cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Perfect Storm and the Privatization of Public Higher Education.

In this paper the author discusses the various factors which have contributed to a substantial decrease in state funding for public colleges and universities, including increased strain on state tax revenues, rising tuition costs, the discrepancy between public and private institutions in endowment revenues, faculty salaries, and expenditures per student. The author argues that this “perfect storm” of contributing factors threatens the very fabric of the public education system, and paints the dire consequences that could result from the privatization of public education.
Verbal communication aid for nonvocal patients

Patients on a respirator or those with certain neuromuscular disorders lose the capacity for verbal communication just when their need to interact with family and health-care personnel may be most acute. Although various devices have been utilised in an attempt to provide them with some form of communication, none has been successful. The advent of voice synthesisers has now made it possible to produce a verbal communication aid for these nonvocal patients. Preliminary experience with this device on ten hospitalised patients has been encouraging.
Physiologically active substances from marine sponges IV: Heterocyclic compounds

Several guanidine compounds were synthesized by the reaction of acid chlorides of thiophene and furan with guanidines. Some of these compounds showed antibiotic and cytotoxic activities. Series of pyrrole compounds were synthesized and found to have significant antibiotic activity.
Jobs, Equity, and the Mayoral Administration of Harold Washington in Chicago (1983–87)

Scholars have applauded and critiqued the “equity” dimensions of the four-year mayoral administration of Harold Washington in Chicago (1983–1987). Much of the debate has centered on haw to assess the progress of equity planning and implementation in specific contexts, whether it has produced concrete outcomes for poor communities, become institutionalized, or changed civic decisionmaking structures. This article attempts to capture the contested and emergent quality of equity planning in the Washington administration by examining its focus on jobs in some detail. The jobs goal–derived from neighborhood experience of economic change–became a central element of Washington's 1983 mayoral campaign and one of the key development goals of the administration. The administration pursued an array of jobs policies and programs, attempting to link economic development with employment services, hold accountable those firms receiving public incentives, retain manufacturing, and provide equitable access to city resources. By the end of Washington's first term, many economic development accomplishments had been achieved but the administration also experienced dilemmas that challenged the jobs goal and its equity potential–for example, the connection between local investment and regional and national economic policies. Consideration of the early experiences of the Washington administration in Chicago in formulating and implementing job policies and programs clarifies the difficulties of a broad-based and sustainable equity program. These lessons are particularly useful today as many low-income advocates, municipalities, and states struggle to reform workforce and economic development systems.
Usefulness of psychosocial theory variables in explaining fat-related dietary behavior in Chinese Americans: association with degree of acculturation.

Abstract Objective To determine the usefulness of variables from psychosocial models of health behavior in explaining fat-related dietary behavior among a sample of Chinese Americans. Design A survey questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of Chinese Americans and analyzed for descriptive statistics and relationships among variables. Subjects/Settings Participants were 600 healthy individuals, ranging from 25 to 70 years of age, living in New York City. Variables Measured Demographic factors, degree of acculturation, food preferences, and 13 social psychological scales derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Healthy Belief Model, and Social Cognitive Theory. Dependent measures assessed were intention to reduce dietary fat and behaviors related to the selection of reduced-fat diets. Statistical Analyses Descriptive statistics, Pearsons' correlation coefficients, t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, and multiple regression analyses were used. Results Attitude, overall health concern, and self-efficacy accounted for 58% of the variance in behavioral intention for the entire sample. Attitude, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy accounted for 19% of the variance in the prediction of dietary fat reduction behaviors. In general, a gradient was seen in the increased predictiveness of each regression model by degree of acculturation of the immigrants to American culture: predictiveness (R2) for behavior ranged from 15% for the least to 34% for the most acculturated. Acculturation was significantly related to declines in the influence of habit and of social norms. These effects were not seen by length of residency. Implications Nutrition educators should assess the degree of acculturation of groups with whom they work and recognize that the degree of acculturation impacts the relative importance of various psychosocial variables in fat reduction behaviors.
Site-specific Gene Insertion Mediated by a Cre-loxP-carrying Lentiviral Vector

Retroviral vectors have been used to treat patients with the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease and chronic granulomatous disease. In both cases, success has been undermined by clonal expansion of transduced cells in some patients due to insertional mutagenesis induced by random vector integration. This outcome underscores the importance of designing vectors for site-specific gene insertion to avoid unanticipated gene disruption or gene activation. In the present study, we incorporated the sequence-specific Cre protein into lentiviral virions. We demonstrated that the virion-associated Cre protein remained enzymatically active and was capable of directing site-specific insertion of a gene in the vector into a defined loxP site in the host genome. As there are loxP-like sequences throughout human genome that can be recognized by either wild-type Cre or Cre variants, our study demonstrates a new strategy of designing lentiviral-based vector for gene targeting.
High dynamic range microwave FET

A highly linear GaAs MESFET has demonstrated an output two-tone third-order intercept point of 42.2 dBm at 10 GHz with 3.15 dB noise figure and 9.1 dB gain with only 240 mW of DC bias. Minimum noise figure was 1.24 dB.
Cold attractive spin polarized Fermi lattice gases and the doped positive U Hubbard model.

