cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-Dependent Actions in Cultured AT-1 Cardiac Myocytes: The Role of the ε Isoform of Protein Kinase C

Abstract The consequences of endothelin receptor activation were examined in atrial tumor myocytes derived from transgenic mice (AT-1 cells). Endothelin-1 (endothelin) stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Endothelin also induces the rapid and transient translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-e immunoreactivity from the soluble to the particulate cell fraction. The subcellular distributions of PKCα and PKCζ (also expressed by AT-1 cells) are not influenced by endothelin. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy with fura 2, we examined the effects of endothelin on intracellular calcium. In electrically driven myocytes, endothelin induces a rapid and transient increase in the amplitude of the calcium transient. This is blocked by both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) pretreatment to downregulate PKC and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, arguing that PKCe plays a critical role in endothelin receptor–dependent increases in intracellular calcium. Endothelin also stimulates m...
Serial position and affect

This study examined the influence of serial position of subjects’ affect ratings of stimuli. Ninety subjects saw a serial list of 12 nonsense words repeated two, four, or eight times. Subjects rated the words and then attempted to recall them. Results indicated that: (a) A curvilinear relationship exists between serial position and affect, with first and last items preferred to middle items. (b) Recall is most accurate for the first items in the list. (c) Partially and completely recalled words are preferred to words which were not recalled. (d) After controlling for recall, the curvilinear relationship between serial position and affect still remains.
Physiological strategies of co-occurring oaks in a water- and nutrient-limited ecosystem.

Oak species are well suited to water-limited conditions by either avoiding water stress through deep rooting or tolerating water stress through tight stomatal control. In co-occurring species where resources are limited, species may either partition resources in space and/or time or exhibit differing efficiencies in the use of limited resources. Therefore, this study seeks to determine whether two co-occurring oak species (Quercus prinus L. and Quercus velutina Lam.) differ in physiological parameters including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water-use (WUE) and nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), as well as to char acterize transpiration and average canopy stomatal responses to climatic variables in a sandy, well-drained and nutrient-limited ecosystem. The study was conducted in the New Jersey Pinelands and we measured sap flux over a 3-year period, as well as leaf gas exchange, leaf nitrogen and carbon isotope concentrations. Both oak species showed relatively steep increases in leaf- specific transpiration at low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) values before maximum transpiration rates were achieved, which were sustained over a broad range in VPD. This suggests tight stomatal control over transpiration in both species, although Q. velutina showed significantly higher leaf-level and canopy-level stomatal conductance than Q. prinus. Average daytime stomatal conductance was positively correlated with soil moisture and both oak species maintained at least 75% of their maximum canopy stomatal conductance at soil moistures in the upper soil layer (0–0.3 m) as low as 0.03 m 3 m −3 . Quercus velutina had significantly higher photosynthetic rates, maximum Rubisco-limited and electron-transport-limited car boxylation rates, dark respiration rates and nitrogen concentration per unit leaf area than Q. prinus. However, both species exhibited similar WUEs and NUEs. Therefore, Q. prinus has a more conservative resource-use strategy, while Q. velutina may need to exploit niches that are locally higher in nutrients and water. Likewise, both species appear to tap deep, stable water sources, highlighting the importance of rooting depth in modeling transpiration and stomatal conductance in many oak ecosystems.
Overconfidence and Optimism in Self-Employment

Some have argued that entrepreneurs are more optimistic than non-entrepreneurs. A related theoretical perspective argues that entrepreneurs are more likely to suffer from various overconfidence biases. Prior research has often treated the two interchangeably. In this research I argue that optimism and overconfidence are correlated but conceptually distinct. Optimism is defined as the tendency or inclination to perceive, interpret, or construe an event or action as more likely to result in a favorable outcome irrespective of the objective probability of that outcome actually occurring or the abilities or attributes the individual marshals to bringing it to fruition. Overconfidence, on the other hand, is an excessive or unwarranted belief in one's own attributes or abilities-or that of some other social or economic actor(s)-to predict or bring about some outcome. Using data from all five waves of the National Education Longitudinal Survey ("NELS") I adjudicate between the two concepts as they relate to predicting self-employment status. I find that only overconfidence (both general and specific to earnings ability) has a positive impact on becoming self-employed. Importantly, both forms of overconfidence are measured 6 to 8 years prior to entry into self-employment, which minimizes the possibility of reverse causality. Controlling for intervening ownership expectations makes this all the more decisive. I conclude by providing some exploratory analyses of what drives overconfidence in earnings expectations, as well as some speculations regarding the causes of these findings.
Testing of a novel medium voltage impedance measurement unit

