cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Interactive View of the Five-Factor Model of Personality:Implications for Career Success

The present study takes a new approach to the five-factor model of personality by developing a theoretical model of three combinations of traits that are proposed to be important for understanding ...
Oswald de andrade’s os condenados and the decay of the amazonian aura

This article examines the implications of the Amazonian allusions in the trilogy of novels by Oswald de Andrade now known as Os condenados (originally called Trilogia do exilio ). Published between 1922 and 1934, the trilogy revolves around the life and legacy of a young prostitute in Sao Paulo and is notable for what critics often describe as its cinematic style. My argument picks up on earlier readings that see it as allegorizing the decline of the "aura" of art—a process I connect to a shift in the regional dynamics of capital accumulation in Brazil, showing how the aestheticist cult of beauty was associated with the export economy and a mode of uneven development most dramatically exemplified by the Amazonian rubber boom. Ultimately, I gesture toward a reappraisal of the Amazon’s role in the imaginary of Brazilian modernismo .
Adults with diabetes residing in "food swamps" have higher hospitalization rates.

Author(s): Phillips, Aryn Z; Rodriguez, Hector P | Abstract: ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between food swamps and hospitalization rates among adults with diabetes.Data sourcesBlue Cross Blue Shield Association Community Health Management Hub® 2014, AHRQ Health Care Cost and Utilization Project state inpatient databases 2014, and HHS Area Health Resources File 2010-2014.Study designCross-sectional analysis of 784 counties across 15 states. Food swamps were measured using a ratio of fast food outlets to grocers. Multivariate linear regression estimated the association of food swamp severity and hospitalization rates. Population-weighted models were controlled for comorbidities; Medicaid; emergency room utilization; percentage of population that is female, Black, Hispanic, and over age 65; and state fixed effects. Analyses were stratified by rural-urban category.Principal findingsAdults with diabetes residing in more severe food swamps had higher hospitalization rates. In adjusted analyses, a one unit higher food swamp score was significantly associated with 49.79 (95 percent confidence interval (CI)n=n19.28, 80.29) additional all-cause hospitalizations and 19.12 (95 percent CIn=n11.09, 27.15) additional ambulatory care-sensitive hospitalizations per 1000 adults with diabetes. The food swamp/all-cause hospitalization rate relationship was stronger in rural counties than urban counties.ConclusionsFood swamps are significantly associated with higher hospitalization rates among adults with diabetes. Improving the local food environment may help reduce this disparity.
Changes in Occupancy and Relative Abundance of a Southern Population of Spruce Grouse Based on a 25-year Resurvey

Marginal populations are often distributed throughout fragmented landscapes and experience less optimum conditions compared to central range populations. Falcipennis canadensis (Spruce Grouse) inhabit conifer-dominated forests distributed throughout the northern US and Canada, and reach their southeastern range extent in the northeastern US, including Maine. We resurveyed 18 forest stands on Mount Desert Island, ME, that were comprised of Picea mariana (Black Spruce) and Larix laricina (Tamarack) and which were originally surveyed during 1992–1993. Our goal was to observe changes in Spruce Grouse occupancy and abundance between the 1990s and the present (2017). We conducted repeated callback surveys to detect territorial male Spruce Grouse within each stand during spring 2017, using a systematic survey design that covered the entirety of each stand and replicated methods used during the 1990s. We documented 7 individual Spruce Grouse, including 6 males and a single female. Single-season occupancy models for 2017 predicted Spruce Grouse stand occupancy of 0.226 (±0.100 SE), with a survey-level detection probability for male Spruce Grouse of 0.857 (±0.141 SE). Stand occupancy decreased from 8 stands in 1992–1993 to 4 in 2017, a 50% decline in the proportion of stands occupied. Further, the total number of males observed decreased from 32 (average between 1992 and 1993) to only 6 during our study, a >80% decline in apparent abundance. Our results suggest Spruce Grouse populations on Mount Desert Island have decreased and may be at risk of local extinction.
Resource Letter TEP-1: Resources for Teaching Environmental Physics

The references in this Resource Letter provide an introduction to global environmental problems from a physics perspective. Books, journal articles, and websites are listed that examine the physics of fossil fuel consumption, renewable energy, nuclear power, biofuels, wind energy, photovoltaics, other solar energy, geothermal energy, energy storage, energy efficiency, energy returned on energy invested (ERORI), energy harvesting, embodied energy, and global warming. Additional references touch on scientific risk, environmental economics, political issues, food supply, water supply, social (gender and race) aspects of pollution, and fairness and equity in global environmental problems.The references in this Resource Letter provide an introduction to global environmental problems from a physics perspective. Books, journal articles, and websites are listed that examine the physics of fossil fuel consumption, renewable energy, nuclear power, biofuels, wind energy, photovoltaics, other solar energy, geothermal energy, energy storage, energy efficiency, energy returned on energy invested (ERORI), energy harvesting, embodied energy, and global warming. Additional references touch on scientific risk, environmental economics, political issues, food supply, water supply, social (gender and race) aspects of pollution, and fairness and equity in global environmental problems.
A Practical Method for Quantitation of Antibody Responses to Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids in Normal Young Children

Antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were assayed in 46 children from 16 to 33 months of age following vaccination. A reversed rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique was used for antibody determination. This method is simple and consistent, and although the limit of detection for antibodies of both types (about 1 U/ml) is above the normal range for primary immune responses, antibody levels in immunized children five weeks after a second injection of vaccine were within measureable range in all but two of the children studied. Levels more than one standard deviation above the mean were found in one child for both antitetanus and anti-diphtheria and in four children for anti-tetanus toxoid antibody only. All four of the high responders to tetanus toxoid were Black, carrying both Black and Caucasian Gm haplotypes. The two apparent nonresponders were Caucasian. All children had normal immunoglobulin levels, except for one with low IgA, who showed normal antibody responses to both toxoids. The results suggest that measurements of precipitating antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids provide a practical index of humoral immune function in small children.
An introduction to quantum optics and quantum fluctuations

The quantum theory of light is central to an understanding of the world around us on the most fundamental level. Quantum optics treats everything from the relatively mundane phenomenon of spontaneo...
Model Predictive Dispatch of Energy Storage for Voltage Regulation in Active Distribution Systems

In this work, a model predictive dispatch framework is proposed to utilize Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) for voltage regulation in distribution systems. The objective is to utilize ESS resources to assist with voltage regulation while reducing the utilization of legacy devices such as on-load tap changers (OLTCs), capacitor banks, etc. The proposed framework is part of a two-stage solution where a secondary layer computes the ESS dispatch every 5-min based on 1-hr generation and load forecasts while a primary layer would handle the real-time uncertainties. In this paper, the secondary layer to dispatch the ESS is formulated. Simulation results show that dispatching ESSs by providing active and reactive support can minimize the OLTC movement in distribution networks thus increasing the lifetime of legacy mechanical devices.
Molecular Approaches to Human Neurological Diseases and Their Animal Models

In situ hybridization with labeled probes will have widespread applicability for investigations of neuropathological processes occurring in humans and animals. At this stage in the development of this approach, it is important to determine the kinds of questions that can be usefully examined with this technique, recognizing that in situ hybridization needs to be complemented by other methods, e.g., RNA blots, radioimmunoassays, and immunocytochemistry.
Cardiopulmonary vagal affarents in the monkey: A survey of receptor activity

A survey was made of vagal afferents whose endings originated in cardiopulmonary areas of the Rhesus monkey. Recordings of action potentials from single fiber preparations of the left cervical vagus were made in both open and closed chest monkeys. A total of 425 receptors were identified in sixteen animals. These consisted of 347 pulmonary stretch receptors (one of which increased its discharge during expiration), 42 aortic baroreceptors, 4 ventricular pressure receptors, 1 epicardial ventricular receptor, 7 type A atrial receptors and 24 type B atrial receptors. The response of each cardiovascular receptor was tested by altering the stimulus for their discharge. Aortic and ventricular baroreceptors increased their discharge in response to an increase in blood pressure induced by intravenous norepinephrine. Type A atrial receptors did not increase their discharge in response to an increase in atrial pressure during intravenous administration of isotonic saline, while type B atrial receptors did. The discharge of the latter became continuous following the intravenous administration of veratridine sulphate (20 μg). It is concluded that the basic types of cardiopulmonary afferents exist in the non-human primate and that they respond similarly to those which have been demonstrated in lower species.
The Dif Chemosensory System Is Required for S Motility, Biofilm Formation, Chemotaxis, and Development in Myxococcus xanthus

This chapter focuses on the Dif chemosensory pathway, which regulates movement and development in different ways. The dif genes encode components of a chemosensory pathway known to be essential for S motility, biofilm formation, lipid chemotaxis, and fruiting body development. Myxococcus xanthus does not respond chemotactically to a variety of molecules that are chemoeffectors in other organisms. Several lines of evidence suggest that the M. xanthus phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) response is analogous to chemotaxis of flagellar bacteria. The Dif chemosensory pathway plays at least three roles in motility. The short diffusion range of the attractant suggests that Myxococcus chemotaxis is contact based. One of the most intriguing problems about Dif-mediated lipid chemotaxis is the need for stimulation and adaptation rates consistent with the slow rate of movement. The mechanism of signal perception was examined by making a variety of artificial DifA constructs. M. xanthus cells expressing a chimeric chemoreceptor (NafA) in which the transmembrane, periplasmic, and histidine kinase, adenylyl cyclase, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein, and phosphatase (HAMP) linker domains of DifA are replaced by the corresponding domains of the enteric nitrate sensor NarX are defective in extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The DifA cytoplasmic region closely follows the Escherichia coli consensus and contains two methylation domains (MD) separated by the highly conserved domain (HCD) that binds CheW.
Photonics: A stable narrow-band X-ray laser.

