cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deaf bodies and corporate bodies: new regimes of value in Bangalore's business process outsourcing sector

This article ethnographically analyses how groups (and not just individuals) are produced in business process outsourcing (BPO) workplaces. In order to mitigate an unstable labour pool, corporations hire deaf workers to perform identical BPO work regardless of their qualifications and backgrounds. These hiring practices serve to cement existing relationships and produce deaf workers as a group marked only by deafness. This article explores how engaging in the same work articulates with deaf young adults’ ‘sameness work’ to produce ambivalent deaf groups. It also analyses the everyday practices of deaf employees, their relationships with their normal co-workers who ‘love’ them, and the ways that value is reconfigured in the workplace through the existence of disabled workers. This article argues that in contrast to dominant representations of disabled people as unemployable, the (re)inscription of deafness as a source of multiple forms of value begs for a broader analysis of the role of disability in late capitalism. Corps sourds et corporations : nouveaux regimes de valeur dans le secteur de la sous-traitance des processus d’entreprise a Bangalore Resume L’article expose une analyse ethnographique de la facon dont les lieux de travail ou s’exerce la sous-traitance des processus d’entreprise produisent des groupes (et pas seulement des individus). Afin de limiter l’instabilite de la main-d’œuvre, les entreprises embauchent des sourds pour realiser le meme travail de sous-traitance des processus d’entreprise, sans egard pour leurs qualifications ou leurs antecedents. Ces pratiques d’embauche servent a cimenter les relations existantes et a produire des travailleurs sourds, constituant un groupe caracterise uniquement par sa surdite. Le present article examine la maniere dont la realisation du meme travail s’articule avec le « travail sur les similitudes » des jeunes adultes sourds pour produire des groupes sourds ambivalents. Il analyse en outre les pratiques quotidiennes des employes sourds, leurs relations avec leurs collegues normaux qui « les aiment » et les manieres dont cette valeur est reconfiguree sur le lieu de travail par l’existence de travailleurs handicapes. L’auteure avance que par rapport aux representations dominantes des handicapes comme inaptes au travail, la (re)inscription de la surdite comme source de multiples formes de valeur appelle une analyse plus vaste du role du handicap dans le capitalisme tardif.
Incidental processing of speaker characteristics: voice as connotative information

Two experiments were conducted to investigate how subjects remember paralinguistic speaker's voice information without apparent intent. In each experiment, 20 unrelated sentences were presented on a tape recording with a random half of the sentences spoken by either of two speakers. With the suibjects' stated task being only to remember the sentences, incidental memory for which speaker spoke which sentences was facilitated in Experiment 1 when fabricated personal histories of the speakers were presented in advance of the sentences. Voice identification was enhanced in Experiment 2 when each of the two voices was assigned a different physical source location in the room. The latter result was obtained even though the subjects showed little memory for the source-location attribute of the sentences. Both of these results provide support for the voice-connotation theory of incidental voice retention proposed by Geiselman and Bellezza, 1976 , Geiselman and Bellezza, 1977 , which holds that voice is remembered without intent because the connotation of the voice influences the meaning of what is said.
Improving community understanding of medical research: audience response technology for community consultation for exception to informed consent.

Introduction: The Department of Health and Human Services and Food and Drug Administration described guidelines for exception from informed consent (EFIC) research. These guidelines require community consultation (CC) events, which allow members of the community to understand the study, provide feedback and give advice. A real-time gauge of audience understanding would allow the speaker to modify the discussion. The objective of the study is to describe the use of audience response survey (ARS) technology in EFIC CCs. Methods: As part of the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial (RAMPART), 13 CC events were conducted. We prepared a PowerPoint™ presentation with 4 embedded ARS questions,according to specific IRB guidelines to ensure that the pertinent information would reach our targeted audience. During 6 CCs, an ARS was used to gauge audience comprehension. Participants completed paper surveys regarding their opinion of the study following each CC. Results: The ARS was used with minimal explanation and only one ARS was lost. Greater than 80% of the participants correctly answered 3 of the 4 ARS questions with 61% correctly answering the question regarding EFIC. A total of 105 participants answered the paper survey; 80-90% of the responses to the paper survey were either strongly agree or agree. The average scores on the paper survey in the ARS sites compared to the non-ARS sites were significantly more positive. Conclusion: The use of an audience response system during the community consultation aspects of EFIC is feasible and provides a real-time assessment of audience comprehension of the study and EFIC process. It may improve the community’s opinion and support of the study. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):414-418.]
Earnings management and the stock market response to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act based on a measure of competitive strategy

