cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Fluorescence Calibration: a Tool for Assessing the Quality of Data Obtained by Fluorescence Measurements

Over the last three decades, fluorescence has become the most widely used detection method in biomedical science. Fluorescence measurements are utilized in basic and translational research, method development, medical laboratory tests, clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. This renders the availability of objective methods to assess the quality of data obtained by these measurements very critical for research scientists, clinical laboratory personnel, and regulatory reviewers as is addressed in this chapter.
Draft Genome Sequence of Catellicoccus marimammalium, a Novel Species Commonly Found in Gull Feces

Catellicoccus marimammalium is a relatively uncharacterized Gram-positive facultative anaerobe with potential utility as an indicator of waterfowl fecal contamination. Here, we report an annotated draft genome sequence that suggests that this organism may be a symbiotic gut microbe.
Radar resource management for UESA

This paper describes how a circular UHF electronically scanned array like that being considered by the US Navy could be used to simultaneously perform both airborne early warning (AEW) searches and high update rate tracking of a few targets. Taxonomies of the various search and track modes are reported, and an example radar resource configuration is described in detail.
Under the Law: Legal Consciousness and Radical Environmental Activism

A growing body of sociolegal scholarship focuses the study of law away from formal texts and legal institutions and toward the experiences and perceptions of “everyday” citizens. This study introduces seventeen “radical” environmentalists who engage a repertoire of tactics that includes some actions that involve relatively severe forms of illegality. This research seeks to investigate the role of civil disobedience and lawbreaking within the radical environmental movement and the corresponding legal consciousness of movement actors. Utilizing ethnographic fieldwork and content analysis, this analysis suggests that Ewick and Silbey’s (1998) three-tiered model of legal consciousness is an operative starting point, but could be enhanced through theoretical expansion. This study proposes a new category of legal consciousness—Under the Law—that views the law as the protector and defender of a social order that is fundamentally illegitimate. Under the Law is qualitatively different from existing conceptualizations of legal consciousness and reaffirms the mutually constitutive nature of law and society. lsi_1168 799..824
Deciphering How Cells Make Energy

How do you determine if something is true? Suppose a prospector offers to sell you some gold. Is it real gold, or a cheap imitation concocted of copper and silver? You could be swindled. How would you know for sure? The answer, of course, is simple: you conduct a test . In the case of a gold sample, you apply a bit of nitric acid (what alchemists of old knew as aqua fortis ). As metallurgists have known for centuries, this acid solution is strong enough to dissolve many metals, but not gold. To 18th-century prospectors, this simple check offered the critical empirical evidence. They called it the acid test . Since then, the phrase has become applied more broadly. It now refers to any definitive test for authenticity. Scientists use tests all the time, too. It’s their business to develop reliable claims. Indeed, in conventional depictions of the scientific method – promoted in part by school textbooks – all tests in science seem definitive. Theories yield forth simple questions. Researchers design simple experiments. The results are simple, too. They indicate clearly whether to accept the hypothesis as true or flatly reject it as false. That is, in the popular imagination, every scientific test is an acid test of sorts. This helps foster a reverential deference to anything calling itself scientific. Here, I explore this potent and widespread impression, this month’s Sacred Bovine. Textbooks often turn to history to celebrate how some classic experiment decisively proved a new, possibly controversial theory. One remarkable example from the 1960s helped show how cells process energy. The study demonstrated how membrane gradients, then considered largely a secondary outcome of cell processes, were likely central to generating the cell’s standard energy molecule. Coincidentally for the discussion here, the tests involved soaking plant cells in an …
Roles of RAD6 Epistasis Group Members in Spontaneous Polζ-Dependent Translesion Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA lesions that arise during normal cellular metabolism can block the progress of replicative DNA polymerases, leading to cell cycle arrest and, in higher eukaryotes, apoptosis. Alternatively, such blocking lesions can be temporarily tolerated using either a recombination- or a translesion synthesis-based bypass mechanism. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, members of the RAD6 epistasis group are key players in the regulation of lesion bypass by the translesion DNA polymerase Polζ. In this study, changes in the reversion rate and spectrum of the lys2ΔA746 −1 frameshift allele have been used to evaluate how the loss of members of the RAD6 epistasis group affects Polζ-dependent mutagenesis in response to spontaneous damage. Our data are consistent with a model in which Polζ-dependent mutagenesis relies on the presence of either Rad5 or Rad18, which promote two distinct error-prone pathways that partially overlap with respect to lesion specificity. The smallest subunit of Polδ, Pol32, is also required for Polζ-dependent spontaneous mutagenesis, suggesting a cooperative role between Polδ and Polζ for the bypass of spontaneous lesions. A third error-free pathway relies on the presence of Mms2, but may not require PCNA.
A 1/4°-Spatial-Resolution Daily Sea Surface Temperature Climatology Based on a Blended Satellite and in situ Analysis

