cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Romantic Relationship Disengagement and Coping Rituals.

Considering cumulative dating histories, 118 individuals reported the rituals they exercised to dissolve relationships or cope with relationship disengagement. Self‐enhancement rituals were exercised most often during and after their various relationship disengagements. Both leavers and lefts turned to their network to cope with dissolved relationships. Leavers also engaged heavily in avoidance rituals during the termination process whereas lefts were most apt to turn to their networks. Results suggest that individuals' ritual usage is systematic and symbolic and transcends the various relationships, partners, and circumstances surrounding the break‐up.
Segregation analysis of hypospadias: a reanalysis of published pedigree data.

Little is known about the cause of hypospadias, one of the most common urogenital anomalies in males. Familial clustering of hypospadias is well recognized, with heritability estimated to be about 70% under a simple multifactorial threshold model. Neither alternative genetic mechanisms nor shared environmental factors within families have been explored fully. To learn more about possible genetic mechanisms, we used 2 methods of segregation analysis to analyze a set of published family data. These analyses are based on the families of 103 probands with hypospadias, who were ascertained through surgery departments in Denmark [Sorensen, 1953]. Urogenital examinations were performed on 95% (n = 1,510) of available male relatives, and 2.2% were found to have hypospadias. Within the probands' nuclear families, 12% of nonproband sons of normal fathers were affected. Using the mixed model of inheritance, both the autosomal dominant (AD) and codominant models fit these data better than either autosomal recessive (AR) or multifactorial models. Using the regressive logistic models, both AD and AR models were equally likely, and a model of nonMendelian sibship clustering gave a better fit to these data. These inconsistent findings illustrate the difficulties commonly encountered in segregation analysis. Using 2 different statistical approaches, we found 2 different explanations, both of which differ from the autosomal recessive model originally suggested by Sorensen [1953]. Hypospadias in these families is almost certainly heterogeneous. Determining the cause of familial clustering of hypospadias will require careful delineation of persons with recognized syndromes from uncomplicated cases and detaied information on potential prenatal risk factors. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Strangeness mixing in nucleon and scalar mesons

Abstract The strangeness content of the nucleon 〈 s s〈N or equivalently the scalar correlator 〈; s s(x) u u(0)〈0 is relaated to the mixing properties of SUf(3) scalar mesons. The correlator is evaluated by two ways: (i) Phenomenological approach assuming the saturation by low lying scalars (σ, S∗), and (ii) dynamical approach based on the effective lagrangian of QCD including a UA(1) anomaly term. The resulting of ms〈 s s 〈 N is about 10% of the required on to reproduce the emperical ΣπN term. The origin of the smallness is essentially due to the small flavour mixing in the scalar channel.
Primary Repair of Chronic Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury of Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint

Chronic metacarpophalangeal joint injury of the thumb is a common condition presenting as pain or instability. There have been many techniques described for treatment of this injury but they involve some form of ligament reconstruction rather than primary repair of the ligament. We believe reconstruction is not necessary and primary repair can be performed. This technique describes identifying the ligament in a chronic injury and repairing it primarily.
College Health's Response to “Not Alone”

Sexual violence is of major concern on college campuses. National statistics state that 1 out of 5 freshmen women are victims of sexual violence1 and that college women are 3 times more likely to e...
Identification of biomarkers to assess organ quality and predict posttransplantation outcomes.

UNLABELLED The increased disparity between organ supply and need has led to the use of extended criteria donors and donation after cardiac death donors with other comorbidities. METHODS We have examined the preimplantation transcriptome of 112 kidney transplant recipient samples from 100 deceased-donor kidneys by microarray profiling. Subject groups were segregated based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1 month after transplantation: the GFR-high group (n=74) included patients with eGFR 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), whereas the GFR-low group (n=35) included patients with eGFR 45 mL/min or less per 1.73 m(2). RESULTS Gene expression profiling identified higher expression of 160 probe sets (140 genes) in the GFR-low group, whereas expression of 37 probe sets (33 genes) was higher in the GFR-high group (P<0.01, false discovery rate <0.2). Four genes (CCL5, CXCR4, ITGB2, and EGF) were selected based on fold change and P value and further validated using an independent set of samples. A random forest analysis identified three of these genes (CCL5, CXCR4, and ITGB2) as important predictors of graft function after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of pretransplantation molecular gene expression profiles in donor quality assessment systems may provide the necessary information for better donor organ selection and function prediction. These biomarkers would further allow a more objective and complete assessment of procured renal allografts at pretransplantation time.
Automated Procedure Construction for Deductive Synthesis

