cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Political Cognition Like Riding a Bicycle? How Cognitive Neuroscience Can Inform Research on Political Thinking

Our understanding of political phenomena, including political attitudes and sophistication, can be enriched by incorporating the theories and tools of cognitive neuroscience—in particular, the cognitive neuroscience of nonconscious habitual cognition (akin to bicycle riding). From this perspective, different types of informational “building blocks” can be construed from which different types of political attitudes may arise. A reflection-reflexion model is presented that describes how these blocks combine to produce a given political attitude as a function of goals, primes, expertise, and inherent conflict in considerations relevant to the attitude. The ways in which neuroimaging methods can be used to test hypotheses of political cognition are reviewed.
NEPHROTOXICITY INDUCED BY C- AND N-ARYLSUCCINIMIDES

The succinimide ring is incorporated into hundreds of compounds that are widely used as agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical agents. Some succinimide derivatives that contain an aryl group on the ethylene bridge of the succinimide ring (C-arylsuccinimides) or on the nitrogen atom (N-arylsuccinimides) induce nephrotoxicity in humans and/or laboratory animals. Acute toxicity induced by this general class of compounds is typically characterized as polyuric renal failure, while chronic nephrotoxicity is seen as chronic interstitial nephritis. In this review, the structure–nephrotoxicity relationships, biotransformation, and mechanisms of nephrotoxicity for the C- and N-arylsuccinimides are examined.
Exercise‐induced ovarian torsion in the cycle following gonadotrophin therapy: Case report

The incidence of ovarian torsion has been reported to be increased during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In this report we describe exercise-induced ovarian torsion in an ovary with a persistent cyst, following a failed gonadotrophin-stimulated intra-uterine insemination cycle. This report suggests that the risk of ovarian torsion persists beyond the treatment cycle and that patients should be instructed to refrain from exercise or strenuous activity if regression to normal ovarian size has not been documented. Ovarian torsion should be high in the differential diagnosis in patients experiencing abdominal pain with a history of recent gonadotrophin stimulation.
Theory of chaperonin action: inertial model for enhancement of prokaryotic Rubisco assembly.

We have performed a computational simulation of the aggregation and chaperonin-dependent reconstitution of dimeric prokaryotic ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), based on the data of P. Goloubinoff et al. (1989, Nature 342, 884-889) and P. V. Viitanen et al. (1990, Biochemistry 29, 5665-5671). The aggregation is simulated by a set of 12 differential equations representing the aggregation of the Rubisco folding intermediate, Rubisco-I, with itself and with aggregates of Rubisco-I, leading up to dodecamers. Four rate constants, applying to forward or reverse steps in the aggregation process, were included. Optimal values for these constants were determined using the ellipsoid algorithm as implemented by one of us (Ecker, J.G. & Kupferschmid, M., 1988, Introduction to Operations Research, Wiley, New York, pp. 315-322). Intensive exploration of simpler aggregation models did not identify an alternative that could simulate the data as well as this one. The activity of the chaperonin in this system was simulated by using this aggregation model, combined with a model similar to that proposed by Goloubinoff et al. (1989). The model assumes that the chaperonin can bind the folding intermediate rapidly, and that the chaperonin complex releases the Rubisco molecule slowly, permitting time for its spontaneous folding while interacting with the chaperonin. This is followed by self-association of the folded Rubisco monomer to yield the active dimeric Rubisco. A modification of the model that simulates temperature effects was also constructed. The most important results we obtained indicate that the chaperonin-dependent reconstitution of Rubisco can be simulated adequately without invoking any catalysis of folding by the chaperonin. In addition, the simulations predict values for the association rate constant of Rubisco-I with the chaperonin, and other variables, that are subject to experimental verification.
Diagnosis of Norwalk Virus Infection by Indirect Enzyme Immunoassay Detection of Salivary Antibodies to Recombinant Norwalk Virus Antigen

Simple diagnostic tests are needed for the detection of norovirus (NoV) outbreaks. Salivary antibody assays provide an attractive alternative to collecting and testing serum or stool samples. Antibodies to Norwalk virus (NV) in oral fluid samples were compared with NV antibodies in serum collected from 38 volunteers challenged with NV inoculum. Pre- and postchallenge (day 4, 8, 14, and 21) saliva and serum samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using recombinant NV antigen. Of 18 infected subjects (those who shed NV in stool or who demonstrated immunoglobulin G [IgG] seroconversion), 15 (83%) had ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgA and 15 (83%) had ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG when prechallenge and postchallenge saliva samples were compared. When the results of the IgA and IgG assays were combined, all 18 infected subjects showed ≥4-fold increases in NV-specific salivary IgG or IgA postchallenge titers compared to their prechallenge titers. One of 19 uninfected subjects had a ≥4-fold increase in NV-specific salivary IgG. The sensitivity of the combined assay results was 100%, and the specificity was 95%. NV-specific salivary IgA titers peaked around 14 days postchallenge. NV-specific salivary IgG and serum IgG titers continued to rise through 21 days postchallenge. The application of this EIA to an elementary school outbreak indicated that 67% of the subjects with confirmed infections had >4-fold rises in anti-NoV IgA when an antigen in the same genetic cluster as the outbreak virus was used. This is the first documented mucosal antibody response to NoV in children. This EIA provides a useful approach for diagnosing NoV outbreaks.
Defining exercise in contrast to physical activity.