In recent years the interest in deriving new concepts for electric distribution systems that build on power electronics converter interfaces for system components has increased rapidly. This interest is based on the promise that the power electronics based interfaces between distribution and generation/loads bring about higher efficiency, compacter implementation, and improved controllability. Nevertheless, ensuring stability of these converter dominated systems is a challenge. One means of analyzing stability properties is through measuring impedances, i.e., measuring input and output impedances of connected components. This paper presents results of testing the first available medium voltage impedance measurement unit.
Power of Positive Words

Words manifest in many forms - symbols, proverbs, metaphors, riddles, parables, stories and hymns- and form the basis of our culture, organizations, and socio-economic-political systems. Words not only mean the objective phenomena that determine our lives, but also assist in the creation and enactment of novel, imaginative or subjective ideals that shape our lives and provide meaning to our existence. This paper highlights the role of socio-cognitive, socio-linguistic processes and organizational routines to develop the words (metaphors, narratives, stories) that would help build the intellectual and social capital. This paper further elaborates the link between sharing words that are genuine, personal and positive, and how to realize hope, dignity, and fairness to all stakeholders, and narrates the examples of how organizations make use of stories, metaphors, and analogies in their strategy processes to achieve cognitive and creative advantages.
Bonus or not? learn to reward in crowdsourcing

Recent work has shown that the quality of work produced in a crowdsourcing working session can be influenced by the presence of performance-contingent financial incentives, such as bonuses for exceptional performance, in the session. We take an algorithmic approach to decide when to offer bonuses in a working session to improve the overall utility that a requester derives from the session. Specifically, we propose and train an input-output hidden Markov model to learn the impact of bonuses on work quality and then use this model to dynamically decide whether to offer a bonus on each task in a working session to maximize a requester's utility. Experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk show that our approach leads to higher utility for the requester than fixed and random bonus schemes do. Simulations on synthesized data sets further demonstrate the robustness of our approach against different worker population and worker behavior in improving requester utility.
Hepatic production and intestinal uptake of IGF-I: response to infection

The role of the liver and gut in contributing to the infection-induced fall in circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was examined in chronically catheterized conscious dogs. Two weeks be...
A novel AVPR2 splice site mutation leads to partial X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in two brothers

X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI, OMIM#304800) is caused by mutations in the arginine vasopressin (AVP, OMIM*192340) receptor type 2 (AVPR2, OMIM*300538) gene. A 20-month-old boy and his 8-year-old brother presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and failure to thrive. Both boys demonstrated partial DDAVP (1-desamino-8-D AVP or desmopressin) responses; thus, NDI diagnosis was delayed. While routine sequencing of AVPR2 showed a potential splice site variant, it was not until exome sequencing confirmed the AVPR2 splice site variant and did not reveal any more likely candidates that the patients’ diagnosis was made and proper treatment was instituted. Both patients were hemizygous for two AVPR2 variants predicted in silico to affect AVPR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. A minigene assay revealed that the novel AVPR2 c.276A>G mutation creates a novel splice acceptor site leading to 5′ truncation of AVPR2 exon 2 in HEK293 human kidney cells. Both patients have been treated with high-dose DDAVP with a remarkable improvement of their symptoms and accelerated linear growth and weight gain. Conclusion: We present here a unique case of partial X-linked NDI due to an AVPR2 splice site mutation; patients with diabetes insipidus of unknown etiology may harbor splice site mutations that are initially underestimated in their pathogenicity on sequence analysis.
Relaxation Length Review and Time Constant Analysis for Agile Tire Dynamics Control

For military all-terrain vehicles, there is a need to radically increase tactical and operational mobility through new modalities by fundamentally improving vehicle terrain control. By characterizing the tire relaxation length and time constants for lateral and longitudinal dynamic changes, mobility control can be enhanced to accommodate agile tire dynamics.This paper analyzes the transient period of the tire reaction force development process, which is characterized by the relaxation length, for the purpose of agile tire dynamics control as a pre-emptive, fast and exact response of a tire to dynamic changes of its interaction with terrain. In this regards, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken and the tire relaxation length was analyzed for different types of vehicles and their operational velocities. The time relaxation constants, which are derived from the relaxation length, are determined and analyzed based on the data gathered in technical literature. Based on the analysis, reference magnitudes of the time relaxation constants are proposed to be used in agile tire dynamics control algorithm and hardware developments of military all-terrain vehicles.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Immunization against Rabies using Avirulent Purified Vaccines