Deductive program synthesis systems based on automated theorem proving offer the promise of software that is correct by construction. However, the difficulty encountered in constructing usable deductive synthesis systems has prevented their widespread use. Amphion is a real-world, domain-independent, completely automated program synthesis system. It is specialized to specific applications through the creation of an operational domain theory and a specialized deductive engine. This paper describes an experiment aimed at making the construction of usable Amphion applications easier.
How often do women in the emergency department without intimate violence injuries return with such injuries

. Objective:lb determine the rate at which a group of women visiting the ED for reasons other than intimate violence return to the ED at a later time for intimate-violence-related injuries. Methods:Retrospective cohort study of a group of women with intimate-violence-related injuries on an index visit and a matched comparison group. Return visit rates to the ED for intimate violence injuries over the next 5 years were then compared. Results:The 95 women in each group were followed an average of 57 months. The return rates in the positive index case group and matched comparison group, respectively, for any reason were 74.9% vs 77.9% (p = 0.463) and for intimate violence injuries were 29.5% vs 18.9% (p = 0.118). Conclusion:Women in the ED without intimate violence injuries often return to the ED later with such injuries. This suggests the ED may play an important role in identifying women at risk for future intimate-violence-related injury.
Melanoma upregulates ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells through engagement of tumor CD44 with endothelial E-selectin and activation of a PKCα–p38–SP-1 pathway

Cancer metastasis involves multistep adhesive interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment remain elusive. Using static and flow coculture systems in conjunction with flow cytometry, we discovered that certain receptors on the ECs are upregulated on melanoma cell adhesion. Direct contact but not separate coculture between human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a human melanoma cell line (Lu1205) increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression on HUVECs by 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with HUVECs alone. The nonmetastatic cell line WM35 failed to promote ICAM-1 expression changes in HUVECs on contact. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that EC–TC contact has a synergistic effect on the expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and growth-related oncogene α (Gro-α). By using E-selectin cross-linking and beads coated with CD44 immunopurified from Lu1205 cells, we showed that CD44/selectin ligation was responsible for the ICAM-1 up-regulation on HUVECs. Protein kinase Cα (PKC-α) activation was found to be the downstream target of the CD44/selectin-initiated signaling, as ICAM-1 elevation was inhibited by siRNA targeting PKCα or a dominant negative form of PKCα (PKCα DN). Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that TC–EC contact mediated p38 phosphorylation and binding of the transcription factor SP-1 to its regulation site. In conclusion, CD44/selectin binding signals ICAM-1 up-regulation on the EC surface through a PKCα–p38–SP-1 pathway, which further enhances melanoma cell adhesion to ECs during metastasis.—Zhang, P., Goodrich, C., Fu, C., Dong, C. Melanoma upregulates ICAM-1 expression on ECs through engagement of tumor CD44 with endothelial E-selectin and activation of a PKCα–p38–SP-1 pathway.
Dark adaptation of the ocellus in Periplaneta americana: A study of the electrical response to illumination☆

Abstract Corneal illumination at 12,000 ft-candles reduces the sensitivity of the cockroach ocellus by a factor of at least 50,000. At the end of the first minute of dark adaptation, sensitivity differs from that of the fully dark-adapted state by a factor of only 2–5.
Estimation of the number of segments in a well-log signal via the information theoretic approach

An algorithm for automatic well-log signal segmentation previously proposed by the author (ibid., vol.27, p.633-41 (1987)) demands knowledge of the number of segments or another similar constraint as a stopping rule. An information-theoretic criterion is proposed to estimate the number of segments while the proposed sequential segmentation algorithm is in operation. A recursive procedure is developed to update the criterion function sequentially with minimum computation effort. >
Structural reassignment of the dehydration product of 2' hydroxywarfarin

The base catalyzed condensation reaction between 4-hydroxycoumarin and o-hydroxybenzal-acetone yields 6-methyl-6,12-methano-6H,12H,13H-[1]benzopyran[4,3-d][1,3]benzodioxocin-13-one as the product rather than 6-oxo-7-(2-oxopropyl)-6H, 7H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-b][1]-benzopyran as had been previously postulated.
Microcanonical sampling of momenta in simulations of many-particle systems

Abstract In numerical simulations of many-particle systems, it is often necessary to produce statistical samples of the particle momenta subject to certain microcanonical constraints on the energy and, possibly, the linear, radial, and/or angular momenta. A simple, efficient, and exact sampling method is presented for such tasks, within the confines of classical, non-relativistic mechanics.
Artificial language learning and feature-based generalization

Abstract representations such as subsegmental phonological features play such a vital role in explanations of phonological processes that many assume that these representations play an equally prominent role in the learning process. This assumption is tested in three artificial grammar experiments involving a mini language with morpho-phonological alternations based on back vowel harmony. In Experiments 1 and 2, adult participants were trained using positive data from four vowels in a six-vowel inventory: the two remaining vowels appeared at test only. If participants use subsegmental phonological features and natural classes for learning, they should generalize to the novel test segments. Results support a subsegmental feature-based learning strategy that makes use of phonetic information and knowledge of phonological principles. A third experiment (Experiment 3) tests for generalizations to novel suffixes, providing further evidence for the generality of learning.
Solute−Solvent Frictional Coupling in Electrolyte Solutions. Role of Ion Pairs

