cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lactoferrin for the Prevention of Post-antibiotic Diarrhoea

Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Older individuals in long-term care facilities are particularly vulnerable due to multisystem illnesses and the prevailing conditions for nosocomial infections. Lactoferrin, an antimicrobial protein in human breastmilk, was tested to determine whether it would prevent or reduce AAD, including Clostridium difficile in tube-fed long-term care patients. Thirty patients were enrolled in a randomized double-blind study, testing eight weeks of human recombinant lactoferrin compared to placebo for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in long-term care patients. Fewer patients in the lactoferrin group experienced diarrhoea compared to controls (p=0.023). Based on the findings, it is concluded that human lactoferrin may reduce post-antibiotic diarrhoea.
Sensorless observers with speed estimate for direct field orientation of induction motor and PMSM drives

The paper discusses the problem of sensorless rotor position/rotor flux angle estimation for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and for the induction motor (IM) and presents a family of sensorless observer designs that use a speed estimate. In sensorless field-oriented AC drive control, it is typical to measure the motor’s voltages and currents and to estimate the other quantities of interest: speed, fluxes (or EMFs) and the field orientation angle. The simultaneous estimation of these quantities is possible, however, the methods available are rather complicated and the accuracy is often questionable, especially under parameter variations. The paper proposes a sequential estimation approach which is much simpler: first, estimate the drive’s speed; then, use this speed estimate along with the measurements to estimate the states of the motor model and to obtain the field orientation angle. A family of observers for the IM and the PMSM is presented – these are constructed using the respective moto...
Secure communication with a Byzantine relay

We consider a communication scenario where the source and the destination can communicate only via a relay node who is both an eavesdropper and a Byzantine attacker. Hence for secure communication, two requirements must be met simultaneously: the transmitted message must be kept secret, and a Byzantine attack must be detected reliably. Both a discrete noiseless adder model with the relay receiving the real sum of two signals and a Gaussian model are considered. In both models, the loss in rate due to Byzantine detection can be made arbitrarily small. For the discrete adder model, we show that the probability that the adversary wins decreases exponentially with the number of channel uses. For the Gaussian model, we show that this probability decreases exponentially with the square root of the number of channel uses. The rate derived in this paper is the strong secrecy rate, and the rate loss incurred due to the untrusted and Byzantine relay is measured with respect to the achievable secrecy rate when the relay is untrusted but honest. The result is obtained via a careful combination of the algebraic manipulation detection (AMD) code, the linear wire-tap code constructed from low density parity check (LDPC) code, randomly generated wire-tap code and for the Gaussian model the lattice code.
Comparative safety of anesthetic type for hip fracture surgery in adults: retrospective cohort study

Objective To evaluate the effect of anesthesia type on the risk of in-hospital mortality among adults undergoing hip fracture surgery in the United States.
Enhanced Intracellular Dissociation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-associated Peptides: A Mechanism for Optimizing the Spectrum of Cell Surface-Presented Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes

Association of antigenic peptides with newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and is a critical early step for the initiation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune defenses. Pathogen-derived peptides compete with a plethora of endogenous peptides for MHC class I grooves. We find that two H2-Kd–restricted peptides, which derive from the Listeria monocytogenes p60 antigen, accumulate in infected cells with different kinetics. Although competition assays suggest that both epitopes are bound with equivalent affinity, they dissociate from MHC class I molecules at markedly different rates. p60 217-225 forms complexes with H2-Kd with a half-life >6 h, while p60 449-457 dissociates from H2-Kd with a half-life of ∼1 h. We find that p60 449-457–H2-Kd complexes retained intracellularly with brefeldin A have a half-life of 30 min, and thus are less stable than surface complexes. While peptide dissociation from retained MHC class I molecules is enhanced, retained H2-Kd molecules maintain a remarkable capacity to bind new T cell epitopes. We find that intracellular H2-Kd molecules can bind new CTL epitopes for up to 3 h after their synthesis. Our studies provide a glimpse of peptide interaction with MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum/proximal Golgi complex of intact, infected cells. We propose that the increased intracellular lability of peptide–MHC class I complexes may function to optimize the spectrum of peptides presented to T lymphocytes during cellular infection.
Permutational–symmetry‐adapted powers of representations of the point groups deduced from the unitary group

The construction of symmetrized powers of representations of the point groups can be deduced by decomposing the appropriate representation of the unitary group into the representations of the group of the sphere, and then mapping these representations onto the point group. The method is generally simpler than the traditional method based on the character tables of the symmetric group. As an example, the symmetry-adapted powers (N) of the representations of the icosahedral group are presented for 2≤N≤5.
Re-imagining and transforming therapeutic recreation: reaching into Foucault’s toolbox