AbstractA new sea surface temperature (SST) climatological mean was constructed using the first 30 years (1982–2011) of the NOAA daily optimum interpolation (OI) SST. The daily analysis blends in situ and satellite data on a ¼° (~25 km) spatial grid. Use of an analysis allows computation of a climatological value for all ocean grid points, even those without observations. Comparisons were made with a monthly, 1°-spatial-resolution climatology produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, computed primarily from the NOAA weekly OISST. Both climatologies were found to provide a good representation of major oceanic features and the annual temperature cycle. However, the daily climatology showed tighter gradients along western boundary currents and better resolution along coastlines. The two climatologies differed by over 0.6°C in high-SST-gradient regions because of resolution differences. The two climatologies also differed at very high latitudes, where the sea ice processing differed betwe...
The Dynamics of Complex Functions

Many interesting and beautiful results in dynamics are seen in the realm of complex functions. In the last two chapters of this text we examine Newton’s method for complex functions and the dynamics of the quadratic map qc(z) = z2 + c when z is complex. Both of these subjects yield interesting mathematics, as well as beautiful illustrations. In particular, the well-known Mandelbrot set is intimately connected with the dynamics of the quadratic map.
Analysis of the Equiangular Spiral Antenna on a Dielectric Substrate

While the first equiangular spiral antennas were slots cut from a thin conductive sheet, the widespread availability of cheap photoetching fabrication has made it more common for the spiral to be printed on a dielectric substrate. This paper examines the effects of the substrate on the spiral's performance. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is used to model the spiral over a range of configurations. The results are used to construct a design graph that shows that the substrate significantly affects the impedance of the antenna. The results also show that the substrate can negatively impact the bore-sight gain and radiation patterns. Measurements from two spirals are used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model.
Defective Myofibroblast Formation from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Aging Murine Heart: Rescue by Activation of the AMPK Pathway

Aged mice in a murine model of myocardial infarction exhibit less effective myocardial repair. We hypothesized that the deficiency arises from altered lineage choice of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and faulty maturation of myofibroblasts. Examination of cardiac MSCs revealed a substantial reduction in the pluripotency marker Nanog in cells from aged mice. In addition, the aged MSCs demonstrated a redirected lineage choice that favored adipocytic commitment over fibroblast or myofibroblast differentiation. Fibroblasts derived from aged MSCs demonstrated reduced expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptors I and II and diminished SMAD3 phosphorylation, associated with attenuated contractility and migration. Overexpression of constitutively active TGF-β receptor I in aged cardiac fibroblasts ameliorated their defective motility but did not improve their contractility. Culturing of MSCs and fibroblasts with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside) to activate adenosine monophosphate–activated kinase resulted in TGF-β–dependent development of myofibroblasts with markedly enhanced contractility despite no reduction in adipocytic commitment or increased expression of TGF-β receptors and SMAD3 phosphorylation. The data suggest an adenosine monophosphate–activated kinase–dependent gain of function as mediated by phosphorylation of TGF-β–activated kinase 1 and p38 mitogen–activated protein kinase, which amplifies the response to TGF-β1 via a non-canonical pathway, thus compensating for the reduced expression of TGF-β receptors.
Measuring the Supply Chain Competency of Nations: The Case of India

While many companies in the developed world have successfully implemented supply chain concepts with spectacular results, it is still a new concept in many developing countries including India. A country’s competitiveness may be thought of as the result of the combined activities of the firms operating within the country. Efficient supply chains enable the firms to compete better. Measuring the efficiency or competency of a country's supply chain thus can lead the planners to a more effective development strategy. Additionally, some suggestions are offered for improving the competency of the Indian economy.
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome with Neonatal Onset

We describe 2 cases of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), which is a rare disorder of auto-immunity, chronic persistent or recurrent lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and hyper gamma globulinemia (1gG, 1gA). Both cases presented in neonatal period which is a rare age of presentation in this disease. A 20 days old female neonate presented with respiratory symptoms which rapidly progressed needing ventilatory support. There was hepatomegaly and no auscultatory findings in the chest. Serial CBCs (complete blood counts) showed persistent leucocytosis with predominant lymphocytosis. Her chest X-ray showed left sided consolidation which responded poorly to antibiotics. Her prompt clinical response to steroids raised the suspicion of autoimmunity and the diagnosis was established after a negative bone marrow examination for leukemia and a positive result for ALPS on flow cytometry. The second case presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia starting in neonatal period followed by persistent lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent infections which responded poorly to antibiotics. Diagnosis was delayed due to low index of suspicion, and finally achieved with multiple radiological studies, histopathology and flow cytometry.
EVOLUTION OF THE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES OF FISHES

