cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
in vitro egg production by the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosomes infect over 200 million people. The prodigious egg output of these parasites is the sole driver of pathology due to infection, yet our understanding of their sexual reproduction is limited because egg production is not sustained for more than a few days in vitro. Here, we describe culture conditions that support schistosome sexual development and sustained egg production in vitro. Female schistosomes rely on continuous pairing with male worms to fuel the maturation of their reproductive organs. Exploiting these new culture conditions we explore the process of male-stimulated female maturation and demonstrate that physical contact with a male worm, and not insemination, is sufficient to induce female development and the production of viable parthenogenetic haploid embryos. Furthermore, we show that RNAi can be used to robustly perturb the maintenance of the female reproductive system and blunt egg production in vitro. Taken together, these results provide a platform to study the fascinating sexual biology of these parasites on a molecular level, perhaps illuminating new strategies to control schistosome egg production.
Effects of Resistance Training on Vascular and Hemodynamic Responses in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adjunctive resistance training (RT) in aerobically trained patients with coronary artery disease on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE; using the traditional 6-to-20 scale), and rate-pressure product (RPP) responses to lifting fixed submaximal workloads. Additionally, pretest and posttest RT measures of brachial artery reactivity were obtained. Method: Fifteen patients with coronary artery disease (Mage = 66.1 ± 5.1 years) who were already performing regular aerobic exercise completed an adjunctive 12-week progressive RT program. Prior to and immediately after the training period, hemodynamic responses and RPE were obtained while participants performed one set of exercises including the bicep curl (BC), shoulder press (SP), and leg press (LP) at individually determined fixed submaximal loads, using ~ 60% to 80% of estimated maximal voluntary contraction. Vascular function was assessed b...
Proximity Operations about and Identification of Non-Cooperative Resident Space Objects Using Stereo Imaging

Abstract Effective space situational awareness/battlespace awareness (SSA/BA) requires determination of resident space object (RSO) characteristics. Responsive SSA can often be enhanced with the use of small inspector satellites due to their relative ease to integrate and launch, coupled with their low cost. However, small satellites are often constrained by their inherent limits on power, mass, volume, Δ V, and processor capabilities. Inspection missions are further complicated when the RSO is un/noncooperative (nRSO). In such cases, the inspector must execute its mission without the benefit of GPS data from the nRSO, beacons/reflectors on the nRSO, or any a priori information about the nRSO. Radar and LiDAR systems can be effective, but often require excessive power and volume for use on a small satellite. Furthermore, in uncooperative scenarios, detection of the inspector spacecraft by the RSO may be undesirable. The Missouri University of Science and Technology's Satellite Research team (M-SAT) has been developing a technology demonstration mission that uses two cameras configured as a stereoscopic imager sensor that can provide the relative state of an nRSO in near real-time. The mission is composed of two microsatellites: MR SAT as the inspector and MRS SAT as the nRSO. The mission goal is to demonstrate that the stereoscopic imager can be used for both autonomous proximity operations as well as providing images that can used to determine characteristics of an nRSO including rendering a three-dimensional reconstruction of the nRSO.
Viren der bakterien und archaeen

Bakterien und Archaeen sind die beiden prokaryotischen Domanen des Lebens, die Zellen besitzen also keinen Zellkern. Mit Bakterien ist eigentlich jeder vertraut, wahrend die Archaeen weniger bekannt sind. Archaeen kommen uberall in der Umwelt vor, etwa im menschlichen Darm, einige leben unter extremen Bedingungen, etwa in heisen Quellen oder in hochgradig sauren, salzhaltigen Umgebungen und in ozeanischen hydrothermalen Spalten. Die Viren der Bakterien bezeichnet man haufig als Bakteriophagen („Bakterienfresser“), da die Viren ihre bakteriellen Wirte sehr schnell abtoten konnen, wobei viele das auch nicht tun und fur ihren Wirt von Nutzen sind. Hier beschreiben wir eine Reihe von Viren der Bakterien und Archaeen, die bedeutende Werkzeuge in der Molekularbiologie geworden sind, sowie andere, die bei bakteriellen Krankheiten des Menschen eine Rolle spielen, und ein Virus, das fur die Aufrechterhaltung der Energiekreislaufe in den Meeren wichtig ist.
17.5 A 0.8mm 3 Ultrasonic Implantable Wireless Neural Recording System With Linear AM Backscattering