ABSTRACTAs an introduction to this special issue of Leisure/Loisir on re-imagining and transforming therapeutic recreation, I reach into philosopher and historian Michel Foucault’s “toolbox” to discuss a critical theory and practice of therapeutic recreation. The true identity of therapeutic recreation can never be settled once and for all, because therapeutic recreation is a social construction, not an objective necessity, leaving it open to being something different than it presently is. Because there are different ways of telling the truth about therapeutic recreation, knowledge is not an inevitably enlightened path, but rather a creative and controlling power that can produce positive and negative effects in the lives of people. Disciplines like therapeutic recreation attempt to control practices and practitioners through the production of knowledge (discourses), which can constrain other perspectives on truth and ways of living. Dominant discourses of therapeutic recreation can be understood, challen...
Helium isotope variations in mineral separates from Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Assessing crustal contributions, timescale variations and diffusion-related mechanisms

Abstract We report new He abundance and isotope measurements of phenocryst phases in volcanic tephra and lavas from the Nicaragua-Costa Rica section of the Central American arc, where significant variations in crustal thickness have been inferred. Helium isotope values range from 4.6 R A to 7.5 R A , with no evidence for crustal thickness influencing measured 3 He/ 4 He ratios. A comparison of He abundances and isotopes measured in mafic phenocrysts from tephra vs. lavas from two separate eruptions at Cerro Negro show that both sampling media preserve phenocrysts with high 3 He/ 4 He values. 3 He/ 4 He ratios measured in phenocryst phases show good agreement with He isotope values of geothermal fluids from the same volcanoes. However, we note that the pyroxenes tend to have lower 3 He/ 4 He ratios (4.6–7.0 R A ) than the olivines ( 3 He/ 4 He = 6.1–7.5 R A ) over a range of concentration values and are consistently lower in cogenetic phenocryst pairs at all locations sampled. In order to assess how this difference arises, we explore two alternative mechanisms: (1) diffusion-related isotopic fractionation, and (2) late-stage radiogenic 4 He additions, preferentially influencing pyroxene grains. In the first case, we reject diffusion-related fractionation of He isotopes since lower 3 He/ 4 He ratios are not accompanied by a decrease in He concentration values. The second scenario is evaluated on the basis of Mg numbers in cogenetic phenocryst pairs and by petrological modeling of the crystallization sequence. Mg numbers and modeling results at low pressure conditions (= 1 kbar) suggest that olivine crystallization preceded pyroxene crystallization. However, since lavas do not show evidence for extensive crustal contamination, we suggest that the best explanation for the lower 3 He/ 4 He ratios in pyroxenes is related to the closure temperatures of the phenocryst phases. Given its lower closure temperatures and higher He diffusion rates, we suggest that pyroxenes would be more susceptible to late-stage He exchange with a low 3 He/ 4 He source during ascent, presumably the surrounding crust.
Coronary computed tomographic angiography and exercise electrocardiography: a great match or unequal partners?

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is emerging as a powerful non-invasive tool in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there is concern that CCTA is being used indiscriminately without sufficient examination of its added value vis-a-vis more established forms of non-invasive testing.1 With an ever-growing armament of non-invasive tests for the diagnosis and evaluation of CAD, cardiologists must consider the following questions in weighing up the implementation of a new diagnostic modality in the routine clinical setting. Is testing necessary for the diagnosis of CAD in a particular patient group? Will testing guide management decisions and identify patients who may benefit from coronary revascularization? Will the benefits of testing outweigh its potential risks? The study by Mollet et al. 2 provides important insights into the relationship between the findings of CCTA and conventional treadmill exercise electrocardiography (ECG), but also raises important issues regarding the role of both tests in the diagnosis of CAD. The authors examined, in 62 patients with typical angina pectoris, the diagnostic value of exercise ECG and 16-slice multidetector CCTA, alone and in combination, to predict ≥50% diameter stenoses detected on invasive, selective coronary angiography (SCA) in any coronary artery branch with a calibre of ≥2 mm. Exercise ECG data from 53 patients and CCTA data from 61 patients were included in the analyses. The sensitivity of exercise ECG was 78%, specificity was 67%, and positive and negative predictive values were 89 and 47%, respectively. The sensitivity of CCTA was 100%, specificity was 87%, and positive and negative predictive values were 96 and 100%, respectively. In an analysis based on Bayesian principles, an abnormal CCTA increased the post-test probability of significant CAD after a positive exercise ECG from 89 to 99% and after a negative exercise ECG from 58 to 91%. A normal CCTA … *Corresponding author. E-mail address : gerber.thomas{at}mayo.edu
Shadowed by the Shadow Inventory: A Newark, New Jersey Case Study of Stalled Foreclosures & Their Consequences