ABSTRACT . The evolution of the L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) structural genes as well as the evolution of their regulation has been elucidated by investigating the number, electrophoretic properties, tissue specific expression, and immunochemical relatedness of the LDH isozymes in fishes. The most primitive vertebrates probably possessed a single LDH locus similar to the LDH A locus of today. This single locus genotype is reflected in the LDH phenotype of some contemporary Agnatha. A duplication of this ancestral locus, via polyploidization, has apparently given rise to the LDH A and B loci, each of which exhibits extensive homology in structure, function, and regulation throughout the vertebrates today. All of the Chondrichthyes examined possess both LDH subunits. A third LDH locus, LDH C, which arose from a duplication of the LDH B locus, is first observed in the primitive bony fishes, the chondrosteans. Many of the more primitive bony fishes (including the chondrosteans, holosteans, and some primitive teleost orders) exhibit a generalized function of the C gene, with the C 4 isozyme being synthesized in many tissues and possessing different relative electrophoretic mobilities from species to species. In the more advanced orders of teleosts the C gene is restricted sharply in function and in net charge. In most orders of advanced teleosts the C gene encodes a retinal specific isozyme with a large net negative charge, whereas in some families in the orders Cypriniformes and Gadiformes the C gene codes for a liver predominant isozyme with a net positive charge. The LDH C gene in the teleosts may be ancestral to the third LDH gene of birds and mammals (characteristically active in the primary spermatocyte). These studies demonstrate that the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes provide an excellent model system for studying the origin and evolution of the structure and regulation of homologous genes.
Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors. Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk. Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002). Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level). Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.
On Proton Mobilities in Individual Hydrogen Bonds

The hydrogen bond has been under intense scrutiny in physical and chemical systems since its definition by Latimer and Rodebush in 1920 /1,2/. Investigations in biological systems, however, are of much more recent vintage. Indeed, the pioneering investigations of Lowdin /3/ were among the first attempts to characterize the role of protonic motion in hydrogen bonds in the properties of biological macromolecules. In particular, Lowdin /3/ stressed the importance of proton tunneling, and showed that this provides a mechanism for transfer and for loss of information stored in the form of proton position in a double well. Recent experimental advances, particularly in the area of picosecond spectroscopy /4/, have made it possible to experimentally observe the motion of molecular subunits, and the promise of being able to delineate the tunneling process has reemphasized the need for an understanding of the dynamics of protons in hydrogen bonds.
Foreign Guests Hosted

I start with the apology that my memory is not what it should be, so I may not recall all of the guests that visited us during my fifty plus years on the NU chemistry faculty. Furthermore, I cannot remember some of the dates of their visits, so few dates will be given. The order of the visitors will be alphabetical, by country.
Compositional consistency of a heteropolysaccharide-7 produced by Beijerinckia indica

The component sugars of heteropolysaccharide-7 (PS-7) produced by Beijerinckia indica were rhamnose and glucose (1.0:4.8, mol:mol) by gas chromatographic analysis. Galacturonic acid, previously reported as a repeat unit of PS-7, was not found in purified PS-7. The yield of PS-7 varied with physiological conditions, such as concentration of carbon source and initial pH of medium, but the molar ratio of rhamnose to glucose stayed within 1.0 to 4.6-5.1. B. indica utilized glucose and some glucose analogs as carbon sources and produced exopolymers, although there was no direct incorporation of these sugars into PS-7. The molar ratio of rhamnose to glucose in each polymer synthesized from glucose-related sugars showed no significant variation (1.0 to 4.5-4.7)
A Bright Fluorescent Probe for H2S Enables Analyte-Responsive, 3D Imaging in Live Zebrafish Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical gaseous signaling molecule emerging at the center of a rich field of chemical and biological research. As our understanding of the complexity of physiological H2S in signaling pathways evolves, advanced chemical and technological investigative tools are required to make sense of this interconnectivity. Toward this goal, we have developed an azide-functionalized O-methylrhodol fluorophore, MeRho-Az, which exhibits a rapid >1000-fold fluorescence response when treated with H2S, is selective for H2S over other biological analytes, and has a detection limit of 86 nM. Additionally, the MeRho-Az scaffold is less susceptible to photoactivation than other commonly used azide-based systems, increasing its potential application in imaging experiments. To demonstrate the efficacy of this probe for H2S detection, we demonstrate the ability of MeRho-Az to detect differences in H2S levels in C6 cells and those treated with AOAA, a common inhibitor of enzymatic H2S synthesis. Expandi...
Effect of Disinfectant, Water Age, and Pipe Material on Occurrence and Persistence of Legionella, mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Two Amoebas