Experiments on polarized fermion gases performed by trapping ultracold atoms in optical lattices allow the study of an attractive Hubbard model for which the strength of the on-site interaction is tuned by means of a Feshbach resonance. Using a well-known particle-hole transformation we discuss how results obtained for this system can be reinterpreted in the context of a doped repulsive Hubbard model. In particular, we show that the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state corresponds to the striped state of the two-dimensional doped positive $U$ Hubbard model. We then use the results of numerical studies of the striped state to relate the periodicity of the FFLO state to the spin polarization. We also comment on the relationship of the ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ superconducting phase of the doped 2D repulsive Hubbard model to a $d$-wave spin density wave state for the attractive case.
Analysis of ligand binding and β-lactoglobulin denaturation by chromatography on immobilized trans-retinal

Abstract The possibility of using biorecognition as an indicator of native structure in β-lactoglobulin was investigated with an immobilized analog of retinal. Trans -retinal was covalently bound to 200-nm pore diameter aminopropyl-controlled-pore glass by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. The immobilized trans -retinal was packed into a 3-mm x 150-mm glass column and incorporated into an HPLC unit. Using continuous elution analytical affinity chromatography, the measured dissociation constant is 35.6 nM, which is similar to the value reported for binding of retinol to β-lactoglobulin in solution. Thus, the nonpolar portion of the ligand is largely responsible for binding as previously suggested. Zonal chromatography of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin mixtures or whey samples resulted in rapid separation of native β-lactoglobulin from the denatured form and all other proteins. Samples containing varying quantities of native and denatured protein were prepared by heat treatment. Analyses of these samples for the amount of native β-lactoglobulin by chromatography were compared to literature values obtained from solubility measurements. The two methods are in excellent agreement.
Comment on Three Lessons for Monetary Policy in a Low-Inflation Era

The FRB/US model on which this paper is based contains some elements that are necessary for considering low-inflation policy and that were not present in previously available large models. It includes a government budget constraint, and it takes account of wealth effects on consumption, for example. It also recognizes the importance of expectations of future policy in conditioning reactions to current policy actions. Because it contains these elements, it implies that the economy can reach a state in which accelerating deflation cannot be stopped by conventional monetary policy. That such states occur in the FRB/US model, and that the model implies their likelihood increases sharply as the monetary authorities' target inflation rate is reduced, is in my view the most important result in this paper. But while government budget constraints, wealth effects, and forward-looking behavior have been introduced into the model, these components of the model have not in all cases been subject to the discipline of statistical fit. Also, these components involve some ad hockery and logical inconsistency that is likely to affect the model's behavior in low-interest-rate environments. The quantitative results from the model simulations reported in the paper must, therefore, be regarded as unreliable. The risk of deflationary traps could be considerably lower or higher than is implied by the model. These risks, and the possibilities for monetary policy to reduce them, are likely to depend crucially on aspects of fiscal policy in low-inflation environments that have been treated casually in this paper. The discussion below begins by summarizing insights from recent theoretical literature on price-determination and liquidity traps, then proceeds to consideration of FRB/US.
An evaluation of the validity of the diagnostic category of attention deficit disorder

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) replaced Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood as a category in DSM-III. This study evaluates the validity of the new terminology by determining whether clinical diagnoses of ADD could be predicted from scores on a number of widely used psychometric and behavioral instruments. Results suggest that ADD is an inadequately specified category. Some implications of this finding are considered.
Glucocorticoids possess calcitonin-like antihypercalcemic properties in rats.

