cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reevaluation of Proneotherium repenningi from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Oregon and its position as a basal odobenid (Pinnipedia: Mammalia)

ABSTRACT New crania, dentitions, and postcrania of the fossil pinniped, Proneotherium repenningi are described from the early to middle Miocene-age Astoria Formation of Lincoln County, Oregon. This sample includes specimens of four adult individuals; all probably males. The skull of Proneotherium repenningi shares many generalized features with basal pinnipeds (e.g., species of Enaliarctos) including its overall elongation, low profile, low sagittal crest, well developed lambdoidal crests, slender zygomatic arches, small orbits, slightly arched palate, dental formulae, and distinct embrasure pit. Proneotherium, however, differs from species of Enaliarctos in possession of a continuous and horizontal crest connecting the mastoid and paroccipital processes and in having a less secodont dentition. The molariform premolar dentition of Proneotherium is noteworthy and can be interpreted as representing the initial stage in a morphologic series that extends through Neotherium to Imagotaria. This morphologic seri...
AT-04TARGETING Myc DRIVEN TRANSCRIPTIONAL OUTPUT IN ATYPICAL TERATOID RHABDOID TUMOR.

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) is a highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor with poor outcomes characterized by loss of the ATP dependent chromatin remodeling protein SMARCB1. We recently performed transcriptomic analysis and identified BMP signaling as an adverse prognostic marker in ATRT. We also identified EZH2 as a key epigenetic regulator in ATRT. To further evaluate ATRT biology we reexamined our patient derived transcriptomic data using bioinformatics tools. Using GSEA and Ingenuity network analysis we found that C-Myc driven transcriptional signatures are over represented in ATRT compared to normal brain. C-myc is overexpressed in ATRT patient samples and in tumor cell lines. These data are supported by previous studies that suggest Myc transcription is suppressed by SMARCB1. Genetic inhibition of C-myc potently suppresses ATRT cell growth in vitro. Importantly inhibition of C-myc strongly attenuates ATRT cell self-renewal and promotes senescence by activating cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors. We next tested a new small molecule inhibitor of Myc activity, JQ1. JQ1 inhibits BRD4 activity and thus suppresses Myc driven signaling. We show that JQ1 suppresses ATRT cell growth in vitro and decreases proliferation as measured by BrdU incorporation. JQ1 also inhibited C-myc activity as measured by luciferase reporter assays. Further JQ1 strongly suppressed the ability of ATRT cells to migrate and invade in vitro. In vivo JQ1 slowed growth of intracranial orthotopic ATRT tumors compared to DMSO control treated animals. Tumor weights were significantly smaller at necropsy in JQ1 treated animals. Most importantly JQ1 significantly increased the latency of ATRT tumor formation in vivo in a minimal residual disease model of ATRT. These data highlight the importance of c-Myc driven transcription in ATRT and provide rationale for therapeutically targeting ATRT with BET inhibitors.
Recent synthetic applications of the dealkoxycarbonylation reaction. Part 1. Dealkoxycarbonylations of malonate esters

The purpose of this review is to update (publications from 1981 to mid 2006) the synthetic applications of dealkoxycarbonylations of malonate esters, β-keto esters (and related esters with α-substituted electron-withdrawing functionalities) induced by heating with water or with water in the presence of salts (such as NaCN, NaCl or LiCl) in dipolar aprotic solvents. The presentation will be divided in two parts. In Part 1, discussion will focus on the dealkoxycarbonylations of malonate esters. Part 2 (to follow as a separate paper) will deal with the dealkoxycarbonylations of β-keto esters and α-cyano esters (and related analogues).
Differential Mobility Spectrometry–Mass Spectrometry for Atomic Analysis

Analysis and separation of atomic ions within a portable setting are studied in forensic applications of radiological debris analysis. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) may be used to show separation of atomic ions, while the related method of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has focused on fractionation of primarily molecular components. We set out to investigate DMS as a means for separating atomic ions. We initially derived the differential ion mobility parameter, alpha, from classic empirical IMS data of atomic ions, cesium and potassium, each showing its own distinct form of alpha. These alpha functions were applied to DMS simulations and supported by analytical treatment that suggested a means for a rapid disambiguation of atomic ions using DMS. We validated this hypothesis through the prototype cesium–potassium system investigated experimentally by DMS coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Such a feature would be advantageous in a field portable instrument for rapid atomic analyses especially in...
GENOME EDITING IN HUMAN STEM CELLS

The use of custom-engineered sequence-specific nucleases (including CRISPR/Cas9, ZFN, and TALEN) allows genetic changes in human cells to be easily made with much greater efficiency and precision than before. Engineered double-stranded DNA breaks can efficiently disrupt genes, or, with the right donor vector, engineer point mutations and gene insertions. However, a number of design considerations should be taken into account to ensure maximum gene targeting efficiency and specificity. This is especially true when engineering human embryonic stem or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are more difficult to transfect and less resilient to DNA damage than immortalized tumor cell lines. Here, we describe a protocol for easily engineering genetic changes in human iPSCs, through which we typically achieve targeting efficiencies between 1% and 10% without any subsequent selection steps. Since this protocol only uses the simple transient transfection of plasmids and/or single-stranded oligonucleotides, most labs will easily be able to perform it. We also describe strategies for identifying, cloning, and genotyping successfully edited cells, and how to design the optimal sgRNA target sites and donor vectors. Finally, we discuss alternative methods for gene editing including viral delivery vectors, Cas9 nickases, and orthogonal Cas9 systems.
Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar disc disease.

