cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation: inter-relationships between symptoms, psychosocial factors and cardiovascular outcomes

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the USA and is associated with several modifiable (hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, tobacco use, physical inactivity, obesity and unhealthy diet) and nonmodifiable (age, gender and family history) risk factors. The role of psychosocial risk factors in the development of cardiovascular disease has a growing body of literature, and differences in men and women have been identified. The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation provides insight into psychosocial risk factors in a cohort of women presenting with chest pain who had a comprehensive battery of psychosocial assessments and long-term follow-up. This review focuses on symptom presentation for chest pain and its relationship to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, quality of life, healthcare costs and psychosocial predictor variables, including anxiety, depression, hostility and social networks. In the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation, persistent chest pain was associated with an increased rate of adverse events and relatively high rates of depression and anxiety, with reduced functional capacity and impaired quality of life, over a median of 6 years of follow-up. More research is needed to better understand the relationships between symptoms and negative emotions and to determine whether psychological (pharmacologic and/or cognitive) interventions might impact both psychological and cardiovascular outcomes.
A Device to Measure Quadrupole Gradient-Length Product

This instrument measures the "focusing strength," fgdz, of a quadrupole by moving a bundle of wires across its bore and recording the integrals of the two voltage loops generated by each stroke, together with the length of the stroke. A discussion of errors is given that indicates that it is possible to do .01% measurements upon electromagnets of moderately good quality with the device if amplitudes and phases of non-quadrupole field components are known from other measurements.
The perceived legitimacy of statutory rape laws: the effects of victim age, perpetrator age, and age span

Statutory rape laws are intended to protect minors below the age of consent from engaging in behavior that, although not forceful, may be harmful. Two studies explored how individual judgments of adolescent sexual behavior and statutory rape are affected by victim age, perpetrator age, and the age span between partners. Across studies, respondents were significantly more critical of scenarios depicting younger victims, older perpetrators, and larger age spans between the two. These findings, using indirect measures, suggest that college students believe 16 is an appropriate age of consent and that sexual acts between adolescents who are within 2 years of age should not be criminalized.
Influence of the wave-front correlation function and deterministic wave-front aberrations on the speckle image-reconstruction problem in the high-light-level regime

The speckle transfer function 〈T(α1)T*(α2)〉 has been analyzed as a function of the strength of the atmospheric turbulence, of the shape of the wave-front correlation function, and of the lower-order deterministic aberrations. The speckle transfer function is shown to be highly dependent on the width of the wave-front correlation function. The effects of symmetric aberrations (e.g., defocus and spherical aberration) and asymmetric aberrations (e.g., coma) in the exit pupil of the telescope have been calculated for 〈|T(α)|2〉, the transfer function of Labeyrie speckle interferometry, and for 〈T(α)T*(α + β)〉, the transfer function of the Knox–Thompson phase-recovery algorithm.
Assessing the Predictive Ability of the Transtheoretical Model's Heavy Episodic Drinking Constructs Among a Population of Underage Students

The current study examined the ability of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to describe and predict alcohol consumption-related behaviors. Data from 321 first-year students were collected on the first day of classes and the week before finals. Three structural models consistent with the TTM were evaluated and tested. The three models fit the data well and indicated that stage of change was a good predictor of alcohol consumption-related behaviors, current and future, and change in alcohol consumption-related behaviors. These results suggest that interventions aimed at first-year students that concentrate on stage of change and the cons of alcohol use may be effective.
Effects of p-Aminobenzoic Acid, Methionine, Threonine and Protein Levels on Susceptibility of Mice to Plasmodium berghei

The effects of dietary p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), protein, methionine and threonine on Plasmodium berghei infection in mice were investigated. Animals were fed diets containing 12 or 20% casein supplemented with PABA (0 or 2 mg/kg diet), methionine (0 or 15 mg/g casein) and threonine (0, 7.5, 27.5 or 47.5 mg/g casein). Percent mortality was lower in rats fed diets without PABA than in those fed diets containing PABA. All further experiments were conducted without supplemental PABA. While the mean day of death was greater in the groups fed 12% casein, percent mortality in these groups was nearly twofold higher than in the groups fed 20% casein. The presence or absence of 15 mg methionine per gram casein had no effect on percent mortality, mean day of death, or percent parasitemia, regardless of dietary casein level. Supplementation of threonine at any level to the 12% casein diet with supplemental methionine resulted in mortality rates similar to those from animals fed the 20% casein diets, but percent mortality was not altered by threonine in the absence of supplemental methionine. The mean day of death of animals fed 20% casein increased with increments of added threonine. Methionine had no influence on this phenomenon. It is concluded that the quantity of dietary protein and the quality of its amino acid composition can have profound effects on the susceptibility of mice to malaria.
B-Afferents: A fundamental division of the nervous system mediating homeostasis?