An atomic laser operating at the shortest wavelength yet achieved has been created by bombarding a copper foil with two X-ray pulses tuned to slightly different energies. The results may lead to ultrastable X-ray lasers. See Letter p.446 Generating coherent X-rays with short-wavelength lasers has been a long-standing goal in X-ray science. Previously, an atomic laser based on neon atoms and pumped by an X-ray free-electron laser had been developed for soft X-rays. Hitoki Yoneda et al. use a solid copper target to achieve an atomic laser in the hard X-ray regime, at 1.54 A. The target is ionized by SACLA, the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser, to achieve strong amplified spontaneous emission. The resulting atomic laser generates an X-ray beam that is superior to the pumping X-ray free-electron laser pulse. Its wavelength is almost ten times shorter than previously reported and will open many opportunities for ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy and quantum optics.
The Intersection of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

This Note reviews the history, structure, and purpose of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It then describes how the two statutes intersect and interact. Next, this Note examines the existing split in the U.S. Courts of Appeals regarding the availability of § 1983 as a remedy for violations of the IDEA. This Note ultimately contends that Congress intended § 1983 suits to prevail under the IDEA and argues that school districts will be deterred from violating the statute’s provisions if such suits are allowed to proceed.
Identifying the forces responsible for self-organization of nanostructures at crystal surfaces

The spontaneous formation of organized surface structures at nanometre scales1,2 has the potential to augment or surpass standard materials patterning technologies. Many observations of self-organization of nanoscale clusters at surfaces have been reported1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, but the fundamental mechanisms underlying such behaviour — and in particular, the nature of the forces leading to and stabilizing self-organization — are not well understood. The forces between the many-atom units in these structures, with characteristic dimensions of one to tens of nanometres, must extend far beyond the range of typical interatomic interactions. One commonly accepted source of such mesoscale forces is the stress field in the substrate around each unit1,11,12,13. This, however, has not been confirmed, nor have such interactions been measured directly. Here we identify and measure the ordering forces in a nearly perfect triangular lattice of nanometre-sized vacancy islands that forms when a single monolayer of silver on the ruthenium (0001) surface is exposed to sulphur at room temperature. By using time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy to monitor the thermal fluctuations of the centres of mass of the vacancy islands around their final positions in the self-organized lattice, we obtain the elastic constants of the lattice and show that the weak forces responsible for its stability can be quantified. Our results are consistent with general theories of strain-mediated interactions between surface defects in strained films.
Catalytic reduction of SO3 Stored in SOx transfer catalysts—A temperature-programmed reaction study

Abstract A laboratory test method has been developed to assess the efficiency of SOx transfer catalysts for the reduction of SO3 stored in the catalysts. The test method is based on the temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) with propane over a presulfated catalyst. The reaction products relased during the test were determined by means of mass spectrometry (MS). Using this technique, we have appraised the oxides of four transition metals, V, Cr, Fe, and Ce, each impregnated on microspheres of a ternary oxide containing Mg, La, and Al. Based solely on the onset temperature for H2S release, the ranking in catalyst efficiency found was V>Ce>Fe>Cr. In good contrast to this, the ranking based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test for the SO2 oxidation/SO3 trapping was Ce>Cr>V>Fe. Using the TPR/MS test method, we have also examined a sample of DESOXtm, the leading commercial SOx transfer catalyst consisting of (MgO)2Al2O3 and oxides of Ce and V. The onset temperature for H2S release was approximately 450°C when propane was the reactant. It was approximately 580°C when H2 or CH4 was used. These data imply that the rate of H2S release is limited by the supply of active hydrogen. Thus, the data further suggest that the primary role of catalytic metal oxide for the reduction of SO3 stored in the catalyst is to facilitate C-H bond cleavage on the catalyst by activating hydrocarbons.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RIVER DISCHARGE AND ABUNDANCE OF AGE 0 REDHORSES (MOXOSTOMA SPP.) IN THE OCONEE RIVER, GEORGIA, USA, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ROBUST REDHORSE

Robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum) and notchlip redhorse (M. collapsum) are two species of redhorses that reside in the lower Oconee River, Georgia. Robust redhorse is listed as a state endangered species in Georgia and North Carolina, and attempts to investigate factors affecting its reproductive success have met with limited success. Therefore, catch of robust redhorse young were combined with catch of notchlip redhorse to increase sample size. These congeners with similar spawning repertoire were assumed to respond similarly to environmental conditions. River discharge during spawning and rearing seasons may affect abundance of both redhorses in the lower Oconee River. An information-theoretic approach was used to evaluate the relative support of models relating abundance of age 0 redhorses to monthly discharge statistics that represented magnitude, timing, duration, variability and frequency of river discharge events for April through June 1995–2006. The best-approximating model indicated a negative relationship between the abundance of redhorses and mean maximum river discharge and the number of high pulses during June as well as a positive relationship with intermediate duration of low flows during April–June. This model is 9.6 times more plausible than the next best-fitting model, which revealed a negative relationship between the abundance of redhorses and mean maximum river discharge during May and the number of high pulses during June as well as a positive relationship between abundance and intermediate duration of low flows during April–June. Management implications from the results indicate low-stable flows for at least a 2-week period during spawning and rearing may increase reproductive success of robust and notchlip redhorses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of A-site ordering on the structures and properties of La1-xBaxMnO3 (x∼0.5)

The magnetic, resistive, and structural properties of A-site layer-ordered La{sub 1-x}Ba{sub x}MnO{sub 3} materials (x=0.44, 0.48, 0.5, and 0.52) have been investigated. Ferromagnetic properties have been observed for samples with x<0.5. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties have been observed for samples with x{ge}0.5. For the x=0.5 sample, neutron powder diffraction data provide evidence for a structural phase separation below {approx}{approx}180 K and a stable and complex charge ordered (CO) phase at temperatures below {approx}120 K. Contrary to previous reports, this charge ordered phase is not of the charge exchanged type and is not intrinsic to the main high temperature ferromagnetic phase. The additional antiferromagnetic peaks observed in the neutron data indicate a quadrupling of the c axis (with respect to the primitive perovskite unit cell) for this charge ordered phase. For the x=0.52 sample, a similar CO state has been observed within a narrow temperature range (at {approx}180 K) before it disappeared in favor of a more stable antiferromagnetic A-type orbital ordered phase. The structures of all phases were refined in the tetragonal space group P4/mmm except for the A-type orbital ordered phase that assumes the monoclinic space group P2/m. In this space group, the magnetic structure can be refined bymore » taking the time reversal of the two fold rotation axis leading to the magnetic space group P2{prime}/m.« less
Introduction to modeling.

A model is a representation of structure and a mathematical model describes mathematically the relationship between variables and/or parameters. Numerous types of mathematical models have been used to study biological systems that are of interest to nutritionists. This paper introduces some concepts that relate to the dynamic behavior of biological systems and discusses two modeling approaches that can be used in conjunction with kinetic studies. The two approaches, empirical compartmental modeling and model-based compartmental analysis, are subcategories of compartmental analysis. The objective of this brief introduction to modeling is to encourage more nutritionists to use compartmental analysis and other forms of mathematical modeling in their research.
Thermonuclear Runaway Models for Symbiotic Novae

This paper reviews the basic physics of thermonuclear runaways on the surfaces of accreting white dwarf stars, with a special emphasis on understanding the evolution of symbiotic novae.
A SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF DEPRESSIONS IN WARM SEASON PRECIPITATION PROFILES FROM THE UPPER MIDDLE WEST

Synoptic analysis of daily and monthly mean circulation patterns indicates that bimodal warm season precipitation distributions are a frequent occurrence in the upper Middle West. Normal seasonal changes in the positions of ridges and troughs comprising the circumpolar westerlies are associated with a June maximum, a mid-summer decline, and a second peak in September. Warm season depressions (WSDs) in the precipitation profile occur most frequently during periods of northwesterly flow or amplified ridging in the mid-continent. Low frequencies of WSDs are associated with southwesterly flow and/or trough conditions. Labeling this phenomenon an “aberration” (Trewartha, 1981) is contrary to the known relationships between mid-latitude precipitation, atmospheric vertical motions, and the modal North American summer season circulation pattern.
A survey of single-database private information retrieval: techniques and applications

In this paper we survey the notion of Single-Database Private Information Retrieval (PIR). The first Single-Database PIR was constructed in 1997 by Kushilevitz and Ostrovsky and since then Single-Database PIR has emerged as an important cryptographic primitive. For example, Single-Database PIR turned out to be intimately connected to collision-resistant hash functions, oblivious transfer and public-key encryptions with additional properties. In this survey, we give an overview of many of the constructions for Single-Database PIR (including an abstract construction based upon homomorphic encryption) and describe some of the connections of PIR to other primitives.
Inductive Logic Programming for Natural Language Processing

This paper reviews our recent work on applying inductive logic programming to the construction of natural language processing systems. We have developed a system, Chill, that learns a parser from a training corpus of parsed sentences by inducing heuristics that control an initial overly-general shift-reduce parser. CHILL learns syntactic parsers as well as ones that translate English database queries directly into executable logical form. The ATIS corpus of airline information queries was used to test the acquisition of syntactic parsers, and CHILL performed competitively with recent statistical methods. English queries to a small database on U.S. geography were used to test the acquisition of a complete natural language interface, and the parser that Chill acquired was more accurate than an existing hand-coded system. The paper also includes a discussion of several issues this work has raised regarding the capabilities and testing of ILP systems as well as a summary of our current research directions.
Sensitivity of Thermal Habitat of a Trout Stream to Potential Climate Change, Wisconsin, United States1