Summary In a follow-up study of a large group of patients who had been treated by chemonucleolysis, of those patients who had definite neurologic change in the form of reflex, sensory, or motor disturbance, 74 per cent had reverted to normalcy by the time of evaluation one year after injection. The most significant complication (anaphylaxis) was found in 1 per cent of our first 500 patients, but after we started using preoperative steroids along with other safeguards, we were able to control this complication. It is still something to be constantly on guard against. A mildly extruded nucleus pulposus is not a contraindication in chemonucleolysis. A sequestered one is.1 Patients who have had previous low back surgery have a lower percentage of satisfactory results than those who have not had previous surgery. Chemonucleolysis does not prejudice the chances of a good clinical result if a subsequent open surgical procedure is necessary. Preoperative psychological testing is a very effective predictor of end results in relation to pain relief from chemonucleolysis. Studies in our laboratory again confirm beyond a doubt that, in the dog, injection of very large amount of chymopapain in the epidural space of the lumbar spine has no effect on the subarachnoid contents, the dura, or the spinal nerves as they lie outside the dura and exit through the intervertebral foramina. The rare patient in whom there is a direct communication between the disc space and the subarachonoid space can be detected as the contrast medium is injected. If, by chance, chymopapain were inadvertently injected intrathecally, the maximum dose of that would be injected at any one level, 8 mg, would be well within the tolerable range in the human being.
Sorbent materials for rapid remediation of wash water during radiological event relief

Procedures for removing harmful radiation from interior and exterior surfaces of homes and businesses after a nuclear or radiological disaster may generate large volumes of radiologically contaminated waste water. Rather than releasing this waste water to potentially contaminate surrounding areas, it is preferable to treat it onsite. Retention barrels are a viable option because of their simplicity in preparation and availability of possible sorbent materials. This study investigated the use of aluminosilicate clay minerals as sorbent materials to retain (137)Cs, (85)Sr, and (152)Eu. Vermiculite strongly retained (137)Cs, though other radionuclides displayed diminished affinity for the surface. Montmorillonite exhibited increased affinity to sorb (85)Sr and (152)Eu in the presence of higher concentrations of (137)Cs. To simulate flow within retention barrels, vermiculite was mixed with sand and used in small-scale column experiments. The GoldSim contaminate fate module was used to model breakthrough and assess the feasibility of using clay minerals as sorbent materials in retention barrels. The modeled radionuclide breakthrough profiles suggest that vermiculite-sand and montmorillonite-sand filled barrels could be used for treatment of contaminated water generated from field operations.
Abstract 726: Involvement of proinflammatory chemokines in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 12-24% of total breast cancer, and contributes to the more aggressive, therapy-resistant and poorer outcomes. Our analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that basal-like BC subtype representing TNBC has enriched expression profiles for epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFa) compared to other subtypes. In addition, TNBC has a higher proinflammatory index compared to non-TNBC. Here we report that the proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL1-3 and 8 are highly expressed in human TNBC cells and might be potentiated by TGFa-EGFR axis that contributes to cancer progression of TNBC. Methods: To gauge the role of TGFa-EGFR axis as a proinflammatory driver in TNBC cells, we first checked the expression profiles for EGFR family such as EGFR, HER2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 between TNBC (MCF10A, MB468, MB231, and BT549) and non-TNBC cells (MCF7, T47D). In addition, the expression levels of downstream signaling for EGFR (Akt/Erk) were measured by western blot. To dissect the role of TGFa-EGFR axis in enhancing proinflammatory index in TNBC cells, we utilized a more comprehensive study of the chemokines and chemokine receptors using human chemokine PCR array. Finally, to further confirm the role of TGFa-EGFR axis in inflammatory burden and cancer progression in TNBC, we used EGFR inhibitor and its downstream targets. Results: TNBC cells expressed more proinflammatory chemokines such as CXCL1-3 and 8 compared to non-TNBC cells. TNBC cells (MB468, MB231, and BT549) showed higher expression of EGFR which led to higher Akt activation as compared to non-TNBC cells. However, Erk is only activated in MB231. To dissect the involvement of Akt, expression of Akt isoforms in TNBC cells was accessed and Akt1 is the predominant isoform expressed in TNBC cells. To further assess the involvement of Akt1 in proinflammatory burden in TNBC cells, we used a commercial siRNA of Akt1 to knockdown Akt1. Knockdown of Akt1 significantly reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity. In addition, afatinib (an EGFR inhibitor) and MK2206 (an Akt inhibitor) significantly reduced the CXCL2 promoter activity. Conclusion: Thus, higher expression of proinflammatory chemokines CXCL1-3, and 8, via TGFa-EGFR axis-activated Akt, contributes to the inflammatory burden, probably promoting cancer progression, thereby followed by the overall high mortality in TNBC compared to non-TNBC. Citation Format: Rosa Mistica C. Ignacio, Carla Gibbs, Eun-Sook Lee, Deok-Soo Son. Involvement of proinflammatory chemokines in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 726.
Self Love and Christian Ethics: Self love in Christian ethics

