cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of C1300 Neuroblastoma Cells to Evaluate the Protective Value of Hexamethonium, Trimethaphan, Hemicholinium, and Triethylcholine against Diisopropyl Phosphorofluoridate Toxicity

Our intent was to evaluate the C1300 neuroblastoma cell as an in vitro system for studying the mode of action and efficacy of drugs used to treat or prevent organophosphate intoxication. The anticholinergic drugs hexamethonium, trimethaphan, and hemocholinium and the triethylcholine and cholinesterase/reactivator 2‐pyridine aldoxime methochloride (2‐PAM) have been shown to be effective in preventing intoxication by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (also known as diisopropyl fluorophosphate, DFP) in vivo. We determined their efficacy in preventing cell death (as measured by trypan blue exclusion) of neuroblastoma cells alone or in combination. We also determined their efficacy in reversing the cytotoxic effects of DFP on cell DNA synthesis (as measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation), cell RNA synthesis (as measured by [3H]uridine incorporation), and on cell protein synthesis (as measured by [3H]leucine incorporation). The maximal nontoxic doses of the drugs in vitro were determined. All anticholinergic agents studied reduced the cytotoxicity of DFP using one or more parameters. 2‐PAM, the cholinesterase reactivator, enhanced the cytotoxicity of DFP on cultured cells at a high concentration (1 mg/mL) and reduced it at a lower concentration (0.3 mg/mL). All four anticholinergic agents were capable of enhancing the uptake of [3H]thymidine. Only hexamethonium and hemicholinium reversed DFP inhibition of DNA synthesis. RNA synthesis was not affected by any anticholinergic agent and no agent reversed DFP inhibition of RNA synthesis. Protein synthesis was enhanced by every anticholinergic agent except hemicholinium; the inhibition of protein synthesis by DFP was reversed by trimethaphan and triethylcholine. The results indicated that the prophylactory effects of anticholinergics against organophosphate intoxication, observed in vivo, can be observed using an in vitro cell culture system. Our data suggest that in vitro systems can be used to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of drugs used to protect against organophosphate intoxication.
Factors Leading African Americans and Black Caribbeans to Use Social Work Services for Treating Mental and Substance Use Disorders

This secondary analysis of 5,000 African Americans and black Caribbeans explored how their use of social work services to address mental and substance use disorders was associated with the disorder involved as well as their perceived need for services, belief system, family resources, proximity to services, social-structural factors, and demographic characteristics. The sample was extracted from a national data set. Results of multinomial logistic regression showed that use of social work services was increased by dual diagnosis, substance use disorder alone, and mental disorder alone; by deteriorating mental health; by perceived stigma in treatment use; by welfare receipt and insurance coverage for mental health services; and by college graduation. Results also showed that use of services outside social work was promoted by dual diagnosis, substance use disorder alone, and mental disorder alone; by deteriorating mental health; by experience of racial discrimination; by insurance coverage for mental health services; by college education or graduation; and by female gender and increasing age. The findings' implications for social work intervention and education are discussed.
An analytical approach to the capacitance-voltage characteristics of double-heterojunction HEMTs

The two-dimensional electron gas concentration and capacitance in AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs double-heterojunction high-electron-mobility transistors (DH-HEMTs) are calculated as a function of gate voltage using simple iterative solutions of analytical equations. The results show very good agreement with experimental data, as well as with characteristics predicted by complex numerical methods. The calculations are extended to predict the capacitance-voltage characteristics in the presence of parasitic conduction when the gate does not fully control the two-dimensional gas. The developed charge control and capacitance models are easy and inexpensive to run. They are therefore very useful for microwave circuit designs. Furthermore, they can be used for performance prediction and design optimization of DH-HEMTs. The influence of technological parameters, such as layer thickness and aluminum composition, on device performance are presented. >
Fast data access on multiple broadcast channels

We give an overview on techniques for quickly finding items that are broadcast on multiple data channels. Previous works assume that throughput increases with the number of data channels because the total available bandwidth increases. This assumption, however, rests on the client's ability read data as soon as it is broadcast on any channel. Without this ability, the benefit of additional channels is compromised as the search space for data also increases. We describe the consequences of increasing the number of broadcast channels on search. We then offer candidate search techniques and show their effects on three metrics: search time, tuning time, and hop count.
A stabilized mixed finite element method for the first-order form of advection-diffusion equation

This paper presents a stabilized mixed finite element method for the first-order form of advection-diffusion equation. The new method is based on an additive split of the flux-field into coarse- and fine-scale components that systematically lead to coarse and fine-scale variational formulations. Solution of the fine-scale variational problem is mathematically embedded in the coarse-scale problem and this yields the resulting method. A key feature of the method is that the characteristic length scale of the mesh does not appear explicitly in the definition of the stability parameter that emerges via the solution of the fine-scale problem. The new method yields a family of equal- and unequal-order elements that show stable response on structured and unstructured meshes for a variety of benchmark problems.
DraGnET: Software for storing, managing and analyzing annotated draft genome sequence data

