cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consideration of sex in clinical trials of transdermal nicotine patch: A systematic review

Transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) is one of the most commonly used smoking cessation treatments; however, the efficacy of TNP by sex is not yet clear. The purpose of the current review was to synthesize how sex has been considered in published clinical trials of TNP for smoking cessation. The specific aims of the study were to examine the inclusion of sex in analyses of cessation outcomes, TNP-related variables (compliance, side effects), and quit-related variables (withdrawal, cravings); to review the consideration of sex-related variables (menstrual cycle phase, pregnancy); and to identify needs for future research. Potential articles published through December 31, 2013 were identified through a MEDLINE search of the terms “clinical trial,” “nicotine patch,” and “smoking cessation.” Forty-two studies used all three terms and met the inclusion criteria. Half of the studies reported that they considered sex in smoking cessation outcomes with 14 studies finding no difference by sex and 7 studies finding better outcomes for men versus women. Only 5 studies reported data on outcomes by sex in their publications. No studies reported analysis of TNP compliance or withdrawal by sex. In the one study that examined side effects by sex, more women than men reported discontinuing TNP due to skin irritation. No study examined the association of cessation outcomes with menstrual cycle phase. There is a need to include sex in research on TNP, as well as other pharmacological and behavioral smoking treatments, to clarify the picture of treatment efficacy for women compared to men.
Multiple imputation: an alternative to top coding for statistical disclosure control

Summary. Top coding of extreme values of variables like income is a common method of statistical disclosure control, but it creates problems for the data analyst. The paper proposes two alternative methods to top coding for statistical disclosure control that are based on multiple imputation. We show in simulation studies that the multiple-imputation methods provide better inferences of the publicly released data than top coding, using straightforward multiple-imputation methods of analysis, while maintaining good statistical disclosure control properties. We illustrate the methods on data from the 1995 Chinese household income project.
Carcinoid tumor of the lung metastatic to a previously identified pituitary adenoma

The authors present the case of a 58-year-old gentleman presenting with atypical carcinoid tumor of primary lung origin metastasizing to a previously identified pituitary macroadenoma. The patient presented with symptoms of headache and visual disturbance. Imaging revealed enlargement of a known sellar mass as well as three separate enhancing lesions in the brain parenchyma. Resection was accomplished via a transnasal transshpenoidal approach without complication. Immunoreactivity was demonstrated to synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, epithelial membrane antigen, and thyroid transcription factor-1. The specimen was also marked by negative staining for pituitary hormones. This case demonstrates a rare occurrence of metastastic spread of tumor to a previously identified pituitary macroadenoma.
C4 mechanisms in aquatic angiosperms: comparisons with terrestrial C4 systems

Aquatic C4 photosynthesis probably arose in response to dissolved CO2 limitations, possibly before its advent in terrestrial plants. Of over 7600 C4 species, only about a dozen aquatic species are identified. Amphibious Eleocharis species (sedges) have C3-C4 photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy in aerial, but not submersed, leaves. Aquatic grasses have aerial and submersed leaves with C4 or C3-C4 photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy, but some lack Kranz anatomy in the submersed leaves. Two freshwater submersed monocots, Hydrilla verticillata and possibly Egeria densa, are C4 NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) species. A marine macroalga, Udotea flabellum (Chlorophyta), and possibly a diatom, are C4, so it is not confined to angiosperms. Submersed C4 species differ from terrestrial in that β-carboxylation is cytosolic with chloroplastic decarboxylation and Rubisco carboxylation, so the C4 and Calvin cycles operate in the same cell without Kranz anatomy. Unlike terrestrial plants, Hydrilla is a facultative C4 that shifts from C3 to C4 in low [CO2]. It is well documented, with C4 gas exchange and pulse-chase characteristics, enzyme kinetics and localization, high internal [CO2], relative growth rate, and quantum yield studies. It has multiple phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase isoforms with C3-like sequences. Hvpepc4 appears to be the photosynthetic form induced in C4 leaves, but it differs from terrestrial C4 isoforms in lacking a C4 signature Serine. The molecular mass of NADP-ME (72 kDa) also resembles a C3 isoform. Hydrilla belongs to the ancient Hydrocharitaceae family, and gives insight to early C4 development. Hydrilla is an excellent 'minimalist' system to study C4 photosynthesis regulation without anatomical complexities.
Resource Based View of Information Systems: A Critique

The resource-based view (RBV) argues that firms possess resources, a subset of which enables them to achieve competitive advantage, and a subset of those that lead to superior long-term performance. Resources that are valuable and rare can lead to the creation of competitive advantage. That advantage can be sustained over longer time periods to the extent that the firm is able to protect against resource imitation, transfer, or substitution. In general, empirical studies using the theory have strongly supported the resource-based view.Further the Resource based view makes a useful distinction between information technology and information systems. The former is asset based, while the later comprises a mixture of assets and capabilities formed around a productive use of IT.
The impact of job insecurity and contract type on attitudes, well-being and behavioural reports: A psychological contract perspective