Miniaturization of implantable neural recording systems to micron-scale volumes will enable minimally invasive implantation and alleviate cortical scarring, gliosis, and resulting signal degradation. Ultrasound (US) power transmission has been demonstrated to have high efficiency and low tissue attenuation for mm-scale implants at depth in tissue [1, 2, 3], but has not been demonstrated with precision recording circuitry. We present an US implantable wireless neural recording system scaled to 0.8mm3, verified to safely operate at 5cm depth with state of the art neural recording performance an average circuit power dissipation of 13μW, and 28.8μW including power conversion efficiency. Sub-mm scale is achieved through single-link power and communication on a single piezocrystal (Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT) utilizing linear analog backscattering, small die area, and eliminating all other off-chip components.
Focus on Classification: Ornithology 1800–1820

Brisson and Buffon had helped to bring ornithology out of a general cultural context, which included everything from cookbooks to encyclopedias, and implicitly defined it as the scientific study of birds. In so doing they emphasized external morphology, natural history, iconography, nomenclature and classification. Brisson’s ornithology, conceived from the vantage point of a collection catalogue, focused primarily on external morphology and classification, whereas Buffon’s nine volumes were part of a general natural history, which originally was intended to cover all of its branches and consequently attempted a much broader sweep. Brisson and Buffon did not establish a scientific discipline, but they did demonstrate an approach to birds that was popularized, copied, and developed. In the two decades immediately following the appearance of Buffon’s Histoire naturelle des oiseaux the quantity and quality of ornithological publications increased. In part this development had been stimulated by the work that had just been done; in part it was a response to the arrival of exotic material and the potential of regional faunas which made the study exciting and fruitful.
Game, Set, Math

We describe the card game SET, and discuss interesting mathematical properties of the game that illustrate ideas from group theory, linear algebra, discrete geometry, and computational complexity. ...
Regional Planning of Mental Health Services: An Illinois Case Example

Now that Reagan has ended a twenty-year pattern of federal involvement in setting mental health policy priorities, states must develop models for implementing and maintaining services to the mentally ill. The Illinois model of regional offices which plan and monitor programs is described. A case example showing how one such office developed services in a minority community is given. Examples of the work of other offices illustrate the flexibility of this model in meeting special community needs. With the Reagan administration's shift of the federal mental health funding to a block grant to each state, we need to look more closely at models for state roles in the mental health delivery system. Illinois provides a timely example because of its history of funding mental health services in the community and because of its relative lack of reliance on federal dollars. By 1980 half of the mental health catchment areas in the United States received federal funds (Neigher, et al., 1982). Only a third of the catchment areas in Illinois received federal funding, but all had some state-funded mental health services. This paper will briefly review the structure of services in Illinois from the 1960s to 1983. Illinois used a model of regional state offices to promote continuity of care between stateoperated hospitals and voluntary community services and to facilitate monitoring and accountability of state funds. The work of one such regional office in developing the delivery system in a minority community will be considered as a case study. To highlight how regional offices can tailor their work to the specific needs of the community, examples will be given of the work of two other offices. The changes instituted in early 1983 will be described and their potential limitations discussed. Finally, the applicability of the Illinois regional model for the current national situation will be discussed. Under Reagan's new federalism, the states have assumed responsibility for federal mental health, health and social service block grants, all at reduced funding. States should be considering models that can take into account the differing needs of various regions and communities and confront competition among various service providers for decreasing
Eulepton Burkei Riley (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a New Genus and Species of Eumolpine Leaf Beetle from Western Texas

Eulepton burkei Riley, a new genus and new species of eumolpine leaf beetle from the Trans-Pecos Region of western Texas, is described and illustrated. The lspecies' systematic placement is proposed, and a discussion of the unusual character states possessed by the new genus is presented.
Submillimeter-wave antennas on thin membranes

Submillimeter-wave antennas have been fabricated on 1-micron thick silicon-oxynitride membranes. This approach results in better patterns than previous lens-coupled antennas, and eliminates the dielectric loss associated with the substrate lens. Measurements on a wideband log-periodic antenna at 700 GHz, 370 GHz and 167 GHz show no sidelobes and 3-dB beamwidths between 40 and 60 deg. A linear imaging array has similar patterns at 700 GHz. Possible applications for membrane antennas include wideband superconducting tunnel-junction receivers for radio astronomy and imaging arrays for radiometry and plasma diagnostics.
Use of metabolic syndrome severity to assess treatment with vitamin E and pioglitazone for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background and aim Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to liver failure, requires liver biopsies to follow and is difficult to treat. Our goal was to assess metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity as a predictor of treatment success and a marker of response. Methods We assessed data from the Pioglitazone, Vitamin E, or Placebo for NASH Study, in which individuals with biopsy-confirmed NASH were randomized to receive pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for 96 weeks. We assessed associations of a sex-specific and race/ethnicity-specific MetS severity Z-score (MetS-Z) at baseline and 48 weeks with biopsy-determined endpoint of NASH resolution at 96 weeks. Results Baseline MetS-Z was inversely associated with odds of NASH resolution (odds ratio [OR] per 1 SD of MetS-Z: 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28, 0.79). Decrease in MetS-Z during initial 48-week intervention was greatest for pioglitazone treatment (effect size: -0.31, 95% CI -0.15, -0.48) and for vitamin E tended toward being greater for those with versus without NASH resolution (-0.18 vs -0.05). Overall, 48-week change in MetS-Z was associated with NASH resolution (OR per 1-SD change: 0.53, 95% CI 0.33, 0.85), although this was attenuated in models that included transaminases, which remained linked to treatment success (OR by change-in-aspartate aminotransferase Z-score: 0.38, 95% CI 0.19, 0.76). Conclusions Individuals with more severe metabolic derangement at baseline were less likely to exhibit NASH resolution, suggesting that individuals may have a threshold of MetS severity beyond which successful treatment is unlikely. As an integrated marker of metabolic abnormalities, MetS-Z was correlated with successful treatment, although transaminases were a more consistent marker of NASH resolution.
The Politics-Administration Dichotomy in Time of Global Crisis: Neutral Competence or Cadre Organizations