Our purpose was to prepare a vaccine with as much of the virus and as little of the foreign matter as possible. This was accomplished by precipitating the tissue protein at its isoelectric point. The method of procedure was identical with that employed in "Purification of Suspensions of the Virus of Vaccinia."1 In this way we were able to remove approximately 60*^) of the nervous tissue. The desired pH was obtained by the addition of a one hundredth molar citric acid solution. Preparations were made which were either turbid, containing much of the tissue, or water-clear and devoid of most of the foreign protein.
Author Reply: Once Again, Menstrual Cycles and Mate Preferences

This reply addresses the issues raised by the thoughtful commentaries on Wood, Kressel, Joshi, and Louie’s (2014) meta-analysis. We maintain that menstrual cycle influences on women’s mate preferences are obtained inconsistently in the literature and are linked to research artifacts. This pattern provides little support for the simple evolutionary psychology biology-to-behavior models that inspired this research. As illustrated by the commentaries, more promising theories of human reproduction situate biological and psychological processes within societal structures.
United States Opposition to Use of Force in the Taiwan Strait, 1954–1962

Relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China during the 1950s were strained by the United States policy of containment and isolation toward China and by combat in Korea. Despite that diplomatic and military hostility, a clearly defined policy of opposition to the use of force in the Taiwan Strait, which separated the Chinese Communists from the Chinese Nationalists, had slowly evolved. Early fears of a resumption of the Chinese civil war in the Taiwan Strait had first been alleviated when President Harry S. Truman ordered the United States Seventh Fleet to patrol the area in June 1950, setting a precedent for opposition to the use of force. As a result, the prospect of conflict had lain dormant until the offshore islands held by the Nationalists were bombarded by Communist forces from the mainland in the autumn of 1954. A United States commitment to help defend the Republic of China on Taiwan soon emerged, and the resulting defense pact established the policy of nonuse of force in the Taiwan Strait. During the following eight years, events surrounding the second Taiwan Strait crisis of 1958 led to a severe test and the refinement of that policy. The diplomatic negotiations that took place between 1954 and 1962 revealed serious disagreements between the United States and the Nationalist government on Taiwan. Differences in objectives and in the interpretation of the 1954 defense pact resulted in a divisive "alliance"; rather than form a harmonious relationship, the United States and the Republic of China on Taiwan grew farther apart from and distrustful of one another. The cautious and moderate policy of avoidance of force ran counter both to the Chinese Communist policy to reunify Taiwan with the mainland and to the Chinese Nationalist policy to "recover the mainland" (hui-fu da-lu). The Nationalist government's extensive military and economic reliance on the United States, however, allowed the United States to remain firm in opposing the use of force in the Taiwan dispute.
Discuss on Stuff Supervision of Medical Instrument Company

According to his experience,the author analyzed the current statement of the personnel,the supervise requirement and exist problems of the medical instrument company.Then he tabled some proposals for enhancing supervision.
Mechanism and Function of Angiogenin in Apoptosis Regulation

Angiogenin( ANG),a secreted ribonuclease,has been characterized recently as an antiapoptosis factor involved in a variety of cellular anti-apoptosis process. ANG regulates intrinsic pathwaysrelated major molecules such as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2,as well as extrinsic signaling pathways.Moreover,ANG regulates p53-regulated apoptosis,a process considered to be important in regulating both the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathways.
Chinese Students’ Knowledge of Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Apparel and Sustainable Purchase Intentions

Although many studies have focused on the relationship between consumers’ purchase intentions and their knowledge and attitudes of socially and environmentally responsible issues pertaining to the apparel and textiles (AT) industry, few studies have focused on consumers outside the US and UK. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to better understand the sustainability knowledge, attitudes, and purchasing intentions of Chinese consumers. A paper questionnaire consisting of approximately 80 questions and five scales was given to 52 Chinese undergraduate students enrolled in a course at a university located in the Zhejiang province of China during the summer of 2015. As a result of the data analysis, the Chinese students were much more informed of environmental issues within the AT industry as compared to issues of social responsibility, yet also reported strong attitudes regarding the treatment and safety of workers in AT production and how these issues might influence their purchasing intentions.
Intensive insulin therapy reduced the incidence of neurologic complications in critically ill patients.

Source Citation Van den Berghe G, Schoonheydt K, Becx P, Bruyninckx F, Wouters PJ. Insulin therapy protects the central and peripheral nervous system of intensive care patients. Neurology. 2005;64:...
Charakterisierung immunhämolytischer Anämien mit negativem Antiglobulintest