The interaction among parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin (CT), and glucocorticoids on blood calcium (Ca) was examined. Prior studies had shown that adrenalectomy (ADX) reduced the fall in blood calcium in rats after parathyroidectomy (PTX). Convincing evidence was provided showing that the ADX effect in PTX rats was due to the loss of corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rats; restoring physiological blood levels of corticosterone abolished the ADX effect in PTX rats. The initial attempt of the present study was to explain the failure of ADX or exogenous glucocorticoids to alter serum Ca levels in rats with intact thyroid and parathyroid glands or in thyroidectomized rats with functional parathyroid transplants (PTT). We found, as previously reported, that the 5-h level of serum Ca in rats with parathyroid glands was not affected by s.c. hydrocortisone (cortisol) or by ADX. It was also not affected by thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) or after both ADX and TPTX in rats with PTT. These results suggested to us that the glucocorticoid effect to lower serum was inhibited by endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland and/or by normal levels of blood Ca. Both of these proposed mechanisms were examined and failed to explain the absence of the ADX effect as well as the glucocorticoid effect in normocalcemic parathyroid-intact rats, because an ADX effect was observed in TPTX rats given hypercalcemic doses of rat or bovine PTH 1-34 or calcitriol. Also, administered cortisol restricted the increased hypercalcemia induced by PTH in ADX-TPTX rats. Expanding on the results in TPTX rats with induced hypercalcemia, we found that neither the ADX effect nor the glucocorticoid effect occurred in thyroid-intact rats with or without functional PTT. These as well as previous results show that: 1. Glucocorticoids, like CT, restrict hypercalcemia in TPTX rats. 2. The ADX effect and its reversal by glucocorticoids in rats with induced hypercalcemia occur only in the absence of the thyroid gland (removal of CT). 3. Glucocorticoids, like CT, lower serum calcium during the hypocalcemia after PTX, an effect that occurs in the presence or absence of the thyroid gland. This study did not reveal why neither ADX nor exogenous glucocorticoids altered serum calcium levels in normocalcemic rats with either intact parathyroid glands or PTT. We conclude that under appropriate conditions, glucocorticoids act in a fashion similar to that of CT in restricting hypercalcemia and in lowering blood Ca.
Detailed damage characteristics in a cavitating venturi.

Cavitation pitting and flow regime in cavitating venturi using water and mercury indicate microjet impingement is most important damaging mechanism
The rat urinary bladder: Vasoactivity and macromolecular leakage in a new model

Abstract An in vivo model of the rat urinary bladder microcirculation has been developed and microcirculatory responses to agents which produce vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and macromolecular leakage have been characterized. The urinary bladder of anesthetized female Spraque-Dawley rats is exteriorized and positioned in a tissue bath with a single stay suture which does not penetrate the lumen of the bladder. All blood vessels and nerves from the animal remain intact. The tissue bath is filled with Krebs solution which is monitored and maintained at a temperature of 36 ± 0.5° and a pH of 7.4 ± 0.5. In vivo television microscopy is used to monitor vascular diameter and flow changes and isothiocyanate-tagged bovine serum albumin fluorescence is used as an index of macromolecular leakage. Norepinephrine (10−6 M) caused a statistically significant decrease in vascular diameters of both arterioles and venules while sodium nitroprusside (10−7 M) significantly increased arteriolar and venular diameters. histamine (10−4 M) caused no change in venular diameters but did induce a significant macromolecular leak from those vessels. Compound 48 80 (1 and 10 μg/ml) induced a significant dose-dependent macromolecular leakage from venules. However, only with the 10 μg/ml dose was there visually detectable mast cell degranulation. It is concluded that this rat urinary bladder model provides a stable, reproducible model of a smooth muscle microcirculatory bed in a controlled environment, which responds similarly to other microcirculations.
Eliminating complex eigenvectors and eigenvalues in multiway analyses using the direct trilinear decomposition method

The direct trilinear decomposition method (DTDM) is an algorithm for performing quantitative curve resolution of three-dimensional data that follow the so-called trilinear model, e.g. chromatography–spectroscopy or emission-excitation fluorescence. Under certain coditions complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors emerge when the generalized eigenproblem is solved in DTDM. Previous publications never treated those cases. In this paper we show how similarity transformations can be used to eliminate the imaginary part of the complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors, thereby increasing the usefulness of DTDM in practical applications. The similarity transformation technique was first used by our laboratory to solve the similar problem in the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM). Because unique elution profiles and spectra can be derived by using data matrices from three or more samples simultaneously, DTDM with similarity transformations is more efficient than GRAM in the case where there are many samples to be investigated.
A Modified Sample Preparation Method for Measuring Meat Tenderness by the Kramer Shear Press

Tenderness of steaks and diced meat was evaluated by sensory panel, Wainer-Bratzler shear press and modified Kramer shear press which employed coarse grinding of meat through a food chopper and shearing duplicate 20g samples of ground meat by the Kramer shear device. Highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation coefficients of -0.88 and -0.80 were obtained for the steaks and diced meat, respectively, between sensory score and modified Kramer shear value. A correlation value of 0.90 between W-B shear values and modified Kramer shear values was also highly significant. The results strongly indicate that the modified sample preparation method is a simple, reliable and versatile method which is less influenced by experimental variables and is applicable to almost any kind of meat products.
Structure of serine acetyltransferase from Haemophilus influenzae Rd.