Foreclosure activity has declined recently in some areas, but a number of states, such as Florida, New Jersey, and Illinois, showed increases in 2012. The national inventory of homes in foreclosure or owned by banks climbed nine percent to 1.5 million homes. Although investors are now buying foreclosed properties in certain markets, driving down inventory and contributing to an upswing in housing prices, lower-income neighborhoods generally have not enjoyed these effects. These include many of the African-American and Latino neighborhoods that bore the brunt of predatory and subprime lending. There, lenders have failed to complete foreclosures or maintain and market their REO (real-estate owned) properties, contributing to the shadow inventory that continues to depress local housing markets.This empirical project tests the extent to which bank stalling has contributed to foreclosure delays and property vacancies in Newark, New Jersey. Previous studies conducted by the U.S. General Accounting Office, as well as by researchers at the Federal Reserve, and in Cleveland and Chicago, uncovered considerable evidence of stalled or abandoned foreclosures. Several of the studies found that abandoned foreclosures correlated positively with property vacancies. This is the first study to trace the disposition of each property in the sample through both public and private sources, allowing highly accurate conclusions to be drawn. I reach a similar conclusion to the previous studies with respect to stalling: without legal excuse or ongoing workout efforts, banks frequently cease prosecuting foreclosures. The stalled foreclosures in my study, however, do not strongly correlate with property vacancies, but a high percentage of REO properties are vacant. This study is small in scale, involving a random sample of 100 foreclosures filed between 2007 and the first half of 2009 in a single neighborhood, but the results can be extrapolated to the City of Newark, and, to some extent, similar lower-income urban neighborhoods in Northeastern states with judicial foreclosure regimes. The national banks that securitized mortgages during the housing boom followed standard practices of targeting communities of color for the worst subprime loans. They also followed national servicing and foreclosure practices adapted to each state’s laws.
Integrated Security Analysis on Cascading Failure in Complex Networks

The security issue of complex networks has drawn significant concerns recently. While pure topological analyzes from a network security perspective provide some effective techniques, their inability to characterize the physical principles requires a more comprehensive model to approximate failure behavior of a complex network in reality. In this paper, based on an extended topological metric, we proposed an approach to examine the vulnerability of a specific type of complex network, i.e., the power system, against cascading failure threats. The proposed approach adopts a model called extended betweenness that combines network structure with electrical characteristics to define the load of power grid components. By using this power transfer distribution factor-based model, we simulated attacks on different components (buses and branches) in the grid and evaluated the vulnerability of the system components with an extended topological cascading failure simulator. Influence of different loading and overloading situations on cascading failures was also evaluated by testing different tolerance factors. Simulation results from a standard IEEE 118-bus test system revealed the vulnerability of network components, which was then validated on a dc power flow simulator with comparisons to other topological measurements. Finally, potential extensions of the approach were also discussed to exhibit both utility and challenge in more complex scenarios and applications.
Eddy–Wind Interaction in the California Current System: Dynamics and Impacts

AbstractThe summertime California Current System (CCS) is characterized by energetic mesoscale eddies, whose sea surface temperature (SST) and surface current can significantly modify the wind stress and Ekman pumping. Relative importance of the eddy–wind interactions via SST and surface current in the CCS is examined using a high-resolution (7 km) regional coupled model with a novel coupling approach to isolate the small-scale air–sea coupling by SST and surface current. Results show that when the eddy-induced surface current is allowed to modify the wind stress, the spatially averaged surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is reduced by 42%, and this is primarily due to enhanced surface eddy drag and reduced wind energy transfer. In contrast, the eddy-induced SST–wind coupling has no significant impact on the EKE. Furthermore, eddy-induced SST and surface current modify the Ekman pumping via their crosswind SST gradient and surface vorticity gradient, respectively. The resultant magnitudes of the Ekman pumpi...
The Politics of Accountability: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ARRA

Accountability has become an iconic concept in public management -- never more so than in the implementation of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), or the Obama Administration's stimulus. With more than $800 billion and economic growth on the line, the Administration placed its fiscal and political fortunes on the line with this high stakes policy management initiative. A strong emphasis on accountability would help the Administration offer symbolic reassurance to a restive Congress and public, and evidence suggests that ex ante design and ex post audits were successful in warding off characteristic fraud and abuse that often plagues such urgent and highly visible national initiatives. However, such outcomes were achieved at the expense of high administrative costs and significant conflicts among newly emboldened networks of top political officials, program managers and audit officials, all acting under the glare of greater public transparency for spending and jobs. The complex structure of over 200 programs and the reliance on decentralized intergovernmental networks may have diffused blame for embarrassing implementation lapses, but this same structure deprived the President of valuable credit claiming opportunities for the largely successful economic outcomes flowing from one of the largest domestic spending initiatives in postwar history. Notwithstanding credible economic impact estimates by CBO, a confused and bewildered public refused to believe that the stimulus had a favorable impact on a struggling economy.
Movements, activity, and spacing of Sonoran Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) in interrupted mountain streams

Abstract We quantified movements, spacing, and activity of Sonoran Mud Turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) in interrupted mountain streams of southern Arizona over an 18-year period using capture–recapture sampling and radiotelemetry. Movement and activity patterns of turtles depended on water availability and varied by their sex and size. Although considered almost entirely aquatic in Arizona, mud turtles estivated terrestrially during periods of extreme drought. After the onset of summer rains, turtles increased the frequency with which they moved between pools and to nesting sites. Movements (average distance moved [AvD] ± SE) of all turtles were shorter during drought years (males = 26 ± 1.3 m, females = 19 ± 1.3 m) than non-drought years (males = 153 ± 1.2 m; females = 41 ± 1.2 m). Adult male turtles made longer movements (93 ± 1.2) and had longer home-range lengths (206 ± 1.2 m) than did adult females (AvD = 38 ± 1.2; home range = 40 ± 1.2 m). Younger adult females (carapace length [CL] 100–118 mm) mad...
High energy octupole resonance in 116Sn.