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has classically been separated into a somatic division composed of both afferent and efferent pathways and an autonomic division containing only efferents. J. N. Langley, who codified this asymmetrical plan at the beginning of the twentieth century, considered different afferents, including visceral ones, as candidates for inclusion in his concept of the “autonomic nervous system” (ANS), but he finally excluded all candidates for lack of any distinguishing histological markers. Langley's classification has been enormously influential in shaping modern ideas about both the structure and the function of the PNS. We survey recent information about the PNS and argue that many of the sensory neurons designated as “visceral” and “somatic” are in fact part of a histologically distinct group of afferents concerned primarily autonomic function. These afferents have traditionally been known as “small dark” neurons or B-neurons. In this target article we outline an association between autonomic and B-neurons based on ontogeny, cell phenotype, and functional relations, grouping them together as part of a common reflex system involved in homeostasis. This more parsimonious classification of the PNS, made possible by the identification of a group of afferents associated primarily with the ANS, avoids a number of confusions produced by the classical orientation. It may also have practical implications for an understanding of nociception, homeostatic reflexes, and the evolution of the nervous system.
Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Factors in 187 Cases of Transformed Mycosis Fungoides.

Abstract Introduction Large cell transformation (LCT) of mycosis fungoides (MF) is associated with an aggressive clinical course, poor overall survival (OS), and variable CD30 expression. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1900 MF/Sezary syndrome patients' clinical, histologic and immunophenotype and identified 187 patients seen between 1982 and 2012. Results Most advanced stage patients with LCT were male 86 of 155 (55.4%) and 69 were female (44.5%). Incidence of LCT (n = 187) was 9.8% (187/1900) in skin and/or nodes of the entire MF/SS database population (n = 1900). Advanced stage patients represented 83% of patients whose median OS was 4.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-5.4). Early stage patients represented 17% with OS of 8.0 years. Among 187 LCT patients, 136 patients (73%) were diagnosed with LCT at the time of initial diagnosis of MF. Their median OS was 3.6 years (95% CI, 3.3-5.3). Of the 51 patients who had LCT diagnosed after their initial diagnosis of MF, their median OS was 8.8 years (P = .0001; 95% CI, 1.6-4.1). The OS for all LCT patients was 4.8 years, for patients older than 60 years of age OS was 3.7 years (95% CI, 2.7-5.4) and was 6.2 years (95% CI, 4.5-9.8) for patients younger than 60 years of age (P = .0001). An increased lactate dehydrogenase level was associated with a decreased OS (P = .03; hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.2). Patients with CD30 expression in ≥ 10% of the lymphocytes in skin biopsies were 40% more likely to survive than patients with low expression. Conclusion In summary, risk factors associated with disease progression were advanced age, LCT at the time of initial diagnosis of MF, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, and CD30 expression
LOST INSIDE THE BELTWAY: A REPLY TO PROFESSOR MORRISON

In a recent book review of The Decline and Fall of the American Republic, Professor Trevor Morrison challenged the book's critique of the Office of Legal Counsel and the White House Counsel, arguing that both these institutions are fundamentally sound. Professor Ackerman rejoins the debate to argue that Morrison's analysis fails to undermine the basic case for far-reaching reform. He suggests that, so long as existing institutions remain in place, future generations confront the serious danger that recent legal pathologies will repeat themselves.
Is State Ownership in the Indian Banking Sector Desirable

A large part of the Indian banking system is still state-owned, at the same time when there are several private banks as well as nonbank financial institutions. This article provides evidence that the state ownership—by implicitly conferring stronger guarantees on state-owned banks—distorts the level playing field between various banking sector players. It then relates this lack of level playing field to the role played by government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—in the recent housing boom and bust in the United States. It therefore proposes a graceful exit of the state from the Indian banking sector.
Research on Simulation Training System of Live Line Work Based on Virtual Reality Technology

For improving operation skills of live line work,ensuring the safety of operation in power system and overcoming the shortcomings of conventional power training,this paper studies the simulation training system of live line work based on virtual reality technology.The tools of model construction,simulation operation and database building are used to realize the training function with the help of Quest3D,VC+ +6.0,3DMAX8.0 and so on.Practice results show that the system is effective,which lays the foundation for standardization and visualization of the simulation training system for live line work.
Simulation Analysis of Effects of Transformer Windings on Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharge Electromagnetic Waves

A simulation model for transformer windings is proposed to study the effect of the transformer windings on the propagation of electromagnetic(EM)wave induced by partial discharge(PD).The study is based on the size of windings in a 330 kV power transformer.A finite difference time domain(FDTD)method is used to analyze the propagation of PD EM wave in both internal and external windings.The effect of transformer windings on the propagation characteristics of PD electromagnetic waves is studied by applying PD pulse current signals in different places.This model is also used to study the effect of winding structures on the frequency spectrum of PD electromagnetic waves.The sum of the peak amplitudes in different bands and their proportions in the total sum are calculated through dividing the frequency spectrum into different bands.The calculation results are compared with those obtained in the places with and without obstacles(windings).It is found that the effects of transformer windings on the propagation characteristics of typical partial discharge electromagnetic waves are different in different places,and that the propagation characteristics depend on the location of PD according to windings.Windings increase the amplitude of EM waves from internal PD,especially in thefrequency band 1 000 MHz-2 500 MHz;and make a strong attenuation of 30% on the amplitude of EM waves from external PD.
The Applications of 3D Variance Analysis Software in Automobile Development