Research on the impact of job insecurity for temporary employees has been largely exploratory and atheoretical in nature. This paper addresses this issue by considering the role of job insecurity on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance among permanent employees (N = 396) as compared with temporary ones (N = 148). Hypotheses are formulated using the tradition of transactional versus relational psychological contract types. Psychological contract theory assumes (1) that job insecurity effects are due to a violation of the relational psychological contract, and (2) that permanents as compared with temporaries engage more in relational psychological contracting. As a result, job insecurity is expected to be problematic in terms of outcomes for permanents, but not for temporaries. Results validate the assumptions made in psychological contract theory. Furthermore, job insecurity proved problematic for permanents but not for temporaries when job satisfaction and organizational commitment are concerned. No such differential effects are observed for life satisfaction and self-rated performance. Implications for future research are discussed.
Arab Women in the Gulf and the Narrative of Change : the Case of Qatar

The dramatic transformation of the Arabian Gulf since the discovery of petroleum resources has called for a new perspective on the situation of women in the region. Qatar is an example of fast-paced industrialization, modernization and profound socio-cultural changes. As the environment transforms literally from day to day, new identities are being forged and social roles re- negotiated. The leadership's vision for the country speaks of gender equality and opportunity for all. This article asks how young Qatari women's personal stories fit into the national narrative of change and what they see as the best path to agency and empowerment.
Measuring lung volumes in advanced asbestosis: comparability of plethysmographic and radiographic versus helium rebreathing and single breath methods

Abstract Total lung capacity was measured in 16 workers with pulmonary asbestosis using four standard methods: body plethysmography, radiographic lung area, helium dilution by multiple breath and by single breath (alveolar volume). All men had irregular opacities of ILO profusion category 2 1 or greater and four had pleural plaques in addition. The radiographic and plethysmographic methods produced virtually identical mean values for TLC of 7·521 and 7·641 and for RV of 4·061 and 4·321 and all values were larger than those by helium dilution. The closed circuit helium dilution method systematically underestimated TLC with a mean of 5·891 as did single breath helium dilution with a mean of 6·391. These men had a larger mean RV/TLC, measuring 56·9% by body plethysmography and 54·6% by X-ray area than by the rebreathing dilutional method which was 43·8%. Air trapping within a normal TLC which characterizes asbestosis is revealed by radiographic and plethysmographic methods but concealed by gas dilution methods. Use of the latter is at least partly responsible for the impression that asbestosis is a ‘restrictive disease’.
Phase-space measurement for depth-resolved memory-effect imaging

Random scattering of light by a turbid layer prevents conventional imaging of objects hidden behind it. Angular correlations in the scattered light, created by the so-called optical memory effect, have been shown to enable computational image retrieval of hidden sources. However, basic memory-effect imaging contains no spatial (x) information, as only angular (k-space) measurements are made. Here, we use windowed Fourier transforms to record scattered-light images in the full {x,k} phase space. The result is the ability to discriminate size and depth of individual sources that are hidden behind a thin scattering layer.
No parallel fiber volleys in the cerebellar cortex: evidence from cross-correlation analysis between Purkinje cells in a computer model and in recordings from anesthetized rats.

Purkinje cells aligned on the medio-lateral axis share a large proportion of their ∼175,000 parallel fiber inputs. This arrangement has led to the hypothesis that movement timing is coded in the cerebellum by beams of synchronously active parallel fibers. In computer simulations I show that such synchronous activation leads to a narrow spike cross-correlation between pairs of Purkinje cells. This peak was completely absent when shared parallel fiber input was active in an asynchronous mode. To determine the presence of synchronous parallel fiber beams {in vivo} I recorded from pairs of Purkinje cells in crus IIa of anesthetized rats. I found a complete absence of precise spike synchronization, even when both cells were strongly modulated in their spike rate by trains of air-puff stimuli to the face. These results indicate that Purkinje cell spiking is not controlled by volleys of synchronous parallel fiber inputs in the conditions examined. Instead, the data support a model by which granule cells primarily control Purkinje cell spiking via dynamic population rate changes.
String vacua and orbifoldized LG models

