cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-K, Pb-free dielectric compatible with Ag or Cu electrodes

There is a real need for dielectrics with high dielectric constant (K) that can be used for the integration of bypass capacitors within circuit boards. The present paper describes a Pb-free dielectric based on barium titanate that provides K > 5000 when co-fired with either Ag or Cu conductors. The dielectric powder is made by chemical precipitation, has sub-micron particle size, a narrow size distribution, and consists Of clusters of nanosize crystallites. Dependence of K on firing conditions is discussed as well as the steps taken to ensure high reliability (HALT).
In vitro capacitation of golden hamster spermatozoa by homologous and heterologous blood sera.

Freshly collected blood sera of the hamster and other species (rat, guinea pig, rabbit, bull, and human) were very toxic to hamster spermatozoa. When these sera were pretreated with heat (56#{176}, 30-35 mm), they became nontoxic and capable of inducing capacitation of hamster spermatozoa. Heat-treated (detoxified) hamster serum was most effective in capacitating the spermatozoa, and bovine serum was least effective. Among various commercially produced sera tested, gamma globulin-free human serum was the most potent in capacitating the spermatozoa. Efficient sperm capacitation was induced in media containing both dialyzable and albumin fractions of the sera. When one of these two fractions was absent from the medium, no capacitation or only very inefficient capacitation was induced.
A bounded real lemma for jump systems

This note presents a bounded real lemma for discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems (MJLSs). We show that the linear matrix inequality in the bounded real lemma is both necessary and sufficient for this class of systems. For the case of one plant mode, this condition reduces to the standard necessary and sufficient condition for discrete-time systems. We envision this lemma being used to construct necessary and sufficient analysis and synthesis conditions for MJLSs.
Prevalence of the bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola in the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, in four tidal creeks on the South Carolina-Georgia coast.

The grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, is an important food source for many invertebrate and fish species, including several of commercial importance. The bopyrid Probopyrus pandalicola prevents reproduction in P. pugio by sexual sterilization. The purpose of our research was to determine bopyrid prevalence in grass shrimp over the course of a year. Shrimp were collected from 2 estuarine systems in South Carolina and 2 estuarine systems in Georgia and examined for parasite presence, sex, and gravidity. Site-specific monthly prevalence ranged from 0 to 6.3%. Country Club Creek had the maximum mean ± SE prevalence of 3.1 ± 0.3%, and Harbour Town had the minimum of 1.3 ± 0.3%. Maximum prevalence was concurrent with peak gravidity for Moon River; thus, at this site the negative effect of this parasite on reproductive output may be greater. Reduced egg production may affect grass shrimp abundance and ultimately the recruitment success of its predators.
Phospholamban pentamer quaternary conformation determined by in-gel fluorescence anisotropy

We measured in-gel fluorescence anisotropy of phospholamban (PLB) labeled with the biarsenical fluorophore FlAsH at three different sites on the cytoplasmic domain. The 6 kDa monomer bands of FlAsH-tetracysPLB showed high anisotropy (r = 0.29), reflecting null homotransfer and low mobility (S = 0.85) on the nanosecond time scale of the FlAsH fluorescence lifetime. 30 kDa bands (pentameric PLB) within the same lanes exhibited low anisotropy, suggesting intrapentameric fluorescence energy homotransfer between PLB subunits. FlAsH labels positioned at residue -6, 5, or 23 showed a graduated pattern of fluorescence depolarization corresponding to resonance energy transfer radii of 46 +/-2, 38 +/- 4, and <25 A, respectively. Pentamer anisotropy increased with heating or fluorescence photobleaching toward a maximum value similar to that determined for monomeric PLB. Fluorescence resonance energy heterotransfer was also observed in vitro and in vivo within PLB pentamers colabeled with FlAsH and the biarsenical fluorophore ReAsH. In vitro heterotransfer efficiencies were graduated by labeling position, in harmony with homotransfer results. The calculated transfer radii compare favorably to distances predicted by a computer molecular model of the phospholamban pentamer constructed from NMR solution structures. The data support a helical pinwheel model for the PLB pentamer, in which the cytoplasmic domains bend sharply outward from the central bundle of helices.
A theoretical approach to feedback control of optical soliton propagation

Feedback control is applied to the problem of propagating ultra-short pulse width solitons in optical fibers. Assuming that fiber dispersion can be tuned quickly and continuously, a full-state feedback control law is derived, which achieves propagation of Gaussian solitons of any desired width and chirp. This is in contrast with traditional, open-loop, dispersion management. In this paper, a variational model is used for control design, and two cases - zero and non-zero chirp - are considered. In the first case, a stable fixed point is created in closed-loop; in the second, a controlled Hopf bifurcation creates a stable limit cycle. These control laws are simulated and compared to other existing methods.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Evaluation of Lung Abscesses