Rotational diffusion of the organic anion resorufin in different electrolyte solutions is studied. The rotational relaxation time τ increases as the concentration of electrolyte increases for all electrolytes studied. Although τ follows the viscosity in NaNO3 aqueous solution, the τ in Mg(NO3)2 solution is too large to be explained only by the increase of the viscosity. This effect is more significant in DMSO electrolyte solutions. The increase of the rotational relaxation time is well correlated with the charge-to-size ratio of the cation. The analysis of the experimental data using theoretical models that incorporate the different mechanisms of friction in electrolyte solutions strongly indicates the existence of ion pairs in DMSO electrolyte solution.
Abwärmenutzung im Antrieb von heute und morgen

Die Bemuehungen um eine weitere Senkung der CO2-Emissionen erfordern weitere Reduzierungen des Kraftstoffverbrauchs. Mit Dampfkreisprozessen, bei denen die Abgaswaerme ausgenutzt wird, koennen Kraftstoffeinsparungen von gut 6 Prozent erreicht werden. Auf Basis serienmaessiger stationaerer Systeme zur Abgaswaermenutzung (AWN) hat Voith erste mobile Anwendungen fuer Schienenfahrzeuge, Schiffe und Lkw umgesetzt. Sie demonstrieren die breite technische Realisierbarkeit von Abgaswaermenutzungssystemen und deren Potenziale. (A)
Proton NMR spectroscopy in canine myocardial infarction.

Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to study the relationship between proton relaxation times and other resonances in the proton spectra, such as lipids, creatine, and choline/ carnitine in subacute (8-day-old) myocardial infarctions. Eight mongrel dogs received operative ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (four were permanently occluded, four were occluded for 1 h and reperfused) and were sacrificed 8 days later so that tissue samples could be prepared for NMR spectroscopy. The results of this study indicate that (for the core of infarcted tissue) the lipids do not contribute directly to the increased bulk relaxation times associated with myocardial infarction and that the lipid peaks (2.3, 1.2, 0.8 ppm) and creatine peak (3.0 ppm) are more specific to the kind of infarct than to the relaxation times. Therefore, analysis of the proton spectrum of myocardial tissue may Serve as a method for tissue characterization. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc.
A network congestion control approach to airport departure management

This paper presents a novel approach to managing the aircraft taxi-out process at airports, by posing the problem in a network congestion control framework. We develop a network model for a generic airport and then validate it using surface surveillance data from Boston Logan International Airport. A set of stochastic processes that constitute the link travel times are proposed, followed by a discussion of the theoretical maximum network throughput. Finally, we propose a control algorithm that balances network congestion with performance, while maintaining stability. We show through simulation that the algorithm is capable of regulating total traffic in the network to a desired level.
Spin trapping of free radicals produced in vivo in heart and liver during endotoxemia.

Studies using free radical scavengers and measurements of lipid peroxidation have suggested that free radicals are generated during endotoxemia. Conclusions from these studies have implied that free radicals may participate in the sequence of pathologic events following endotoxin challenge in the experimental animal. Current inferences of free radical generation and involvement have been derived from indirect evidence and are therefore inconclusive. To quantitate the generation of free radicals in vivo during endotoxemia this study employed the use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) combined with spin trapping techniques. Five minutes before intraperitoneal endotoxin administration, trimethoxy-a-phenyl-t-butyl-nitrone [(MeO), PBN] was administered intraperitoneally. Experimental animals were always matched with control animals receiving no endotoxin. At either five minutes or twenty-five minutes following endotoxin administration animals were decapitated and hearts and livers were rapid...
Networking in transition: current and future issues