As historians of ethics have noted, since the eighteenth century theological ethical attention has shifted away from the divine–human relation to interpersonal human relations. As the classical coordination of self love with love for God receded, so, too, did many resources for thinking about the self's relation to the divine as the central sphere of moral activity. Rather, concern for the neighbor became the province of ethics. The person's interior life and religious status before God were disentangled from the person's relation to others, and were distinguished more sharply from public activity and relations. While an historical and causal account of this shift lies beyond the scope of this project, we should note several important aspects of this shift. First, it signaled that the self's relation with God should not instrumentalize the neighbor. Second, it testifies to divine intentions that do not concern and may even thwart individual human flourishing. Third, and somewhat ironically, it re-cast the self's relation with God in terms of an existential decision or posture. This reconception of faith is part of a larger apologetic project which shifted attention away from revealed religion toward forms of natural religion which tended to emphasize the moral dimensions of Christianity and render faith as an aid to living well. While positions which exemplify this shift vary considerably, the self's relation to the divine often was re-thought either in terms of dependence (Schleiermacher) or freedom (Ritschl).
Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells as an effective cell source for transplantation therapy in stroke

This review examines stem cells harvested from human amniotic fluid and considers their possible applications in regenerative medicine, specifically for stroke therapy. Providing an early-stage, highly differentiable source of mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid shows the potential to be effective in the development of future stem cell-based transplantation. This paper underscores the importance of pursuing amniotic fluid as a stem cell source in stroke therapy, citing both the characteristics and the demonstrated functional benefits of these cells in animal models. Additional research is required to discover the full range of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells' (AFSCs) applications but these cells have thus far demonstrated the ability to be applied to a wide array of existing and future treatment methods. Both amniotic fluid- and amnion membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) have their merits, and this assessment will accordingly provide a comparison of the benefits and drawbacks of both cell sources.
Multi-obstacle avoidance for UAVs in indoor applications

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have seen increased use in indoor operation with applications to disaster recovery, inspection in manufacturing industry, and in health care system. For this reason, it is necessary to develop an obstacle avoidance scheme for UAVs flying under limited altitude. This work is focused on multi obstacle avoidance for quadcopter type UAV. A collision-free margin was modeled into the geometry of the obstacles before a navigation path was generated. The strategy, namely Simple Navigation Algorithm used Artificial Navigation Potential to generate a new way point for the flying robot. The approach was verified using MATLAB.
A Porous Array of Clock Qubits

Realizing atomic-level spatial control over qubits, the fundamental units of both quantum information processing systems and quantum sensors, constitutes a crucial cross-field challenge. Toward this end, embedding electronic-spin-based qubits within the framework of a crystalline porous material is a promising approach to create precise arrays of qubits. Realizing porous hosts for qubits would also impact the emerging field of quantum sensing, whereby porosity would enable analytes to infuse into a sensor matrix. However, building viable qubits into a porous material is an appreciable challenge because of the extreme sensitivity of qubits to local magnetic noise. To insulate these frameworks from ambient magnetic signals, we borrowed from atomic physics the idea to exploit clock transitions at avoided level crossings. Here, sensitivity to magnetic noise is inherently limited by the flat slope of the so-called clock transition. More specifically, we created an array of clocklike qubits within a metal–organ...
Gamma-Induced Electron Emission from Conducting Surfaces

The current from the surfaces of metals exposed in vacuum to 60Co gamma radiation was measured to determine the electron emission. The metals were in the form of solid cylinders 1.27-cm (0.50-in.) ...
Restoration algorithms in multi-layer multi-domain optical network with traffic grooming capacity

