cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Daily Stress, Relationship Quality, and Depressive Symptoms

This study explored the relationships among daily stresses, specifically interpersonal conflict, the quality of supportive spousal relationships, and the experience of postpartum depressive symptoms. In our sample of 51 women nearly 30% reported symptoms consistent with postpartum depression. Using regression analysis and controlling for depression during pregnancy, results suggested that arguments with family members and the depth of the spousal relationship acted as significant predictors of the severity of reported postpartum depressive symptoms. Results of the regression were in the expected direction, but due to the small sample size, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Post-hoc analyses were conducted separating the women into three groups based on their depression scores. Therapeutic interventions to reduce postpartum depressive symptoms are considered.
Direct solid oxide fuel cell operation using isooctane

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) consisting of an 8 mol % Y-stabilized ZrO 2 (YSZ) electrolyte, La 0.8 Sr0 .2 MnO 3 -YSZ (LSM-YSZ) cathode, and Ni-YSZ anode support were operated directly using isooctane. The electrical performance of SOFCs operating with 5.3 vol % C 8 H 18 in N 2 was measured over a temperature range of 600-775°C. Open-circuit voltages achieved slightly over 1 V. The maximum power densities attained were 0.10 and 0.24 W/cm 2 at 650 and 700°C, respectively. Mass spectroscopy analysis showed C 8 H 18 thermally decomposed largely into ethylene and methane, which suggested SOFC fuel reactions primarily, involved these gas species.
Free nonlinear vibrations of statistically loaded long cylindrical shells

Large-amplitude global free vibration of a long cylindrical shell resting on an elastic foundations is considered. The shell is initially loaded by uniform static transverse forces.
Multi‐band Adiabatic Inversion Pulses for Use with the 8th‐order Hadamard Spectroscopic Imaging Technique

Rf pulses with frequency responses which correspond to the rows of the 8th-order Hadamard matrix are developed. These pulses can be used in the B1 insensitive Hadamard Spectroscopic Imaging multi-volume localization technique. It is shown how any adiabatic rf pulse, which inverts spin population at a well defined frequency band, can be modified to invert populations at several frequency bands simultaneously. Conditions on the frequency and amplitude functions which allow such modifications are defined. For increasing amplitude the interaction between the bands produces nonlinear irradiation at several frequencies. By using an integrated form of the Floquet formalism and perturbation theory, the interaction between the bands is described analytically by an effective Hamiltonian. From this description the conditions which guarantee minimization of the unwanted irradiation are defined. The experimental results agree very well with the theoretical predications.
Retention of a position discrimination after regeneration in planarians

When planarians are trained in a right-left discrimination and then sectioned, both the anterior and posterior portions demonstrate retention of the discrimination after regeneration. In subsequent retraining trials these Ss also require fewer trials to reach criterion than the original Ss. Control groups indicate that the retention levels are comparable to those of trained uncut animals and that regeneration by itself does not facilitate learning.
Positive Illusions and the Necessity of a Bright Line Forbidding Psychologist Involvement in Detainee Interrogations

The authors commend Costanzo, Gerrity, and Lykes (2007) and their cogent summary of a number of ethical and scientific considerations relevant to evaluating the proper role of psychologists in national security interrogations of so-called “enemy combatants.” From their careful analysis they derive a series of recommendations for the American Psychological Association (APA) and other psychology-related associations, all of which are quite powerful. While supporting these recommendations, the authors also argue that the logic and evidence presented by Costanzo et al. imply, in current legal, political, and organizational circumstances, that psychologists should play no role in the interrogations process. The authors propose that a “bright line” should separate the profession of psychology completely from national security interrogations. The argument is based partly upon ethical considerations, on the practical knowledge available for documenting psychologist participation in interrogations as members of the so-called Behavioral Science Consultation Teams (BSCTs) at Guantanamo, evidence from other locations and sources, and equally upon the social psychological research regarding the interrogation process so adroitly summarized by Costanzo et al.
THE FAIRNESS DOCTRINE: BENEFITS AND COSTS

IT HAS BECOME fashionable in Washington to examine government programs in terms of "cost effectiveness," which is, roughly speaking, an analysis of the immediate and long-range costs of a particular program balanced against hypothesized immediate and long-range benefits, particularly when compared with alternatives. Because it is almost axiomatic in the legal sense that every piece of legislation or regulation has its cost, it is particularly appropriate to apply the notion of cost effectiveness to the decisions of regulatory agencies in such fields as transportation, finance, and communications. A case in point is the fairness doctrine. The fairness doctrine is not new; it has its roots in the speeches of Herbert Hoover and in decisions of the Federal Radio Commission as early as 1929.1 In essence, the fairness doctrine requires that when a broadcaster allows his facilities to be used for the presentation of one side of a controversial issue, he must see that other (contrasting) viewpoints are presented as well. This so-called general fairness doctrine was formally promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission in 1948 in its Report on Editorializing by Broadcast Licensees.2 The fairness doctrine remained a matter of general policy, applied on a case-by-case basis, until the summer of i967 when the Commission adopted as rule certain provisions of the doctrine which have become the subject of extensive litigation; the issues were decided just six months ago by the United States Supreme Court in a unanimous decision, and the Commission's new rules were thereby upheld. It is the purpose of this article to examine those new rules from the standpoint of cost effectiveness.
The Effect of Country Music on Suicide

