cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding how First-Generation College Students’ Out-of-School Experiences, Physics and STEM Identities Relate to Engineering Possible Selves and Certainty of Career Path

This full, research category study examines how out-of-school experiences in Grades 9-12 predict first-generation college students’ engineering possible selves and certainty of career path. The data for this study came from a large-scale survey on outreach programs which was distributed in first-semester English courses to capture an array of responses from students interested in STEM and non-STEM careers. We used structural equation modeling to examine a set of hypotheses: 1) out-of-school experiences would be mediated by interest and recognition in physics and STEM and no direct effect will be found for out-of-school experiences on physics and STEM identities, 2) these identities subsequently predict engineering possible selves, and 3) engineering possible selves will predict certainty of career path. The results of our structural equation modeling analysis supported our hypotheses, out-of-school experiences alone are not enough to develop an identity as a physics person or STEM person, rather they need to be mediated through recognition by others and an underlying interest. A physics identity and a broad STEM identity were found to significantly predict students engineering possible selves. Engineering possible selves were a significant predictor of first-generation college students’ certainty of career path. Future possible selves for first-generation college students have important implications for academic development, integration into their community of practice, retention, and the formation of a future professional identity.
Personal Characteristics, Ethical Leadership,and Leader Effectiveness

A growing body of literature has considered the outcomes of ethical leadership in terms of effects on followers. However, little research has addressed its antecedents with regard to personal chara...
9 Diabetes Mellitus

This chapter focuses on important biobehavioral and psychosocial factors related to the development and treatment of diabetes mellitus. It begins with an introductory overview that defines diabetes, describes the most common forms, discusses the most recent updates regarding how diabetes should be diagnosed, and provides prevalence statistics, including those that demonstrate the existence of ethnicity-related health care disparities. Next, several sections focus on the relationship between various psychosocial factors and diabetes onset and care, including stress, depression, social support, and sleep disturbance. A major portion of this chapter then describes a variety of psychosocial-based treatments geared to foster diabetic patients' ability to manage glycemic control, as well as improve their quality of life and/or decrease depression. These interventions include diabetes self-management education, empowerment-based approaches, stress management, coping skills training, cognitive-behavior therapy, problem-solving therapy, social-support interventions, and collaborative care approaches. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes
Why do counties adopt transfer of development rights programs

Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs are widely-used market-based tools for growth management efforts that seek to protect farmland, natural areas, and other open spaces threatened by deve...
Location dependence of the transcriptional response of a potential G-quadruplex in gene promoters under oxidative stress.

Oxidation of the guanine (G) heterocycle to 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) in mammalian gene promoters was demonstrated to induce transcription. Potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQSs) in promoters have a high density of G nucleotides rendering them highly susceptible to oxidation and possible gene activation. The VEGF PQS with OG or an abasic site were synthesized at key locations in the SV40 or HSV-TK model promoters to determine the location dependency in the gene expression profile in human cells. The PQS location with respect to the transcription start site (TSS) and strand of occupancy (coding versus non-coding strand) are key parameters that determine the magnitude and direction in which gene expression changes with the chemically modified VEGF PQS. The greatest impact observed for OG or F in the PQS context in these promoters was within ∼200 bp of the TSS. Established PQSs found to occur naturally in a similar location relative to the TSS for possible oxidation-induced gene activation include c-MYC, KRAS, c-KIT, HIF-1α, PDGF-A and hTERT. The studies provide experimental constraints that were used to probe bioinformatic data regarding PQSs in the human genome for those that have the possibility to be redox switches for gene regulation.
Parent and Child Voice Activity Detection in Pivotal Response Treatment Video Probes

Training parents, and other primary caregivers, in pivotal response treatment (PRT) has been shown to help children with autism increase their communication skills. This is most effective when the parent maintains a high degree of fidelity to the PRT methodology. Evaluation of a parent’s implementation is currently limited to manual review of PRT sessions by a trained clinician. This process is time consuming and limited in the amount of feedback that can be provided. It also makes long term support for parents who have undergone training difficult. Providing automated data extraction and analysis would alleviate the costs of providing feedback to parents.
Random Number Generators

The integrity of computer simulation models is only as good as the reliability of the random number generator that produces the stream of random numbers one after the other. The chapter describes the difficult task of developing an algorithm to generate random numbers that are statistically valid and have a large cycle length. The linear congruent method is currently the common way to generate the random numbers for a computer. The parameters of this method include the multiplier and the seed. Only a few multipliers are statistically recommended, and two popular ones in use for 32-bit word length computers are presented. Another parameter is the seed and this allows the analyst the choice of altering the sequence of random numbers with each run, and also when necessary, offers the choice of using the same sequence of random numbers from one run to another.
Demonstration of Safe Entry Techniques for Laparoscopy.

