cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of BD MAX™ StaphSR and BD MAX™ MRSAXT Assays using ESwab Collected Specimens

ABSTRACT The BD Max MRSAXT and the BD Max StaphSR assays were validated for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in ESwab samples. In addition, the BD Max StaphSR assay was evaluated for its ability to detect and differentiate S. aureus and MRSA in the same sample. A total of 255 ESwab samples collected from the anterior nares of patients were tested by each of three BD Max assays, including the BD Max MRSA first-generation assay. The results were compared to those of direct and enrichment culture. Additionally, a challenge panel comprising 14 control strains was evaluated to determine the ability of these assays to correctly identify MRSA and also appropriately differentiate S. aureus by the BD Max StaphSR assay. Out of 255 clinical samples tested, 161 were negative and 30 were positive for MRSA, and 45 were positive for S. aureus (by BD Max StaphSR) and negative for MRSA by all three PCR assays and culture. Nineteen samples had discrepant results; all of them were retested by additional laboratory testing. All strains from the challenge panel were correctly identified or excluded by the BD Max MRSAXT and BD Max StaphSR assays. The results showed that the BD Max StaphSR and the BD MRSAXT assays have excellent sensitivity (94.3%) and specificity (97.7%) for detecting MRSA. The BD Max StaphSR assay demonstrated excellent sensitivity (96.4%) and specificity (93.6%) for detecting S. aureus.
Anterior neurectoderm is progressively induced during gastrulation: the role of the Xenopus homeobox gene orthodenticle

In order to study the regional specification of neural tissue we isolated Xotx2, a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila orthodenticle gene. Xotx2 is initially expressed in Spemann's organizer and its expression is absent in the ectoderm of early gastrulae. As gastrulation proceeds, Xotx2 expression is induced in the overlying ectoderm and this domain of expression moves anteriorly in register with underlying anterior mesoderm throughout the remainder of gastrulation. The expression pattern of Xotx2 suggests that a wave of Xotx2 expression (marking anterior neurectoderm) travels through the ectoderm of the gastrula with the movement of underlying anterior (prechordal plate) mesoderm. This expression of Xotx2 is reminiscent of the Eyal-Giladi model for neural induction. According to this model, anterior neural-inducing signals emanating from underlying anterior mesoderm transiently induce anterior neural tissues after vertical contact with the overlying ectoderm. Further patterning is achieved when the ectoderm receives caudalizing signals as it comes in contact with more posterior mesoderm during subsequent gastrulation movements. Functional characterization of the Xotx2 protein has revealed its involvement in differentiation of the anterior-most tissue, the cement gland. Ectopic expression of Xotx2 in embryos induces extra cement glands in the skin as well as inducing a cement gland marker (XAG1) in isolated animal cap ectoderm. Microinjection of RNA encoding the organizer-specific homeo-domain protein goosecoid into the ventral marginal zone results in induction of the Xotx2 gene. This result, taken in combination with the indistinguishable expression patterns of Xotx2 and goosecoid in the anterior mesoderm suggests that Xotx2 is a target of goosecoid regulation.
One-line diagram builder for power system analysis

It is well-proven that an efficient environment with a friendly graphic user interface of network one-line diagrams will help an operator to quickly and accurately enter data and extract maximal information from the analytical results. However, the initial establishment of such an environment is costly. The most fundamental efforts include: (i) digitization of the one-line diagrams of a power system, (ii) overlapping the one-line diagrams with the background geographical maps, and (iii) building the linkage between the components in the one-line diagrams and the power system data files. In this paper, we have developed a system that provides a fast and efficient way to generate such an environment. This system is comprised of a one-line diagram digitizer and a linkage builder. A comprehensive error-check mechanism is provided to check for the mistakes in the one-line diagrams, linkage and power system data files. A unique feature is that the system supports a partial linkage mode that allows an operator to link only the interested portions of a power system without affecting the results of an analysis. We have used the developed one-line builder to generate a GUI environment and integrated two power system analytical applications into this environment. The first application is the power trace and on-line voltage monitoring which is currently run by the members of PSERC; the second application is the BCU dynamic analysis.
High Rayleigh number experiments in a horizontal layer of water around its density maximum

Natural convection of water has numerous thermal engineering applications ranging from heat exchangers and solidification or melting processes to water circulation in the sea, lakes, and estuaries. Unlike most of the fluids commonly used in engineering applications that possess monotonic, almost linear for small temperature ranges, density-temperature relationships, water possesses a density maximum at 4C at atmospheric pressure. The presence of this density maximum greatly affects water natural convection and yields flows markedly different from those of other fluids, or even water for temperature ranges away from its density maximum. The present experimental investigation focuses on the high Rayleigh number regime (Ra > 10{sup 9}). Unlike in previous investigations the flow in the system is turbulent. The experimental apparatus is a rectangular enclosure of height to length aspect ratio {approx}1/2 and height {approx}25 cm. The chief contribution of the present study, in addition to determining the temperature and flow fields in the enclosure, is that a general, easy to use correlation is proposed for the Nusselt number (representing the overall heat transfer through the layer). This correlation is accurate (when the density extremum exists in the system) regardless of the relative magnitude of the top wall temperature and the densitymore » extremum temperature.« less
Axisymmetric free vibrations of finite anisotropic cylinders

