cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustic cavitation emission feedback to monitor tissue fractionation during histotripsy therapy

Histotripsy uses high-pressure, microsecond-long ultrasound pulses to generate a cloud of cavitation to fractionate cells in target tissues such as tumors, blood clots and brain applications. B-mode ultrasound has been used to detect the cavitation and tissue fractionation generated by histotripsy, but it requires a separate imaging probe and can only detect substantial amounts of tissue fractionation. In this study, a specialized circuit and digitizer was designed to allow all the elements of a 112-element array to transmit extremely high-pressure (>40MPa) histotripsy pulses and receive the low-pressure Acoustic Cavitation Emission (ACE) signals. ACE feedback can be achieved via the histotripsy array itself and may have a high sensitivity to detect tissue fractionation.
Anomalous helicity-dependent photocurrent in the topological insulator (Bi(0.5)Sb(0.)5)(2)Te-3 on a GaAs substrate

The emerging material, topological insulator, has provided new opportunities for spintronic applications, owing to its strong spin-orbit character. Topological insulator based heterostructures that display spin-charge coupling driven by topology at surfaces have great potential for the realization of novel spintronic devices. Here, we report the observation of anomalous photogalvanic effect in (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.5}$)${}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ thin films grown on GaAs substrate. We demonstrate that the magnitude, direction, and temperature dependence of the helicity-dependent photocurrent (HDPC) can be modulated by the gate voltage. From spatially resolved photocurrent measurements, we show that the line profile of HDPC in (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.5}$)${}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$/GaAs is unaffected by the variation of beam size, in contrast to the photocurrent response measured in a (${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.5}$)${}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$/mica structure.
Offshore Powering with a Closed Loop and Bus: Coupling Energy Storage for Maritime Electrical Networks

The current usage of the term hybrid electric power, when referring to electrical networks installed on offshore and marine assets, describes the coupling of energy-transformation systems (ETSs) that utilize different technologies to exchange energy with the electrical network. An ETS is composed of an energy-transformation device (ETD) and, if necessary, an energy converter that is used to match the electrical characteristics of the ETD to those of the electrical network; the converter facilitates the exchange of energy between the ETD and the electrical network at the required rate. An ETS may also be considered a source if it is able to supply net positive energy to the electrical network for consumption by the loads.
The GOP Approach : Implementation and Computational Studies

This chapter presents the implementation of the GOP algorithm and a variety of computational studies which include problems in heat exchanger network synthesis, pooling and blending, separation networks, as well as concave and indefinite quadratic problems studied by Visweswaran and Floudas (1996b), (1990), (1993). Section 4.1 discusses the various aspects involved in the implementation, including reduction tests and local enhancements at each node of the tree. In particular, the movement of data from one part of the program to another is discussed in detail. Section 4.2 focuses on the computational studies.
The Changing American Family and Its Implications for Infant Social Development: The Sample Case of Maternal Employment

Within the last decade, major changes have occurred in the way psychologists view psychosocial development in infancy. Prominent among these are conceptual advances bringing the realization that infants play an active role in their socialization, and an acknowledgment that the infant’s social world is a multidimensional one, comprising relationships with mother, father, sibling(s), and, to an increasing extent, peers.
Permutation groups symmetry and chirality in molecules

I I . Mathematical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A. Assumed Background; Nota t ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ]3. Group Algebra and Projection Opera tors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Group Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. Regular Representa t ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. Projection Opera tors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A Longitudinal Study of Information Exchange in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups

Recent research has suggested that groups do not exchange information effectively. This is particularly true of groups using computer-mediated communication systems (CMCS). However, generalizing the findings of these studies to real groups is difficult because they used ad hoc groups and/or the groups did not have experience with the CMCS and were working on novel tasks. In this study face-to-face groups and groups using two types of CMCS completed three information exchange tasks. Information exchange performance and relational links were collected for each task. The results suggest that CMCS groups are not able to exchange information as effectively as face-to-face groups, even as they become familiar with the task and CMCS. In addition, although relational links were slightly related to information exchange performance, they were not as important as communication mode in explaining differences in information exchange performance.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the risk of hypophosphatemia, hypertension, and hematological toxicities in patients with cancer treated with regorafenib.

e22218Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways and the proto-oncogenes KIT, RET and RAF1 are implicated in cancer development and progression. Regorafenib has sh...
EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS WHO STOPPED DRIVING BECAUSE OF THEIR VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS: PART 3

This work is the third in a series describing the experiences of 162 adults, aged 60 and older, who stopped driving due to visual impairment. Participants responded to open-ended questions concerning the advantages and disadvantages of stopped driving, strategies used in obtaining rides from other drivers, and advice they would offer to adults who are about to stop driving.
Objective Uncertainty Quantification

When designing an operator to alter the behavior of a physical system, the standard engineering paradigm is to begin with a scientific model describing the system, mathematically characterize a class of operators, define a performance cost relative to the operational objective, and pick an operator that minimizes the performance cost. Validation ipso facto plays a role because the scientific model needs to be validated. With complex systems, or those for which experiments are costly, there may be insufficient data for system identification, with validation being outside the realm of possibility. Given the resulting model uncertainty, the best one can do is to design a “robust” operator that is optimal relative to both the objective and the uncertainty. This robust optimization paradigm entails optimal experimental design: should one not be satisfied with the performance, choose the experiment that maximally reduces the uncertainty as it pertains to the objective. In this chapter, we address these problems and present examples in the context of gene regulatory network intervention.
The Pareto rule in marketing revisited: is it 80/20 or 70/20?