New "next generation" DNA sequencing technologies offer individual researchers the ability to rapidly generate large amounts of genome sequence data at dramatically reduced costs. As a result, a need has arisen for new software tools for storage, management and analysis of genome sequence data. Although bioinformatic tools are available for the analysis and management of genome sequences, limitations still remain. For example, restrictions on the submission of data and use of these tools may be imposed, thereby making them unsuitable for sequencing projects that need to remain in-house or proprietary during their initial stages. Furthermore, the availability and use of next generation sequencing in industrial, governmental and academic environments requires biologist to have access to computational support for the curation and analysis of the data generated; however, this type of support is not always immediately available. To address these limitations, we have developed DraGnET (Draft Genome Evaluation Tool). DraGnET is an open source web application which allows researchers, with no experience in programming and database management, to setup their own in-house projects for storing, retrieving, organizing and managing annotated draft and complete genome sequence data. The software provides a web interface for the use of BLAST, allowing users to perform preliminary comparative analysis among multiple genomes. We demonstrate the utility of DraGnET for performing comparative genomics on closely related bacterial strains. Furthermore, DraGnET can be further developed to incorporate additional tools for more sophisticated analyses. DraGnET is designed for use either by individual researchers or as a collaborative tool available through Internet (or Intranet) deployment. For genome projects that require genome sequencing data to initially remain proprietary, DraGnET provides the means for researchers to keep their data in-house for analysis using local programs or until it is made publicly available, at which point it may be uploaded to additional analysis software applications. The DraGnET home page is available at http://www.dragnet.cvm.iastate.edu and includes example files for examining the functionalities, a link for downloading the DraGnET setup package and a link to the DraGnET source code hosted with full documentation on SourceForge.
Breast Cancer and Silicone Implants: Psychological Consequences for Women

One of every nine women in the United States is expected to develop breast cancer at some point in her lifetime. An estimated 180000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year (7-5). For many of these women, excision of the tumor, resulting in surgical modification of the breast, is the primary component of the treatment response. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (4) estimates that approximately 20% of these women elect breast implant surgery following mastectomy. The use of breast implants, particularly silicone implants, has generated considerable discussion in scientific forums, clinical treatment settings, lay consumer groups, legislatures, and regulatory agencies. Surgical insertion of breast implants dates back to the initial use of polyvinyl alcohol sponges (5). However, relatively few implant procedures were performed until the
Die Wirkung der hypertonischen Lösung nach der Membranbildung

Wir besitzen eine viel bequemere Methode, die Eier des Seeigels nach der Membranbildung vor dem Zerfall zu retten, als die im vorigen Kapitel mitgeteilte; und diese Methode erlaubt es uns in jedem Falle, alle Eier, welche eine Membran besitzen, zur Entwicklung zu bringen. Sie besteht, wie schon erwahnt, darin, das wir die Eier nach der Membranbildung eine kurze Zeit in hypertonisches Seewasser bringen. Ubertragen wir dieselben dann zur rechten Zeit aus der hypertonischen Losung in normales Seewasser, so furchen sich alle Eier und alle entwickeln sich zu Larven; und bei einem Teil dieser Larven ist diese Entwicklung vollig normal.
Polyostotic osteonecrosis in a patient with celiac disease.

ABSTRACT Objective To emphasize the role of history and physical examination in the clinical evaluation of hypocalcemia and to describe a patient with celiac sprue and multiple osteonecrosis, a previously unrecognized association. Methods A case report is presented of a 39-year-old man with mild hypocalcemia, diarrhea, and arthralgias, and the appropriate clinical and laboratory assessment for these complaints is outlined. Results Secondary hyperparathyroidism, celiac sprue, and extensive osteonecrosis were detected by hematologic and radiologic studies. The hematologic variables normalized after institution of a gluten-free diet and calcium supplementation. Conclusion This is the first report of celiac sprue and osteonecrosis in one patient. A possible causal relationship due to secondary hyperparathyroidism is suggested, and alternative explanations are discussed. (Endocr Pract. 1996; 2:385-388)
Further Updating of the 2005 Utah Disability Law Center Report – A Case Studies Approach of Duchesne County Utah, 2008 Part II

An additional case study is made of how physically and/or mentally handicapped individuals are treated by the legal system in Duchesne County, Utah. It is found that Duchesne County is not able to effectively provide basic legal rights, such as representation by a competent public defender.
Asian American Speech, Civic Place, and Future Nondisabled Bodies

The essay explores the temporal and bodily politics of “Silent No More” slogans, asking in particular about the role of metaphor in the relation between vocality and citizenship.
A Simplified Method for Sampling Small Animal Carcasses for Analyses.