Abstract T7his article assesses the link between country music and metropolitan suicide rates. Country music is hypothesized to nurture a suicidal mood through its concerns with problems common in the suicidal population, such as marital discord, alcohol abuse, and alienation from work. The results of a multiple regression analysis of 49 metropolitan areas show that the greater the airtime devoted to country music, the greater the white suicide rate. The effect is independent of divorce, southernness, poverty, and gun availability. The existence of a country music subculture is thought to reinforce the link between country music and suicide. Our model explains 51% of the variance in urban white suicide rates. Sociological work on the relationship between art and society has been largely restricted to speculative, sociohistorical theories that are often mutually opposed. Some theorists see art as creating social structure (Adorno 1973), while Sorokin (1937) suggests that society and art are manifested in cyclical autono- mous spheres; and still others contend that art is a reflection of social structure (Albrecht 1954). Little empirical work has been done on the impact of music on social problems. While some research has linked music to criminal behavior (Singer, Levine & Jou 1990), the relationship between music and suicide remains largely unexplored. Music is not mentioned in reviews of the literature on suicide (Lester 1983; Stack 1982, 1990b); instead, the impact of art on suicide has been largely restricted to analyses of television movies and soap operas (for a review, see Stack 1990b). In this article, we explore the link between a particular form of popular music (country music) and metropolitan suicide rates. We contend that the themes found in country music foster a suicidal mood among people already at risk of suicide and that it is thereby associated with a high suicide rate. The effect is buttressed by the country subculture and a link between this subculture and a racial status related to an increased suicide risk.
Aspirin-Use Before ICH A Potentially Treatable Iatrogenic Coagulopathy?

See related article, pages 129–133. Oral anticoagulant use and, to a lesser extent, antiplatelet therapy increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).1 Individuals who experience ICH while taking anticoagulants tend to have larger hemorrhages and poorer outcomes, and may be more likely to experience enlargement of their hematomas after hospital admission.2,3 In this issue of Stroke , Saloheimo and colleagues report data from a single center that suggest the same may be true of patients taking aspirin at the time of their hemorrhage.4 In this population-based study, regular aspirin-use at onset was an independent risk factor for death by 3 months after hemorrhage (RR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.6). However, only three quarters of the 208 patients in the study were scanned initially on the day of ictus, and only half had repeat scans. Warfarin users had a 73% mortality rate, by far the highest. However, the 43% mortality rate among aspirin users was significantly higher than the …
Driving Cessation and Driving Limitation in Glaucoma: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Project

Objective To determine if glaucoma is associated with driving limitation or cessation. Design Cross-sectional analysis within a longitudinal, population-based cohort study. Participants and Controls One thousand one hundred thirty-five ever-drivers between 73 and 93, including 70 subjects with unilateral and 68 subjects with bilateral glaucoma. Methods All subjects reported their driving habits during each of 4 study rounds. During the fourth and final study round, subjects were assessed systematically for the presence of glaucoma. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported driving cessation or driving limitation, including cessation of night driving, driving fewer than 3000 miles annually, or cessation of driving in unfamiliar areas. Results Fifteen percent of subjects without glaucoma no longer were driving at the end of the cohort study, compared with 21% of unilateral glaucoma subjects ( P = 0.2) and 41% of bilateral glaucoma subjects ( P P = 0.002), but not unilateral (OR, 1.5; P = 0.3), glaucoma subjects were more likely no longer to be driving when compared with subjects without glaucoma. The odds that bilateral glaucoma subjects no longer were driving doubled for every 5 dB of visual field (VF) worsening in the better eye ( P P = 0.004) and unilateral (OR, 2.4; P = 0.06) glaucoma subjects were more likely to stop driving over this period than subjects without glaucoma. Driving cessation associated with bilateral glaucoma was present in 0.82% of the population, or 1 in every 122 individuals. Greater numbers of driving limitations were not more likely among subjects with glaucoma than subjects without glaucoma. However, bilateral glaucoma subjects did attribute more driving limitations to difficulties with their vision than subjects without glaucoma (OR, 2.2; P = 0.02). Conclusions Bilateral, and possibly unilateral, glaucoma is associated with significantly higher rates of driving cessation among the elderly. The substantial difference in driving patterns seen with different degrees of better-eye VF damage suggests that minimizing VF loss in the better-seeing eye is associated with better functional outcomes. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
A POLYPEPTIDE WITH SIMILARITY TO PHYCOCYANIN ALPHA -SUBUNIT PHYCOCYANOBILIN LYASE INVOLVED IN DEGRADATION OF PHYCOBILISOMES