We investigate how string vacua arise from N=2 superconformal models. In particular, we discuss how Landau-Ginzburg models with appropriate central charge can be orbifol-dized to construct string vacua. We develop techniques to compute the degeneracy and quantum numbers of the ground states of the LG models in the twisted sectors, even for the cases where the underlying LG model is not exactly solvable. This allows us to compute some interesting physical quantities such as the number of generations and anti-generations in the simplest compactification scenarios. The results agree with explicit computations in the cases where LG model is exactly solvable.
Effectiveness of Gastric Bypass Surgery in a Patient With Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) is associated with loss of subcutaneous fat in the extremities but preservation, or increase, of fat in the face, neck, and trunk. Patients with FPL manifest marked insulin resistance and develop diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia that are often very difficult to manage with pharmacologic agents, the current standard of therapy for FPL. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), a surgical procedure that leads to marked weight loss in morbidly obese subjects, improves insulin sensitivity (1,2) and reverses (3) or prevents diabetes (4). This is the first report of RYGB in a patient with FPL that resulted in unanticipated dramatic improvement in the metabolic control of her lipodystrophy. The patient is a 55-year-old Caucasian woman with FPL who underwent a laparoscopic RYGB for treatment of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroparesis, failing standard medical therapy. She reported a history of truncal obesity and thin extremities throughout her life. She was diagnosed with FPL type 1 based on physical exam findings of distal loss of subcutaneous fat in her extremities with excess fat in her chin and face and marked abdominal obesity. Her medical problems included poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia with a history of recurrent pancreatitis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, depression, and asthma. Her family history was significant for early coronary artery disease in her mother. …
The Revival of Vertical Integration: Strategic Choice and Performance Influences

For the past few years, several big companies have taken actions to gain more control over their supply chains. Against the popular trend of outsourcing, they tend to go back to gain a higher level of vertical integration. Just as outsourcing once raised challenges to global management, the revival of vertical integration sure brings benefits as well as new challenges. Motivated by this recent phenomenon, this paper investigates the influences of strategic choices on the change of vertical integration level and the performance implication of such changes. The findings support the cost-driven concern of the decisions on vertical integration level changes and certain performance benefits that the changes would bring to the companies.
Doing Justice A Typology of Helping Attitudes Toward Sexual Groups

Social workers in small towns and rural communities who restrict their practice on moral grounds may be oppressive to women who are seeking a range of reproductive health options and clients with the gay/lesbian lifestyle. On the basis of observations of students who were enrolled in a rural-based BSW program in a conservatively religious affiliated university, the author presents a typology that categorizes the students' views on justice and oppression and willingness to work in practice situations with which the students disagree on moral grounds. Three orientations are illustrated: an ethic of conformity, an ethic of individualism, and an ethic of care. Implications for practice and teaching are discussed.
Predictors of Middle School Students’ Interest in Participating in an Incentive-Based Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Program in Connecticut

Behavioral incentives have been used to encourage smoking cessation in older adolescents, but the acceptability of incentives to promote a smoke-free lifestyle in younger adolescents is unknown. To inform the development of novel, effective, school-based interventions for youth, we assessed middle school students’ interest in participating in an incentive-based tobacco abstinence program. We surveyed 988 students (grades 6–8) attending three Connecticut middle schools to determine whether interest in program participation varied as a function of (1) intrapersonal factors (i.e., demographic characteristics (sex, age, race), smoking history, and trait impulsivity) and/or (2) aspects of program design (i.e., prize type, value, and reward frequency). Primary analyses were conducted using multiple regression. A majority of students (61.8%) reported interest in program participation. Interest did not vary by gender, smoking risk status, or offering cash prizes. However, younger students, non-Caucasian students, behaviorally impulsive students, and students with higher levels of self-regulation were more likely to report interest. Inexpensive awards (e.g., video games) offered monthly motivated program interest. In sum, middle school students reported high levels of interest in an incentive-based program to encourage a tobacco-free lifestyle. These formative data can inform the design of effective, incentive-based smoking cessation and prevention programs in middle schools.
The chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT): molecular and cytogenetic characterization with a comparative analysis.

Telomerase activity is essential for maintaining the termini of linear chromosomes. Telomerase consists of both a RNA and a specialized reverse transcriptase. Our objective for this study was to determine the molecular and cytogenetic features of the chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) gene and protein. The TERT mRNA from gastrula stage embryos was found to be 4497 bp in length, translating into a protein of 1346 amino acids (aa). The chTERT protein shares 45% aa identity with human TERT (hTERT). A distinctive feature of chTERT, as compared to human and other vertebrate TERTs, is the larger size of the protein due mainly to a considerably longer N-terminal flexible linker region (144 aa longer than in human). Chicken TERT was mapped to chromosome 2q21 near an interstitial telomere site. Several transcription factor binding motifs in the 5Vflanking/promoter region of chTERT were similar to those found associated with hTERT (E-box, Ik1, MAZ, Sp1 sites), whereas several c-Myb sites were found associated with chTERT only and c-Ets-2 and WT1 were associated with hTERT only. Results presented here should promote structure–function studies of chTERT, as well as contribute to the comparative analysis of TERT regulation and function in vertebrates utilizing the telomere clock mechanism to different degrees. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
What Genealogies of S-alleles Tell Us

