cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of anisotropy and plastic spin effects on localization phenomena

The main objective of the paper is the investigation of the influence of the anisotrophy and plastic spin effects on criteria for adiabatic shear band localization of plastic deformation. A theory of thermoplasticity is formulated within a framework of the rate-type covariance material structure with a finite set of internal state variables. The theory takes into consideration such effects as plastic non-normality, plastic-induced anisotropy (kinematic hardening), micro-damage mechanism, thermomechanical coupling and plastic spin. The next objective of the paper is to focus attention on cooperative phenomena in presence of the plastic spin, and the discussion on the influence of synergetic effects on localization criteria. A particular constitutive law for the plastic spin is assumed. The necessary condition for a localized plastic deformation region to be formed is obtained. This condition is accomplished by the assumption that some eigenvalues of the instantaneous adiabatic acoustic tensor vanish. A procedure has been developed which allows us to discuss two separate groups of effects on the localization phenomenon along a shear band. Plastic spin, spatial covariance and kinematic hardening effects are investigated at an isothermal process in an undamaged solid. In the second case, an adiabatic process in a damaged solid is discussed when the spatial covariance terms and the plastic spin are neglected. Here the thermomechanical coupling, micro-damage mechanism and kinematic hardening effects are examined. For both cases, the criteria for adiabatic shear band localization are obtained in an exact analytical form. Particular attention is focused on the analysis of the following effects: (i) plastic non-normality; (ii) plastic spin; (iii) covariant terms; (iv) plastic strain-induced anisotropy; (v) micro-damage mechanism; (vi) thermomechanical couplings. Cooperative phenomena are considered, and synergetic effects are investigated. A discussion of the influence of the plastic spin, kinematic hardening and covariant terms on the shear band localization conditions is presented. A numerical estimation of the effects discussed is given.
System Identification and Feedback Control of an Aerosol Production Process

A method for determining the relationship between the input (generator output rate) and output (chamber aerosol concentration) of an aerosol generating system is discussed. This relationship is modeled in terms of discrete transfer functions that separate the input that results from the physical aspects of the generating system from the input that is a result of the noise inherent to the process. A computer-aided design (CAD) software package was used to estimate these transfer functions and simulate the response of the modeled system to step-changes in generator output rate. The estimated transfer functions were then used to design a feedback control system that incorporated a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm. This algorithm effectively established new concentration levels after step-changes in generator output rate of various magnitudes were made.
Subfreezing activity of microorganisms and the potential habitability of Mars' polar regions.

The availability of water-ice at the surface in the Mars polar cap and within the top meter of the high-latitude regolith raises the question of whether liquid water can exist there under some circumstances and possibly support the existence of biota. We examine the minimum temperatures at which liquid water can exist at ice grain-dust grain and ice grain-ice grain contacts, the minimum subfreezing temperatures at which terrestrial organisms can grow or multiply, and the maximum temperatures that can occur in martian high-latitude and polar regions, to see if there is overlap. Liquid water can exist at grain contacts above about -20°C. Measurements of growth in organisms isolated from Siberian permafrost indicate growth at -10°C and metabolism at -20°C. Mars polar and high-latitude temperatures rise above -20°C at obliquities greater than ~40°, and under some conditions rise above 0°C. Thus, the environment in the Mars polar regions has overlapped habitable conditions within relatively recent epochs, and ...
Vitamin B12 binding proteins in monkey serum and red cells.

Abstract The vitamin B- 12 binding proteins in Rhesus and African Green monkey serum and red cells were isolated by ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. Vitamin B 12 added in vitro to monkey serum and lysed red cells was bound by monkey Transcobalamin II and a red cell binder, respectively, and these vitamin B 12 binding substances cross-reacted with antisera to their human homologues. Most of the native vitamin B 12 in monkey serum was also attached to monkey Transcobalamin II rather than to Transcobalamin I which is the predominant binder of native vitamin B 12 in human serum.
The effect of tocainide on theophylline metabolism.

The effect of 5 days of oral tocainide (400 mg every 8 h) on the kinetics of theophylline given as a single 5 mg kg-1 i.v. infusion over 30 min was investigated in eight healthy male nonsmokers. Treatment with tocainide decreased the plasma clearance of theophylline from 37.5 +/- 6.9 (mean +/- s.d.) to 33.7 +/- 5.0 ml kg-1 h-1 (difference -3.8, 95% CI, -1.7 to -5.9; P = 0.004) and increased its terminal elimination half-life from 9.7 +/- 2.5 to 10.4 +/- 2.1 h (difference 0.7, 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.2; P = 0.011). Tocainide decreased the formation clearances of 3-methylxanthine and 1-methyluric acid, but the formation clearance of 1,3-dimethyluric acid was unaltered. These data indicate that tocainide exerts a modest inhibitory effect on theophylline metabolism. The magnitude of this change is substantially smaller than that reported to be produced by mexiletine.
Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads with Other Languages edited by NIÑO–MURCIA, MERCEDES, & JASON ROTHMAN

The article reviews the book "Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads With Other Languages," edited by Mercedes Nino-Murcia and Jason Rothman.
Fathers' Role as Attachment Figures: An Interview with Sir Richard Bowlby.