To define the results of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) in patients with lung abscess and to characterize those patients most likely to have an underlying carcinoma, we retrospectively studied the records of 52 consecutive patients undergoing FFB at our institution between 1975 and 1982. Nineteen patients (36.5 percent) had an associated bronchogenic carcinoma (group 1); 33 (63.5 percent) had no malignancy (group 2). The FFB aided in diagnosing 73.7 percent of group 1 patients, but added no information in group 2 patients. Group 1 and 2 patients differed significantly with respect to prevalence of systemic symptoms (15.8 percent vs 51.5 percent, p less than 0.01); predisposition to aspiration pneumonia (26.3 percent vs 60.6 percent, p less than 0.01); mean presenting white blood cell count (10.9 vs 14.2, p less than 0.05); mean oral temperature at presentation (37.5 vs 38.3 degrees C, p less than 0.05); and the prevalence of extensive infiltrates on the initial chest roentgenogram (17.0 percent vs 83.6 percent, p less than 0.05). Based on these data, we believe that by carefully considering the available clinical information, it is possible to identify those patients whose lung abscesses are likely to be related to bronchogenic carcinoma. Such individuals should be promptly evaluated. It is not necessary, however, to routinely order bronchoscopy for all patients with lung abscess.
Duodenal Absorption and Tissue Utilization of Dietary Heme and Nonheme Iron Differ in Rats

Background: Dietary heme contributes to iron intake, yet regulation of heme absorption and tissue utilization of absorbed heme remains undefined. Objectives: In a rat model of iron overload, we used stable iron isotopes to examine heme- and nonheme-iron absorption in relation to liver hepcidin and to compare relative utilization of absorbed heme and nonheme iron by erythroid (RBC) and iron storage tissues (liver and spleen). Methods: Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups for injections of either saline or iron dextran (16 or 48 mg Fe over 2 wk). After iron loading, rats were administered oral stable iron in the forms of 57Fe-ferrous sulfate and 58Fe-labeled hemoglobin. Expression of liver hepcidin and duodenal iron transporters and tissue stable iron enrichment was determined 10 d postdosing. Results: High iron loading increased hepatic hepcidin by 3-fold and reduced duodenal expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) by 76%. Nonheme-iron absorption was 2.5 times higher than heme-iron absorption (P = 0.0008). Absorption of both forms of iron was inversely correlated with hepatic hepcidin expression (heme-iron absorption: r = −0.77, P = 0.003; nonheme-iron absorption: r = −0.80, P = 0.002), but hepcidin had a stronger impact on nonheme-iron absorption (P = 0.04). Significantly more 57Fe was recovered in RBCs (P = 0.02), and more 58Fe was recovered in the spleen (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Elevated hepcidin significantly decreased heme- and nonheme-iron absorption but had a greater impact on nonheme-iron absorption. Differential tissue utilization of heme vs. nonheme iron was evident between erythroid and iron storage tissues, suggesting that some heme may be exported into the circulation in a form different from that of nonheme iron.
Structural Basis for Polyproline Recognition by the FE65 WW Domain.

The neuronal protein FE65 functions in brain development and amyloid precursor protein (APP) signaling through its interaction with the mammalian enabled (Mena) protein and APP, respectively. The recognition of short polyproline sequences in Mena by the FE65 WW domain has a central role in axon guidance and neuronal positioning in the developing brain. We have determined the crystal structures of the human FE65 WW domain (residues 253-289) in the apo form and bound to the peptides PPPPPPLPP and PPPPPPPPPL, which correspond to human Mena residues 313-321 and 347-356, respectively. The FE65 WW domain contains two parallel ligand-binding grooves, XP (formed by residues Y269 and W280) and XP2 (formed by Y269 and W271). Both Mena peptides adopt a polyproline helical II conformation and bind to the WW domain in a forward (N-C) orientation through selection of the PPPPP motif by the XP and XP2 grooves. This mode of ligand recognition is strikingly similar to polyproline interaction with SH3 domains. Importantly, comparison of the FE65 WW structures in the apo and liganded forms shows that the XP2 groove is formed by an induced-fit mechanism that involves movements of the W271 and Y269 side-chains upon ligand binding. These structures elucidate the molecular determinants underlying polyproline ligand selection by the FE65 WW domain and provide a framework for the design of small molecules that would interfere with FE65 WW-ligand interaction and modulate neuronal development and APP signaling.
Diode-pumped laser action and self-frequency doubling in Nd3+:YCOB

ABSTRACT Development of the oxyborate Nd3:YCOB has brought about the realization of single crystal elements under diode pumpedoperation for compact simple, solid state lasers producing visible laser emission. Efficient laser action and self-frequencydoubling (SFD) has been obtained for both Ti:Sapphire and diode pumped operations. Comparable results were obtained fora hemispherical linear cavity with a 2% output coupler for fundamental operation. The fundamental output power of theNd:YCOB under Ti:Sapphire pumping was in excess of 400 mW with a slope efficiency of 44% with  I W absorbed.Utilizing high brightness laser diodes, over 350 mW of fundamental output power has been obtained with a slope efficiencyof 51% for similar absorbed powers. Efficient SFD operation was demonstrated in both pumping modes with no outputcoupling at the fundamental wavelength and high transmission of the second harmonic using a 5% doped Nd:YCOB crystal.Output powers of 60 mW at 530 nm were obtained with both Ti:Sapphire and laser diode pumping.Keywords: Self-frequency doubling, Nd3:YCOB, diode-pumping
PT-symmetric scatterers (Presentation Recording)