The 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) placed enormous pressures on local, regional, and national governments to remain responsive, transparent, and equitable when developing solutions to protect the public. The focus of this article is an examination of these challenges, the lack of preparedness, and the resulting response to Covid-19 through the lens of the politics-administration dichotomy. Despite the fact that China does not practice a Weberian democratic form of government that divided the politics of governing from the administration of government thought essential for national development, the nation has managed to become a global economic powerhouse. Through a high degree of centralization and control, China has implemented market-based economic reforms synchronous with sustained socialist practices. However, this system presents unique challenges for effective governance, and when Covid-19 first appeared in China the government was not prepared for the scale of the emergency that would ensue. Some of these challenges are the result of the governmental system in China, the role of the Chinese Communist Party and local cadre organizations. For China to continue to grow as a global leader, leadership will need to promote liberalization of governance structures and greater separation between the politics of governing and the administration of governing. Despite considerable pressure by the United States on corporations and other governments to disentangle themselves from China, Western investment by multinational corporations that disregard human rights abuses, along with a Chinese government that continues to limit access to information, makes this scenario unlikely.
Longitudinal Associations Between Parental SES and Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life Using Growth Curve Modeling

We evaluate how two aspects of socioeconomic status, parental objective and subjective social status, are associated with health-related quality of life in three racial/ethnic groups during pre- to mid-adolescent development, using growth curve modeling. In a longitudinal cohort study, 4,048 Black, Latinx, or White adolescents were assessed in 5th, 7th and 10th grade. Objective social status (OSS) was based on parent-reported highest household educational attainment and total household income, and subjective social status (SSS) was measured with the MacArthur Scale, through which parents indicated their social standing in reference to community and national norms. Adolescents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory to measure their physical and psychosocial health-related quality of life. Based on growth curve modeling of the intercept, adolescents whose parents have higher OSS levels reported better health-related quality of life, whereas parental SSS was not associated with adolescent health-related quality of life in 5th grade. These findings were largely consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Based on growth curve modeling of the developmental slopes (or growth curves), higher objective social status was associated with a slower positive growth of health-related quality of life from 5th to 10th grade, which was largely consistent across racial/ethnic groups. The opposite appeared for parental SSS and physical health-related quality of life, and only for Latinx, where higher parental perceived social status was associated with an acceleration of positive change. Family income and education may influence health-related quality of life at the start of adolescence, but its effect appears to diminish as youth mature. However, in Latinx youth, parents’ perceived social status may continue to influence improvement in their physical health-related quality of life as they mature.
Counting and the ontogenetic origins of exact equality.

Abstract Humans are unique in their capacity to both represent number exactly and to express these representations symbolically. This correlation has prompted debate regarding whether symbolic number systems are necessary to represent large exact number. Previous work addressing this question in innumerate adults and semi-numerate children has been limited by conflicting results and differing methodologies, and has not yielded a clear answer. We address this debate by adapting methods used with innumerate populations (a “set-matching” task) for 3- to 5-year-old US children at varying stages of symbolic number acquisition. In five studies we find that children's ability to match sets exactly is related not simply to knowing the meanings of a few number words, but also to understanding how counting is used to generate sets (i.e., the cardinal principle). However, while children were more likely to match sets after acquiring the cardinal principle, they nevertheless demonstrated failures, compatible with the hypothesis that the ability to reason about exact equality emerges sometime later. These findings provide important data on the origin of exact number concepts, and point to knowledge of a counting system, rather than number language in general, as a key ingredient in the ability to reason about large exact number.
Molten Salt Flux Composition Effects in Aluminum Scrap Remelting