Purpose – Conventional wisdom implies that firms manage earnings to maximize the wealth of the manager, the value of the firm and/or the amount of information in the market. The purpose of this paper is to offer an additional explanation.Design/methodology/approach – Using companies from the Standard & Poor's 500 index and an annual report disclosure ranking, the authors employ a standard t‐test of means across groups to check for differences in disclosure based on a competitive strategy measure (CSM). The CSM classifies industry rivals into strategic complements or substitutes. The authors also test for differences in earnings management using discretionary accruals and using event study methodology examine how stock returns respond to the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act.Findings – The authors show that earnings management is a tool used by firms based on the level of competitive strategy within the industry. It was found that firms competing as strategic substitutes are more likely to actively engage in earnings man...
Getting to the Bottom Line: An Exploration of Gender and Earnings Quality

For stakeholders, such as investors and lenders, to appropriately assess a company's financial performance, the reported accounting earnings must closely reflect the economic reality of the organization's financial activity throughout the reporting period. The degree to which reported earnings capture economic reality is called earnings quality. Managers have an ethical obligation to report high quality earnings to interested stakeholders in a timely matter. Accounting research has identified conditions within an organization, such as management compensation contracts and pending litigation, that can impact earnings quality. We extend this line of research by exploring whether another characteristic of an organization, gender diversity in senior management, influences the quality of reported earnings. Companies with more women in senior management are found to be more profitable and have higher stock returns after initial public offerings than those with fewer women in the management ranks. Our findings suggest that the improved bottom line for companies with more women senior executives is not produced through the management of earnings or lower quality earnings. Instead, earnings quality is positively associated with gender diversity in senior management.
Gα12 directly interacts with PP2A: Evidence for Gα12-stimulated PP2A phosphatase activity and dephosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein, tau

The Galpha(12/13) family of heterotrimeric G proteins modulate multiple cellular processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Galpha(12/13) interact with several cytoskeletal/scaffolding proteins, and in a yeast two-hybrid screen with Galpha(12), we detected an interaction with the scaffolding subunit (Aalpha) of the Ser/Thr phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). PP2A dephosphorylates multiple substrates including tau, a microtubule-associated protein that is hyperphosphorylated in neurofibrillary tangles. The interaction of Aalpha and Galpha(12) was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation studies in transfected COS cells and by glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Galpha(12) pull-downs from cell lysates of primary neurons. The interaction was specific for Aalpha and Galpha(12) and was independent of Galpha(12) conformation. Endogenous Aalpha and Galpha(12) colocalized by immunofluorescent microscopy in Caco-2 cells and in neurons. In vitro reconstitution of GST-Galpha(12) or recombinant Galpha(12) with PP2A core enzyme resulted in approximately 300% stimulation of PP2A activity that was not detected with other Galpha subunits and was similar with GTPgammaS- and GDP-liganded Galpha(12). When tau and active kinase (Cdk5 and p25) were cotransfected in to COS cells, there was robust tau phosphorylation. Co-expression of wild type or QLalpha(12) with tau and the active kinase resulted in 60 +/- 15% reductions in tau phosphorylation. In primary cortical neurons stimulated with lysophosphatitic acid, a 50% decrease in tau phosphorylation was observed. The Galpha(12) effect on tau phosphorylation was inhibited by the PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (50 nm), in COS cells and neurons. Taken together, these findings reveal novel, direct regulation of PP2A activity by Galpha(12) and potential in vivo modulation of PP2A target proteins including tau.
Analysis of external occulters in the presence of defects

Fifty meter-class external occulters have been proposed to detect earth-like planets. The THEIA concept 1 , a forty-meter diameter occulter with twenty ten-meter petals has the necessary nominal performance to achieve this goal. This paper examines whether this design is robust against expected manufacturing and deployment errors. The development of a numerical algorithm that represents the mask defects as a collection of rectangular apertures mitigates the problems associated with modeling diffraction phenomena produced by an occulter with characteristic physical dimensions that span five orders of magnitude. The field from each of these rectangles, which is proportional to a two-dimensional sinc function at the telescope, is added to the diffracted field from the nominal occulter. Results for a set of representative defects are presented. A single-petal, single-defect error budget, based on a minimum contrast of 10 -12 at 75 or 118 milli-arcseconds from the host star from 0.3 μ to 0.9 μ, is quoted. A Monte Carlo-type simulation that predicts the performance of the occulter in the presence of random combinations of all of the error demonstrates that the system contrast can maintained to better than 10 -11 from 0.3 μ to 0.9 μ if the values in the error budget can be achieved.
COMPUTATION OF RESONANCE PARAMETERS FOR ELASTIC SCATTERING.

Abstract We propose a new method for the calculation of the energy, width, and background phase shift of resonances occurring in elastic scattering, and demonstrate its usefulness by applying it to a simple model problem.
Involvement of transfer ribonucleic acid in early reactions of polyphenylalanine synthesis.