This thesis concentrates on restoration algorithm of multi-layer multi-domain grooming optical network. Abrupt breakdown will lead to a large number of business interruption and bring serious consequences. Therefore, the survivability problem of optical network is very important. Restoration algorithms are significant contents of survivability technology. Because grooming algorithm and restoration algorithm have common feature in nature, combining both of them is a feasible scheme. Firstly, a novel inter-domain grooming algorithm named IDGA is proposed to solve the problem of inter-domain business grooming, which uses intra-domain grooming algorithm to search minimum cost link between source node and gateway node in source domain. Using the same method to search minimum cost link between gateway node and destination node at the same time. So inter-domain grooming is achieved by two gateway nodes for the propose of establishing connection for low-speed business. On the basis, a multi-layer multi-domain restoration algorithm (MMRA) against four kinds of network faults including router fault, OXC fault, optical fiber fault and mixed fault is raised. When the network fault occurs, the fault recovery node will start restoration algorithm according to the fault type and location. Simulation evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in reducing restoration time and blocking ratio, improving the resource utilization ratio and fault recovery ratio.
Practicing What We Preach: Reclaiming the Promise of Multicultural Transition Programming:

Translating multicultural research and theory into practices that improve transition outcomes for all children especially, youth who come from predominantly culturally and ethnically diverse (CED) ...
Disease Burden and Outcome in Children and Young Adults With Concurrent Graves Disease and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Context Adults with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and Graves disease (GD) demonstrate a greater reported disease burden and aggressive DTC behavior. To date, no studies have examined the impact and long-term outcome of concurrent GD and DTC (GD-DTC) in children and young adults. Design Single institution, retrospective longitudinal cohort study between 1997 and 2016. Participants One hundred thirty-nine children and young adults with DTC, diagnosed at median age 15 (range, 5 to 23) years, compared with 12 patients with GD-DTC, median age 18 (range, 12 to 20) years. Major Outcome Measures Patient demographics, preoperative imaging, fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, operative and pathological reports, laboratory studies, treatment, and subsequent 2-year outcomes. Results Compared with DTC, patients with GD-DTC were significantly older at the time of DTC diagnosis (P < 0.01). Patients with GD-DTC were more likely to exhibit microcarcinoma (P < 0.01), and 2 of 12 (17%) demonstrated tall cell variant papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) vs 2 of 139 (2%) in patients who had DTC alone (P = 0.03). Although patients with DTC showed greater lymphovascular invasion (60% vs 25%; P = 0.03), no group differences were noted in extrathyroidal extension, regional lymph node, and distant or lung metastasis. There were no group differences in the 2-year outcome for remission, persistent disease, or recurrence. Conclusions Concurrent DTC in pediatric patients with GD is not associated with a greater disease burden at presentation and shows no significant difference in 2-year outcomes compared with DTC alone. Similar to adults, microcarcinoma and tall cell variant PTC is prevalent in pediatric patients with GD-DTC. For patients who have GD-DTC with an identified nodule on ultrasound imaging prior to definitive therapy, FNA biopsy is recommended to guide definitive treatment.
The Cultural Character of Psychology

Now that I have described the power of qualitative methodology to elucidate psychological quality, let us use it to investigate the cultural character of psychological phenomena.“The cultural character of psychology” is an unfamiliar phrase. We must explain it in order to clarify the subject matter that our methodology is designed to investigate. Only then will we be able to construct a methodology that is adequate to its subject matter. Clarifying the cultural character of psychology will help to avoid the positivists’ error of methodological a priorism, or formulating methodological canons without regard for the subject matter they are designed to investigate. A preoccupation with method, per se, undermines the empirical value of methodology because it does not consider the actual properties of phenomena. The empirical value of methodology is enhanced by first understanding the subject matter that it is designed to investigate.
Microencapsulation and antimicrobial activity of carvacrol in a pectin-alginate matrix

Abstract Carvacrol is a natural phenolic compound that has received great attention for its high antimicrobial activity. However, the applications of this compound are limited due to its high volatility and low water solubility. In this research, the use of food grade polymers for microencapsulation of carvacrol in a pectin-alginate matrix using a spray drying method was studied. The physical properties, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and the microstructure of the microcapsules were analyzed as well as the products’ antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The microcapsules were regularly spherical particles with 4.51% moisture content, 0.33 g cm−3 bulk density, 4.55 min wettability, and a hygroscopicity of 34.44 g 100 g−1. The microcapsules also showed high encapsulation efficiency (76.98%) and stability. The microencapsulation process did not significantly affect the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K12 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.25 mg mL−1) and antioxidant activity (DPPH percentage inhibition (PI) = 89.96%) of carvacrol. The results indicated that the carvacrol microcapsule product can potentially be used as a controlled-release decontaminator in food and nutraceutical processing industries.
PET imaging of dopamine release in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates.

