cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local structure of impurity states in d-wave superconductors

Abstract Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) experiments offer a unique insight into the inner workings of the superconducting state of high-Tc superconductors. Deliberately placed inside the material impurities perturb the coherent state and produce additional excitations. Superconducting excitation — quasiparticle — is a quantum-mechanical mixture of a negatively charged electron (-e) and a positively charged hole (+e). Depending on the applied voltage bias in STM one can sample the particle and hole content of a superconducting excitation. We argue that the complementary cross-shaped patterns observed on the positive and negative biases are the manifestation of the particle-hole duality of the quasiparticles.
Does the Life Skills Training program reduce use of marijuana

The Life Skills Training (LST) program is one of the most widely disseminated drug prevention programs developed during the past 30 years. It is estimated that 50,000 teachers and 3 million students in the USA have participated in the program since 1995, and the program has been used in more than 30 other countries worldwide. This article reviews the evaluation studies that have assessed the effects of the LST program on the use of marijuana. Evaluations conducted by both the program developer and other research teams are reviewed. Most of the available evidence, especially coming from the analysis of data from full samples and not subgroup analysis, indicates that the program is unlikely to reduce use or abuse of marijuana among adolescents. The reason that the program has come to be considered so efficacious in preventing marijuana use is that those who promote the program pay little attention to the preponderance of evidence which supports the null hypothesis of no effect.
Formation, maintenance, generalization, and retention of response hierarchies: Persistence of differences due to meaningfulness of response members

Anticipation and recall of alternative response members of high or low meaningfulness (M) is assessed through four daily cycles of 120 trials under 50-50 percentages of occurrence and of additional trials with response members omitted both in acquisition and in simulated word-association situations. For whole lists across Ss and for units within lists for individual Ss, response members of high M are anticipated and recalled more frequently than those of low M. These differences occur in the first cycle; they increase and hold through the last three cycles.
Occurrence of cellulase activity in the stomachs of fishes

The stomachs of 148 elasmobranch and teleost fishes representing 35 families and 62 species were examined by viscometry for cellulase activity. Sixteen species of Georgia estuarine fish and the freshwater fish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) showed some cellulase activity. Elasmobranchs and teleosts captured in Florida Bay, Florida, and over the continental shelf off Georgia lacked cellulase activity. Cellulase activity in fishes is probably produced by microflora of the alimentary tract.
Valley anticlines of the Needles District, Canyonlands National Park, Utah

Valley anticlines of two types exist in the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park: (1) large, upright anticlines following major drainages, and (2) small, generally asymmetrical anticlines confined to rocks along the floors of smaller tributary valleys. The first type includes the Meander anticline along the Colorado River and anticlines following four deep tributary valleys east of the river. The Meander anticline is about 35 km long and follows the sinuosities of the Colorado River. The tributary anticlines also follow valley sinuosities. Severity of folding decreases upward from the valley floors, but arching is still evident at the level of canyon rims, as much as 600 m above the valley floors. These large valley anticlines appear to be due to upward flow of evaporites of the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation (Pennsylvanian). The differential stress driving this flow is a result of the unloading generated by canyon erosion. Much smaller anticlines occur in the Salt Creek, Butler Wash, and Chesler Canyon drainages 4 to 17 km east of the Meander anticline. These small anticlines are confined to 25 m of thin-bedded rocks straddling the base of the Cutler Formation (Permian) and have been found only where these thin-bedded rocks occur on valley floors. Most have straight limbs and sharp hinges, and all appear to die out downward and laterally so that the rocks of the valley walls and rocks at depth beneath the valley floors are unfolded. The folded rocks show no evidence of plastic behavior of any kind. Although some of the folding could be due purely to elastic rebound following valley erosion, fold amplitudes are best explained by excess horizontal compressive stress. A close correspondence between structure and landforms generally is interpreted as being due to structural control of landform development through differential erosion. In contrast, fluvial valleys predate folding and have determined the locations and mechanics of formation of anticlines in the Needles District and in a few other localities in the world.
Anaerobic biotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol, methanol, acetic acid and hydrogen as primary substrates

Abstract 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) was anaerobically reduced to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) with either ethanol, methanol, acetic acid or hydrogen as the primary substrate. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests in an anaerobic respirometer indicate that 2,4-DNT was reductively biotransformed to 2,4-DAT via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) or 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) with either methanol, acetic acid or hydrogen as the primary substrate under anaerobic conditions as it was with ethanol as the primary substrate. However, the rate of 2,4-DNT biotransformation was much higher with ethanol as the primary substrate than that with either methanol or acetic acid as the primary substrate. Ethanol-enriched anaerobic culture was much better for the reductive biotransformation of 2,4-DNT than methanol- and acetate-enriched cultures when hydrogen was used as the primary substrate. Biotransformation of 2,4-DNT was not observed without any primary substrate. 2,4-DNT was not completely transformed to 2,4-DAT in the BMP tests unless enough ethanol was initially added to produce twice or more the hydrogen stoichiometrically needed for the reductive biotransformation. The addition of a high concentration of ethanol accelerated the reductive biotransformation of 2,4-DNT. The presence of 2,4-DNT, 4-A-2-NT and 2-A-4-NT inhibited the methanogeneses of methanol, acetate and hydrogen, as they did on the acetogenesis of ethanol.
A protective NOD islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cell clone, I.S. 2.15, has in vitro immunosuppressive properties

Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) appears to result from a T cell-dependent destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in other rodent models of human IDDM, final expression of disease may be controlled by protective, as well as, destructive T cell influences. Previously, a CD8+ T cell clone, I.S. 2.15, was isolated directly from islets of disease-resistant male NOD mice. Upon transfer to young NOD recipients, the non-cytolytic I.S. 21.5 T cell clone, confers in vivo protection from two forms of accelerated IDDM. The present study demonstrates that I.S. 2.15 T cells induce in vitro immunosuppression. The suppressive effects of I.S. 2.15 T cells are mediated through soluble factor(s) and are independent of T cell activation, cell contact, antigen specificity or the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), I.S. 2.15 T cells contain mRNA species encoding for the potentially immunosuppressive cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The T cell suppressive effects engendered by I.S. 2.15 T cells closely mimic those observed with TGF-beta. Moreover, I.S. 2.15-induced immunosuppression correlates with intracellular levels of TGF-beta mRNA. These results establish that immunoregulatory T cells are present within islets in IDDM-resistant NOD mice and may impact on final disease expression through the production of soluble mediator(s).
Coherent signal amplification in bistable nanomechanical oscillators by stochastic resonance

Stochastic resonance is a counterintuitive concept: the addition of noise to a noisy system induces coherent amplification of its response. First suggested as a mechanism for the cyclic recurrence of ice ages, stochastic resonance has been seen in a wide variety of macroscopic physical systems: bistable ring lasers, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), magnetoelastic ribbons and neurophysiological systems such as the receptors in crickets and crayfish. Although fundamentally important as a mechanism of coherent signal amplification, stochastic resonance has yet to be observed in nanoscale systems. Here we report the observation of stochastic resonance in bistable nanomechanical silicon oscillators. Our nanomechanical systems consist of beams that are clamped at each end and driven into transverse oscillation with the use of a radiofrequency source. Modulation of the source induces controllable switching of the beams between two stable, distinct states. We observe that the addition of white noise causes a marked amplification of the signal strength. Stochastic resonance in nanomechanical systems could have a function in the realization of controllable high-speed nanomechanical memory cells, and paves the way for exploring macroscopic quantum coherence and tunnelling.
Design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of N-substituted maleimides as inhibitors of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases.

N-(Carboxyalkyl)maleimides are rapid as well as time-dependent inhibitors of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS). The corresponding N-alkylmaleimides were only time-dependent inactivators of PGHS, suggesting that the carboxylate is critical for rapid inhibition. Several N-substituted maleimide analogs containing structural features similar to those of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of PGHS. Most of the aspirin-like maleimides inactivated the cyclooxygenase activity of purified ovine PGHS-1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner similar to that of aspirin. The peroxidase activity of PGHS was also inactivated by the maleimide analogs. The cyclooxygenase activity of the inducible isozyme, i.e., PGHS-2, was also inhibited by these compounds. The corresponding succinimide analog of N-5-maleimido-2-acetoxy-1-benzoic acid did not inhibit either enzyme activity, suggesting that inactivation was due to covalent modification of the protein. The mechanism of inhibition of PGHS-1 by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide was investigated. Incubation of apoPGHS-1 with 2 equiv of N-(carboxyheptyl)[3,4-14C]maleimide led to the incorporation of radioactivity in the protein, but no adduct was detected by reversed-phase HPLC, suggesting that it was unstable to the chromatographic conditions. Furthermore, hematin-reconstituted PGHS-1, which was rapidly inhibited by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, displayed spontaneous regeneration of about 50% of the cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities, suggesting that the adduct responsible for the inhibition breaks down to regenerate active enzyme. ApoPGHS-1, inhibited by N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, did not display regeneration of enzyme activity, but addition of hematin to the inhibited apoenzyme led to spontaneous recovery of about 50% of cyclooxygenase activity. These results suggest that addition of heme leads to a conformational change in the protein which increases the susceptibility of the adduct toward hydrolytic cleavage. ApoPGHS-1, pretreated with N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide, was resistant to trypsin cleavage, suggesting that the carboxylate functionality of the maleimide binds in the cyclooxygenase channel. A model for the interaction of N-(carboxyheptyl)maleimide in the cyclooxygenase active site is proposed.
Studies on the transport of glucose from disaccharides by hamster small intestine in vitro. II. Characteristics of the disaccharidase-related transport system.