Edited byJacquelyn Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAANUniversity of California—Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California, USADuring health examinations, patients are often asked about the freque...
Limitations of implantable, miniature ultrasonic transducers to measure wall movement in the canine jejunum

Abstract Background We used implantable miniature ultrasonic transducers to measure longitudinal distance, circumference, and wall thickness dynamically in vivo in canine jejunum. We hoped to differentiate circular from longitudinal smooth muscle contractions and to correlate physical measurements of change in distance within the jejunal wall with intraluminal manometry. Materials and methods In acute experiments at the time of celiotomy, longitudinal distances, circumferences, and wall thickness were measured directly and by ultrasonic transducers sewn to serosa and mucosa. Measurements were obtained with the intestine empty and after distention with air, water, or semisolid slurry. In chronic in vivo experiments in conscious dogs with indwelling ultrasonic transducers and intraluminal manometers, sonometric dimensions were correlated with manometric recordings. In acute experiments, sonometric measurements were similar to direct measurements. In chronic experiments in vivo, smallest ultrasonometric measurements of circumferences of the jejunum correlated in a phase-locked temporal manner with both highest intraluminal pressures and greatest wall thickness. Results Longitudinal distances increased during decreases in circumference. Distances orad to the site maximal intraluminal pressure peaked at 0.58 ± 0.04 s ( x ± SEM) before, and those aborad to this point 0.42 ± 0.04 s after attaining minimum circumferences. Conclusions Ultrasonic crystals can monitor geometric changes in the bowel wall with certain limitations, especially when obtained in vivo. Contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles, although phase-locked, do not appear to occur exactly synchronously in canine jejunum.
Determination of Frequency‐Wave-Number Spectra Using Seismic Arrays

Comparison of Fourier integral representation of array processing with delay and sum and cross-correlation techniques (U.K. methods) shows these processes to be simplifications of the Fourier transform method. This suggests a new approach to the cross-correlation technique which may enable easier on-line wave-number filtering of seismic signals than the conventional lag method. Data from two seismic events recorded by the Gauribidanur seismic array in India are analysed to illustrate the techniques.
dSimpleGraph: A Novel Distributed Clustering Algorithm for Exploring Very Large Scale Unknown Data Sets

Some of the major challenges in current clustering applications include: some data sets are so huge that it is difficult to load the entire data sets into memory for clustering, the data sets are often distributed over different locations for various reasons, which makes it impossible to process them centrally, and when lacking prior knowledge of the unknown data sets, it is troublesome to choose the appropriate parameters to feed into existing clustering algorithms. Therefore, a distributed clustering algorithm without too many parameters becomes rather appealing. Although some distributed clustering algorithms have been proposed, it is still a challenge for them to solve all of these problems. In this paper, we propose and implement a novel micro-cluster based distributed clustering algorithm called dSimpleGraph. An equivalence relation on two micro-clusters is defined. Relying on the relation, dSimpleGraph can efficiently cluster data on the local machines, moreover, it can easily generate a determined global view from local views. Only two scalar parameters are needed and the generated clusters can be any shape. Its MapReduce-style structure allows it to be easily implemented on existing distributed computing platforms. Extensive experimental studies show that dSimpleGraph is very fast and very suitable for exploring very large scale unknown data sets.
Noninvasive estimation of tissue temperature response to heating fields using diagnostic ultrasound

A noninvasive technique for monitoring tissue temperature changes due to heating fields using diagnostic ultrasound is described. The approach is based on the discrete scattering model used in the tissue characterization literature and the observation that most biological tissues are semi-regular scattering lattices. It has been demonstrated by many researchers and verified by the authors that the spectrum of the backscattered radio frequency (RF) signal collected with a diagnostic ultrasound transducer from a semi-regular tissue sample exhibits harmonically related resonances at frequencies determined by the average spacing between scatterers along a segment of the A-line. It is shown theoretically and demonstrated experimentally (for phantom, in vitro, and in vivo media) that these resonances change with changes in the tissue temperature within the processing window. In fact, changes in the resonances (/spl Delta/f) are linearly proportional to changes in the temperature (/spl Delta/T), with the proportionality constant being determined by changes in the speed of sound with temperature and the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of the tissue. Autoregressive (AR) model-based methods aid in the estimation of /spl Delta/f. It should be emphasized that this new technique is not a time of flight velocimetric one, so it represents a departure from previously used ultrasonic methods for tissue temperature estimation. >
Androgen therapy in pelvic malignancy

