse-shape stability vs. instability indication by using the recently introduced RANA approach for pulse-recovery from FROG traces.
Last Word on Viewpoint: Pick your Poiseuille: normalizing the shear stimulus in studies of flow-mediated dilation

to the editor: We thank all contributors involved in providing commentary to the aforementioned Viewpoint. Discourse regarding the assessment and utility of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the underlying shear stimulus energize and inform future research and practice. Several commentators (see Ref
Abstract P214: Social Network Analysis of a Community Aphasia Group Pre- And Post-Covid: Implications for Future Planning

Introduction: Among the many negative consequences of aphasia is an altered social network. Social network analysis supports an objective, quantitative evaluation of social networks among individuals with aphasia along with potential impacts of social programming and interventions on an individual's social network. Social network analysis may also support better understanding of the impact of Covid on individuals with aphasia. Aims: This pilot evaluation utilized social network analysis via R to evaluate the social network characteristics of a community-based aphasia network across a 12-month pre-Covid period. Social network aphasia group data for a standard duration of time pre- and post-Covid were also compared to identify potential social implications of Covid in a population already at higher risk for reduced social interactions. This presentation will also provide fundamental concepts relevant to social network analysis for those interested in pursuing such analysis in further depth. Methods: Twelve months of pre-Covid aphasia group program attendance data were examined using the visNetwork R package. An additional six months of Covid-era time frame data were also analyzed.The primary relationship function of “a attended b” (where a = individual participant and b = event/setting) was used in the analysis. Multiple social network characteristics were analyzed and displayed including node, edgeness, directionality, weight, and centrality indices across individuals with aphasia, care partners and community members and settings. Results and Conclusions: Network analysis reveals a directed network graph with primarily unidirectional relationships. There is an emergence of several aphasia group participant behavior types, both pre- and post-Covid, relevant for future planning including: communities of individuals who have similar behaviors in terms of type of event attendance;key individuals who are “heavy users” of various services in terms of frequency and breadth of event attendance;and peripheral users who use only one service. Post-Covid social network implications are discussed including supports to mitigate negative impacts of Covid on social network composition.
Abstract B23: Plasma basigin as an early detection biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Poor survival rates for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are in part due to late presentation. Earlier diagnosis is recognized as a means to improve outcomes by increasing the possibility for potentially curative treatment. Identification of early detection biomarkers is a research priority. The stromal compartment is a potential source for biomarkers as a strong desmoplastic response is a hallmark of PDAC. The interaction of mesenchymal, cancer, and inflammatory cells in the tumor induce secretion of autocrine and paracrine effectors and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes that contribute to tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Basigin (BSG), a cell surface glycoprotein, plays a role in the interaction of cancer and mesenchymal cells through the stimulation of extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes. Circulating BSG has also been demonstrated as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker for other cancers. We evaluated the potential utility of plasma BSG as a PDAC diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. BSG levels were measured by ELISA in plasma from 106 healthy control subjects (mean = 3.29 ng/ml, 95% CI =3.0 – 3.6), 77 patients with chronic pancreatitis (3.72 ng/ml, 3.3 – 4.1 CI), and 112 pre-treatment samples from patients with PDAC (4.19 ng/ml, 3.9 – 4.5 CI). Nonparametric analysis revealed a significant difference for the model (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon). By ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests, the distributions of BSG levels in PDAC and healthy control subjects were significantly different (P = 0.0003), but the comparison of PDAC to chronic pancreatitis cases was not significant (P = 0.147). A striking difference was noted after separating the PDAC cases into early stage (I-II) and late stage (III-IV) groups. ANOVA indicated that early stage disease (N = 70, 4.61 ng/ml, 4.2 – 5.0 CI) had significantly elevated BSG levels compared to healthy controls (P The results suggest that circulating BSG is an early stage phenomenon during PDAC development and would apparently be unique in its ability to specifically identify early stage PDAC cases. If validated, this biomarker should substantially contribute to the accuracy of an early detection biomarker panel. Further investigations are warranted into the usefulness of circulating BSG for early detection, selection of patients for surgical resection, identification of recurrence, screening high-risks groups and/or inclusion in panel screens. Citation Format: Samaa Kamal, Matthew A. Firpo, Courtney L. Scaife, Adler G. Douglas, Kenneth M. Boucher, Sean J. Mulvihill. Plasma basigin as an early detection biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Toward a Better Bioethics

It has been argued that bioethicists too often tend to represent the interests of scientists and not of the broader polity. Indeed, bioethicists seem predisposed to discard the voices and viewpoints of all but the cognoscenti. Focusing particularly on human pluripotent stem cell research, this commentary explores a variety of characterizations of bioethics and bioethicists in relation to forbidding science. Rather than proselytizing or prohibiting, bioethicists should work in partnership with scientists and publics to craft scientifically well-informed and morally sophisticated debates about forbidding science.
PEMAR: A pervasive middleware for activity recognition with smart phones