: Airborne thermal remote sensing from four flights on a single day from a single-engine airplane was used to collect thermal infrared data of a 10.47-km reach of the upper East Branch Pecatonica River in southwest Wisconsin. The study uses a one-dimensional stream temperature model calibrated with the longitudinal profiles of stream temperature created from the four thermal imaging flights and validated with three days of continuous stream temperature data from instream data loggers on the days surrounding the thermal remote-sensing campaign. Model simulations were used to quantify the sensitivity of stream thermal habitat to increases in air and groundwater temperature and changes in base flow. The simulations indicate that stream temperatures may reach critical maximum thresholds for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) mortality, particularly if both air temperature increases and base flow declines. The approach demonstrates that thermal infrared data can greatly assist stream temperature model validation due to its high spatial resolution, and that this spatially continuous stream temperature data can be used to pinpoint spatial heterogeneity in groundwater inflow to streams. With this spatially distributed data on thermal heterogeneity and base-flow accretion, stream temperature models considering various climate change scenarios are able to identify thermal refugia that will be critical for fisheries management under a changing climate.
Discrimination of mirror image stimuli in children.

Abstract Young children recognize and discriminate certain letters and geometrical shapes more readily under a brief tachistoscopic exposure of 80 msec than under a longer exposure of 3·5 sec. This paradoxical finding seems to provide one explanation for mirror image confusions and letter reversals in children.
Quest for low-threshold stimulated emission of surface plasmons polaritons

The stimulated emission threshold of SPPs can be reduced by an order of magnitude if the operation range is changed from visible to near-IR and metamaterial substrates are used instead of silver films.
Propogation of the Allosteric Signal in Bacillus Stearothermophilus Phosphofructokinase Examined by Methyl-TROSY NMR

Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BsPFK) is a 136 kDa homotetromeric enzyme. Binding of the substrate, fructose 6-phospate (F6P), is allosterically regulated by the K-type inhibitor phospho(enol)pyruvate (PEP). The allosteric coupling between substrate and inhibitor is quantified by an equilibrium constant of the reaction between F6P-bound and PEP-bound complexes forming the apo form and ternary complex. Methyl-TROSY NMR was employed to gain structural information on BsPFK in all four states of ligation that are relevant to the allosteric coupling. BsPFK was uniformly labeled with 15N and 2H and specifically labeled with δ-[13CH3]-isoleucine using an isotopically-labeled α-keto butyric acid precursor. Methyl-TROSY experiments were conducted on BsPFK in all four ligation states, and all 30 isoleucines, which are well dispersed throughout each subunit of the enzyme, are well resolved in chemical shift correlation maps of 13C and 1H. These spectral maps reveal several cross peaks with chemical shifts unique to each state of ligation indicating unique structures for each enzyme form. Apo BsPFK and F6P-bound BsPFK spectra exhibit only small differences compared to the PEP-bound BsPFK spectrum, which contains numerous dissimilar peaks. Additional distinct peaks, not seen in any other spectra, are present in the spectrum of the ternary complex. Assignments of all 30 isoleucines were determined through 3D HMQC-NOESY experiments with [U-15N,2H];Ileδ1-[13CH3]-BsPFK and complementary HNCA and HNCOCA experiments with [U-15N,2H,13C]-BsPFK. The assignments allowed for the mapping of peaks representing isoleucine residues onto the crystal structure. This analysis has allowed specific regions of the enzyme involved in the binding of allosteric ligands and the propagation of the allosteric effect to be identified. Funding: NIH-GM33216, NIH-CBI, Welch-A1543.
The effect of estrogen on ovine anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts: cell proliferation and collagen synthesis.

AbstractEstrogen has been implicated as a causal factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in women. Studies have demonstrated a decrease in anterior cruciate ligament fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis at supraphysiologic levels of estrogen in a rabbit model.HypothesisThe authors hypothesized that physiologic levels of estrogen would have no significant effect on anterior cruciate ligament fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in an ovine model.MethodsAnterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts were isolated from sheep knees using routine cell culture methods. The cells were exposed to 17β-estradiol at physiologic concentrations of 2.2, 5, 15, 25, 250, and 2500 pg/ml. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counts on days 4 and 6. Collagen synthesis was determined by 3H-proline incorporation on day 4. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect estrogen receptors.ResultsImmunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of estrogen receptors in ovine anterior cruciate ligament fibro...
Response of a rising 2-year-old natural Piedmont upland stand to fertilization