To optimize the utilization of photosynthate and avoid damage that can result from the absorption of excess excitation energy, photosynthetic organisms must rapidly modify the synthesis and activities of components of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to environmental cues. During nutrient-limited growth, cyanobacteria degrade their light-harvesting complex, the phycobilisome, and dramatically reduce the rate of photosynthetic electron transport. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a cyanobacterial mutant that does not degrade its phycobilisomes during either sulfur or nitrogen limitation and exhibits an increased ratio of phycocyanin to chlorophyll during nutrient-replete growth. The mutant phenotype was complemented by a gene encoding a polypeptide with similarities to polypeptides that catalyze covalent bond formation between linear tetrapyrrole chromophores and subunits of apophycobiliproteins. The complementing gene, designated nblB, is expressed at approximately the same level in cells grown in nutrient-replete medium and medium devoid of either sulfur or nitrogen. These results suggest that the NblB polypeptide may be a constitutive part of the machinery that coordinates phycobilisome degradation with environmental conditions.
Dietary Sensitivities and ADHD Symptoms: Thirty-five Years of Research

Artificial food colors (AFCs) have not been established as the main cause of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but accumulated evidence suggests that a subgroup shows significant symptom improvement when consuming an AFC-free diet and reacts with ADHD-type symptoms on challenge with AFCs. Of children with suspected sensitivities, 65% to 89% reacted when challenged with at least 100 mg of AFC. Oligoantigenic diet studies suggested that some children in addition to being sensitive to AFCs are also sensitive to common nonsalicylate foods (milk, chocolate, soy, eggs, wheat, corn, legumes) as well as salicylate-containing grapes, tomatoes, and orange. Some studies found “cosensitivity” to be more the rule than the exception. Recently, 2 large studies demonstrated behavioral sensitivity to AFCs and benzoate in children both with and without ADHD. A trial elimination diet is appropriate for children who have not responded satisfactorily to conventional treatment or whose parents wish to pursue a d...
Cognitive fit and an intelligent agent for a word processor: should users take all that advice?

While intelligent agents have been developed to provide objective and expert advice to users, most experienced users know that they should not be followed blindly. Cognitive fit theory was developed about ten years ago to support the notion that tools should fit the tasks for which they were designed in light of the user's capabilities. Recently, intelligent agents have been provided to nearly every computer user as part of the Microsoft Office Suite. In nearly all of the applications in the suite, suggestions pop up as the software encounters recognized patterns. Users' capabilities vary widely, however. Some users have noticed anomalies in the advice, and their expertise leads them to override that advice. The computer credibility literature would predict that some users will take that advice without questioning it; this paper asserts that this will occur when there is lack of cognitive fit. In this study, the "advisor," one particular intelligent agent in Microsoft Word was examined. In this experimental study, 33 undergraduate students were exposed to a passage of text with five repetitions each of three types of error conditions: (1) errors flagged correctly, (2) errors found by the advisor that were not truly errors, and (3) errors missed by the Advisor. Hypotheses were that (1) the advisor would in general improve performance, (2) Expertise in English would in general improve performance, and (3) the advisor would help more those with higher English skills than those with lower English skills. Verbal SAT scores were obtained by permission of the subjects to serve as a measure of English skills. Analysis of the data showed that overall, all three hypotheses were supported in general. The paper also provides more detailed results for each of the error types. The results imply the need for careful use of intelligent agents; agents are not substitute for user expertise and could indeed degrade the performance of non-expert users.
A structured population model suggests that long life and post-reproductive lifespan promote the evolution of cooperation

Social organization correlates with longevity across animal taxa. This correlation has been explained by selection for longevity by social evolution. The reverse causality is also conceivable but has not been sufficiently considered. We constructed a simple, spatially structured population model of asexually reproducing individuals to study the effect of temporal life history structuring on the evolution of cooperation. Individuals employed fixed strategies of cooperation or defection towards all neighbours in a basic Prisoner's Dilemma paradigm. Individuals aged and transitioned through different life history stages asynchronously without migration. An individual's death triggered a reproductive event by one immediate neighbour. The specific neighbour was chosen probabilistically according to the cumulative payoff from all local interactions. Varying the duration of pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive life history stages, long-term simulations allowed a systematic evaluation of the influence of the duration of these specific life history stages. Our results revealed complex interactions among the effects of the three basic life history stages and the benefit to defect. Overall, a long post-reproductive stage promoted the evolution of cooperation, while a prolonged pre-reproductive stage has a negative effect. In general, the total length of life also increased the probability of the evolution of cooperation. Thus, our specific model suggests that the timing of life history transitions and total duration of life history stages may affect the evolution of cooperative behaviour. We conclude that the causation of the empirically observed association of life expectancy and sociality may be more complex than previously realized.
Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions Have a Durable Effect to Lower CRP and tPA Levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program Except in Those Who Develop Diabetes