Parity-time (PT) symmetric complex structures can exhibit peculiar properties which are otherwise unattainable in traditional Hermitian systems. This is achieved by judiciously involving balanced regions of gain and loss. Here we investigate the scattering properties of PT-symmetric diffraction gratings. The presence of the imaginary potential can modify the light transport properties in their far field. This is an outcome of a local power flow taking place between the gain and loss regions in the near field. We show that for a certain gain/loss contrast, all the negative diffraction orders can be eliminated while the positive diffraction orders can be amplified.
Vladimir Feiertag, ed. Dzhaz v Rossii: kratkii entsiklopedicheskii spravochnik [Jazz in Russia: a short encyclopedic guide]

Vladimir Feiertag, long-time Russian jazz scholar and personality, has produced a high-quality guide to Russian jazz, following up on his works Dzhaz ot Leningrada do Peterburga [Jazz from Leningra...
Oral therapy for diarrhoea.

The pathogenesis clinical effects public health importance and treatment of diarrhea by oral rehydration therapy (ORT) are discussed in this review. ORT (oral-glucose electrolyte solution) when used to treat mild to moderately dehydrated patients can eliminate the need for intravenous supplementation. It also has the advantage of wide availability simplicity of use safety and low cost. Since next to respiratory diseases diarrhea is a most common disease in tropical and semi-tropical countries ORT availability in developing areas is most desirable. The following formula for an ORT solution is given (in mmol/liter): sodium 90; potassium 20; chloride 80 bicarbonate 30; and glucose 110 or sucrose 220. Glucose is preferred. Children with oral therapy seem to gain weight at a greater rate than children treated in more traditional ways. Also essential is the proper feeding of children during diarrheal episodes. ORT has been used extensively since 1969 at the Cholera Research Laboratory in Bangladesh with as much as an 80% decrease in need to apply parenteral fluids.
Isolation and culture of cotton ovule epidermal protoplasts (prefiber cells) and analysis of the regenerated wall

Culture protocols were developed and characterization of the regenerated cell walls was performed for protoplasts of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., L., var. Acala SJ-2) ovule epidermal cells. This work was undertaken in order to extend studies concerning nutritional effects and regulation of nucleotide sugar incorporation into β-1,3- and β-1,4-glucan components of cotton fiber cell walls. Protein and carbohydrate polymers and recovered from the culture medium. Analysis of a cellular fraction indicated that the majority of 14C incorporated from [14C] glucose was present in the hot-water-soluble fraction of the cells. The majority of label incorporated into cell wall material could be solubilized with acetic-nitric reagent, indicative of noncellulosic material, and characterized as β-1,3-linked glucans. Only 5 to 15% of the regenerated cell wall could be characterized as β-1,4-linked glucose indicative of cellulose.
Folding simulations for proteins with diverse topologies are accessible in days with a physics-based force field and implicit solvent.

The millisecond time scale needed for molecular dynamics simulations to approach the quantitative study of protein folding is not yet routine. One approach to extend the simulation time scale is to perform long simulations on specialized and expensive supercomputers such as Anton. Ideally, however, folding simulations would be more economical while retaining reasonable accuracy, and provide feedback on structure, stability and function rapidly enough if partnered directly with experiment. Approaches to this problem typically involve varied compromises between accuracy, precision, and cost; the goal here is to address whether simple implicit solvent models have become sufficiently accurate for their weaknesses to be offset by their ability to rapidly provide much more precise conformational data as compared to explicit solvent. We demonstrate that our recently developed physics-based model performs well on this challenge, enabling accurate all-atom simulated folding for 16 of 17 proteins with a variety of ...
Dose–response of germinating Rudbeckia mollis (Asteraceae) seeds exposed to various thermal scenarios

Temperature is a key environmental signal regulating germination. A thorough understanding of how seed populations respond to various temperatures can inform end-users regarding effective establishment strategies and forms the basis for questions related to a taxon's thermo-biology. Although abundant information exists regarding germination responses of economically important crops to several temperature scenarios, much less is known concerning the seed biology of wild germplasm. To address this, we examined the germination response of non-dormant Rudbeckia mollis seeds to various doses of constant or simulated seasonal diel temperatures. Germination response was sigmoidal. Seeds of R. mollis were capable of germinating within a few days to high percentages (>95%) at relatively cool constant (15–25°C) or 12-hour alternating (22/11–33/24°C) temperatures, with optimum temperatures for germination occurring at 25°C or 29/19°C. Germination was inhibited as temperatures increased to 30°C or 33/24°C with early and late germinating phenotypes displaying differential responses at these temperatures. No germination occurred at 35°C. Results are discussed in terms of seedling establishment of R. mollis outside its natural range and implications of climate change on germination.
Case 87: Pediatric Dental Anesthesia