Hardwood stands in the southern U.S. are often regenerated naturally following clearcutting, with little or no silvicultural intervention in the early stages of stand development. Fertilizer was applied to a young naturally regenerating stand in order to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrient addition as a silvicultural tool in recently clearcut stands and to better understand the ecological relationships between site fertility and stand development. The study was installed on a rising 2-year-old naturally regenerated mixed pine-hardwood stand in the Hill Demonstration Forest in the Piedmont region (Durham County) of North Carolina. Fertilizer treatments were control, N, N + P, and N + P + K (at 200 kg N per ha, 50 kg P per ha and 100 kg K per ha). On a whole stand basis, increased growth rates were observed for trees on N + P and N + P + K plots. Fertilizer treatments did not affect total stand density, but the density of loblolly pine significantly decreased in N + P plots compared to the Control. The density of stems of stump origin also increased in plots receiving N + P. Density of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) significantly increased and hickory (Carya spp.) density decreased with the application of N + P. Dominant hardwood species with the exception of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) responded with an increase in height to only N + P fertilizer treatments. Yellow-poplar increased in groundline diameter, height and mean tree volume index with the application of N + P. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) responded to N + P + K fertilizer treatment with an increase in height, diameter and volume index over the Control. There was no growth response among treatments for the 16 largest trees per species per plot, with the exception of red oak (Quercus rubra) which responded with an increase in height in N + P plots. Projected growth responses were modeled on a whole stand level and indicate that the use of N + P fertilizer may be an effective silvicultural instrument to increase growth, accelerate stand development, and shorten rotation length.
DESIGN OF THE LIFT-GATE WEDGES IN SPORTS UTILITY VEHICLES FOR IMPROVED RELIABILITY

Lift-gate is a rear closure system present in sports utility vehicles (SUV) and minivans. It has multiple design variables affecting multiple functional requirements. A wedge is a small piece of hardware used to stabilize the lift-gate especially in cross-car direction by providing the load path from the lift-gate to the surrounding structure. But, a wedge may increase the closing effort due to the reaction force in the swing direction. Furthermore, wedges need to accommodate the gap variation to bridge the lift-gate and the body frame. This paper presents the characteristics of two different types of wedges, their effects on the lift-gate system, and design methodologies to improve the wedge performance.
A Raman Spectroscopic Study of MoS2 and MoO3: Applications to Tribological Systems

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and molybdenum trioxide are investigated using Raman spectroscopy with emphasis on the application to tribological systems. The Raman vibrational modes were investigated for excitation wavelengths at 632.8 and 488 nm using both micro-crystalline MoS2 powder and natural MoS2 crystals. Differences are noted in the Raman spectra for these two different wavelengths, which are attributed to resonance effects due to overlap of the 632.8 nm source with electronic absorption bands. In addition, significant laser intensity effects are found that result in laser-induced transformation of MoS2 to MoO3. Finally, the transformation to molybdenum trioxide is explored as a function of temperature and atmosphere, revealing an apparent transformation at 375 K in the presence of oxygen. Overall, Raman spectroscopy is an useful tool for tribological study of MoS2 coatings, including the role of molybdenum trioxide transformations, although careful attention must be given to the laser excitation parameters (both wavelength and intensity) when interpreting Raman spectra.
Some Queries About Examiners’ Criteria and Students’ Results Raised by the ‘A’ Level English Literature Examination

(1972). Some Queries About Examiners’ Criteria and Students’ Results Raised by the ‘A’ Level English Literature Examination. English in Education: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 63-74.
Stimulation of uterine ornithine decarboxylase in organ culture by decreasing osmolality: Possible relation to in vivo mechanisms

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity increases during many growth responses. Some cells and tissues in culture also exhibit elevated enzyme activity with decreasing osmolality of the culture medium. We have found that this also occurs with uterine tissue from ovariectomized rats. Organ culture incubation under hypotonic conditions caused maximal stimulation of uterine ODC activity at 4 hr. This stimulation was observed when either NaCl or sucrose was used to adjust the osmolality. Incubation under isotonic conditions also increased ODC activity relative to hypertonic conditions. This increase was similar in magnitude to that seen with unincubated uterine tissue from animals receiving systemic estradiol or intrauterine cholera toxin. Both estradiol and cholera toxin increase vascular permeability, and the resultant edema changes the extracellular microenvironment of the uterine cells. We suggest that this change somehow is mimicked by organ culture under hypotonic or isotonic conditions and is responsible for the stimulation of uterine ODC activity.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development and career development

Abstract This article outlines some of the contributions of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development in providing a developmental perspective on career behavior. While Erikson's theory has not been traditionally regarded as a “vocational developmental theory” the theory appears to be of importance in comprehending the developmental nature of vocational behavior. A brief overview of Eirkson's theory is presented and possible contributions of the theory towards enhancing understanding of career development are noted.
Abdominoplasty: The Use of Stapled Prolene® Mesh in Severe Musculoaponeurotic Laxity