OBJECTIVE We evaluate whether lifestyle and metformin interventions used to prevent diabetes have durable effects on markers of inflammation and coagulation and whether the effects are influenced by the development of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Diabetes Prevention Program was a controlled clinical trial of 3,234 subjects at high risk for diabetes who were randomized to lifestyle, metformin, or placebo interventions for 3.4 years. Diabetes was diagnosed semiannually by fasting glucose and annually by oral glucose tolerance testing. In addition to baseline testing, anthropometry was performed every 6 months; fasting insulin yearly; and hs-CRP, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and fibrinogen at 1 year and end of study (EOS). RESULTS CRP and tPA levels were unchanged in the placebo group but fell in the lifestyle and metformin groups at 1 year and remained lower at EOS. These reductions were not seen in those who developed diabetes over the course of the study despite intervention. Fibrinogen was lower at 1 year in the lifestyle group. Differences in weight and weight change explained most of the influence of diabetes on the CRP response in the lifestyle group, but only partly in the placebo and metformin groups. Weight, insulin sensitivity, and hyperglycemia differences each accounted for the influence of diabetes on the tPA response. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle and metformin interventions have durable effects to lower hs-CRP and tPA. Incident diabetes prevented these improvements, and this was accounted for by differences in weight, insulin resistance, and glucose levels.
Dynamic expressivity with static optimization for streaming languages

Developers increasingly use streaming languages to write applications that process large volumes of data with high throughput. Unfortunately, when picking which streaming language to use, they face a difficult choice. On the one hand, dynamically scheduled languages allow developers to write a wider range of applications, but cannot take advantage of many crucial optimizations. On the other hand, statically scheduled languages are extremely performant, but have difficulty expressing many important streaming applications.This paper presents the design of a hybrid scheduler for stream processing languages. The compiler partitions the streaming application into coarse-grained subgraphs separated by dynamic rate boundaries. It then applies static optimizations to those subgraphs. We have implemented this scheduler as an extension to the StreamIt compiler. To evaluate its performance, we compare it to three scheduling techniques used by dynamic systems (OS thread, demand, and no-op) on a combination of micro-benchmarks and real-world inspired synthetic benchmarks. Our scheduler not only allows the previously static version of StreamIt to run dynamic rate applications, but it outperforms the three dynamic alternatives. This demonstrates that our scheduler strikes the right balance between expressivity and performance for stream processing languages.
PHI-1 interacts with the catalytic subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase to produce a Ca2+ independent increase in MLC20 phosphorylation and force in avian smooth muscle

In avian smooth muscles, GTPγS produces a Rho kinase mediated increase in PHI-1 phosphorylation and force, but whether this correlation is causal is unknown. We examined the effect of phosphorylated PHI-1 (P-PHI-1) on force and myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation at a constant [Ca2+]. P-PHI-1, but not PHI-1, increased MLC20 phosphorylation and force, and phosphorylation of PHI-1 increased the interaction of PHI-1 with PP1c. Microcystin induced a dose-dependent reduction in the binding of PHI-1 to PP1c. These results suggest PHI-1 inhibits myosin light chain phosphatase by interacting with the active site of PP1c to produce a Ca2+ independent increase in MLC20 phosphorylation and force.
Design of partial information filters for optical correlators

Very efficient suboptimal algorithms for the design of phase-only filters (POFs) and binary-phase-only filters (BPOFs) are presented. A reduction of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude in computer time is obtained over previous algorithms. The loses in signal-to-noise ratio is negligible (less than 0.001 dB). The authors have implemented and tested the new algorithm with excellent results. In their computer simulations they used the 32 by 32 gray level tank image. To compute the OPOF, the tank image is zero-padded and a 64 by 64 FFT is performed. >
Fasting decreases apolipoprotein B mRNA editing and the secretion of small molecular weight apoB by rat hepatocytes: evidence that the total amount of apoB secreted is regulated post-transcriptionally.