Sir Richard Bowlby, son of John Bowlby, has carried on his father’s work by lecturing and writing on the topic of attachment theory. He has initiated and maintained international connections with researchers, practitioners and agencies in the field of child development, and has produced training videos to more widely disseminate information about attachment theory to professionals working with children and families. In this interview, conducted in London in February of 2009, Richard responded to questions regarding the father’s role as an attachment figure, highlighting new theoretical directions and current research. He also addressed cultural influences on fathering and attachment, and offered suggestions for researchers and practitioners.
DSM-III-R versus DSM-IV substance use disorders: Concordance in drug users homogeneous for chronic and severe problems

The present study determined the rates of concordance between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version III-R (DSM-III-R) and the next version (DSM-IV) lifetime diagnoses for Substance Abuse and Dependence in a population (N=900) homogeneous for chronic and severe substance u
Automated image-based colon cleansing for laxative-free CT colonography computer-aided polyp detection.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for detecting colonic polyps at noncathartic computed tomography colonography (CTC) in conjunction with an automated image-based colon cleansing algorithm.Methods: An automated colon cleansing algorithm was designed to detect and subtract tagged-stool, accounting for heterogeneity and poor tagging, to be used in conjunction with a colon CAD system. The method is locally adaptive and combines intensity, shape, and texture analysis with probabilistic optimization. CTC data from cathartic-free bowel preparation were acquired for testing and training the parameters. Patients underwent various colonic preparations with barium or Gastroview in divided doses over 48 h before scanning. No laxatives were administered and no dietary modifications were required. Cases were selected from a polyp-enriched cohort and included scans in which at least 90% of the solid stool was visually estimated to be tagged and each colonic segment was distended in either the prone or supine view. The CAD system was run comparatively with and without the stool subtraction algorithm.Results: The dataset comprised 38 CTC scans from prone and/or supine scans of 19 patients containing 44 polyps larger than 10 mm (22 unique polyps, if matched between prone and supine scans). The results are robust on fine details around folds, thin-stool linings on the colonic wall, near polyps and in large fluid/stool pools. The sensitivity of the CAD system is 70.5% per polyp at a rate of 5.75 false positives/scan without using the stool subtraction module. This detection improved significantly (p = 0.009) after automated colon cleansing on cathartic-free data to 86.4% true positive rate at 5.75 false positives/scan.Conclusions: An automated image-based colon cleansing algorithm designed to overcome the challenges of the noncathartic colon significantly improves the sensitivity of colon CAD by approximately 15%.
Stresses in aneurysm clips

Abstract The hysteresis of prototype aneurysm clips made from either titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) or Elgiloy (CoNi) have been compared. If aneurysm clips are opened too wide during insertion, stresses in excess of the yield strength of the material can be applied, causing hysteresis and uncertainty in the actual closing force. In this work, the authors demonstrated that, although mechanical test data on different alloys give useful guidance to the alloys' suitability of withstanding such loading, it is the design and geometric section of the device that determine the stress applied. Aneurysm clips formed from the two alloys were compared at maximum recommended extension using a Digital Force Gage to monitor the load applied, and yielding was demonstrated in certain aneurysm clip configurations. Consequently, it is clearly possible to overstress the clips, even using recommended procedures. Both the increase and decrease of the closing force of the clip after overstressing its spring are indicative of relaxation of residual stresses. This is unpredictable and therefore dangerous. It would be desirable for manufacturers to specify a value for the closing force of the clip after it has been opened to its maximum which could be used as a standard for surgeons. Regulatory agencies or neurosurgeons would therefore clearly benefit from improved standardization of calibration procedures for such clips.
Chronic Medical problems, coping resources, and depression: A longitudinal study of rural Tennesseans

This analysis examined chronic medical problems as a risk factor for depressive symptomatology using longitudinal survey data from a sample of rural Tennesseans. Two waves of data (1977 and 1983) were collected on 532 rural Middle-Tennessee residents. An initial investigation found chronic medical problems a powerful predictor of depression. Furthermore, internal and external resources (personal resources and social support) operated as moderating factors between the stress of medical problems and psychiatric impairment. Panel regression analyses indicated that Time 1 depression level as well as medical problems at Time 2 (t2) were significant predictors of depression at t2 in rural areas of the mid-South. Finally, the buffering effects of both social support and personal resources were explored.
Limits of morality: A sociological approach to higher moral stages

Grounded in the wider framework of Kohlberg's (1984) stage theory of moral development and Habermas' (1981; Habermas & Luhmann, 1971) theory of discourse, this article addresses the question: Is a moral stage 6 society possible? Toward answering this question, a sociological approach to moral stage 6 is employed that complements the usual psychological approach to moral development. The article posits that a moral stage 6 society is impossible. Therefore, lower-stage institutions cannot be abolished; they have to be controlled and supervised. This calls for a new and structurally different type of discourse, the metadiscourse. The article postulates that such metadiscourse has the property of moral stage 7 according to the general stage model (Commons & Richards, 1984a, 1984b). Finally, several strategies for controlling lower-stage institutions are considered, with bureaucracy serving as example of a lower-stage institution.
Role of arginine 277 in (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida in substrate binding and transition state stabilization.