Humans and non-human primates exposed to excess levels of manganese (Mn) exhibit deficits in working memory and attention. Frontal cortex and fronto-striatal networks are implicated in working memory and these circuits rely on dopamine for optimal performance. Here, we aimed to determine if chronic Mn exposure alters in vivo dopamine release (DAR) in the frontal cortex of non-human primates. We used [11 C]-FLB457 positron emission tomography with amphetamine challenge to measure DAR in Cynomolgus macaques. Animals received [11 C]-FLB457 positron emission tomography scans with and without amphetamine challenge prior to Mn exposure (baseline), at different time points during the Mn exposure period, and after 10 months of Mn exposure cessation. Four of six Mn-exposed animals expressed significant impairment of frontal cortex in vivo DAR relative to baseline. One Mn animal had no change in DAR and another Mn animal expressed increased DAR relative to baseline. In the reversal studies, one Mn-exposed animal exhibited complete recovery of DAR while the second animal had partial recovery. In both animals, frontal cortex Mn concentrations normalized after 10 months of exposure cessation based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. D1-dopamine receptor (D1R) autoradiography in frontal cortex tissue indicates that Mn animals that experienced cessation of Mn exposure expressed D1R levels that were approximately 50% lower than Mn animals that did not experience cessation of Mn exposure or control animals. The present study provides evidence of Mn-induced alterations in frontal cortex DAR and D1R that may be associated with working memory and attention deficits observed in Mn-exposed subjects.
Impact of Rurality on National Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Long-Term Survival

PURPOSE Thyroid cancer incidence is rising, possibly secondary to increased imaging and surveillance. Based on rural access to care disparities, we hypothesized that incidence would be greater in urban compared to rural counties with no significant difference in long-term survival. METHODS An observational study was performed on thyroid cancer patients using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data (2000-2012). Age-adjusted incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and survival rates were calculated across rural-urban designations. FINDINGS Incidence rates were 11.2, 9.8, and 10.1 per 100,000 for urban, rural-adjacent, and rural-nonadjacent counties, respectively. Statistically significantly lower incidence was noted in rural-adjacent and rural-nonadjacent compared to urban areas. Five-year and 10-year survival was significantly lower in rural-nonadjacent counties compared to urban counties. CONCLUSIONS Higher incidence and increased long-term survival for thyroid cancer were noted in urban areas compared to rural areas. It is uncertain if rural-urban differences in long-term survival reflect health care disparities, differences in therapy, or other origins.
Core−Shell Quantum Dots of Lattice-Matched ZnCdSe2 Shells on InP Cores: Experiment and Theory

Lattice-matched ZnCdSe2 concentric epilayer shells up to 50 A in thickness have been grown on InP core quantum dots (QDs). The quality of the epitaxially grown shells was monitored by absorption and emission spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Shell growth was shown to be controllable and was consistently accompanied by a large red shift of the absorption and emission spectra. This results from increased electron delocalization and, hence, lower confinement energy compared to core QDs with no shell. Core−shell nanocrystals also show higher quantum yields for emission since the interface of the QDs is better passivated and deep surface trap luminescence is converted into band-edge luminescence. Theoretical calculations of the electron probability density in these core−shell QDs were made using high-level self-consistent field and tight-binding methods; the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental results.
Data Rhetoric and Uneasy Alliances: Data Advocacy in US Labor History

To gain historical perspective on the role of technical expertise in the labor movement, we explore the data-driven practices of mid-century American labor unionists who appropriated techniques from scientific management to advocate for workers. Analyzing the data artifacts and academic writings of the Management Engineering department of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, we describe the rhetorical use of data within a mutual-gains model of participation. We draw insights from the challenges faced by the department, assess the feasibility of implementing these approaches in the present, and identify opportunities for the participatory design of workplace advocacy systems moving forward.
Sparse-to-Dense: Depth Prediction from Sparse Depth Samples and a Single Image

We consider the problem of dense depth prediction from a sparse set of depth measurements and a single RGB image. Since depth estimation from monocular images alone is inherently ambiguous and unreliable, to attain a higher level of robustness and accuracy, we introduce additional sparse depth samples, which are either acquired with a low-resolution depth sensor or computed via visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms. We propose the use of a single deep regression network to learn directly from the RGB-D raw data, and explore the impact of number of depth samples on prediction accuracy. Our experiments show that, compared to using only RGB images, the addition of 100 spatially random depth samples reduces the prediction root-mean-square error by 50% on the NYU-Depth-v2 indoor dataset. It also boosts the percentage of reliable prediction from 59 % to 92 % on the KITTI dataset. We demonstrate two applications of the proposed algorithm: a plug-in module in SLAM to convert sparse maps to dense maps, and super-resolution for LiDARs. Software22https://github.com/fangchangma/sparse-to-dense and video demonstration33https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNIIT_M7×7Y are publicly available.
Automated Insulin Delivery Algorithms

IN BRIEF Automated insulin delivery (AID; also known as artificial pancreas) has improved the regulation of blood glucose concentrations, reduced the frequency of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes, and improved the quality of life of people with diabetes and their families. Three different types of algorithms—proportional-integral-derivative control, model predictive control, and fuzzy-logic knowledge-based systems—have been used in AID control systems. This article will highlight the foundations of these algorithms and discuss their strengths and limitations. Multivariable artificial pancreas and dual-hormone (insulin and glucagon) systems will be introduced.
A Scalable 60 GHz Tx/Rx 2x64-Element Dual-Polarized Dual-Beam Wafer-Scale Phased-Array with Integrated Dual-Transceivers