Two different molecular weight forms of apoB are produced from a common initial transcript via editing of a Gln codon (CAA) to a stop codon (UAA), leading to a truncated translation product (apo BS) that consists of the amino terminal half of the larger form (apoBL). Previous studies have shown that fasting coordinately decreases lipogenesis and the secretion of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids and apoBS. Secretion of the apoBL is unaffected by fasting. We studied whether editing of apoB RNA is repressed by fasting, thus accounting for the selective decreased secretion of apoBS. Column chromatography of [35S]methionine-labeled lipoproteins secreted by hepatocytes from fed rats showed that essentially all of apoBL is secreted in the VLDL fraction, whereas a significant amount (15%) of apoBS is secreted associated as lipoproteins eluting in the HDL fractions. Fasting decreased the relative amount of apoBS that eluted in the VLDL fractions and increased the amount secreted in the HDL fractions. Consistent with previous results, hepatocytes from fasted rats show a selective twofold decrease in apoBS secretion. Fasting did not affect the relative abundance of apoB RNA, determined by slot blot hybridization assays using two different 32P-labeled cDNA probes coding either for both molecular weight forms or for only the large molecular weight form. However, quantitative of the editing of apoB RNA showed that fasting caused a 60% decrease in the amount of apoB RNA possessing the stop codon. These data show that the editing of apoB RNA is sensitive to metabolic state (i.e., fasting) resulting in a selective decrease in the secretion of apoBS. However, since the total secretion of apoB was decreased by fasting, while apoB mRNA levels remained constant, additional (post-transcriptional) mechanisms play a role in regulating apoB secretion.
An economic rationale for page and submission charges by academic journals

Journal publishing is generally characterized by economies of scale. This results in the impossibility of marginal cost pricing to enable to publisher to recover costs or make a profit. If one views the publishing process as the production of multiple outputs and assigns prices to each, it is possible to increase social welfare.
TU-C-ValB-08: Modeling Dose Delivery Accuracy of IMRT Head-And-Neck Cancer Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of internal organ variations on IMRT treatments of head‐and‐neck cancers using different daily alignment techniques. Method and Materials: Eleven head‐and‐neck cancer patients were imaged twice weekly during their course of treatment (141 CT scans total) using an integrated CT‐linear accelerator (EXaCT, Varian Oncology Systems). The clinical IMRT plans were copied onto the daily CTimages. The plans were aligned with (1) the daily marked isocenter using three radio‐opaque markers (BBs) and (2) bone alignment, using in‐house software to align the cervical vertebrae. Daily dose distributions were mapped from the daily CTimages onto the planning CTimage with an in‐house deformable image registration algorithm. Cumulative dose‐volume histograms from the planning CTimage were analyzed.Results: The differences in the clinical target volumes (CTV) gEUD between the planned and delivered doses (with BB or bone alignment) were typically ⩽1Gy; therefore the differences in target coverage were most likely clinically insignificant. However, the alignment method did have a statistically significant impact on the percentage‐volume of the CTV at the prescription dose. Neither BB alignment nor bone alignment maintained the planned coverage (average=98.2%), which was reduced to 95.6% with bone alignment (p=0.000) and 94.3% with BB alignment (p=0.000). BB alignment significantly increased the average percentage‐volume receiving ⩾25Gy above the original plan for the ipsilateral (59.6% vs. 51.4%, p=0.003) and contralateral (42.0% vs. 36.4%, p=0.016) parotid glands. The parotid gland gEUD increased by more than 5Gy in 35% of BB alignments and 15% of bone alignments. However, there was no statistically significant difference between BB and bone alignments in parotid dose received. Conclusions: The differences in CTV coverage between bone and BB alignment were statistically significant but small. Bone alignment more closely reproduced the planned parotid dose than BB alignment, although both gave higher dose than the original plan.
Adaptive institutional transference in the treatment of individuals with borderline personality disorder.

The author introduces “adaptive institutional transference” (AIT) and describes how it develops in some patients in response to psychotherapist transfer in psychology training clinics. Individuals with borderline personality disorder are especially likely to develop AIT because of difficulties related to abandonment depression. Directors, supervisors, and student psychotherapists in a variety of training settings should be aware of these dynamics because of their important treatment implications, which are described. Limitations and ideas for future exploratory and qualitative research are also discussed.
The association between oral health literacy and failed appointments in adults attending a university-based general dental clinic.

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the association between personal characteristics, a person's oral health literacy, and failing to show for dental appointments at a university dental clinic. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted on data collected from 200 adults at a university dental clinic between January 2005 and December 2006. In the original study, an oral health literacy instrument, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALM-D), was administered, sociodemographic and health information seeking behavior was gathered, and electronic records were reviewed. Results Descriptive and bivariate analyses and a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were conducted. Seeking health information through fewer sources vs. multiple sources was the strongest predictor of failing to show. The subjects' oral health literacy, as measured by the REALM-D List 3 score, was the next most significant variable. Classification and regression tree analyses also selected gender, chief complaint, age, and payment type as predictor variables. Conclusions Multiple factors contribute to failing to show for dental appointments. However, individuals who use fewer sources of oral health information, a subset of health literacy skills, are more likely to fail to show for dental appointments. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Taxonomic Mental Models in Competitor Definition

In this article, a cognitive approach to the problem of competitor definition is outlined, which begins with a discussion of the information-processing demands implied by current models of competitive strategy. How decision makers simplify the competitive environment by using a mental model of competitive groups is then discussed. Finally, the implications of a cognitive approach for the classifying organizations and organizational adaptation are commented on.
Recognition and ubiquitination of Salmonella type III effector SopA by a ubiquitin E3 ligase, HsRMA1