The mechanism of the empirically proven effectiveness of the use of salt fluxes to improve metal recovery in aluminum scrap remelting is not well understood. The effect on coalescence of increased fluoride concentration in the flux was studied in the absence of high oxide concentration. The physical and chemical interaction of well—defined oxide skins with these fluoride—containing fluxes was observed and analyzed using high speed photography and scanning electron microscopy.
Management of Dynamic Location Information in DOMINO

Consider a database that represents information about moving objects and their location. For example, for a database representing the location of taxi-cabs a typical query may be: retrieve the free cabs that are currently within 1 mile of 33 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago (to pick-up a customer); or for a trucking company database a typical query may be: retrieve the trucks that are currently within 1 mile of truck ABT312 (which needs assistance); or for a database representing the current location of objects in a battlefield a typical query may be: retrieve the friendly helicopters that are in a given region, or, retrieve the friendly helicopters that are expectedto enter the region within the next 10 minutes. The queries may originate from the moving objects, or from stationary users. We will refer to applications with the above characteristics as moving-objects-database (MOD) applications, and to queries as the ones mentioned above as MOD queries. In the military MOD applications arise in the context of the digital battlefield (c.f [1]), and in the civilian industry they arise in transportation systems. For example, Omnitracs developed by Qualcomm (see [3]) is a commercial system used by the transportation industry, which enables MOD functionality. It provides location management by connecting vehicles (e.g. trucks), via satellites, to company databases. The vehicles are equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS), and they automatically and periodically report their location.
Controller Reduction by Direct Feed-Through

This paper deals with the reduction of the order of controllers. The approach suggested herein is to introduce a static feed-through between the measurement residual and the control signals, in order to render any preselected eigenvalues of the given controller unobservable. and/or uncontrollable. The resulting reduced controllers preserve the stability of the closed loop system. Such order-reducing feed-through loops are parametrized.
Shock-initiation of a plane detonation wave

Description mathematique des premieres etapes de l'evolution d'une onde plane de detonation amorcee par le passage d'un choc fort. Comportement des gaz avant la detonation
Factors affecting high school teacher adoption, sustainability, and fidelity to the "Youth@Work: Talking Safety" curriculum.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to identify individual- and organizational-level factors that affect high school teacher adoption, sustainability, and fidelity to the occupational safety and health curriculum, "[email protected]/* */: Talking Safety." METHODS: We analyzed survey data collected from 104 high school teachers across the US who were trained in the curriculum since 2004. Linear and Cox regression were used to examine bivariate associations between individual and organizational-level factors and the outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Except for perceived complexity, all individual-level factors (acceptance, enthusiasm, teaching methods fit, and self-efficacy) were associated with one or more outcomes of interest (P-values ranged from CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the literature, individual-level factors influenced teacher adoption and, to a lesser extent, sustainability, and fidelity to the [email protected]/* */: Talking Safety curriculum and should be considered in attempts to promote the curriculum's use in high schools. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Autogenous regulation of histone mRNA decay by histone proteins in a cell-free system.

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that histone mRNA turnover is accelerated in the presence of free histone proteins. In an in vitro mRNA decay system, histone mRNA was degraded four- to sixfold faster in reaction mixtures containing core histones and a cytoplasmic S130 fraction than in reaction mixtures lacking these components. The decay rate did not change significantly when histones or S130 was added separately, suggesting either that the histones were modified and thereby activated by S130 or that additional factors besides histones were required. RecA, SSB (single-stranded binding), and histone proteins all formed complexes with histone mRNA, but only histones induced accelerated histone mRNA turnover. Therefore, the effect was not the result of random RNA-protein interactions. Moreover, histone proteins did not induce increased degradation of gamma globin mRNA, c-myc mRNA, or total poly(A)- or poly(A)+ polysomal mRNAs. This autoregulatory mechanism is consistent with the observed accumulation of cytoplasmic histone proteins in cells after DNA synthesis stops, and it can account, in part, for the rapid disappearance of histone mRNA at the end of S phase.
Clinical cancer advances 2009: Major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening -A report from the American Society of Clinical Oncology

A MESSAGE FROM ASCO'S PRESIDENT As this report demonstrates—and as history shows—investment in clinical cancer research pays off. Since 1990, cancer mortality rates have declined by 15%. Today, two thirds of patients survive at least 5 years after diagnosis, compared with just half of patients 40 years ago. Patient quality of life has improved dramatically. In addition, thanks to basic research advances, we are entering an era of personalized cancer medicine, in which treatment is tailored to the unique genetics of the individual. Clinical cancer research is finally receiving an urgently needed boost in investment. For the first time in 5 years, federal funding for research has increased. The economic stimulus package infused billions into short-term biomedical research projects, and President Obama has pledged to invest in “a cure for cancer in our time.” However, despite this progress, cancer remains the number-two killer of Americans. Incidence is projected to nearly double by 2020 as the population gr...
Use of semantic feature analysis in group aphasia treatment