(S)-Mandelate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida is an FMN-dependent α-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase. Structural studies of two homologous enzymes, glycolate oxidase and flavocytochrome b2, indicated that a conserved arginine residue (R277 in MDH) interacts with the product carboxylate group [Lindqvist, Y., Branden, C.-I., Mathews, F. S., and Lederer, F. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3198−3207]. The catalytic role of R277 was investigated by site-specific mutagenesis together with chemical rescue experiments. The R277K, R277G, R277H, and R277L proteins were generated and purified in active forms. The kcat for the charge-conserved mutation, R277K, was only 4-fold lower than wt-MDH, but its Km value was 40-fold lower; in contrast, kcats for R277G, R277H, and R277L were 400−1000-fold lower than for wt-MDH and Km values were 5−15-fold lower compared to R277K. The Kds for negatively charged competitive inhibitors were relatively unaffected in all four R277 mutants. The kcat for R277G could be enhanced by the addi...
Microcanonical simulation of nuclear multifragmentation

Abstract We discuss the formal basis for the theoretical treatment of nuclear multifragmentation within a microcanonical framework. The important role played by highly excited nuclear states and the interfragment forces is illustrated. The requirement of detailed balance is especially discussed and illustrated for the fission-fusion Metropolis moves in configuration space.
Structure of mineral glasses—II. The SiO2NaAlSiO4 join

Abstract The distribution of short range interatomic distances in NaAlSi 2 O 6 and NaAlSiO 4 glass has been determined by X-ray radial distribution analysis. The resulting radial distribution functions (RDF's) are interpreted by comparison with RDF's calculated for the Jadeite (NaAlSi 2 O 6 ) and nepheline (NaAlSiO 4 ) crystal structures and with previously determined RDF's for SiO 2 and NaAlSi 3 O 8 glass. The RDF of NaAlSi 2 O 6 glass is considerably different from that calculated for the Jadeite structure and suggests that the NaAlSi 2 O 6 melt at one atmosphere pressure has a stuffed tridymite-like structure with Al in tetrahedral coordination rather than a pyroxene-like structure with Al in octahedral coordination. The RDF of NaAlSiO 4 glass is also consistent with a stuffed tridymite-like structure similar to that of crystalline nepheline. Replacement of SiO 2 by NaAlO 2 across the SiO 2 -NaAlSiO 4 join causes 1. (1) a progressive expansion of the stuffed tridymite structure, 2. (2) an increase in the first T-O distance due to substitution of Al for Si in the tetrahedral sites, 3. (3) a decrease in the inferred Si, AlOSi, Al angle and 4. (4) a loss of detail in the RDF suggesting a progressive loss of structural regularity. The stuffed tridymite model is consistent with the observed densities of glasses along the SiO 2 NaAlSiO 4 join and offers a molecular interpretation of the high viscosity of melts in the Na 2 OAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 system at Na Al ratios of 1.0.
Automatic generation of epipolar images

In 3-D reconstruction there is a need for registering similar points in two projections of the same object. The paper presents a method to simplify the registration process. To this end epipolar images are automatically generated. >
Waiting for Service: The Effects of Music Volume and Gender

The results of this experiment lend support to previous findings that music can influence consumers' reactions to delay in a service setting. Music volume made a difference in service evaluation, with those waiting in a no music condition reporting the most favorable ratings. Mood and gender of the consumer was also found to influence service evaluation.
D2s dopamine receptor mediates phospholipase D and antiproliferation.

Abstract The D2 dopamine receptor, short form (D2s) has been shown to stimulate phospholipase D (PLD) activity independent of activation of phospholipase C (PLC) activity in GH4 derived cells stably transfected with the D2s receptor [Mol. Pharm. 58 (2000) 455]. Agonist activation of D2s has been shown to mediate the inhibition of growth in the same cell line [J. Biol. Chem. 276 (1992) 24169; Endocrinology 134 (1994) 783]. In the present study, D2s-HEK 293 cells were generated using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) based vectors. The stimulation of PLD by D2s can be augmented by the transfection of Rho A, but not Cdc 42 or Rac and nullified by transfection of N19 Rho A, a dominant negative form of Rho A. Addition of ethanol, at 0.5% reduced the ability of dopamine agonists to inhibit growth in D2s-HEK 293 cells, suggesting that PLD is involved in the antiproliferative effects of D2s signaling. In addition, the expression of N19 Rho A ablated the ability of the D2s to inhibit [ 3 H ] thymidine incorporation, while the expression of N19 Cdc 42 or N17 Rac had no effect. These results suggest that the D2s stimulation of PLD is Rho A dependent and lies along the signaling pathway which leads to the antiproliferative effects of D2s receptor activation.
Mobile innovation applications for the BYOD enterprise user