The crystal structure of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) from Haemophilus influenzae Rd determined at 2.7 A resolution is presented. SAT is a member of a family of hexapeptide-containing transferases that contain six-residue tandem repeats (LIV)-G-X4 that have been shown to form left-handed parallel β-helices. In the current structure, each protomer is comprised of two domains: an N-terminal α-­helical domain and a C-terminal left-handed parallel β-­helix domain. Although other members of this protein family are known to form trimeric structures, SAT forms a dimer of trimers in which the trimer interface is mediated through interactions between both the β-­helix domains and N-terminal domains; these trimers dimerize through contacts in the N-­terminal domain. All dimer-of-trimer interactions are mediated through amino acids within an N-terminal extension common only to a subset of SATs, suggesting that members of this subfamily may also adopt hexameric structures. Putative active sites are formed by crevices between adjacent protomers in a trimer. Thus, six independent active sites exist in the hexameric enzyme complex.
Employer Mandates: A Failed American Invention

We encourage responses to papers appearing in Health Affairs, Please keep responses brief (two typed pages) and sharply focused. Health Affairs reserves the right to edit all letters for clarity and len
THE FELIX CYLINDER PROBLEM (INTERNATIONAL EDDY CURRENT WORKSHOP PROBLEM 1)

Problem 1 of the International Workshops for Eddy Current Code Comparison is a hollow cylinder with axis perpendicular to a uniform field. A total of 17 solutions are described and compared with experimental results. Many kinds of codes, both two‐ and three‐dimensional, were found to give satisfactory solutions.
Testing aptitude for computer programming.

This study explored the usefulness of a simulated work sample of programming (the Robot Test developed by the Bureau of the Census) as a criterion for validating programmer selection tests. In two samples of Civil Service employees in the United States Public Health Service, this type of criterion appeared quite predictable, with multiple correlations of .60 (N = 135) and .71 (N = 118). The best predictors of those studied were Parts 2 and 3 of the Programmer Aptitude Test, a frequently used selection test for programming. In one sample, the addition of the Numerical part of the Federal Service Entrance Examination significantly improved prediction of the criterion. Further research on the Robot Test is recommended.
Murine cell line model of proneural glioma for evaluation of anti-tumor therapies

Molecular subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM) with distinct alterations have been identified. There is need for reproducible, versatile preclinical models that resemble specific GBM phenotypes to facilitate preclinical testing of novel therapies. We present a cell line-based murine proneural GBM model and characterize its response to radiation therapy. Proneural gliomas were generated by injecting PDGF-IRES-Cre retrovirus into the subcortical white matter of adult mice that harbor floxed tumor suppressors (Pten and p53) and stop-floxed reporters. Primary cell cultures were generated from the retrovirus induced tumors and maintained in vitro for multiple passages. RNA sequencing-based expression profiling of the resulting cell lines was performed. The tumorigenic potential of the cells was assessed by intracranial injection into adult naive mice from different strains. Tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). BLI for tumor cells and brain slices were obtained and compared to in vivo BLI. Response to whole-brain radiation was assessed in glioma-bearing animals. Intracranial injection of Pdgf(+)Pten(-/-)p53(-/-)luciferase(+) glioma cells led to formation of GBM-like tumors with 100 % efficiency (n = 48) and tumorigenesis was retained for more than 3 generations. The cell lines specifically resembled proneural GBM based on expression profiling by RNA-Seq. Pdgf(+)Pten(-/-)p53(-/-)luciferase(+) cell number correlated with BLI signal. Serial BLI measured tumor growth and correlated with size and location by ex vivo imaging. Moreover, BLI predicted tumor-related mortality with a 93 % risk of death within 5 days following a BLI signal between 1 × 10(8) and 5 × 10(8) photons/s cm(2). BLI signal had transient but significant response following radiotherapy, which corresponded to a modest survival benefit for radiated mice (p < 0.05). Intracranial injection of Pdgf(+)Pten(-/-)p53(-/-)luciferase(+) cells constitutes a novel and highly reproducible model, recapitulating key features of human proneural GBM, and can be used to evaluate tumor-growth and response to therapy.
From Strategic Plan to Strategic Practice: The Communications Connection

A key to the effective implementation of strategic plans is the communication of the strategic plans to executives in functional areas. A study of eighteen organizations revealed that their functional executives’ knowledge of the strategic plan was closely tied to their corporate planners’ assessment of the quality of the communication of the plan. In contrast, the functional executives’ knowledge was not so closely tied to the planners’ assessment of merely the quality of the business plan itself.Different organizations use different communication tactics. These tactics suggest practical actions to enable strategic planners to improve the communication of their plans.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Intermetallic Compounds. I. Indium Antimonide

The conductivity and Hall coefficient of InSb have been measured over the temperature range 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 750\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At low temperatures an electron mobility of 30 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt-sec and a mobility ratio of 29 are observed. The effective mass of electrons is $0.04m$ and the width of the forbidden energy gap is 0.23 ev at $T=0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K.Optical absorption studies have been made at temperatures between 13\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The position of the absorption edge of degenerate $n$-type samples depends on the impurity content and is in good agreement with Burstein's predictions.
Near-Optimal Trajectory Generation for Omni-directional Vehicles by Constrained Dynamic Inversion