ABSTRACT Study Objective To demonstrate different techniques, and detail the considerations for obtaining primary laparoscopic access in gynecologic surgery. Design Video demonstration of the techniques with narrated discussion of each method. Setting The methods for primary entry in laparoscopy vary by location and technique 1 , 2 . There are inherent risks with any mode of primary entry, and the risks are also specific to each technique 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 . The choice for primary entry depends on the patient's anatomy, surgical history, pathology, and surgeon preference 1 , 2 . Interventions This video reviews considerations for choosing the safest entry point and tips for proper entry technique 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 . The entry sites reviewed include the umbilicus, left upper quadrant, right upper quadrant, and supraumbilical [11] . The entry technique can be either open (Hasson), closed (Veress), or by direct laparoscopic visualization 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 . Conclusion No single laparoscopic entry technique is superior [3] . The safest and most successful entry method will vary by case characteristics and surgeon training.
A Gendered Look at Latinx General Strain Theory

This study investigates gendered differences within Latinx experiences using a GST framework. We address four hypotheses: (1) Latinos and Latinas will vary in their degrees of risk for and resilien...
The Fixer by Charles Plot and Kodjo Nicolas Batema

Piot, Charles, with Kodjo Nicolas Batema. The Fixer: Visa Lottery Chronicles. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019.
Financial inclusion of individuals who arrived as refugees to the United States

We study determinants of financial inclusion for individuals with a refugee background (refugees) from over 30 countries residing in Utica, New York. We find that greater financial inclusion is associated with refugees who are male, more educated, employed, richer, older at time of migration, have better language skills, and have lived in the country longer. Financial inclusion also increases with the degree to which refugees trust financial institutions and decreases with the degree to which refugees' close friends are from the same ethnic group. Country of origin, religious affiliation, and religiosity are strong predictors in many specifications.
Promoting Students’ Critical Perspectives about the World: Teacher-Researcher’s Learning Experiences

This article presents an English language arts teacher’s critical reflection on how she worked with her middle and high school students to develop perspectives about the world in her classes. The a...
Social-Economic-Political-Emotional (SEPE) factors regulate human growth

Background There is a recurring and seamless interaction between the biology of human development and the social-economic-political-emotional (SEPE) environment. The SEPE environment influences the quality of the material conditions for human biology and, simultaneously, human growth in height and other dimensions provide social and moral signals that provide information to community networks. Objectives This article reviews the role of SEPE factors in human growth, especially skeletal growth. Sample and Methods The meaning of SEPE is defined and shown to be related to individual and group prestige, to social identity, and to ego and task motivation. These influence dominance or subordination of communities and the material and moral conditions of societies. Historical and contemporary examples of SEPE effects on skeletal size are presented. Results Membership in a SEPE community impacts skeletal size in height and breadth. Higher SEPE classes are taller, lower SEPE classes are broader. In elite level sport the winners have more growth stimulation via the hormone IGF-1 even before the contest. These findings are explained in terms of dominance versus subordination and the Community Effect in Height hypothesis. Conclusions SEPE factor regulation of human growth is shown to be a more comprehensive explanation for plasticity in height than traditional concepts such as socioeconomic status and simple-minded genetic determinism. People belonging to upper SEPE class communities, the elites, know that they are superior and are treated as such by the non-elites. The material and moral condition for life operating through these community social networks provide positive stimulation for the elites and negative stimulation for the lower SEPE classes. These differences maintain the gradients in height between SEPE communities in human societies.
Student grouping strategies in technology rich learning environments at the intermediate grade level

The purpose of this study was to investigate the various student grouping strategies used within the learning environment of technology rich and typical general education classrooms. Participants included technology rich and typical, general education classrooms at the 3, 4, 5 and 6 grade levels. The categories of grouping strategies observed in this study were: independent, pairs, small groups, mixed groups and independent, whole class with attention to the teacher or another student, whole class with attention to media and transition. Cognitive activities in relation to grouping strategies were also explored. Observation data collected through a momentary time sampling process was analyzed. First, an independent-samples t test was conducted for the independent variable, the classroom, analyzed against the observed dependent variable, student grouping strategies. To extend this analysis, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. A final analysis calculated the correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between the student grouping strategies and the level of cognitive activities observed in the classroom. The results indicate that there is a difference in grouping strategies between technology rich and typical classrooms. The quantitative analysis of the data showed few changes in student grouping strategies occurring throughout the school year in technology rich and typical general education classrooms. Although classroom teachers vary the grouping strategies used in the classroom, the differences were not statistically significant throughout the school year. When analyzed between years, technology rich classrooms showed an increase between Year 1 and Year 2 in Mixed Groups. The results of the correlational analysis for cognitive activities and technology rich classrooms indicate that 5 out of 12 correlations were statistically significant; 3 out of 12 correlations in typical general education classrooms.
A recess intervention to promote moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity

Summary Background: Schools provide a prime environment for interventions that attempt to increase physical activity and prevent obesity. Objective: This study examined the effect of a 30-min, structured recess using 22 games of known energy expenditure on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity when compared to free play implemented with third graders from two elementary schools over 9 weeks. Methods: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and other cardiovascular risk factors were assessed pre- and post-intervention in 27 children. Results: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during recess increased significantly in intervention school children from 6.9 0.8 to 14.9 0.9 min pre- and post-intervention, respectively (adjusted mean change 8.0 1.1; P < 0.0001), with no differences by gender or body mass index (BMI). In-school, moderate-tovigorous physical activity also increased significantly more for intervention compared to control children (adjusted mean change 14 4 min vs. 3 3 min; P = 0.014, respectively). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in BMI and cardiovascular risk factors. A structured recess is feasible to implement and can significantly increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.
Likelihood calculation for a class of multiscale stochastic models

In this paper, we present an efficient likelihood calculation algorithm for a class of multiscale models. Our development exploits the scale-recursive structure of these models thereby leading to a computationally efficient and highly parallelizable algorithm. We illustrate one possible application of the algorithm to texture discrimination and show that likelihood-based methods using our algorithm perform have substantially better probability of error statistics than well-known least-squares methods, and achieve virtually the same performance as truly optimal techniques, which are prohibitively complex computationally. >
Cutting Edge: Th2 Response Induction by Dendritic Cells: A Role for CD40

We investigated the influence of dendritic cell (DC) CD40 expression on Th2 and Th1 development by in vivo transfer of Ag-pulsed bone marrow-derived DC generated from wild-type (WT) or CD40(-/-) mice. Contrary to expectation, CD40(-/-) DC primed with Ag that inherently induce a Th2 response (soluble egg Ag from Schistosoma mansoni) failed to induce a Th2 response or any compensatory Th1 response, whereas CD40(-/-)DC primed with Ag that inherently induce a Th1 response (Propionibacterium acnes) generated a competent Th1 response. Thus, DC expression of CD40 is a prerequisite for initiation of Th2, but not Th1, responses by these Ag. Consistent with this, CD154(-/-) mice, unlike WT mice, failed to mount a Th2 response when directly injected with schistosome eggs but mounted a normal Th1 response after challenge with P. acnes. CD40-CD154 interaction can therefore play a major role in Th2 response induction.
The sexually violent offender : Impulsive or ritualistic?

The article presents and develops a paradigm of serial, sexual offenders derived from our criminal investigative analysis experience and research. The paradigm delineates two major categories of sexually violent offenders. The Impulsive Offender is described as being criminally unsophisticated, and largely reactive in terms of his victim selection and crime-scene behavior. It is observed that this type of offender is often characterized by a diverse criminal history, rather generic sexual interests, and significant levels of physical violence. The Ritualistic Offender, in contrast, is characterized by diverse paraphilic interests, a pervasive and defining fantasy life, and a carefully developed and executed set of crime-scene behaviors. These two distinctions are examined as they inform the analysis of a sexually violent crime by criminal investigative analysts as well as the clinical evaluation of these offenders within a forensic context. The potential utility of this type of paradigmatic delineation for risk assessments and for assessing the potential for future recidivism is also highlighted.
The Role of HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly abundant protein that can promote the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases once it is in an extracellular location. This translocation can occur with immune cell activation as well as cell death, with the conditions for release associated with the expression of different isoforms. These isoforms result from post-translational modifications, with the redox states of three cysteines at positions 23, 45 and 106 critical for activity. Depending on the redox states of these residues, HMGB1 can induce cytokine production via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or promote chemotaxis by binding the chemokine CXCL12 for stimulation via CXCR4. Fully oxidized HMGB1 is inactive. During the course of inflammatory disease, HMGB1 can therefore play a dynamic role depending on its redox state. As a mechanism to generate alarmins, cell death is an important source of HMGB1, although each major cell death form (necrosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis and NETosis) can lead to different isoforms of HMGB1 and variable levels of association of HMGB1 with nucleosomes. The association of HMGB1 with nucleosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus by producing nuclear material whose immunological properties are enhanced by the presence of an alarmin. Since HMGB1 levels in blood or tissue are elevated in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, this molecule can serve as a unique biomarker as well as represent a target of novel therapies to block its various activities.
SU-E-J-169: The Dosimetric and Temporal Effects of Respiratory-Gated Radiation Therapy in Lung Cancer Patients