The article studies new vehicle of SGMW,applies 3D variance analysis software to analyze the exterior offset clearance between front guard and fender.Based on it,the article optimizes the location plan and design data until it got the satisfied results,which can obtain some remarkable effects.
SEMIGROUPS WHOSE CONGRUENCES FORM A CHAIN AND WHICH ARE EXTENSIONS OF CONGRUENCE–FREE SEMIGROUPS

This paper studies finite semigroups which are ideal extensions of congruence-free semigroups and which are such that their set of congruences forms a chain, and shows how to construct all such semigroups.
POSITION PAPER: Countering the Noise-Induced Critical Path Problem

As the number of cores grow in HPC systems, so does the effect of system noise on applications running on these systems. With the knowledge that future large-scale parallel computer systems, including exascale systems, will operate under an overall power bound, we claim to have found a solution that can counter the effects of noise. We present two methods that estimate the effects of noise on an application and then optimally redistributes power among nodes, such that the effects of noise are "hidden".
Size Dependence of Nanoparticle Magnetization

The magnetization of noninteracting metallic nanoparticles is investigated by comparing the particle-size and temperature dependences of the magnetization for several mechanisms. The nanoparticle magnetization deviates from that of the underlying bulk materials due to zero-temperature and thermal effects, and on a mean-field level, the corresponding surface-core interaction is described by a Landau–Ginzburg approach. A major factor is the reduced atomic coordination at the surface, which has often, but not always, opposite effects on the zero-temperature magnetization and Curie temperatures. The coordination effect is particularly pronounced for very weak itinerant ferromagnets and for strongly exchange-enhanced Pauli paramagnets. With regard to external magnetic fields, the nanoparticle magnetization involves several “superparamagnetic” phenomena, namely, Neel relaxation, Brownian relaxation, and Langevin macrospin paramagnetism.
Philosophy and Phenomenological Intuition

In this paper, it is intended to explore and re-establish a way of philosophizing as the “revelation of the world,” following the tradition of phenomenological research in terms of problems, methods, and the historical horizon. It will be pursued through searching its anticipating mode of philosophical inquiry in Max Scheler’s philosophical investigations.
Abstract 817: Myo10 is a Sensor for Endothelial Migration Induced by BMP6 via Regulation of Filopodia

Endothelial cell migration is a key step during angiogenesis and dysregulation of this process is held responsible for many aspects of cardiovascular and other diseases. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are potent stimulators of cell migration and angiogenesis. However, the signaling pathways necessary for migration induced by BMPs are still poorly understood. To search for novel genes contributing to BMP-induced endothelial migration, we performed gene expression profiling experiments using microarray analysis technology. We found that Myosin X (Myo10), which is known to regulate filopodial integrity, is potently upregulated by BMP2 or BMP6. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis indicate more than 10-fold increase of Myo10 mRNA and protein levels. The upregulation of Myo10 is regulated through the Smad pathway since Smad inhibitors Smad6 and Smad7 significantly inhibit Myo10 upregulation induced by BMP6. In endothelial cells, BMP6-induced Myo10 localizes in filopodia and filopodia number increases from 20±11 to 54±17 per cell as determined by scanning electron microscopy. This finding is consistent with our observation that increased filopodial extensions are induced by overexpression of Myo10. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrates that endogenous Myo10 and BMP6 type I receptor ALK6 are associated and that BMP6 treatment increases their binding. Immunofluorescence data demonstrates that with BMP6 treatment ALK6 translocates into filopodia, co-localizes with Myo10 and undergoes intrafilopodia motility. Boyden chamber assays indicate that the knockdown of Myo10 with specific small hairpin- (sh−) RNAs inhibits BMP6-induced cell migration (from 53±5 to 4±2 cells per field), surporting the model that Myo10 located in filopodia plays a key role in endothelial migration induced by BMP6. However, overexpression of Myo10 alone is not sufficient to increase endothelial migration compared to control (from 4±1 to 7±1 cells per field), and that a BMP6 gradient is needed to increase cell migration significantly (from 7±1 to 29±5 cells per field). Therefore, our data strongly suggest that Myo10 plays a critical role as a sensor in the guidance of endothelial migration towards BMP6 gradient via the regulation of filopodia function.
Article 4 [General Obligations]