SummaryA method is described for sampling small animal carcasses which enables representative aliquots to be taken of the output of a Waring blendor. Before blending, the animal carcass is autoclaved to soften the tissues. Samples are withdrawn from the blendor while the equipment is in operation and the contents of the blendor are being actively mixed. Thirty-three rat carcasses were analyzed for moisture, protein and energy using this technique of sampling. The coefficients of variation (i.e., variation among samples, within animals) found for analytical values of homogenates and derived analytical values for fresh carcasses varied from 0.25 to 1.19%. The largest coefficients of variation were found for per cent protein of homogenates (1.19%) and of fresh carcasses (0.95%). Other coefficients of variation observed were: per cent moisture in homogenates and fresh carcasses, 0.25 and 0.58%; and calories/g of homogenates and fresh carcasses, 0.32 and 0.34%, respectively.
The population biology of two litter decomposing agarics on a southern Appalachian mountain

Two litter decomposing agarics, Collybia subnuda and Marasmiellus praeacutus, were intensively sampled on permanent plots on a southern Appalachian mountain. Collybia subnuda is a dominant decomposer of deciduous tree detritus and M. praeacutus is a dominant decomposer of coniferous detritus. Tests of somatic incompatibility indicate that the observed population densities of C. subnuda and M. praeacutus are not less than 3.9-9.3 genets/100 m2 and 7.1-12.1 genets/100 m2, respectively. Self-crosses of single spore isolates obtained from both species indicate that C. subnuda has a bipolar mating system and M. praeacutus is tetrapolar. This is the first report of a bipolar mating system in the genus Collybia. Tests of somatic incompatibility between synthesized dikaryons and their parent progenitor indicate that somatic incompatibility tests can discriminate between closely related genets in some species but cannot in others.
A simple animal can use a complex stimulus pattern to find a location: Nematode thermotaxis in soil

Newly hatched infective juveniles of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita have recently been found to migrate in very shallow thermal gradients to a preferred temperature that is several °C above the temperature to which they were acclimated. Possible functions of this unusual behavior were explored by computer modeling of the movement of such nematodes in the dynamic thermal environment typical of soil. Reliable estimates were available for all the required parameters. The model predicts that, as the diurnal temperature fluctuations at the surface penetrate into the soil, a nematode located below the surface will move upward during part of the day and downward during the rest of the day. However, the distances moved upward and downward do not balance and there is a net change in depth over a period of days. The net change is upward or downward depending on the physiological parameters of the nematode and its depth. Using the best estimates available for the parameters, it is predicted that nematodes starting at any depth between 0 and 15 cm would move toward an intermediate depth of about 5 cm. It is hypothesized that, in the absence of chemical cues, this response leads the nematodes toward a level that is optimal for locating the roots of host plants. This suggests that simple organisms may make use of much more complex stimulus patterns than was previously realized.
Algebraic Equations whose Roots form Regular n-Gons in the Complex Plane

(1979). Algebraic Equations whose Roots form Regular n-Gons in the Complex Plane. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 770-771.
Book and Resource Reviews

Reviews the book "Conversational Learning," by Ann C. Baker, Patricia J. Jensen, and David A. Kolb.
Side effects of antipsychotic medications: Physician's choice of medication and patient compliance

In a general overview of side effects caused by typical antipsychotics, George W. Arana, M.D., described the wide range of side effects that can affect every physiologic system in the body. Sexual, reproductive, and central nervous system side effects were also discussed, and the impact of medication side effects on compliance and the patient’s quality of life were considered. Despite superior efficacy, minimal EPS, and lack of hyperprolactinemia, the prototypic atypical antipsychotic clozapine has generally been underutilized for the treatment of schizophrenia because of associated serious side effects, according to Del D. Miller, Pharm.D., M.D. Since clozapine carries the risk of agranulocytosis, it is indicated only for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, because of mandatory blood monitoring, the incidence of agranulocytosis and its associated mortality has been greatly reduced in recent years, and most other side effects of clozapine can generally be managed medically. The side effects associated with typical antipsychotics are usually minimal in patients taking risperidone, said Robert R. Conley, M.D. Weight gain is less likely to be problematic with risperidone treatment than with either clozapine or olanzapine treatment. Moreover, although increased prolactin levels have been reported in patients taking risperidone, little correlation has been found between prolactin levels and adverse events.
Considering Children’s Economic Agency: Work and School Decisions in Kanchipuram, India