Abstract The presence of disaccharidase-associated transport different from the Na + -dependent monosaccharide transport system in the hamster small intestine is confirmed. The transport of glucose from sucrose is substantially independent of Na + . In the absence of Na + , glucose released from sucrose does not mix with a pool of added free glucose but is directly transferred. Maltose, isomaltose and trehalose acf similarly to sucrose. Both moieties released from sucrose, glucose and fructose, are transferred. The extent of uptake is not related to total sucrase activity. The possibility is considered that the brush border disaccharidases may subserve a translocating “carrier” function for a part of the products of their enzymic action.
Sources of intermodulation in diode-ring mixers

Intermodulation is known to arise in diode-ring mixers due to non-linearity in the diode switches, and also due to the interference by signal voltages with the local-oscillator switching function. This interference can be reduced by ensuring fast switching with a square-wave local-oscillator. In this paper the relationship between rise-time and intermodulation is investigated in connection with a practical mixer design for use at v.h.f.
The locus coeruleus and cerebral metabolism: Recovery of function after cortical injury

Cerebral metabolic effects of locus coeruleus (LC) lesion or drugs affecting LC were investigated after unilateral injury of sensorimotor cortex in rats. Sensoriomotor cortex ablation produced a widespread depression of cerebral 14C-2-deoxyglucose utilization which was reversed by amphetamine (AMP, 2 mg/kg) and worsened by haloperidol (HAL, 0.4 mg/kg). Lesion of LC alone did not affect cerebral oxidative metabolism, measured by a stain for the enzyme alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH). Lesion of LC prior to undercut laceration of motor cortex shortened time to onset of α-GPDH cortical paling. Treatment with AMP (2 mg/kg) blocked cortical paling of the enzyme stain at 4 days postinjury, an effect prevented by concomitant HAL (0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg). Apomorphine (1 mg/kg) did not block cortical paling. These data parallel effects of these drugs on recovery of function. The results suggest that a metabolic “remote functional depression” (RFD) is alleviated by catecholamine activation after cortical injury, whereas onset of RFD is accelerated by LC lesions and exacerbated by catecholamine blockade.
Quantal bioassay and stroke.

Experimental investigation of stroke, in particular the evaluation of therapeutic maneuvers, is difficult because even well-controlled experiments show considerable variability. Optimal use of resources requires efficient statistical analysis.A body of experience in pharmacology that is directly applicable to stroke studies is reviewed. The general approach, though well known to pharmacologists, is less familiar to neurologists. This paper attempts to give a survey so that neurologists encountering studies using this general class of analysis will better be able to put the technique into context. The general nature of a quantal bioassay is described, the underlying conceptual models are discussed, and specific examples are given.The pharmacologist's approach to the analysis of quantal bioassays can easily be adapted to the quantification of results in studies of stroke.
MDMA (Ecstasy) and human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters: implications for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity and treatment.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, designated as “Ecstasy” if illicitly marketed in tablet form) induces significant decrements in neuronal serotonin (5-HT) markers in humans, nonhuman primates, and rats as a function of dosing and dosing regimen. In rats, MDMA-mediated effects are attributed, in part, to selective high-affinity transport of MDMA into 5-HT neurons by the 5-HT transporter (SERT), followed by extensive 5-HT release. To clarify whether SERT-selective effects of MDMA at human monoamine transporters can account for the reported MDMA-induced selective toxicity of serotonin neurons in primate brain. We investigated the interaction of [3H](±, RS)- (+, S)- and (−, R)-MDMA with the human SERT, dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), and norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) in stably transfected human embryo kidney (HEK)-293 cells. The human DAT, NET, and SERT actively transported [3H]RS(±)-MDMA saturably, stereoselectively, and in a temperature-, concentration-, and transporter-dependent manner. MDMA exhibited the highest affinity for the NET≫SERT≥DAT, the same rank order for MDMA inhibition of [3H]DA, [3H]NE, and [3H]5-HT transport and stimulated release of the [3H]monoamines, which differed from reports derived from rodent monoamine transporters. The extent of MDMA-induced release of 5-HT was higher compared with release of DA or NE. The affinity of MDMA for the human SERT in transfected cells does not clarify the apparent selective toxicity of MDMA for serotonin neurons, although conceivably, its higher efficacy for stimulating 5-HT release may be a distinguishing factor. The findings highlight the need to investigate MDMA effects in DAT-, SERT-, and NET-expressing neurons in the primate brain and the therapeutic potential of NET or DAT inhibitors, in addition to SERT-selective inhibitors, for alleviating the pharmacological effects of MDMA.
Gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandins and gingival phospholipids in experimentally-induced periodontitis in the dog.