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric and temporal effects of high dose rate treatment mode for respiratory-gated radiation therapy in lung cancer patients. Methods: Treatment plans from five lung cancer patients (3 nongated (Group 1), 2 gated at 80EX-80IN (Group 2)) were retrospectively evaluated. The maximum tumor motions range from 6–12 mm. Using the same planning criteria, four new treatment plans, corresponding to four gating windows (20EX–20IN, 40EX–40IN, 60EX–60IN, and 80EX–80IN), were generated for each patient. Mean tumor dose (MTD), mean lung dose (MLD), and lung V20 were used to assess the dosimetric effects. A MATLAB algorithm was developed to compute treatment time by considering gantry rotation time, time to position collimator leaves, dose delivery time (scaled relative to the gating window), and communication overhead. Treatment delivery time for each plan was estimated using a 500 MU/min dose rate for the original plans and a 1500 MU/min dose rate for the gated plans. Results: Differences in MTD were less than 1Gy across plans for all five patients. MLD and lung V20 were on average reduced between −16.1% to −6.0% and −20.0% to −7.2%, respectively for non-gated plans when compared with the corresponding gated plans, and between − 5.8% to −4.2% andmore » −7.0% to −5.4%, respectively for plans originally gated at 80EX–80IN when compared with the corresponding 20EX-20IN to 60EX– 60IN gated plans. Treatment delivery times of gated plans using high dose rate were reduced on average between −19.7% (−1.9min) to −27.2% (−2.7min) for originally non-gated plans and −15.6% (−0.9min) to −20.3% (−1.2min) for originally 80EX-80IN gated plans. Conclusion: Respiratory-gated radiation therapy in lung cancer patients can reduce lung toxicity, while maintaining tumor dose. Using a gated high-dose-rate treatment, delivery time comparable to non-gated normal-dose-rate treatment can be achieved. This research is supported by Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.« less
Can the use of a terminal device augment plantar pressure reduction with a total contact cast

Hypotheses/Purpose:Total contact casting (TCC) has been shown to promote the healing of plantar neurotrophic ulcers by reducing plantar pressures and has become the established treatment standard by which all others are measured. The purpose of this study was to determine if terminal cast devices (cast shoes and heels) significantly affect the amount of plantar pressure reduction when used with a total contact cast.Methods/Results:Plantar pressures were measured in the right feet of 28 healthy adult volunteers using the Novel EMED PEDAR system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) for six conditions: athletic shoe (i.e., control), TCC alone, TCC with a conventional cast shoe (EBI, Parsipanny, NJ), TCC with a custom rigid rocker cast shoe (NPS, St. Louis, MO), TCC with a rubber rocker heel (Cast Walker, DM Systems Inc., Evanston, IL), and TCC with a traditional flat rubber heel (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). Peak plantar pressures were recorded from the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used...
The Benefits of Goal Adjustment Capacities for Well-Being Among Women With Breast Cancer: Potential Mechanisms of Action.

Breast cancer can seriously disrupt a person's important life goals. As such, the ability to adjust one's goals may be critical for well-being. The present study investigated the relationships between disengagement/reengagement capacity and well-being among women with breast cancer, as well as several potential mechanisms (intrusive thoughts, life purpose, and physical activity) that could explain these relationships. The sample consisted of 230 women with early-stage (n = 172) or late-stage (n = 58) breast cancer, who were followed prospectively for 8 months. Well-being measures consisted of global mental health, perceived physical health, positive/negative affect, and sleep efficiency. Disengagement capacity did not predict any outcome variable. In contrast, reengagement capacity prospectively predicted changes in global mental health, positive affect, negative affect, sleep efficiency, life purpose, and physical activity. Life purpose mediated the prospective relationship between reengagement capacity and multiple aspects of well-being. The relationships between purpose and positive/negative affect were reciprocal over time. Results also suggested that physical activity is not a mediator, but is in fact a result of the effect of reengagement capacity on well-being. The results demonstrate that reengagement capacity is important for well-being among women with breast cancer.
Epithelial cell surfaces and the basement membrane in the ocular lens, studied with the scanning electron microscope

Abstract Observations on the surfaces of the epithelial cells of the lens of the toadfish were made with the scanning electron microscope. A hexagonal pattern on the inner surface of the capsule was observed when the epithelium was scraped away. The hexagons appear to be outlined by cell fragments which had not been removed by scraping. After collagenase treatment, a hexagonal pattern appeared on the basal surface of the epithelium having about the same dimensions as that seen on the inner capsular surface.
Generalized arteriopathy in williams syndrome: An intravascular ultrasound study

Abstract Objectives. We used intraluminal ultrasound imaging to provide additional information about the vascular pathology in Williams syndrome. Background. The cardiovascular pathology of Williams syndrome consists of medial hypertrophy in both systemic and pulmonary arteries, which results in lumen narrowing. Methods. Systemic and pulmonary arteries were examined in vivo using intravascular ultrasound imaging (5F, 30-MHz catheter) in three children with Williams syndrome. Results. All arteries exhibited severe wall thickening with secondary lumen narrowing. Balloon dilations of a branch pulmonary artery in two children resulted in a significant localized increase in lumen caliber associated with a tear is the vessel wall. Conclusions. lntravascular ultrasound imaging in patients with Williams syndrome may permit better understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome and a more rational approach to therapeutic interventions.
Understanding and Interpreting MRI of the Genitourinary Tract