As employees began to bring their consumer mobile devices to the office, employees expected corporations to embrace or to provide solutions similar to consumer solutions they were used to on their smartphones. However, because of accountability and security concerns, many enterprises prefer employees use corporate alternatives to popular consumer apps. However, many of these expected enterprise alternatives to consumer solutions were not available to employees. In this paper, we discuss lessons learned during the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) transformation process leading to the rapid development and deployment of internal alternatives to consumer applications, as well as the introduction of technologies to reduce the cost brought on by a large influx of mobile devices connected to the enterprise. We also discuss the importance of a filtered approach to access content through the firewall into the enterprise arena as an alternative to the full virtual private network approach granted to PC devices.
Conditioning of aversion to an odor paired with peripheral shock in the developing rat

Four experiments examined an apparent inability to associate, or severe deficiency in associating, an odor and a footshock during the first 2 weeks of life in the rat, a cue-to-consequence relationship that had formerly seemed age-dependent. With a particular classical conditioning procedure, however, significant conditioning occurred on postnatal Days 6 and 10 with relatively few conditioning trials; the procedure employed an odor explicitly unpaired with footshock (CS-), as well as an odor paired with footshock (CS+) (Experiment I). Experiment II assessed the contribution of a CS- exposure in the conditioning of rats 8, 15, or 50 days of age. For 8-day-olds, exposure to both the CS+ and CS- resulted in conditioned aversion to the CS+ after eight but not one conditioning trials, but neither 1 nor eight trials with only a CS+ produced conditioning. For 15- and 50-day-olds, conditioning to the CS+ odor was significant after one trial with, but not without, a specific CS-; with eight trials, however, conditioning was significant with or without the specific CS-. It was verified with the 50-day-olds in Experiment III that aversion to the CS+ was conditioned with a single trial only if a CS- had been presented, with a slight trend toward superior conditioning if the CS- preceded rather than followed the CS+ during conditioning. Experiment IV tested the hypothesis that exposure to the distinctive CS- odor sensitizes the animal to the specific properties of the CS+ odor. Fifteen and 50-day-old rats were given one conditioning trial with a CS+ odor that was either unaccompanied by a CS- or that was presented with a CS- odor in the same context as the CS+ or in a different context. For both 15- and 50-day-old rats, conditioning to the CS+ occurred only for animals given the CS- in the same context as the CS+, indicating that the hypothesis should be rejected. The results generally indicate rapid and substantial odor-footshock conditioning in rats as young as 6 days of age, with CS- exposure established as perhaps especially significant for conditioning early in life, but important for rats of all ages tested, from infancy to adulthood.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Polyphenolic-Enriched Red Raspberry Extract in an Antigen-Induced Arthritis Rat Model

The red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit contains bioactive polyphenols including anthocyanins and ellagitannins with reported anti-inflammatory properties. Here we sought to investigate the cartilage protecting and anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract (RRE; standardized to total polyphenol, anthocyanin, and ellagitannin contents) using: 1) an in vitro bovine nasal explant cell culture model and, 2) an in vivo adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. RRE contained 20% total polyphenols (as gallic acid equivalents), 5% anthocyanins (as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents) and 9.25% ellagitannins (as ellagic acid equivalents). In the in vitro studies, bovine nasal explants were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL-1β to induce the release of proteoglycan and type II collagen. On treatment with RRE (50 μg/mL), there was a decrease in the rate of degradation of both proteoglycan and type II collagen. In the in vivo antigen-induced arthritis rat model, animals were gavaged daily with RRE (at doses of 30 and 120 mg/Kg, respectively) for 30 days after adjuvant injection (750 μg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis suspension in squalene). At the higher dose, animals treated with RRE had a lower incidence and severity of arthritis compared to control animals. Also, histological analyses revealed significant inhibition of inflammation, pannus formation, cartilage damage, and bone resorption by RRE. This study suggests that red raspberry polyphenols may afford cartilage protection and/or modulate the onset and severity of arthritis.
Properties of energy-independent nuclear optical potentials

For separable, coupled-channel model interactions we show how to construct energy-independent optical potentials, $\overline{U}$. The elastic phase shifts and nuclear wave functions obtained from $\overline{U}$ are identical at all energies with those of the conventional energy-dependent optical potential $U(E)$. Whenever there is strong absorption or a compound resonance $\overline{U}$ has an extremely rapid variation with momentum.
A camera as a sensor for lighting and shading control