Abstract Prostaglandins are known to be mediators of inflammation in many tissues. Their fluctuations in gingival crevicular fluid during experimentally induced periodontitis were investigated, together with the possible role of phospholipids, which were measured in normal gingiva and gingiva associated with the chronic periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced in 5 dogs in the lower premolar quadrant; the opposite quadrant was; used as a control. A small amount of inter-radicular bone was removed and then a cotton-wrapped stainless steel ligature was placed around each of 3 premolar teeth below the gingival margin to provide an inflammatory irritant. Pocket depth was measured by periodontal probe; crevicular fluid was collected on absorbent paper points. PGs were analysed by HPLC and the results expressed as ng PG/μl crevicular fluid. Measurements were taken in both quadrants at 1, 3 and 6 weeks after placement of the ligatures; PGI 2 , 6 keto-F 1α , F 2α , E 2 , E 1 and D 2 were detected in the crevicular fluid. At 1 week, there was no difference in PG levels between experimental and control sides. During week 3, PGI 2 and PGE 2 increased in the experimental crevicular fluid [214.1 ± 49.3 (SEM) vs control 87.0 ± 39.7; p p 2 was elevated in crevicular fluid (207.7 ± 68.1 vs 99.2 ± 45; p p 2 and PGE 2 . Phospholipids were analysed after labelling with 32 P by thin-layer chromatography in gingiva sampled at 3 and 6 weeks; no difference was found in the turnover rate of phospholipid between normal and diseased tissue.
Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes

Abstract A methodology for the design of sampling networks over space is proposed. The methodology is based on spatial random field representations of nonhomogeneous natural processes, and on optimal spatial estimation techniques. One of the most important results of random field theory for physical sciences is its rationalization of correlations in spatial variability of natural processes. This correlation is extremely important both for interpreting spatially distributed observations and for predictive performance. The extent of site sampling and the types of data to be collected will depend on the relationship of subsurface variability to predictive uncertainty. While hypothesis formulation and initial identification of spatial variability characteristics are based on scientific understanding (such as knowledge of the physics of the underlying phenomena, geological interpretations, intuition and experience), the support offered by field data is statistically modelled. This model is not limited by the geometric nature of sampling and covers a wide range in subsurface uncertainties. A factorization scheme of the sampling error variance is derived, which possesses certain atttactive properties allowing significant savings in computations. By means of this scheme, a practical sampling design procedure providing suitable indices of the sampling error variance is established. These indices can be used by way of multiobjective decision criteria to obtain the best sampling strategy. Neither the actual implementation of the in-situ sampling nor the solution of the large spatial estimation systems of equations are necessary. The required values of the accuracy parameters involved in the network design are derived using reference charts (readily available for various combinations of data configurations and spatial variability parameters) and certain simple yet accurate analytical formulas. Insight is gained by applying the proposed sampling procedure to realistic examples related to sampling problems in two dimensions.
HIGH-NITROGEN METAL COMPLEXES AS BURNING-RATE MODIFIERS FOR THE ALUMINUM-WATER PROPELLANT SYSTEM

The reactions of electropositive metals, such as aluminum, with water have long been utilized in explosive and propellant formulations, but until recently this has mostly been limited to the water formed as a product gas from the decomposition of another energetic system . Recently, however, with the increased availability of nano-particulate materials, the direct reaction of nano-aluminum (nAl) with water as an oxidizer has been investigated as a propellant system due to high reaction temperatures and the production of hydrogen as the primary gaseous species. This system could be useful for intra-planetary travel where non-terrestrial water is harvested for the oxidizer. Here we present the study of nAl, mixed at a stoichiometric ratio with water ({Phi} = 1) with the highly water soluble metal complexes of bis(tetrazolato)amine (BTA) added at 5, 15,30 and 50 wt% in the case of FeBTA and 5 and 15 wt% in the case of NiBTA and CoBTA. The basic structure of the BTA complexes is shown below where M = Fe, Ni or Co, and x = 3 for Fe and Co and x = 2 for Ni. The particle size of nAl studied was primarily 38 nm with various studies with the particle size more » of 80 nm. The FeBT A at a loading of 15 wt% gave the highest burning rate enhancement (4.6x at {approx}6.8 MPa), while retaining a low pressure exponent (0.21 compared to 0.24 for nA/H{sub 2}O). At 15 wt% the Ni and Co increased the burning rate, but also increased the pressure exponents. The burning rate of the FeBTA modified material with 80 nm Al decreased as the weight percent of FeBTA was increased, which also tracked decrease in the calculated specific impulse of the mixtures. « less
Dietary protein intake and progressive glomerular sclerosis: the role of capillary hypertension and hyperperfusion in the progression of renal disease.