This article familiarizes the urologist with the most common pulse sequences used in MRI to evaluate the kidneys and adrenal glands. It serves as a basis on which interpretation of genitourinary MRI can be facilitated, and includes specifics on how to perform these studies. MRI analysis of renal masses, cysts, and cystic masses is reviewed thoroughly and the critical factor in determining enhancement in renal lesions is detailed. Adrenal imaging for metastatic disease is reviewed. MR urography is also discussed briefly.
Computer-mediated power stapling for anatomical lung resection: experience in 100 consecutive cases.

ObjectivesMechanical stapling is widely used for lung resection. Complications related to the stapling are few but not infrequent. This varies from complete disruption of the staples to incomplete ...
H-2-Determined kinetic differences for the induction of nucleoside-specific suppression

The kinetic and the H-2 requirements for the induction of nucleoside-specific suppression were examined in several strains of mice; specifically, whether adenosine (A)-coupled spleen cells given intravenously suppress the primary response to adenosine-KLH. The adenosine system was chosen because C57Bl/6 mice were originally found to be resistant to immune suppression when challenged 5 days after treatment with adenosine-coupled spleen cells. (Raps et al. J. Immunol. 126, 1542, 1981.) It was determined (i) whether A-specific nonresponsiveness is inducible in strains other than C57Bl/6; (ii) whether changes in hapten density on the A-conjugated spleen cells could alter C57Bl/6s ability to become nonresponsive, and (iii) whether there are interstrain differences in the time required to induce A-specific suppressor T cells (Ts). The results show that there are H-2-associated differences in the time required to induce A-specific immune suppression. While A-spleen cells failed to suppress the A-specific response in C67Bl/10 (H-2b), they did induce unresponsiveness in B10.D2 (H-2d on C57Bl/10 background). A 2.5-fold increase in epitope density of adenosine on cells did not influence the kinetics of suppression. C67Bl/6 were resistant to suppression on Day 5, but like the CB6F1, susceptible to unresponsiveness 10 days after treatment. Nonresponsiveness was T-cell-mediated and transferable across IgH-V barriers. Suppression induced by Balb/c donor mice is transferable to Igh-incompatible CAL-20 mice. These results are discussed in the context of genetic restrictions which regulate suppressor T-cell interactions.
Ending Open Defecation in Rural Tanzania: Which Factors Facilitate Latrine Adoption?

Diarrheal diseases account for 7% of deaths in children under five years of age in Tanzania. Improving sanitation is an essential step towards reducing these deaths. This secondary analysis examined rural Tanzanian households’ sanitation behaviors and attitudes in order to identify barriers and drivers to latrine adoption. The analysis was conducted using results from a cross-sectional study of 1000 households in five rural districts of Tanzania. Motivating factors, perceptions, and constraints surrounding open defecation and latrine adoption were assessed using behavioral change theory. Results showed a significant association between use of improved sanitation and satisfaction with current sanitation facility (OR: 5.91; CI: 2.95–11.85; p = 0.008). Livestock-keeping was strongly associated with practicing open defecation (OR: 0.22; CI 0.063–0.75; p < 0.001). Of the 93 total households that practiced open defecation, 79 (85%) were dissatisfied with the practice, 62 (67%) had plans to build a latrine and 17 (18%) had started saving for a latrine. Among households that planned to build a latrine, health was the primary reason stated (60%). The inability to pay for upgrading sanitation infrastructure was commonly reported among the households. Future efforts should consider methods to reduce costs and ease payments for households to upgrade sanitation infrastructure. Messages to increase demand for latrine adoption in rural Tanzania should integrate themes of privacy, safety, prestige and health. Findings indicate a need for lower cost sanitation options and financing strategies to increase household ability to adopt sanitation facilities.
Hydrolysis of Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)

The hydrolysis of the α, β, and e polymorphs of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20) was investigated in dilute buffered aqueous solutions over a pH range of 4–10 and at 35, 43, 50, 58 and 65°C, with starting concentrations of CL-20 at one half the solubility limit for the respective temperature. In all cases, an overall first-order kinetic behavior was observed. The rate constants, half-lives, activation energies, and Arrhenius pre-exponential factors were determined. The latter was found to vary linearly with pH. Based on these findings, general formulas for the hydrolysis kinetics of the three polymorphs were developed.
Waveguiding properties of optical vortex solitons