Abstract A technique is presented for obtaining estimates for the natural frequencies of axisymmetric free vibration for anisotropic cylinders of finite length. The weak forms of the governing differential equations are solved by using the Ritz method with terms of power series in the co-ordinate directions as the approximating functions. The dimensions of the cylinder are arbitrary, and a wide range of geometries can be considered. The solution technique is applied to the example problems of an isotropic cylinder and a cylinder composed of a material with hexagonal symmetry. The method gives natural frequencies and mode shapes that are in excellent agreement with existing solutions. The condition of traction-free faces of the cylinder is also accurately satisfied.
Using Gesture and Speech to Capture Transitions in Learning

Abstract The present study compared 3 measures of knowledge variability to determine which measure predicts learning. Eighty-six children between the ages of 5 and 8 years participated in a pretest-training–posttest study of conservation understanding. Gesture-speech mismatches predicted learning better than both an across-task measure and a within-task measure of variability in speech explanations of conservation. This suggests that transitional knowledge may be best characterized as the simultaneous activation of multiple representations distributed across modalities. Implications for how gesture-speech mismatches may elucidate mechanisms underlying cognitive change are discussed.
Evaluation of corn gluten meal with urea as a source of supplementary nitrogen for growing calves and lambs

Abstract Three growth trials and a metabolism study were conducted to evaluate corn gluten meal—urea (CGM—urea) combinations compared to a urea control as sources of supplementary nitrogen for growing calves and lambs fed on diets based on corn cobs. In the first growth study cattle were fed individually twice daily while in the sheep growth study and the second cattle growth study, animals were fed in groups. The average daily gain and feed conversion were similar for animals given the soya bean meal (SBM) and CGM—urea supplements. Feed intakes were similar for all treatments except for growth study 1. Nitrogen retention and dry matter and protein digestibility did not differ significantly between the SBM and CGM—urea supplemented groups. Urea consistently gave inferior results in all the experiments. These results suggest that CGM—urea combination is essentially equal to SBM in supporting growth of calves and lambs.
tRNAs as regulators of biological processes

Transfer RNAs (tRNA) are best known for their role as adaptors during translation of the genetic code. Beyond their canonical role during protein biosynthesis, tRNAs also perform additional functions in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes for example in regulating gene expression. Aminoacylated tRNAs have also been implicated as substrates for non-ribosomal peptide bond formation, post-translational protein labeling, modification of phospholipids in the cell membrane and antibiotic biosyntheses. Most recently tRNA fragments, or tRFs, have also been recognized to play regulatory roles. Here we examine in more details some of the new functions emerging for tRNA in a variety of cellular processes outside of protein synthesis.
Performance of Health Literacy Tests Among Older Adults with Diabetes

BACKGROUND Knowing a patient’s health literacy can help clinicians and researchers anticipate a patient’s ability to understand complex health regimens and deliver better patient-centered instructions and information. Poor health literacy has been linked with lower ability to function adequately in health care systems.
Joint Theater Trauma System implementation of burn resuscitation guidelines improves outcomes in severely burned military casualties.

Background:Between March 2003 and June 2007, our burn center received 594 casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Ongoing acute burn resuscitation as severely burned casualties are evacuated over continents is very challenging. To help standardize care, burn resuscitation guidelines (
Effect of hydrogen line radiation on the divertor target plate incident heat flux

Hydrogen resonance line radiation strongly interacts with the partially ionized plasma at the tokamak edge. As a result of these interactions, a nonlocal plasma energy transport channel opens, altering local atomic level populations by an order-of-magnitude, and affecting plasma transport. Understanding the effects of these interactions is essential to the design of future tokamak divertors, but previous models have not self-consistently treated this physical process. To model the interaction of hydrogen resonance photons with the plasma at the tokamak edge, a partially ionized plasma fluid transport code (PIP) has been developed and integrated into a nonlocal thermodynamics equilibrium (NLTE) code (CRETIN). The partially ionized plasma fluid transport model was derived from kinetic theory and includes the charge-exchange coupling of ions with neutral atoms, transport of internal atomic energy, as well as effective ionization, recombination, and energy loss rates determined by the NLTE model. We apply PIP and CRETIN to the modeling of an optically thick detached tokamak divertor both with and without the effects of line radiation interactions. While many characteristics of the detached divertor regime remain, e.g. the pressure drops in front of the target plate, several details change. Most importantly for the design of future divertors, line radiation interactions increase the divertor target plate incident plasma heat flux from 0.189 MW/m 2 to 0.436 MW/m 2 .
Locally applied progesterone metabolites alter neuronal responsiveness in the cerebellum.