Today you are doing a list of children for dental extractions. All the children have behavioral problems. The first child is a 10-year-old autistic boy. He is otherwise healthy. You suggest placing an intravenous (IV) line, but he becomes very agitated. You decide against an oral midazolam as a premedication as you have had several children with postoperative cognitive impairment [1]. This also includes this child. This impairment, although transient, led to the parents of these children being unhappy with your anesthetic management. They were worried that his impairment this time may be permanent.
The Distribution and Detection of Brain Slow Potentials and their Relationship to Neuroglial Activities and Higher Mental Functions

Despite the essential truism that areas of the brain other than the cerebral cortex are critical to important mental functions, there is a tendency for some investigators of higher mental functions to ignore the roles of subcortical structures in such activities. This is especially evident in the general orientation and theoretical emphases of cognitive psychophysiologists who, with recent exceptions (Galambos and Hillyard, 1981; Rockstroh et al., 1989) directed little empirical or theoretical effort to the study of subcortical generators of event-related potentials. That orientation had been referred to as “electrophrenology” (Allison, 1984) and “electrophrennerianology” (Rebert, 1978), the latter emphasising the Skinnerian (B.F.) aversion to opening up the “black box”. Recently, Kelso considered it important to remind a group of psychophysiologists that “... we should not expect to see any simple array of cortical correlates of preparation; rather, preparation is manifested in subcortical, reticular, and spinal systems as well.” (Kelso, 1984). The bias in favour of the cortical may derive, in part, from concern about apparent difficulties in interpreting subcortically-recorded event-related slow potentials. It is generally held that one cannot assume the presence of active neurons at a deep electrode tip, and that local depolarisations will be reflected everywhere in the brain. As expressed by Rockstroh et al. (1989) in their excellent book: “... detection of a potential change at any midbrain electrode does not necessarily mean that the region surrounding the electrode has become active.”. However, this apparent problem may not be as severe as generally construed.
Automate Cybersecurity Data Triage by Leveraging Human Analysts' Cognitive Process

Security Operation Centers rely on data triage to identify the true "signals" from a large volume of noisy alerts and "connect the dots" to answer certain higher-level questions about the attack activities. This work aims to automatically generate data triage automatons directly from cybersecurity analysts' operation traces. Existing methods for generating data triage automatons, including Security Information and Event Management systems (SIEMs), require event correlation rules to be generated by dedicated manual effort from expert analysts. To save analysts' workloads, we propose to "mine" data triage rules out of cybersecurity analysts' operation traces and to use these rules to construct data triage automatons. Our approach may make the cost (of data triage automaton generation) orders of magnitudes smaller. We have designed and implemented the new system and evaluated it through a human-in-the-loop case study. The case study shows that our system can use the analysts' operation traces as input and automatically generate a corresponding state machine for data triage. The operation traces were collected in our previous lab experiment. 29 professional cybersecurity analysts were recruited to analyze a set of IDS alerts and firewall logs. False positive and false negative rates were calculated to evaluate the performance of the data triage state machine by comparing with the ground truth.
An Annotated Bibliography of Journalism Subjects in American Magazines: February, March and April, 1940:

Several developments during the period produced articles of interest. Various correspondents covering the fighting in Finland, Norway and on the Western Front continued to describe their experience...
Research on Inverter-Based Distribution Generation and its effect on Distribution Network based on PSCAD/EMTDC

This paper has researched the Inverter-Based Distribution Generation and its effects on Distribution Network based on PSCAD/EMTDC Simulink software. The access of the Distribution Generation will change the structure of the Distribution Network, and then the fault characteristic of the Distribution Network will be different. Aiming at these problems, the mathematical model and control strategies of the Inverter-Based Distribution Generation represented by photovoltaic power and Direct-drive Permanent Magnet type Wind Turbine has been analyzed. According to the parameters and control strategies of the gird-connected inverter system, the Inverter-Based Distribution Generation simulation models with Outer inner voltage-current dual closed loop control system has been constructed under the PSCAD/EMTEDC environment, then the influence of IBDG on the fault characteristic of Distribution Network has been calculated. Based on the analysis result, this paper proposed the protection configure strategies of the distribution network adapting to Inverter-Based Distribution Generation.
Wanting to Be Seen: Young People’s Experiences of Performative Making Out