Abstract The involvement of transfer RNA in the reactions associated with the initiation of polypeptides on ribosomes has been studied in a polyuridylic acid-directed transfer system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. It is shown that activity for these initial reactions is proportional to phenylalanine acceptance capacity in preparations of deacylated transfer RNA, and that near maximum activity is obtained at a ratio of less than 0.25 molecule of transfer RNA of the phenylalanine acceptor type per ribosome. This may reflect a specific, codon-directed interaction of deacylated transfer RNA with active ribosomes capable of synthesizing polyphenylanine. The activity of deacylated transfer RNA in these early reactions of protein synthesis shows an absolute dependence for the 3′ terminal adenosine moiety. Removal of the 3′ terminal adenosine produces transfer RNA molecules which are capable of inhibiting the initial reactions of protein synthesis. The possible significance of these reactions for the regulation of protein synthesis is discussed.
Creep buckling and postbuckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression

Abstract An infinitely long, axially compressed, circular cylindrical shell with an imperfection in the shape of the axisymmetric classical buckling mode, undergoing steady or non-steady creep, is analyzed. The axisymmetric problem is solved incrementally using nonlinear shell equations The ratio of the applied stress to the classical buckling stress determines if the shell will collapse axisymmetrically or if it will bifurcate into a nonaxisymmetric mode, and whether or not bifurcation will result in instantaneous collapse. The bifurcation problem is formulated exactly and the initial postbuckling behavior is investigated via an asymptotic elastic analysis, based on Koiter's general theory Numerical results are compared with available experimental data.
Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of Hb SC disease

Twenty-seven patients were seen and followed at our Sickle Cell Center over a period of seven years. Their clinical, hematological, and biochemical features were determined and compared to those of patients with sickle cell anemia who were concurrently investigated. The data indicate that the mild anemia of hemoglobin (Hb) SC disease is slightly microcytic and hyperchromatic. Parameters of hemolysis and the complications of chronic hemolytic anemia (cholelithiasis, leg ulcers, hepatomegaly, and cardiomegaly) are milder in Hb SC disease than in sickle cell anemia. Asplenia and its sequelae (increased platelet count and reduced serum IgM levels) are less frequent in Hb SC disease. Cerebrovascular accidents and the decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase scores are similar in both diseases. Thromboembolic complications, retinopathy, and renal papillary necrosis are more frequent in Hb SC disease.
Pathway Distiller - multisource biological pathway consolidation

One method to understand and evaluate an experiment that produces a large set of genes, such as a gene expression microarray analysis, is to identify overrepresentation or enrichment for biological pathways. Because pathways are able to functionally describe the set of genes, much effort has been made to collect curated biological pathways into publicly accessible databases. When combining disparate databases, highly related or redundant pathways exist, making their consolidation into pathway concepts essential. This will facilitate unbiased, comprehensive yet streamlined analysis of experiments that result in large gene sets. After gene set enrichment finds representative pathways for large gene sets, pathways are consolidated into representative pathway concepts. Three complementary, but different methods of pathway consolidation are explored. Enrichment Consolidation combines the set of the pathways enriched for the signature gene list through iterative combining of enriched pathways with other pathways with similar signature gene sets; Weighted Consolidation utilizes a Protein-Protein Interaction network based gene-weighting approach that finds clusters of both enriched and non-enriched pathways limited to the experiments' resultant gene list; and finally the de novo Consolidation method uses several measurements of pathway similarity, that finds static pathway clusters independent of any given experiment. We demonstrate that the three consolidation methods provide unified yet different functional insights of a resultant gene set derived from a genome-wide profiling experiment. Results from the methods are presented, demonstrating their applications in biological studies and comparing with a pathway web-based framework that also combines several pathway databases. Additionally a web-based consolidation framework that encompasses all three methods discussed in this paper, Pathway Distiller ( http://cbbiweb.uthscsa.edu/PathwayDistiller ), is established to allow researchers access to the methods and example microarray data described in this manuscript, and the ability to analyze their own gene list by using our unique consolidation methods. By combining several pathway systems, implementing different, but complementary pathway consolidation methods, and providing a user-friendly web-accessible tool, we have enabled users the ability to extract functional explanations of their genome wide experiments.
Development of an HPLC assay for the analysis of tetrafluoroputrescine—A putrescine analog

A simple reverse-phase liquid chromatographic system with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm for tetrafluoroputrescine (TFP), a putrescine analog, is described. The assay involves precolumn derivatization of TFP with dansyl chloride at pH 6.8-7.5 at 60 degrees C, followed by separation from putrescine (PUT) and quantitation. The derivatization procedure was adapted for the simultaneous analysis of TFP and PUT in whole blood components. Also, preliminary studies on protein binding of TFP are reported.
Critical Human Ecology: Historical Materialism and Natural Laws

We lay the foundations for a critical human ecology (CHE) that combines the strengths of the biophysical human ecology tradition in environmental sociology with those of historical materialism. We show the strengths of a critically informed human ecology by addressing four key meta-theoretical issues: materialist versus idealist approaches in the social sciences, dialectical versus reductionist analyses, the respective importance of historical and ahistorical causal explanations, and the difference between structural and functional interpretations of phenomena. CHE breaks with the idealism of Western Marxism, which dominated academic neo-Marxist thought in the latter half of the 20th century, and advocates instead the pursuit of a materialist, scientific methodology in dialectical perspective for the explanation of social and ecological change. In turn, this project also involves a critique of the ahistorical and functionalist tendencies of traditional human ecology, while sharing human ecology's basic starting point: the ecological embeddedness of human societies.
The review panel process: an algorithm for the conditional release of insanity acquittees.