An optical vortex soliton induces a graded-index waveguide over an extended propagation distance in a self-defocusing nonlinear optical medium. Using numerical techniques, we determine the waveguide dispersion and optimal size of the guided beam.
A new hydrogen-bonding potential for the design of protein–RNA interactions predicts specific contacts and discriminates decoys

RNA-binding proteins play many essential roles in the regulation of gene expression in the cell. Despite the significant increase in the number of structures for RNA-protein complexes in the last few years, the molecular basis of specificity remains unclear even for the best-studied protein families. We have developed a distance and orientation-dependent hydrogen-bonding potential based on the statistical analysis of hydrogen-bonding geometries that are observed in high-resolution crystal structures of protein-DNA and protein-RNA complexes. We observe very strong geometrical preferences that reflect significant energetic constraints on the relative placement of hydrogen-bonding atom pairs at protein-nucleic acid interfaces. A scoring function based on the hydrogen-bonding potential discriminates native protein-RNA structures from incorrectly docked decoys with remarkable predictive power. By incorporating the new hydrogen-bonding potential into a physical model of protein-RNA interfaces with full atom representation, we were able to recover native amino acids at protein-RNA interfaces.
Snare extraction of a fractured coronary stent in a saphenous vein graft.

Retrieval of intravascular objects can be accomplished through snare retrieval. We report a case in which a patient presented with symptomatic in-stent restenosis caused by a fractured aorto-ostial sirolimus-eluting stent in a saphenous vein graft. Because of the inability to selectively engage the stent ostium with the guide catheter, the fractured stent was removed with an endovascular snare in order to permit successful revascularization. With the proximal portion of the stent retrieved by the snare, a new stent was implanted without complication. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the finiteness of scaling sum rules

Abstract The convergence of sum rules relating the matrix elements of local operators to integrals over deep-inelastic structure functions is studied critically. It is found that the matrix elements may always be written as the q2 → − ∞ limit of finite expressions, regardless of the (Regge) asymptotic behavior of the structure functions or the possible occurrence of J = 0 fixed singularities. The correct form of the sum rule for the operator Schwinger term is taken as a paradigm case. It is derived from the Bjorken-Johnson-Low theorem and agrees with the results of parton model and light-cone analyses. It readily encompases the results of second order φ3 theory (where the Schwinger term diverges logarithmically) and second order vector gluon theory (where it vanishes). Sufficient conditions for the finiteness of the operator Schwinger term are the scaling of the longitudinal structure function and the absence of J = 0 fixed singularities with nonpolynomial residues. The treatment is readily applicable to other scaling and fixed q2 sum rules needing regulation. A compendium of these is given.
Narratives of Nationalism: Constructing Irish National Identity during the Land War, 1879–82

This paper explores the process of Irish national identity construction during the Land War of 1879-1882. I take a social constructivist approach to nationalism and a narrative approach to national identity construction, and focus on the discursive struggle between the various, and often conflicting, groups that constituted the land movement. After decades of self-defeating struggle between conflicting nationalist factions, the Land War provided the 'political field' on which a unified national identity emerged from public discourse over landlordism and British domination, and collective action based on new symbolic understandings. At the core of both Land War ideology and the emergent national identity was a discourse of retribution, configured through the collective sharing of narratives, embodying central themes of the injustice of British and landlord domination, and the rights of the Irish to the land and the country.
Black-hole collisions from Brill-Lindquist initial data: Predictions of perturbation theory.

The Misner initial value solution for two momentarily stationary black holes has been the focus of much numerical study. We report here analytic results for an astrophysically similar initial solution, that of Brill and Lindquist (BL). Results are given from perturbation theory for initially close holes and are compared with available numerical results. A comparison is made of the radiation generated from the BL and the Misner initial values, and the physical meaning is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Optical sensing systems based on biomolecular recognition of recombinant proteins

SIte-directed mutagenesis and the associated site-specific fluorescent labeling of proteins can be used to rationally design reagentless fluorescent molecular senors. The phosphate binding protein (PBP) and calmodulin (CaM) bind to phosphate and calcium in a highly specific manner. These ions induce a hinge motion in the proteins, and the resultant conformational change constitutes the basis of the sensor development. By labeling each protein at a specific site with environment-sensitive fluorescent probes, these conformational changes can be monitored and related to the amount of analyte ion present. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction was used to construct mutants of PBP and CaM that have a single cysteine at positions 197 and 109, respectively. Each protein was site-specifically labeled through the sulfhydryl group of the introduced cysteine residue at a single location with an environment-sensitive fluorescent probe. Characterization of the steady-state fluorescence indicated an enhancement of signal intensity upon binding of the analyte ion. Highly sensitive and selective and selective sensing systems for phosphate and calcium were obtained by using this approach.
Arne Naess, Val Plumwood, and Deep Ecological Subjectivity: A Contribution to the "Deep Ecology-Ecofeminism Debate"