Abstract Unrestricted intake of protein-rich foods is accompanied by sustained increases in glomerular capillary pressures and flows. Intrarenal hypertension and hyperperfusion associated with prot...
Replacement of Left Ventricular Myocardium

The feasibility of resection and prosthetic replacement of left ventricular myocardium as a therapeutic adjuvant in myocardial infarction was assessed in a series of 72 dogs. Intracardiac pressures and cardiac output were measured in each dog several days preoperatively. During temporary cardiopulmonary bypass a large segment of the anterolateral wall of the left ventricle was excised. The defect was closed with either Teflon felt, woven Teflon cloth, or a pedicled diaphragmatic flap. Cardiac outputs and intracardiac pressures were measured immediately before and for several hours after myocardial replacement. Survivors were evaluated for periods up to three years by cardiac catheterization at appropriate intervals and pathological observation. Forty-four dogs survived longer than 24 hours. The immediate hemodynamic consequences of myocardial replacement were a diminished systemic arterial pressure and a low, fixed cardiac output. The arterial pressure and cardiac output gradually increased over a period of weeks, occasionally attaining preoperative levels. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressures were always within normal limits. The most common cause of death in the first two postoperative weeks was graft detachment. Observations of healing characteristics revealed Teflon felt to be the most satisfactory prosthesis. The diaphragmatic flap frequently necrosed, and woven Teflon produced intraventricular thrombus and incomplete healing. This study demonstrated the feasibility of resection and prosthetic replacement of large segments of left ventricular myocardium. Complications of the procedure were related to a temporarily diminished cardiac output and inadequate healing of the prosthesis to myocardium.
Chronic enrichment of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contact leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity

Proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is crucial for cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction at either site has been linked to pathophysiological states, including metabolic diseases. Although the ER and mitochondria play distinct cellular roles, these organelles also form physical interactions with each other at sites defined as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which are essential for calcium, lipid and metabolite exchange. Here we show that in the liver, obesity leads to a marked reorganization of MAMs resulting in mitochondrial calcium overload, compromised mitochondrial oxidative capacity and augmented oxidative stress. Experimental induction of ER-mitochondria interactions results in oxidative stress and impaired metabolic homeostasis, whereas downregulation of PACS-2 or IP3R1, proteins important for ER-mitochondria tethering or calcium transport, respectively, improves mitochondrial oxidative capacity and glucose metabolism in obese animals. These findings establish excessive ER-mitochondrial coupling as an essential component of organelle dysfunction in obesity that may contribute to the development of metabolic pathologies such as insulin resistance and diabetes.
Lattice QCD with dynamical wilson fermions

Abstract Recent results on the quark-antiquark potential at finite temperature are presented.
The influence of processing variables on the physical properties of a wet-spun modacrylic fiber†

A study of 11 variables of a modacrylic-fiber wet-spinning process has shown that the tenacity and stiffness modulus of the fiber depend primarily on the amount of stretch imparted during spinning and the solvent content of the tow at the time of stretching. The solvent content governs the degree of plasticity of the fiber during stretching and hence the degree of orientation achieved at a given stretch ratio. The solvent content, in turn, is determined primarily by the specific surface (fiber area per unit volume) through which solvent diffuses out of the fiber into the coagulating bath. As a result, the tenacity and stiffness modulus are invesely related to the denier per filament in the coagulating bath prior to stretching. The denier of the filament in the coagulating bath is determined by the concentration of fiber resin in the spinning solution, the volume of solution extruded per unit time, the velocity with which the fiber is withdrawn from the coagulating bath, and the number of holes in the spinnerette. These fundamental variables, along with stretch, determine the tenacity and stiffness of the spun fiber. The only other variable studied that affected the fiber physical properties was the drying temperature. Increasing the temperature slightly reduces both fiber tenacity and elongation. Variables having no influence on the mechanical properties over the range studied include length, temperature, and solvent concentration of the coagulating bath, residence time of the filaments in the coagulating bath, relaxation applied after stretching, and shear rate at which the spinning solution is extruded through the spinnerette orifices.
On the identity of three generalized master equations

Abstract Three apparently different quantum mechanical master equations, derived by Prigogine and Resibois, by Montroll, and independently by Nakajima and Zwanzig, are shown to be identical. The derivation by Zwanzig, based on projection operator and Liouville operator techniques, is repeated in greater detail than in previous articles. The results of Prigogine and Resibois, and of Montroll, are found by making changes in notation.
The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany

List of Illustrations ix A Note on Archival Sources xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Abbreviations xvii INTRODUCTION: Theology and Race 1 CHAPTER I: Draining Jesus of Jewishness 26 CHAPTER II: The Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Infl uence on German Church Life, 1939 to 1942 67 CHAPTER III: Projects of the Institute 106 CHAPTER IV: The Making of Nazi Theologians 166 CHAPTER V: The Faculty of Theology at the University of Jena 201 CHAPTER VI: The Postwar Years 242 CONCLUSION: Crucifi ed or Resurrected: Institute Theology in Postwar Germany 279 Bibliography 291 Illustration Permissions 327 Index 329 Scriptural Citations Index 339
The unnecessary uprising: Jeju Island rebellion and South Korean counterinsurgency experience 1947–48