Opportunistic pathogens represent a unique challenge because they establish and grow within drinking water systems, yet the factors stimulating their proliferation are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of pipe materials, disinfectant type, and water age on occurrence and persistence of three opportunistic pathogens (Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium avium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), broader genera (Legionella and mycobacteria), and two amoeba hosts (Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmanella vermiformis). Triplicate simulated distribution systems (SDSs) compared iron, cement, and PVC pipe materials fed either chlorinated or chloraminated tap water and were sampled at water ages ranging from 1 day to 5.7 days. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantified gene copies of target microorganisms in both biofilm and bulk water. Legionella, mycobacteria, P. aeruginosa, and both amoebas naturally colonized the six SDSs, but L. pneumophila and M. avium were not detected. Disi...
Unlubricated Sliding Wear of Nickel Aluminides at Room Temperature and 400°C

Unlubricated sliding tests were performed at room temperature and at 400°C on polycrystalline Ni 3 Al with and without boron and on IC218, an alloy containing nickel plus 8.94 Al, 7.55 Cr, 0.88 Zr, 0.015 B and 0.01 Hf (all in wt. %). A pjn/disk geometry was used with self-mated samples in air and vacuum (1.3×10 -3 Pa). Normal load was 1.5 kg (14.7 N), sliding speeds were 15–19 mm/s and sliding distances were 145–175 m. It had been expected that materials with and without boron would behave differently during sliding because of their well-known differences in ductility and fracture resistance. However, sliding behavior was similar for materials with and without boron. Environmental effects were more dramatic. For tests in vacuum, the friction trace was very noisy and the average coefficient of friction varied erratically during most of each test. Wear debris ranged from 100 μm to 1 mm in size. Wear scars were smooth, but with signs of heavy deformation. All test materials exhibited smoother sliding behavior in air than in vacuum, but the wear rate was usually higher in air. Debris particles were finer, most of them were at least partially oxidized, and they included at least one ferromagnetic component, probably arising from selective oxidation. It is suggested that the increased wear rate in air is related to oxygen-enhanced fracture of these nickel aluminides.
Effect of capillary and marangoni forces on transport phenomena in microgravity.

The Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) experiment concerns a transparent, simple, “wickless” heat pipe operated in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS). In a microgravity environment, the relative effect of Marangoni flow is amplified because of highly reduced buoyancy driven flows as demonstrated herein. In this work, experimental results obtained using a transparent 30 mm long CVB module, 3 mm × 3 mm in square cross-section, with power inputs of up to 3.125 W are presented and discussed. Due to the extremely low Bond number and the dielectric materials of construction, the CVB system was ideally suited to determining if dry-out as a result of Marangoni forces might contribute to limiting heat pipe performance and exactly how that limitation occurs. Using a combination of visual observations and thermal measurements, we find a more complicated phenomenon in which opposing Marangoni and capillary forces lead to flooding of the device. A simple one-dimensional, thermal-fluid fl...
In vivo synthesis of ascorbic acid by the alloxan diabetic rat.

SummarySynthesis of ascorbic acid is not impaired in the alloxan diabetic rat, indicating that the hexokinase reaction is not necessary for this synthesis. Ascorbic acid excretion by the alloxan diabetic rat and the alloxan-treated but nondiabetic rat is greater than for the normal rat while on evaporated milk only.
ConTaCT: deciding to communicate during time-critical collaborative tasks in unknown, deterministic domains

Communication between agents has the potential to improve team performance of collaborative tasks. However, communication is not free in most domains, requiring agents to reason about the costs and benefits of sharing information. In this work, we develop an online, decentralized communication policy, ConTaCT, that enables agents to decide whether or not to communicate during time-critical collaborative tasks in unknown, deterministic environments. Our approach is motivated by real-world applications, including the coordination of disaster response and search and rescue teams. These settings motivate a model structure that explicitly represents the world model as initially unknown but deterministic in nature, and that de-emphasizes uncertainty about action outcomes. Simulated experiments are conducted in which ConTaCT is compared to other multi-agent communication policies, and results indicate that ConTaCT achieves comparable task performance while substantially reducing communication overhead.
Descrying the World in the Wave Function

Etude de la conception de la vision du monde developpee par W. Sellars a partir d'une articulation de l'image manifeste, d'une part, apprehendant le monde tel que nous le voyons, le pensons et l'experimentons, et l'image scientifique, d'autre part, postulant l'existence d'entites imperceptibles. Examinant la theorie du lien entre ces deux images, l'A. montre que la dichotomie manifeste/scientifique permet de mieux comprendre l'interpretation de la mecanique quantique de Bohr et le probleme de la mesure dans la theorie de Bohm
A Micro-Bioassay Method for Estrogen.