This paper presents a computationally cheap algorithm for near-optimal trajectory generation in presence of control constraints. We consider the problem of moving an omnidirectional vehicle from a specified initial state to a desired final state while maintaining a good trade-off between the maneuver time and the final state-error. A parameterized spline that satisfies the boundary conditions of the problem is used as an reference trajectory. The reference trajectory is parameterized by total maneuver time which also serves as an optimization parameter. Dynamic inversion is used to calculate the control required for tracking the reference trajectory. However, perfect tracking is not possible because of actuator saturation and noise. Therefore a tracker is implemented to set reasonable error-dynamics between the commanded and achieved trajectories. An optimization problem is posed to achieve the desired trade-off between the total time and final state-error. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing the generated trajectories with benchmark solutions obtained from a Chebyshev based pseudo-spectral optimization method.
Trellis coding with diversity for DS-SS CDMA communication over indoor radio channels

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) is an efficient method to combat multipath fading and interference, especially when combined with mitigation techniques like channel coding and diversity. The authors evaluate bounds to the performance of trellis codes in combination with conventional diversity for a DS-SS code division multiple access (CDMA) system in the indoor environment, modeled by a slowly varying, Rayleigh fading, discrete multipath channel. A Gaussian approximation for the multiuser interference, a star network configuration, and average power control are assumed. The index of performance is the average bit error probability. It is shown, for a given average error probability, that there is considerable improvement in the number of users supported by the subject system when compared with systems with either coding or diversity alone. >
Seven-Channel Fabry-Perot Spectrum Analyzer Used in Laser Scattering Measurements

A high resolution seven-channel Fabry-Perot interferometer spectrum analyzer is described that was used in laser scattering experiments on a θ-pinch plasma where the spectral width to be measured was of the order of 1 A. The resolution of the system was 0.2 A and covered a wavelength interval of 1.4 A. The interferometer was of the pressure tuned type, using dry nitrogen gas, to center the laser radiation on any given channel for wavelength calibration of the system. The Fabry-Perot plates had to be antireflection coated for proper performance of the system. A complete profile of the Doppler broadened scattered light is obtained in a single discharge, and a typical spectral profile is shown.
Distinguishing Native (Celastrus Scandens L.) and Invasive (C. Orbiculatus Thunb.) Bittersweet Species Using Morphological Characteristics1

Abstract Celastrus orbiculatus is an invasive liana in the Eastern United States. Its native congener, C. scandens, is less common and declining in the Northeast. The correct identification of these two species is often difficult because of their similar vegetative characteristics. Using morphological characteristics of both species growing naturally along a sand dune/forest ecotone, we built models for use in discriminating between the species, given a suite of leaf and fruit traits. We confirmed that the two species can be discriminated effectively using fruit characters, notably fruit volume and seed number. Several leaf traits, such as length-to-width ratio and leaf apex length can also discriminate between the species, but without the same predictive reliability of fruit traits. In addition, we determined that at leaf out in the spring the leaves of the two species were folded differently in the bud allowing them to be successfully discriminated in the early spring. Land managers could use this infor...
Signaling pathways of the F11 receptor (F11R; a.k.a. JAM-1, JAM-A) in human platelets: F11R dimerization, phosphorylation and complex formation with the integrin GPIIIa.

The F11 receptor (F11R) (a.k.a. Junctional Adhesion Molecule, JAM) was first identified in human platelets as a 32/35 kDa protein duplex that serves as receptor for a functional monoclonal antibody that activates platelets. We have sequenced and cloned the F11R and determined that it is a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. The signaling pathways involved in F11R-induced platelet activation were examined in this investigation. The binding of M.Ab.F11 to the platelet F11R resulted in granule secretion and aggregation. These processes were found to be dependent on the crosslinking of F11R with the FcγRII by M.Ab.F11. This crosslinking induced actin filament assembly with the conversion of discoidal platelets to activated shapes, leading to the formation of platelet aggregates. We demonstrate that platelet secretion and aggregation through the F11R involves actin filament assembly that is dependent on phosphoinositide-3 kinase activation, and inhibitable by wortmannin. F...
Screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic literature review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