Abstract 1. Six cases of pelvic malignancy have been submitted to testosterone propionate therapy. 2. Pain was rapidly and almost completely relieved in most cases, and the patient's general condition was improved. 3. Androgenic therapy should be further tried in cases of this type.
Abstract 15406: Sitagliptin Shows No Significant Benefit on Cardiac Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The use of antidiabetic medications has been linked to both increases and decreases in cardiac outcomes, depending on the class of medication or even the specific agent used. We conducted a meta-analysis of existing data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on the cardiovascular outcomes of unstable angina (UA), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central through 02/2014 without any language restrictions. Two investigators were responsible for study selection and data extraction, with any discrepancies resolved through discussion. A random effects meta-analysis yielded relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for UA, MI, CHF, and CAD. Results: A total of 10 RCTs (n=4371 patients, mean age range: 49 to 69 years, range: 12 to 54 weeks duration, mean BMI range: 25 to 34 kg/m2 and mean A1C range: 5.4 to 9.9%. Trials evaluated sitagliptin versus placebo either as monotherapy or in addition to a background regimen of metformin (UA: n=4 studies, MI: n=9 studies, CHF: n=3 studies and CAD: n=5 studies). Meta-analysis found that there was no significant effect of sitagliptin compared to placebo on any of these cardiac outcomes: UA RR 0.70 (95%CI 0.03 to 17.90), MI RR 0.82 (95%CI 0.18 to 3.51), CHF RR 2.07 (95%CI 0.05 to 84.32), CAD RR 0.71 (95%CI 0.18 to 2.75). No heterogeneity was detected in any of these analyses. Conclusion: These are outcomes that require careful attention in future studies, as the cardiovascular risk associated with the use of sitagliptin cannot be ruled out. The event rates observed in RCTs are quite low, limiting the precision of the results. Additionally, RCTs may not be of sufficient duration to detect and report these outcomes in patients with T2DM. Future analyses of how sitagliptin works in real-world observational settings should be conducted.
Finding an independent set in a planar graph

A subset H of the vertices of a graph is independent if no two vertices in H are adjacent. The Erdos-Vizing Problem suggests that a planar graph has an independent set of vertices that contains at least 1/4 of the vertices of the graph. The purpose of this paper is to give an algorithm that produces an independent set in a planar graph that contains more than 2/9 of the vertices of the graph.
A Clean Slate Approach to Secure Ad Hoc Wireless Networking-Open Unsynchronized Networks

Distributed cyberphysical systems depend on secure wireless ad hoc networks to ensure that the sensors, controllers, and actuators (or nodes) in the system can reliably communicate. Such networks are difficult to design because, being inherently complex, they are vulnerable to attack. As a result, the current process of designing secure protocols for wireless ad hoc networks is effectively an arms race between discovering attacks and creating fixes. At no point in the process is it possible to make provable performance and security guarantees. This paper proposes a system-theoretic framework for the design of secure open wireless ad hoc networks, that provides precisely such guarantees. The nodes are initially unsynchronized, and join the network at any stage of the operation. The framework consists of a zero-sum game between all protocols and adversarial strategies, in which the protocol is announced before the adversarial strategy. Each choice of protocol and adversarial strategy results in a payoff. The design imperative is to choose the protocol that achieves the optimal payoff. We propose an “edge-tally supervised” merge protocol that is theoretically significant in three ways. First, the protocol achieves the max-min payoff; the highest possible payoff since the adversarial strategy always knows the protocol a priori . Second, the protocol actually does better and achieves the min-max payoff; it is a Nash equilibrium in the space of protocols and adversarial strategies. The adversarial nodes gain no advantage from knowing the protocol a priori . Third, the adversarial nodes are effectively limited to either jamming or conforming to the protocol; more complicated behaviors yield no strategic benefit.
Field and Laboratory Dissipation of the Herbicide Fomesafen in the Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA).

To control weeds with evolved resistance to glyphosate, Southeastern (USA) cotton farmers have increased fomesafen (5-(2-chloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyloxy)-N-mesyl-2-nitrobenzamide) use. To refine fomesafen risk assessments, data are needed that describe its dissipation following application to farm fields. In our study, relatively low runoff rates and transport by lateral subsurface flow, 3 years after application. Findings suggest low potential for fomesafen movement from treated fields, however, the fate of fomesafen that accumulated in subsoil and the identity of degradates are uncertain. Soil and water ...
Preserved neurogenesis in non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology

Rare individuals remain cognitively intact despite the presence of neuropathology usually associated with fully symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which we refer to as Non-Demented with Alzheimer’s disease Neuropathology (NDAN). Understanding the involved mechanism(s) of their cognitive resistance may reveal novel strategies to treat AD-related dementia. In the pursuit of this goal, we determined the number of hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) and investigated the expression of several miRNAs in NDAN and AD subjects. Laser-capture microdissection of autopsy human hippocampus DG and qRT-PCR miRNA analyses were combined with immunofluorescence in this study. The number of SOX2+ NSCs in the DG was significantly increased in NDAN individuals as compared to AD subjects. Further, the prevalence of SOX2+ NSCs was found to correlate with cognitive capacity. Neurogenesis-regulating miRNAs were decreased in NDAN individuals as compared to AD patients. An increased number of NSCs and new neurons in NDAN individuals is associated with a unique expression of regulating miRNAs and strongly support a role of neurogenesis in mediating, in part, the ability of these individuals to resist the pathological burden of AD.
SU-F-J-163: In Vivo Quantification of Sequence Parameter Effect On Geometric Distortion Caused by Implanted Titanium Brachytherapy Applicator

Purpose: The use of MR to plan and evaluate brachytherapy treatment for cervical cancer is increasing given the availability of MR conditional or safe applicators and MRI's proven superiority to CT for characterizing soft tissue lesions. The titanium applicators, however, cause geometric distortions or imaging artifacts, which reduce the utility of MRI for dosimetry. We sought to quantify the observed volume of the same applicator on a previously optimized T2 sequence in comparison to the conventional T2 sequence and CT obtained for brachytherapy planning. Methods: Prior work with testing in phantoms showed that increases in readout bandwidth yielded reductions in artifact area and distortion measurements even with voxel increases. Following IRB approval, nine patients with titanium tandem & ovoid applicator (Varian Medical Systems) in place were scanned with a standard periprocedural protocol which included sagittal T2 fast spin echo (FSE) acquisition (res 0.98×0.78×4.0 mm3; BW 200Hz). An additional T2-weighted FSE sequence (res 0.98×0.98×3–4 mm3; BW500Hz) with increased readout bandwidth, readout voxel size, and echo train length was added to the protocol. Volume measurements of the applicator (from tip to cervical stop) were hand-segmented in Velocity AI 3.1 (Velocity Medical Solutions) for the two T2 FSE sequences and a planning CT obtained shortly after MRI. Differences were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results: Average apparent volumes of the applicator on standard T2 sequence, decreased bandwidth T2 sequence and CT were 5.922±1.283 cm3, 4.544±1.524 cm3, and 2.304±0.509 cm3 respectively. Conclusion: Apparent volumes of a brachytherapy applicator can be compared in vivo. The modified sequence results in decreased apparent size of the cervical applicator. Both MR sequence volumes were larger than the planning CT, which was expected. Future work will focus on the diagnostic quality of the new sequence and quantifying any geometric shifts after CT to MRI registration based on anatomical landmarks.
Mapping ubiquitination sites of S. cerevisiae Mcm10

Minichromosome maintenance protein (Mcm) 10 is a part of the eukaryotic replication machinery and highly conserved throughout evolution. As a multivalent DNA scaffold, Mcm10 coordinates the action of proteins that are indispensable for lagging strand synthesis, such as the replication clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The binding between Mcm10 and PCNA serves an essential function during DNA elongation and is mediated by the ubiquitination of Mcm10. Here we map lysine 372 as the primary attachment site for ubiquitin on S. cerevisiae Mcm10. Moreover, we identify five additional lysines that can be ubiquitinated. Mutation of lysine 372 to arginine ablates ubiquitination of overexpressed protein and causes sensitivity to the replication inhibitor hydroxyurea in cells that are S-phase checkpoint compromised. Together, these findings reveal the high selectivity of the ubiquitination machinery that targets Mcm10 and that ubiquitination has a role in suppressing replication stress.
Access Options for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Unfavorable Aortoiliofemoral Anatomy

In the current era, 10–15 % of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)-eligible high and prohibitive risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis are not candidates for transfemoral arterial access. Knowledge of the various alternative access options can enable TAVR teams to provide improved quality of life and potentially life-saving treatment for a group of patients who otherwise have no viable options. In this article, we review approach to patients with unfavorable femoral arterial anatomy and provide an in-depth discussion on the various alternative routes for TAVR.
Creating safe spaces: designing day shelters for people experiencing homelessness