Abstract Ongoing studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that both systemically and locally administered sex steroids 17β estradiol (E 2 ) and progesterone (P) alter cerebellar Purkinje cell responses to microiontophoretically applied amino acid neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate (GLUT) in the urethane-anesthetized, ovariectomized adult rat. In the present study, we have examined the effects of several locally pressure ejected P metabolites on Purkinje cell responsiveness to GABA and GLUT: 5α-pregnane-20-one (5α DHP), 5α-pregnane-3α-ol-20-one (3α OH-DHP) and 5α-pregnane-3β-ol-20-one (3β OH-DHP). GABA-induced inhibition was markedly enhanced immediately after onset of local application of 3α OH-DHP or 5α DHP, unaccompanied by alterations in background discharge. Both metabolites also attenuated excitatory responses to GLUT by 0–3 min after initiation of steroid application. In both cases, recovery to control levels of response was observed 6–9 min after termination of pressure application. These results are similar to those seen after local or systemic injection of P. In contrast, 3β OH-DHP did not produce any alteration in Purkinje cell responses to either amino acid. As 5α DHP and 3α OH-DHP can be localized in cerebellar tissue after P administration, the results presented here suggest that the neuronal effects of systemic P may be mediated by local membrane actions of P or its metabolites.
An Assessment of Magnetic Conditions for Strong Coronal Heating in Solar Active Regions by Comparing Observed Loops with Computed Potential Field Lines

We report further results on the magnetic origins of coronal heating found from registering coronal images with photospheric vector magnetograms. For two complementary active regions, we use computed potential field lines to examine the global non-potentiality of bright extended coronal loops and the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field at their feet, and assess the role of these magnetic conditions in the strong coronal heating in these loops. The two active regions are complementary, in that one is globally potential and the other is globally nonpotential, while each is predominantly bipolar, and each has an island of included polarity in its trailing polarity domain. We find the following: (1) The brightest main-arch loops of the globally potential active region are brighter than the brightest main- arch loops of the globally strongly nonpotential active region. (2) In each active region, only a few of the mainarch magnetic loops are strongly heated, and these are all rooted near the island. (3) The end of each main-arch bright loop apparently bifurcates above the island, so that it embraces the island and the magnetic null above the island. (4) At any one time, there are other main-arch magnetic loops that embrace the island in the same manner as do the bright loops but that are not selected for strong coronal heating. (5) There is continual microflaring in sheared core fields around the island, but the main-arch bright loops show little response to these microflares. From these observational and modeling results we draw the following conclusions: (1) The heating of the main-arch bright loops arises mainly from conditions at the island end of these loops and not from their global non-potentiality. (2) There is, at most, only a loose coupling between the coronal heating in the bright loops of the main arch and the coronal heating in the sheared core fields at their feet, although in both the heating is driven by conditions/events in and around the island. (3) The main-arch bright loops are likely to be heated via reconnection driven at the magnetic null over the island. The details of how and where (along the null line) the reconnection is driven determine which of the split-end loops are selected for strong heating. (4) The null does not appear to be directly involved in the heating of the sheared core fields or in the heating of an extended loop rooted in the island. Rather, these all appear to be heated by microflares in the sheared core field.
Chemometric Analysis of Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Data using Fast Retention Time Alignment via a Total Ion Current Shift Function

Abstract A critical comparison of methods for correcting severely retention time shifted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) data is presented. The method reported herein is an adaptation to the piecewise alignment algorithm to quickly align severely shifted one-dimensional (1D) total ion current (TIC) data, then applying these shifts to broadly align all mass channels throughout the separation, referred to as a TIC shift function (SF). The maximum shift varied from (−) 5 s in the beginning of the chromatographic separation to (+) 20 s toward the end of the separation, equivalent to a maximum shift of over 5 peak widths. Implementing the TIC shift function (TIC SF) prior to Fisher Ratio ( F -Ratio) feature selection and then principal component analysis (PCA) was found to be a viable approach to classify complex chromatograms, that in this study were obtained from GC–MS separations of three gasoline samples serving as complex test mixtures, referred to as types C, M and S. The reported alignment algorithm via the TIC SF approach corrects for large dynamic shifting in the data as well as subtle peak-to-peak shifts. The benefits of the overall TIC SF alignment and feature selection approach were quantified using the degree-of-class separation (DCS) metric of the PCA scores plots using the type C and M samples, since they were the most similar, and thus the most challenging samples to properly classify. The DCS values showed an increase from an initial value of essentially zero for the unaligned GC-TIC data to a value of 7.9 following alignment; however, the DCS was unchanged by feature selection using F -Ratios for the GC-TIC data. The full mass spectral data provided an increase to a final DCS of 13.7 after alignment and two-dimensional (2D) F -Ratio feature selection.
Does Intellectual Property Restrict Output? An Analysis of Pharmaceutical Markets.