Karen Warren's recent essay, "Ecofeminist Philosophy and Deep Ecology," begins by noting that the philosophical positions found under the heading "deep ecology" are anything but monolithic. This point, which has been overlooked by deep ecologists as often as by others, is crucial for those who are interested in the "deep ecology-ecofeminism debate," for just as one must specify which of the ecofeminisms are in question, so too one must be clear about which of the deep ecologies is being debated, if one is to make one's way through the complex relationships between them. In the course of her article, Warren recounts with approval Val Plumwood's "Nature, Self and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosophy, and the Critique of Rationalism," an essay which locates, discusses, and critiques three versions of the "self" that various deep ecologists offer. In light of Plumwood's comments, Warren argues that the work of Arne Naess differs significantly from other deep ecologists such that "Naess' deep ecology position is or could be compatible with ecofeminism" (Warren 1999, 255).
The Case for Noncognitive Determinants of Attitude: A Critique of Fishbein and Middlestadt

In this article, we raise several concerns regarding Fishbein and Middlestadt's (F & M; 1995) analysis of noncognitive attitudinal effects. First, we question F & M's focus on correlational evidence and review experimental evidence concerning non-cognitive influences on attitudes that are immune to F & M's criticisms. Second, we note the potential for interpretations of the F & M findings that sustain the possibility of the influence of noncognitive factors in attitude formation. In making a case for noncognitive effects on attitude, we recommend an increased emphasis on identifying the particular processes by which such effects might occur.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NORMAL FELINE RENAL VASCULAR ANATOMY WITH DUAL‐PHASE CT ANGIOGRAPHY

Helical computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the renal vascular anatomy of potential feline renal donors. One hundred and fourteen computed tomography angiograms were reviewed. The vessels were characterized as single without bifurcation, single with bifurcation, double, or triple. Multiplicity was most commonly seen for the right renal vein (45/114 vs. 3/114 multiple left renal veins, 0/114 multiple right renal arteries, and 8/114 multiple left renal arteries). The right kidney was 13.3 times more likely than the left to have multiple renal veins. Additional vascular variants included double caudal vena cava and an accessory renal artery. For the left kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 92% of 74 cats. For the right kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 6/6 cats. Our findings of renal vascular anatomy variations in cats were similar to previous reports in humans. Identifying and recognizing the pattern of distribution of these vessels is important when performing renal transplantation.
Transient optical response of quantum well excitons to intense few-cycle terahertz pulses

Interaction of strong few-cycle THz pulses with QW excitons produces pronounced nonlinear optical transients. With THz radiation tuned near the 1s-to-2p intraexciton transition, the exciton resonances exhibit Rabi sidebands revealing the 2p-dephasing time.
Variation in the response of T cells to concanavalin A after in vitro exposure to benzo[A]pyrene and 2-aminofluorene.

AbstractThe ability of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and its metabolites to be immunosuppressive has been well documented by many investigators. The arylamine, 2-aminofluorene (AF) and its metabolic intermediates have not been as widely studied in this regard. Here, we investigate the effect of BP, 3-hydroxy-BP (3-OH-BP), AF, N-hydroxy-AF (N-OH-AF) and acetyl-AF (AAF) on T-cell proliferation using the T-cell mitogen, Concanavalin A (ConA). These compounds as well as BP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) were also used to determine their effect on T-cell-mitogen binding. Both AF and BP are substrates for the P-450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase enzyme system, which can be induced with s-naphthoflavone (sNF). We incubated snF with BP and AF to determine the effect of a P-450 inducer on BP and AF mediated-ConA suppression. Here we demonstrate that BP, 3-OH-BP, AF, and AAF are able to suppress the proliferative response to ConA, while N-OH-AF cannot. Further, we show that BP, 3...
Multilayer Fe/Cu Films

Multilayer films consisting of alternating Fe and Cu thin films have been made by a twin-gun sputtering device with a rotating substrate platform. Both proportional modulated films and films with a fixed Cu layer have been fabricated, where the Fe layer has been varied between 10 and 150 A. These films have been studied by x-ray diffraction, Mo;ssbauer spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry. Thin Fe layers with thicknesses less than 25 A, exist only as fee α-Fe. Thicker Fe layers contain both bec and fee Fe. The interface between Fe and Cu appears very sharp with no evidence of Fe-Cu alloys. The α-Fe state orders magnetically below 100 K with a small magnetic moment.
Separation and characterization of stress levels and texture in metal sheet and plate. II. Rolled copper sheet experiment

In this paper, we compared elastic shear moduli determined by EMAT techniques to x-ray pole figure measurements for three lots of rolled copper sheet. All moduli (C′44,C′55,C′66) decreased with rolling reduction to more than −10% for a 90% rolling reduction and the difference betweenC 44 andC 55 increased with developing in-plane anisotropy as predicted in Part 1. Pole figures of (111) and (200) planes revealed various initial textures for the starting annealed plates, and (111) pole rotation toward a single well-defined preferred orientation at large rolling reductions. Stress relief annealing of a heavily cold rolled plate produced no significant changes in elastic moduli while hardness decreased, thus indicating that textural changes were responsible for the observed moduli changes.
A production system for speech understanding