ABSTRACTDay shelter programs are an important resource for people experiencing homelessness, offering respite from inclement weather, social stigma, victimization, and access to essential services and resources. Creating functional day shelter spaces requires that staff, services, and facilities support the needs of this vulnerable and marginalized population. Little guidance, however, is available regarding the design of day shelter spaces that support service engagement and positive service outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to support the development of a new day shelter in Fort Worth, Texas, identifying and reviewing interdisciplinary resources relevant to the design of these facilities. Based on the review, a preliminary taxonomy emphasizing day shelter client safety, security, dignity and health and well-being is proposed. Additional discussion identifies practical considerations affecting the implementation of the taxonomy, design priorities, and how the taxonomy was applied to the desi...
Weight gain trajectories in hospital-based treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Weight gain is a primary treatment goal for anorexia nervosa (AN); however little is known about heterogeneity in weight gain pattern during treatment. Preliminary evidence suggests weight gain trajectory is associated with treatment outcome. This study grouped patients using mixture modeling into weight gain trajectories, and compared predictors and treatment outcomes between trajectory groups. Women diagnosed with AN or subthreshold AN (N = 211) completed self-report measures at admission and six-months after discharge from an integrated inpatient (IP)-partial hospitalization (PH) behavioral specialty eating disorders program. Gowned weights were measured daily. Three distinct trajectories emerged: negative quadratic (Optimal), negative quadratic with fast weight gain (Fast), and positive linear with slower weight gain (Slow). The majority of patients were assigned to the Optimal group. Trajectory groups differed on admission, discharge, and follow-up variables. The Fast group emerged as most distinct. Women in this group were more than twice as likely to binge and or vomit regularly compared with the other two groups and were most likely to achieve weight restoration by discharge and to have more positive weight outcomes at short-term follow-up. There were no group differences in eating disorder behavioral frequencies at follow-up when adjusting for behavioral severity at admission. Weight gain trajectory may serve as a personalized in-treatment marker of outcome and could inform research on moderators and mediators of treatment response. Randomized controlled treatment studies, utilizing weight gain trajectories to determine group membership, may help identify subgroups of patients with differential responses to treatment interventions.
Self-Evaluation, Coping, and Depressive Affect in African American Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Selective evaluation theory suggests that when individuals are faced with a threat such as a chronic illness they may compare themselves to less fortunate others, worse times, or hypothetical worse worlds to help cope with the threat. Research testing this model has demonstrated that these downward comparisons are associated with better psychological functioning. Although the assumption that upward comparisons are associated with poorer psychological functioning is implicitly stated in the selective evaluation theory, systematic research has not been conducted to test this hypothesis. To examine this question and to extend the generalizability of the selective evaluation theory, patients with sickle cell disease were asked to rate the frequency of use of both downward and upward comparisons when they have sickle cell disease pain and to rate their level of depressive affect. The results demonstrated that self-evaluation style accounts for a significant amount of variance in patients' level of depressive affect over and above demographic, pain, and disease-related variables. Moreover, as predicted, upward comparison was associated with higher levels of depressive affect and downward comparison was associated with lower levels of depressive affect.
Informal Unions in Mexico and the United States

The dramatic rise in cohabitation in the United States and other Western industrial societies signals a major shift in the way couples form sexual partnerships. In many Latin American countries, ho...
Vinblastine, Actinomycin D, Bleomycin, Cyclophosphamide and Cis-Platinum Combination Chemotherapy in Metastatic Testis Cancer—A 1-Year Program

Vinblastine, actinomycin D, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum were given in 31 men with stage III or bulky stage II malignant germ cell tumors of the testis and no previous chemotherapy, 25 of whom were evaluable. This regimen was given for 1 year and began with 3 successive inductions at 3 to 4-week intervals: 600 mg./m.2 intravenous cyclophosphamide, 4 mg./m.2 intravenous vinblastine, 30 mg. intravenous bleomycin and 1 mg./m.2 intravenous actinomycin D on day 1, followed by continuous 24-hour infusion of 20 mg./m.2 bleomycin per day on days 1 to 3 and 120 mg./m.2 intravenous cis-platinum with mannitol-enhanced diuresis on day 4. Any residual disease was resected 1 month after the third induction. If the resected specimen contained malignant tissue an additional 2 inductions (total 5) were given before brief maintenance with 6 mg./m.2 intravenous vinblastine and 1 mg./m.2 intravenous actinomycin D every 3 weeks for the remainder of 1 year. Complete remission occurred in 23 of 25 evaluable patients (92 per cent) and 20 (80 per cent) remain free of disease with a median followup of more than 27 months. Patients with minimal metastatic deposits and those without teratoma in the testis tumor had high complete remission rates with chemotherapy alone. Patients with advanced disease and with teratoma in the primary tumor benefited more frequently from the combined approach. Myelosuppression was the major potentially serious toxic effect. Vinblastine, actinomycin D, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum were superior to prior vinblastine, actinomycin D and bleomycin programs because higher complete remission rates were achieved with shorter duration of treatment and lesser disability.
Optimal Control Methods of Scheduling and Code Generation for Real-Time Parallel Software

Abstract This paper concerns with the problem of parallel scheduling and code generation for software projects described by direct acyclic graphs (DAG) with the nodes corresponding to relatively complex problems. The nodes can be executed on one or several processors. The aim of the design is to find the minimum time of execution of the whole project, described by the DAG on a given number of processors and to generate the corresponding parallel codes. An algorithm for the formulated problem is approved theoretically by methods of optimal control theory and, hence, provides a strong foundation for developing optimal parallel codes.
Whose Conjecture Did Van der Waerden Prove