SummaryVery small amounts of test substances can be assayed for estrogenic activity by injecting them into the lumen of the castrate uterus of rat or mouse and observing hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and depletion of basal phospholipid of the epithelium. Additional criteria are appearance of glycogen in the uterine muscle of the rat and mobilization of alkaline phosphatase in the mouse.
Survey and analysis on psychological and social support needs of 433 pulmonary tuberculosis patients among the floating population

Objective To investigate the psychological and social support needs of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) patients among the floating population,and to serve as the foundation for providing the corresponding psychological and social support.Methods A questionnaire was adopted in the survey.Among the 433 PTB participants,information on their general demographic characteristics,psychological and social support needs were collected.Results The PTB patients among the floating population who were afraid of their disease when incurred in a large proportion,accounting for 72.5%.And the proportions of patients with fear and do-not-care attitude were respectively 10.4% and 17.1%.Compared with the younger patients,the proportions of older patients with worry and fear attitude were lower,while do-not-care attitude were higher.Most of the patients were willing to tell their families about their disease status.54.0% of the participants would like to alleviate their mental burden using psychological counseling or talking to a medical staff,and there was a significant difference between male and female.With knowing their sickness,the families' attitudes to patients were preferable,compared with discrimination from a few other people.Conclusion The poorer psychological health and lower social support of the PTB patients among the floating population were calling for more specific and systematic psychological and social support to improve psychological health and treatment compliance of the patients.
Association between hypoalbuminemia and surgical site infection in vulvar cancers

Abstract Objective To determine if preoperative hypoalbuminemia is associated with postoperative wound complications among patients with vulvar cancer. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for cases of vulvar cancer undergoing vulvectomy with or without lymphadenectomy (LND) from 2008 to 2013. Primary outcome was major wound complication. Secondary outcome was minor wound complication. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as albumin Results Of 777 vulvar cancer patients, 514 (66.2%) had vulvar surgery alone and 263 (30.3%) had a LND. Median age was 66 (range 20–90) and median BMI was 28.9 kg/m 2 (range 14.3–65.5). The incidence of wound complication was 10.4% (81/777) with 48 minor and 39 major complications. There was no difference in major wound complications when a LND was performed (p = 1.0). Preoperative albumin was recorded in 429 patients (55.2%). Patients with hypoalbuminemia were more likely to have a major wound complication (OR 2.9 95% CI 1.1–7.3, p = 0.02), even after adjusting for BMI, age, preoperative hematocrit, and diabetes (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.1–7.1, p = 0.04). In bivariable analysis, age, diabetes, and BMI were not associated with wound complication. Patients with a wound infection had 10 times the odds of being readmitted within 30 days (OR 9.5, 95% CI 4.9–18.4, p Conclusions Low preoperative albumin is associated with major postoperative wound complications in women undergoing surgery for vulvar cancer. When obtaining informed consent, patients with low albumin should be counseled regarding higher risks of postoperative wound complication.
Retinopathy of prematurity screening leading to cardiopulmonary arrest: fatal complication of a benign procedure.

A 6-week-old female infant born at 31 weeks of gestation was brought to the ophthalmology office for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. One drop of phenylephrine (2.5%) and tropicamide (1%) ophthalmic solution was instilled in each eye for ROP evaluation. She was breast fed about 5 min after receiving the medication. She was covered in a blanket and soon her mother could not feel her suckling. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated with return of spontaneous circulation in 1–2 min. She was admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit and monitored overnight. After an uncomplicated hospital course, she was discharged the following day. It was determined that the eye drops had induced cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) as apnoea and bradycardia of prematurity resolve by 36 weeks and CPA occurred within minutes of the medication administration. Identification of CPA, prompt intervention and awareness of the offending agent is of prime importance in management of such complications.
Machiavelli’s Summary of the Affairs of the City of Lucca: Venice as buon governo

In recent years, Niccolo Machiavelli’s historical and political writings from the 1520s have attracted increased attention. Students of Machiavelli coming from a wide range of interpretive approach...
Preliminary Results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology & Risk Factors for TTP (SERF-TTP) Group: A Prospective Case-Control Study of Idiopathic TTP.