Background: Semantic feature analysis (SFA) is a treatment for lexical retrieval impairment in which participants are cued to provide semantic information about concepts they have difficulty naming in an effort to facilitate accurate lexical retrieval (Boyle, 2004b). The majority of studies of SFA have concentrated on single‐word training, with inconsistent generalisation of improved lexical retrieval to connected speech. Expansion of SFA training in discourse has yielded modest success in the context of individual treatment, but has not been examined in the context of group treatment. Aims: The aim of the current study was to investigate training of SFA in connected speech during group aphasia treatment, which provides a natural context for analysing the effectiveness of discourse production, as well as representing an increasingly popular model of service delivery for aphasia treatment. It was hypothesised that lexical retrieval during discourse would improve, as would overall communication informativen...
Proteins of the hepatoma tissue culture cell plasma membrane.

The specificity of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination for the proteins of the hepatoma tissue culture cell plasma membrane was examined by histochemical, biochemical, and cell fractionation techniques. Light microscope autoradiography of sectioned cells shows the incorporated label to be localized primarily at the periphery of the cell. Most of this label can be released from the cell by trypsin but not by collagenase or hyaluronidase. The label is recovered from the cells as either monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine after hydrolysis of cell extracts with a mixture of proteolytic enzymes. The label co-purifies during cell fractionation with an authentic liver cell plasma membrane marker enzyme, 5′-nucleotidase. Thus, the incorporated iodide is itself a valid marker for those membrane polypeptides having tyrosine residues accessible to the lactoperoxidase. The polypeptide complexity of the purified plasma membrane was examined by high resolution dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 50 polypeptides in the membrane are accessible to iodination. These polypeptides probably represent the bulk of the protein mass of the membrane and iodinating them does not affect cell viability, growth rate, or cell function. Labeling experiments with fucose and glucosamine show that at least nine of the iodinated peptides may be glycoproteins.
Differential effects of sphingomyelinase and cell-permeable ceramide analogs on proliferation of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.

Abstract Metabolites of sphingomyelin, ceramide and sphingosine, have previously been implicated in cell growth regulation. Here we show that cell-permeable ceramide analogs and treatment with sphingomyelinase, which hydrolyzes sphingomyelin located on the outer leaflet of the bilayer, increase the progression of quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts through the S phase of the cell cycle leading to an increase in cell division. Although both potentiate the mitogenic effects of several growth factors [14] , sphingomyelinase treatment antagonized the mitogenic effect of the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), while ceramide analogs had no effect, and sphingosine, a further metabolite of ceramide, potentiated the mitogenic effect of TPA. Concomitantly, sphingomyelinase, but not ceramide analogs, blunted the rapid increase in membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) activity induced by TPA without affecting the translocation of PKCα, δ, ϵ or ζ isoforms. Moreover, in contrast to sphingosine which activates phospholipase D (PLD) leading to an increase in phosphatidic acid levels, sphingomyelinase, but not ceramide analogs, reduced TPA-stimulated PLD activity. Our results suggest that the signaling pathways utilized by sphingomyelinase differ from those of cell-permeable ceramide analogs, and both act differently than sphingosine. The differential effects of exogenous short-chain ceramide analogs and sphingomyelinase call for caution in using these analogs as tools to study the role of ceramide in diverse cellular functions.
Uterine Artery Anatomy Relevant to Uterine Leiomyomata Embolization

To categorize the anatomic variants of uterine arteries, and determine the incidence of menopausal symptoms where the tubo-ovarian branches were seen prior to embolization. Between July 1997 and June 2000, 257 (n = 257) uterine fibroid embolizations were performed at our institution. Arteriograms were retrospectively evaluated. Uterine arteries were classified into groups: type I (the uterine artery as first branch of the inferior gluteal artery), type II (the uterine artery as second or third branch of the inferior gluteal artery), type III (the uterine artery, the inferior gluteal and the superior gluteal arteries arising as a trifurcation), type IV (the uterine artery as first branch of the hypogastric artery), inconclusive, or not studied. Tubo-ovarian branches were recorded if visualized prior to and/or after embolization. Menopausal symptoms were recorded (n = 175 at 3 months, n = 139 at 6 months, n = 98 at 1 year, n = 22 at 2 years) using written questionnaires. Five hundred and fourteen uterine arteries (n = 514) were evaluated. There were 38% classifiable types, 23% inconclusive, and 39% not studied. Classification was as follows: type I, 45%; type II, 6%; type III, 43%; type IV, 6%. Among 256 patients, tubo-ovarian arteries were seen in 36 prior to embolization, but not afterwards. In this group, 25 patients reported transient menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, amenorrhea). Five patients did not report any menopausal symptoms. Six patients did not answer the questionnaires. Type I is the most common type of anatomy, followed by type III. The tubo-ovarian arteries may be visualized prior to and/or after embolization. The embolization was monitored to avoid embolization of the tubo-ovarian branches. Menopausal symptoms were transient all patients when the tubo-ovarian branches were seen prior to embolization.
Mood state-dependent retentio using identical or non-identical mood inductions at learning and recall