We developed a proof-of-concept prototype camera-based system for lighting and shading control. The system utilised a simple CMOS-based digital camera with an approximate v-lambda filter, calibrate...
An efficient index structure for large-scale geo-tagged video databases

An unprecedented number of user-generated videos (UGVs) are currently being collected by mobile devices, however, such unstructured data are very hard to index and search. Due to recent development, UGVs can be geo-tagged, e.g., GPS locations and compass directions, at the acquisition time at a very fine spatial granularity. Ideally, each video frame can be tagged by the spatial extent of its coverage area, termed Field-Of-View (FOV). In this paper, we focus on the challenges of spatial indexing and querying of FOVs in a large repository. Since FOVs contain both location and orientation information, and their distribution is non-uniform, conventional spatial indexes (e.g., R-tree, Grid) cannot index them efficiently. We propose a class of new R-tree-based index structures that effectively harness FOVs' camera locations, orientations and view-distances, in tandem, for both filtering and optimization. In addition, we present novel search strategies and algorithms for efficient range and directional queries on FOVs utilizing our indexes. Our experiments with a real-world dataset and a large synthetic video dataset (over 30 years worth of videos) demonstrate the scalability and efficiency of our proposed indexes and search algorithms and their superiority over the competitors.
Materials handling interface models for storage systems design

This paper describes an analytical modeling methodology to support the allocation of storage resources in a cellular manufacturing system. Storage resources are defined as space, equipment, fixturing and labor associated with the storage of intermediate materials in the workplace. Typically, these resources cannot be easily mobilized for relocation during the operation of a manufacturing system. Therefore, they must be allocated strategically during the design of a manufacturing system. A model of the materials handling interfaces between an automated guided vehicle system, a conveyor system and a series of automatic transfer lines in a cellular manufacturing system is formulated to support this decision process. The model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of storage resources placed at different locations in a cellular manufacturing system. The model enables the decision maker to establish the locations in a manufacturing system where storage capacity can most effectively support a materials handling system. >
Lesions of the hippocampal formation but not lesions of the fornix or the mammillary nuclei produce long-lasting memory impairment in monkeys

A group of tasks sensitive to human amnesia were used to characterize the severity and duration of memory impairment in monkeys following bilateral damage to the hippocampal formation, fornix, or mammillary nuclei. Monkeys with hippocampal formation lesions (which included the hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, subiculum, posterior entorhinal cortex, and much of the parahippocampal gyrus) exhibited a substantial and lasting memory impairment. Monkeys with fornix transection or bilateral damage to the mammillary nuclei were impaired on the first task administered after surgery (delayed nonmatching to sample). However, they performed all the other tasks normally and were unimpaired when the delayed nonmatching to sample task was re-administered 18 months after surgery. The findings are consistent with reports that damage limited to the human hippocampus can produce a clinically significant and permanent amnesia. Because fornix transection or mammillary lesions produced only transient memory impairment, it seems unlikely that similar damage in humans can cause a severe or permanent amnesia.
Effects of Hours of Service and Driving Patterns on Motor Carrier Crashes

There is a need to explore the relationship, if any, between the probability of a crash and the hours worked by truck drivers. The need arises from the continued adjustment of federal hours of service regulations for truck drivers. This research used data logs from less-than-truckload carrier operations in 2004 to 2005 and in 2010 to estimate the probability of a crash after a certain amount of time spent driving, given no crashes until that time. Driver logs for 7 days before each crash were used and compared with a random sample (two drivers) of drivers who did not crash and were selected from the same company, terminal, and month. This study involved 686 subjects, including 224 crash-involved drivers. Discrete-time survival analysis models indicated a consistent increase in crash odds as driving time increased beyond the fourth hour. Breaks from driving reduced crash odds by as much as 50% compared with situations of drivers with no breaks. Crash odds were lowest when drivers returned to work during the day without an immediately preceding extended recovery period (but with at least minimum required off-duty time). Drivers returning to work immediately after a 34-h recovery period had crash odds 50% to 150% higher than those for drivers without the recovery immediately before a trip. Drivers had the highest crash odds immediately after returning from the extended time off; the effect then diminished with time.
Energy harvesting by sweeping voltage-escalated charging of a reconfigurable supercapacitor array

EscaCap is an energy harvester that uses a boost-up charge pump to perform maximum power-transfer tracking (MPTT) while charging a reservoir supercapacitor array (RSA) with a reconfigurable topology. Unlike buck-down type harvesters, the voltage-doubling charge pump of EscaCap enables the sensor nodes to operate under low ambient power conditions. The supercapacitors in the RSA can be dynamically configured for series or parallel topologies by means of a switch array for not only minimizing leakage of the supercapacitors but also improving the charging speed. Furthermore, the RSA of EscaCap is modular and can be easily expanded. Experimental results show that EscaCap can harvest energy efficiently under low and high solar irradiation conditions, achieve shorter charging time, and demonstrate flexibility and robustness.
Push-to-Talk Social Talk