This paper presents a scalable 60 GHz 2x64-element transmit/receive (TRX) dual-polarized/dual-beam wafer-scale phased-array with integrated dual up/down converters. The entire phased-array is built as a single reticle and occupies 21x21 mm2. The phased-array is based on RF beam-forming TRX channels with 5-bit phase control, 9-bit amplitude control, 1:64 nested distribution networks with amplifiers, and dual-transceivers with a shared LO path for transmit and receive modes. The high-efficiency quartz superstrate dipole antennas are electromagnetically coupled to the TRX channels using on-wafer antenna feeds, which are spaced λ/2 apart in the x- and y-directions. The 64-element array scans to ±50° and results in near ideal patterns for both polarizations in the E- and H-planes with side-lobe and cross-polarization levels <-13 dB and <-30 dB, respectively. The measured saturated EIRP is 38.5 dBm and 37 dBm for V- and H-polarizations with ~60-64 GHz 3-dB bandwidth, respectively. A communication link is also demonstrated with 64-QAM waveform achieving 4.2 Gbps at 1.25 m distance with 2.63% EVM. The phased-array is infinitely-scalable and to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first fully-polarimetric large-scale transmit/receive phased-array with dual transceivers.
Rip Currents and Wave Groups

The field data collected at Torrey Pines Beach in November 1978, were used to study the offshore wave groups, the wave-induced nearshore circulations and their generation mechanisms on a beach with relatively simple bathymetry. Unlike the theoretical models of nearshore circulation based on deterministic mechanisms, the mean currents at natural beaches of dissipative type (where the ratio of deep water wave steepness to beach slope is high and waves break cleanly) are superimposed on very energetic infragravity waves. Migrating and pulsating rip currents with long alongshore wave length scales were particularly difficult to detect, using the current meter array, despite the visual observations of rip currents. A special instrument, consisting of tripod-mounted current meter and a pressure sensor, linked to shore by telemetry, was designed to make measurements in a stationary rip current (see Chapter 4); however, it proved of little value, due primarily to the lack of stationarity of the nearshore circulation system.
Logos, Global Justice, and the Reality Principle

This chapter analyzes the relation between Freud’s theory of the reality principle and the rhetorical category of logos. In drawing from Steven Pinker’s Enlightenment Now, I argue that modern reason has played a key role in global progress. This privileging of reason is countered by Zizek’s claim that it is impossible to apply logos in a neutral manner. Instead of opposing the Real and the Symbolic, Zizek locates conflict and contradiction in the Real itself.
Washington View: How the federal government can support schools: Words of wisdom from Richard Riley

Maria Ferguson interviews Richard Riley, former U.S. secretary of education. Riley shares his thoughts on what the federal government should be doing to support schools during the COVID-19 pandemic...
Reduced rotavirus vaccine efficacy in protein malnourished human-faecal-microbiota-transplanted gnotobiotic pig model is in part attributed to the gut microbiota.

The low efficacy of human rotavirus (HRV) vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remains a major challenge for global health. Protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor) affects the gut...
Reading Abilities Post Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose People with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often struggle with complex reading, limiting participation in work and educational settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined stud...
Leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder: A SEER database study and comparison to leiomyosarcomas of the uterus and extremities/trunk

Abstract No well-established staging system exists for bladder leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and the current staging system does not include tumor size, a thoroughly validated prognostic parameter for sarcomas. Uterine and extremity/trunk LMS are more common than those in the bladder and have well-established staging systems incorporating tumor size. We aim to improve the understanding of LMS of the urinary bladder by assessing cancer-specific survival (CSS) and comparing LMS at this unusual anatomic site to those arising at other sites using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The SEER database (1973–2013) was queried for bladder, uterus, and trunk/extremity LMS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to identify predictors of CSS for each anatomic location and used to compare outcomes at different sites. We identified 165 bladder, 4987 uterus, and 2536 extremity/trunk LMS cases. Five-year CSS was 52% for uterus, 73% for bladder, and 82% for extremity/trunk LMS. For LMS at all sites, uterine location (HR = 2.14, P
An H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models to account for spatial variability in ground response analyses Part I: Model development