Abstract Standard analysis of intellectual property focuses on the balance between incentives for research and the welfare costs of restraining output through monopoly pricing. We present evidence from the pharmaceutical industry that output often fails to rise after patent expirations. Patents restrict output by allowing monopoly pricing but may also boost output and welfare by improving incentives for marketing, a form of nonprice competition. We analyze how nonprice factors such as marketing mitigate and even offset the costs of monopoly associated with intellectual property. Empirical analysis of pharmaceutical patents suggests that, in the short run, patent expirations reduce output and consumer welfare by decreasing marketing. In the long run, patent expirations benefit consumers, but by 30 percent less than would be implied by the reduction in price alone. Focusing only on the pricing issues of intellectual property may lead to incomplete or even inaccurate conclusions for welfare.
C6-C8 bridged epothilones: consequences of installing a conformational lock at the edge of the macrocycle.

A series of conformationally restrained epothilone analogs with a short bridge between the methyl groups at C6 and C8 was designed to mimic the binding pose assigned to our recently reported EpoA-microtubule binding model. A versatile synthetic route to these bridged epothilone analogs has been successfully devised and implemented. Biological evaluation of the compounds against A2780 human ovarian cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines suggested that the introduction of a bridge between C6-C8 reduced potency by 25–1000 fold in comparison with natural epothilone D. Tubulin assembly measurements indicate these bridged epothilone analogs to be mildly active, but without significant microtubule stabilization capacity. Molecular mechanics and DFT energy evaluations suggest the mild activity of the bridged epo-analogs may be due to internal conformational strain.
Marketing Closed-End Fund IPOs: An Analysis of the International Stock Funds

Various studies argue that underwriting fees are excessive and investment bankers prolong the price stabilization period in aftermarket trading of closed-end fund (CEF) shares. The poor performance of these funds also raises questions about the financial sophistication of initial public offering (IPO) buyers. In this study, we examine these issues for a sample of international stock CEFs. Our findings indicate that underwriting fees are not excessive relative to industrial issues, and we do not find that investment bankers prolong the stabilization period to camouflage the underwriting cost. Our findings are consistent with earlier studies that discounts contribute significantly to the poor performance during the first six months of aftermarket trading.
An MOS-oriented investigation of effective mobility theory

Abstract An MOS-oriented study is made into effective mobility theory based on the diffuse-scattering surface conduction model. It is exhibited that the constant-field theory is highly inaccurate over a large part of the surface potential region scanned by the inversion channel MOS transistor and that this approximate theory is not a good standard for comparison with experimental data. Isotropic exact-field effective mobility curves are presented in a form which is amenable to experimental verification and for values of the bulk doping and surface potential normally encountered in inversion channel silicon MOS transistors. Experimental p -channel results are presented and compared against theory. Finally, the calculations and results of a study into the anisotropic effects predicted by an extension of the diffuse-scattering model to the elliptical band structure of silicon are reported and detailed.
Simultaneous Quantitation of N2,3-Ethenoguanine and 1,N2-Ethenoguanine with an Immunoaffinity/Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Assay

We have previously described an immunoaffinity/gas chromatography/electron capture negative chemical ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (IA/GC/ECNCI-HRMS) assay for quantitation of the promutagenic DNA adduct N(2),3-ethenoguanine (N(2),3-epsilonGua) in vivo. Here we present an expanded assay that allows simultaneous quantitation of its structural isomer, 1,N(2)-ethenoguanine (1,N(2)-epsilonGua), in the same DNA sample. 1,N(2)-epsilonGua and N(2),3-epsilonGua were purified together from hydrolyzed DNA using two immobilized polyclonal antibodies. GC/ECNCI-HRMS was used to quantitate the 3,5-bis(pentafluorobenzyl) (PFB) derivative of each adduct against an isotopically labeled analogue. Selected ion monitoring was used to detect the [M - 181](-) fragments of 3,5-(PFB)(2)-N(2),3-epsilonGua and 3,5-(PFB)(2)-[(13)C(4),(15)N(2)]-N(2),3-epsilonGua and the [M - 201](-) fragments of 3,5-(PFB)(2)-1,N(2)-epsilonGua and 3,5-(PFB)(2)-[(13)C(3)]-1,N(2)-epsilonGua. The demonstrated limits of quantitation in hydrolyzed DNA were 7.6 fmol of N(2),3-epsilonGua and 15 fmol of 1,N(2)-epsilonGua in approximately 250 microg of DNA, which corresponded to 5.0 N(2),3-epsilonGua and 8.7 1,N(2)-epsilonGua adducts/10(8) unmodified Gua bases, respectively. 1,N(2)-epsilonGua was found to be the predominant ethenoguanine adduct formed in reactions of lipid peroxidation products with DNA. The respective ratios of 1,N(2)-epsilonGua to N(2),3-epsilonGua were 5:1 and 38:1 when calf thymus DNA was treated with ethyl linoleate or 4-hydroxynonenal, respectively, under peroxidizing conditions. Only N(2),3-epsilonGua was detected in DNA treated with the vinyl chloride (VC) metabolite 2-chloroethylene oxide and in hepatocyte DNA from rats exposed to 1100 ppm VC for 4 weeks (6 h/day for 5 days/week). These data suggest that 1,N(2)-epsilonGua plays a minor role relative to N(2),3-epsilonGua in VC-induced carcinogenesis, but that 1,N(2)-epsilonGua may be formed to a larger extent from endogenous oxidative processes.
The I = 1, J = 1 channel of the O(4) λ∅44 theory

Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation of the O (4) λ ∅ 4 theory in the broken phase is performed on a hypercubic lattice in search of an I = 1, J = 1 resonance. We investigate the region of the cutoff theory where the interaction is strong as it is there that a resonance would be expected to have a better chance to form. In that region the presence of an I = 1, J = 1 resonance with mass below the cutoff is excluded.
Chemistry-crystallization relations in molecular mullite gels

Abstract Sol-gel chemistry profoundly affects the crystallization of molecular aluminosilicate gels. Segregation of transition alumina-yielding species during gel synthesis results in the epitaxial nucleation of spinel at 980°C. When synthesis conditions leading to alumina segregation are avoided, t-mullite crystallizes at 980°C. However, it is shown, for the first time, that these gels are phase-separated prior to crystallization by a hydrothermal reaction known as dealumination. When the molecular gels are synthesized and heated to avoid this mechanism of phase separation, the gels crystallize directly to o-mullite at 700°C. This crystallization temperature for o-mullite in aluminosilicate gels is ∼ 500°C lower than those previously reported.
Philip Freneau's Father

Professor Leary, of the University of Miami, Florida, again gives us a glimpse into his findings in the Rutgers Library as he completes his work on a new biography of Philip Freneau. A year ago he allowed us to print for the first time since their original appearance in the New Brunswick Fredonian a number of poems by Freneau. This time he is revealing the significance of a book of transcripts of letters which were kept by Pierre Fresneau, the father of Philip. Former biographers have presented Philip Freneau as born into the tradition of wealth and culture. Here for the first time he is shown to have come from far more humble origins.
(+/-)9,10-Dihydroxy-delta6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol and (+/-)8,9-dihydroxy-delta6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol: 2 new cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L.

The structures of 2 new polyhydroxylated cannabinoids, (±)9, 10-dihydroxy-Δ6a(10a)-tetrahydorcannabinol and (±)8, 9-dihydroxy-Δ6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol, obtained from a hexane extract of an IndianCannabis variant were determined by spectral means and correlation with cannabinol.
Asymptotic behavior of the energy levels of a quantum particle in a homogeneous magnetic field, perturbed by a decreasing electric field. I

One investigates the bound statesEn, situated to the left of the boundary of the continuous spectrum. Under the assumption that the potential is nonpositive and has at infinity a power type asymptotics, one computes the principal term of the asymptoticsEn as n→∞. One does not assume the axial symmetry of the potential of the electric field.
Subretinal hemorrhage masquerading as a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment in a case of nonaccidental trauma.

Retinal hemorrhages are the most commonly reported ocular findings in nonaccidental trauma in children. 1 Other reported ocular findings include perimacular folds, 1 traumatic retinoschisis, 1 choroidal hemorrhages, 2 and retinal detachments. 3 We report the clinical and pathologic findings in a case of a 10-month-old boy who sustained nonaccidental trauma and whose clinical presentation was characteristic of a hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. Postmortem examination revealed a large subretinal hemorrhage, with no evidence of choroidal hemorrhage.
Long‐term results of treatment of patients with follicular lymphomas

The management of patients with follicular lymphoma is controversial, particularly in those with follicular small cleaved cell (FSCC) or nodular poorly differentiated lymphoma (NPDL). Some advocate no treatment until symptoms arise, while others prefer to treat with intensive combination regimens and others with single agents. We reviewed the long-term effects of two types of combination chemotherapy on relapse-free survival and survival on 91 patients (88 were stages III-IV) who had received no previous chemotherapy. Those patients with FSCC lymphoma obtaining a complete remission had a significantly longer median survival than did those obtaining a partial remission (13 years versus 2 years). An adriamycin-containing regimen appeared to be the key factor in obtaining a complete remission in FSCC after taking into consideration prognostic factors. Not only was the complete response rate significantly higher for patients receiving adriamycin, but so too was the median survival and relapse-free survival. BCG immunotherapy appeared to be important in preventing relapse in some of the complete responders with NPDL who received adriamycin.
Significant differences in quality-of-life factors and their correlates: A function of differences in career orientations or gender?