SERF-TTP is the first prospective case-control study to investigate epidemiology, risk factors & outcomes in patients with first episode of idiopathic TTP. METHODS: Each case of TTP is identified upon referral for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Exclusion criteria include organ or allogeneic stem cell transplant, anti-neoplastic therapy or malignancy. 2 age & gender-matched controls are identified for each case. Epidemiologic information, lab data & plasma samples are collected from each case. Case & control data are collected by standardized interview. Relative risk & 95% CI computed by chi-squared tests. ADAMTS13 activity & inhibitor are centrally measured on pre-TPE samples. ADAMTS13 activity is measured by FRETS-vWF73 assay (Peptides Int.). ADAMTS13 inhibitor is assessed by Technozym ADAMTS13 INH ELISA (Technoclone). RESULTS: Data is available for 67 cases & 138 controls. The median age of cases is 40, & 82% are female. Medical history & exposures are shown in Table 1. Clinical & lab characteristics vary by ADAMTS13 activity (Table 2). Low titer ADAMTS13 inhibitors are detectable in some patients with normal ADAMTS13 activity. 30 day survival of cases is 95.7%. Adverse reactions to TPE occur in 59% of patients, most commonly allergic(85%) or citrate-related reactions(65%). 14.7% had a venous access complication, 50% were catheter-related thromboses. 10% of all adverse events required an ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results from the case-control study suggest that predisposing factors for the development of TTP include recent infection or connective tissue disorder. Cardiovascular disease, prior history of venous thrombosis, clopidogrel use and lower income are more common in TTP cases than controls. Patients with normal ADAMTS13 activity are more likely to present with higher platelet count, abnormal renal function and neurologic symptoms.
Research Instruction and Resources in the Transactional Skills Classroom: Approaches to Incorporating Research Instruction into Transactional Skills Courses

Professors Lori Johnson, Jeanne Price, and Eric Franklin discuss methods of teaching legal research skills in the context of a transactional law class.
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: Clinicopathological features, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes.

650Background: Peritoneal mesothelioma (PeM) is an orphan disease with approximately 300-400 cases diagnosed in the United States each year. Due to its rarity, data on its presentation and prognost...
Energy efficient and side-channel secure hardware architecture for lightweight cipher SIMON

Design of ultra-lightweight but secure encryption engine is a key challenge for Internet-of-Things (IOT) edge devices. We explore the architectural design space for datapath of 128-bit SIMON, a lightweight block cipher, to simultaneously increase energy-efficiency and resistance to power based side-channel analysis (PSCA) attacks. Alternative datapath architectures are implemented on FPGA (Spartan-6, 45nm) to perform power, performance and area (PPA)) analysis. We show that, although a bit-serial datapath minimizes area and power, a round unrolled datapath provides 919× higher energy-efficiency and 210× higher performance, compared to the baseline bitserial design. Moreover, the PSCA measurements demonstrate that a 6-round unrolled datapath improves minimum-traces-to-disclosure (MTD) for correlation power analysis (CPA) by at least 384× over baseline bitserial design with no successful CPA even with 500,000 measurements.
Molecular Chaperones: Do they Have a Role in Cold Stress Responses of Plants?

Molecular chaperones are proteins that assist in the in vivo biogenesis of enzymes and structural proteins. They participate in biogenesis in several ways by: binding to non-native nascent peptides emerging from ribosomes thereby preventing irreversible aggregation prior to folding, maintaining translocation across organelle membranes by stabilizing unfolded translocation competent forms, and helping in the assembly of oligomeric complexes. Numerous aspects of these processes are sensitive to high temperatures and consequently many molecular chaperones were first characterized as heat shock proteins. Generally lower temperatures increase the stability of proteins favoring the native state. However, there is a theoretical basis for a decreased stability and denaturation of some, so called “cold labile” proteins, and some aspects of translocation and assembly may also be similarly influenced by low temperature. The dehydration stress imposed during a freeze/ thaw cycle may further alter the intracellular milieu in ways that could favor protein denaturation. An examination of the RNA levels of several members of one family of molecular chaperones, the HSP70s, in response to exposure of spinach to 5°C revealed a pattern of differential expression that is consistent with a hypothesis that suggests that certain components of the protein biogenesis machinery requires some level of augmentation. It is proposed that chilling injury may arise, in part, from an impairment of normal protein biogenesis leading to an inability to form, or maintain, functional enzymes and structural proteins essential for cell homeostasis. Since the native state is stabilized at low temperature for most proteins, abnormalities in protein biogenesis would not be a global consequence, but only affect a subset of the proteins present in chilling sensitive plants.
Chapter 2 The twelve principles of green engineering as a foundation for sustainability