When the initial library networks were established in the United States, they provided affordable, online automation services that were available from virtually no other source. The surge of automation experienced by American libraries for the past two decades has altered the historical relationships that characterize library cooperation. Local networks are being created and machine‐readable products previously available only from the networks are now being packaged on optical media and distributed to individual institutions. With these technological advances, the need for, services offered by, and financial viability of the networks have begun to undergo dramatic change. This is also a time of great opportunity for libraries and networks. There is on the horizon what may be the infrastructure for a national information network. The realization of this network will require close cooperation of librarians, who have embraced the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model for networking, and members of the academic and research community, which is still relying heavily on the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocols (TCP/IP) for communications purposes.
Diagnostic considerations in evaluation of patients presenting with melena and nondiagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Proper evaluation of patients with melena and nondiagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy is comparatively undefined. We sought to determine the percentage of patients with melena and nondiagnostic upper endoscopy and assess the yield of further evaluation. Of 209 patients presenting with melena, 180 underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy as the initial study, which was nondiagnostic in 43 cases (24%). Further evaluation was pursued in 30. A presumed source of melena was found in 11 patients (37%), identified by colonoscopy in seven, bleeding scan in three, and barium enema plus flexible sigmoidoscopy in one. Nearly all such defined cases originated from the right colon. Small bowel contrast studies, flexible sigmoidoscopy or barium enema alone, and angiography failed to reveal a source. Our findings suggest that many (24%) patients presenting with melena will have nondiagnostic upper endoscopy; further evaluation reveals a potential source in 37% of this group, with the right colon being the most likely location of pathology; and colonoscopy is the test of choice in this cohort.
Toward a more interdisciplinary research agenda: The potential contributions of sociology

This paper reviews some current trends in the sociological literature on distributive justice, emphasizing recent attempts to link stratification research and theories of distributive justice. In particular, research on the perceived justice and legitimacy of inequality (especially income inequality) is discussed. A description of several key unresolved issues which could benefit from interdisciplinary inquiry is also presented. Suggested topics for future research include: the emergence of norms of distributive justice, the conditions under which inequality is perceived as legitimate and just, and the link between collective action and perceptions of distributive and procedural justice.
From Innovation to Impact in Development

Technology plays a central role in economic transformation. Yet relatively few teams of economists and engineers work together to maximize technology's impact on international development. In his address, Berkeley Professor Edward Miguel describes the experimental methodologies that today's economists employ in their work, and cases where their research findings have contributed to large-scale policy change. Looking forward, he argues that deeper engagement between economists, data scientists and engineers can accelerate a new wave of policy innovation and improve understanding of what really "works" in development, providing a valuable global public good.
Evaluation of a system to screen for stimulators of non-specific DNA nicking by HIV-1 integrase: application to a library of 50,000 compounds.

Background In addition to activities needed to catalyse integration, retroviral integrases exhibit non-specific endonuclease activity that is enhanced by certain small compounds, suggesting that integrase could be stimulated to damage viral DNA before integration occurs. Methods A non-radioactive, plate-based, solution phase, fluorescence assay was used to screen a library of 50,080 drug-like chemicals for stimulation of non-specific DNA nicking by HIV-1 integrase. Results A semi-automated workflow was established and primary hits were readily identified from a graphic output. Overall, 0.6% of the chemicals caused a large increase in fluorescence (the primary hit rate) without also having visible colour that could have artifactually caused this result. None of the potential stimulators from this moderate-size library, however, passed a secondary test that included an inactive integrase mutant that assessed whether the increased fluorescence depended on the endonuclease activity of integrase. Conclusions This first attempt at identifying integrase stimulator compounds establishes the necessary logistics and workflow required. The results from this study should encourage larger scale high-throughput screening to advance the novel antiviral strategy of stimulating integrase to damage retroviral DNA.
Operating system scenarios as Use Case Maps

This paper summarizes the analysis, design, implementation, and performance analysis of an object-oriented operating system. The analysis applies Use Case Maps (UCMs) to provide a high-level abstraction of the behavior scenarios for state transition, character output, network access, and disk access. The UCM for state transitions is converted into a queueing network for simulation study of I/O-bound versus CPU-bound systems. An overview of the later stages emphasizes UML for architecture and detailed collaboration, as well as Java examples. The performance of the disk sub-system is analyzed by instrumenting the Java code, and the results show that design choices can affect the throughput.
Intersystem crossing in glyoxal vapor. An experimental study of both the resonant and statistical limit

Abstract We describe results from a continuing study of excited state relaxation processes in glyoxal (CHOCHO) that demonstrate the resonant or small molecule limit of a nonradiative transition. Intersystem crossing from the excited singlet ( 1 A u ) state to a triplet state (presumably the 3 A u state) is shown to be collisionally induced, and thus glyoxal provides an example beyond the realm of triatomics where the resonant limit predicted by theory is clearly displayed. On the other hand, the data show that intersystem crossing from the triplet to the ground state, if present, is intramolecular. This is consistent with predictions that this transition lies in the statistical limit.
Some finite state aspects of legged locomotion

Abstract Animal locomotion systems making use of legs as the basic component for support and propulsion can be studied from the point of view of finite state machine theory by regarding each leg as an elementary two-state sequential machine. The two states are simply the state of being in contact with the supporting surface and the state of being raised above it. This idealization permits the construction of a general theory of locomotion equally applicable to animals and legged locomotion machines. Such a theory can be made sufficiently complete to permit the synthesis of finite control algorithms capable of coordinating limb movements in either animals or machines. The validity of the finite state approach has been established by the construction and testing of an artificial quadruped based entirely upon finite state principles.
A proposal for financing postmarketing drug safety studies by augmenting FDA user fees.