This paper systematically analyzes the causes of the escalation of violence during the initial stages of the Jeju Island Rebellion and the failure of South Korean counterinsurgency operations. It is argued that four interrelated factors provided the conditions for armed insurgency in the small island of Jeju: inter-agency tension between the Korean National Police (KNP) and the Korean Constabulary; the mainlanders' misinterpretation of the insurgency; the effect of systematic police brutality; and the role of youth groups. Consequently, two counterinsurgency lessons will be drawn from this study: that inter-agency cooperation and coordination at the tactical level between security branches and the incorporation of local population at the micro-level is essential in conducting efficient and effective counterinsurgency operations.
New perspectives for the regulation of acetyltransferase MOF

In higher eukaryotes, histone acetyltransferase MOF (male absent on the first) is the major enzyme that acetylates histone H4 lysine 16, a prevalent mark associated with chromatin decondensation. Recent studies show that MOF resides in two different but evolutionarily conserved complexes, MSL and MOF-MSL1v1. Although these two MOF complexes have indistinguishable activity on histone H4 K16, they differ dramatically in acetylating non-histone substrate p53. The regulation of MOF activity in these complexes remains elusive. Given the evolution conservation of MOF and the importance of H4 K16 acetylation in maintaining higher order chromatin structures, understanding the function and regulation of MOF bears great significance. Here, we discussed the key differences in two MOF complexes that may shed light on the regulation of their distinct acetyltransferase activities. We also discussed coordinated functions of two MOF complexes with different histone methyltransferase complexes in transcription regulation.
Structure of the Continental Margin and Tectonism at the Eastern Aleutian Trench

New seismic reflection data along closely spaced lines reveal deeper structures than did earlier records. The new records show sediment in the trench continuing as much as 12 km landward under the continental slope, that large slumps and extensional structures are common on the slope, and suggest that in earlier periods the sea floor now under the trench was receiving sediment from an eastern source rather than from the present western source. Large tectonic displacements appear to be absent from oceanic basement beneath the continental margin because undisturbed linear oceanic magnetic anomalies and a fracture zone continue from the abyssal plain at least to the continental shelf. However, since vertical displacements in the overlying sediment are greater than any in the basement, thrust faults are indicated even though they are not visible in the reflection records. No single zone of deformation marks the emergence of the Benioff zone, but instead the zone probably emerges in the whole complex of tectonic structures across the continental margin. There are enough data to estimate roughly the maximum amount of abyssal sediment that may have been plastered against the continent during the Tertiary.
Cotton Development and Yield as Affected by Insecticides

Four major chemical classes of insecticides are currently used for insect control on cotton. Some of these chemicals are reported to have secondary effects on the cotton plant, which influence development and yield. Representative insecticides from the four chemical classes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions for secondary effects on leaf gas-exchange rates and developmental alteration of cotton plants. Insecticide applications were initiated during early phases of floral bud development and at 10-d intervals thereafter for a total of five applications. Physiological measurements made 24 and 48 h after each application indicated that insecticide treatment had no effect on CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration. Insecticide treatments influenced growth and development of the plant, although differences were not always significant. Trends existed for flucythrinate to increase total plant size and dry weight, whereas chlordimeform increased reproductive growth while decreasing vegetative growth. Malathion significantly increased boll numbers per plant. Final lint yield was not significantly altered by any insecticide treatment, primarily because of the relatively short growing season existing on the Texas High Plains, which did not allow all fruit forms to complete development.
Triton: topside ionosphere and nitrogen escape.

The principal ion in the ionosphere of Triton is N^+. Energetic electrons of magnetospheric origin are the primary source of ionization, with a smaller contribution due to photoionization. To explain the topside plasma scale height, we postulate that N^+ ions escape from Triton. The loss rate is 3.4 × 10^7 cm^(−2) s^(−1) or 7.9 × 10^(24) ions s^(−1). Dissociative recombination of N^+_2 produces neutral exothermic fragments that can escape from Triton. The rate is estimated to be 8.6 × 10^6 N cm^(−2) s^(−1) or 2.0 × 10^(24) atoms s^(−1). Implications for the magnetosphere of Neptune and Triton's evolution are discussed.
Detection of occult cobalamin deficiency by magnetic resonance imaging

We present a case of cobalamin deficiency in an elderly woman who presented with peripheral neuropathy without evidence of anemia or macrocytosis; her diagnosis was suspected with cervical magnetic resonance imaging. This imaging modality may identify patients with cobalamin deficiency who have neurologic abnormalities with normal hematologic parameters.
Varenicline for tobacco dependence treatment in recovering alcohol-dependent smokers: An open-label pilot study