Article 4 is a key provision to fully understand the obligations that States Parties have undertaken by ratifying the Convention as the norm defines the scope of these obligations and their legal nature.
Book review: P. Bunce, R. Phillipson, V. Rapatahana and R. Tupas (eds), Why English? Confronting the Hydra

Review(s) of: Why English?: Confronting the hydra, by P. Bunce, R. Phillipson, V. Rapatahana and R. Tupas (eds), Bristol, England, Multilingual Matters, 2016. ISBN 9781783095841.
Mechanisms of Morality: Sources of Support for Humanitarian Intervention

Humanitarian interventions (HIs) are a common aspect of US foreign policy. Policy makers acknowledge the importance of public support for interventions, but scholars remain divided about the extent and basis of that support. Using a series of survey experiments, we evaluate attitudes about HIs, assess whether the public supports these interventions for instrumental or moral reasons, and test which aspects of morality are most salient. The findings indicate that interventions addressing humanitarian crises boost public support, with the basis of that support residing primarily in normative contentions that the United States has a moral obligation to protect civilians. This research advances understandings of morality in foreign policy, mediates debates about the determinants of public attitudes—including when the public makes moral rather than prudent decisions about interventions—and has important policy implications. It suggests a morally motivated public may be more likely to support risky HIs, increasi...
Besides Imprinting: Meg3 Regulates Cardiac Remodeling in Cardiac Hypertrophy.

It is now firmly recognized that although the majority of mammalian genome is transcribed to RNA, protein-coding transcripts occupy only a minor part of mammalian transcriptome. Instead, increasing evidence suggests that the majority of mammalian RNAs is comprised noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are a diverse class of RNAs with many subclasses involved in a wide variety of physiological functions, including those in the heart. Although the functions of small RNAs, including microRNAs, have been elucidated in the past 2 decades, those of longer ncRNAs are increasing being investigated in various fields of studies, including cardiovascular medicine. Among longer ncRNAs, those longer than 200 nucleotides are classified as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Numerous screening studies have identified several thousand lncRNAs expressed in the heart using microarrays and next-generation sequencing (eg, RNA sequencing), yet only handful have been characterized.1 This lack of characterized lncRNAs is partially because of the low sequence conservation of lncRNAs, making it difficult to translate screening of lncRNAs in humans (eg, patients with cardiovascular disease versus healthy donors) to model organisms (eg, mice, rat, and zebrafish) to study the target lncRNAs in vivo because homologs of lncRNAs cannot easily be identified. However, some well-conserved lncRNAs do exist among humans and other organisms, especially those that are involved in genomic imprinting, which is an epigenetic phenomenon whereby genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin dependent manner.2 Although their function in imprinting is well characterized, the functions outside of imprinting are still under investigation, which should broaden our understanding of …
Infrared Near-Field Transducer for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is one of the next generation data storage technologies that aims to increase the areal data density to beyond 1 TB/in2. Near-field transducer (NFT), which is a type of plasmonic nanoscale antenna, is a key component of the HAMR system. The laser in an HAMR system typically operates in the near infrared wavelength range between 700–900 nm. We explore the plasmonic behavior and performance of a number of NFTs at longer wavelength of 1550 nm. The different plasmonic modes in the NFTs at different wavelengths are analyzed, and the correlation of the NFT performance with variations in the geometrical design is investigated. Thermal performances of NFT are also studied and compared with the thermal performances when NFTs are operated near 800 nm. It is found that there is a significant improvement in the figures of merit when using longer wavelengths and this can provide an important strategy to realize higher performance data storage devices.
Toxicity trial of canine posterior cricoarytenoid intramuscular vincristine injections.

Objectives/hypothesis In animal studies, intramuscular vincristine injections have been shown to block reinnervation of the denervated target muscle. This application could be used selectively to influence recovery patterns following injury of recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs). However, vincristine is currently Food and Drug Administration approved only for intravenous use. A formal toxicity trial of intramuscular injections was performed. Study design Animal study. Methods Sixteen female canines underwent direct laryngoscopy with injection of moderate- (0.4 mg, n = 8) or high-dose (0.6 mg, n = 8) vincristine into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles. Plasma samples were collected at various time points postinjection and vincristine levels determined. At 24 hours (n = 7) or 14 days (n = 9) postinjection, animals were anesthetized and videolaryngoscopy documented vocal fold mobility and mucosal appearance. Adductor function was measured during stimulation of the RLN. Larynges were processed for histology. Results Fifteen minutes after injection, plasma vincristine levels averaged 10.2% ± 6.7% of the intravenous maximum, suggesting about 90% of the vincristine remained within the PCA muscle. Plasma levels were usually below detectable limits within 24 hours. At the end points, all animals had grossly normal-appearing mucosa and full range of motion. Laryngeal adductor strength was normal in all cases. Histology showed moderate to severe acute inflammation in the submucosa only in the high-dose group at 24 hours. There was no necrosis of muscle or mucosa. Conclusions Intramuscular vincristine injections into the canine PCA muscles resulted in no significant local toxicity, even at the maximum dose. It would be reasonable to evaluate this treatment strategy in a phase I human trial. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 128:E247-E250, 2018.
Coefficient of thermal expansion and biaxial Young's modulus in Si-rich silicon nitride thin films