I propose to raise funds for postapproval studies of long-term drug safety by augmenting the existing "user-fee" system. Fees would be raised by an amount deemed op- timal for revenue collection, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would direct the incremental funds to a combination of randomized controlled trials, epidemiological studies, and postmarketing surveillance. User-fee augmentation is an achievable, incre- mental reform that would subsidize information that is now undersupplied in the U.S. health care system; spread the burden of funding postmarketing safety studies among pharmaceutical sponsors; and help restore public, scientific, and professional confidence in the FDA and its user-fee system. R ecent e vents h ave e xp o sed several problems in U.S. pharmaceutical regulation. Critics have pointed to insufficient regulatory attention to safety issues, an emphasis on quick approvals over safety, an undue de- pendence on pharmaceutical companies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administra- tion's (FDA's) drug review branch (Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, or CDER), the role of drug user fees in promoting such dependence, the severe undersupply of information on long-term safety, the failure of the FDA to compel (and of pharmaceutical companies to complete) Phase IV studies, and others. There is no consensus on the existence, nature, and severity of these problems. Yet the trust of citizens, professionals, and health care providers in pharmaceutical regulation has been damaged. 1 The very appearance of regulatory failure is a
Antigen-independent and antigen-dependent methods to numerically expand CD19-specific CD8+ T cells.

Objective Preclinical and clinical trials are investigating the potential of T cells genetically modified to express a first-generation CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), designated CD19R, for adoptive immunotherapy of B-lineage leukemias and lymphomas. Currently, our genetically modified CD19-specific CD8 + (CD19R + CD8 + ) T cells are expanded ex vivo using a rapid expansion protocol (REP) to clinically meaningful numbers after antigen-independent activation with anti-CD3ɛ and recombinant human interleukin-2 on a double-cell feeder-layer of γ-irradiated allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a lymphoblastoid cell line. We now compare the ability of the REP with CD19-dependent numerical expansion using CD19 + artificial antigen-presenting cells to propagate CD19R + CD8 + T cells. Materials and Methods We evaluated long-term (28 days) propagation, CD19R CAR expression, and cytolytic activity of CD19R + CD8 + T cells expanded by either a REP or an antigen expansion protocol (AEP) using K562-derived artificial antigen-presenting cells coexpressing CD19 antigen and two T-cell costimulatory molecules (4-1BB ligand and major histocompatibility class I–related chains A) in the presence of exogenous recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant human interleukin-15. Results Populations of CD19R + CD8 + T cells could be numerically expanded on AEP to meet anticipated clinical need. The AEP was superior to REP, as this method selected for an outgrowth of T cells with increased CD19R CAR expression and improved redirected cytolytic activity. Conclusion Robust propagation of CD19R + CD8 + T cells achieved by AEP supports qualifying this cell line for use in current good manufacturing practices for CAR + T cells as an alternative to REP for adoptive immunotherapy clinical trials.
A new method for storing weights in analog neural hardware

An optoelectronic method for nonvolatile storage of analog weights in artificial network hardware is proposed. A pulse of light of selected wavelength is used to store analog information by forcing electrons in a suitably engineered medium into stable energy levels. The information is retrieved by exposing the medium to light of a second wavelength which drops the stored electrons back into their initial energy levels, creating a proportionate number of photons which can be detected using a photodiode. This is suggested as a technique, called quantum storage, which can be used to represent analog weights in neural hardware. >
Revising the Ethics Code of the IAMFC—A Training Exercise for Counseling Psychology and Counselor Education Students:

Mental health professionals’ knowledge of their ethics code is essential in an era in which consumerism has brought about an increased awareness of consumer rights. Ethics codes are designed to protect the public and the profession. Trainees in the mental health profession need to learn and become familiar with their ethics code during their graduate training. Reviewing and revising the ethics code of the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (IAMFC) is one way to provide that training. This article describes the revision proposal process undertaken by students in the Counseling Psychology and Counselor Education (CPCE) program at the University of Colorado at Denver.
MyoD and Myogenin Expression Patterns in Cultures of Fetal and Adult Chicken Myoblasts