The growing affordability of smart phones and mobile devices has only added to this trend by encouraging prolonged durations of inactivity. In this paper, we present a middleware, called the Pervasive Middleware for Activity Recognition (PEMAR) that aims to increase the level of physical activity by creating a middleware for active games on mobile devices. For the PEMAR application, we present a human centered and adaptive approach that recognizes and learns human activities continuously by employing an activity library. The activity models in the library will be annotated with patterns of human activities and their contexts for general usage of activity models. This will be beneficial to many pervasive applications in terms of the availability of the accurate activity models as well as the reduction of burden for gesture training. The PEMAR middleware is composed of the following: (1) semantic models for human activity, (2) activity analysis, (3) activity recognition, (4) adaptation of motion models, and (5) motion based game applications. We evaluate the proposed PEMAR model in terms of its recognition accuracy and performance. In addition, we demonstrate the usage of the middleware through interactive activity gaming applications.
Rational /spl Lscr//sub 1/ compensators with /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// constraints

This paper presents a rational /spl Lscr//sub 1/ and mixed /spl Lscr//sub 1///spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// compensator design methodology for continuous time systems. The problem formulation involves finding a finite dimensional stabilizing feedback controller that minimizes the /spl Lscr/1 norm of a closed-loop transfer matrix subject to a frequency domain /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// norm constraint on another closed-loop transfer matrix. It is shown that for a one-block problem the optimal solution can be approximated arbitrarily closely in terms of the closed-loop /spl Lscr//sub 1/ norm, by solving a sequence of convex optimization problems over linear matrix inequalities. Numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Providing for practice in Computer Science I

In Computer Science I, students are expected to master the tools of programming as well as learn how to apply them to solve problems. However, most Computer Science textbooks do not provide sufficient exercises or problems to help students practice what they learn. Without such practice, students tend to have a shallow understanding of the programming constructs, and are inadequately prepared to apply the constructs to solve problems. We may use courseware to address this problem of insufficient exercises and examples in textbooks. A courseware module may be built for each topic, which includes/presents an infinite source of examples as well as problems. We are currently building such courseware modules to teach the semantics of programming language constructs. Although the modules are designed for the C programming language, most of them can be easily generalized to any other language. Each of the courseware modules addresses three pedagogical concerns: analysis, synthesis and testing.
Contextualizing the Tools of a Classical and Christian Homeschooling Mother-Teacher

AbstractThis article reports on the resurgence of classical and Christian education in the United States. This education has been especially popular with evangelical homeschooling mother‐teachers. It seeks to cultivate the biblical virtues of truth, goodness, and beauty through contemplating scripture. The curriculum relies on the ancient Trivium tools of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom in order to do this. The inquiry seeks to examine the contexts surrounding a mother‐teacher’s classical and Christian educational practice guided by two questions: (1) Why and how does an evangelical homeschooling mother‐teacher use classical and Christian tools? (2) What are the possibilities and challenges of classical and Christian homeschooling for an evangelical mother‐teacher? This curriculum is illustrated with the portrait of April Greene, an evangelical homeschooling mother‐teacher of two preteen boys. April enacted agency through the complex and dynamic development of her children and herself. April engaged ...
Perspective: The energy-storage revolution

Lithium-ion batteries enabled smartphones to flourish. The next innovation will upend transportation and the grid, says George Crabtree.
Fatty Acid Composition of Lipid Extracts of a Thermophilic Bacillus Species

Fatty acids having 16 or 17 carbon atoms accounted for over 80% of the fatty acids produced by a thermophilic Bacillus species. Under most conditions, branched-chain fatty acids were more abundant than normal fatty acids. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids varied inversely with the growth temperature and was never greater than 14%. When acetate was used as a carbon source, the percentage of fatty acids having 15 or 17 carbon atoms was about twice that found when glucose was used as a carbon source. Increasing the growth temperature from 40 to 60 C resulted in a three-to fourfold increase in the ratio of the normal to branched-chain hexadecanoic acids. Two normal hexadecenoic acids were found and their relative abundance was influenced by the growth temperature.
Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Expression Associated with Inflammation in Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Angiogenesis is a component of chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. Some studies describe increased angiogenesis associated with acute disease in adult Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, while animal models aid investigations of mechanism and pathophysiology of angiogenesis. We aim to explore the role of angiogenesis and its pathways in pediatric Crohn’s disease. Surgical specimens were obtained from pediatric Crohn’s disease (both inflamed and non-inflamed regions of ileum) and control patients. Samples were examined for inflammation, microvessel density, and molecular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, platelet-derived growth factor-β, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2. Angiogenesis and inflammation were increased in parallel in Crohn’s disease compared to controls. We also discovered increased angiogenesis in Crohn’s disease tissue that was relatively free of inflammatory disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A gene expression (P = 0.034) was elevated in Crohn’s disease over controls, while gene expression of platelet-derived growth factor-β (P = 0.069), angiopoietin-1 (P = 0.206), and angiopoietin-2 (P = 0.082) was not significantly elevated. We confirm that inflammation-associated angiogenesis is upregulated in pediatric Crohn’s disease. This population also exhibits elevated mucosal angiogenesis at the surgical margin with limited inflammation. This suggests that angiogenesis is an additional pathologic characteristic to potentially identify normal mucosa and margins of surgical resection that are uninvolved with disease and, furthermore, may have implications for monitoring complete disease remission. We further identify the vascular endothelial growth factor-A pathway involvement in the disease process, which may serve as a future molecular target for anti-angiogenic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
The evolution of the energy stored by a gold-silver alloy cold-worked at −195°C and at room temperature☆