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Twelve Principles of Green Engineering as a foundation for sustainability. The Twelve Principles of Green Engineering is a tool for asking the right questions, considering the right factors, and building in the right parameters as design criteria. The examples presented in this chapter, while examples of notable and important innovations, represent merely a sampling of our present day accomplishments that need to be far exceeded by those designers that follow in future generations. It is suggested that without question, design for sustainability is one of today's most complex technical undertakings being engaged by engineers of all types. The Twelve principles of Green Engineering will have unavoidable trade-offs in the designs that must be evaluated and will also exhibit beneficial synergies that must be understood and realized. All of these designs will be taking place in context of dynamic population, economies, scientific understanding, and changing ecosystems.
Bacterial Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenases

The P450 cytochromes are a distinct class of heme thiolate proteins characterized by interactions with organic compounds and carbon monoxide that produce unique spectroscopic properties (1). Together with associated redox components, the P450 heme proteins function as monooxygenases, catalyzing the two-electron reduction of dioxygen to form a molecule of water and an activated oxygen atom (2). The subsequent transfer of this oxygen atom to hydrocarbon substrates constitutes a major pathway of oxygenase activity in biological systems (1–7). Eukaryotes in particular are characterized by a wide distribution of organ and organelle specific P450 monooxygenases, whose diversification is further amplified by multiple isozymes of overlapping substrate specificity, for example in mammalian hepatic tissue. The broad range of substrate selectivity exhibited by P450 cytochromes parallels their involvement in many different types of biological functions. In the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatic cells, P450 cytochromes participate in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds, such as the hydroxylation of the pharmaceutical sedative phenobarbital. Other liver microsomal P450 systems will catalyze the activation of carcinogenic DNA-alkylating agents, as represented by the epoxidation of benzo[a]pyrene derivatives. In contrast, mitochondrial P450 monooxygenases of the adrenal cortex mediate a cascade of anabolic pathways in the biosynthesis of regulatory steroid hormones, such as hydrocortisone.
Effect of sodium salicylate, aspirin, and ibuprofen on enzymes required by the chondrocyte for synthesis of chondroitin sulfate.

Objective To examine the effects of sodium salicylate (Sal), aspirin [acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)] and ibuprofen (Ibu) (as the racemic mixture and the R- and S-enantiomers) on the activities of 2 enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the hexose components of chondroitin sulfate (CS), i.e., UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UDP-GD) and glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate-aminotransferase (GFAT), and of glucuronosyltransferase (GT), an enzyme involved in elongation of the nascent CS chain. Methods UDP-GD and GT were obtained commercially. A homogenate of bovine articular cartilage chondrocytes was employed as a source of GFAT. In each case, enzymatic activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Results Neither UDP-GD nor GFAT was inhibited by concentrations of Sal, ASA or Ibu that were achieved clinically in joint tissues (e.g., 1.0 mM Sal and ASA, 170 microM Ibu). In contrast, GT activity was inhibited by Sal and ASA in a concentration dependent fashion; at 1.0 mM, a concentration commonly reached in synovial fluid of patients treated with an antiinflammatory dose of the drug, GT activity in the presence of Sal and ASA was 54% (p = 0.001) and 75% (p = 0.05), respectively, of the control value. In contrast, a clinically relevant concentration of Ibu had no effect on GT activity. Conclusion Salicylates may suppress cartilage proteoglycan synthesis by inhibiting GT.
A MODEL OF RATIONAL CONSENSUS IN SCIENCE

In a series of papers, I articulated a model of rational consensus concerning questions of science and social policy.1 The problems we are discussing at this conference concern rationality in science and the application of scientific results. They fall within the domain of the model. In this paper, I shall sketch a simple model, consider some objections, and propose a modification of the method recently articulated by my collaborator, Carl Wagner. I shall begin with a normative application of the model and then speculate about whether some empirical phenomena might conform to the model as well.
A note on understanding cycle time

Abstract Various definitions of cycle time exist in literature. In this research, we discuss a select few and focus on cycle time as the average time between successive units of output. We test this definition using two simple derivations of throughput time validated by three numerical examples. The derivations and corresponding examples make use of the readers intuition when analyzing processes described by deterministic inputs.
What Do We Know About Online Coursetaking, Persistence, Transfer, and Degree Completion Among Community College Students?