A production system was developed for syntactic and semantic processing within the Hearsay-II speech understanding system. The major properties of the system are discussed, including (1) conversion of static language descriptions into productions, (2) compilation and data-directed execution of productions, (3) dynamically modifiable thresholds on goodness of pattern matches, (4) partial matching, and (5) representation and integration of bottom-up, top-down and horizontal searches. Several weaknesses of the production system paradigm in this application appeared during the course of this research. These arose from (1) the arbitrariness of canonical decompositions of patterns into subpatterns, (2) insufficient use of contextually confirming evidence for individual hypotheses due to the narrowness (literality) of monitored conditions, and (3) difficulty in evaluating the varying import of the same generic action in different contexts. Thus, while the uniformity and lack of explicit organization of production systems are touted as their most desirable features, attendant difficulties of dynamically organizing and controlling coherent problem solutions must be seriously considered in problem domains requiring careful allocation of computational resources.
Paramagnetic resonance of V4+ in tetragonal GeO2☆

Abstract Anisotropic g and A tensors are found for V 4+ in single crystal tetragonal GeO 2 . The orbital mixing parameter λ , normalized radial average 〈1/ r 3 〉/ N and core polarization x / N are calculated, and λ is not anomalously low as reported from polycrystalline measurements.
Comparison of solvent performance for CO2 capture from coal-derived flue gas: A pilot scale study

Abstract The performance of a proprietary solvent (CAER-B2), an amine-carbonate blend, for the absorption of CO2 from coal-derived flue gas is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) under similar experimental conditions in a 0.1 MWth pilot plant. The evaluation was done by comparing the carbon capture efficiency, the overall mass transfer rates, and the energy of regeneration of the solvents. For similar carbon loadings of the solvents in the scrubber, comparable mass transfer rates were obtained. The rich loading obtained for the blend was 0.50 mol CO2/mol amine compared to 0.44 mol CO2/mol amine for MEA. The energy of regeneration for the blend was about 10% lower than that of 30 wt% MEA. At optimum conditions, the blend shows promise in reducing the energy penalty associated with using industry standard, MEA, as a solvent for CO2 capture.
Extreme ultraviolet coatings for the next generation lithography

Extreme ultraviolet lithography is currently the leading candidate for next generation lithography. This technology requires near quarter-wave stacks Mo/Si multilayers deposited on the optical surfaces to reflect light in the 13-nm wavelength region at normal incidence.
Current knowledge of scoliosis in physical therapy students trained in the United States.

Methods A 10-question survey, which included knowledge of 2011 SOSORT Guidelines, was developed for this study. The sample selected for this study included 130 randomly selected physical therapy schools offering the Doctor of Physical Therapy degree in the United States. Physical therapy program directors receiving the research study invitation were asked to forward the anonymous online survey link (Qualtrics Survey Research Suite, Provo, UT) to students meeting the inclusion criteria. The details of the number of students who actually received the study invitation are unknown. The survey link closed after 4-weeks of data collection.
Malleability of Gender Role Attitudes and Gendered Messages in Couple and Relationship Education

Gender role attitudes influence couple functioning and quality. However, few studies have examined within-person attitudinal change across life events because gender role attitudes are generally considered stable constructs. Emerging research rooted in theory shows evidence of gender role attitude malleability in adulthood. This study examines whether and how couple and relationship education (CRE) influences gender role attitudes. Although CRE is meant to promote relational skill-building, different CRE curricula appear to contain divergent gendered messages. This study found significant shifts in gender role attitudes reported by participants after engaging in CRE. Some shifts were more egalitarian; other shifts were more traditional. The shifts were based on the curriculum which was either Mastering the Mysteries of Love or Basic Training for Couples. Implications for practice are presented.
Oppression, Autonomy and the Impossibility of the Inner Citadel

This paper argues for a conception of autonomy that takes social oppression seriously without sapping autonomy of its valuable focus on individual self-direction. Building on recent work in relational accounts of autonomy, the paper argues that current conceptions of autonomy from liberal, feminist and critical theorists do not adequately account for the social features of belief formation. The paper then develops an alternative conception of relational autonomy that focuses on how autonomy contains both individualistic and social epistemic features. Rather than consider autonomy to reside in an impenetrable inner citadel, a place immune from external influences, the paper argues that we must acknowledge the hermeneutic relationship between individual and social processes of belief adjudication. Taking such an argument seriously results in the need to alter our conception of autonomy and the schooling needed to foster its growth.