This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants. We discuss how the half-duplex, lightweight cellular radio communication was associated with reduced interactional commitment, which meant the cellular radios could be used for a wide range of conversation styles. One such style, intermittent conversation, is characterized by response delays. Intermittent conversation is surprising in an audio medium, since it is typically associated with textual media such as instant messaging. We present design implications of our findings.
Humble on Sundays: Family, Friends, and Faculty in the Upward Mobility Experiences of African American Females

This article describes how African American women community college students portray their attempts to achieve upward social mobility via college attendance. We focus in particular on the role of interpersonal relationships in this process. All kinds of supportive relationships are seen as important, but unsupportive friends and faculty are generally ignored. However, unsupportive family members present real obstacles to the ability and desires of these women to achieve their educational goals.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Educational and Behavioral Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes

PURPOSEthis meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of educational and behavioral interventions on body weight and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.MEHODSStudies selected for analysis were published randomized controlled trials that evaluated educational and behavioral interventions (no drug interventions) in type 2 diabetes (sample size 210). These criteria were applied to searches of electronic databases and relevant bibliographies. Data were independently abstracted by 2 reviewers and adjudicated by consensus.RESULTSOf the 63 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 18 provided enough information for pooled estimates of glycohemoglobin (total Ghb, HbA1, or HbA1 C). These 18 studies yielded 2720 participants (sample sizes of 18 to 749). Interventions ranged from 1 to 19 months; follow-up ranged from 1 to 26 months. Glycohemoglobin was reduced by a mean of 0.43%. When results were stratified by quality score, glycohemoglobin was -0.50% and -0.38% for studies with high and low quality scores,...
Personality Dimensions of Aggression: Its Relationship to Time and Place of Action in Ice Hockey

An archival study of aggression using a refined definition based upon certain types of norm violations in ice hockey was conducted to explore whether aggressive responses can be generalized over time and place. While differences for an entire team's performance over 7years found trends but no significant differences, more refined analysis reported differences. When subgroups of low versus high aggressive players were compared, significant differences were found. Aggression increased over time and was more evident at home than away. An exception occurred when initial aggression was high and a postulated self-regulatory control decreased subsequent aggression.
Systemic Anticoagulant Prophylaxis for Central Catheter–Associated Venous Thrombosis in Cancer Patients

Objective:To review the literature regarding the incidence of thrombosis in cancer patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) and weigh the evidence supporting thromboprophylaxis in this patient population.Data Sources:Clinical literature was identified by searching MEDLINE (1966–February 2007) using the key search terms malignancy, cancer, catheters, prophylaxis, thrombosis, and central venous catheters.Study Selection and Data Extraction:An evaluation of retrospective and prospective clinical trials that studied the use of systemic anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, heparin, and low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH]) to prevent thrombosis with CVCs was performed. Different patient populations, including those manifesting with solid tumor or hematologic malignancy and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant, were evaluated for this review.Data Synthesis:Thrombosis associated with CVCs is a common complication in cancer patients. Most CVC thrombosis will occur within 30 days after placement, with ...
Comparison of Distal Ureteral Management Strategies During Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy

Abstract Background and Purpose: The optimal approach for management of the distal ureter and bladder cuff (DUBC) during laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper-tract transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) is controversial. We describe our contemporary experience with LNU and compare several approaches to the DUBC. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 36 patients undergoing LNU. Three approaches to the DUBC were used: Open resection (OR), complete laparoscopic dissection and suture reconstruction (LR), and laparoscopic dissection with DUBC stapling (LS). Patient demographics and intraoperative, perioperative, and pathologic variables were compared. Estimated 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated. Results: A total of 36 patients were analyzed: 10 OR, 12 LR, and 14 LS. The mean age was 69.6 years with a mean follow-up of 15 months. The LR and LS groups had significantly shorter operative times compared with the OR group (163 and 152 vs 276 minutes, respectively (...
Eigenvibrations of laterally inhomogeneous Earth models