Surprisingly, and despite the vast literature on the subject, there is little agreement on the most vital issues surrounding online learning in community colleges. While some studies report that community college students are hampered by online course enrollment, others have found that community college students who take online courses are more likely to persist and succeed in the long term. With this in mind, the present essay will review and synthesize the empirical research literature in order to establish what is known about online coursetaking and the effects on community college students with regard to course completion, persistence, transfer, and degree completion.
Quantifying Crime Prevention Potential of Near-Repeat Burglary:

The space-time risk window associated with near-repeat burglary patterns would seem to present a natural opportunity for burglary prevention efforts. However, constraints associated with the report...
Detecting Non-Control-Flow Hijacking Attacks Using Contextual Execution Information

In recent years, we see a rise of non-control-flow hijacking attacks, which manipulate key data elements to corrupt the integrity of a victim application while upholding a valid control-flow during its execution. Consequently, they are more difficult to be detected hence prevented with traditional mitigation techniques that target control-oriented attacks. In this work, we propose a methodology for the detection of non-control-flow hijacking attacks via employing low-level hardware information formatted as time series. Using architectural and micro-architectural hardware event counts, we model the regular execution behavior of the application(s) of interest, in an effort to detect abnormal execution behavior taking place at the vicinity of the vulnerability. We employed three distinct anomaly detection models: a traditional support vector machine (SVM), an echo state network (ESN), and a heavily modified k-nearest neighbors (KNN) model. We evaluated the proposed methodology using seven real-world non-control-flow hijacking exploits that target two vulnerabilities in modern web servers and three vulnerabilities in the OpenSSL library. Because our proposed detection methodology employs the contextual information across the temporal domain, we are able to achieve an average classification accuracy of 99.36%, with a false positive rate (FPR) of 0.79% and false negative rate (FNR) of 0.53%, respectively.
Effect of sildenafil on stable chronic heart failure: a prospective randomized-controlled clinical trial

Background Patients with systolic heart failure (HF) who develop secondary pulmonary hypertension have reduced exercise capacity and increased mortality compared with HF patients without pulmonary hypertension. A defective nitric oxide signaling is involved in left ventricular (LV) diastolic abnormalities and remodeling. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition, by blocking degradation of nitric oxide second-messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate, might be beneficial. Aim of the study In our study, we tested the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition (sildenafil) on LV ejection fraction, diastolic function, pulmonary artery pressure, and clinical status. Patients, methods, and results One hundred HF patients (New York Heart Association classes II–IV) were assigned randomly to placebo or sildenafil (50 mg three times per day) for 6 months, with assessment at the first and 6 months of LV ejection fraction, diastolic function, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and exercise performance (using 6 min walk test). The two groups studied were similar in terms of age, sex distribution, etiology of cardiomyopathy, the prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation, LVEDD, LA dimensions, and pulmonary artery pressure as well as drug therapy is given to each group all through the study period (P > 0.05). After 1 month of therapy, there was a significant increase in LV ejection fraction and a decrease in pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the sildenafil group (P 0.05). Doppler-derived variables of LV diastolic function improved significantly in the sildenafil group (P 0.05). Over 6 months of therapy and follow-up, LV ejection fraction increased from 31.5 ± 5.4 to 36.4 ± 3.5 and the difference was not significant between the two groups (P > 0.05), whereas in the sildenafil group, ejection fraction % increased significantly from 30.6 ± 4.5% at baseline to 45.6 ± 5.4% (P 0.05), whereas in the sildenafil group, it decreased significantly from 48.3 ± 17.7 to 28.4 ± 6.4 mmHg (P Conclusion In patients with HF, long-term use of sildenafil was well tolerated. This therapeutic regimen (50 mg three times per day) promoted a sustained significant improvement in LV systolic and diastolic function properties in comparison with placebo.
The Land‐Sea Breeze of the Red Sea: Observations, Simulations, and Relationships to Regional Moisture Transport

Unique in situ observations of atmospheric conditions over the Red Sea and the coastal Arabian Peninsula are examined to study the dynamics and regional impacts of the local land-sea breeze cycle (LSBC). During a 26-month data record spanning 2008-2011, observed LSBC events occurred year-round, frequently exhibiting cross-shore wind velocities in excess of 8 m/s. Observed onshore and offshore features of both the land- and sea-breeze phases of the cycle are presented, and their seasonal modulation is considered. Weather Research and Forecasting climate downscaling simulations and satellite measurements are used to extend the analysis. In the model, the amplitude of the LSBC is significantly larger in the vicinity of the steeper terrain elements encircling the basin, suggesting an enhancement by the associated slope winds. Observed and simulated conditions also reflected distinct gravity-current characteristics of the intrinsic moist marine air mass during both phases of the LSBC. Specifically, the advance and retreat of marine air mass was directly tied to the development of internal boundary layers onshore and offshore throughout the period of study. Convergence in the lateral moisture flux resulting from this air mass ascending the coastal topography (sea-breeze phase) as well as colliding with air masses from the opposing coastline (land-breeze phase) further resulted in cumulous cloud formation and precipitation.
Routledge International handbook of embodied perspectives in psychotherapy

It has indeed been centuries since Spinoza claimed ‘Mind and body do not act upon each other, because they are not other, they are one,’ in his work Ethics III, 2 (http://caute.ru/spinoza/aln/duran...