The most directly relevant evidence in favour of mood state-dependent retention (SDR) has confounded matching of mood at learning and recall with matching of mood-induction procedure. In this study 157 college students participated in a two (same vs. different mood at learning and free recall of neutral words) by two (same vs. different type of mood induction at learning and recall) experiment. Recall did not significantly differ among the groups. Use of neutral material might have precluded finding effects of mood on memory, but neutral material is optimal for separating mood SDR from mood-congruent retrieval.
Chemical constraints on the evolution of olfactory communication channels of moths

Abstract It is estimated there are over 100,000 moth species (Lepidoptera) that produce sex pheromones comprising communication channels used in specific-mate-recognition systems (SMRS) involved in pre-zygotic mating isolation and speciation. About 1572 moth species have been found to use 377 pheromone components, the majority being alcohols, aldehydes or acetate esters of olefinic chains of 10–22 carbons. Since there are limited numbers of possible unsaturated (double bonded) E - and Z -configured isomers of these chains, there may be constraints on incipient species evolving new pheromone components, especially if they are utilized by existing species. Here I develop algorithms that count and name all possible structures of chains with or without a functional group. The results show that for acetate esters there are only seven or nine monounsaturated isomers of six or seven carbon chains, respectively, suggesting use of these compounds could limit the number of communication channels available for radiation of new species (no moths use these short chains). For commonly used 14-carbon chains with an acetate ester functional group, and 1–3 unsaturations, there are 1039 isomers. A total of 2,096,883 isomers were counted from all multiply unsaturated 10–22-carbon chain acetate esters. The number of possible signals quickly extends into millions when considering pheromone blends of 2–4 components used by most species. There should be little chemical constraint on evolution of new communication channels based on compounds of 10 or more carbons, even for closely related species (e.g. ermine moths, Yponomeuta ).
Leveraging Hybrid Hardware in New Ways - The GPU Paging Cache

Modern server and desktop systems combine multiple computational cores and accelerator devices into a hybrid architecture. GPUs as one class of such devices provide dedicated processing power and memory capacities for data parallel computation of 2D and 3D graphics. Although these cards have demonstrated their applicability in a variety of areas, they are almost exclusively used by special purpose software. If such software is not running, the accelerator resources of the hybrid system remain unused. In this paper, we present an operating system extension that allows leveraging the GPU accelerator memory for operating system purposes. Our approach utilizes graphics card memory as cache for virtual memory pages, which can improve the overall system responsiveness, especially under heavy load. Our prototypical implementation for Windows proves the potential of such an approach, but identifies also significant preconditions for a widespread adoption in desktop systems.
Emergency department contrast practices for abdominal/pelvic computed tomography-a national survey and comparison with the american college of radiology appropriateness criteria(®).

Abstract Background Controversy exists regarding the need for contrast agents for emergency abdominal computed tomography (CT). Objectives We surveyed United States (US) academic Emergency Departments (EDs) to document national practice. We hypothesized variable contrast use for abdominal/pelvic CT, including variance from the American College of Radiology’s (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria®, an evidence-based guideline. Methods A survey was sent to physician leaders of US academic EDs, defined as primary site of an Emergency Medicine residency program. Respondents were asked about their institutions’ use of oral, intravenous (i.v.), and rectal contrast for various abdominal/pelvic CT indications. Responses were compared with the approach given the highest appropriateness rating by the American College of Radiology. Results One hundred and six of 152 (70%) surveys were completed. Intravenous contrast was the most frequently cited contrast. At least 90% of respondents reported using i.v. contrast in 12 of 18 indications. Oral contrast use was more variable. In no indication did ≥90% of respondents indicate use of oral contrast, and in only two indications did ≥90% avoid its use. Rectal contrast was rarely used. The most common indications for which no contrast agent was used were suspected renal colic (79%), viscus perforation (19%), penetrating abdominal trauma (18%), and blunt abdominal trauma (15%). Conclusions Contrast practices for abdominal/pelvic CT vary nationally, according to a survey of US academic EDs. For multiple indications, the contrast practices of a substantial number of respondents deviated from those recommendations given the highest clinical appropriateness rating by the American College of Radiology.
Project IMPRESS, several perspectives: Interactive computing and data analysis*