In seltenen Fallen stellt sich das Problem einer erworbenen hamolytischen Anamie mit negativem Antiglobulintest, bei der kein Anhalt fur eine andersartige Genese der Hamolyse als ein Antoimmunprozes gegeben ist. Im Folgenden wird uber Untersuchungen an sechs derartigen Patienten berichtet. Klinisch bestanden bei allen Patienten Zeichen einer Hamolyse, die allerdings in keinem Fall akut war. In allen Fallen war der Antiglobulintest mit Breitspektrum-, anti-IgG, -IgM, -IgA, anti-C3 sowie anti-C4 Antiseren, auch bei Durchfuhrung bei 4 °C, wiederholt negativ. Der Antiglobulintest wurde als Rohrchentest durchgefuhrt. Auch fand sich weder nach Enzymbehandlung noch im Albuminmilieu eine Agglutination der Patientenerythrocyten.
Commentary: Liver Transplantation for Common Bile Duct Injury

Live transplantation in the management of bile duct injury in either the acute or chronic setting is a rare event. A rough estimate is that 0.5 % of patients that sustain a bile duct injury at the time of cholecystectomy will go on to liver transplantation. Transplantation in the acute setting is generally secondary to associated vascular injury and carries a high mortality. Transplantation in the chronic setting of biliary cirrhosis follows standard indications, workup and techniques as for standard liver transplantation but may be a more complex procedure due to previous biliary tract surgery. Liver transplantation has a small but definite role in the management of bile duct injury and stricture.
Pseudotumors of the Foot

Summary Pseudotumors of the foot comprise about 10 per cent of all benign tumors of the foot. Although the majority of these lesions are soft tissue in nature, a significant number involve bone. A small percentage of these pseudotumors consist of unrecognized soft tissue and bone variants of the normal foot and ankle. Some of these lesions are innocuous and require no therapy, but others require medical or surgical management. Proper treatment depends upon the ability of the treating physician to recognize the nature of these lesions.
Fusing the Equitable Function in Private Law

Whether and to what extent we should desire the fusion of law and equity depends on the function it serves. This paper draws on systems theory to show how equity is a second-order check on the workings of the law, when complex problems such as party opportunism call for such targeted intervention. Seen from this standpoint, the substantive distinctiveness of equity is potentially valuable even if it is administered in a unified court system. Because this function has not been sufficiently recognized, fusion has been carried too far, especially in the United States. Symptoms of an under theorized excessive fusion of law and equity include multi-factor balancing tests, a polarization of formalism and contextualism, and a flattening of the law’s approach to remedies.
Semantic Categories and Gender Assignment in Contact Spanish: Type of Code-Switching and its Relevance to Linguistic Outcomes

The present study examines two aspects of determiner phrases ( DP s) that have been previously investigated in Spanish/English code-switching; namely, the openness of semantic domains to non-native nouns and gender assignment in monolingual versus code-switched speech. The quantitative analysis of naturalistic, oral production data from 62 native speakers of Northern Belizean Spanish revealed both similarities and notable differences vis-a-vis previous findings for varieties of Spanish/English code-switching in the U.S . Hispanophone context. Semantic domains that favoured non-native nouns in Spanish/English DP s included academia, technology, work/money-related terms, abstract concepts, linguistics/language terms and everyday items. In relation to gender assignation, assignment patterns in monolingual DP s were canonical whereas an overwhelming preference for the masculine default gender was attested in mixed DP s. Biological gender was not found to be deterministic in switched DP s. The analysis highlights the important role that type of code-switching has on contact outcomes in bi/multilingual communities, as speech patterns are reflective of the status and resourcefulness that code-switching is afforded at a societal and idiolectal level.
The Cambridge Guide to African American History

This book emphasizes blacks' agency and achievements in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, notably outcomes of the Civil Rights Movement. To consider the means or strategies that African Americans utilized in pursuing their aspirations and struggles for freedom and equality, readers can consult subjects delineating ideological, institutional, and organizational aspects of black priorities, with tactics of resistance or dissent, over time and place. The entries include but are not limited to Afro-American Culture; Anti-Apartheid Movement; Anti-lynching Campaign; Antislavery Movement; Black Power Movement; Constitution, US (1789); Conventions, National Negro; Desegregation; Durham Manifesto (1942); Feminism; Four Freedoms; Haitian Revolution; Jobs Campaigns; the March on Washington (1963); March on Washington Movement (MOWM); New Negro Movement; Niagara Movement; Pan-African Movement; Religion; Slavery; Violence, Racial; and the Voter Education Project. While providing an important reference and learning tool, this volume offers a critical perspective on the actions and legacies of ordinary and elite blacks and their non-black allies.
Learning and Evolution in Games: Belief Learning

In the context of learning in games, belief learning refers to models in which players are engaged in a dynamic game and each player optimizes, or e optimizes, with respect to a prediction rule that gives a forecast of next period opponent behaviour as a function of the current history. This article focuses on the most studied class of dynamic games, two-player discounted repeated games with finite stage game action sets and perfect monitoring. An important example of a dynamic game that violates perfect monitoring and therefore falls outside this framework is Fudenberg and Levine (1993). For a more comprehensive survey of belief learning, see Fudenberg and Levine (1998).
HIV/AIDS: A Survey of Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behavior in Post War Liberia