Abstract The release of insanity acquittees requires making informed decisions regarding both the presence and severity of an individuals' mental illness and the dangerousness of these individuals. This study evaluated the usefulness of employing structured assessments of mental health and violence risk factors in the conditional release decision-making process. All persons found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity at East Louisiana Mental Health System, Forensic Division who underwent a review panel between July 1, 1997 and July 1, 1999 were included in this study. The Classification and Regression Tree analysis was utilized to arrive at cutpoints that would optimize the predictive ability of the decision tree analysis. The results indicated that the Community Outpatient Treatment Readiness Profile score was the strongest predictor — all patients receiving a score of 62 or greater on this scale were recommended to remain at the facility. When women were recommended for release, it was to civil facilities and with moderate levels of symptoms. For males with moderate symptoms, low PCL-R scores were associated with recommendations for release, whereas high scores were associated with recommendations for continued commitment. Our data suggests that algorithms may be useful to governing bodies when making release decisions.
Isoflavone Aglucones and Volatile Organic Compounds in Soybeans; Effects of Soaking Treatments

The effect of three different soaking treatments (6 hr in 50°C water; 6 hr in 50°C 0.25% NaHCO3 solution; or 30 min in boiling 0.25% NaHCO3 solution) was studied on the production of the major isoflavone aglucones, daidzein and genistein, and headspace volatile organic compounds including aldehydes, alcohols and furans in soybeans. Both 50° treatments resulted in production of substantial amounts of isoflavone aglucones and headspace volatile organic compounds. The boiling NAHCO3 treatment inhibited production of isoflavone aglucones and lowered total headspace volatile organic compounds.
Duty to disclose in medical genetics: A legal perspective

As technical knowledge and public information in medical genetics continue to expand, the geneticist may expect to be held responsible for informing patients and clients about new developments in research and diagnosis. The long legal evolution of the physician's duty to disclose, and more recent findings of a physician's duty to recall former patients to inform them about newly discovered risks of treatment, indicate that medical geneticists may have a duty to disclose both current and future information about conditions that are or could be inherited. Recent case law supports findings of professional liability for both present and future disclosure, even in the absence of an active physician-patient relationship. The requirement of candid and complete disclosure will affect the counseling approach in testing for deleterious genes and in providing medical treatment for minors with hereditary diseases. Finding a duty to recall may impose further professional burdens on the geneticist to reach beyond the immediate counseling arena and to recontact patients, perhaps years after their initial visit to genetics clinic.
Personalized Systems of Instruction Model: Teaching Health-Related Fitness Content in High School Physical Education

This study assessed the use of personalized system of instruction (PSI) to teach a high school personal fitness class. A course workbook was designed to provide the students with a basic introduction to the unit, class rules and policies, learning objectives, content-based modules, and methods of assessment. Based on criteria used to verify effective use of PSI in a physical education setting, implementation of the PSI unit in this study was successful. Student comments indicated that this self-paced mastery learning was a new experience for them. As students became more familiar with the model, they enjoyed the structure and material being presented. Teacher comments indicated that after explaining and establishing the PSI system, very little teaching time was spent on classroom management.The majority of teaching time was spent on providing individualized feedback to students. PSI offers an alternative approach to teaching and learning in physical education as well as other content areas.
Phospholipid turnover and ultrastructural changes in resting and secreting bullfrog gastric mucosa.

Abstract 1. 1. Ultrastructural changes and 32 P 1 incorporation into phospholipids were studied in resting and histamine-stimulated bullfrog gastric mucosae. 2. 2. The relatively smooth apical surface of the resting oxyntic cell becomes engrossed with elaborate microvilli with the onset of acid secretion induced by histamine. These membranous alterations occur presumably at the expense of the abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum present in the oxyntic cells. Our observations thus confirm the previous findings of other investigators. 3. 3. The ultrastructural changes were accompanied by an increase in the incorporation of 32 P 1 into the phospholipid fraction of the histamine-stimulated mucosae, but did not involve a significant net synthesis of lipids. 4. 4. There was a 2–5-fold enhanced incorporation of 32 P 1 into phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and a smaller change in incorporation into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositol in the mucosae stimulated by histamine. Phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin showed relatively little 32 P 1 incorporation. 5. 5. Thiocyanate, an inhibitor of acid secretion, abolished the enhanced 32 P 1 incorporation into the specific phospholipids. 6. 6. Changes in 32 P 1 incorporation into ATP and acid-soluble phosphate ester fraction of the stimulated mucosae were variable. However, even the greatest change observed was not sufficient to account for the large changes observed in specific phospholipids. 7. 7. [2- 14 C]Acetate was incorporated to varying degrees into different phospholipids; the greatest incorporation occurred in phosphatidyl choline. However, histamine stimulation did not significantly alter the incorporation of 14 C into any of the phospholipids. 8. 8. The increased turnover of the polar groups of phospholipids thus appears to be correlated with alterations and movements of membranous structures concomitant with the histamine-induced acid secretion in gastric mucosa.
Iron and folate status of an adolescent female population