People engage in sexual behavior for many reasons, some of which require an audience (e.g., arousing onlookers, making someone jealous). In this study, we investigated the prevalence, motivations, and outcomes of young people's experiences with performative making out-making out with someone and wanting others to see. Of the 155 female and 194 male college students who completed the online questionnaire, 32% of the women and 37% of the men reported having done this, often before entering college. Significantly more women than men reported same-sex performative experiences. We used thematic analysis to identify themes in the qualitative data. Participants' motivations included enhancing their image, causing jealousy or envy, demonstrating a relationship, sexually arousing men, and participating in fun and games. Men reported that their reputations were enhanced more often than damaged; women reported the opposite pattern. These results provide insights into the functions of sexual behavior as a means of communication and highlight gender differences consistent with problematic cultural belief systems such as "slut shaming," victim blaming, and sexual double standards.
Metric invariance entropy and relatively invariant control sets

For control systems in discrete time, this paper considers metric (i.e., measure-theoretic) invariance entropy for a subset Q of the state space with respect to a conditionally invariant measure. The main result shows that this entropy is already determined by certain subsets of Q which are characterized by controllability properties.
Astrophysics: The true nature of transients

Early observations of the flaring object ASASSN-15lh led astronomers to cast it as the most luminous supernova ever. Now, convincing evidence indicates that this object is not as it seemed. In fact, fitting it into any known box is a challenge.
Improving Access to Image-guided Procedures at an Integrated Rural Critical Access Hospital: Ultrasound-guided Thyroid Biopsy Program

Absract Purpose Critical access hospitals face difficulty providing all services locally and may need to refer patients off-site for additional care. Providing on-site minimally invasive biopsies, may obviate visits to tertiary or quaternary care centers. This study aims to assess feasibility and outcomes of an ultrasound-guided thyroid biopsy program in a critical access hospital. Methods In this HIPAA compliant, IRB approved study, the Interventional Radiology (IR) database of a 19-bed, island, rural, critical access hospital without onsite pathology services affiliated with our quaternary care institution was retrospectively reviewed to identify all thyroid biopsies that were performed on site since inception of the service in April 2014 through August 2016. A specialized biopsy and specimen collection protocol was created as each specimen was transferred to and analyzed by the pathology department at our affiliated quaternary care institution. Results Two IR physicians carried out thyroid biopsies on 34 nodules in 29 patients during the study period. The mean age of patients was 56.5 ± 14.0, with a range of 35-85 and 86% female, 14% male. 94.1% of nodules had adequate material for interpretation on the first biopsy and 97.1% upon repeat biopsy. Ultimately, 5 patients (with 6 nodules) underwent surgical resection at the integrated quaternary care center. Surgical resection identified one atypical follicular adenoma, one follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, two papillary carcinomas, and two Hurthle cell tumors. Conclusion IR thyroid biopsy services may be successfully provided in the rural setting without onsite pathology analysis and adequacy checks, enhancing patient access and streamlining care while also expanding the reach of tertiary care centers.
Stream-aquifer and in-stream processes affecting nitrogen along a major river and contributing tributary.

Abstract This study assesses the spatio-temporal patterns of water and nutrient mass exchange in a stream-riparian system of a major river and a contributing tributary in an irrigated semi-arid region. Field monitoring is performed along reaches of the Arkansas River (4.7 km) and Timpas Creek (2.0 km) in southeastern Colorado during the 2014 growing season, with water quantity and water quality data collected using a network of in-stream sampling sites and groundwater monitoring wells. Mass balance approaches were used to identify temporal and spatial trends in flow, nitrogen (N), and salinity in stream-aquifer exchange. In the Arkansas River, percent decrease of N concentration along the study reach averaged 36% over the period, with results from a stochastic mass balance simulation indicating a 90% probability that 44% to 50% of NO3-N mass in the study reach (109–124 kg/day/km) was removed by in-stream processes between 1 September and 8 November. Results suggest that contact with organic-rich river bed sediments has a strong impact on N removal. A greater decrease in concentrations of NO3-N along the reach during the low flow period suggests the effect of both in-stream processes and dilution by inflowing groundwater that undergoes denitrification as it flows through the riparian and hyporheic zones into the river. In contrast, N concentration decreases in the smaller Timpas Creek were negligible. Results for the Arkansas River also are in contrast with other large agriculturally-influenced rivers, which have not exhibited capacity to remove N at significant rates. Results provide important insights across spatial and temporal scales and point to the need for investigating nutrient dynamics in large streams draining agriculturally-dominated watersheds.
Dreams and creative problem-solving

Dreams have produced art, music, novels, films, mathematical proofs, designs for architecture, telescopes, and computers. Dreaming is essentially our brain thinking in another neurophysiologic state-and therefore it is likely to solve some problems on which our waking minds have become stuck. This neurophysiologic state is characterized by high activity in brain areas associated with imagery, so problems requiring vivid visualization are also more likely to get help from dreaming. This article reviews great historical dreams and modern laboratory research to suggest how dreams can aid creativity and problem-solving.
The Resonant Drag Instability (RDI): Acoustic Modes