This chapter queries the remarkable yet unremarked silencing of working children’s perspectives in policy approaches to child labor in India. The increasing mobilization by the policy community for the complete prohibition of child labor in the country—the so-called “blanket-ban” on child labor—reifies and reinscribes the global construction of childhood as a period of dependence and discipline; in effect, erasing children’s roles as economic actors in their own right. Drawing on ethnographic research with working children in Kanchipuram and on anthropology of policy and childhood studies perspectives, this chapter offers a critique of the policy orthodoxy on child labor by foregrounding children’s “flexitarian” responses to the transnational “no work more school” mantra enforced in the area in the past two decades. Children not only exercised economic agency in making decisions for work and/or school and acting on them, their logics demonstrated a sophisticated awareness of the local economy and a longer-term horizon of calculations towards achieving their (nonformal sector) aspirations. By foregrounding and explicating children’s situated logics and aspirations, this chapter contributes to the meager literature on children’s economic agency. More pressingly, it underlines the need for alternative approaches to schooling and work that better accommodate children’s aspirations and agency, particularly in contexts increasingly marked by neoliberal arrangements of production and consumption.
Skills and Training Course in Robotic Laparoscopic Urology

Yesterday’s humor is today’s reality. Robotic surgery provides the minimal invasiveness of laparoscopy with better precision, more freedom of motion, and lack of tremor. The initial step of training protocol for proficiency and credentialing in robot-assisted surgery would be skills on operating the robot in labs and then progressing onto mastery of procedure-specific nuances. Proctoring and preceptoring are two different but indispensible approaches to converting the laboratory and simulation expertise into operative ability. The training of the support team including the theater staff and first assistant is another important aspect of achieving proficiency and optimal outcomes in robotic urology. Ethical issues and cost factors limit the widespread use of robots in the training program.
Verifying Security Properties in Modern SoCs Using Instruction-Level Abstractions

This chapter describes a methodology for system-level security verification of modern Systems-on-Chip (SoC) designs. These designs comprise interacting intellectual property (IP) blocks which are often sourced from third-party vendors and contain both hardware accelerators and programmable cores executing firmware. Verifying that SoCs meet their security requirements in this context is especially challenging. These challenges relate to: (1) specifying security properties for verification, and (2) verifying these properties across firmware and hardware.We address the latter by raising the level of abstraction of the hardware modules to be similar to that of instructions in software/firmware. This abstraction, referred to as an instruction-level abstraction (ILA), plays a role similar to the instruction set architecture (ISA) for general purpose processors and enables high-level analysis of SoC firmware. In particular, the ILA can be used instead of the cycle-accurate and bit-precise register transfer level (RTL) implementation for scalable verification of system-level security properties in SoCs.Manual construction of the ILA in the context of third-party IPs can be challenging. Hence, we introduce techniques to semi-automatically synthesize the ILA using a template abstraction and directed simulations of the SoC hardware. We describe techniques to ensure that the ILA is a correct abstraction of the underlying hardware implementation. We then show how the ILA can be used for SoC security verification by designing a specification language for security properties and an algorithm based on symbolic execution to verify these properties. We discuss two case studies which apply ILA-based verification to an example SoC built out of open source components and part of a commercial SoC. The methodology discovered several bugs in the hardware implementation, simulators, and firmware.
Chilling Effect? Post-Election Health Care Use by Undocumented and Mixed-Status Families

Because of common barriers to care, many undocumented immigrants and their families go without needed care, to their detriment and sometimes that of others. Trump administration comments and actions will most likely further dampen health care utilization.
Development of septic polysynovitis and uveitis in foals experimentally infected with Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi is one of the most important causes of disease in foals. Infection is typically characterized by pyogranulomatous pneumonia although extrapulmonary infections occur occasionally. Uveitis and polysynovitis have been reported in foals naturally infected with R. equi and are thought to be the result of an immune-mediated process. However, the pathogenesis of these conditions is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to document the occurrence of uveitis and polysynovitis after experimental infection with R. equi and to determine if these disorders are the direct result of infection at these sites. Foals between 3 and 4 weeks of age were infected intratracheally with virulent R. equi using inocula of 1×108 CFU (high inoculum; n = 16) or 1×107 CFU (low inoculum; n = 12). Foals were monitored twice daily and necropsy was performed 14 days post-infection. Aqueous humor and synovial fluid were collected aseptically and the percentage of affected lung was calculated. The mean (± SD) percentage of affected lung was significantly higher with the high inoculum (31.8 ± 14.6%) than with the low inoculum (14.4 ± 11.4%). Fourteen of 25 foals developed uveitis and 20 of 28 foals developed polysynovitis. R. equi was cultured from the aqueous humor of 11 foals and from the synovial fluid of 14 foals. The risk of development of polysynovitis and protein concentration in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in foals that received the high inoculum. These results indicate that polysynovitis and uveitis are septic complications associated with the severity of lung disease.
A performance assessment of low-cost RTK GNSS receivers