Abstract The iron and folate status of black and white adolescent girls, aged 14 and 16 yr, was assessed. Although no significant age differences were observed, blacks (n=35) had significantly lower mean levels of hemoglobin (p blacks) approached statistical significance (p=0.055) and could partially account for the observed race differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit. Race differences in RBC folate could be explained on the basis of higher dietary folate intakes in whites than in blacks. Serum ferritin was low (
A novel self-evolving multi-agent architecture for power system monitoring and protection against attacks of malicious intent

In this paper, we propose a novel self-evolving multi-agent methodology (MAM) for power system monitoring and protection. The uniqueness of the proposed architecture is the ability of MAM to evolve in the wake of an attack of malicious intent by mutation and thus always monitoring a power system bus remotely. Also, the architecture interacting with the mutated agents uses a voting methodology thus alleviating the effect of agent malfunction in the presence of attack. This novel architecture is tested on a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) power network and a two area network with five equivalent generators and eight bus, two area power system for abnormal condition detection and generator bus isolation. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed methodology is capable of not only detecting the power grid attack once, but can also continuously monitor and isolate the generator bus even in the presence of sustained attack as the agents are regenerated.
Electron-spin dephasing via hyperfine interaction in a quantum dot: An equation-of-motion calculation of electron-spin correlation functions

In this paper we develop an equation-of-motion (EOM) approach to study the non-Markovian single-electron-spin dynamics due to its inhomogeneous hyperfine coupling to the surrounding nuclei in a quantum dot. In particular, we identify an electron-spin correlation function that fully represents the electron-spin quantum coherence. Using the EOM method, we recover the exact solution of electron-spin decoherence for the case of a fully polarized nuclear reservoir. By considering nuclear-spin flip-flops mediated by virtual electron flips, which generate fluctuations in the Overhauser field (the nuclear field) for the electron spin, we find that the free-induction decay of the electron-spin correlation function for partially polarized and unpolarized nuclear-spin configurations is of the order unity instead of $O(1/N)$ ($N$ being the number of nuclei in the dot) obtained in previous studies. We show that the complete amplitude decay corresponds to the spectral broadening of the correlation function near the electron-spin Rabi frequency induced by nuclear-spin flip-flops. Our results show that a 90% nuclear-spin polarization can enhance the electron-spin coherence time by more than 1 order of magnitude. In the long-time limit, the envelope of the transverse electron-spin correlation function has a nonexponential $1/{t}^{2}$ decay in the presence of both polarized and unpolarized nuclei.
Gender differences in phonetic processing

In research on dyslexia, inadequate or inappropriate comparisons have often been made with control subjects, frequently overlooking important gender differences. More information is needed regarding the performance of control subjects, and adults, on measures purportedly assessing phonological and orthographic processing. Using tests similar to those used in dyslexic research, 20 female and 20 male college-age students were tested to examine gender differences in phonetic processing skills. The findings suggest that in equally competent readers, gender and other factors do play a significant role in determining the time it takes for phoneme manipulation and word identification. Females, especially those with poorer academic records, are significantly slower than males on measures typically used in dyslexic research. These findings show a need for a reexamination of control group equivalence (especially regarding gender), and further exploration of variables that might influence performance on these tasks.
Evaluation of Thrombolytic Agents

The mechanism of action of currently available thrombolytic agents, such as streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator; rt-PA) and anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex; APSAC), involves conversion of inactive plasminogen to plasmin, a potent fibrinolytic. However, the relatively weak substrate specificity of first generation agents (streptokinase and urokinase) can result in a state of systemic fibrinolysis and associated bleeding complications. The second generation drugs such as alteplase were developed in an attempt to enhance fibrin specificity, so that only enzymatic conversion of fibrin-complexed plasminogen would take place, thus avoiding systemic fibrinolysis. Results from large clinical trials have failed to consistently show any significant differences between first and second generation thrombolytic agents in the incidence of bleeding. In the clinical setting, thrombolytic agents have been evaluated primarily in patients with acute myocardial infarction and have been shown to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality compared with conservative treatment. The focus of current and future research is to investigate these agents in patients with other vaso-occlusive or ischaemic conditions (e.g. stroke), and also to evaluate different drug administration regimens and the use of adjunctive therapies such as aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and heparin.
Approximations for the entropy rate of a hidden Markov process