The coefficient of thermal expansion (α) and biaxial Young's modulus is determined by comparing the differential thermal stress induced in Si-rich silicon nitride thin films deposited on single-crystal Si and sapphire substrates. The amorphous films are deposited in mixtures of dichlorosilane and ammonia, by low pressure chemical vapor deposition, in a temperature range of 1050–1115 K. Temperature-dependent wafer curvature measurements are performed to determine the differential thermal stress, across a temperature range spanning 300–800 K. Observations indicate that both α and the biaxial modulus decrease as the silicon content in the films increases. The trend of reduction in α is consistent with the relative α values for the limiting-case compositions of cubic-Si3N4 and amorphous Si. The decrease in α is attributed to a reduction in anharmonicity associated with Si–Si bonds relative to Si–N bonds. The biaxial modulus is observed to be proportional to the inverse cube root of the amorphous Si volume fra...
Góes Jr., Plínio de, editor. The Luso-Anarchist Reader: The Origins of Anarchism in Portugal and Brazil. Information Age, 2017.

The Luso-Anarchist Reader: The Origins of Anarchism in Portugal and Brazil is a wonderfully edited and translated collection of early twenty-first-century anarchist writing previously unavailable in English. Plinio de Goes, Jr., a professor of Portuguese studies and a lawyer, has done a great service in translating, compiling, and contextualizing these important works.
Classification and Non-Classification Results for Abelian Groups

We survey some results which use model theory and/or set theory to give strong evidence for the non-existence of complete systems of invariants for certain classes of abelian groups, especially ℵ1-separable groups.
Basic Gynecologic Procedures

Since the early twentieth century, gynecologic office procedures have enabled women safe, therapeutic treatments that minimized their exposure to anesthetics and hastened their return to their everyday lives. In this century, office procedures are performed for a variety of reasons that range from preventative to acute, interventional care. This chapter provides background information, concise, step-by-step instructions, and relevant clinical context for common office procedures. Today, intrauterine devices (IUDs) are increasingly used for their non-contraceptive, as well as contraceptive benefits. When performed properly, IUD placement can be a seamless and relatively painless procedure. The same can be said for endometrial biopsy: Given the numerous medical, radiologic, and minimally invasive procedures to treat uterine conditions, endometrial sampling is critical in planning thoughtful and appropriate gynecologic care. And finally, prompt pain relief can be delivered to a patient suffering from an obstructed Bartholin cyst or abscess within the office setting. Choosing the correct procedure for the patient requires consideration. Within this chapter, a variety of Bartholin gland procedures, their advantages and disadvantages, and the steps and various techniques are discussed in detail.
Intelligent model selection for hillclimbing search in computer-aided design

Models of physical systems can differ according to computational cost, accuracy and precision, among other things. Depending on the problem solving task at hand, different models will be appropriate. Several investigators have recently developed methods of automatically selecting among multiple models of physical systems. Our research is novel in that we are developing model selection techniques specifically suited to computer-aided design. Our approach is based on the idea that artifact performance models for computer-aided design should be chosen in light of the design decisions they are required to support. We have developed a technique called "Gradient Magnitude Model Selection" (GMMS), which embodies this principle. GMMS operates in the context of a hillclimbing search process. It selects the simplest model that meets the needs of the hillclimbing algorithm in which it operates. We are using the domain of sailing yacht design as a testbed for this research. We have implemented GMMS and used it in hillclimbing search to decide between a computationally expensive potential-flow program and an algebraic approximation to analyze the performance of sailing yachts. Experimental tests show that GMMS makes the design process faster than it would be if the most expensive model were used for all design evaluations. GMMS achieves this performance improvement with little or no sacrifice in the quality of the resulting design.
The importance of quality of life to patient decision making in breast cancer care.

Nonmaleficence must not be sacrificed in the name of the patient's autonomy, but there is no need to undertake needlessly invasive treatments for a small boost in protection against cancer recurrence if the patient does not wish to do so.
Organic Acids and Potential for Modifying the Avian Gastrointestinal Tract and Reducing Pathogens and Disease