We have evaluated the role of stapled Prolene® mesh for reinforcement of the midline abdominal wall plication in patients with advanced musculoaponeurotic laxity. Twenty-one multiparous women underwent a standard abdominoplasty with wide longitudinal rectus sheath plication, followed by stapling of the mesh to the external oblique fascia and anterior rectus sheath. All patients were followed up for at least 6 months and 10 of them for 1 year. None of the patients had a major complication. All patients except one maintained an appreciable improvement in their abdominal contour when evaluated at 6 months. The technical aspects, possible advantages, and complications of using such a procedure in this particular group of patients are described.
Stopping the exploitation of workers: An analysis of the effective application of consumer or socio-political pressure

Commodity chain analysis (Bair and Ramsay, 2003 Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies) is used to explore where economic pressure (from consumers) or socio-political pressure (from governments and NGOs) can be applied to reduce worker exploitation. Six paths are illustrated with examples of successful and unsuccessful application of pressure. Three conclusions are reached: Economic pressure on companies and brand owners is more likely to lead to improved workplace conditions than socio-political pressure; Brand owners are more likely to implement improved workplace conditions than retailers; and Retailers who are under extreme consumer price pressure will resist improving workplace conditions.
Resonant Activation from the Zero-Voltage State of a Current-Biased Josephson Junction

The lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of the zero-voltage state of a current-biased Josephson junction in the thermal limit has been measured in the presence of a weak microwave perturbation. When the microwave frequency is close to the plasma frequency of the junction, the junction is "resonantly activated" out of the zero-voltage state, with a corresponding reduction in $\ensuremath{\tau}$. The results are well explained by numerical simulations.
Metastatic Teratocarcinoma Following Chemotherapy: Maturation to a Mass Pathologically Indistinguishable from a Mediastinal Enteric Cyst

A case of testicular teratocarcinoma metastatic to a mediastinal lymph node and associated with a mediastinal lesion indistinguishable from an enteric cyst is presented. It is postulated that the mediastinal enteric cyst-like lesion resulted from histologic maturation of metastatic teratocarcinoma after intensive chemotherapy. The basis in the medical literature for this postulate is detailed.
Oceanographic frontal structure and biological production at an ice edge

Abstract Marginal ice edge zones (MIZ) are unique frontal systems with air-ice-sea interfaces. Phytoplankton blooms, which occur along the edge of the melting ice pack in spring, are strongly related to the air-ice-sea interactive processes. In spring 1982, during a cruise to the Bering Sea ice pack, hydrographic sections, including standard biological oceanographic parameters, were collected across the MIZ showing such enhanced phytoplankton bloom populations in the ice edge. During this period the ice edge retreated at speeds of 6 to 38 cm s−1. Associated with the retreating ice edge were a faster moving upper layer oceanic front that kept pace with the retreating ice edge, and a nearly stationary deeper front. In the presence of light, the phytoplankton blooms are shown to be associated with, and primarily controlled by enhanced density stratification and frontal structure due to ice melt during the spring ice retreat. The ice melt water forms stratification that helps to maintain the phytoplankton within the photic zone. The ice edge blooms can be differentiated from open water blooms by the stratification mechanism; in MIZ blooms stratification is due to low salinity melt water as opposed to temperature derived stratification in most open water blooms. In addition, in the series of cross sections collected, a unique biophysical interaction was observed when the MIZ front moving north with the spring retreat, came in contact with a fixed shelf front forming a ‘dish’ shaped hydrographic structure within which a major phytoplankton bloom was observed. We suggest that upwelling from the tidally driven shelf front supplied nutrients to the surface waters extending the life of the bloom. Wind-driven ice edge upwelling was also observed but was difficult to distinguish from the shelf front circulation. In this same set of ice edge cross sections, a cold water mass was observed at the surface in the MIZ. This water mass was subsequently overridden by warmer water forming a cold tongue structure above the pycnocline and seaward of the shelf front. We suggest that this cold tongue was transient in nature, and illustrative of one mechanism by which the T-S characteristics of high latitude shelf waters are formed and altered.
A layman's view of law and labor

My predecessors in this lectureship, Mr. R/lorris Llewellyn Cooke and Mr. Ralph Flanders, set two or three good precedents for me. I follow their good example by beginning these remarks with a word of thanks to the founder of this lectureship. The men who have stood here, by your invitation, on previous occasions, R/Ir. Cooke in 1944 and R/lr. Flanders in 1945, may have had the advantage of a more intimate acquaintance with Mr. Day, with RiIr. Day’s life work, and with the ideals of public service which he demonstrated in his professional work and for the furtherance of which this lectureship of the Franklin Institute has been established. As I understand, it was the intention of those who instituted this lecture foundation to remind us from time to time by these annual lectures that professional men, particularly the scientists, engineers, and managers of industries, have social and economic repsonsibilities of some magnitude, that each has a debt to society beyond all that he owes to himself and to his profession, to his employers and to his stockholders. I undertsand, too, that the founders chose not to prescribe that spokesmen here under this lectureship are expected to accept any one fixed doctrine of industrial philosophy. They did not set up for the lecturers a creed, nor was it stipulated that we must pass certain tests of orthodoxy. The freedom given us proposes in itself certain reasonable restraints and tends to discourage reckless and unconsidered speech. The previous lecturers have also indicated certain precedents as to the conclusions that are likely to be reached by a Charles Day lecturer. I have read the interesting papers presented from this desk by my predecessors, Mr. Cooke and Mr. Flanders. These are contemplative essays on the subject of the public responsibilities of all of us, no matter what callings we follow. Examining the lives of several men of affairs whom he admired, the first lecturer, &Ir. Cooke, undertook to identify “the sometimes overlooked sources of power” in the intellectural equipment of a business executive: He took his examples from the lives of certain of his friends,
Unattractiveness of mated females to males in the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius

Despite common stereotypes, males are not always indiscriminate and eager when it comes to mating. In the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius, the initial response of males to females was almost always one of apparent excitement; however, this was followed by a clear preference for virgin females over mated females in both no-choice and choice situations. The no-choice data were collected from videotapes of male-female pairs of all possible combinations of mated and virgin individuals. Neither female nor male mating status had a significant effect on likelihood of, or time until, contact or male courtship fanning. However, a male’s first retreat was sooner when the female was mated than when she was virgin; mated males exhibited their first retreat sooner than did virgin males; and mated females were less likely to be mounted than were virgin females. In addition to the videotapes, male-choice experiments were performed. When given a choice of a virgin and a mated female, both virgin and mated males were more likely to mount and copulate with the virgin. The difference in response to virgin versus mated females seemed to be less in virgin males than in mated males, perhaps due to virgin males’ greater eagerness to mate: when a virgin male and a mated male were presented with a dead virgin female, the virgin male was usually the first to respond to the female. That males preferentially retreated from and avoided mounting mated females appears to be adaptive given that mated females rarely copulated.
HAVNET: a new neural network architecture for pattern recognition

Abstract A new artificial neural network architecture, specifically designed for two-dimensional binary pattern recognition, is introduced. The network employs a unique similarity metric, based on the Hausdorff distance, to determine the degree of match between an input pattern and a learned representation. Use of this metric in the network leads to behaviour that is more consistent with human performance than that generated by similarity metrics currently in use in other artificial neural networks. A detailed description of the architecture, the learning equations, and the recall equations for the network are presented. An extension of the network is also described in which each class of learned objects is represented by multiple two-dimensional aspects. This extension greatly increases the utility of the network for tasks like character recognition and three-dimensional vision. The network is employed on an example pattern recognition task to demonstrate its application, with very good results. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Perception of maximum reaching height reflects impending changes in reaching ability and improvements transfer to unpracticed reaching tasks.

Perception of whether a given behavior is possible typically reflects a person’s action capabilities even before the behavior is performed and even when the person has undergone recent changes to their action capabilities. Importantly, perception of affordances for a given behavior also reflects impending changes to action capabilities. Two experiments investigated perception of affordances for reaching when the means of reaching would bring about changes in reaching ability. Experiment 1 found that perception of maximum reaching height is relative to impending changes brought on by a change in posture and use of a hand-held tool. Experiment 2 found that practice performing a reaching task in which reaching ability is unchanged is sufficient to bring about improvements in perception of maximum reaching height when the means of reaching would change reaching ability. The results are discussed in the context of the prospectivity of perception of affordances, and the experiences that may be necessary to bring about (transfer of) improvements in perception of affordances.
Racial discrimination in professional baseball

Salary discrimination was found to bezero in a transferable monopoly — baseball. Nonwhites and white players received equal pay for equal work. Barriers to entry were foundnot to exist against nonwhites after taking into account that barriers to entryhad existed against nonwhites and had created a long-run equilibrium differential.
The impacts of Gramm–Leach–Bliley bank diversification on value and risk

Abstract Combined abnormal returns from U.S. bank holding company acquisitions during 2001–2011 suggest that diversification into investment banking, securities brokerage and insurance under the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999 creates value. Exceptional returns depend on contributing factors; the most robust are that the acquirer is large and has experienced negative returns over the prior year (characteristics consistent with models of optimal diversification). Results are inconclusive on whether the impact of acquirer size is a too-big-to-fail effect, but acquirer characteristics are associated with adverse consequences: large size is associated with increasing systematic risk, and falling acquirer values are associated with increasing idiosyncratic risk.
Augmentation-Based Learning combining observations and user edits for Programming-by-Demonstration

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to Programming-by-Demonstration in which the author is allowed to explicitly edit the procedure model produced by the learning algorithm while demonstrating the task. We describe Augmentation-Based Learning, a new algorithm that supports this approach by considering both demonstrations and edits as constraints on the hypothesis space, and resolving conflicts in favor of edits.