The region of excitation energy from 7\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$\ensuremath{\le}38 MeV in $^{116}\mathrm{Sn}$ was studied with inelastic scattering of 240 MeV \ensuremath{\alpha} particles. Parameters obtained for the isoscalar giant monopole resonance and the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance are in agreement with accepted values. A peak exhausting (67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)% of the E3 energy-weighted sum rule at ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{x}}$=21.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 MeV with width \ensuremath{\Gamma}=7.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 MeV was identified as the isoscalar high energy octupole resonance (HEOR). The energy and width are consistent with previous measurements made with proton, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, and \ensuremath{\alpha} particle projectiles. The observed strength of the HEOR is in agreement with measurements made with $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ inelastic scattering, but is roughly three to four times larger than measurements made with \ensuremath{\alpha} particle and proton inelastic scattering. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Pica: Common but Commonly Missed

Background: Pica is the compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances and can have serious medical implications. Although it has been described since antiquity, there has been no single agreed-upon explanation of the cause of such behavior. Methods: Databases from MEDLINE and PSYCH-Lit were searched from 1964 to the present to find relevant sources of information using the key words “pica,” “obsessive-compulsive disorder,” “iron-deficiency anemia,” and “nutrition.” Results and Conclusions: Pica is observed most commonly in areas of low socioeconomic status and is more common in women (especially pregnant women) and in children. To our knowledge, the prevalence of pica is not known. Numerous complications of the disorder have been described, including iron-deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, and helminthic infestations. Pica is probably a behavior pattern driven by multiple factors. Some recent evidence supports including pica with the obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders. Many different treatment regimens have been described, with variable responses. It is important to be aware of this common, but commonly missed, condition.
Invalidität und Integritätsschaden

A Swiss ophthalmologist should at minimum be aware, that, according to insurance law, these two technical terms are not identical. Some details of legal principles have to be known if being an expert for insurance or court of justice. Damage of integrity is related to the immaterial, permanent and significant reduction in physical or mental integrity, whereas invalidity relates exclusively to economic damage as a consequence of a permanent or temporary reduction of income due to accident or occupational disease; as a consequence the level of any invalidity pension is not directly related to the medically defined damage of integrity.
Attrition—A Perplexing Clinical Problem:

Artention is drawn to the problem of attrition, variously referred to as the "drop-out" rate, the difference between "stayers" and "terminators" in therapy. Attrition has been shown to vary from 40% to 80% (1, 2, 3) berween application and termination of therapy. Generalizations of the effectiveness of psychotherapy have failed to acknowledge the often extreme amount of selection operating at various junctures between application and treatment (or follow-up). Table 1 shows five stages in which attrition may take place prior to the evaluation of therapy or the analysis of processes in therapy. These data are divided into three 3-mo.
Some Easily Ignored Aspects in Embedding Vibrating Wire Piezometers

Piezometers are the main instruments for seepage observation of dams.Based on the long-term engineering experiments,the embedment methods of the piezometers are relatively mature.But there are some factors to be easily neglected,such as elevation correction in embedding piezometers,fixing methods of sensors and cables,choice of the initial value,wiring details and utilization of supporting materials.They will cause the low survival rate of the embedment.Here taking the vibrating wire piezometers as an example,the causes of the above problems are analyzed,and the corresponding solutions are put forward for discussion.
Should coronary arteries with less than fifty percent stenosis be bypassed