Let {Xt} be a stationary finite-alphabet Markov chain and {Zt} denote its noisy version when corrupted by a discrete memoryless channel. We present an approach to bounding the entropy rate of {Zt} by the construction and study of a related measure-valued Markov process. To illustrate its efficacy, we specialize it to the case of a BSC-corrupted binary Markov chain. The bounds obtained are sufficiently tight to characterize the behavior of the entropy rate in asymptotic regimes that exhibit a "concentration of the support". Examples include the 'high SNR', 'low SNR', 'rare spikes', and 'weak dependence' regimes. Our analysis also gives rise to a deterministic algorithm for approximating the entropy rate, achieving the best known precision-complexity tradeoff, for a significant subset of the process parameter space
Nasal myectomy of the inferior oblique muscles for recurrent elevation in adduction.

Purpose: Recurrence of inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) after recession or anterior transposition of the inferior oblique (IO) muscles is a common problem. We have been treating such cases by nasal myectomy of the IO, where a segment of approximately 5 mm is removed from the nasal portion, leaving the temporal portion of the IO with its insertion and its ancillary origin, the neurofibrovascular junction, intact. Here we report long-term findings on this procedure. Methods: Records were analyzed on 72 eyes belonging to 40 patients with recurrent IOOA of grade 1 or more, who received nasal myectomy of the inferior oblique (NMIO) in one (8 cases) or both (32 cases) eyes, and who had a minimum of 3 months follow-up. Results: At follow-up (range 3.6 months to 12 years; median 26 months), 27 patients (68%) showed no IO overaction, whereas 11 (28%) showed improvement of at least one grade point and 2 (5%) showed no improvement. Of the patients with residual IO overaction, three received additional surgery: in two of these patients IO overaction was subsequently eliminated while no additional follow-up was available for the third patient. The effects of NMIO on dissociated vertical deviation were variable. Conclusion: In 95% of these patients nasal myectomy of the IO resulted in reduction and in many cases elimination of IO overaction. An advantage of this procedure is that the temporal portion of the muscle, with its ancillary origin and insertion, is preserved. (J AAPOS 2004;8:462-465)
Prenatal undernutrition: Effects on behavior, brain chemistry and neuroanatomy in rats

Abstract The behavior and cerebral effects of prenatal protein-calorie undernutrition were investigated in newborn and postweanling rat pups. At birth, prenatally undernourished (PU) animals showed a deficit in body weight; however, by day 15 the difference was diminished and not significant. On days 13–18, PU pups required more trials for reversal learning of a water-escape response in a T-maze than control (C) pupsl however, on days 31–35, there was no difference between groups when trained to learn an active-avoidance response. Assessment of brain development showed that at birth, DNA and protein content were severely reduced in PU animals; however, normalization was noted in regional sections of the brain at 35 days of age. Brainstem reticular cells from PU pups at birth show less dendritic arborization and less terminal branching than cells from C pups. The results are discussed in terms of a delayed rate of maturation.
Spectrum sharing for directional systems

Dynamic spectrum access systems will need to simultaneously share the same frequency band with existing systems, particularly in initial deployments. In the case of directional systems, this can be accomplished through spatialdivision-multiple-access (SDMA), by taking advantage of the directionality of the antennas involved and the location of the transmit and receive antennas to avoid interference. This paper describes a methodology for determining the region in which transmit and receive antennas can be located to avoid interference. An example involving a satellite downlink antenna and a broadband wireless access system using directional antennas is presented.
Thermal Microphotonic Focal Plane Array (TM-FPA) for Uncooled High Sensitivity Thermal Imaging

We report on a new microphotonic technique for high-sensitivity, uncooled, thermal imaging. The technique, based on the massive thermo-optic effect in thermally isolated microresonators offers potential for significantly higher sensitivity than bolometric techniques.
Merocyanine 540 as an optical probe of transmembrane electrical activity in the heart

Frog hearts stained with merocyanine 540 shows a 1.5 to 2.0 percent increase in fluorescence intensity at 585 nanometers during the cardiac action potential when excited with a 540-nonometer light beam. Fluorometric action potentials similar to those recorded with intracellular microelectrodes in pacemaker, atrial, and ventricular tissues were recorded by focusing a 1-millimeter excitation beam on various regions of the heart. The signal-to-noise ratio for a single action potential ranged between 10/1 and 40/1. In spontaneously pacing hearts the slower rate of rise of the fluorescence action potential is due to the slow propagation of the electrical signal. In solutions containing normal calcium concentrations the fluorometric signal is altered by contractions. Merocyanine 540 is biologically inert as it stains the cardiac cell membrane and acts as a sensitive optical probe of the change in transmembrane potential.
Cyclopentadienyl and Olefin Substituent Effects on Insertion and β-Hydrogen Elimination with Group 4 Metallocenes. Kinetics, Mechanism, and Thermodynamics for Zirconocene and Hafnocene Alkyl Hydride Derivatives