Salmonella translocate bacterial effectors into host cells to confer bacterial entry and survival. It is not known how the host cells cope with the influx of these effectors. We report here that the Salmonella effector, SopA, interacts with host HsRMA1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase with a previously unknown function. SopA is ubiquitinated and degraded by the HsRMA1-mediated ubiquitination pathway. A sopA mutant escapes out of the Salmonella-containing vacuoles less frequently to the cytosol than wild type Salmonella in HeLa cells in a HsRMA1-dependent manner. Our data suggest that efficient bacterial escape into the cytosol of epithelial cells requires HsRMA1-mediated SopA ubiquitination and contributes to Salmonella-induced enteropathogenicity.
Cardiometabolic Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among adults in the USA. Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Despite the development of numerous effective anti-glycemic therapies, we have been unable to completely mitigate cardiovascular risk with glucose lowering alone, and prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes is primarily achieved with the use of medications that address other risk factors such as anti-hypertensives or statins. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a key hormone in the pathophysiology of diabetes. GLP-1 agonists have been recently approved for the treatment of T2DM as well as for chronic weight management. In this review, we aim to explore the effects of GLP-1 agonists on cardiovascular health with a focus on cardiometabolic variables and cardiac function.
Effect of Leuprolide Acetate in Patients with Moderate to Severe Functional Bowel Disease Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Moderate to severe functional bowel disease results in debilitating abdominal pain, nausea, intermittent vomiting, early satiety, bloating, abdominal distension, and/or altered bowel habits. Because it occurs ∼20–30 times more frequently in women than in men and its symptoms often coincide with the menstrual cycle, we hypothesized that reproductive steroids may antagonize diseased nerves of the gastrointestinal tract, enhancing the expression of symptoms. No effective or consistent therapy has existed for these patients. We prospectively investigated the effect of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, leuprolide acetate, in 30 women with symptoms of moderate to severe functional bowel disease. The study was phase II, randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled. Lupron Depot 3.75 mg (which delivers a continuous low dose of drug for one month) or placebo were given intramuscularly monthly for three months. Symptom scores were assessed at each four-week visit. Follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels were assessed before and after therapy. Patients treated with low-dose leuprolide improved progressively and significantly in scores for nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain, and early satiety, and for overall symptoms (P<0.01–0.05). All hormone levels decreased significantly (P<0.05) except luteinizing hormone (P=0.054).
Ethanol Activation on Closed-Packed Surfaces

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on close-packed surfaces of Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru are conducted to generate insights into the adsorption and activation of ethanol. Metals with stronger C binding energies are expected to be more active, relative to those with weaker C binding energies. Single metals preferentially dehydrogenate before C–C and C–O cracking reactions are sufficiently facile, and early dehydrogenation reactions are likely more kinetically relevant than the cracking reactions. Metals with high O binding energies, especially relative to their C binding energies, are projected to be more selective to C–O scission, whereas those with lower O binding energies should be more selective to C–C scission. Finally, Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP)-type correlations are developed.
Theory of Near-IR Metatronic Nanocircuits Using Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO)

We theoretically investigate TCO nanorods functioning as optical nanocircuits in NIR regimes. Using the circuit theory and FDTD simulations, we explore the nanoscale circuit element functionalities controlled by the polarization of incident E-field.
Use of Antibiotic Beads and Antibiotic Spacers in Limb Salvage

Foot and ankle osteomyelitis is a complex and limb-threatening condition that often requires treatment with both antibiotics and excisional debridement of necrotic soft tissue and bone. The often necessary debridement may further complicate these cases by creating a substantial deficit, or dead space, that compromises lower extremity stucture and function. Antibiotic-loaded bone cement is the gold standard for managing the dead space resulting from aggressive operative debridement.
Exploring Divergent Volatility Properties from Yield and Thermodenuder Measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol from α-Pinene Ozonolysis

There are large uncertainties in the parameters dictating the gas-particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), although this process has major influences on their atmospheric lifecycle. Here, we extract parameters that describe the partitioning of SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis using measurements from a dual-thermodenuder (TD) system that constrains both the equilibrium and the kinetic properties that dictate SOA phase partitioning. Parallel TDs that vary in temperature and residence time were used with an evaporation-kinetics model to extract parameter values. An evaporation coefficient of an order of 0.1 best describes the observed evaporation, suggesting equilibration time scales of atmospheric SOA on the order of minutes to hours. A total of 20–40% of SOA mass consists of low-volatility material (saturation concentration of <0.3 μg m–3) in the TD-derived SOA volatility distribution. While distinct from existing parametrizations from aerosol growth experiments, derived values are consistent...
Analysis of iodized salt monitoring results in Xiamen city from 2008 to 2012