Many recent studies have shown that we are generally unable to accurately replicate recorded ground motions at most borehole array sites using available subsurface geotechnical information and one-...
Nerve Root Sparing En Bloc Resection of Sacral Chondrosarcoma: Technical Note and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Total en bloc sacrectomy provides the best long-term local control for large primary bony sacral tumors, but often requires lumbosacral nerve root sacrifice leading to loss of ambulation and/or bowel, bladder, and/or sexual dysfunction. Nerve-sparing techniques may be an option for some patients that avoid these outcomes and accordingly improve postoperative quality of life. OBJECTIVE To describe the technique for a posterior-only en bloc hemisacrectomy with maximal nerve root preservation and to summarize the available literature. METHODS A 38-yr-old woman with a 7.7 × 5.4 × 4.5 cm biopsy-proven grade 2 chondrosarcoma involving the left L5-S2 posterior elements underwent a posterior-only left hemisacrectomy tri-rod L3-pelvis fusion. A systematic review of the English literature was also conducted to identify other descriptions of high sacrectomy with distal sacral nerve root preservation. RESULTS Computer-aided navigation facilitated an extracapsular resection that allowed preservation of the left-sided L5 and S3-Co roots. Negative margins were achieved and postoperatively the patient retained ambulation and good bowel/bladder function. Imaging at 9-mo follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence. The systematic review identified 4 prior publications describing 6 total patients who underwent nerve-sparing sacral resection. Enneking-appropriate resection was only obtained in 1 case though. CONCLUSION Here we describe a technique for distal sacral nerve root preservation during en bloc hemisacrectomy for a primary sacral tumor. Few prior descriptions exist, and the present technique may help to reduce the neurological morbidity of sacral tumor surgery.
A rat knock out model of human familial adenomatous polyposis

4844 Humans with mutations in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene get hundreds to thousands of adenomas in the colon and develop colorectal cancer, however current mouse models of human intestinal cancer, including the ApcMin model developed at the McArdle Laboratory, develop lesions primarily in the small intestine and have never been observed to metastasize. We have generated a rat knock out of Apc in which the animals develop primarily colonic tumors by 90 days of age. We have termed this allele Pirc for polyposis in rat colon. Our group has recently developed the technology to knock out rat genes of interest through mutagenesis with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). We screened 2530 base pairs of exon 15 of the rat Apc gene from genomic DNA in the offspring of mutagenized Fisher-344 inbred rats using a universal vector gap repair yeast truncation assay (Biotechniques. 2004 Sep;37(3):383-8). Screening of 1360 progeny yielded a single mutant with an A to T transversion changing a lysine to a stop codon at amino acid position 1137. Upon abstract submission the founder male is 260 days old, remains fertile, and has successfully transmitted the mutation to 60 progeny. Ten of the resulting mutant N1 animals were brother-sister mated and their offspring confirmed that the ApcPirc allele is homozygous lethal. Necropsy of six N1 ApcPirc heterozygotes, three at 90 days and three at 130 days of age, identified an average of 6 visible adenomatous polyps in the colon, while six wild type age-matched littermates were tumor-free. Histological immunofluorescence staining of four of the tumors for β-catenin confirmed the tumor-associated relocalization of β-catenin from the lateral membrane to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The affected animals showed neither visible lesions nor β-catenin relocalization in the small intestine. Pirc/+ animals treated somatically with ENU at 2 weeks of age develop in excess of 100 microadenomas in the distal small intestine and colon by 60 days post injection. No lesions were seen in the ENU treated non-carriers. ApcPirc was successfully crossed to Wistar-Furth and intercrossing of the F1 carriers determined that the ApcPirc allele was homozygous lethal in the F2 progeny. Ongoing studies include the examination of tumor number and distribution in older carrier N1 and F1 animals as well as the effects of a high fat diet on N1 animals. The primary localization of tumors to the colon recapitulates human intestinal cancer, addressing one of the major drawbacks of ApcMin and other mouse models that have a primarily small-intestinal distribution. The colonic phenotype and longer life span of the ApcPirc rat combined with the growing resources of rat genetics, genomics and biology indicate that the rat may be an advantageous model for human tumor progression and experimental treatment of colon cancer.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing compounds

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a biofilm forming bacterium, commonly affects cystic fibrosis, burn victims, and immunocompromised patients. PA produces pyocyanin, an aromatic, redox active, secondary metabolite as part of its quorum sensing signaling system activated during biofilm formation. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors composed of Au nanospheres chemically assembled into clusters on diblock copolymer templates were fabricated and the ability to detect pyocyanin to monitor biofilm formation was investigated. Electromagnetic full wave simulations of clusters observed in scanning electron microcopy images show that the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength is 696 nm for a dimer with a gap spacing of 1 nm in an average dielectric environment of the polymer and analyte; the local electric field enhancement is on the order of 400 at resonance, relative to free space. SERS data acquired at 785 nm excitation from a monolayer of benzenethiol on fabricated samples was compared with Raman data of pure benzenethiol and enhancement factors as large as 8×10 9 were calculated that are consistent with simulated field enhancements. Using this system, the limit of detection of pyocyanin in pure gradients was determined to be 10 parts per billion. In SERS data of the supernatant from the time dependent growth of PA shaking cultures, pyocyanin vibrational modes were clearly observable during the logarithmic growth phase corresponding to activation of genes related to biofilm formation. These results pave the way for the use of SERS sensors for the early detection of biofilm formation, leading to reduced healthcare costs and better patient outcomes.
Efficient layering for high speed communication: the MPI over Fast Messages (FM) experience