This chapter presents a most fascinating historical investigation answering the question, who conjectured the famous theorem proven by Van der Waerden in 1926.
Making Room for Methods: Incorporating Full-scale Research Projects in Non-methods Courses:

Scholarship examining the educational potential of semester-long research projects in non-methods undergraduate sociology courses is limited. To address this gap in knowledge, I drew from active le...
Income Inequality and Digital Advertising Strategies: Evidence from a Field Experiment

In a globalized digital economy, it is not clear whether it is better to use globally- or domestically-oriented images in marketing communications, or how the optimal strategy would be affected by economic inequality. We explore this using field experiment data from Facebook in India. In these field experiments, consumers were shown ads that encouraged them to join an online community that shared reviews of wedding vendors. These ads randomized the extent to which the images of weddings showed global versus local aspirations. In general, the globalized images performed poorly. However, this is moderated by the degree of inequality in the surrounding region. People living in more unequal regions are more likely to embrace globalized images. We present suggestive evidence that this has to do with consumers trying to distance themselves from an environment of poverty, rather than because inequality is correlated with other regional characteristics that make the globalized image appealing.
West-directed thrusting south of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis indicates clockwise crustal flow at the indenter corner during the India-Asia collision

Abstract Whether continental deformation is accommodated by microplate motion or continuum flow is a central issue regarding the nature of Cenozoic deformation surrounding the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The microplate model predicts southeastward extrusion of rigid blocks along widely-spaced strike-slip faults, whereas the crustal-flow model requires clockwise crustal rotation along closely-spaced, semi-circular right-slip faults around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Although global positioning system (GPS) data support the crustal-flow model, the surface velocity field provides no information on the evolution of the India-Asia orogenic system at million-year scales. In this work, we present the results of systematic geologic mapping across the northernmost segment of the Indo-Burma Ranges, located directly southeast of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Early research inferred the area to have experienced either right-slip faulting accommodating northward indentation of India or thrusting due to the eastward continuation of the Himalayan orogen in the Cenozoic. Our mapping supports the presence of dip-slip thrust faults, rather than strike-slip faults. Specifically, the northern Indo-Burma Ranges exposes south- to west-directed ductile thrust shear zones in the hinterland and brittle fault zones in the foreland. The trends of ductile stretching lineations within thrust shear zones and thrust sheets rotate clockwise from the northeast direction in the northern part of the study area to the east direction in the southern part of the study area. This clockwise deflection pattern of lineations around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis mirrors the clockwise crustal-rotation pattern as suggested by the crustal-flow model and contemporary GPS velocity field. However, our finding is inconsistent with discrete strike-slip deformation in the area and the microplate model.
Deep RNA Sequencing Uncovers a Repertoire of Human Macrophage Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Modulated by Macrophage Activation and Associated With Cardiometabolic Diseases.

BackgroundSustained and dysfunctional macrophage activation promotes inflammatory cardiometabolic disorders, but the role of long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) in human macrophage activation a...
Bayesian Robust Two-stage Causal Modeling with Nonnormal Missing Data.

In observational studies or nonequivalent control group designs, one way to address the issue of selection bias (e.g., regressors are correlated with residuals) is to introduce instrumental variabl...
Estimation of intra-arterial chemotherapy distribution to the retina in pediatric retinoblastoma patients using quantitative digital subtraction angiography.

Background and purposeThe purpose of this article is to estimate the distribution of superselective intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) delivery to ocular target tissue using quantitative digital subtraction angiography (qDSA).Materials and methodsFrom March 2010 to January 2016, 50 ophthalmic artery contrast DSAs obtained immediately prior to IAC infusions in 22 patients were analyzed. This study was conducted under a retrospective review IRB (no. 10-01862). Parametric color-coded DSAs (iFlow, Siemens Medical) were post-processed (MATLAB, The Mathworks Inc.) using two methods: two box regions of interest (pre-retina and globe) and four custom regions of interest (ROIs—ophthalmic artery, choroid, supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), cavernous ICA). Mean interobserver reliability of custom ROI selection is presented as a 95% confidence interval of interclass correlation, and fractional chemotherapy delivery to selected ROIs as means ± standard deviation in this study.ResultsThe estimated fraction of c...
Enhanced tendon-to-bone repair through adhesive films.