The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary evidence of the efficacy of a 12-week course of varenicline for 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence among recovering alcohol-dependent smokers. We enrolled 32 smokers with 6 months or more of recovery from alcohol dependence in an open-label clinical trial. Participants received varenicline 1 mg twice daily and 12 weeks of behavioral counseling. Participants were 69% men, 94% Caucasian, and smoking an average of 20.3 ± 5.0 cigarettes per day. After 12 weeks of treatment, 31% were biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinent from smoking and 28% had prolonged smoking abstinence (2 weeks after target quit date onward). The most common adverse effects were mild to moderate nausea (28%) and sleep disturbance (19%). No serious adverse events were reported. Varenicline may be a useful aid for treating tobacco dependence among smokers who are in stable recovery from alcohol dependence. Further study of this treatment is warranted.
Discovering implicit protein-protein interactions in the Cell Cycle using bioinformatics approaches

The cell division control protein (Cdc2) kinase is a catalytic subunit of a protein kinase complex, called the M phase promoting factor, which induces entry into mitosis and is universal among eukaryotes. This protein is believed to play a major role in cell division and control. The lives of biological cells are controlled by proteins interacting in metabolic and signaling pathways, in complexes that replicate genes and regulate gene activity, and in the assembly of the cytoskeletal infrastructure. Our knowledge of protein–protein (P–P) interactions has been accumulated from biochemical and genetic experiments, including the widely used yeast two-hybrid test. In this paper we examine if P–P interactions in regenerating tissues and cells of the anuran Xenopus laevis can be discovered from biomedical literature using computational and literature mining techniques. Using literature mining techniques, we have identified a set of implicitly interacting proteins in regenerating tissues and cells of Xenopus laevis that may interact with Cdc2 to control cell division. Genome sequence based bioinformatics tools were then applied to validate a set of proteins that appear to interact with the Cdc2 protein. Pathway analysis of these proteins suggests that Myc proteins function as the regulator of M phase initiation by controlling expression of the Akt1 molecule that ultimately inhibits the Cdc2-cyclin B complex in cells. P–P interactions that are implicitly appearing in literature can be effectively discovered using literature mining techniques. By applying evolutionary principles on the P–P interacting pairs, it is possible to quantitatively analyze the significance of the associations with biological relevance. The developed BioMap system allows discovering implicit P–P interactions from large quantity of biomedical literature data. The unique similarities and differences observed within the interacting proteins can lead to the development of the new hypotheses that can be used to design further laboratory experiments.
A system with multiple liquid–liquid critical points

Abstract We study a three-dimensional system of particles interacting via spherically symmetric pair potentials consisting of several discontinuous steps. We show that at certain values of the parameters describing the potential, the system has three first-order phase transitions between fluids of different densities ending in three critical points.
Indirect effects of granivory by harvester ants: plant species composition and reproductive increase near ant nests

Of 36 plant species surveyed, 6 were significantly associated with nests of the desert seed-harvester ant Veromessor pergandei or Pogonomyrmex rugosus; two other plant species were significantly absent from ant nests. Seeds of two common desert annuals, Schismus arabicus and Plantago insularis, realize a 15.6 and 6.5 fold increase (respectively) in number of fruits or seeds produced per plant growing in ant nest refuse piles compared to nearby controls. Mass of individual S. arabicus seed produced by plants growing in refuse piles also increased significantly. Schismus arabicus, P. insularis and other plants associated with ant nests do not have seeds with obvious appendages attractive to ants. Dispersal and reproductive increase of such seeds may represent a relatively primitive form of ant-plant dispersal devoid of seed morphological specializations. Alternatively, evolution of specialized seed structures for dispersal may be precluded by the assemblage of North American seed-harvester ants whose workers are significantly larger than those ants normally associated with elaiosome-attached seed dispersal. Large worker size may permit consumption of elaiosome and seed.
Framing Authority: Gender, Face, and Mitigation at a Radio Network:

This article examines the work-related talk of a female technical director of a radio news-and-talk program to illustrate that women and men in positions of institutional authority create gendered identities through the demeanors of authority they create based on their face-related practices. Although extensive research, including P. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) analysis of linguistic politeness phenomena, has explored the linguistic dimensions of deference, these discussions have not integrated the concept of demeanor, even though Goffman (1967) introduces deference and demeanor as ‘two basic elements’ of the expressive component of language - that component through which individuals convey face-related meanings. An interactional sociolinguistic approach shows that the relationship between gendered identities and the linguistic expression of face is mediated by the dynamic negotiation of positions and frames. The implications of these practices are discussed within the context of gendered discourse in the...
C. elegans dystroglycan coordinates responsiveness of follower axons to dorsal/ventral and anterior/posterior guidance cues