The unpredictability of progressive coronary atherosclerosis has caused a trend toward grafting arteries with less than 50% stenosis. To evaluate the patency of these grafts and the effect on the native circulation, we reviewed 92 patients (80 men and 12 women) with 302 potentially graftable coronary arteries. Of 226 bypassed arteries, 100 had less than 50% stenosis. The mean interval between operation and catheterization was 16 months. Forty-five patients underwent routine postoperative studies; 47 had symptoms or had had a cardiac event. Patency rates were similar for grafts placed to arteries with less than 50% stenosis (79%) and to arteries with greater than 50% stenosis (81%). Forty internal mammary artery grafts had a 95% patency rate, 96.3% for those grafted to vessels with greater than 50% stenosis and 92.3% for those grafted to vessels with less than 50% stenosis. One hundred eighty-six vein grafts had a 77.4% patency rate, 76.8% for those grafted to arteries with less than 50% stenosis and 78.2% for those grafted to arteries with greater than 50% stenosis. No difference in patency rates occurred for vein grafts to the right, circumflex, or anterior descending coronary arteries. Progressive atherosclerosis in coronary arteries was defined as an increase of at least 20% in estimated stenosis or progression to total occlusion. Progressive atherosclerosis was demonstrated in 20% of 40 nongrafted arteries with less than 50% stenosis, 63% of 100 grafted vessels with less than 50% stenosis, and 51.6% of 93 vessels with greater than 50% stenosis. Thirty-nine percent of arteries grafted with the internal mammary artery had progressive atherosclerosis and 67% of those grafted with saphenous vein (p
Long-term patterns of air temperatures, daily temperature range, precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration and aridity index in the USA great plains: Part II. Temporal trends

Summary Due to their substantial spatio-temporal behavior, long-term quantification and analyses of important hydrological variables are essential for practical applications in water resources planning, evaluating the water use of agricultural crop production and quantifying crop evapotranspiration patterns and irrigation management vs. hydrologic balance relationships. Observed data at over 800 sites across the Great Plains of USA, comprising of 9 states and 2,307,410 km2 of surface area, which is about 30% of the terrestrial area of the USA, were used to quantify and map large-scale and long-term (1968–2013) spatial trends of air temperatures, daily temperature range (DTR), precipitation, grass-reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and aridity index (AI) at monthly, growing season and annual time steps. Air temperatures had a strong north to south increasing trend, with annual average varying from −1 to 24 °C, and growing season average temperature varying from 8 to 30 °C. DTR gradually decreased from western to eastern parts of the region, with a regional annual and growing season averages of 14.25 °C and 14.79 °C, respectively. Precipitation had a gradual shift towards higher magnitudes from west to east, with the average annual and growing season (May–September) precipitation ranging from 163 to 1486 mm and from 98 to 746 mm, respectively. ETo had a southwest–northeast decreasing trend, with regional annual and growing season averages of 1297 mm and 823 mm, respectively. AI increased from west to east, indicating higher humidity (less arid) towards the east, with regional annual and growing season averages of 0.49 and 0.44, respectively. The spatial datasets and maps for these important climate variables can serve as valuable background for climate change and hydrologic studies in the Great Plains region. Through identification of priority areas from the developed maps, efforts of the concerned personnel and agencies and resources can be diverted towards development of holistic strategies to address water supply and demand challenges under changing climate. These strategies can consist of, but not limited to, advancing water, crop and soil management, and genetic improvements and their relationships with the climatic variables on large scales.
Physiological effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in TM4 Sertoli cell line.

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] receptors have been previously described in Sertoli cells. This study was performed to assess biological activity of the receptor in the mouse Sertoli cell li...
Statistical information based analysis of Lucy-Richardson image deconvolution

We present a statistical information based analysis of the Lucy-Richardson iterative deblurring algorithm. By monitoring the information content of the reconstructed image, we furnish alternative criteria for assessing and stopping the algorithm.
miR-9 Acts as an OncomiR in Prostate Cancer through Multiple Pathways That Drive Tumour Progression and Metastasis

Identification of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in prostate cancer is critical not only for diagnosis, but also differentiation between the aggressive and indolent forms of the disease. miR-9 was identified as an oncomiR through both miRNA panel RT-qPCR as well as high-throughput sequencing analysis of the human P69 prostate cell line as compared to its highly tumorigenic and metastatic subline M12, and found to be consistently upregulated in other prostate cell lines including DU-145 and PC3. While miR-9 has been characterized as dysregulated either as an oncomiR or tumour suppressor in a variety of other cancers including breast, ovarian, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas, it has not been previously evaluated and proven as an oncomiR in prostate cancer. miR-9 was confirmed an oncomiR when found to be overexpressed in tumour tissue as compared to adjacent benign glandular epithelium through laser-capture microdissection of radical prostatectomy biopsies. Inhibition of miR-9 resulted in reduced migratory and invasive potential of the M12 cell line, and reduced tumour growth and metastases in male athymic nude mice. Analysis showed that miR-9 targets e-cadherin and suppressor of cytokine signalling 5 (SOCS5), but not NF-ĸB mRNA. Expression of these proteins was shown to be affected by modulation in expression of miR-9.
Chapter 3 – Music Enhances Spatial-Temporal Reasoning