Reactions of group 4 metallocene dihydrides, (RnCp)2MH2 (RnCp = alkyl-substituted cyclopentadienyl; M = Zr, Hf), with olefins afford stable metallocene alkyl hydride complexes of the general formula (RnCp)2M(CH2CHR‘2)(H) (R‘ = H, alkyl). For sterically crowded, monomeric dihydrides, Cp*2ZrH2 (Cp* = η5-C5Me5), Cp*(η5-C5Me4H)ZrH2, Cp*(η5-C5Me4Et)ZrH2, Cp*2HfH2, and Cp*(η5-C5H3-1,3-(CMe3)2)HfH2, second-order rate constants for olefin insertion have been measured. For Cp*2HfH2, the relative rates of olefin insertion have been found to be 1-pentene > styrene ≫ cis-2-butene > cyclopentene > trans-2-butene > isobutene. The rate of isobutene insertion into Cp*(η5-C5Me4H)ZrH2 is 3.8 × 103 times greater than that for Cp*2ZrH2 at −63 °C, demonstrating the striking steric effect for isobutene insertion imposed by a tenth methyl substituent on the two cyclopentadienyl ligands. A primary kH/kD of 2.4(3) at 23 °C and a linear free energy correlation to σ (ρ = −0.46(1)) for para-substituted styrene insertion indicate tha...
Collisions of coronal mass ejections can be superelastic

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), emissions of magnetized ionized gas from the Sun, can damage satellites and communication technology, so being able to predict where they are heading and how much energy they have is important in protecting this technology.
Erosive effect of an antihistamine-containing syrup on primary enamel and its reduction by fluoride dentifrice.

Summary. Aim. This study evaluated the action of an antihistamine-containing syrup (Claritin D) on enamel that was subsequently submitted or not to applications of fluoride dentifrice. Methods. Two hundred sixty-four slices ( n = 44 per subgroup) prepared from exfoliated primary molars were evaluated in hardness tests. Six subgroups were submitted to different treatments for 10 days. The controls underwent pH cycling with (positive control) or without (negative control) three daily immersions in fluoride dentifrice/distilled water slurry. The test subgroups related to daytime use of the antihistamine syrup underwent pH cycling and two 5-min applications of Claritin D, coupled or not to the three daily immersions in the fluoride slurry. The subgroups related to nocturnal use of the syrup were submitted to the same procedures of daytime subgroups, respectively, but with one of the applications of Claritin D lasting for 8 h. Results. The median hardness values obtained after use of the syrup were significantly lower than the initial ones. Equivalent values for subgroups submitted to fluoride applications in addition to treatment with the syrup were significantly higher. Conclusion. It was concluded that the antihistamine-containing syrup reduced the hardness of primary enamel and that, in this experiment, the use of fluoride dentifrice was able to diminish this erosive effect.
Influence of adhesion molecule expression by human brain microvessel endothelium on cancer cell adhesion

Cultures of endothelial (En) cells derived from human brain microvessels were established in order to characterize adhesion molecule expression and to assay the adhesion properties of neoplastic cell lines to monolayers of En cells. Low constitutive expression of beta1 integrin (CD29), and ICAM-2 (CD102) was detected on human brain microvessel En cells. The beta1 chain of the VLA integrin family, ICAM-1, E-selectin (CD62E) and VCAM-1 (CD106) but not ICAM-2 and PECAM-1 (CD31) expression was upregulated by IL1-alpha, and TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokines. High expression of PECAM-1 was found on non-activated human brain EN cells. In order to study the potential role of adhesion molecules in neoplastic cell adhesion two tumor cell lines were chosen. Adhesion of a cell line (DU145) derived from a cerebral metastasis of prostate carcinoma to human brain microvessel En cell monolayers was less pronounced compared to adhesion of a primary prostate carcinoma cell line (ND1). Adhesion of cerebral metastatic neoplastic cell line (DU145) was not significantly influenced by incubation of endothelial cells with different proinflammatory cytokines. The adhesion capability of primary prostate carcinoma line (NDI) was significantly upregulated by TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, the adhesion of ND1 was partly inhibited using anti-E-selectin and VCAM-1 monoclonal antibodies. There was no significant effect of anti-adhesion antibodies on the adhesion characteristics of the cerebral metastatic (DU145) cell line. Our data demonstrate that different mechanisms are involved in the adhesion of neoplastic cells to cerebral En cells and turn our attention to the importance of adhesion molecule expression in the formation of metastases.
Addressing Corporate Ties to Slavery: Corporate Apologia in a Discourse of Reconciliation

Pressured by activists to take responsibility, American corporations recently found themselves in the spotlight for their past ties to slavery. Responding to the issue, they stepped into a complex discourse of reconciliation. Taking a rhetorical approach, this article analyzes the response of Aetna Inc. It explores how corporate rhetoric functions within present discourses about historical injustices and illustrates that Aetna's response informed by common strategies of corporate apologia inhibited meaningful reconciliation. The article thus furthers criticisms of (corporate) apologia in the context of historical injustice and raises questions about the potentialities and limitations of corporate rhetoric for reconciliation.
Microjet array single-phase and flow boiling heat transfer with R134a