Summary. A realistic three-dimensional Earth having both radial and lateral variations in seismic properties has been modelled using finite elements. Numerical algorithms are produced that yield efficient estimations of the non-degenerate eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of this laterally in-homogeneous spheroid. These serve as quite independent alternatives to previous mathematical methods used to study this problem. The algorithms rely upon Rayleigh's Variational Principle to solve the finite element eigen-problem. The Earth model used is perfectly elastic and non-rotating. The finite element formulation is demonstrated numerically in the case of eigenvibrations of low order torsional oscillations, 0T2 to 0T10, but also applies to the spheroidal oscillations. Theoretical splitting of the eigenfrequencies due to the Earth's ellipticity and to the structural contrasts between continents and oceans is obtained. Eigenfunctions of a realistic laterally inhomogeneous Earth model are computed for this suite of torsional oscillations. It is seen that the relative positions of the continents establish patterns of displacement which may provide explanations for the variations in eigen-spectra observed from one seismographic station to another. The deviations in eigenfrequencies due to the structural contrasts between the continents and the oceans are found to increase from 0.01 per cent of the unperturbed frequency for 0T2 to 0.1 per cent for 0T10. Over the same range of eigenvibrations, the effects on the eigenfrequencies of the Earth's ellipticity are about 0.2 per cent. The amplitudes of the eigenfunctions of these oscillations are seen to have significant global variation. The lower order modes show a latitudinal dependence of the amplitudes that would be expected were the Earth a simple ellipsoid. The higher order modes have more longitudinal amplitude dependence as a result of the increased perturbation effects of the continents. This work demonstrates that the finite element method can be used as a practical scheme for calculating theoretical eigenspectra for global seismographic stations.
Isolation and characterization of glutathione-S-transferase isozyme Q3 from the northern quahog, Mercinaria mercinaria.

Three glutathione-S-transferase (GST) isozymes (Q1, Q2, and Q3) from the northern quahog (Mercinaria mercinaria) were purified and separated with a combination of affinity and ion exchange chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of the separated quahog GSTs indicated there are four distinct subunits of the enzyme with molecular masses ranging between 23 and 27 kDa. The electrophoretic analysis in combination with GST information from literature indicates that among the quahog GST isozymes, there is a single homodimer and two heterodimers. Enzymatic kinetic analysis of the homodimeric quahog GST (Q3) using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and glutathione as reactants resulted in Vmax and Km values of 33.2 μmol min−1 mg−1 and 0.40 mM, respectively. A pH profile analysis of the Q3 GST indicates that the optimum catalytic pH is 7.6. The Q3 isozyme composes about 28% of the ion exchange purified GSTs but accounts for only 9% of the total GST enzymatic activity (25 μmol min−1 mg−1). An analysis investigating the dependence of the Q3 GST activity on temperature resulted in a retention of enzymatic activity (50–30% at temperature extremes from −13°C to 100°C), suggesting a unconventional role for the Q3 GST in quahog metabolism.
The Value of Knowing

We analyzed the last major imposition of mandatory disclosure requirements in U.S. equity markets. The 1964 Securities Acts Amendments extended several disclosure requirements to large firms traded over-the-counter that had applied to listed firms since 1934. We presented four pieces of evidence that investors valued the new disclosure requirements. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that mandatory disclosure laws can cause managers to focus more narrowly on the maximization of shareholder value.
RRAM-based hardware implementations of artificial neural networks: progress update and challenges ahead

Artificial neural networks have been receiving increasing attention due to their superior performance in many information processing tasks. Typically, scaling up the size of the network results in better performance and richer functionality. However, large neural networks are challenging to implement in software and customized hardware are generally required for their practical implementations. In this work, we will discuss our group’s recent efforts on the development of such custom hardware circuits, based on hybrid CMOS/memristor circuits, in particular of CMOL variety. We will start by reviewing the basics of memristive devices and of CMOL circuits. We will then discuss our recent progress towards demonstration of hybrid circuits, focusing on the experimental and theoretical results for artificial neural networks based on crossbarintegrated metal oxide memristors. We will conclude presentation with the discussion of the remaining challenges and the most pressing research needs.
THE EFFECTS OF PREDATION ON ARTIFICIAL MIMETIC POLYMORPHISMS WITH PERFECT AND IMPERFECT MIMICS AT VARYING FREQUENCIES.

Three main factors probably determine the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry. They are the frequency of the mimic, the degree of distastefulness of the model and the degree of perfection of the mimic. J. Brower (1960), using colored mealworms as models with perfect mimics, demonstrated that the mimics were selectively advantageous over a range of different frequencies relative to their models. Even at a frequency as high as 80%, the perfect mimics were well protected. She also. showed that when models were mo,re distasteful, they could support a higher frequency of mimics. O'Donald and Pilecki (1970) tested the hypothesis that frequency-depedent selection would maintain a mimetic polymorphism. In their experiments, baits of flour and lard were the artificial prey and sparrows the predators. The prey consisted of two different distasteful models, palatable mimics that perfectly resembled their models, and a palatable non-mimic. If the models were only slightly distasteful, then the rarer mimic did possess a selective advantage over the more common one. But there was no frequency-dependent selection if the models were highly distasteful: both the rare and common mimics were then equally well protected by their models. This is consistent with J. Brower's findings that more distasteful models can effectively support a greater frequency of mimics. If the mimics retain their advantage at higher fre-
Synthesis of morphine-d5 and codeine-d8