A survey of 170 Liberians was conducted through a partnership between Rust College in Mississippi, USA and Cuttington University, Liberia, funded by the United Negro College Fund Special Programs (UNCFSP) in 2006. Data were gathered on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, alcohol use, and sex life; awareness of HIV/AIDS; knowledge of HIV/AIDS; sources of information about HIV/AIDS; beliefs, attitudes and behavior; opinions related to sexual practices; awareness of condom; and, access to media and acceptance of message on safe sex . The study findings showed that, on the whole, the levels of awareness of HIV/AIDS, knowledge of its origins and knowledge of preventive behaviors appeared to be considerably higher than their level of protective behaviors for safe sex—i.e., their knowledge and awareness did not change significantly their risky behavior. These findings suggest that there is a critical need for capacity building and implementation of effective HIV/AIDS prevention strategies to overcome negative health related consequences, including dissemination, intervention and evaluation associated with the risk of contracting and spreading HIV/AIDS in Liberia.
Growth of the maxillary sinus in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Abstract Maxillary sinus volumetric and surface area data and growth models from longitudinal samples of children and adolescents are presented. Cone-beam radiographic CT scans from two small retrospective longitudinal samples, one from the Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX (N = 17, 12 females, 5 males, 10.9–17.4 years) and one from a group private orthodontic practice in Nevada (N = 15, 9 females, 6 males, 6.4–13.4 years) were used to collect maxillary sinus volumes and surface areas from each individual imaged at two times separated by variable intervals. Volume and surface area values were collected in Analyze® (Mayo Clinic) and growth models were produced in MLwiN®, a multi-level modeling program. There is a large degree of inter-individual variation. Surface area and surface-area-to-volume ratio (SA:V) changes are particularly variable. Growth models suggest linear growth in both volume and surface area, without growth spurts.
Enrichment of CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow Using a P-Selectin-Coated Microtube.

Enrichment and purification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is important in transplantation therapies for hematological disorders and for basic stem cell research. Primitive CD34+ HSPCs have demonstrated stronger rolling adhesion than mature CD34- mononuclear cells on selectins (Blood2000; 95:478–486). We have exploited this differential rolling behavior to capture and purify HSPCs from bone marrow, by perfusing mononuclear cells through selectin-coated microtubes. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were perfused through the cell capture microtubes coated with adhesion molecules. These utilized a parallel plate flow chamber (Glycotech), and the P-selectin was adsorbed with laboratory tubing of appropriate lengths attached to the inlet, outlet, and vacuum ports of the gasket chamber. After perfusion, the device lumen was washed and captured cells were visualized and estimated by video microscopy. “Rolling” cells were defined as cells translating at less than 50% of the calculated hydrodynamic free stress velocity. Velocities of single cells were determined using a MATLAB program designed to measure the change in position of the cell centroid in a given time period. Adherent cells were eluted by high shear, calcium free buffer and air embolism. Immunofluorescence staining followed by flow cytometry was used to analyze CD34+ HSPCs. CD34+ HSPC purity of cells captured in adhesion molecule-coated devices was significantly higher than the fraction of CD34+ cells found in bone marrow- mononuclear cells (2.5 ± 0.8%). P-selectin coated surfaces yielded 16–20% CD34+ cell purity, while antibody coated surfaces yielded 12–18%. Although the CD34+ cell purities were comparable between selectin and antibody surfaces, the total number of CD34+ HSPCs captured was significantly higher in P-selectin devices (∼5.7–7.1 × 10 4 ) when compared to the antibody device (∼1.74–2.61 × 10 4 ). Furthermore, analysis for cells positive for CD133, a surface marker for more primitive HSPCs, depicted approximately 10–14 fold enrichment in P-selectin samples over control bone marrow mononuclear cells. The captured cells were viable and exhibited in vitro colony forming capabilities. Thus, P-selectin can be used in a compact flow device to capture and enrich HSPCs. This study supports the hypothesis that flow-based adhesion molecule-mediated capture may be a viable physiologic approach to the capture and purification of HSPCs.
Is Humor Serious