Objective To analyze the monitoring data of iodized salt in Xiamen city during 2008 to 2012,and to provide basic information for working out control strategies of the iodine deficiency disorders.Methods According to the iodized salt monitoring requirements in "national iodine deficiency disorders monitoring program",the sampling method and determining method of iodized salt were carried on.Results Iodized salt wholesale: during 2008 to 2012,a total of 62 batches were monitored,batch qualification rate 100%;558 salt samples were tested,iodized salt qualification rate 100%,and salt median iodine were from 24.1 mg/kg to 30.6 mg/kg.Household salt levels: 8 289 salt samples were collected,8 043 qualified,iodized salt coverage rate 98.3%,iodized salt qualification rate 98.7%,qualified iodized salt consumption rate 97.0%,rate of non-iodized salt was 1.7%,and salt median iodine were 28.4 mg/kg.Conclusions The iodized salt quality indicators were within the state-controlled range in Xiamen city which remained at relatively stable levels,but still need to continue to accelerate health education,ensuring the edible quality of iodized salt.
Prospective evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias using electrophysiologic techniques.

Electrophysiologic testing is known to be of value both diagnostically and in the evaluation of treatment modalities for patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and syncope of unknown etiology. Attention is being focused on the possibility of identifying patients at high risk for such lethal ventricular arrhythmias in the hope that prophylactic therapy could prevent such arrhythmias from occurring. In this article, the authors discuss the potential role of electrophysiologic testing in this prospective identification and review the current data in the two groups of patients that have been studied extensively in this regard post-myocardial infarction patients and patients with left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart disease. The element of study artifact is also addressed.
Effective use of a psychiatric consultant on a dialysis unit.

The patient on a dialysis unit is subjected to frequent crises, and he develops an intense relationship with the personnel who care for him. This can be used to advantage in creating a therapeutic milieu that will help the patient cope psychologically with his situation.
Oncofetal Transplantation Antigens

The morphologic and growth similarities of tumor formation and embryogenesis were recognized at least 70 years ago and led some pioneer investigators to explore the possibility that fetal material might be employed to vaccinate or immunize hosts against cancer. Shone (1906), working in Erhlich’s laboratory, was one of the first to observe that mice injected with fetal material were immune to growth of a transplantable tumor. This type of experiment serves well to define the term oncofetal transplantation antigen as an antigen present on both tumor and fetal cells which elicits an immune response that can destroy the tumor or fetal cell.
Teaching NeuroImages: Dynamic vertebral artery insufficiency

A 20-year-old healthy man presented with transient right upper monoparesis and brain MRI (figure, A) demonstrated left thalamic infarct. He presented 2 weeks later with left hemiparesis at basketball practice and right thalamic infarct (figure, B). Stroke risk factor workup was unrevealing. Conventional angiography demonstrated normal left vertebral artery course (figure, C and E), but dynamic left vertebral artery occlusion during 36° rightward head turn (figure, D and F). Bow hunter syndrome, first described in an archer,1 is eponymous for positional occlusion of the vertebral artery. This is associated with strokes from dynamic hypoperfusion. The patient remains symptom-free 1 month after microsurgical clip sacrifice of the left vertebral artery.
Thin-layer Chromatography of Chloroplast Pigments and Determination of Pigment Absorption Spectra

Contained in the chloroplasts of all higher plants are two major kinds of pigments which absorb light energy effective in photosynthesis. These are the green chlorophylls (a and b) and the commonly red, orange or yellow carotenoids. The carotenoids, several types of which typically occur in a single plant, are of two fundamental types, the carotenes and the oxygenated carotenoids or xanthophylls. Structural formulas of chlorophylls a and b; β-carotene, a representative carotene; and lutein, a representative xanthophyll, are illustrated in Figure 4-1.
Who Believed There Was A Bomb and When Did They Believe It? What Ahmed Mohamed’s Clock Says About Belief and Moral Panic

Thousands have expressed outrage over the treatment of Ahmed Mohamed, a 14-year-old Muslim student at MacArthur High School in Irving, Texas, who was arrested after trying to show his English teacher an electronic clock he had constructed. The principal as well as mayor Beth Van Duyne (who has previously appeared on Glenn Beck to discuss her fears over sharia law) have defended the actions of the school and police. But critics have speculated that neither the school nor police ever actually believed Mohamed had a bomb and that this was really a case of bigots humiliating a Muslim student under the pretense of public safety. This critique raises important questions about the mechanisms of moral panic. Is it necessary to believe in a threat to take action against it?
Social Epidemiology and Global Mental Health: Expanding the Evidence from High-Income to Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Purpose of the Review The vast majority of research on the social determinants of mental health has been generated from high-income country (HIC) populations, even as the greatest health disparities, and greatest disease burden, is observed in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The goal of this review is to examine the evidence base on how key social epidemiology constructs relate to mental health in LMIC contexts. A special focus is on points of departure from the HIC knowledge base, gaps in overall understanding, and opportunities for social epidemiology to make a significant contribution.
Time to selected quit date and subsequent rates of sustained smoking abstinence.