Recently, antibiotics have been withdrawn from some poultry diets; leaving the birds at risk for increased incidence of dysbacteriosis and disease. Furthermore, mortalities occurring from disease contribute between 10 to 20% of production cost in developed countries. Currently, numerous feed supplements are being proposed as effective antibiotic alternatives in poultry diets, such as prebiotics, probiotics, acidic compounds, competitive exclusion products, herbs, essential oils, and bacteriophages. However, acidic compounds consisting of organic acids show promise as antibiotic alternatives. Organic acids have demonstrated the capability to enhance poultry performance by altering the pH of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and consequently changing the composition of the microbiome. In addition, organic acids, by altering the composition of the microbiome, protect poultry from pH-sensitive pathogens. Protection is further provided to poultry by the ability of organic acids to potentially enhance the morphology and physiology of the GIT and the immune system. Thus, the objective of the current review is to provide an understanding of the effects organic acids have on the microbiome of poultry and the effect those changes have on the prevalence of pathogens and diseases in poultry. From data reviewed, it can be concluded that the efficacy of organic acids on shifting microbiome composition is limited to the time of administration, the composition of the organic acid product, and the current health conditions of poultry.
Applications of UAVs in Civil Infrastructure

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), or drones, have become popular tools for practitioners and researchers alike. Recent years have seen a significant increase in UAV uses for many applications...
A high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for level set problems on polygonal meshes

Abstract We propose and analyze discontinuous Galerkin schemes for solving level set equations on polygonal meshes. For linear equations, we assume that the velocity is given only on the cell surface. Velocity inside mesh cells is approximated using virtual element projectors on polynomial spaces. For nonlinear equations, we use the Taylor expansion to approximate the normalized solution gradient. We analyze the new schemes for a set of typical level set problems using square and polygonal meshes. The numerical results indicate great potential for using polygonal meshes in applications.
Sixteen years of bathymetry and waves at San Diego beaches

Sustained, quantitative observations of nearshore waves and sand levels are essential for testing beach evolution models, but comprehensive datasets are relatively rare. We document beach profiles and concurrent waves monitored at three southern California beaches during 2001-2016. The beaches include offshore reefs, lagoon mouths, hard substrates, and cobble and sandy (medium-grained) sediments. The data span two energetic El Nino winters and four beach nourishments. Quarterly surveys of 165 total cross-shore transects (all sites) at 100 m alongshore spacing were made from the backbeach to 8 m depth. Monthly surveys of the subaerial beach were obtained at alongshore-oriented transects. The resulting dataset consists of (1) raw sand elevation data, (2) gridded elevations, (3) interpolated elevation maps with error estimates, (4) beach widths, subaerial and total sand volumes, (5) locations of hard substrate and beach nourishments, (6) water levels from a NOAA tide gauge (7) wave conditions from a buoy-driven regional wave model, and (8) time periods and reaches with alongshore uniform bathymetry, suitable for testing 1-dimensional beach profile change models.
Numerical Studies into the Possibility of "Lock-On" in a GaN Photoconductive Switch for High Power Applications

Time-dependent photocurrent response in semi-insulating GaN is simulated with a focus on the Lock-On phenomenon. A one-dimensional, time-dependent model based on the drift-diffusion theory is used. The model is tested for GaAs and shown to yield good agreement with data. The GaN simulations are then performed. The main findings are that deeper traps nearer the valence band at higher densities, and materials with larger high-field drift velocity would all aid in attaining Lock-On. The threshold field for Lock-on in GaN is predicted to be around 150 kV/cm, though this is strongly dependent on the trap parameters.
Non-signaling Chimeric Antigen Receptors Enhance Antigen-Directed Killing by γδ T Cells in Contrast to αβ T Cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have demonstrated efficacy against B cell leukemias/lymphomas. However, redirecting CAR T cells to malignant T cells is more challenging due to product-specific cis- and trans-activation causing fratricide. Other challenges include the potential for product contamination and T cell aplasia. We expressed non-signaling CARs (NSCARs) in γδ T cells since donor-derived γδ T cells can be used to prevent product contamination, and NSCARs lack signaling/activation domains, but retain antigen-specific tumor cell-targeting capability. As a result, NSCAR targeting requires an alternative cytotoxic mechanism, which can be achieved through utilization of γδ T cells that possess major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent cytotoxicity. We designed two distinct NSCARs and demonstrated that they do not enhance tumor-killing by αβ T cells, as predicted. However, both CD5-NSCAR- and CD19-NSCAR-modified γδ T cells enhanced cytotoxicity against T and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL and B-ALL) cell lines, respectively. CD5-NSCAR expression in γδ T cells resulted in a 60% increase in cytotoxicity of CD5-expressing T-ALL cell lines. CD19-NSCAR-modified γδ T cells exhibited a 350% increase in cytotoxicity against a CD19-expressing B-ALL cell line compared to the cytotoxicity of naive cells. NSCARs may provide a mechanism to enhance antigen-directed anti-tumor cytotoxicity of γδ T cells through the introduction of a high-affinity interaction while avoiding self-activation.
Spectral clusters, asymmetric spaces, and boundary control for Schrödinger equation with strong singularities