Abstract The energy stored in an 82.6 gold-17.4 silver (by weight) alloy, cold-worked at −195°C and at room temperature, has been measured by tin-solution calorimetry. The effect of annealing upon the energy content retained by samples deformed at these temperatures has been investigated. The stored energy in samples worked at −195°C is shown to anneal out in two distinct stages, while after working at room temperature the stored energy is evolved in only one stage. The results are discussed in terms of the types of lattice imperfections produced by cold working.
A simple procedure for localized mutagenesis using nitrosoguanidine.

A method which we call co-mutagenesis is described for the isolation of temperature sensitive and other types of mutations in any specific small region (1–2%) of the bacterial chromosome. The method is based on observations that NG1 induces multiple mutations and that the induced mutations are by and large confined to the DNA at the chromosome replication forks. We report that the isolation of NG induced mutations of a specific gene provides a simultaneous selection for a population of cells which is highly and preferentially mutagenized in that immediate region of the chromosome. We find that over half of the second site mutations recovered from such a mutagenized population are located within one minute of the selected mutation. This approach provides a simple and rapid method of localized mutagenesis which may be applicable to a broad range of organisms.
Attraction of the cabbage looper to host plants and host plant odor in the laboratory

In a laboratory flight tunnel, mated female, unmated female, and male adult cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), exhibited chemically mediated anemotaxis (attraction) in response to intact potted cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea L.), leading to contact with the plant. Similar attraction responses were also observed by mated females to potted soybean (Glycine max (L.)), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), and celery (Apium graveolens L.) plants in noncompetitive comparisons. Mated females, unmated females, and males flew to cabbage plants throughout the scotophase. Response rates for mated females were higher than for unmated females and males. Mated female cabbage loopers were attracted by odors of cabbage, soybean, tomato, or celery piped into a flight tunnel from single plants held in glass jars and not to odors of the non-host plant Setcreasea purpurea, or to humidified air. They were also attracted to water washings of cabbage at dosages of 0.4 to 2.0 gram equivalents, when presented on cotton dental wicks in the flight tunnel. Resume Attraction au laboratoire de Trichoplusia ni par des plantes hotes ou par l'odeur de plantes-hotes Dans un tunnel de vol, des femelles vierges ou inseminees et des mâles de T. ni Hubner, reagissent par une anemotaxie chimique (attraction) a des plantes entieres de Brassica oleracea L., ce qui a entraine le contact avec le vegetal. Avec Glycine max (L), Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller) et Apium graveolens (L), des attractions du meme type ont ete observees chez des femelles inseminees, mais en absence de competition entre les plantes. Les femelles vierges et inseminees ainsi que les mâles volent vers le chou pendant la scotophase. Le taux de reactions des femelles inseminees a ete le plus eleve. Dans un tunnel de vol, ces memes femelles etaient attirees par les odeurs de plantes isolees de chou, soja, tomate et celeri, mais non par celle de la plante non-hote, Setcreasea purpurea, ou par de l'air humide. Dans le tunnel de vol, elles ont ete attirees aussi par des meches de coton dentaire impregnees d'eau de lavage de chou aux concentrations de 0,4 a 2,0 equivalents grammes.
An investigation of the goals for an environmental science course: teacher and student perspectives

This investigation uses an ethnographic case study approach to explore the benefits and challenges of including a variety of goals within a high school Environmental Science curriculum. The study focuses on environmental education (EE) goals established by the Belgrade Charter (1975), including developing students’ environmental awareness and behavior, but also explores alternative goals including empowerment, presenting a balanced perspective, improving critical thinking skills, and developing an emotional connection with environmental issues. This research, which was conducted at a public high school in the northeast United States, aims to understand the teacher’s reasoning for including the above goals within the curriculum and the students’ reactions to the enactment of these goals. Interview data from 10 student participants and the teacher reveal areas of alignment between teacher and student perspectives regarding goals such as presenting a balanced approach, as well as misalignment in areas such a...
A research note: further evidence of sports records in the middle ages

(1991). A research note: further evidence of sports records in the middle ages. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 417-419.
A joined input-output and econometric approach to endogenous calculations of final demands and outputs

Abstract The principle of interacting between input-output and econometric systems is illustrated so that both final demands and gross outputs are treated as endogenous. Using a planned economy as an example, a model is constructed with an econometric accelerator and an input-output multiplier. Due to its special structure, the system solution is found with immediate formulas without matrix inverting. Necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability are formulated on the basis of the specific characteristics of the system's matrix. The results are interpreted in terms of familiar economic categories.