Recently, Squire & Hopkins showed any coupled dust–gas mixture is subject to a class of linear ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDI). These can drive large dust-to-gas ratio fluctuations even at arbitrarily small dust-to-gas mass ratios μ. Here, we identify and study both resonant and new non-resonant instabilities, in the simple case where the gas satisfies neutral hydrodynamics and supports acoustic waves (ω^2=c^2_sk^2). The gas and dust are coupled via an arbitrary drag law and subject to external accelerations (e.g. gravity, radiation pressure). If there is any dust drift velocity, the system is unstable. The instabilities exist for all dust-to-gas ratios μ and their growth rates depend only weakly on μ around resonance, as ∼μ^(1/3) or ∼μ^(1/2) (depending on wavenumber). The behaviour changes depending on whether the drift velocity is larger or smaller than the sound speed cs. In the supersonic regime, a ‘resonant’ instability appears with growth rate increasing without limit with wavenumber, even for vanishingly small μ and values of the coupling strength (stopping time). In the subsonic regime, non-resonant instabilities always exist, but their growth rates no longer increase indefinitely towards small wavelengths. The dimensional scalings and qualitative behaviour of the instability do not depend sensitively on the drag law or equation of state of the gas. The instabilities directly drive exponentially growing dust-to-gas-ratio fluctuations, which can be large even when the modes are otherwise weak. We discuss physical implications for cool-star winds, AGN-driven winds and torii, and starburst winds: the instabilities alter the character of these outflows and could drive clumping and/or turbulence in the dust and gas.
“It Just Kind of Happens”: College Students’ Rationalizations for Blackout Drinking

Nearly half of college students engage in binge drinking, and blackouts (i.e., episodes of periodic memory loss) represent one common consequence of this behavior. Although researchers have begun t...
A New Species of Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Madre de Dios, Peru

Dodecacius Schwarz is reviewed, it includes two species known only from the eastern lower slopes of the Andes and adjacent Amazonia in southeastern Peru. Dodecacius paititi new species is described. Dodecacius testaceus Schwarz is treated as a new synonym of D. nigricollis Schwarz.
A Library for Combinational Circuit Verification Using the HOL Theorem Prover

Interactive theorem provers can overcome the scalability limitations of model checking and automated theorem provers by verifying generic circuits and universally quantified properties but they require explicit user guidance, which makes them quite uninteresting for industry usage. As a first step to overcome these issues, this paper presents a formally verified library of commonly used combinational circuits using the higher-order logic theorem prover HOL4. This library can in turn be used to verify the structural view of any arbitrary combinational circuit against its behavior with very minimal user-guidance. For illustration, we verified several combinational circuits, including a 24-bit adder/subtractor, the 8-bit shifter module of the c3540 benchmark, the 17-bit EqualZ_W module of the c2670 benchmark, a 16:1 Multiplexer, and a 512-bit Multiplier.
Hydraulic analogy and visualisation of two-dimensional compressible fluid flows: part 2: water table experiments

In part 1, the theoretical aspects of hydraulic analogy are given in detail. In this part, the water table experiments are reported. Pictures of the flow patterns over different models show the formations of analogous shock waves and expansion fans. Pointed airfoils are tested first. Both biconvex and diamond airfoils are used. Busemann biplane model is included. The formation of a shock over a sharp pointed concave body is also tested. For blunt bodies, flow over a cylinder with a detached bow shock is studied. A sharp and not-so-sharp-spike added to the cylinder and the flow patterns are compared. Shocks inside and outside convergent-divergent nozzles are shown. Also, some results are reported for an experiment with a very simple arrangement of a plate in a plastic container, where the model is fixed, and the water is poured on the plate. Such an arrangement can be used for classroom demonstrations. Issues of manufacturing the models, nozzles and airfoils, are studied as well. Measurement techniques for obtaining quantitative results are briefly mentioned. Finally, concluding remarks about the educational use of this experiment are discussed.
Swine enteric coronavirus disease: A review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the United States and Canada.

Swine enteric coronaviruses, including porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), have emerged and spread throughout the North American swine industry over the last four years. These diseases cause significant losses within the pork industry and within the first year after PEDV introduction, approximately 10% of the US herd died due to the disease. Similar to other enteric coronaviruses, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), these emerging swine enteric coronavirus diseases (SECD) are age-dependent, with high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs. Since the introduction of SECD, research has focused on investigating viral pathogenesis through experimental inoculation, increasing maternal antibody for neonatal protection, understanding transmission risks through feed and transportation, and outlining the importance of biosecurity in preventing SECD introduction and spread. A survey of swine professionals conducted for this review revealed that the majority of respondents (75%) believe SECD can be eradicated and that most herds have been successful at long-term elimination of SECD after exposure (80%). However, unique properties of SECD, such as ineffective immunity through parenteral vaccination and a low oral infectious dose, play a major role in management of SECD. This review serves to describe the current knowledge of SECD and the characteristics of these viruses which provide both opportunities and challenges for long-term disease control and potential eradication from the US swine population.
Making consistency more consistent: a unified model for coherence, consistency and isolation