tion to the study of institutional interaction and the varieties of issues it encompasses. Conversation analysis and related ap proaches, though a persistent presence in the discipline, remain at its margins, particularly in the U.S. The study of institutional interac tion is beginning to change this, as its topics are more familiar to researchers who might question sociological credentials of the area. However, for those wanting to ground their work with a deeper understanding of the ba sic processes of human social organization reflected in the study of interaction sui genenris and its applications, these two vol umes and the novel form of the sociological imagination they represent, show how the features of the institutional and cognitive or ders are made visible and consequential by the practices of interactional organization. International organizations are a fundamental form of social organization that shape the en gagement between persons and objects in the world, enabling and accomplishing everyday matters, including mind and institu tion at, "the point of production" (to borrow the words of my colleague, Gene Lerner). References Drew Paul and John Heritage. 1992. "Analyzing Talk at Work: An Introduction." Pp. 3-65 in Talk at Work: Interaction in Institutional Set tings, edited by Paul Drew and John Heritage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schegloff, Emanuel A. 1991. "Reflections on Talk and Social Structure." Pp. 44-70 in Talk and So cial Structure: Studies in Etbnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, edited by Deirdre Boden and Don H. Zimmerman. Berkeley: Uni versity of California Press. Wilson, Thomas P. 1991. "Social Structure and the Sequential Organization of interaction." Pp, 22-43 in Talk and Social Structure: Studies in Ethnometbology and Conversation Analysis, edited by Deirdre Boden and Don H. Zimmer man. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Wilson, Thomas P. and Don H. Zimmerman. 1986. "The Structure of Silence between Turns in Two-Party Conversation." Discourse Processes 9:375-390. Wilson, Margaret, and Thomas. P. Wilson, 2006. "An Oscillator Model of the Timing of Turn Taking." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12:957-968.
Analysis of Lipid Domains in Bilayer Simulations using Observables for Lipid Packing

Lipid rafts are micro- or nano-sized dynamic domains of membranes enriched in cholesterols, glycosphingolipids (and other saturated lipids), and specific membrane proteins, which are involved in many important biological processes such as membrane trafficking, signaling, protein sequestration, and so on. Though the existence of lipid rafts has been widely accepted, the study of their dynamics (size and lifetime) is still challenging due to the limitations in experimental techniques. In this context, computational studies can be a useful approach that complements experiments and provides insight into the properties and dynamics of lipid rafts by monitoring and analyzing membrane structures at the atomic resolution. So far, the analysis of lipid domains in computational studies has been mostly based on the order parameter and neighbor composition of lipids, which could be complicated in the analysis of multicomponent bilayers. To address this issue, we propose a simple yet robust method for the analysis of lipid domains in bilayer simulations using physically transparent observables for lipid packing, area and thickness. In our method, the ordered states of lipids are inferred by a hidden Markov model analysis. Then, the ordered state map onto the Voronoi tessellation of lipids is analyzed using the Getis-Ord local spatial autocorrelation statistics to obtain clusters of ordered lipids (lipid domains). The method is general and can be applied to various situations in that 1) it does not require information other than the mechanical properties of lipids to assign their ordered states, and 2) the spatial autocorrelation statistics allows a robust assignment of the clusters of ordered and disordered regions. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by analyzing the concentration effects on the membrane order for the bilayers consisting of 1) ganglioside GM1 and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and of 2) cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), POPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (DMPE), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE).
Virtual reality instructional modules for introductory programming courses

Undergraduate students may find computer science to be a tough subject to learn. Students might not grasp concepts with traditional teaching methods, even if they are ideal. Likewise, instructors could also find computer science hard to teach. This predicament could lead to poor academic performance for students as well as students not possessing adequate programming skills needed for software development careers. Gamification is the application of game-like elements to non-gaming activities used to encourage people to participate in those activities and achieve specific goals. Emerging research proves the effectiveness of gamification in academia, especially in the computer science realm. Thus, we have built two gaming modules for teaching object-oriented programming (OOP) and binary search. This paper discusses the design, development, and testing of virtual reality instructional (VRI) modules based on gaming metaphors. Constructivism and usability were considered while developing them. A user study found that about 75% of undergraduate students found the OOP module was easy to use and about 92% of them thought that it is effective at helping them learn OOP.
Psychosocial Factors Are Associated with Quality of Life After Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery.

Abstract Background: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) is the gold standard treatment for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Traditional surgical outcomes following LARS are well described, but limited data exist regarding patient-reported outcomes. We aimed to identify preoperative characteristics that were independently associated with a high GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) following LARS. Methods: Clinical data from our single institution foregut surgery database were used to identify all patients with GERD who underwent primary LARS from June 2010 to November 2015. Electronic health record data were reviewed to extract patient characteristics, diagnostic study characteristics, and operative data. Postoperative GERD-HRQL data were obtained through telephone follow-up. Variables hypothesized a priori to be associated with high GERD-HRQL after LARS, which were significant at P ≤ .2 on bivariate analysis, were entered into a multivariable linear regression model with G...
A synergistic approach for distributed symbolic execution using test ranges