In efforts to combat tobacco dependence, most smoking cessation programs offer individuals who smoke the choice of a target quit date. However, it is uncertain whether the time to the selected quit date is associated with participants’ chances of achieving sustained abstinence. In a pre-specified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of four financial-incentive programs or usual care to encourage smoking cessation (Halpern et al. in N Engl J Med 372(22):2108–2117, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293 , 2015), study participants were instructed to select a quit date between 0 and 90 days from enrollment. Among those who selected a quit date and provided complete baseline data (n = 1848), we used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of the time to the selected quit date with 6- and 12-month biochemically-confirmed abstinence rates. In the fully adjusted model, the probability of being abstinent at 6 months if the participant selected a quit date in weeks 1, 5, 10, and 13 were 39.6, 22.6, 10.9, and 4.3%, respectively.
SUPPLEMENTARY OPTIMALITY PROPERTIES OF THE FAMILY OF GRADIENT-RESTORATION ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS1,2

The problem of minimizing a functional subject to differential constraints, nondifferential constraints, initial constraints, and final constraints is considered within the frame of the family of gradient-restoration algorithms for optimal control problems. This family includes sequential gradient-restoration algorithms (SGRA) and combined gradient-restoration algorithms (CGRA). The system of Lagrange multipliers associated with (i) the gradient phase of SGRA, (ii) the restoration phase of SGRA, and (iii) the combined gradient-restoration phase of CGRA is examined. It is shown that, in each case, the Lagrange multipliers are endowed with a supplementary optimality property: they minimize a special functional, quadratic in the multipliers, subject to the multiplier differential equations and boundary conditions, for given state, control, and parameter. These supplementary optimality properties have considerable computational implications: they allow one to reduce the study of an iteration of (i), (ii), (iii) to a mathematical programming problem involving a finite number of parameters as unknowns.
Multimeric CAX complexes and Ca2+ signaling - beyond humdrum housekeeping.

This article comments on:Hocking B, Conn SJ, Manohar M, Xu B, Athman A, Stancombe MA, Webb AR, Hirschi KD, Gilliham M. 2017. Heterodimerization of Arabidopsis calcium/proton exchangers contributes to regulation of guard cell dynamics and plant defense responses. Journal Experimental Botany 68, 4171–4183 .
Biogeographic responses of the copepod Calanus glacialis to a changing Arctic marine environment.

Dramatic changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean over the past few decades, especially in terms of sea ice loss and ocean warming. Those environmental changes may modify the planktonic ecosystem with changes from lower to upper trophic levels. This study aimed to understand how the biogeographic distribution of a crucial endemic copepod species, Calanus glacialis, may respond to both abiotic (ocean temperature) and biotic (phytoplankton prey) drivers. A copepod individual-based model coupled to an ice-ocean-biogeochemical model was utilized to simulate temperature- and food-dependent life cycle development of C. glacialis annually from 1980 to 2014. Over the 35-year study period, the northern boundaries of modeled diapausing C. glacialis expanded poleward and the annual success rates of C. glacialis individuals attaining diapause in a circumpolar transition zone increased substantially. Those patterns could be explained by a lengthening growth season (during which time food is ample) and shortening critical development time (the period from the first feeding stage N3 to the diapausing stage C4). The biogeographic changes were further linked to large scale oceanic processes, particularly diminishing sea ice cover, upper ocean warming, and increasing and prolonging food availability, which could have potential consequences to the entire Arctic shelf/slope marine ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Irradiation-induced defect formation and damage accumulation in single crystal CeO2

Abstract The accumulation of irradiation-induced disorder in single crystal CeO2 has been investigated over a wide range of ion fluences. Room temperature irradiations of epitaxial CeO2 thin films using 2 MeV Au2+ ions were carried out up to a total fluence of 1.3 × 1016 cm−2 Post-irradiation disorder was characterized using ion channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS/C) and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The Raman measurements were interpreted by means of a phonon confinement model, which employed rigid ion calculations to determine the phonon correlation length in the irradiated material. Comparison between the dose dependent changes in correlation length of the Raman measurements and the Ce disorder fraction from RBS/C provides complementary quantitative details on the rate of point and extended defect formation on the Ce and O sub-lattices over a broad range of ion fluences. Raman measurements, which are significantly more sensitive than RBS/C at low doses, reveal that the nucleation rate of defects is highest below 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa). Comparison between Raman and RBS/C measurements suggests that between 0.1 and 10 dpa the damage evolution is characterized by modest growth of point defects and/or small clusters, while above 10 dpa the preexisting defects rapidly grow into extended clusters and/or loops.