BACKGROUND. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) represents a spectrum of anatomic abnormalities that can result in permanent disability. OBJECTIVE. We sought to gather and synthesize the published evidence regarding screening for DDH by primary care providers. METHODS. We performed a systematic review of the literature by using a best-evidence approach as used by the US Preventive Services Task Force. The review focused on screening relevant to primary care in infants from birth to 6 months of age and on interventions used in infants before 1 year of age. RESULTS. The literature on screening and interventions for DDH suffers from significant methodologic shortcomings. No published trials directly link screening to improved functional outcomes. Clinical examination and ultrasound identify somewhat different groups of newborns who are at risk for DDH. A significant proportion of hip abnormalities identified through clinical examination or ultrasound in the newborn period will spontaneously resolve. Very few studies examine the functional outcomes of patients who have undergone therapy for DDH. Because of the high rate and unpredictable nature of spontaneous resolution of DDH and the absence of rigorous comparative studies, the effectiveness of interventions is not known. All surgical and nonsurgical interventions have been associated with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, the most common and most severe harm associated with all treatments of DDH. CONCLUSIONS. Screening with clinical examination or ultrasound can identify newborns at increased risk for DDH, but because of the high rate of spontaneous resolution of neonatal hip instability and dysplasia and the lack of evidence of the effectiveness of intervention on functional outcomes, the net benefits of screening are not clear.
Using a Random-Effects Model to Test Differing Conceptualizations of Multidimensional Constructs

Previous work investigating the dimensionality of psychological constructs has assumed a fixed-effects model, in which one true correlation describes the relationship between two given dimensions. ...
CKD and Sudden Cardiac Death: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Approaches

Multiple studies demonstrate a strong independent association between CKD and cardiovascular events including death, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. This review focuses on recent clinical studies that expand this spectrum of adverse cardiovascular events to include ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In addition, experimental models suggest structural remodeling of the heart and electrophysiologic changes in this population. These processes may explain the increased arrhythmic risk in kidney disease and aid in identifying patients who are at higher risk for sudden cardiac death. Finally, we review here the data to support the use of pharmacologic and device-based therapies for both the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death.
A 184 mW Fully Integrated DVB-H Tuner With a Linearized Variable Gain LNA and Quadrature Mixers Using Cross-Coupled Transconductor

A fully integrated direct conversion DVB-H tuner is realized in a 0.5-mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. To meet the stringent linearity requirement while keeping low power consumption, novel linearization techniques for a variable-gain low-noise amplifier (VG-LNA) and a mixer are proposed. The proposed linearized VG-LNA has a variable gain range of over 50 dB, noise figure of less than 2.6 dB over the frequency range from 200 to 1000 MHz, and IIP3 of more than -10 dBm at a current consumption of 2.1 mA. The quadrature mixer with the proposed linearization technique achieves OIP3 of more than 25 dBm at a current consumption of 5 mA. In addition, a new offset-cancel feedback is introduced for the baseband block of a direct conversion receiver, which keeps the high-pass cutoff frequency independent of the baseband VGA gain. The fabricated tuner IC satisfies all the DVB-H requirements at a power consumption of 184 mW
Both Urinary and Rectal Escherichia coli Isolates Are Dominated by Strains of Phylogenetic Group B2

To compare the genetic structures of uropathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli populations, a total of 181 urinary and rectal E. coli isolates were classified into intraspecies phylogenetic groups by PCR amplifications of phylogenetic markers. The genetic variability of these isolates within phylogenetic groups was further assessed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) typing. The distributions of 10 known virulence factors were also examined. In contrast with most reports, phylogenetic group B2 not only accounted for the majority of urinary isolates from young women with urinary tract infections (69%) but also was the dominant group among the rectal isolates from healthy young women (48%). Such difference may be explained by geographic variation, difference in host population characteristics, or differences in sampling method, or a combination of the three. Strains with known virulence factors most frequently belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 and D. Additionally, group B2 and D rectal isolates were more heterogeneous than urinary isolates. Two subclusters existed within group B2 strains by ERIC typing. These subclusters were not evenly distributed between rectal and urine isolates and differed in virulence gene distribution.
Electric field computation of water droplets on a model insulator

The effect of droplets on the surface of the overhead insulators (porcelain and silicone rubber) and their contributions to electric field distribution and hence possibility of failure is investigated. Initially the variation of electric field distribution around a typical water droplet in the sheath and shed regions as a function of contact angle is investigated. The effect on field distribution in presence of multiple droplets is explored by varying the number, the relative positioning and contact angle.
Developmental Regulation of FKBP65 An ER-localized Extracellular Matrix Binding-Protein

FKBP65 (65-kDa FK506-binding protein) is a member of the highly conserved family of intracellular receptors called immunophilins. All have the property of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization, and most have been implicated in folding and trafficking events. In an earlier study, we identified that FKBP65 associates with the extracellular matrix protein tropoelastin during its transport through the cell. In the present study, we have carried out a detailed investigation of the subcellular localization of FKBP65 and its relationship to tropoelastin. Using subcellular fractionation, Triton X-114 phase separation, protease protection assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), we have identified that FKBP65 is contained within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequent IF studies colocalized FKBP65 with tropoelastin and showed that the two proteins dissociate before reaching the Golgi apparatus. Immunohistochemical localization of FKBP65 in developing lung showed strong staining of vascular and airway smooth muscle cells. Similar areas stained positive for the presence of elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix. The expression of FKBP65 was investigated during development as tropoelastin is not expressed in adult tissues. Tissue-specific expression of FKBP65 was observed in 12-d old mouse tissues; however, the pattern of expression of FKBP65 was not restricted to those tissues expressing tropoelastin. This suggests that additional ligands for FKBP65 likely exist within the ER. Remarkably, in the adult tissues examined, FKBP65 expression was absent or barely detectable. Taken together, these results support an ER-localized FKBP65-tropoelastin interaction that occurs specifically during growth and development of tissues.
Death and Dying in the Contemporary United States: What are the Psychological Implications of Anticipated Death?