This study compared the differences in the three quality-of-life variables of job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and mental health, and their correlates, based on differences in career orientation vs gender differences. Eight correlates, theorized to have an influence on the three quality-of-life factors were used to investigate the issue. One hundred and sixty-six working couples in a variety of organizations in the midwest and west coast regions of the United States offered a sample of 220 professionals and 120 nonprofessionals with a good mix of both genders in the two groups. The findings of the study indicated that: (1) career orientations had a far greater influence on the perceived quality-of-life and other factors than gender differences; (2) there was no strong support that the predictors differentially predicted the variance in any of the quality-of-life factors based on gender, or on the career orientations for the entire population; and (3) among the subset of the women in the sample, the multiple-role stress experienced did make a significant difference in how job satisfaction was predicted for the professional as opposed to the nonprofessional women. Further research directions and future trends are suggested.
Concentration of enteroviruses from seawater and tapwater by organic flocculation using non-fat dry milk and casein

The use of casein and non-fat dry milk for the recovery of enteroviruses from seawater and tapwater was investigated. Poliovirus type 1 was recovered with high efficiency (>70% overall recovery) from large volumes of seawater or tapwater, using 1% (w/v) non-fat dry milk buffered at pH 9.0 with 0.05M glycine. Good recovery of low numbers of poliovirus 1 from tapwater was also achieved. The method can also recover other enteroviruses (Poliovirus 2, 3, coxsackievirus B3 and echovirus 4), but appeared inefficient in the recovery of echovirus 1.
Educational and Health Status of 9-14 Year Old <750 gm Birthweight Children. ♦ 1189

Extremely low birthweight children (ELBW, <750 gm) who have survived since the 1980's are now entering adolescence. We compared the health and educational status of 56 ELBW (77% of survivors of a regional cohort born 1982-1986) to 51 750-1499 gm birthweight (VLBW) and 47 normal birthweight(NBW) children who were seen twice at mean ages of 6 and 11 years. At 6 years 8(14%) ELBW vs. 2 (4%) VLBW had neurosensory deficits, and 12 (21%) ELBW vs. 3(6%) VLBW vs. no NBW children had an IQ <70 (Kaufman MPC).
Influences of Gums, Soy Protein Isolate, and Heating Temperatures on Reduced‐Fat Meat Batters in a Model System

ABSTRACT: Effects of incorporation of iota-carrageenan, sodium alginate (AL), and soy protein isolate (SPI) in comparision with control (CONT) on the textural and physicochemical properties of reduced-fat (15%) meat emulsions heated to various internal temperatures were investigated. Lower percent fat and waster losses for treatements containing gums or soy protein isolate than those of CONT indicated that addition of gums and soy protein isolate could improve emulsion stability. AL had the greatest water-holding capacity at the higher endpoint temperatures (76.7°C and 82.2°C), wich was possibility due to the formation of a heat-stable alginate gel. The SPI had the highest concentration of salt-soluble protein in either raw or cooked meat batter.
The BW 2 regime: an unstable disequilibrium bound to unravel

The paper presents a critical analysis of the Bretton Woods 2 (BW2) hypothesis. According to this view China, other Asian economies and other emerging market economies follow mercantilist policies of maintaining fixed pegs to the US dollar at undervalued levels as a way to pursue export-led growth. The view in the paper is that there is indeed a BW2 regime in some regions of the world. But it is argued that BW2 is different from the first Bretton Woods system: BW2 is structurally unstable and fragile and will unravel over the horizon of the next few years, not a decade or longer. This unraveling could lead to a sharp fall for the US dollar and the US bond market with high real collateral costs with a disorderly rebalancing of the global economy.
Severe interscapular pain and increased creatine kinase activity: the answer was in the ankles

Severe thoracic back pain with increased creatine kinase activity is a clinical presentation that suggests a variety of life threatening conditions. If initial examination is unrevealing, multiple diagnostic tests are usually performed attempting to identify the origin of the problem, sometimes neglecting apparently unrelated subtle physical findings. A patient is described in whom this was the initial presentation of a sensory demyelinating neuropathy, resulting in a diagnostic challenge. This case expands the differential diagnosis of severe thoracic back pain and increased creatine kinase activity, and illustrates the importance of physical examination in reaching a final diagnosis.
The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America

Margot Canaday, The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009), xix+277 pp. $19.95 (paper and e-book). Recent conceptio...
A Coupled MALS-DRI Method for Simultaneous Zimm and ∂n/∂c Plot Construction

Two of the most sample-intensive and time-consuming experiments in dilute-solution polymer science are the construction of a Zimm plot and of a specific refractive index increment plot. We present results of the off-line coupling of multi-angle light scattering to differential refractometry detection for the purpose of constructing both these plots using a single set of sample dilutions and injections. Results from the coupled method compare favorably to results from individual detection experiments in which the detectors are decoupled from each other. The method presented here reduces sample consumption, time, disposables, and waste generation by a factor of two relative to the traditional approaches.
Order in the optic nerve of goldfish

A small amount of horseradish peroxidase, injected into the goldfish optic nerve and transported into the retina, filled an annulus of ganglion cells. Since the retina grew by annular addition of cells, this result shows that axons from cells of similar age clustered together in the nerve.
On the homotopy inverse limits of transfer maps

In this note, we shall apply this theorem to the study of certain hornotopy inverse limits of transfers maps arising from homological approximation results of Friedlander and Mislin [F-M a]. This work formed part of my Ph.D. thesis written under the direction of Professor Gunnar Carlsson. I am especially indebted to him for bringing [F-M aJ to my attention. We first recall the following homological approximation result of Friedlander and Mislin.
Fine structural organization of the rectum in the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (Meig.) with special reference to connective tissue, tracheae and neurosecretory innervation in the rectal papillae