This chapter focuses on the idea that one is born with a highly structured brain. This can be illustrated by the trion model of the cortex. The trion model is a highly structured mathematical realization of the Mountcastle organization principle with the column as the basic neuronal network in mammalian cortex. Studies of the trion model led to the prediction that music could enhance spatial-temporal reasoning. It also states that brain have the innate ability to recognize and manipulate patterns in space and time. This chapter presents behavioral experiments that support this prediction. These experiments include the Mozart effect listening experiment with college students and the preschool experiment involving piano keyboard lessons. It is observed that college students scored significantly higher on spatial-temporal reasoning after listening to the first 10 minutes of the Mozart Sonata, but not for other controls. It is also noted that the music training at an early age might act as exercise for higher brain function.
Pros and Cons of Lesionectomy as Treatment for Partial Epilepsy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses advantages and disadvantages of lesionectomy as treatment for partial epilepsy. Lesion resection may be limited by extension into cortical regions with significant cognitive or sensorimotor function. Identifying functional cortex is usually done with intra- or extraoperative cortical stimulation. Intraoperative mapping without long-term invasive monitoring cannot usually demonstrate the relationship between the ictal epileptogenic zone and the anatomic lesion or functional cortex. Lesionectomy without prior invasive monitoring and cortical mapping is suitable as an option for epilepsy surgery. It is found that discrete lesions in highly functional cortex can probably be resected without serious functional consequences if intraoperative mapping is done and no healthy tissue margin is included. It is observed that for the best surgical outcomes, particularly in extratemporal cases, ictal recordings provide information for a more complete resection of the epileptogenic zone and should be the preferred option with lesions that have unclear margins. The results show that the combination of intra- and extraoperative mapping to plan a lesionectomy and resection of the epileptogenic zone can yield excellent results.
Post Flu Shot Confusion – think ADEM!

A 57-year-old Caucasian man with hypertension and diabetes presented with left arm weakness and headache for one day. He had an influenza vaccination 10 days prior to presentation. Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed a possible right MCA stroke. The next day he developed left hemiplegia. A repeat CT of the head exhibited a “mass like” effect in the right hemisphere. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed a diffuse area of abnormal signals, involving both hemispheres, and diffuse white matter changes. His CSF showed WBC 4/mm3, RBC 1/mm3, glucose 97 mg/dl, and protein 96 mg/dl. He continued to deteriorate, developed encephalopathy, and had to be intubated. A repeat MRI of the head demonstrated extensive bilateral, poorly marginated white matter, and some grey matter involvement characteristic of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). He failed to respond to methylprednisolone 1 gram daily and was started on plasma exchange daily for 10 days. He started to improve after the second session. After five months he was essentially normal and had returned to work. This case demonstrates that routine vaccination can have important complications.
Combining eigenvalues and variation of eigenvectors for order determination

In applying statistical methods such as principal component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and sufficient dimension reduction, we need to determine how many eigenvectors of a random matrix are important for estimation. This problem is known as order determination, and amounts to estimating the rank of a matrix. Previous order-determination procedures rely either on the decreasing pattern, or elbow, of the eigenvalues, or on the increasing pattern of the variability in the directions of the eigenvectors. In this paper we propose a new order-determination procedure by exploiting both patterns: when the eigenvalues of a random matrix are close together, their eigenvectors tend to vary greatly; when the eigenvalues are far apart, their variability tends to be small. The combination of both helps to pinpoint the rank of a matrix more precisely than the previous methods. We establish the consistency of the new order-determination procedure, and compare it with other such procedures by simulation and in an applied setting.
Inglorious Revolution: Political Institutions, Sovereign Debt, and Financial Underdevelopment in Imperial Brazil: Summerhill, William R. New Haven: Yale University Press 360 pp., $85.00, ISBN 978-0300139273 Publication Date: October 2015

Inglorious Revolution: Political Institutions, Sovereign Debt, and Financial Underdevelopment in Imperial Brazil is an impressively well-researched and argued book that uncovers one of nineteenth-c...
The Feasibility of Automated Eye Tracking With the Early Childhood Vigilance Test of Attention in Younger HIV-Exposed Ugandan Children.

Objective: Tobii eye tracking was compared with webcam-based observer scoring on an animation viewing measure of attention (Early Childhood Vigilance Test; ECVT) to evaluate the feasibility of automating measurement and scoring. Outcomes from both scoring approaches were compared with the Mullen Sca
O-029 Ace aspiration is a safe and effective first-line treatment for acute ischemic strokes in the anterior circulation