Drawing on examples from S-RNase-based self-incompatibility (SI), Slocus genealogies are used to infer the demographic history of lineages, the history of mating-system transitions in entire plant families and aspects of the evolution of the S-locus itself. Two lineages of Solanaceae suffered severe restrictions of S-locus diversity evident after millions of years. Broadly shared ancestral S-locus polymorphism is evidence that loss of this form of incompatibility was irreversible in the Solanaceae. Frequent and irreversible loss implies incompatibility is either declining in frequency through time, or that it confers an increased diversification rate relative to self-compatibility (SC). Differences in diversification rate among self-incompatible and self-compatible lineages likely cause the failure of current phylogenetic methods to correctly reconstruct the history of SI. Genealogies also show that origination of new S-RNases rarely occurs within the lifetimes of species. Surprisingly, genealogies of F-box genes purported to provide pollen specificity often do not correspond to those of their cognate S-RNases, indicating we have much to learn about how this system works and evolves.
Resolving the Identity of Texas Desmognathus

Dusky salamanders in Texas have long been identified as Desmognathus au- riculatus (Southern Dusky Salamander). However, recent taxonomic work has challenged this notion, restricting D. auriculatus to areas east of the Apalachicola River in Florida and Georgia, while all Texas populations are now considered D. conanti. Regrettably, Texas specimens were not included in the studies upon which these proposed taxonomic changes were based. Dusky salamanders have become increasingly difficult to find in Texas and have only been observed in the state 3 times since 1980. We surveyed 18 sites of which 6 were historical localities. We found 4 extant populations of dusky salamanders at new locations in Texas, one of which was a county record. We were unable to find dusky salamanders at some historically robust populations. We also used mtDNA sequence data to verify that Texas dusky salamanders are indeed D. conanti.
'Preface to' Fads, Fallacies and Foolishness in Medical Care Management and Policy

No one misses the onslaught of claims about reforming modern medical care. How doctors should be paid, how hospitals should be paid or governed, how much patients should pay when sick in co-payments, how the quality of care could be improved, and how governments and other buyers could better control the costs of care - all find expression in the explosion of medical care conference proceedings, op-eds, news bulletins, journal articles, and books. This collection of articles takes up a key set of what the author regards as particularly misleading fads and fashions - developments that produce a startling degree of foolishness in contemporary discussions of how to organize, deliver, finance, pay for and regulate medical care services in modern industrial democracies. The policy fads addressed include the celebration of explicit rationing as a major cost control instrument, the belief in a "basic package" of health insurance benefits to constrain costs, the faith that contemporary cross-national research can deliver a large number of transferable models, and the notion that broadening the definition of what is meant by health will constitute some sort of useful advance in practice.
Tailoring therapy to a stroke patient's potential.

PREVIEWStroke survivors can be plagued by numerous medical complications, including aspiration pneumonia, heart disease, depression, and venous thromboembolism. Given the impairment already caused by stroke it self, these patients require careful management by a comprehensive rehabilitation team. Dr Harvey discusses common stroke syndromes, possible complications, and appropriate rehabilitation options covering a variety of circumstances.
Simulator training: The bridge between "primum non nocere" and "learning by doing".

Key Points Simulator training provides practice for trainees without exposing patients to potentially higher-risk operators early in their training. This study suggests that simulator training shortens the learning curve for femoral access and reduces complications. Commercial availability of inexpensive, realistic simulators would aid medical education and reduce the risk posed to patients.
Interactions Between Corals and Their Symbiotic Algae

The mutualistic relationship between corals and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts is a key factor in the evolutionary success of hermatypic (reef building) corals. The endosymbiotic algae benefit corals in numerous ways that have contributed to the long term persistence of coral reefs over geologic time. In this chapter we review ecological and physiological aspects of the interactions between corals and their symbiotic algae in light of recent advances in our knowledge of the diversity of these symbionts. While the role of symbiont diversity in promoting coral survival during environmental bleaching events has been a major focus of recent research, its importance in other physiological and ecological contexts such as inorganic nutrient dynamics and photosynthetic carbon fluxes has received much less attention. We suggest that cost-benefit analysis is a useful approach to examine these symbioses in the context of environmental change and human impacts upon corals and coral reefs. Weighing the costs versus the benefits of the symbiotic association under specific environmental perturbations has potential for use as an indicator of the health of not only corals but indeed the whole coral reef ecosystem. Drastic changes in the stability of the symbiosis, evidenced by changes in the ratio of zooxanthellae to animal biomass in corals, may turn out to be a useful diagnostic indicator of stresses to coral reefs. By using new tools developed to assess the stability of the symbiosis, we may be better able to understand and predict the effects of future stressors and perturbations that threaten these beautiful reef ecosystems.
What to Show the World: The Office of War Information and Hollywood, 1942–1945