Isolated chicken myoblasts had previously been utilized in many studies aiming at understanding the emergence and regulation of the adult myogenic precursors (satellite cells). However, in recent years only a small number of chicken satellite cell studies have been published compared to the increasing number of studies with rodent satellite cells. In large part this is due to the lack of markers for tracing avian myogenic cells before they become terminally differentiated and express muscle-specific structural proteins. We previously demonstrated that myoblasts isolated from fetal and adult chicken muscle display distinct schedules of myosin heavy-chain isoform expression in culture. We further showed that myoblasts isolated from newly hatched and young chickens already possess the adult myoblast phenotype. In this article, we report on the use of polyclonal antibodies against the chicken myogenic regulatory factor proteins MyoD and myogenin for monitoring fetal and adult chicken myoblasts as they progress from proliferation to differentiation in culture. Fetal-type myoblasts were isolated from 11-day-old embryos and adult-type myoblasts were isolated from 3-week-old chickens. We conclude that fetal myoblasts express both MyoD and myogenin within the first day in culture and rapidly transit into the differentiated myosin-expressing state. In contrast, adult myoblasts are essentially negative for MyoD and myogenin by culture Day 1 and subsequently express first MyoD and then myogenin before expressing sarcomeric myosin. The delayed MyoD-to-myogenin transition in adult myoblasts is accompanied by a lag in the fusion into myotubes, compared to fetal myoblasts. We also report on the use of a commercial antibody against the myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) to detect terminally differentiated chicken myoblasts by their MEF2+ nuclei. Collectively, the results support the hypothesis that fetal and adult myoblasts represent different phenotypic populations. The fetal myoblasts may already be destined for terminal differentiation at the time of their isolation, and the adult myoblasts may represent progenitors that reside in an earlier compartment of the myogenic lineage.
The Conservation of Unisexual Vertebrate Populations

Ranker and Arft (1994) brought needed attention to current ambiguity in the use of the term "hybrid" and the potential confusion this ambiguity can have on the protection of allopolyploid plants under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). This legislation denies protection to hybrids under the (not explicitly stated) rationale that "hybrids" as generally understood do not constitute independent evolutionary lineages and, hence, are undeserving of protection. Ranker and Arft correctly point out, however, that the term "hybrid," denoting the F 1 progeny of interspecific matings, should not be confused with polyploid taxa that are originally of hybrid origin. The important distinction is that the former are evolutionary dead-ends that are most often sterile or have greatly reduced fertility relative to their parental species (Dobzhansky 1941; Mayr 1970), while the latter are independent lineages capable of persistence over evolutionary time scales. Ranker and Arft argue that the preclusion of protection for hybrids by the ESA pertains to the former group, while the latter, by virtue of their persistence and evolutionary independence from their parental species, qualify as species and, therefore, deserve protection under the ESA. I believe this argument to be accurate, but I would like to point out the existence among certain unisexual vertebrates of a third class of phenomena intermediate in nature to the distinction between primary, homoploid hybrids and aUopolyploid species noted by Ranker and Arft. I then consider how the questionable taxonomic standing of these unisexuals affects how they fare in current protection programs and argue that a process-oriented conception of biodiversity requires inclusion of such unisexual forms in protection efforts. Unisexual (all-female) populations of vertebrates were first described by Hubbs and Hubbs (1932) for the fish genus Poecilia. Subsequently, unisexual populations have been discovered in several families of freshwater fishes, salamanders, and lizards. Currently, unisexual lineages are known from at least 22 genera (see Vrijenhoek et al. [1989] for an almost complete listing), and a few of
THE AGGLUTINATION OF BACTERIA IN VIVO.

1. Small quantities of antiserum bring about instantaneous agglutination of pneumococci in the circulation of the rabbit; the reaction is specific and occurs in every case in which sufficient serum is given to influence the course of the septicemia or to prolong the life of the animal. 2. The agglutinating titer of antipneurnococcus serum can be made considerably higher by adding only a small quantity of culture to the tests, thus making the test a finer differential. 3. Typhoid bacilli agglutinate spontaneously in the circulation of the normal rabbit; the reaction is positive in vivo even in cases in which undiluted serum gives a negative result in vitro; heating the bacilli to 80°C. for thirty minutes renders them more agglutinable in vivo . 4. Dysentery bacilli of the Shiga type do not agglutinate in the blood stream of the normal rabbit, but a small quantity of antiserum injected into the circulation causes immediate agglutination; while all strains of the Flexner group undergo spontaneous agglutination. 5. Non-virulent influenza bacilli agglutinate spontaneously in the circulation of the normal rabbit; virulent strains remain in the blood unclumped. 6. In all instances so far investigated of both passive and natural immunity, agglutination of the bacteria within the blood of the infected animal was followed by a rapid removal of the bacteria from the circulation, and by phagocytosis and destruction of the agglutinated bacteria in the capillary systems of the viscera; while those bacteria which are not agglutinated remain in the circulation and produce a progressive septicemia. 7. Hence the agglutinins seem to play the decisive part in at least certain instances of bacterial infections.
Review of 'Law at the Vanishing Point: A Philosophical Analysis of International Law,' by Aaron Fichtelberg