Project IMPRESS is an interactive social science data analysis system used extensively at Dartmouth College and throughout the DTSS network. The programming techniques used to make it an unobtrusive time-sharing job and the user interface design considerations used to make it a system easy for both students and experienced researchers to run are described and their pedagogical and research values discussed.
The substituted aspartate analogue l-β-threo-benzyl-aspartate preferentially inhibits the neuronal excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT3

Abstract The excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) play key roles in the regulation of CNS l -glutamate, especially related to synthesis, signal termination, synaptic spillover, and excitotoxic protection. Inhibitors available to delineate EAAT pharmacology and function are essentially limited to those that non-selectively block all EAATs or those that exhibit a substantial preference for EAAT2. Thus, it is difficult to selectively study the other subtypes, particularly EAAT1 and EAAT3. Structure activity studies on a series of β-substituted aspartate analogues identify l -β-benzyl-aspartate ( l -β-BA) as among the first blockers that potently and preferentially inhibits the neuronal EAAT3 subtype. Kinetic analysis of d -[3H]aspartate uptake into C17.2 cells expressing the hEAATs demonstrate that l -β-threo-BA is the more potent diastereomer, acts competitively, and exhibits a 10-fold preference for EAAT3 compared to EAAT1 and EAAT2. Electrophysiological recordings of EAAT-mediated currents in Xenopus oocytes identify l -β-BA as a non-substrate inhibitor. Analyzing l -β-threo-BA within the context of a novel EAAT2 pharmacophore model suggests: (1) a highly conserved positioning of the electrostatic carboxyl and amino groups; (2) nearby regions that accommodate select structural modifications (cyclopropyl rings, methyl groups, oxygen atoms); and (3) a unique region l -β-threo-BA occupied by the benzyl moieties of l -TBOA, l -β-threo-BA and related analogues. It is plausible that the preference of l -β-threo-BA and l -TBOA for EAAT3 and EAAT2, respectively, could reside in the latter two pharmacophore regions.
Communication and motivation within the superior‐subordinate dyad: Testing the conventional wisdom of volunteer management

This study examined three prevalent forms of conventional wisdom by comparing volunteers and paid employees in the following areas: (1) intrinsic motivation, (2) perceptions of supervisors’ decision‐making style, and (3) perceived compliance‐gaining communication of supervisors. Subjects (190 paid and 118 volunteer) from eight different organizations provided information regarding these areas via questionnaires distributed through their respective organizations. Results revealed that volunteers were higher in intrinsic motivation than paid employees. Supervisors of volunteers used more participative decision‐making than supervisors of paid employees. Further, volunteers were more satisfied with their supervisors’ decision‐making than were paid employees. Additionally, significant effects regarding compliance‐gaining behavior emerged as strategies emphasizing the worth of the individual, and of the work itself, were used more frequently with volunteers. However, few differences emerged between volunteers a...
RE-EVALUATION OF THERAPY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Abstract A review of results of therapy for acute myocardial infarction was undertaken because the decline in the rate of mortality from this disease has not been commensurate with the general advancement of medical technology. Conscientious general care and early chair rest are emphasized. A retrospective study of the use of anticoagulants revealed a slightly decreased incidence of thromboembolism and of mortality in the cases in which anticoagulants were used. Although anticoagulant drugs are probably of some benefit, their use should not detract from the search for better methods of salvaging life after myocardial infarction. Intensive-care units which utilize modern electronic monitoring, therapeutic devices, and medical personnel trained and drilled in the procedures for cardiac resuscitation are considered to be an urgent need. Intensive-care units are likely to be the best means now available to clinicians for decreasing the rate of mortality from acute myocardial infaction. The use of thrombolytic agents, now quite new, may become a widely employed and useful means of helping the patient who has acute myocardial infarction. At present, the need in this area is for further clarification of the biochemical effects of thrombolytic agents, the development of more practical means of administration and control of the agents, the search for improved agents, and the evaluation of thrombolytic agents in animals and in the various thromboembolic diseases of man under careful investigational conditions.
e.pluribus plures: DMAC and its Keywords

Abstract The Digital Media and Composition Institute (DMAC) offers professional development opportunities through its diverse perspectives, experiences, lessons, tools, and resources. In short, the culture of DMAC is rich and prolific. We find it difficult, then, to settle on any one characteristic that best represents what DMAC affords concerning professional development and scholarly methods. DMAC's values are skills, knowledges, and capacities that work together to form a complex exchange of professional possibilities. It is a complex endeavor. With this complexity in mind, our article explores the culture of DMAC as a circulating culture of diversity. Our multivocal essay traces keywords we associate with DMAC and its capacities for professional development. Our keywords include access, assemblage, assets, community, conversations, intensity, novice, and participation.
High efficiency resonant cavity microwave optical modulator

Modulateur de phase a des frequences jusqu'a 16,7 GHz applique a un laser dans le domaine visible. Utilisation du cristal LiTaO 3
Casein labelled with iodine-131 as a substrate for the measurement of trypsin and chymotrypsin.