The synthesis of morphine labeled with deuterium in the N-methyl group and at positions 1 and 6 is described. Reduction of N-carboethoxy-1-bromonorcodeinone (IV) with lithium aluminum deuteride in tetrahydrofuran-d5 yielded the codeine-d5. O-Demethylation with sodium propylmercaptide-dimethyl formamide afforded morphine-d5, which could be remethylated with perdeuterioiodomethane to give codeine-d8. The labeled compounds are useful as standards for field ionization mass spectrometric analysis.
Predictive value of qualitative assessment of general movements for motor developmental outcome (cerebral palsy) in full-term infants with cerebral damage

Objective To study the predictive value of qualitative assessment of general movements(GMs)for motor developmental outcome(cerebral palsy)in full-term infants with cerebral damage.Methods A total of 55full-term infants with brain damage were retrospectively included in the Rehabilitation Department of Children's Hospital of Fudan University.All of them received GM assessments at least once during fidgety-movement period and their motor development outcome were determined after 1-year-old by their neurological examination and results of Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of GMs assessment for cerebral palsy were calculated.Results Among the 55infants with brain damage,20infants didn't show fidgety movements while 35did.After 1-year-old,19children were diagnosed with cerebral palsy while 36children were not.The predictive values of GMs assessment for cerebral palsy were as following:sensitivity 89%,specificity 92%,positive predictive value 85%,negative predictive value 94%.Conclusions The qualitative assessment of GMs has a good predictive value for long-term motor developmental outcome(cerebral palsy)in full-term infants with brain damage.As a new method of non-invasive,nonintrusive neurological assessment,the assessment of general movements is suitable for wide application in follow-ups among full-term infants with brain damage.
Research on Visualization of Bell Pepper Fruit Based on T-Splines Merging

The surface of bell pepper fruit has many big creasing,concave and convex.It is very difficult to get control points.In order to overcome the disadvantages above,the method based T-splines merging was proposed for modeling bell pepper fruit.Firstly,the fruit could be cut to several parts according to the contour of pepper.Secondly,3-dimension data points could be got by 3d scanner and every part could be simulated with NURBS surface.Finally,A complete bell pepper model was given by merging every part taking advantage of T-splines merging algorithm.Besides,the proposed algorithm was implemented by integrating VC++ and OpenGL.The experimental results show that this method not only can join every part successfully but also can simulate the bell pepper fruit visually with highly realistic rendering effects.
An investigation of the information system security issues in Taiwan

Taiwan is a small island located in Far East of Asia, but its business organisations have the most market shares of supplying information technology hardware worldwide. Most local suppliers of these Taiwan-based high-tech companies are small or medium sized business. However, some companies in Taiwan are multi-national organisations with significant revenue and a large amount of suppliers. Therefore, Taiwan, as a new developed country, provides an ideal setting for us to explore various information system security threats encountered by their organisations and evaluate their achievement of security objectives and various counter measurements implemented by those organisations. The major purpose of this study is to provide some insight to the information systems security issues of e-business in Taiwan for researchers and practitioners.
Polypropylene nanocomposites with oxo‐degradable pro‐oxidant: Mechanical, thermal, rheological, and photo‐degradation performance

The objective of the study was to generate degradable polypropylene nanocomposites by incorporation of pro-oxidant and different fillers like silica, silicate, and thermally reduced graphene. Graphene-based composites exhibited higher crystallinity attributed to better dispersion and high aspect ratio platelets. Graphene composites with 2.5% additive content significantly enhanced the peak degradation temperature to 464°C as compared to 448°C for pure polymer. The processing conditions used for the nanocomposite generation were optimum as a uniform distribution of filler particles (or platelets) was observed in the PP matrix. The tensile modulus of the graphene composite with 2.5% additive content was 80% higher than pure PP, as compared to 60 and 30% for silicate and silica composites, respectively. Similarly, the storage modulus of the graphene nanocomposite with 1% additive content had 30% increment at 40°C as compared to pure PP. PP-additive blends as well as PP nanocomposites with silica and silicate were observed to attain 100% degree of embrittlement within 6 months of UV exposure at 30°C. Graphene composites, though, had delayed photo-degradation due to UV absorption by the platelets and high aspect ratio platelets acting as oxygen barrier for PP matrix, but the pro-oxidant was successful in attaining controlled degradation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1229–1239, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
What’s the Problem?

An insightful colleague recently told me: philosophy is about problems. It’s about how problems are identified and dissected; it’s about how concepts are included and excluded when circumscribing problems; and it’s about how we uncover and re-discover forgotten problems and solutions. Shortly after this conversation, I came across a passage from Aristotle: ‘For those who wish to get clear of difficulties it is advantageous to discuss the difficulties well; for the subsequent free play of thought implies the solution of the previous difficulties, and it is not possible to untie a knot of which one does not know’ (1941, 995a28–30). Aristotle understood as well as anyone that the philosophical landscape we are traversing is well worn. Others have previously asked the same questions, and, for better or worse, they have offered answers. The ways in which issues are formulated and responses to problems are proffered do help us untie knots in our thinking. Sometimes it pays for philosophers to do a little archeology.