IHE uneasy relationship between propaganda and democracy proved especially troublesome during World War II. Interpreting the war as a worldwide crusade, liberals in the Office of War Information (OWI) won unprecedented control over the content of American motion pictures. An understanding of the interaction between OWI and Hollywood sheds light on both the objectives and methods of the nation's propaganda campaign and the content of wartime entertainment films. This episode, all but ignored by historians, offers insights into America's war ideology and the intersection of politics and mass culture in wartime. Moreover, it raises the question of whether the Roosevelt administration's propaganda strategy helped undermine some of its avowed war aims.' OWI, the chief government propaganda agency during World War II, was formed by an executive order on June 13, 1942, that consolidated several prewar information agencies. OWI's domestic branch handled the home front; its overseas branch supervised all United States foreign
Improved Fracture Toughness in Advanced Nanocrystalline Ceramic Composites

Nanocrystalline materials have demonstrated very interesting changes in physical, chemical and mechanical properties at severely diminished length scales. This article focuses on the topic of nanocrystalline ceramic composites specifically designed for applications requiring improved fracture toughness. The difficulty in producing fully consolidated ceramic composites that retain a nanocrystalline structure is the main hurdle for thorough investigations in this area. This obstacle has been overcome in the current investigation through the use of a fast, comparably lower temperature, sintering technique e.g., Spark Plasma Sintering. Alumina based nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanotubes and additionally incorporating nanocrystalline niobium have yielded fracture toughness values that have exceeded that for pure nanocrystalline alumina by more that 300%. This introduces the question of whether this improvement is merely additive or evidence of a synergistic toughening mechanism involving ductile phase and fiber toughening.
Surveying Physicians' Attitudes about Herbal Supplements, Resources, and Pharmacy Consultations:

Objective:To investigate whether physicians discuss herbal supplement use with their patients and document this information in the medical record, to determine the perceived barriers to discussing ...
The αBB Approach in Protein Folding

In this chapter, we address the structure prediction problem in protein folding via the αBB global optimization approach. Section 16.1 provides an introduction to the protein folding problem. Section 16.2 describes the potential energy model and two solvation models based on the area and volume accessible to the solvent. Section 16.3 discusses the concepts, the algorithmic issues and the implementation of the global optimization approach αBB as it is applied to the protein folding problem. Finally, section 16.4 presents computational studies for unsolvated and solvated pentapeptides. The material presented in this chapter is based on the work of Maranas et al. (1996), Androulakis et al. (1997a), Klepeis et al. (1998), Klepeis and Floudas (1999a), and Floudas et al. (1999b).
Inhibition of mitochondrial fission as a molecular target for cardioprotection: critical importance of the timing of treatment

Recent attention has focused on the concept that mitochondrial dynamics-that is, the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission (fragmentation)-may play a pivotal role in determining cell fate in the setting of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this regard, there is an emerging consensus that: (1) ischemia-reperfusion favors mitochondrial fragmentation and (2) strategies aimed at inhibiting the translocation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1: the 'master regulator' of fission) from the cytosol to the mitochondria, when initiated as a pretreatment, are cardioprotective. However, direct molecular evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between mitochondrial fission and cardiomyocyte death has not been established. To address this issue, we used a well-characterized in vitro, immortal cultured cardiomyocyte model to establish whether subcellular redistribution of DRP1 to mitochondria: (1) is triggered by hypoxia-reoxygenation; (2) plays a causal role in hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced cytochrome c release (harbinger of apoptosis) and cardiomyocyte death; and (3) represents a molecular mechanism that can be targeted in a clinically relevant time frame to render cells resistant to lethal hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Our results provide direct evidence that the redistribution of DRP1 to mitochondria contributes to cardiomyocyte death, and corroborate the previous observations that the pre-ischemic inhibition of DRP1 translocation is cardioprotective. Moreover, we report the novel finding that-in marked contrast to the data obtained with pretreatment-inhibition of DRP1 translocation initiated at the time of reoxygenation had complex, unexpected and unfavorable consequences: i.e., attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis but exacerbated total cell death, possibly via concurrent upregulation of necroptosis.
Study on the Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Simarouba glauca