Over the last 200 years, where, when and how Americans die has changed dramatically. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, most deaths occurred with little warning, typically due to short-term infectious diseases. In the contemporary United States, death typically happens to older adults following a long-term chronic illness. Most older adults die in institutions rather than at home, and many rely on life-extending medical technologies. For most older Americans, it is more useful and accurate to conceptualize the end of life as an anticipated and protracted process (i.e., dying) rather than a discrete and sudden event (i.e., death). In this article, I summarize historical and epidemiologic patterns of death and dying, and describe the implications of these patterns for two psychological processes: preparations for one’s own end of life; and psychological adjustment to the death of a loved one.
Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by methane over cerium and silver ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites

A new catalyst comprising cerium and silver ion-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite is reported in this paper, for the reduction of nitric oxide by methane in the presence of excess oxygen. The bi-cation exchanged Ce—Ag-ZSM-5 catalyst was very active for this reaction, while either Ce-ZSM-5 or Ag-ZSM-5 alone showed low activity. The presence of oxygen in the feed gas mixture enhanced the activity of the catalyst and the NO conversion to N2 increased with the CH4/NO ratio and Ag loading of the zeolite. The presence of water vapor had a small adverse effect on the catalyst activity. The coexistence of Ce and Ag ions in the zeolite is crucial for achieving high NO conversion to N2. A small amount of cerium is adequate to promote the selective catalytic reduction of NO. The two main functions of Ce ions are (i) to provide the Ag ion sites with NO2 by catalyzing the oxidation of NO to NO2 and (ii) to suppress the direct CH4 oxidation to CO2. The Ag sites are the active centers where the reaction of NO2 with CH4 takes place.
Cooperative Strategies and Achievable Rate for Tree Networks With Optimal Spatial Reuse

In this paper, a low-complexity cooperative protocol that significantly increases the average throughput of multihop upstream transmissions for wireless tree networks is developed and analyzed. A system in which transmissions are assigned to nodes in a collision free, spatial time division fashion is considered. The suggested protocol exploits the broadcast nature of wireless networks where the communication channel is shared between multiple adjacent nodes within interference range. For any upstream end-to-end flow in the tree, each intermediate node receives information from both one-hop and two-hop neighbors and transmits only sufficient information such that the next upstream one-hop neighbor will be able to decode the packet. This approach can be viewed as the generalization of the classical three node relay channel for end-to-end flows in which each intermediate node becomes successively source, relay and destination. The achievable rate for any regular tree network is derived and an optimal schedule that realizes this rate in most cases is proposed. Our protocol is shown to dramatically outperform the conventional scheme where intermediate nodes simply forward the packets hop by hop. At high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), it yields approximately 66% throughput gain for practical scenarios.
Determinants of Turnover Among Volunteers

This study examined the causal sequencing of attitudes, personal situations, and behavioral intentions as determinants of turnover among hospital volunteers. Structural equation modeling indicated that, consistent with prevailing models of turnover, attitudes and personal situations influenced turnover indirectly with intentions acting as a mediating factor. However, the analysis suggested that one aspect of the volunteer's personal situation (the convenience of the work schedule) also had a direct effect on turnover.
Can entropy maximization use functional traits to explain species abundances? A comprehensive evaluation

Entropy maximization (EM) is a method that can link functional traits and community composition by predicting relative abundances of each species in a community using limited trait information. We developed a complementary suite of tests to examine the strengths and limitations of EM and the community-aggregated traits (CATs; i.e., weighted averages) on which it depends that can be applied to virtually any plant community data set. We show that suites of CATs can be used to differentiate communities and that EM can address the classic problem of characterizing ecological niches by quantifying constraints (CATs) on complex trait relationships in local communities. EM outperformed null models and comparable regression models in communities with different levels of dominance, diversity, and trait similarity. EM predicted well the abundance of the dominant species that drive community-level traits; it typically identified rarer species as such, although it struggled to predict the abundances of the rarest species in some cases. Predictions were sensitive to choice of traits, were substantially improved by using informative priors based on null models, and were robust to variation in trait measurement due to intraspecific variability or measurement error. We demonstrate how similarity in species' traits confounds predictions and provide guidelines for applying EM.
Magnetic error analysis of recycler PBAR injection transfer line