THE spectrophotometrie method of Kunitz1is a marked improvement over previous methods for the measurement of trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. This procedure involves a measurement of the optical density at 280 mµ. of the trichloracetic acid-soluble products formed during the enzyme hydrolysis of casein; it becomes impractical, however, where large concentrations of 280 mµ absorbing materials are present, such as in sera. In this communication, a modification of this procedure will be described which utilizes casein labelled with iodine-131 as the substrate and the measurement of radioactivity as an estimate of enzyme activity.
Performance debugging shared memory parallel programs using run-time dependence analysis

We describe a new approach to performance debugging that focuses on automatically identifying computation transformations to reduce synchronization and communication. By grouping writes together into equivalence classes, we are able to tractably collect information from long-running programs. Our performance debugger analyzes this information and suggests computation transformations in terms of the source code. We present the transformations suggested by the debugger on a suite of four applications. For Barnes-Hut and Shallow, implementing the debugger suggestions improved the performance by a factor of 1.32 and 34 times respectively on an 8-processor IBM SP2. For Ocean, our debugger identified excess synchronization that did not have a significant impact on performance. ILINK, a genetic linkage analysis program widely used by geneticists, is already well optimized. We use it only to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach to long-running applications.We also give details on how our approach can be implemented. We use novel techniques to convert control dependences to data dependences, and to compute the source operands of stores. We report on the impact of our instrumentation on the same application suite we use for performance debugging. The instrumentation slows down the execution by a factor of between 4 and 169 times. The log files produced during execution were all less than 2.5 Mbytes in size.
Analysis of Errors in the Horizontal Divergence Derived from High Temporal Resolution of the Wind

Abstract The vorticity method is applied to determine horizontal divergence using the dynamical balance of terms in the vorticity equation. The viability of the method is analyzed in terms of dynamical approximations, sensitivity to observation and truncation errors, and numerical experiments. This analysis is also applied to the kinematic method, which calculates the horizontal divergence by adding together the, appropriate finite-difference approximations of its individual terms. The analysis of errors in the vorticity and kinematic methods is based on the accuracy of the data. It is proven analytically that errors in the divergence derived from the vorticity method are smaller than those of the kinematic method by a factor equal to the Rossby number, even though the former method involves higher-order derivatives. When a 10% random error is included, the error of the large-scale divergence in the kinematic method exceeds 100%, whereas the error derived by the vorticity method is less than 30% and is co...
Intersubunit interactions between mutant DEG/ENaCs induce synthetic neurotoxicity.

Ion channel hyperactivation can result in neuronal loss in injury, stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Acidosis-associated hyperactivation of the Degenerin/epithelial amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel (DEG/ENaC) acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), a proton-gated channel expressed in the mammalian brain, contributes significantly to neuronal loss in ischemia. Analogously, in invertebrates, genetic hyperactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory (MEC) channel (MEC-4(d)) of the DEG/ENaC ion channel superfamily induces neuronal necrosis. Similarly substituted MEC-10(d) mutant subunits of the same MEC channel are only marginally neurotoxic, and we therefore exploited the weak necrosis phenotype of mec-10(d) lines to screen for novel extragenic mutations that enhance neuronal death. Here, we report on one mec-10(d) necrosis enhancer, which we show is MEC-4 variant MEC-4(A149V). MEC-4(A149V) executes normal MEC-4 function in touch sensation and does not induce necrosis on its own, but rather combines with MEC-10(d) to create a strongly neurotoxic channel. The MEC-4(A149V)+MEC-10(d) channel conducts elevated Na+ and Ca2+ currents (with a disproportionate increase in Ca2+ current) in the Xenopus oocyte expression system, and exhibits altered binding of the channel inhibitor amiloride. Our data document the first example of synergistically toxic intersubunit interactions in the DEG/ENaC channel class and provide evidence that Ca2+ current levels may be decisive factors in tipping the balance between neuronal survival and necrosis.
Thought-Contents and the Formal Ontology of Sense

This paper articulates a formal theory of belief incorporating three key theses: (1) belief is a dyadic relation between an agent and a property; (2) this property is not the belief's truth condition (i.e., the intuitively self-ascribed property which the agent must exemplify for the belief to be true) but is instead a certain abstract property (a “thought-content”) which contains a way of thinking of that truth condition; (3) for an agent a to have a belief “about” such-and-such items it is necessary that a possesses a language of thought, Ma, and that a (is disposed as one who) inwardly affirms a sentence of Ma in which there are terms that denote those objects.