Since time immemorial Simarouba glauca has been used as a natural medicine in tropics. Crude petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts from dried leaves of S. glauca were tested for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Preliminary screenings for the phytochemicals were done using the standard qualitative methods. Antibacterial activity was studied using disc diffusion assay against the organisms like Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and 2,2,‐diphenyl‐1‐ picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, terpenoids, proteins, steroids, and carbohydrate in the ethyl acetate extract and terpenoids and steroids in the petroleum ether extract.Both extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. However, ethyl acetate extract was found to be more effective as compared to petroleum ether extract. Antibacterial activity was not found to be significant. The results suggest that S. glauca has promising antioxidant activity and could serve as a potential source for natural antioxidants.
TYRAMINE, HISTAMINE, AND TRYPTAMINE CONTENT OF CHEESE

Because of the increasing knowledge of the physiological importance of biologically active amines in man and the importance of the presence of these amines in cheese, this study was done to obtain quantitative information for tyramine, tryptamine, and histamine in cheese available in the United States. The tyramine, histamine, and tryptamine contents of 156 samples of cheese purchased at retail stores were quantitated by thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence measurements of NBD-chloride derivatives of the amines. Tyramine was found in 81 of 85 Cheddar cheese samples examined. Extra-sharp, sharp, and medium Cheddar cheese samples contained average tyramine values of 0.27, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/g, respectively. Average tyramine contents were lower in mild and processed Cheddar (0.09 and 0.11 mg/g, respectively). The highest Cheddar cheese tyramine content was 0.7 mg/g. Tyramine was consistently found in all cheeses except in unripened soft cheese (Cottage). Histamine concentrations varied from nondetectabl...
Kirchhoff’s Rod Theory

The theory of an elastic rod whose centerline is inextensible and whose cross sections remain plane and normal to the centerline is discussed. This theory, which is known as Kirchhoff rod theory, is presented in the modern context of a Cosserat rod theory. The governing equations for this widely used theory result in a set of equations to determine a rotation tensor P and a position vector r. This theory has a celebrated history in part because of Kirchhoff’s discovery that the equations governing static deformations of the rod are analogous to those for the rotational motion of a rigid body. A range of applications of the theory is also presented in this chapter. These examples include a terminally loaded rod which is bent and twisted and an initially curved rod which is straightened.
Depth-Resolved Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging of Living Cells and Organisms at Sub-Micron Resolution

Infrared spectroscopic imaging is mostly applicable to dried samples and has low spatial resolution. We overcome these limitations through sensing vibrational absorption induced photothermal effect by a visible laser beam.
Mental Health on University Campuses and the Needs of Students They Seek to Serve

Background: The mental health of college students in the U.S. has become an undeniable concern to university administrators, service providers, and the higher education community at large. While universities seek to educate future great minds, their current policies and infrastructure do not unanimously prioritize mental health, thus, they often cannot meet the holistic needs of students and struggle to uphold their central mission. Aim: To outline the literature surrounding mental health in postsecondary education and the holistic needs of university students in order to target the national discussion of mental health toward actionable system change. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature on college student mental health in the U.S. Results: The literature demonstrates that policy change is necessary to fully support students with psychiatric disabilities and mental health concerns. Conclusions: Mental health is a critical issue for young adults, and college presents a prime developmental context to equip students with the skills for a lifetime of mental health and wellbeing. Further research is needed to explore the impact of implementing innovative programs, curricular changes and supported education programs to support college students.
Evidence of a configurational structure in Meskwaki

Meskwaki, like many polysynthetic Algonquian languages, is often analyzed as having a non-configurational structure because it exhibits the three core characteristics of non-configurationality: free word order, discontinuous expressions, and null anaphora (Hale 1983). While free surface form word order is attributed to a preverbal discourse-based hierarchy, non-topic/focus NPs are in a post-verbal, non-hierarchical XP structure (Dahlstrom in progress). This paper posits that Meskwaki has an underlying configurational syntactic structure based on novel and prior data showing (1) discontinuous NP ordering restrictions with locality constraints, (2) superiority effects in multiple wh -phrases, and (3) long-distance movement and island effects.
Associations between trunk postural control in walking and unstable sitting at various levels of task demand.

Abstract Trunk postural control (TPC) has been investigated in several populations and tasks. Previous work observed targeted training of TPC via isolated trunk control tasks may improve performance in other activities (e.g., walking). However, the nature of this relationship remains unknown. We therefore investigated the relationship between TPC, at both the global (i.e., response to finite perturbations) and local (i.e., resistance to continuous perturbations) levels, during walking and unstable sitting, both at varying levels of task demand. Thirteen individuals (11 Male, 2 Female) with no recent history (past 12 months) of illness, injury, or musculoskeletal disorders walked on a dual-belt treadmill at four speeds (−20%, −10%, +10%, and + 20% of self-selected walking speed) and completed an unstable sitting task at four levels of chair instability (100, 75, 60, and 45% of an individual’s “neutral” stability as defined by the gravitational gradient). Three-dimensional trunk and pelvic kinematics were collected. Tri-planar Lyapunov exponents and sample entropy characterized local TPC. Global TPC was characterized by ranges of motion and, for seated trials, metrics derived from center-of-pressure time series (i.e., path length, 95% confidence ellipse area, mean velocity, and RMS position). No strong or significant correlations (−0.057
Modelling of through-hole electrodeposition Part I: Effect of electrical migration