Neural development in metazoans is characterized by the establishment of initial process tracts by pioneer axons and the subsequent extension of follower axons along these pioneer processes. Mechanisms governing the fidelity of follower extension along pioneered routes are largely unknown. In C. elegans, formation of the right angle-shaped lumbar commissure connecting the lumbar and preanal ganglia is an example of pioneer/follower dynamics. We find that the dystroglycan ortholog DGN-1 mediates the fidelity of follower lumbar commissure axon extension along the pioneer axon route. In dgn-1 mutants, the axon of the pioneer PVQ neuron faithfully establishes the lumbar commissure, but axons of follower lumbar neurons, such as PVC, frequently bypass the lumbar commissure and extend along an oblique trajectory directly toward the preanal ganglion. In contrast, disruption of the UNC-6/netrin guidance pathway principally perturbs PVQ ventral guidance to pioneer the lumbar commissure. Loss of DGN-1 in unc-6 mutants has a quantitatively similar effect on follower axon guidance regardless of PVQ axon route, indicating that DGN-1 does not mediate follower/pioneer adhesion. Instead, DGN-1 appears to block premature responsiveness of follower axons to a preanal ganglion-directed guidance cue, which mediates ventral-to-anterior reorientation of lumbar commissure axons. Deletion analysis shows that only the most N-terminal DGN-1 domain is required for these activities. These studies suggest that dystroglycan modulation of growth cone responsiveness to conflicting guidance cues is important for restricting follower axon extension to the tracts laid down by pioneers.
Regulation of a Novel Immediate Early Response Gene,IEX-1,in Keratinocytes by 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Abstract 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] regulates cellular growth and differentiation. We show that in keratinocytes, 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 reduces concentrations of the messenger RNA of IEX-1, the product of which blocks Fas- or tumor necrosis factor type α-induced apoptosis in various cells. In sub-confluent keratinocyte cultures, the addition of 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 , in amounts that induce growth arrest, reduces IEX-1 mRNA concentrations. In confluent cells, 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 initially reduces and then increases IEX-1 mRNA concentrations. IEX-1 protein is localized in the nucleus and perinuclear region of keratinocytes. In sub-confluent cells, 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 translocates IEX-1 protein from the nucleus to the perinuclear region and cytoplasm. Since IEX-1 has recently been shown to regulate cell survival and number, we suggest that IEX-1 may play a role in keratinocyte growth and differentiation and that 1α,25(OH) 2 D 3 may reduce keratinocyte growth via a reduction in IEX-1 mRNA and a change in the intracellular distribution of IEX-1 protein.
Original articles: Patient-specific geometry modeling and mesh generation for simulating Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome cases by Maxillomandibular Advancement

Abstract: The objective of this paper is the reconstruction of upper airway geometric models as hybrid meshes from clinically used Computed Tomography (CT) data sets in order to understand the dynamics and behaviors of the pre- and postoperative upper airway systems of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients by viscous Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The selection criteria for OSAS cases studied are discussed because two reasonable pre- and postoperative upper airway models for CFD simulations may not be created for every case without a special protocol for CT scanning. The geometry extraction and manipulation methods are presented with technical barriers that must be overcome so that they can be used along with computational simulation software as a daily clinical evaluation tool. Eight cases are presented in this paper, and each case consists of pre- and postoperative configurations. The results of computational simulations of two cases are included in this paper as demonstration.
Poiseuille and Couette flow of non-Newtonian fluids

Some years ago Rivlin discovered several exact solutions of the equations of motion of a non-Newtonian fluid, corresponding to the well-known Poiseuille and Couette solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper the physical nature of Rivlin's solutions is clarified, and a method is proposed for determining the value of the cross-viscosity coefficient. In addition, it is shown how certain experiments of Merrington and Weissenberg can be explained by means of the results of the paper.
Ethanol stimulates prostacyclin biosynthesis by human neutrophils and potentiates anti-platelet aggregatory effects of prostacyclin.

Abstract Previous reports on the direct effects of ethanol on human platelet aggregation function have been inconsistent. Ethanol ingestion produces vasodilation and raises intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations, effects similar to those of prostacyclin. We, therefore, hypothesized that ethanol may influence biosynthesis and/or bioactivity of prostacyclin. In our experiments, ethanol in concentrations up to 400 mg% had no consistent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine, ADP, or combination of subthreshold concentrations of epinephrine plus ADP. However, ethanol in concentrations as low as 10 mg% potentiated the platelet aggregation inhibitory effects of prostacyclin. In addition, ethanol (20 mg%) decreased formation of thromboxane A 2 in whole blood by 41% and stimulated formation of prostacyclin by 160% (both P c 0.01). Additional studies using isolated human cells demonstrated synthesis of prostacyclin by neutrophils in the presence of platelets, and this neutrophil prostacyclin formation was enhanced in the presence of ethanol. These effects of alcohol in concentrations achieved after moderate intake may relate to the hemodynamic, biochemical, and cardioprotective effects of ethanol.