Abstract An experimental study of single-phase and flow boiling heat transfer of a submerged microjet array was conducted with R134a. The staggered array of seventeen 112-μm diameter orifices impinged onto a 1 × 1-mm heater. Single-phase data were gathered over the range 3050 ⩽ Re d ⩽ 10,600 with 53.6 ⩽ Nu d ¯ ⩽ 128 . Boiling experiments were conducted with liquid subcoolings of 10, 20, and 30 °C at jet velocities of 4, 7, and 10 m/s. Boiling was generally found to enhance heat transfer with a maximum heat flux of 590 W/cm 2 . However, temperature excursions occurred at low superheats and were found to be related to non-condensable gas content.
A Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Risk Organ Involvement in a Young Adult

Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (MS-LCH) is a rare disease for which the standard of care has not been clearly established. We are the first to address frontline and salvage options for the management of an adolescent young adult (AYA) male with MS-LCH with “risk organ” involvement, a population for which there are no therapeutic guidelines. Our 33-year-old male patient presented with MS-LCH with generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatic and splenic involvement. He was initially treated with vinblastine and prednisolone with progression in disease. Our exploration of the literature revealed that salvage options in adults include single-agent chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, imatinib, and vemurafenib and are limited to small case series with questionable efficacy. We opted to use a pediatric regimen with the combination of cladribine and cytarabine and demonstrate that this approach can in fact be effective in an AYA patient. J Hematol. 2014;3(4):107-111 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jh161w
Modeling Spin-Polarized Electron Transport in Semiconductors for Spintronics Applications

A primary goal in semiconductor spintronics is to develop a new generation of functional devices that exploit not only an electron's charge (as in today's electronics industry) but also its spin. The authors show how a system of coupled spin drift-diffusion equations can accurately model spin-polarized electron transport in semiconductors. Numerical solutions allow for direct and quantitative comparison with experimental imaging data.
Fast Far-Field Potential Evaluation in Multibody-Based Simulations of Biopolymers

A novel algorithm to approximate the long-range potential field in multiscale simulations of biopolymers is presented. These models contain various domains including single particles, as well as regions with coarse-grained clusters in which high frequency modes of motion are suppressed. Herein, coarse-grained regions are formed via treating groups of atoms as rigid and/or flexible bodies/clusters connected together via kinematic joints, and as such, multibody dynamic techniques are used to form and solve the equations of motion. In such simulations with n particles, the evaluation of the potential field with computational complexity of O(n2), if not performed wisely, may become a bottleneck. This paper presents the approximation of the potential field due to the interaction between a charged particle and a body containing charged particles. This approximation is expressed in terms of physical and geometrical properties of the bodies such as the entire charge of the cluster and a pseudo-inertia tensor. Further, a divide-and-conquer scheme is introduced to implement the presented far-field potential evaluations. In this scheme adjacent charged bodies are combined together to form new bodies. The mathematical framework to create these new assemblies is presented. Then the potential of the resulting bodies on the charged particles which are far from them are recursively calculated.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Agronomic performance of potato germplasm selected for high resistance to verticillium wilt

A three-year study was conducted from 1991 through 1993 to evaluate the field performance of potato clones that had been selected for resistance to wilt symptom development and stem colonization byVerticillium dahliae. The total yield, size distribution, and specific-gravity of these highly resistant clones were compared with standard cultivars and two parent clones with high Verticillium resistance and high yield, A66107-51 and A68113-4. Two groups of Verticillium resistant germplasm were selected in 1991. One group was the highly resistant progeny from a cross between A66107-51 and A68113-4. The second group consisted of hybrids between wild species accessions with high Verticillium resistance and cultivated diploid and tetraploid germplasm.
Submicron droplet evaporation in the continuum and non-continuum regimes

Abstract Precise measurements of the evaporation rates of single submicron low-volatility liquid droplets have been made to test available theoretical and semi-theoretical analyses of aerosol evaporation in the diffusion-controlled and Knudsen aerosol regimes. By suspending a charged droplet in an electric field in a polarized laser beam the droplet size was determined as a function of time using Mie theory to interpret the light-scattering data. New data for dibutyl sebacate (DBS) evaporating into helium, nitrogen and carbon dioxide and data reported earlier for dioctyl phthalate (DOP) evaporating into helium and nitrogen are compared with theoretical predictions of aerosol evaporation rates. The results for DBS and DOP are consistent with an evaporation coefficient of order unity in the free-molecule regime, and the data in the diffusion-controlled regime are used to determine the diffusivities of DBS in He, N 2 and CO 2 as well as the Lennard-Jones interaction parameters and the vapor pressure of DBS.