A quantitative investigation was conducted on the effect of electrical migration on the current distribution in through-hole electrodeposition. Polarization, surface concentration and current distribution were computed as functions of the geometry of the through-hole, electrolyte flow rate, applied current density and concentration of the supporting electrolyte. Results were compared with those from a simplified model in which the electric field was neglected within the diffusion layer.
Who's Your Daddy? Family Structure Differences in Attachment to God:

Recent research has demonstrated that individuals' relationships with God are attachment-based. However, research has not yet investigated differences in attachment to God by parents' marital statu...
VLSI Processor Arrays for Matrix Manipulation

It is generally recognized that computing system throughput can be significantly increased by concurrent processing techniques. The component densities available from VLSI have made this potential economically feasible, and at the same time have considerably enhanced circuit performance. Implementation of concurrent architectures can be achieved by mapping desired algorithms into data flow forms suitable for pipelining. However, the utility of this approach suffers because different hardware organization is required for every algorithm. A preferable approach is based on the observation that most of the signal processing algorithms being investigated today can be formatted in terms of matrix manipulations.1 A matrix operation is also well-suited to concurrent implementations in which a number of small, identical processors operate simultaneously on the matrix elements. Thus, a set of “matrix operator” chips made using VLSI would, when coupled to a general purpose host computer, provide both a high computational throughput and the flexibility to perform a wide range of signal processing algorithms.
Analysis and research on no-load current and low-side entrance capacitor of transformer

in this paper, through the no-load test data of 1000kV transformer, it is found that the no-load current is capacitive, contrary to the conclusion that the transformer is equivalent to the inductive load of the power supply when it is noload. In this paper, the causes of this phenomenon are analyzed, and the low-side entrance capacitor is introduced, and the corresponding calculation method is given.
Forming Financial Vision: How Parents Prepare Young Adults for Financial Success

The current study used a multi-generational and qualitative approach to examine perceptions of what parents/grandparents taught their children/grandchildren about finances. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 98 participants consisting of 77 college students, 13 parents and eight grandparents. Team-based qualitative analyses of these interviews revealed three consistent themes: (1) the importance of setting financial goals, (2) planning and acting to meet financial goals, and (3) understanding the time value of money. About 70% of participants mentioned at least one of the three main themes in their interviews. In general, parents and grandparents held regret for not providing financial lessons earlier in life, while students demonstrated gratitude for helpful conversations and good examples from parents. Implications are discussed for practitioners, educators, and parents.
Cell Cycle Phase-Specific Changes in Relaxation Times and Water Content in HeLa Cells

The ubiquity of water molecules and their essential role in life processes is well known. Although a number of quantitative methods are now available for the study of water, the structure and function of this simple molecule in solutions and in biological systems is not well understood. Much of the early work with water in biological tissues was confined primarily to simple measurements of water content of different tissues. In 1913, it was noted that the percentage of water in some tumors is higher than that of the host tissues (1). Cramer, in 1916, presented evidence supporting the notion that the percentage of water in tumors is directly related to the rate of tumor growth (2). McEwen et al. (3) later reported that the increased percentage of water in tumors was not due to the loss of dry solids. Evidence demonstrating a systemic effect of tumors on the water content of other organs was reported in 1932 by Schlottman and Rubenow (4). By 1943, this systemic effect of tumors on the percentage of water in organs was well known (1). After the 1940’s, interest in the water content of tumors seemed to wane.
Patient and hospital characteristics associated with severe maternal morbidity among postpartum readmissions

Objective To examine the influence of socioeconomic, clinical, and hospital characteristics on the risk of severe maternal morbidity among postpartum readmissions. Study design A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample 2006-2012 to estimate the risk of severe maternal morbidity and identify potential risk factors. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Results Women aged ≥35 years (ages 35-39: OR 1.12 [CI 1.06, 1.19]; ages 40+: OR 1.27 [CI 1.17, 1.39]), non-Hispanic blacks (OR 1.16 [CI 1.10, 1.22]), and women with pre-existing medical conditions (OR 1.62 [CI 1.56, 1.68]) were at greater risk of severe maternal morbidity during postpartum readmissions. Women hospitalized outside the Northeast region (Midwest: OR 1.20 [CI 1.10, 1.30]; South: OR 1.29 [CI 1.20, 1.38]; West: OR 1.33 [CI 1.22, 1.44]) were also at increased risk. Conclusion The risk of severe maternal morbidity is heightened beyond delivery hospitalization for a subset of high-risk women.
Exchange-correlation magnetic fields in spin-density-functional theory