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the Penumbra system with ACE reperfusion catheters only (ACE only) versus ACE followed by Solitaire stent-retriever rescue (Solumbra rescue) for the treatment of anterior circulation emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVOs). Methods We performed a single center, retrospective review of 100 consecutive patients with anterior circulation ELVOs treated with ACE as first-line therapy. If successful revascularization (TICI 2b-3) was not achieved with ACE only, then Solumbra rescue was utilized. Baseline characteristics, procedural variables, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days were recorded. Results 84 patients were treated with ACE only and 16 patients required Solumbra rescue. 53 patients received iv-tPA prior to mechanical thrombectomy. Overall successful revascularization for all 100 consecutive patients was 90%, with puncture to reperfusion time of 38.7 min, embolization to new territory rate of 5%, and post-procedure symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate of 3% (2 subarachnoid, 1 intraparenchymal). Successful revascularization using ACE only was achieved in 78 patients (38 after a single pass), while 12 of the 16 patients requiring Solumbra rescue were successfully revascularized (75%). Puncture to reperfusion time for ACE only versus Solumbra rescue were 30.5 and 81.8 min, respectively (p Conclusion Aspiration thrombectomy using the Penumbra system with ACE reperfusion catheters is an effective first-line treatment for anterior circulation ELVOs, with the option to use adjunctive stent-retriever devices if aspiration alone is not sufficient. Advancements in reperfusion catheter technology from ACE 60 to ACE 68 have resulted in shorter procedural times and reduced need for adjunctive stent-retriever device use. Disclosures J. Delgado Almandoz: 2; C; Penumbra, Inc, Medtronic Neurovacular. Y. Kayan: 2; C; Penumbra, Inc, Medtronic Neurovacular. M. Young: None. J. Scholz: None. A. Milner: None. J. Fease: None. P. Roohani: None. A. Wallace: None. M. Mulder: None. R. Tarrel: None.
Sequence Domain Calculation of Active Unbalanced Distribution Systems Affected by Complex Short Circuits

In this paper, a calculation method for quantifying the impact of complex short circuits on active unbalanced distribution systems is proposed. Unlike previous distribution system short-circuit calculations, the proposed method is capable of solving complex short circuits with an arbitrary number of faulted busses and phases, without predefining the boundary (fault) conditions. Different short circuits are defined by simple inspection of these faults. Additionally, all distribution system elements are appropriately modeled and integrated in the proposed method, including electronically coupled distributed energy resources. The method can solve unbalanced systems, including mutually coupled sections, in unsymmetrical prefault states, and it is performed in the sequence domain. This makes the proposed method particularly fast and suitable for online distribution system analysis. The computation results show the advantages of the proposed method relative to previous short-circuit calculation methods, in regards to both the required calculation time and the accuracy.
Product Line Design for Profit Maximization Using Common Parts, Features and Manufacturing Facilities

Designing products is an important managerial problem. In literature, we see this reflected essentially as engineering and marketing issues. However, this problem is tackled in isolation from each other and related production issues, resulting in products which require distinct parts, features and production facilities resulting in higher direct product and manufacturing costs than necessary. The problem of integrating product line design directly with manufacturing cost considerations have only recently received some attention, but the available models do not account for the advantages to be gained by the use of common facilities by products in the product line. In this paper, we formulate the product line design problem considering fixed and variable manufacturing costs and use of common parts, features and manufacturing facilities as an integer program. The objective of the model is to determine the optimal product line design to maximize total profit to the firm. To solve this NP-hard problem, we develop a fast and efficient heuristic based on beam search methods. Computational results on 270 simulated problems and an application derived from real data show that our heuristic identifies optimal (92% of the time) or near optimal solutions (within 99.7% of the optimal on average), is robust, and very fast (less than 7 Secs on a PC) for practical size problems.
Putting African Country Development into Macromarketing Perspective

Macromarketing takes a holistic approach to marketing activity in order to understand the interactions among markets, marketing, and society. Using the Sustainable Society Index, this study performs an analysis of country and regional development for Africa. Accordingly, the human, environmental, and economic well-being for societies across Africa will be compared with (1) the rest of the world, (2) other developing countries, and (3) regions of the world. In terms of the sustainability dimensions of people, planet, and profit, Africa does well on the planet (environmental) dimension but lags in the people and profit dimensions (human and economic development).
Now What? Responding to Nature’s Response

I parked my rental car on the gravelly lava shoulder between the Mamala-hoa Highway and the Ka’upulehu Dry Forest Preserve and tried to rub the sleep out of my eyes. As excited and curious as I was to see how all our plants were doing (it had been six months since that outplanting day and three months since my last census of them), I also yearned to lie down in the backseat and take a nap. But, as always, there was far too much to do and far too little time in which to do it before I had to fly back to Kaua‘i on yet another red-eye flight, so I fought off the urge to sleep, slathered myself with haole war paint (a.k.a. sunscreen), and rolled on out of the car.
Time in the realm of Harold (1992-1996).

The conditions and the discussion which took place during my first meeting with Professor Atwood say it all. I was interviewing at an SFN meeting in New Orleans for a postdoctoral position, but it ...
Numerical Cognition in Action: Reaching Behavior Reveals Numerical Distance Effects in 5- to 6-Year-Olds

This study investigates how children’s numerical cognition is reflected in their unfolding actions. Five- and 6-year-olds (N = 34) completed a numerical comparison task by reaching to touch one of three rectangles arranged horizontally on a digital display. A number from 1 to 9 appeared in the center rectangle on each trial. Participants were instructed to touch the left rectangle for numbers 1-4, the center rectangle for 5, and the right rectangle for 6-9. Reach trajectories were more curved toward the center rectangle for numbers closer to 5 (e.g., 4) than numbers further from 5 (e.g., 1). This finding indicates that a tight coupling exists between numerical and spatial information in children’s cognition and action as early as the preschool years. In addition to shedding new light on the spatial representation of numbers during childhood, our results highlight the promise of incorporating measures of manual dynamics into developmental research.
Microscale Isotopic Variation in Uranium Fuel Pellets with Implications for Nuclear Forensics.