Symbolic execution is a systematic program analysis technique that has received a lot of attention in the research community. However, scaling symbolic execution continues to pose a major challenge. This paper introduces Synergise, a novel two-fold integration approach. One, it integrates distributed analysis and constraint re-use to enhance symbolic execution using feasible ranges, which allow sharing of constraint solving results among different workers without communicating or sharing potentially large constraint databases (as required traditionally). Two, it integrates complementary techniques for test input generation, e.g., search-based generation and symbolic execution, for creating higher quality tests using unexplored ranges, which allows symbolic execution to re-use tests created by another technique for effective distribution of exploration of previously unexplored paths.
Dynamics of Closely Spaced Supersonic Jets

A twin-jet configuration is composed of two jets placed in closed proximity to each other. Previous works on such configurations have been mostly experimental in nature. The aim of this work is to ...
Impacts of the Pacific meridional mode on rainfall over the maritime continent and australia: potential for seasonal predictions

This study assesses whether, the extent to which and why the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) modulates rainfall in Australia and the Maritime Continent. We find a statistically significant time-lagged association between March-to-May (MAM) PMM and September-to-November (SON) rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Australia. The association is largely caused by the contribution of PMM to the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Positive (negative) MAM PMM is generally followed by El Nino (La Nina) events in the following SON and December-to-February (DJF), which then suppresses (enhances) rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Australia. The suppression (enhancement) of rainfall is closely tied to the dynamical changes of moisture flux using moisture flux potential and its divergent components. Following the positive (negative) PMM phases, there is a strong moisture flux potential sink (source) in SON over the Maritime Continent and Australia, which act to suppress (enhance) rainfall there. Using MAM PMM as a predictor for SON rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Australia, the prediction skill is comparable to the North American Multimodel Ensemble project (NMME) forecasts initialized in June over the period 1981–2014. This suggests that MAM PMM may be used as a predictor for SON rainfall in the Maritime Continent and Australia.
Highlights from the 55th Annual Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology: March 11 to 14, 2006, Atlanta, Georgia

Background and Methods: Mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still high even in the modern setting of care. The definitive role of ancillary antithrombotic treatments remains unclear for both patients undergoing reperfusion and those who do not receive reperfusion therapy. Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide, is an indirect factor Xa inhibitor that selectively binds antithrombin and rapidly inhibits factor Xa. The OASIS-6 was a randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial of fondaparinux 2.5 mg once daily versus usual care (placebo for those in whom unfractionated heparin [UFH] was not indicated [stratum 1] or UFH for up to 48 hours followed by placebo for up to 8 days [Stratum 2]) in 12092 patients with STEMI (ST elevation z2 mm in 2 precordial leads or z1 mm in 2 limb leads) from 447 hospitals in 41 countries. Patients were randomized within 12 hours of symptom onset. Usual care included patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), fibrinolytic therapy (SK, TPA, TNK, and RPA), and patients not eligible for reperfusion. The latter group, including patients who presented 12 to 24 hours from symptom onset, was not included in the trial after an amendment to the protocol. From day 3 through day 9, all patients received either fondaparinux or placebo
Timing of Autumn Migration of Sora (Porzana carolina) In MISSOURI

ABSTRACT.— Monitoring and conserving waterbirds, including Sora (Porzana carolina), in Missouri, is constrained by the lack of information on migration phenology. We performed nocturnal distance sampling surveys by ATV across 11 state and federal managed wetlands in Missouri, USA from 2012–2015 to compare the timing of Sora' autumn migration among years. Migration of Sora in Missouri began in the first week of August, on average it peaked on 25 September, and continued through the last week of October. We detected migration of Sora earlier in autumn than did previous work. We found the start and end of migration did not vary annually in 3 of 4 years. With our results, wetland managers should be able to better time their management for rails in Missouri.
Functions of TGIF homeodomain proteins and their roles in normal brain development and holoprosencephaly.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a frequent human forebrain developmental disorder with both genetic and environmental causes. Multiple loci have been associated with HPE in humans, and potential causative genes at 14 of these loci have been identified. Although TGIF1 (originally TGIF, for Thymine Guanine-Interacting Factor) is among the most frequently screened genes in HPE patients, an understanding of how mutations in this gene contribute to the pathogenesis of HPE has remained elusive. However, mouse models based on loss of function of Tgif1, and the related Tgif2 gene, have shed some light on how human TGIF1 variants might cause HPE. Functional analyses of TGIF proteins and of TGIF1 single nucleotide variants from HPE patients, combined with analysis of forebrain development in mouse embryos lacking both Tgif1 and Tgif2, suggest that TGIFs regulate the transforming growth factor s/Nodal signaling pathway and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling independently. Although, some developmental processes that are regulated by TGIFs may be Nodal-dependent, it appears that the forebrain patterning defects and HPE in Tgif mutant mouse embryos is primarily due to altered signaling via the Shh pathway.
The Proliferating P450s: Providers of Polysubstrate Pharmacology