Ordering guarantees are often defined using abstract execution models [2, 8-11, 19, 22]. Unfortunately, these models are complex and make different assumptions about system semantics. As a result, researchers find it impossible to compare the ordering guarantees of coherence, consistency and isolation. This paper presents a simple, unified model for defining ordering guarantees that is sufficiently general to model a wide range of systems, including processor memory, distributed storage, and databases. We define a new single constraint relationship, result visibility, which formalizes the "appears to execute before" relationship between operations. Using only result visibility, we define more than 20 ordering guarantees from different research areas, including PRAM [17], snapshot isolation [6] and eventual consistency session guarantees [21]. To our knowledge, these definitions form the broadest survey of ordering guarantees using a single constraint in the current literature.
Modeling of Linus-Type Stabilized Liner Implosions

In this paper, the results of a number of theoretical studies associated with LINUS liner dynamics are presented. These studies include the effects of slight liner compressibility upon the basic state motion, the modeling of “open ended” liner systems required for plasma injection and compression and our latest approaches on one-dimensionally model the complicated liner flow fields including the effects of axial piston drive and the transition ducting connecting the annular piston with the cylindrical region of the liner.
Muscle as fashion: messages from the bodybuilding subculture.

The bodybuilding culture's veneration of musculature as indicative of masculinity is in step with our culture at large.
Temporal Analogues: Separatrix Splitting & the Slow Manifold

Exponential smallness is not a property of solitary waves alone. Rather, exponential dependence on the reciprocal of a small parameter is common in physics, chemistry and engineering (Chapter 17). In this chapter, we shall briefly describe two phenomena which, although not solitons themselves, have very similar mathematics; the analogies to nonlocal solitons are much deeper than mere exponential dependence on 1/∈. An interesting twist is that both are nonlocal in time rather than in a spatial coordinate.
Biochemistry, Immunology, and Tissue Response to Prosthetic Material

The implantation of relatively biocompatible prosthetic materials has gained wide acceptance in the past few decades. Additionally, there has been an increasing number of indications for using prosthetic material in the practice of surgery. The differential healing response of the surrounding tissue adjacent to the prostheses has been recognized but incompletely understood. Typically, there are three stereotypical responses to foreign material, characterized as (1) destruction or lysis; (2) incorporation and tolerance; and (3) rejection or extrusion.1 A truly biocompatible prosthetic material, unlike all known implants to date, would not elicit a foreign body reaction.
B cell responses to apoptotic cells in MFG-E8-/- mice

Defective clearance of apoptotic cells in MFG-E8 deficient mice results in lupus-like disease in the mixed B6x129, but not pure B6 background. The lack of overt autoimmunity in MFG-E8-/- B6 mice suggests that accumulation of apoptotic cells is not sufficient to break central tolerance. However, the delayed clearance of apoptotic cells in the follicles of MFG-E8-/- B6 mice provides an excellent opportunity to investigate how B cells respond to excessive apoptotic cells in the periphery under relatively non-inflammatory conditions. In MFG-E8-/- B6 mice, we found increased IgG2c production against apoptotic cells and oxidized LDL. Apoptotic cell induced antibody responses depended on MyD88 signal and T cell help. In addition, MFG-E8-/- B6 mice had enlarged MZ B cell compartments as well as an enhanced antibody response to NP-Ficoll. Moreover, a significant percentage of MZ B cells in aged MFG-E8-/- B6 mice migrated into follicles. Injecting apoptotic cells or oxidized LDL into wild type mice as well as physiological accumulation of LDL in ApoE-/- mice recapitulated the translocation of MZ B cells. To determine how MFG-E8 deficiency affects the functions of autoreactive B cells specific for nucleic acids in the periphery under non-inflammatory conditions, we utilized BCR transgenic mice to bypass central selection and compared the differentiation of TLR9 dependent anti-dsDNA 56R B cells and TLR7 dependent anti-ssRNA H564 B cells in MFG-E8-/- mice. In MFG-E8-/- 56R mice, anti-dsDNA specific 56R/Vκ38c B cells differentiated into MZ B cells but not AFCs. On the contrary, in MFG-E8-/-H564 mice, anti-ssRNA specific H564 B cells further differentiated into GC B cells and AFCs. Adoptive transfer of activated autoreactive B cells confirmed that H564 B cells were more sensitive to apoptotic cell antigens than 56R B cells. Our observations provide new insights about the MZ B cell translocation in lupus patients as well as the dichotomy of TLR9 and TLR7 signals in the pathogenesis of lupus.
NFAT1 and NFAT2 Differentially Regulate CTL Differentiation Upon Acute Viral Infection