The rectal epithelium of Calliphora is made up of three quite distinct cell types: rectal, cortical and junctional cells. The thin wall of the rectal pouch is made up of rectal cells which are relatively simple and unspecialized; their general structure does not suggest any direct participation in ion transport. A function of ion and water transport can probably be ascribed to the cortical cells, which are arranged in the form of four cones which project into the rectal lumen. The cavity of each cone is filled up with tracheae, nerve and neurosecretory terminals, and connective tissue to form medulla. The medulla and cortex are separated from each other by deeply staining bridges or trabeculae to form an infundibular space. The most conspicuous feature of the cortex is the presence of an extensive intercellular sinus formed by complex infoldings of the lateral plasma-membranes. It is postulated that fluid, which is absorbed from the rectal lumen, is transported into the intercellular sinus and finally reaches the haemolymph via the infundibular space. The actual site of ion transport is probably the stacks of lateral plasma-membrane which are closely associated with mitochondria. The junctional cells, which are packed with microtubules, form a collar around the base of the papillae at the point of their insertion into the rectal wall. It is suggested that the neurosecretory terminals present in the medulla might release a hormone which controls rate of ion and water reabsorption by the papillae cells.
Evaluating Coronary Heart Disease Risk: Tiles in the Mosaic

SELECTED CASE An asymptomatic 34-year-old white man was referred to the Lipid Clinic of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment. His father died at the age of 39 years of a myocardial infarction, and his 2 paternal uncles developed symptomatic coronary artery disease by the age of 40 years. The search for conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors was unrevealing. The patient exercised regularly and had never smoked tobacco products. Physical examination revealed a normotensive man within 5% of his ideal body weight. His fasting concentrations of blood glucose (5.33 mmol/L [96 mg/dL]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (1.76 mmol/L [68 mg/ dL]) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.06 mmol/L [41 mg/dL]) were all within normal limits. However, his fasting plasma triglyceride concentration was increased (6.64 mmol/L [588 mg/dL]) as was his apolipoprotein B concentration at 3.90 mmol/L (151 mg/dL) (normal range, 1.94-3.33 mmol/L [75-129
Higher education's new playbook: Learning Reconsidered

The rules that dictate educational practice on most campuses were written prior to the invention of movable type and long before scientists fully understood learning as an integrated and context-specific process. Jane Fried summarizes two documents that may well replace the tired old playbooks of yore.
Vapor-Assisted Remodeling of Thin Gold Films

In this paper we present the results of a systematic study of the remodeling of ultrathin (<20 nm) gold films by exposure to condensable vapors of volatile solvents. The starting gold films, deposited on glass, consist of closely packed gold nanoparticles with controlled nominal thickness. Heating to relatively low temperature (60−120 °C) and exposure to condensable vapor carried by flowing N2 gas lead to remodeling of the films' morphology. Electron and atomic force microscopy images show that the gold nanoparticles coalesce and form islands, interconnected networks, or holey continuous films, depending on the exposure time and the initial film thickness. Associated changes in the UV−vis spectra are similar to those seem in previous studies of thin gold films. Remodeling does not occur for films heated in a vacuum, immersed in solvent, or exposed to gases carrying saturated condensable vapor. Remodeling also occurs for other condensable vapors including water. Intermittent exposure of the films to ambien...
Perturbation approach to optimal connection of HVDC to AC power systems

Abstract The question of where to implant HVDC transmission networks in an existing AC power system is addressed in terms of its influence on the dynamic behaviour of the integrated system. A dynamic state-space model of the AC system is used as a starting point. The DC flows perturb this model with regard to the sensitivity functions, and the variations of the system matrix are calculated. An integral criterion is used to evaluate the overall system dynamics with several configurations. Variation of this criterion indicates the influence various HVDC subsystem configurations have on the dynamics of the whole system. These procedures are illustrated by calculations performed on a realistic power system.
COLOUR POLYMORPHISM IN THE GRASSHOPPER PAULINIA ACUMINATA