This is a largely critical review of Professor Aaron Fichtelberg’s philosophical analysis of international law. The centerpiece of the book’s affirmative agenda, a “non-reductionist” definition of international law that purports to elide various forms of international law skepticism, strikes the reviewer as circular, misguided in general, and, in its application to substantive international legal issues, difficult to distinguish from a rote form of legal positivism. Law at the Vanishing Point’s avowed empirical methodology and critical agenda, while largely unobjectionable, offer little that has not been said before, often with equal if not greater force. I commend the author’s effort to bring the professional philosopher’s toolkit to bear on the perennial questions about international law’s reality and efficacy, and the author’s philosophical aptitude emerges clearly in the work. But I doubt that many readers will find the non-reductionist definition particularly helpful in this regard: it is unclear what the philosophical excursions in Law at the Vanishing Point add to the continuing debates about international law. The need for serious and legally informed philosophical attention to the manifold questions subsumed by international legal skepticism has sadly remained, with few and partial exceptions, unchanged since H.L.A. Hart explored the issue in his canonical 1961 work, The Concept of Law, only to see it largely neglected by a subsequent generation of legal philosophers.
FATHER INVOLVEMENT AND LONG-TERM YOUNG ADULT OUTCOMES: THE DIFFERENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF DIVORCE AND GENDER

The present study investigated the relationship between retrospectively reported father involvement and current reports of psychosocial outcomes in an ethnically diverse sample of 1,989 young adults. Outcomes included subjective well-being, which has been traditionally used as an outcome of divorce, and desires for more or less father involvement, which have only recently been conceptualized as an outcome of divorce. The present results indicate that reported father involvement was related to subjective well-being primarily in children from intact families, whereas it was related to desired father involvement primarily in children from divorced families. Among participants from divorced families, young women were more likely than young men to desire more expressive father involvement than they received. Implications for family court practices are discussed.
Theory and experiment of electromagnetically excited microstrip antennas for circular polarization operation

Feed structures using electromagnetic coupling for microstrip antennas have been proposed and investigated because of their ease of fabrication and integration with active devices. Aperture-coupled, slot-fed, coplanar waveguide-fed, and slot line-fed microstrip antennas are categorized as electromagnetically excited microstrip antennas. Since the slot is common to these electromagnetically excited microstrip antennas, its applications to circular polarization (CP) operation are studied. Using simple design formulas for an arbitrarily oriented slot-fed microstrip antenna, the CP performances for the first three types of electromagnetically excited microstrip antennas are investigated and tested experimentally. The measured CP radiation patterns and the feed structures are shown for the slot-fed, coplanar waveguide-fed, and aperture-coupled cases at about 2.7 GHz. As can be seen from the CP radiation pattern plots, the best CP is obtained for the slot-fed case because the theory was developed for this geometry. However, for the coplanar waveguide-fed case and the aperture-coupled case, the axial ratios are still below 3 dB for some range of observation angle. >
Race and gender in music videos: the same beat but a different drummer

Les femmes et les noirs restent minoritaires dans les videoclips televises aux Etats-Unis, sauf sur les chaines destinees en public noir ou les noirs sont plus volontiers mis en scene que les blancs, du moins dans les scenarios optimistes
How sampling affects estimates of demographic parameters

Question Demographic rates are often modelled using small data sets over short time frames. Here, we use fully sampled populations as a basis for testing how the intensity of two different sampling approaches (individual random-tree and n-tree distance plots) can affect estimates of growth parameters and the timing of population development. How do sampling method and intensity affect estimates of early stages of population growth? Location North-central Wyoming, USA. Methods We used a data set in which every individual in each of four discrete ponderosa pine populations was mapped and aged. We calculated cumulative population growth and fitted it to a logistic regression model. Based on this model, we estimated population growth rate, first colonization, timing of population growth initiation, maximum growth rate and growth saturation. We conducted simulations for two sampling methods. First, individual trees were chosen at random, with different percentages of the full population being chosen. Second, we simulated n-tree distance plot sampling, where we changed the number of plots that were laid in each population. For each method and at each intensity, 10 000 simulation runs were performed. The simulation results were fitted to a logistic regression model. We then looked at the difference between the full and partially sampled population results to examine how lowering sampling intensity affected the results. Results Population growth rate was not significantly affected by sampling intensity except at low levels of sampling. However, first colonization and timing of population initiation were affected by sampling intensity. For both parameters, the individual random-tree method produced more accurate results than the n-distance method as sampling intensity decreased. Conclusions Accurate estimation of population growth parameters is critical for both ecological understanding and resource management. Results are encouraging in that they indicate that moderate levels of sampling will reliably estimate population growth parameters. However, our results are specific to ponderosa pine and may not apply to other species with different life-history characteristics. Our results also highlight the fact that population structure can play a major role in sampling accuracy and needs to be considered in choosing the appropriate method and intensity.
Color Doppler Flow Imaging For Deep Venous Thrombosis Screening in Patients Undergoing Pelvic Lymphadenectomy and Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy for Prostatic Carcinoma

Patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy are traditionally considered to be at high risk for postoperative venous thromboembolic complications. A prospective deep venous thrombosis screening regimen was initiated at our medical center in 1990 following 2 cases of fatal pulmonary embolism that occurred after hospital discharge. During a 3-year period 245 consecutive patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer were screened postoperatively for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis using ultrasound duplex scanning with color Doppler flow imaging. The results were correlated only with the development of clinical deep venous thrombosis. No additional diagnostic modalities were used to confirm a normal venous system in asymptomatic patients. Venous thromboembolic complications were encountered in 9 of the 245 patients (3.6%). In 2 patients deep venous thrombosis was associated with nonfatal pulmonary embolism. Only 2 of the 9 cases of deep venous thrombosis were detected by color Doppler flow imaging screening. The striking decrease in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis following radical prostatectomy in the last decade and the low yield of screening at a single point in time may warrant reconsideration of the need for deep venous thrombosis screening among patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
Can a Muslim be an Indian

I want to begin this paper with two simple points. One is that nations are established by constructing a core or mainstream—the essential, natural, soul of the nation, as it is claimed. The other is that minorities are constituted along with the nation—for they are the means of constituting national majorities or mainstreams. Nations, and nationalisms, are established by defining boundaries. However, these are not always—or perhaps, ever—sharply or easily defined. Nationalisms have therefore commonly moved along the path of identifying the core or mainstream of the nation. Alongside this emerge notions of minorities, marginal communities, or elements,Brackette F. Williams makes the point as follows in her discussion of ethnicity in the context of territorial and cultural nationalism. Like tribe, race, or barbarian, she notes, the label ethnicity identifies those who are at the borders of empire or nation. “Within putatively homogenous nation-states, this border is an ideologically produced boundary between ‘mainstream' and peripheral categorical units of this kind of ‘imagined' social order.” Williams, ‘A Class Act: Anthropology and the Race to Nation across Ethnic Terrain,' Annual Review of Anthropology, 18 (1989), 439. the fuzzy edges and grey areas around which the question of boundaries—geographical, social, and cultural—will be negotiated or fought over.
Making Memories without Trying: Medial Temporal Lobe Activity Associated with Incidental Memory Formation during Recognition

Structures in the medial portions of the human temporal lobes (MTL) play a vital role in the ability to learn new facts and events, whether such learning is intentional or incidental. We examined neural activity in the MTL both while participants studied pictures of novel scenes and while they attempted to recognize which scenes had been previously presented. In a second surprise test we assessed participants' memory for items that were presented only during the previous recognition memory test. We present a novel approach to cross-participant alignment of neuroimaging data that provides more precise localization and enhanced statistical power within regions such as the MTL. Using this technique, we observed that the amount of MTL activity predicted participants' ability to subsequently remember scenes not only during the intentional study task, but also during the first memory retrieval test when only incidental encoding occurred. This encoding-related activity during memory retrieval was in the same subregions of the MTL as encoding-related activity during intentional study and is hypothesized to be one of the primary reasons why retrieval-related activity is often difficult to observe with neuroimaging techniques.
Principal Leadership: Sustaining and Deepening School Improvement in Low-Income Communities in North America

This introductory article presents the research background for this special issue of the Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership. The article includes an overview of the International Successful...
Screening Model for Storm Water Control

The problem of overflows and local flooding from combined sewer systems is reviewed, and the control alternatives of storage and treatment are examined. A linear programming model for screening the sizes and operating policies of conduits and storage and treatment facilities is formulated. The objective function is to minimize costs. The constraint set maintains physical continuity, sizes the facilities, and specifies water quality objectives. The paper also describes the EPA Storm Water Management Model, which is a detailed simulation model of combined sewer flows. The paper shows how the EPA model can be used interactively with the screening model to plan for the control of combined sewer overflow and local flooding. A case study is made on the Bloody Run Drainage Basin, Cincinnati, Ohio. The results of the case study indicate that the screening model and the planning method are reliable.
An Example of Moduli

In this chapter we analyze in detail bifurcation problems of the form (0.1) where A,B,C,D ∈ ℝ and p ∈ ℳ4. Such problems provide the first occurrence (i.e., lowest codimension) of moduli, and that is the reason we study (0.1). However, problems of the form (0.1) have codimension 5 or greater, so their analysis, especially exploration of parameter space, is not a simple matter. (Remark: In different mathematical contexts (e.g., bifurcation problems with symmetry) moduli occur in much lower codimension. For example, we analyze cases with codimension 3 in Chapter VI and in Case Study 3; in Volume II we shall encounter an example with codimension one where the one unfolding parameter is a modal parameter!)