A black-box assessment of five low-cost, RTK-capable GNSS receivers was performed. The objective was to gauge the RTK positioning capabilities of the receivers using the Minnesota Continuously Operating Reference Station (MnCORS) network. Position solutions were collected in rural, suburban and urban environments under static and dynamic test conditions. Performance was measured in terms of accuracy, availability (% of time RTK is reported), continuity (loss of RTK lock statistics) and time to first RTK fix. Results show that low-cost receivers exhibit significant accuracy and availability degradation between different environments. The metrics degraded between static and dynamic testing, though the receivers maintained consistent performance relative to one another.
DD53: Employee-Value: Mein gefühlter psychologischer Arbeitskontrakt (Dezember 2007)

„Helfen will ich! Nicht Apparatemedizin.“ – „Sie haben mir gesagt, ich bekame weniger Gehalt als woanders, dafur ware ich unkundbar und bekame Rente. Alles Makulatur?“ Wir alle haben in unserer Seele etwas gefuhlt, als wir einen Beruf ergriffen oder eine Arbeitsstelle antraten. Das will ich hier den impliziten psychologischen Kontrakt nennen, den wir eingingen. Den kundigen uns gerade die Systeme und bieten uns keinen neuen an.
Diffuse Sources of Pollution by Toxic Metals and Impact on Receiving Waters

Metals are naturally occurring in nature. In receiving water bodies, metals can originate both from natural and anthropogenic sources. Thirteen metals and metalloids have been recognized as potentially hazardous to man's health and aquatic biota and have been included on the Priority Pollutants List (Black List) by environmental control agencies throughout the world.
Autonomic Nervous System Transmission

Rapid synaptic transmission within mammalian autonomic ganglia is mediated by nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) containing both the α3 and β4 subunits. Some nAChRs additionally have β2 or α5 subunits, and in embryonic chicken ciliary ganglia some nAChRs have all four subunits. While autonomic neurons express multiple α3-containing nAChR types, including ones that are expressed presynaptically on terminals, it is not known directly which forms are targeted to which domains of the cell. α7 nAChRs are expressed in both mammalian and embryonic chicken ganglia, but only in the chicken are they involved in synaptic transmission. The autonomic nervous system remains a good model system in which to study nAChR diversity as well as the properties of nAChRs derived from the CHRNA5/A3/B4 cluster, which is linked to nicotine dependence.
The SOSIEL Platform: Knowledge-based, cognitive, and multi-agent

Abstract This article describes the open-source cognitive multi-agent knowledge-based SOSIEL (Self-Organizing Social & Inductive Evolutionary Learning) Platform, designed for building the social components of social-ecological decision support systems, consisting of agents empowered with a cognitive architecture. The platform can simulate the cross-generational progression of one or a large number of agents that can interact among themselves and/or with coupled natural and/or technical systems, learn from their and each other’s experience, create new practices, and make decisions about taking and then take (potentially collective) actions. The platform can also be used for conducting hypothetical experiments that are focused on studying the interactions among: (a) cross-generational population dynamics, (b) self-organizing multi-layered social network structures, (c) evolving place-based knowledge, (d) learning, (e) decision-making, (f) collective action and its potential, and (g) social and (when coupled) social-ecological outcomes. The article describes a simple model that was built with the SOSIEL Platform, which simulates the co-evolution of mental models among socially learning agents.
Use of Continuous EEG Monitoring in Children Presenting With Encephalopathy Following Convulsive Status Epilepticus.

Purpose The Critical Care Continuous EEG Task Force of the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society recommends continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring in patients with persistent encephalopathy following convulsive status epilepticus. This recommendation is based on data, which correlates prolonged nonconvulsive seizures and nonconvulsive status epilepticus with worse neurologic outcomes. Compliance with these recommendations may be limited by barriers such as inadequate resource and staff availability. We surveyed members of the Child Neurology Society to determine the barriers that prevent them from appropriately using cEEG, and how they have successfully overcome such obstacles. Methods A survey was electronically distributed to Child Neurology Society members, which assessed demographics, current clinical practices, and cEEG utilization in critically ill children, with an emphasis on resource availability and strategies to overcome resource limitations. Results One hundred forty-six physicians from Child Neurology Society completed the survey. Fifty-three (39.8%) respondents use cEEG to detect nonconvulsive seizures/nonconvulsive status epilepticus in most (>90%) of their pediatric patients who present with persistent encephalopathy following convulsive status epilepticus. Forty-four respondents (34.4%) perceive barriers to performing cEEG monitoring, and 107 (84.9%) of the respondents are implementing changes to overcome barriers. The two most commonly reported barriers included inadequate availability of technicians and EEG machines. The most common changes included hiring new EEG technologists and purchasing new machines. Other barriers included identification of appropriate patients and availability of remote EEG monitoring capabilities. Conclusions Barriers, such as resource limitations, prevent compliance with the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society cEEG monitoring recommendations. Recognizing common limitations and learning from each other about successful strategies to overcome these barriers may improve care.
High intensity interval training improves physical performance in aged female mice: A comparison of mouse frailty assessment tools