Paulinia acuminata grasshoppers, which are usually green, are found to become darker when feeding on brown Salvinia under natural conditions. In the laboratory the response is not homochromic but is due to melanin deposition, which may be associated with the unfavourable diet and hyperactivity. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG FARBPOLYMORPHISMUS BEI DER HEUSCHRECKE PAULINIA ACUMINATA Heuschrecken der Art Paulinia acuminata wurden 1971 zur biologischen Bekampfung des Wasserunkrauts Salvinia molesta auf dem Karibasee importiert. Unter naturlichen Bedingungen scheinen sich die Heuschrecken der Farbe des Nahrungssubstrates anzupassen. Die haufigeren grunen Insekten finden sich auf grunen Pflanzen, olivgrune bis braune Insekten auf braunen Pflanzen (Homochromie nach Thomas, 1974). Im Laboratorium anderten grune Paulinia, welche auf braune Salvinia gesetzt wurden, ihre Farbe in dunkelgrun bis fast schwarz, wahrend dunkle Paulinia auf grunen Salvinia hellgrun wurden. Der Farbumschlag erfolgte auch bei absoluter Dunkelheit und bei blinden Insekten. Er war unbeeinflusst von der Farbe des Hintergrundes und deshalb nicht homochrom. Braune Salvinia hatten nachteilige physiologische Effekte auf Paulinia. Die Farbe gruner Paulinia-Morphen beruht auf einer Pigmentmischung eines blauen Pigments, Mesobiliverdin, und eines gelben Karotinoids, wahrscheinlich s-Carotin. Offenbar benotigen die Insekten fur die Mesobiliverdinsynthese eine Diat gruner Salvinia. Die Melanisierung der Kutikula scheint verantwortlich zu sein fur die Farbe dunkler Paulinia. Die Farbe verandert sich nur nach Hautungen, da Melanin wahrend der Hartung und des Dunkelwerdens in die frische Kutikula eingelagert wird. Die Melanisierungsintensitat wurde verandert nach mindestens funftagiger Futterung auf braunen Salvinia. Wie bei gewissen andern Insekten ist die Melanineinlagerung mit Hyperaktivitat verbunden. Auf braunen Salvinia gefutterte Paulinia waren viel aktiver als solche von grunen Pflanzen.
Review of prevalence and outcome of vascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Objectives Review the literature to determine the prevalence and outcome in patients with diabetes that undergo surgery to correct carotid artery stenosis, lower extremity arterial disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Design and materials Studies were obtained from searches over the past 15 years on the National Library of Medicine's online search engine. Results The review demonstrated an equivalent prevalence of carotid artery stenosis requiring surgery in patients with diabetes, it favored no increase risk of post-CEA stroke, and it was split on perioperative morbidity and mortality risk. There was an increase prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease requiring surgery in patients with diabetes, it favored equivalent patency and limb salvage rates, and it was split on the morbidity and mortality risk. The review demonstrated a decrease in AAA prevalence among patients with diabetes, it found an increase in the morbidity risk, and equivalent mortality risk. Conclusions Stroke, graft patency, and limb salvage rates in patients with diabetes after surgery are similar to patients without diabetes; however, their risk of complications is increased after surgery and the mortality risk may be higher after CEA.
Tracking sustained chaos: A segmentation method

We introduce a segmentation control method to sustain chaotic transients in dynamical systems. The sustained transient can be tracked as a system parameter is substantially varied, allowing sustained chaotic transients far away from crisis parameter values. The method is applied to a chaotic ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$ laser as well as to a hyperchaotic continuum mechanics model.
Development of a PEM Fuel Cell Electrode Coating Testbed

Two of the largest barriers to PEMFC commercialization are the materials costs for individual components, especially platinum catalyst, and the fact that few large-scale manufacturing capabilities currently exist. This paper focuses on the development of a testbed which will be used for evaluating coating technologies for use in the manufacture of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell electrodes. More specifically, the focus is on diffusion electrode architecture, in which the catalyst layer is applied to a gas diffusion layer (GDL) rather than on the membrane. These electrodes are used for both low- and high-temperature PEM fuel cells. A flexible web coating testbed has been designed and built to allow for testing of different gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and GDL deposition methods. This testbed, which is approximately two meters in length, includes a variety of both coating and drying capabilities as well as additional space for quality measurement and control system testing. Testbed capabilities and planned experimentation is discussed in detail. In the future, various non-contact deposition methods for the microlayer and catalyst inks will be investigated (e.g., direct spray, ultrasonic spray) to determine those that will provide higher throughput and repeatability through increased process control capability, while improving electrode performance.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Investigations of Spin‐Wave Interactions by the Parallel Pumping Technique

The imaginary part of the parallel pump susceptibility has been measured over a wide range of power levels and applied dc fields. Some of the structure present in the susceptibility curves is explained by a confluence process between two parametrically excited spin waves. The square of the frequency of the relaxation oscillations, which are frequently present in parallel pump excitation, has been found to increase linearly with the square of the magnetic field.
Ion-exchanged ultrastable Y zeolites: II. Alkaline earth-exchanged zeolites

The preparation and structural characteristics of alkaline earth-exchanged ultrastable Y zeolites (MII, H-USY) are described and discussed. MII, H-USY zeolites were prepared at different exchange pH. These materials have good crystallinity and stability. Their thermal stability decreases with increasing ionic radius of the alkaline earth metal. The Bronsted acidity shows a similar trend. However, the affinity for zeolitic sites increases with ionic radius. The infrared spectra of MII, H-USY zeolites in the OH stretching region and in the framework vibrational region are described. Pyridine adsorption experiments indicate the presence of both Bronsted and Lewis acidity. Steaming results in decrease of Bronsted acidity, shrinking in unit cell size, further dealumination of the zeolitic framework, and cationic migration.