Over 300 P450s have been cloned and sequenced. A gene superfamily composed of at least 36 gene families has been described in 31 eukaryotes (including 11 mammalian and three plant species). Twelve families, made up of 22 subfamilies, exist in all mammals examined to date including 36 P450s identified in humans. Substrates for P450s represent a wide range of endogeneous and xenobiotic chemicals — including a large number of pharmacologically active drugs. Current areas of research on P450 focus on differences in protein structure related to the specificity of substrate structure for metabolism, the identify and response of specific transcriptional regulatory elements influencing the induction of individual P450s, the frequency of polymorphisms and their impact on drug metabolism and susceptibility to cancer, and the heterologous expression of functional P450s in systems that, can be applied to drug discovery and toxicity evaluation studies. The diversity of P450s and their versatility in the metabolism of drugs continues to challenge the pharmacologist.
Middle ear pain and trauma during air travel.

INTRODUCTION Changes in air pressure during flying can cause ear-drum pain and perforation, vertigo, and hearing loss. It has been estimated that 10% of adults and 22% of children might have damage to the ear drum after a flight, although perforation is rare. Symptoms usually resolve spontaneously. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of interventions to prevent middle ear pain during air travel? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to April 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 4 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: nasal balloon inflation, oral pseudoephedrine, and topical nasal decongestants.
Principles of Soil Water Management

Despite a century of research, irrigation water in arid and semi-arid regions is not used as efficiently as it might be. Even in humid regions there is often less than optimum management of soil water, though the manager in such regions has less latitude in that the timing of water applications is not optional. Many inefficiencies are due to economic or social factors, which are beyond the scope of this paper. Of more direct concern here are those inefficiencies which arise from a failure to integrate and combine all the physical and biological factors that effect efficiency into an integrated and quantitative concept.
ParaShares: Finding the Important Basic Blocks in Multithreaded Programs

Understanding and optimizing multithreaded execution is a significant challenge. Numerous research and industrial tools debug parallel performance by combing through program source or thread traces for pathologies including communication overheads, data dependencies, and load imbalances. This work takes a new approach: it ignores any underlying pathologies, and focuses instead on pinpointing the exact locations in source code that consume the largest share of execution. Our new metric, ParaShares, scores and ranks all basic blocks in a program based on their share of parallel execution. For the eight benchmarks examined in this paper, ParaShare rankings point to just a few important blocks per application. The paper demonstrates two uses of this information, exploring how the important blocks vary across thread counts and input sizes, and making modest source code changes (fewer than 10 lines of code) that result in 14-92% savings in parallel program runtime.
Surgery Versus Nonsurgical Therapy for Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm associated with poor prognosis. Complete surgical resection is the only potential cure for the disease. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients develop disease relapse and present with local or systemic recurrence. Close follow-up with regular clinical examination aided by radiological imaging and blood investigations is crucial for the early detection of recurrent disease. The best treatment options for recurrent disease remain unclear and these include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, in addition to new and upcoming treatments. This chapter will focus on the treatment of recurrent ACC including a discussion of surgical and non-surgical therapy options.
Using the Brief-BESTest paired with a novel algorithm to provide targeted balance interventions for people with subacute stroke: a feasibility study.

Background: Balance is a common mobility limitation following stroke, but determination of the most effective balance-related plan of care can be difficult due to multiple balance impairments that ...
Orthogonal Matroids

The notion of matroid has been generalized to Coxeter matroid by Gelfand and Serganova. To each pair i>(W, P) consisting of a finite irreducible Coxeter group i>W and parabolic subgroup i>P is associated a collection of objects called Coxeter matroids. The (ordinary) matroids are the special case where i>W is the symmetric group (the i>An case) and i>P is a maximal parabolic subgroup.This generalization of matroid introduces interesting combinatorial structures corresponding to each of the finite Coxeter groups. Borovik, Gelfand and White began an investigation of the i>Bn case, called symplectic matroids. This paper initiates the study of the i>Dn case, called orthogonal matroids. The main result (Theorem 2) gives three characterizations of orthogonal matroid: algebraic, geometric, and combinatorial. This result relies on a combinatorial description of the Bruhat order on i>Dn (Theorem 1). The representation of orthogonal matroids by way of totally isotropic subspaces of a classical orthogonal space (Theorem 5) justifies the terminology i>orthogonal matroid.