Frailty syndrome increases the risk for disability and mortality, and is a major health concern amidst the geriatric shift in the population. High intensity interval training (HIIT), which couples bursts of vigorous activity interspersed with active recovery intervals, shows promise for the treatment of frailty. Here we compare and contrast five Fried physical phenotype and one deficit accumulation based mouse frailty assessment tools for identifying the impacts of HIIT on frailty and predicting functional capacity, underlying pathology, and survival in aged female mice. Our data reveal a 10-minute HIIT regimen administered 3-days-a-week for 8-weeks increased treadmill endurance, gait speed and maintained grip strength. One frailty tool identified a benefit of HIIT for frailty, but many were trending suggesting HIIT was beneficial for physical performance in these mice, but the 8-week timeframe may have been insufficient to induce frailty benefits. Finally, most frailty tools distinguished between surviving or non-surviving mice, whereas half correlated with functional capacity measured by nest building ability, and none correlated with underlying pathology. In summary, this study supports the ongoing development of mouse assessment tools as useful instruments for frailty research.
Análisis de la influencia de un due diligence en la venta de una empresa

La investigacion se centra en un analisis acerca de la manera que puede influir un proceso de Due Diligence en la venta de una empresa. En este caso, la venta de una empresa del retail. Se describe la metodologia de un Due Diligence, para conocer en profundidad el proceso, se explican los posibles resultados de este, se identifican el o los efecto(s) en la empresa en estudio y se confirma la real ingerencia del Due Diligence en la venta de la empresa retail, a traves de la informacion publica obtenida. Se presenta, finalmente, el resultado del Due Diligence, que proporciona una serie de circunstancias que pueden influir tanto para la empresa vendedora y el inversor, condicionando la valorizacion de la empresa, para llegar a un precio final, a una oferta concreta que sea aceptada por ambas partes y que sea justa para cada una de ellas
Effect of thoracic versus cervical anastomosis on anastomotic leak among patients who undergo esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiation

Abstract Objective To assess the rate and effect of anastomotic leak among patients who undergo esophagectomy with either thoracic or cervical anastomosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Esophagectomy Data File. We included adult patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (2016-2017) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. We used inverse probability of treatment weighted regression adjustment to compare 30-day anastomotic leak and mortality rates among patients with cervical or thoracic anastomoses. We accounted for confounding due to patient-, surgeon-, and procedure-related variables. Results Of the 908 patients who met inclusion criteria, 528 (58%) had a thoracic anastomosis and 119 (13%) experienced anastomotic leak. There was no statistically significant difference in leak rate for patients who underwent thoracic (12%) compared with cervical anastomoses (14%) in the inverse probability of treatment weighted regression adjustment analysis (P = .09). Although overall 30-day mortality was low (2.3%), it was significantly higher among patients who had an anastomotic leak (8.4% vs 1.4%; P Conclusions Anastomosis type does not affect leak rates or mortality after esophagectomy in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Patient risk factors and surgeon experience should determine the ideal surgical approach for each patient.
[Risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Shiqu County Sichuan Province: a case-control study].

OBJECTIVE To identify the main risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province, so as to provide the reference for the formulation of echinococcosis control strategies in Shiqu County. METHODS During the period from November 2015 through June 2017, the patients with cystic echinococcosis (case group) and healthy controls (control group) were randomly sampled from Shiqu County as the study subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted to capture the study subjects'age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, religion, lifestyle, education level, number of household dogs, bovine and sheep, and density of dog feces in the courtyard. The major risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis were identified using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression analysis showed 7 risk factors with statistical significance between the case and control groups, and age, lifestyle, number of household bovine, number of household sheep, number of house-hold dogs, and the density of dog feces in the courtyard were included in the multivariate logistic regression model (OR = 1.026, 4.792, 1.067, 1.022, 1.709 and 1.095, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High age, pastoral nomadic lifestyle, high number of house-hold bovine, high number of household sheep, high number of household dogs and high density of dog feces in the courtyard are strongly associated with the riks of human cystic echinococcosis in Shiqu County.
Baryogenesis and Dark Matter from Freeze-In

We propose a simple model in which the baryon asymmetry and dark matter are created via the decays and inverse decays of QCD-triplet scalars, at least one of which must be in the TeV mass range. Singlet fermions produced in these decays constitute the dark matter. The singlets never reach equilibrium, and their coherent production, propagation, and annihilation generates a baryon asymmetry. We find that the out-of-equilibrium condition and the dark matter density constraint typically require the lightest scalar to be long-lived, giving good prospects for detection or exclusion in current and upcoming colliders. In generalizing the leptogenesis mechanism of Akhmedov, Rubakov and Smirnov, our model expands the phenomenological possibilities for low-scale baryogenesis.
Representing All of California to the World