We consider a linear system composed of N+1 Schrodinger equations connected by point-mass-like interface conditions. We show that the system is exactly controllable with a Dirichlet boundary control at one end, and various homogeneous boundary conditions on the other end. The reachable set is characterized by spectral data. We then study the regularity of the reachable functions using a family of Riesz bases of asymmetric spaces.
Low-level light in combination with metabolic modulators for effective therapy of injured brain

Vascular damage occurs frequently at the injured brain causing hypoxia and is associated with poor outcomes in the clinics. We found high levels of glycolysis, reduced adenosine triphosphate generation, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in neurons under hypoxia. Strikingly, these adverse events were reversed significantly by noninvasive exposure of injured brain to low-level light (LLL). Low-level light illumination sustained the mitochondrial membrane potential, constrained cytochrome c leakage in hypoxic cells, and protected them from apoptosis, underscoring a unique property of LLL. The effect of LLL was further bolstered by combination with metabolic substrates such as pyruvate or lactate both in vivo and in vitro. The combinational treatment retained memory and learning activities of injured mice to a normal level, whereas other treatment displayed partial or severe deficiency in these cognitive functions. In accordance with well-protected learning and memory function, the hippocampal region primarily responsible for learning and memory was completely protected by combination treatment, in marked contrast to the severe loss of hippocampal tissue because of secondary damage in control mice. These data clearly suggest that energy metabolic modulators can additively or synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of LLL in energy-producing insufficient tissue-like injured brain.
A Study of the Relationship of Dominance to the Performance of Physical Education Activities

(1938). A Study of the Relationship of Dominance to the Performance of Physical Education Activities. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health and Physical Education: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 98-119.
Information Distortion in the Evaluation of a Single Option

Extending previous work on biased predecisional processing, we investigate the distortion of information during the evaluation of a single option. A coherence-based account of the evaluation task suggests that individuals will form an initial assessment of favorability toward the option and then bias their evaluation of subsequent information to cohere with this initial disposition. Three experiments test this hypothesis. Initial disposition was manipulated (Studies 1 and 3) or measured (Study 2), and attribute ratings were collected as indicators of information distortion. Results from all three experiments indicate that attribute evaluations were biased to favor initial dispositions. These findings provide evidence that information distortion is one cause of primacy effects in judgment and decision making settings involving a single option.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

. . . .. . ..... . .. . 1. General Strategies for Cancer Therapy with Monoclonal Antibodies . 2. Potential Problems Associated With the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies 2.1 Tumour Factors . 2.2 Host Factors ... 2.3 Antibody Factors 3. Clinical Trials. 3.1 Native Unconjugated Monoclonal Antibodies 3.2 Active Immunisation with Idiotypic Protein 3.3 Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies . 3.4 Bone Marrow Purging Ex Vivo . 3.5 Adjuvant Therapy ......... .. . 4. Future Directions . . . . .. . . ... .. . 4.1 Modification of Monoclonal Antibodies . 4.2 Improvement of Effector Functions .... 4.3 Combination with Cytotoxic Chemotherapy . 4.4 Genetic Immunisation 5. Conclusions 109 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 115 115 116 117 117 117 118 118 118 118
Efficacy of novel Summation-based Synergetic Artificial Neural Network in ADHD diagnosis

Abstract Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a critical condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. In this paper, we propose a dual 3D CNN data integration platform, that we call SSANN, a Summation-based Synergetic Artificial Neural Network, for ADHD diagnosis. The diagnosis problem in our research is simplified into a binary classification problem to detect an ADHD affected or a typical developing child given magnetic resonance imaging scans. Our proposed model has two 3D CNN branches with varying structures: (1) The first branch extracts features from the functional MRI (fMRI) data from the subjects, (2) the second branch extracts features from the structural MRI (sMRI) data of the corresponding subjects. Later, output matrices of both branches are combined with a proposed summation induced process which then is fed into a fully connected neural network and finally produce the binary classification prediction. Our proposed model achieved accuracy of 72.89% on the ADHD-200 dataset, which performs superior than the state-of-the-art approaches on the same evaluation dataset. Our proposed SSANN model can extract useful features from the fMRI and sMRI data, which can also be employed to understand the brain anatomy and its functions in the subjects better, as well as can be used in other machine learning algorithms to design and develop diagnostic tools that certainly has potential to escort ADHD research move forward. Our proposed model offers a robust multi-modal data integration platform that can also be adapted in other medical imaging domains.
Kakiri Uganda: Health Proposal to Combat HIV/AIDS

This is a health proposal to combat the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Kakiri Uganda by using a vertical and horizontal approach to strategically better and benefit mothers and children from the village of Kakiri who seek medical attention at a proposed clinic. The clinic will receive financial support from major international donors and will allocate funds to resources to detect and treat HIV/AIDS and other secondary diseases such as Tuberculosis, Malaria and non-communicable diseases. Screening and testing processes will help develop policies and intervention plans that will be used to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS to those not infected, especially children.
Incidence of chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis in hospitalized patients with fungemia.