We describe our experience of designing, implementing, and evaluating two generations of high performance communication libraries, Fast Messages (FM) for Myrinet. In FM 1, we designed a simple interface and provided guarantees of reliable and in-order delivery, and flow control. While this was a significant improvement over previous systems, it was not enough. Layering MPI atop FM 1 showed that only about 35% of the FM 1 bandwidth could be delivered to higher level communication APIs. Our second generation communication layer, FM 2, addresses the identified problems, providing gather-scatter, interlayer scheduling, receiver flow control, as well as some convenient API features which simplify programming. FM 2 can deliver 55–95% to higher level APIs such as MPI. This is especially impressive as the absolute bandwidths delivered have increased over fourfold to 90 MB/s. We describe general issues encountered in matching two communication layers, and our solutions as embodied in FM 2.
Scientific Management of Science

A framework is advanced for allocating research resources, based on the value of the information that proposed projects are expected to produce. As an organizing device, the framework uses integrated assessments, showing the relationships between the predictors of outcomes arising in important decisions (e.g., interest rates, mortality rates, crop yields, crime probabilities). Proposed projects are evaluated in terms of their ability to sharpen estimates either of those variables or of the relationships among them. This approach is intended to allow diverse forms of science to show their potential impacts – while encouraging them to integrate their work. Where suitable estimates are available, the expected value of the information from alternative studies can be computed and compared. However, even at a qualitative level, formal analyses can improve the efficiency and integration of research programs.
Renal tubular acidosis in children treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole during therapy for acute lymphoid leukemia.

The antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), when used in combination, can cause metabolic acidosis, renal bicarbonate wasting, and growth failure. Retrospective review of repeated random serum chemistries from 10 children receiving TMP-SMZ and maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoid leukemia revealed low serum bicarbonate (P = .0002) and elevated serum chloride (P less than .0005) concentrations. These values normalized after all medications were discontinued. Prospective study of 8 children receiving TMP-SMZ and chemotherapy for acute lymphoid leukemia revealed lower serum bicarbonate concentrations and higher urine pH following a dose of TMP-SMZ than paired values obtained more than 3 days after a dose. Four children (50%) met serum bicarbonate and urinary pH criteria for the diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis soon after a dose of TMP-SMZ. The occurrence of TMP-SMZ-induced renal tubular acidosis has implications for the acid-base balance of children receiving TMP-SMZ on a long-term basis.
Web Search via Hub Synthesis

We present a probabilistic generative model for web search which captures in a unified manner three critical components of web search: how the link structure of the web is generated, how the content of a web document is generated, and how a human searcher generates a query. The key to this unification lies in capturing the correlations between each of these components in terms of proximity in latent semantic space. Given such a combined model, the correct answer to a search query is well defined, and thus it becomes possible to evaluate web search algorithms rigorously. We present a new web search algorithm, based on spectral techniques, and prove that it is guaranteed to produce an approximately correct answer in our model. The algorithm assumes no knowledge of the model, and is well-defined regardless of the accuracy of the model.
19. Recent results in radio astronomy at the Ohio State University

Research in radio astronomy at the Ohio State University covers a wide range of astronomical and engineering phases. In this paper the principal topics currently under investigation are briefly discussed. Reference is made to more detailed papers or reports published within recent months or now in the press.
Unique case of 11-fingered polydactyly with cleft hand

Polydactyly is a common congenital extremity deformity in live births. We describe a 3-month-old boy with 11-fingered polydactyly with cleft hand, an extremely rare hand anomaly. The patient was treated with excision of the supernumerary rays and metacarpals, closure of the cleft and removal of excess adipose tissue. Follow-up, lasting 3 years, showed satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.
Affluenza A World Values Test

A secondary analysis of the European and World Values Surveys finds heavy television viewers are less likely than light television viewers to select an anti-acquisition national goal. Heavy viewers...
Zenith object detector (ZOD): a multi-camera 3D body scanning platform

This project introduces a procedure for creating 3D full body scans utilizing a low-cost commodity-based infra-red(IR) sensor and multiple consumer grade cameras. The project, entitled The Zenith Object Detector, uses a home built series of concentric octagons to mount both Asus Xtion structured IR light sensors with color capture capacity, as well as the 16--28 digital cameras for instantaneous image capture. Subjects are scanned in via the Xtions by standing on a rotating platform while the octagons move up from the floor. Simultaneously, the cameras will capture the pose for later 3D reconstruction using 123D Catch, a free Autodesk service for turning images into 3D objects. The outputs will be sent to 3D printers to produce portrait pieces.