Leaving theory, this chapter puts forward a number of suggestions offered not only by scholars in the field, but also by practitioners and, most importantly, those currently observing and/or leading California’s international work. Further, two very specific case studies provide insight into the changing structure of diplomacy and the practicalities of creating more local/global connections. The first case is a brief description of the evolution of the British diplomatic structure as recent changes offer many lessons for California’s future infrastructure based on the continuing devolution of the United Kingdom (and the more dramatic potential for shift in diplomatic structures post-Brexit). The second case study includes the ongoing efforts in Northern California between the city of Eureka and the Wiyot Tribe in terms of repatriating land and self-determination at the local level.
Locked versus open ward environments and restrictive measures in acute psychiatry in Greece: Nursing students' attitudes and experiences.

Purpose To examine student nurses' attitudes and experiences of door policies and restrictive measures in acute psychiatric care. Methods A mixed-method study with 274 third-year students. Results Participants' attitudes towards door locking and other containment measures appeared to be more a matter of custom, practice and tradition at particular units. The therapeutic benefits of open doors was the central organizing element in open units experiences while locked doors appeared to be "invisible" when the locked unit was perceived as a caring environment. Practical implications Exploring student nurses' attitudes towards crucial and debatable aspects of mental health practice contributes in cultivating a critical and analytical attitude towards the service they provide necessary for supporting a recovery mental health model and building a strong professional identity.
Therapeutic implications of statins in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a review of current literature

Statins are one of the standard treatments to prevent cardiovascular events such as coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF). However, data on the use of statins to improve clinical outcomes in patients with established HF remains controversial. We summarized available clinical studies which investigated the effects of statins on clinical outcomes in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Statins possess many pleiotropic effects in addition to lipid-lowering properties that positively affect the pathophysiology of HF. In HFrEF, data from two large randomized placebo-controlled trials did not show benefits of statins on mortality of patients with HFrEF. However, more recent prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses have shown decreased risk of mortality as well as cardiovascular hospitalization with statins treatment. In HFpEF, most prospective and retrospective cohort studies as well as meta analyses have consistently reported positive effects of statins, including reducing mortality and improving other clinical outcomes. Current evidence also suggests better outcomes with lipophilic statins in patients with HF. In summary, statins might be effective in improving survival and other clinical outcomes in patients with HF, especially for patients with HFpEF. Lipophilic statins might also be more beneficial for HF patients. Based on current evidence, statins did not cause harm and should be continued in HF patients who are already taking the medication. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the benefits of statins in HF patients.
The Customer's Nonwaivable Right to Choose Arbitration in the Securities Industry

Arbitration has been the predominant form of dispute resolution in the securities industry since the 1980s. Virtually all brokerage firms include predispute arbitration agreements (PDAAs) in their retail customer contracts, and have successfully fought off challenges to their validity. Additionally, the industry has long mandated that firms submit to arbitration at the demand of a customer, even in the absence of a PDAA. More recently, however, brokerage firms have been arguing that forum selection clauses in their agreements with sophisticated customers (such as institutional investors and issuers) supersede firms’ duty to arbitrate under FINRA Rule 12200. Circuit courts currently are split over whether, under general principles of contract interpretation, FINRA member firms can circumvent their duty to arbitrate by inserting forum selection clauses in their customer agreements. Most of these courts have not addressed the argument that the antiwaiver provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (section 29(a)) bars securities firms from forcing customers to waive their right to arbitrate disputes. The Supreme Court long ago interpreted section 29(a) to apply to waivers of substantive rights arising under the Exchange Act. Is the right to * Professor of Law, Pace Law School. This Article benefited immensely from comments received at the Third Annual Corporate and Securities Litigation Workshop at Boston University School of Law and the Ninth Annual AALS ADR Works-in-Progress Conference at Texas A&M University School of Law. I am grateful for the extraordinary research assistance of Rana Abihabib, J.D., Pace Law School, May 2016, and Gail F. Whittemore, J.D., M.L.I.S., Reference/Special Collections Librarian, Pace Law School. 384 BROOK. J. CORP. FIN. & COM. L. [Vol. 10 arbitrate in the FINRA forum, which is heavily regulated by the SEC to promote investor protection, a right that cannot be waived? This Article will explore the interaction between the anti-waiver provision of the Exchange Act, and the right of a customer to demand a particular dispute resolution process. This Article argues that investors’ long-standing right to choose arbitration in the securities industry is a right that brokerage firms cannot force their customers to waive.
A Two-Step Oxidation Mechanism Controlled by Mn Migration Explains the First-Cycle Activation Behavior of Li2MnO3-Based Li-Excess Materials