Detailed study of Fermilab Recycler Ring anti-proton injection line became feasible with its BPM system upgrade, though the beamline has been in existence and operational since year 2000. Previous attempts were not fruitful due to limitations in the BPM system. Among the objectives are the assessment of beamline optics and the presence of error fields. In particular the field region of the permanent Lambertson magnets at both ends of R22 transfer line will be scrutinized.
A directed search approach for unit-memory convolutional codes

A set of heuristic algorithms to numerically search for binary unit-memory convolutional codes (UMC) are presented along with a large number of new codes for 2/spl les/k/spl les/8 and code rate 1/4/spl les/R<1. Combinatorial optimization is used which involves selecting and then pairwise-matching column vectors of the two (n,k) UMC tap weight matrices. The column selection problem is that of finding the best (2n,k) binary, linear block code (BC). In this correspondence, the best BC generator matrix G is found by successively refining G using directed local exhaustive searches. In particular, the set of minimum-weight codewords are used to find a subset of G to exhaustively search. The UMC search strategy (pairwise matching problem) uses a directed local exhaustive search similar to the BC directed search by using the concept of the terminated BC of the UMC. The heuristic algorithms developed in this correspondence are very robust and converge relatively quickly to the optimal or near-optimal UMC. In addition, although it is generally possible to achieve the block code upper bound for free distance, we give a class of UMCs which cannot achieve this bound.
Studies of the cation exchange system Fe+++−H+: II. Rate studies in concentrated solutions

Fixed-bed kinetic studies were made for Fe+++ — H+ exchange, with perchlorate as the anion, covering concentrations from 0.5 N to 2.0 N in total cation, flow rates of 5 ml./min. sq. cm. to 45 ml./min. sq. cm. bed depth of 25 to 60 cm., and average resin particle diameters of 0.28 and 0.56 mm. The results are correlated on the assumption of internal diffusion as the rate-controlling step and an essentially irreversible equilibrium.
Determinants of global portfolio composition

The efficient set is derived using unhedged returns of stock market indices of ‘Group of Seven’ countries. It is found that total risk is far more important than return in determining whether or not a stock market index is included in an optimal portfolio on the efficient set.
Effect of salicylate on the metabolism of L-thyroxine.

The effect of sodium salicylate on the metabolism of thyroxine has been studied in isolated perfused rat livers and in rats with biliary fistulas. When sodium salicylate was added in doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 mg to the perfusing blood containing T4- mI , there was a progressive increase in the rate of disappearance of the T4 from the blood and an increased uptake of T4 by the isolated liver. Increased rates of conjugation of T4 with glucuronic acid and excretion of the T4 glucuronide in bile occurred with the 12.5-mg dose of salicylate. The rate of conjugation was not increased proportionately with the larger doses of salicylate and retention of T4 in the liver was then increased. Deiodination of the hormone in the liver was depressed with the higher doses of salicylate. In rats with biliary fistulas, when 75-mg doses of salicylate were administered an hour before intravenous injection of T4-131I, the output of 131I in bile was greater than in untreated rats but not as great as in rats treated with but...
Descartes’ Healthy Machines and the Human Exception

In responding to Libertus Fromondus’ criticism of Les meteores as “excessively gross and mechanical [mechanica],” Descartes made the now-famous concession that in natural philosophy he utilized “shapes, sizes and motions, as happens in mechanics [Mechanica],” and even went so far as to characterize his work as a “mechanical philosophy [mechanica philosophia].” On reflection it seems likely that Fromondus and Descartes were speaking past one another in their exchange, as Alan Gabbey has persuasively argued, with each meaning something rather different by mechanica. Still, one wonders why, notwithstanding Descartes’ concession, the medical claims from Discourse Five did not prompt Fromondus’ “mechanical” accusation. In Discourse Five we are told, for example, that (1) “laws of mechanics are … the same as those of nature,” (2) we should regard the human body—a natural object—“as a machine” and (3) the heart beat follows “just as necessarily as the motion of a clock from the force, position and shape of its counterweights and wheels.” Although Discourse Five does not draw equally on these three claims, their presence surely warrants calling Discourse Five “mechanical.” It may even be the most mechanical of all the parts of the Discours and its companion essays.
On representing indefinite and maybe information in relational databases

An extension is presented of the relational model to present indefinite and maybe kinds of incomplete information. A data structure, called an I-table, is introduced, which is capable of representing indefinite and maybe facts. The information content of the I-table is defined and an operator to remove redundant facts is presented. The relational algebra is then extended, in a semantically correct way, to operate on I-tables. Queries are posed in the same way as in conventional relational algebra, but the user may expect indefinite as well as maybe answers. >