Abstract Tendon-to-bone surgical repairs have unacceptably high failure rates, possibly due to their inability to recreate the load transfer mechanisms of the native enthesis. Instead of distributing load across a wide attachment footprint area, surgical repairs concentrate shear stress on a small number of suture anchor points. This motivates development of technologies that distribute shear stresses away from suture anchors and across the enthesis footprint. Here, we present predictions and proof-of-concept experiments showing that mechanically-optimized adhesive films can mimic the natural load transfer mechanisms of the healthy attachment and increase the load tolerance of a repair. Mechanical optimization, based upon a shear lag model corroborated by a finite element analysis, revealed that adhesives with relatively high strength and low stiffness can, theoretically, strengthen tendon-to-bone repairs by over 10-fold. Lap shear testing using tendon and bone planks validated the mechanical models for a range of adhesive stiffnesses and strengths. Ex vivo human supraspinatus repairs of cadaveric tissues using multipartite adhesives showed substantial increase in strength. Results suggest that adhesive-enhanced repair can improve repair strength, and motivate a search for optimal adhesives. Statement of Significance Current surgical techniques for tendon-to-bone repair have unacceptably high failure rates, indicating that the initial repair strength is insufficient to prevent gapping or rupture. In the rotator cuff, repair techniques apply compression over the repair interface to achieve contact healing between tendon and bone, but transfer almost all force in shear across only a few points where sutures puncture the tendon. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of an adhesive film, implanted between tendon and bone, to enhance repair strength and minimize the likelihood of rupture. Mechanical models demonstrated that optimally designed adhesives would improve repair strength by over 10-fold. Experiments using idealized and clinically-relevant repairs validated these models. This work demonstrates an opportunity to dramatically improve tendon-to-bone repair strength using adhesive films with appropriate material properties.
A comparison of the taxonomic and trait structure of macroinvertebrate communities between the riffles and pools of montane headwater streams

Macroinvertebrate community taxonomic and trait structure showed consistent differences between riffles and pools across 12 headwater streams in the Sierra Nevada (California) even as flows varied from wet to dry years and between seasons. Densities of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Elmidae, Orthocladiinae and Diamesinae midges, and mites were greater in riffles, whereas Tanypodinae, Chironominae, Sialis, and Pisidium were more abundant in pools. Pools had higher densities but estimated biomass was greater in riffles. Collector-gatherer and micropredator abundances were greater in pools whereas grazers, collector-filterers, and macropredators were more abundant in riffles. Stonefly shredders were most abundant in riffles but some caddis shredders were more abundant in pools. Trait state patterns were related to food resource and physical habitat differences between riffles and pools. Of the distinct pool–riffle differences we found among taxa, only about half conformed to expectations from the literature. Pool and riffle assemblages were most dissimilar at intermediate discharge and converged at low and high flows when one or the other habitat dominated. Bioassessment sampling will need to account for these flow-related differences. Benthic invertebrate communities in these mountain streams clearly differ between pools and riffles, but the relative extent of habitats and biological similarity shift with flow regime.
Express Decision – Mobile Application for Quick Decisions: An Overview of Implementations

Express Decision (ED), a mobile software application, was developed in order to offer decision-making support in situations of uncertainty. The current work presents a description of the Preference Evaluation Process (PEP), which was created based on Systemic-Structural Activity Theory with the goal of conducting thorough analysis of self-regulation processes that determine the selection of the most preferable alternative, a process in which ED plays a key role. PEP, along with ED, helps to divide a problem into sub-problems, determine the preference for solving each of them, and, as a result, determine the preference of the best alternative for execution. PEP, when splitting problems into sub-problems, implements a divide-and-concur algorithm, in which ED serves as a template (frame) for determining the terminal (ad hoc) level of sub-problems under consideration. The current work demonstrates the implementation of PEP with ED with the use of a real-life example based on solving the problem of selecting the best type of car insurance policy. For this particular problem, decision- and goal-motivation trees are constructed.
White Source Gamma-Ray Production Spectral Measurement Facilities in the U.S.A.

The two primary neutron sources for measuring gamma-ray production (GRP) cross sections for basic and applied work in the U.S.A. are the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the Weapons Neutron Research (WNR) facility located at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). ORELA is based on a 180-MeV electron linear accelerator, while the WNR facility uses the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility 800 MeV proton beam to produce neutrons. The facilities collectively cover the neutron-energy range from thermal to over 700 MeV. The paper describes the present capabilities for GRP measurements at each facility.
Quantität des Lichtes

Wir wollen uns nunmehr mit der Intensitat des Lichtes, die wir ab und zu schon kurz gestreift haben, etwas naher befassen, und werden in dieser Frage eine merkwurdige Anomalie, vielleicht noch besser gesagt, Inkonsequenz finden. Im Freien herrschen wahrend des Tages ungeheure Lichtintensitaten, wahrend wir in der Beleuchtung zur Nachtzeit fast das vollige Gegenteil finden: Dunkelheit. Obwohl da die Intensitat nur wenige FK betragt, horen wir doch noch klagen uber „Uberbeleuchtung“ und „zuviel Licht“. Die gleiche Intensitat finden wir z. B. eine halbe Stunde nach Sonnenuntergang drausen, und werden trotz dessen eine spannende Lekture vielleicht aus der Hand legen, wahrend wir im geschlossenen Raum bei der gleichen Intensitat uber „zuviel Licht“ klagen. Eine Messung wurde uns das Unsinnige dieser Behauptung sofort beweisen. Wir brauchen nur tagsuber in unserem Zimmer die Lampe anzustecken; gegenuber dem einstromenden Tageslicht werden wir keinerlei Anderung in der Intensitat der Beleuchtung wahrnehmen konnen — ein Zeichen, wie schwach das kunstliche Licht gegenuber dem naturlichen ist, und ein Beweis, das wir absolut keine Ursache haben, uber die abendliche Uberbeleuchtung eines Raumes Klage zu fuhren.
Range Optimization for DSRC and 5G Millimeter-Wave Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Link

The Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band (5.85-5.925 GHz) allocated for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication provides limited opportunities for high speed data transfer. Alternatively, high speed communication of at least 1Gbps is possible in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands. To overcome the propagation losses associated with mmwave frequencies, high gain radio architectures are required. In this paper, we present a novel dual-band V2V receiver architecture for both DSRC and 28GHz communications. For each band, we optimized antenna gain and number of elements to maximize range and data rate. For simplicity, free space path loss model was used for link budget estimation. Results show that an antenna array of at least 9×9 element is required to achieve a maximum data rate of 27Mbps at 5.9GHz and a range of 867m. At 28GHz, the same 9×9 dual band array is capable of transmitting high speed signals at a rate of 1Gbps with coverage of 688m.
Optimal Proactive Vehicle Relocation for On-Demand Mobility Service with Deep Convolution-LSTM Network

This study develops an innovative model for inferring optimal proactive relocation strategy for empty vehicles of on-demand mobility service (OMS) directly from past observations of passenger demand. The output of our model is a row stochastic relocation matrix which gives the probability that an empty vehicle should be relocated from location i to location j at any given time. The matrix itself is high-dimensional and therefore challenging to obtain accurate estimation with traditional machine learning approach. Our model proposes the low-rank approximation of the relocation matrix, and introduces the deep convolution-LSTM network which extracts low-level spatial and temporal features from past demand observations for best restoration of the actual low-rank approximation vector. The model is trained by deriving the optimal matching strategies from one year of real-world trip data. The results show that our model is able to predict the low-rank approximation of the relocation matrix with 4% of mean absolute error, may reduce the relocation cost by 20%-45% as compared to the real-world observations and is 50% optimal as compared to the global optimal matching with perfect information.
Management of online server congestion using optimal demand throttling

Abstract Bandwidth throttling is widely employed in practice by online-service-providers (OSPs) as a server/network congestion management tool. However, this topic has been largely neglected in the academic literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analytical study that aims at achieving an optimal (non-discriminatory) throttling mechanism for bandwidth when user demand is stochastic. In our setting, the demand dynamics of the OSP is governed by a geometric Brownian process. There are costs associated with maintaining and throttling demand; in particular, throttling cost includes both fixed and proportional costs. As users experience inferior service speeds during throttling, the proposed model modifies the demand dynamics to adequately capture users’ reactions to throttling. OSP’s objective is to determine the optimal throttling strategy that minimizes the total expected discounted cost of maintaining and throttling demand. By assuming the existence of an optimal strategy, we use a dynamic programming (Quasi-Variational Inequality) approach to show that it is optimal for the OSP to throttle the demand whenever it reaches a threshold level and downgrade the service speed by a fixed factor while the throttling is employed. Our numerical computations strongly suggest that it is always optimal for OSPs to induce negative (demand) growth rates during throttling to reduce unfavorable future demand. Moreover, our comparative statics analysis explains how OSPs should handle user demand with higher growth rates and volatility, service networks that face higher demand fluctuations/volatility during throttling, and the trade-off between non-monetary fixed and proportional cost associated with throttling.
Abstract WP25: The Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but its impact on clinical outcomes and mortality after AIS remains controversial. In this study, we evaluate the ...
Leadership Communication in the STEM Workplace: A Qualitative Study

As the need for more attention to leadership in the STEM professions has become apparent, it has also become clear that much remains unknown about this subject. To explore how communication scholar...
Synaptic vesicles undock and then transiently dock after an action potential

Abstract Synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release neurotransmitter following an action potential, after which new vesicles must refill vacated release sites. How many vesicles can fuse at a single active zone, where they fuse within the active zone, and how quickly they are replaced with new vesicles is not well-established. To capture synaptic vesicle exocytosis at cultured mouse hippocampal synapses, we induced single action potentials by electrical field stimulation then subjected neurons to high-pressure freezing to examine their morphology by electron microscopy. During synchronous release, multiple vesicles can fuse at a single active zone; this multivesicular release is augmented by increasing the extracellular calcium concentration. Synchronous fusions are distributed throughout the active zone, whereas asynchronous fusions are biased toward the center of the active zone. Immediately after stimulation a large fraction of vesicles become undocked. Between 8 and 14 ms, new vesicles are recruited to the plasma membrane and fully replenish the docked pool, but docking of these vesicles is transient and they either undock or fuse within 100 ms. These results demonstrate that recruitment of synaptic vesicles to release sites is rapid and reversible.