Li-excess materials created by incorporating Li2MnO3 into traditional layered transition-metal oxides promise to substantially increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries. The precise redox mec...
Molecular determinants of phase separation for Drosophila DNA replication licensing factors

ABSTRACT Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in proteins can drive the formation of membraneless compartments in cells. Phase-separated structures enrich for specific partner proteins and exclude others. We have shown that the IDRs of metazoan DNA replication initiators drive DNA-dependent phase separation in vitro and chromosome binding in vivo, and that initiator condensates selectively recruit specific partner proteins. How initiator IDRs facilitate LLPS and maintain compositional specificity is unknown. Using D. melanogaster (Dm) Cdt1 as a model initiation factor, we show that phase separation results from a synergy between electrostatic DNA-bridging interactions and hydrophobic inter-IDR contacts. Both sets of interactions depend on sequence composition (but not sequence order), are resistant to 1,6- hexanediol, and do not depend on aromaticity. These findings demonstrate that distinct sets of interactions drive self-assembly and condensate specificity across different phase-separating systems and advance efforts to predict IDR LLPS propensity and specificity a priori.
Comparison of hexagonal and rectangular processor arrays

This paper presents a comparison of the performance between a hexagonal network and a rectangular network under similar conditions. It also presents a comparison of performance of data transmission among cores between a proposed technique and a more standard technique. A hexagonal arrangement was used in the hopes that the additional connectivity would provide an increase in performance. An increase in performance was found, but only a modest one. The proposed technique does quite well at low injection rates compared with the standard technique, but not so well at high injection rates.
Network Management and Diagnosis of Enterprise-Wide Networks

PCs and workstations are the tools of choice for many workgroup applications. When attached to increasingly large and complex Local Area Networks (LANs), they share their own resources and those in diverse widely distributed servers. Increasingly, Wide Area Networks (WANs) are linking these LANs to form geographically distributed LAN/WANs with large numbers of computing and communication components. An effective network management system for these new enterprise networks must help manage a variety of vendor equipment, operating systems, and software components. The open systems solution to this problem is to define a widely accepted Network Management systems framework and a standard for a Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) [1,2]. Although the International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) committees have made good progress, these new heterogeneous networks will have a large diversity of standard and proprietary components. The installed base of these networks will continue to grow for many years to come. For this reason, OSI compliant LAN/WAN Network Management Systems architectures should provide modular adaptation to a variety of standardized and proprietary component types. They must also grow gracefully in modular increments, and remain operational in the presence of the very problems and incompatibilities it is designed to help manage.
Seeing the World in the Same Way

When two people watch the same movie, are their brains activated in the same way? This question is addressed in a new study ([ Hasson et al .][1]) that seeks to use the functional magnetic resonance imaging signals from one person's brain as that person watches a movie, to predict the signals in another individual's brain when that person watches the same movie segment. In an accompanying Perspective, [Pessoa][2] discusses the results and ponders whether humans experience movies in the same manner. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/303/5664/1634 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5664/1617
Reverse transcription of the Mauriceville plasmid of Neurospora : lack of ribonuclease H activity associated with the reverse transcriptase and possible use of mitochondrial ribonuclease H

Abstract The Mauriceville mitochondrial plasmid of Neurospora encodes a reverse transcriptase that synthesizes a full-length cDNA copy of the major plasmid transcript beginning directly opposite the 3' end of the template RNA (Kuiper, M. T. R., and Lambowitz, A. M. (1988) Cell 55, 693-704). Here, we show that the Mauriceville plasmid reverse transcriptase has no detectable RNase H activity and that cDNAs synthesized either by the column-purified reverse transcriptase or by the endogenous reverse transcriptase in purified ribonucleoprotein particles remain in a full-length duplex with the template RNA. The column-purified Mauriceville plasmid reverse transcriptase initiates cDNA synthesis by using short DNA primers, which remain attached to the 5' end of the (-) strand DNA (Wang, H., Kennell, J. C., Kuiper, M. T. R., Sabourin, J. R., Saldanha, R., and Lambowitz, A. M. (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 5131-5144). We find that these primer DNAs can be precisely removed by S1 nuclease digestion of the initial cDNA.RNA duplex, suggesting a mechanism whereby this structure may contribute to primer removal in vivo. Finally, we show that Neurospora mitochondria contain an endogenous RNase H activity, which is present in mitochondrial ribonucleoprotein particle preparations prior to their purification. This mitochondrial RNase H can degrade the endogenous plasmid transcript in ribonucleoprotein particles in vitro and could play a similar role in vivo. The finding that the Mauriceville plasmid reverse transcriptase, which is believed to be a primitive enzyme, has no detectable RNase H activity is consistent with the hypothesis that retroviral reverse transcriptases acquired their RNase H domains from a gene encoding a cellular RNase H.