CD8+ T cell differentiation orchestrated by transcription regulators is critical for balancing pathogen eradication and long-term immunity by effector and memory CTLs, respectively. The transcription factor Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) family members are known for their roles in T cell development and activation but still largely undetermined in CD8+ T cell differentiation in vivo. Here, we interrogated the role of two NFAT family members, NFAT1 and NFAT2, in the effector and memory phase of CD8+ T cell differentiation using LCMVArm acute infection model. We found that NFAT1 is critical for effector population generation whereas NFAT2 is required for promoting memory CTLs in a cell intrinsic manner. Moreover, we found that mice lacking both NFAT1 and NFAT2 in T cells display a significant increase in KLRG1hi CD127hi population and are unable to clear an acute viral infection. NFAT-deficient CTLs showed different degrees of impaired IFN-γ and TNF-α expression with NFAT1 being mainly responsible for IFN-γ production upon ex-vivo stimulation as well as for antigen-specific cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that NFAT1 and NFAT2 have distinct roles in mediating CD8+ T cell differentiation and function.
Self-Regulated Strategy Development to Teach Mathematics Problem Solving:

Many secondary students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) struggle with mathematics problem solving. When students with SLD are taught to use effective problem-solving strategies, their abi...
The Blues Scale: Historical and Epistemological Considerations

Today, the blues scale is familiar to most people who have studied music formally. Although there has been since 1967 a broad consensus as to what that scale is, for the first half of the twentieth...
The Cemeteries of Cades Cove

A total of twenty-seven known and suspected cemeteries are inventoried in Cades Cove, more than referred to by any other single document. That a few other burial places remain lost and unaccounted for is probable. Of the twenty-seven cemeteries, ten have engraved stones, nine have only unaltered native stones, and eight are “lost,” but some locations are suspected because of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) results. Cemeteries can become lost or displaced when stones are (re)moved to use the ground for other purposes. The twenty-seven cemeteries yielded 1023 burials—385 were marked with engraved stones, 424 were marked with unaltered native stones, and 214 were suspected graves, as suggested by GPR surveys and patterns of depressions in the ground. Cemeteries were not randomly located, but spatially placed because of selective geographical characteristics.
A broad-spectrum antiviral molecule, QL47, selectively inhibits eukaryotic translation

Small-molecule inhibitors of translation are critical tools to study the molecular mechanisms of protein synthesis. In this study, we sought to characterize how QL47, a host-targeted, small-molecule antiviral agent, inhibits steady-state viral protein expression. We demonstrate that this small molecule broadly inhibits both viral and host protein synthesis and targets a translation step specific to eukaryotic cells. We show that QL47 inhibits protein neosynthesis initiated by both canonical cap-driven and noncanonical initiation strategies, most likely by targeting an early step in translation elongation. Our findings thus establish QL47 as a new small-molecule inhibitor that can be utilized to probe the eukaryotic translation machinery and that can be further developed as a new therapeutic agent.
Revisiting cultural diversity in social work education through Latino critical race theory testimonio

This article explores diversity models pertaining to race and cultural identity content in US-based social work education. To date, cultural competence remains the dominant framework and is often l...
Emotional speech prosody perception in the first year of life

Prosodic aspects of speech are considered more salient than linguistic features in prenatal listening environment. The literature on early prosodic speech perception has been largely focused on the role of infant-directed speech in language development. While emotional prosody is also ubiquitous and contains diverse social cues, its perceptual development trajectory remains unclear. The current study adopted the central fixation paradigm to investigate 3- to 12-month-old infants' preferential listening attention to English monosyllabic words spoken in neutral, happy, angry, and sad tones. Forty-six infants completed the experiment and were assigned to younger and older groups with the median cut-off age of 8 months. Linear mixed-effect model results revealed a prevailing trend of shorter listening time for the sad tone. Furthermore, this reduced level of attention was only statistically significant in the younger infants but not the older group, suggesting that the lower-pitched and longer sad prosody was least attractive to the younger infants. With more exposure to emotional speech and the ongoing neural commitment towards language-specific speech perception in the older infants, the early differential interests in voice emotions showed signs of mitigation in the context of spoken words, leading to a relative increase in their listening time to the sad tone.
Shear-driven rolling of DNA-adhesive microspheres.

Abstract Many biologically important cell binding processes, such as the rolling of leukocytes in the vasculature, are multivalent, being mediated by large numbers of weak binding ligands. Quantitative agreement between experiments and models of rolling has been elusive and often limited by the poor understanding of the binding and unbinding kinetics of the ligands involved. Here, we present a cell-free experimental model for such rolling, consisting of polymer microspheres whose adhesion to a glass surface is mediated by ligands with well-understood force-dependent binding free energy—short complementary DNA strands. We observe robust rolling activity for certain values of the shear rate and the grafted DNA strands’ binding free energy and force sensitivity. The simulation framework developed to model leukocyte rolling, adhesive dynamics, quantitatively captures the mean rolling velocity and lateral diffusivity of the experimental particles using known values of the experimental parameters. Moreover, our model captures the velocity variations seen within the trajectories of single particles. Particle-to-particle variations can be attributed to small, plausible differences in particle characteristics. Overall, our findings confirm that state-of-the-art adhesive dynamics simulations are able to capture the complex physics of particle rolling, boding well for their extension to modeling more complex systems of rolling cells.