In spin-density-functional theory for noncollinear magnetic materials, the Kohn-Sham system features exchange-correlation (xc) scalar potentials and magnetic fields. The significance of the xc magnetic fields is not very well explored; in particular, they can give rise to local torques on the magnetization, which are absent in standard local and semilocal approximations. We obtain exact benchmark solutions for two electrons on four-site extended Hubbard lattices over a wide range of interaction strengths, and compare exact xc potentials and magnetic fields with approximations obtained from orbital-dependent xc functionals. The xc magnetic fields turn out to play an increasingly important role as systems becomes more and more correlated and the electrons begin to localize; the effects of the xc torques, however, remain relatively minor. The approximate xc functionals perform overall quite well, but tend to favor symmetry-broken solutions for strong interactions.
Impacts of Nutrient Subsidies on Salt Marsh Arthropod Food Webs: A Latitudinal Survey

Anthropogenic nutrient inputs into native ecosystems cause fluctuations in resources that normally limit plant growth, which has important consequences for associated foodwebs. Such inputs from agricultural and urban habitats into nearby natural systems are increasing globally and can be highly variable. Despite the global increase in anthropogenically-derived nutrient inputs into native ecosystems, the consequences of variation in subsidy amount on native plants and their associated foodwebs are poorly known. Salt marshes represent an ideal system to address the differential impacts of nutrient inputs on ecosystem and community dynamics because human development and other anthropogenic activities lead to recurrent introductions of nutrients into these natural systems. Previously, we have found in manipulative experiments that arthropod abundance increases in response to nutrient enrichment, with predators being the trophic group most strongly affected. We conducted a survey of Atlantic coastal Spartina marshes to test whether such local responses are indicative of responses at a landscape level. We examined the most abundant arthropod species associated with Spartina coastal marshes that receive variable amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen, and tested how this response varied across different arthropod functional groups (herbivores, epigeic feeders, and predators). Similar to what we found at a local scale, nutrient subsidies alter the trophic structure of the arthropod assemblage by changing the relative abundances of various feeding groups. Variable responses among predators to nitrogen density could be partly explained by diet breadth (e.g. generalists vs. specialists). Herbivores had a negative response to increasing plant nitrogen density; specialist predators tracked their herbivore prey and thus also responded negatively to nitrogen density. However, generalists were not negatively affected by nitrogen density and indeed some generalist predators responded positively to nitrogen density. Thus, the overall predator-to-herbivore ratio was also positively associated with nitrogen density. Our research helps us to understand how long-term nutrient enrichment of native ecosystems by human activities affects arthropod assemblages and foodweb dynamics.
Overview of Security and Payments for Mobile Commerce

We review security and payments in the mobile commerce environment, considering unique problems and concerns due to mobility, as well as opportunities due to the use of personal trusted device (PTD). We present a simplified three layers model for secure commerce: network layer, transport layer and application layer. For each layer, we discuss security and payments objectives, considerations and approaches. We review the important technologies for each layer, including Bluetooth, WAP/WTLS and IBM Micro Payments. Where necessary, we identify weaknesses and suggest improvements. We also show how mobile personal trusted devices could be enhanced to provide secure non-repudiation, the `holy grail` of secure commerce. We argue that some financial (esp. brokerage) services offered today, without a reasonably secure PTD solution, are creating a serious risk to the economy.
Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin in gastrointestinal cancer-associated venous thromboembolism.

Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants and low molecular weight heparin in gastrointestinal cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Do we Always Practice What we Preach? Real Vampires’ Fears of Coming out of the Coffin to Social Workers and Helping Professionals

Helping professionals in multiple disciplines, including social workers, are commonly taught to embrace human diversity, think critically, empower clients, and respect client self-determination. Indeed, much of clinical practice with clients is predicated on such professional values, which are important to the establishment of a strong therapeutic alliance and an effective treatment outcome. This study applies qualitative measures, such as an open-ended questionnaire and creative analytic practice (CAP) strategy in the form of poetic representation, to provide insights into how people with a specific nontraditional identity, that of “real vampire,” feel about disclosing this salient identity to helping professionals within a clinical context. As a CAP method, poetic representation is valuable in acknowledging participants’ subjective realities and preserving emotional intensity in participants’ responses. Results suggest that nearly all participants were distrustful of social workers and helping professionals and preferred to “stay in the coffin” for fear of being misunderstood, labeled, and potentially having to face severe repercussions to their lives.