Until recently, the analysis and identification of nuclear fuel pellets in the context of a nuclear forensics investigation have been mainly focused on macroscopic characteristics, such as fuel pel...
Kinetic Modeling of Steady-State Situations in Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Reactions.

In the course of investigations of the kinetics of individual reactions of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, a number of points about the complexity of P450 enzyme kinetics have become apparent. Several of these are of particular relevance to work with P450 enzymes in the course of drug development and lead optimization, particularly with regard to estimating in vitro kinetic parameters and dealing with enzyme inhibitors. Modern simulation modeling has been applied to situations involving issues of preincubation time with moderate strength and strong inhibitors, inhibition by tightly bound ligands that have been identified in P450 enzymes, extensive substrate depletion, P450 reactions with a rate-limiting step after product formation, and the consumption of an inhibitor during a reaction by either a P450 enzyme being monitored or another one in a mixture. The results all follow from first principles, and simulations reveal the extent of their significance in various settings. The order of addition of substrate and inhibitors can change the apparent outcome (inhibition constant, Ki), and the effect of the order is more pronounced with a stronger inhibitor. Substrate depletion alters parameters (Michaelis constant, Km) and can generate apparently sigmoidal plots. A rate-limiting step after product formation lowers the apparent Km and distorts Ki. Consumption of an inhibitor during a reaction affects Ki and differs depending on which enzyme is involved. The results are relevant with P450 enzymes and other enzymes as well. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Kinetic simulations have been used to address several potential problems in enzyme kinetic analysis. Although the simulations done here are general for enzyme reactions, several problems addressed here are particularly relevant to cytochrome P450 reactions encountered in drug development work.
Deploying and extending CMS Tier 3s using VC3 and the OSG Hosted CE service

CMS Tier 3 centers, frequently located at universities, play an important role in the physics analysis of CMS data. Although different computing resources are often available at universities, meeting all requirements to deploy a valid Tier 3 able to run CMS workflows can be challenging in certain scenarios. For instance, providing the right operating system (OS)with access to the CERNVM File System (CVMFS) on the worker nodes or having a Compute Element (CE) on the submit host is not always allowed or possible due to e.g: lack of root access to the nodes, TCP port network policies, maintenance of a C,etc. The Notre Dame group operates a CMS Tier 3 with 1K cores. In addition to this, researchers have access to an opportunistic pool with +25K cores that are used via lobster for CMS jobs, but cannot be used with other standard CMS submission tools on the grid like CRAB, as these resources are not part of the Tier 3 due to its opportunistic nature. This work describes the use of VC3, a service for automating the deployment of virtual cluster infrastructures, in order to provide the environment (user-space CVMFS access and customized OS via singularity containers) needed for CMS workflows to work. Also, we describe its integration with the OSG Hosted CE service, to add these resources to CMS as part of our existing Tier 3 in a seamless way.
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on Papanicolaou test: follow-up rates and stratification of risk for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

Introduction Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) Papanicolaou test is associated with moderate risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) at colposcopic biopsy. High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) cotesting risk stratifies patients with LSIL Papanicolaou test, with higher rates of HSIL for those hrHPV+. hrHPV genotyping is not considered in current LSIL management algorithms. Materials and methods We performed a 2-year retrospective review of LSIL Papanicolaou tests in patients 25 to 65 years old to assess rates of follow-up and HSIL at biopsy. Patient age, hrHPV cotest and genotype results, prior screening results, and follow-up testing for 3 years were recorded. Results A total of 71.5% (376 of 526) of patients had at least 1 follow-up colposcopic biopsy; 18% had HSIL on follow-up, including 20% of hrHPV+ and 12% of hrHPV−. HSIL at biopsy was most common when HPV16/18 was present (32%) and when multiple subtypes were detected (46%) versus when non-16, non-18 hrHPV alone was present (16%) or hrHPV was negative (12%). Of those hrHPV−, 5 of 22 (23%) with a prior screening abnormality had HSIL versus 1 of 27 (4%) for those without prior abnormalities. Follow-up occurred more commonly for hrHPV+ cotests (82%) than hrHPV− cotests (54%). No differences in follow-up rate based on hrHPV genotyping was seen. Conclusions The highest HSIL rates were seen when HPV16/18 was present (32%). HSIL rates were similar for those hrHPV− (12%) and non-16, non-18 hrHPV+ (16%). Follow-up was more common for those hrHPV+, but genotype results did not impact follow-up rates. Past screening results may impact risk of HSIL for hrHPV− cases.