Aim/purpose Bloodstream candida infections can seed the eye via hematogenous spread and result in chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis. If undetected and untreated, this can result in permanent vision loss. Past studies evaluating incidence of ocular candidiasis among hospitalized patients with positive fungal blood cultures have demonstrated variable rates of occurrence, but recent studies have generally shown a lower incidence than was reported several decades ago. Given low rates of occurrence, the utility of screening patients with dilated fundus exams has been called into question. The primary aim of this investigation is to identify the rate of chorioretinitis and endophthalmitis based on dilated fundoscopy for patients with fungemia at a tertiary care hospital. Methods This study was a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to the medical centre of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) between May 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017, who had positive fungal blood cultures during their hospitalization. Results There were 324 positive fungal cultures in 290 patients. Of this initial group, there were 161 eye exams. Ocular examination identified 7 of 161 patients (4.3%) with chorioretinitis or endophthalmitis. Discussion These outcomes along with previous studies support the current guidelines that screening with dilated fundus examination for these patients is appropriate and necessary.
Refinement of a trapping method increases its utility for pocket gopher management

Abstract Trapping is a useful and effective tool for managing detrimental pocket gopher populations, and methods to increase its effectiveness are in high demand. The Gophinator trap previously proved more efficient than the Macabee trap, primarily because of its ability to capture larger pocket gophers. However, the Macabee is still widely used given large stockpiles of these traps by land managers and pest control operators. The addition of a cable restraint to the front of the Macabee may be sufficient to keep larger individuals from escaping capture, thereby allowing trappers to more effectively use this common trap. Human scent may also impact trap success by deterring pocket gophers from entering trap sets. Therefore, we tested the capture efficiency and visitation rate of trap sets when using both Gophinator and modified Macabee traps to determine the potential utility of these trap designs. We compared these results to a previous investigation to better define the potential usefulness of the cable restraint on the Macabee. We also tested the impact of human scent on capture efficiency and visitation rate to determine the potential relevance of eliminating human scent from trap sets. Gender and weight of captured individuals were used to determine their potential impacts on capture efficiency and visitation rate. We found that the Gophinator was a more effective trap than the modified Macabee because of its ability to capture larger pocket gophers more efficiently. However, the modification did appear to increase capture efficiency of larger individuals when compared to the standard Macabee, suggesting that this modification could be used to increase the effectiveness of trapping programs when Gophinator traps are unavailable. Glove use had no impact on capture efficiency or visitation rate.
Sex determination : lessons from families and embryos

Genetic studies in familial cases of sex reversal and in human embryos have contributed to the understanding of human sex determination and its disorders. For some heritable disorders of sex reversal, the gonadal phenotype was frequently overlooked until sex reversal was discovered fortuitously by chromosome analysis, often resulting in preventable complications. Within families, the phenotypes are variable and, in some instances, these can be explained by known genetic mechanisms. When a novel molecular marker is shared by family members affected with sex reversal, the level of confidence is higher that this marker may play a role in the development of the phenotype. The identification of pedigrees with sufficient power to generate significant linkage of disorder (lod) scores from genomewide screens can now lead to the identification of novel sex-determining genes. Studies of the gonads of 46,XY human embryos have shown that SOX9 expression follows a pattern similar to that of SRY and, in both instances, stands in contrast to the expression observed in the mouse. Differences between human and mouse embryonic gonads have also been observed for the temporal expression of DAX1, suggesting that the mechanisms of action of SRY, SOX9, and DAX1 may vary between these and other species.
Missense substitutions reflecting regulatory control of transmitter phosphatase activity in two-component signalling.

Negative control in two-component signal transduction results from sensor transmitter phosphatase activity for phospho-receiver dephosphorylation. A hypothetical mechanism for this reaction involves a catalytic residue in the H-box active-site region. However, a complete understanding of transmitter phosphatase regulation is hampered by the abundance of kinase-competent, phosphatase-defective missense substitutions (K(+) P(-) phenotype) outside of the active-site region. For the Escherichia coli NarX sensor, a model for the HisKA_3 sequence family, DHp domain K(+) P(-) mutants defined two classes. Interaction mutants mapped to the active site-distal base of the DHp helix 1, whereas conformation mutants were affected in the X-box region of helix 2. Thus, different types of perturbations can influence transmitter phosphatase activity indirectly. By comparison, K(+) P(-) substitutions in the HisKA sensors EnvZ and NtrB additionally map to a third region, at the active site-proximal top of the DHp helix 1, independently identified as important for DHp-CA domain interaction in this sensor class. Moreover, the NarX transmitter phosphatase activity was independent of nucleotides, in contrast to the activity for many HisKA family sensors. Therefore, distinctions involving both the DHp and the CA domains suggest functional diversity in the regulation of HisKA and HisKA_3 transmitter phosphatase activities.