In a recent paper, Kim, Singh, and Winer (Marketing Letters 491–507, 2017) studied the Pareto rule across 22 different CPG categories. The authors found an average Pareto ratio (PR) of .73, meaning that 73% of sales came from the top 20% of customers. In this paper, we use a unique dataset of 339 publicly traded non-CPG companies to see whether/when the Kim et al. result holds. We have additional data on these companies, including whether they are product or service companies, whether they sell to customers on a subscription or non-subscription basis, financial and industry information, and summaries of customer purchase behavior. We find that the overall average PR is .67 with product companies having a ratio of .67, and service companies .66. We find that non-subscription businesses have a PR of .68, substantially higher than that of subscription businesses at .59. We estimate the correlates of PR by industry and other factors. Preliminary results show much higher PRs for profits than sales.
Dreaming dialectically: The death and life of the Mexico City charter for the right to the city:

This article investigates the conceptual and political history of the right to the city in Mexico City from the late 1980s to the present, focusing especially on the Mexico City Charter for the Rig...
Educational Policy, Parents, and Investment That Matters

This concluding chapter entails a discussion of differences and similarities in the ways that changes in educational initiatives, geared toward the building of human and cultural capital and changes in parenting beliefs and practices, geared toward helping children negotiate the challenges these initiatives have created in schools, have played out in China, India, and the United States. Ultimately, this discussion makes a case for investment in human and cultural capital—specifically through investment in quality childcare and early education programs. At the same time, the effectiveness of education that derives from grand-scale standards, and that measure student achievement through standardized testing, is called into question. Recommendations are made for redirecting energies, efforts, and resources toward high-quality care and early educational programs. A case is moreover made for ensuring that the curriculum in these programs features a heavy emphasis on play and the creation of child-friendly classroom environments.
The Challenge of Trade Liberalization to Cultural Survival on the Southern Frontier of Mexico

Mexico, once considered the most protectionist nation of major trading countries in the world, has reversed its policies of high tariffs and tightly controlled permits to import goods in the 1980s and 1990s. Responding in part to the demands of the International Monetary Fund to promote export-oriented production, remove barriers to imports, and release corporate controls over national lands and enterprises, Mexico's President de la Madrid reversed the earlier decision to stay out of GATT, resulting in a drop of average import tariffs from forty-five percent to nine percent. He sold hundreds of state enterprises, using the proceeds to pay off the foreign debt. As a result of the policies pursued during his administration from 1982 to 1988, privatizing nationalized industries where the best wages and benefits were secured, and reducing social welfare subsidies for food and transportation, real working class wages declined fifty-one percent, from forty percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to twenty-four percent in 1991, and unemployment increased to over twenty-three percent.1 After winning a contested election in 1988, President Salinas de Gortari has embraced neoliberal policies that have allowed freer entry of foreign imports and encouraged export-oriented production even before the passage of the controversial North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). With the restructuring of the economy, Mexico has shifted to export oriented production.2 Imports have increased from twelve to thirty billion dollars,
A Distributed System for Connectivity Tracking with UAVs

Algebraic connectivity is the second-smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix and can be used as a metric for the communication robustness of a network of agents. This connectivity concept applies to teams of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing cooperative tasks, such as arriving at a consensus while sharing sensor information through communication. The algebraic connectivity can be controlled by altering edge weights through movement of individual UAVs in a team, or by adding and deleting edges. The addition and deletion of edges to achieve a desired algebraic connectivity, however, is an NP-hard problem, leading to the development of multiple heuristic methods. A primary method, the greedy perturbation heuristic, relies on global knowledge of the system to determine the eigenvector associated with the algebraic connectivity. Using an existing method for determining algebraic connectivity distributively, the primary contributions of this paper are 1) the introduction of a decentralized estimation of the Fiedler vector and 2) a decentralized Fiedler vector-based connectivity tracking algorithm.
Incentives for Federated Learning: a Hypothesis Elicitation Approach.

Federated learning provides a promising paradigm for collecting machine learning models from distributed data sources without compromising users' data privacy. The success of a credible federated learning system builds on the assumption that the decentralized and self-interested users will be willing to participate to contribute their local models in a trustworthy way. However, without proper incentives, users might simply opt out the contribution cycle, or will be mis-incentivized to contribute spam/false information. This paper introduces solutions to incentivize truthful reporting of a local, user-side machine learning model for federated learning. Our results build on the literature of information elicitation, but focus on the questions of eliciting hypothesis (rather than eliciting human predictions). We provide a scoring rule based framework that incentivizes truthful reporting of local hypotheses at a Bayesian Nash Equilibrium. We study the market implementation, accuracy as well as robustness properties of our proposed solution too. We verify the effectiveness of our methods using MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets. Particularly we show that by reporting low-quality hypotheses, users will receive decreasing scores (rewards, or payments).
Identification of a naturally presented HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL-defined mutant p53 peptide in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck

5458 Objective: Determine whether p53 missense mutations that occur within the HLA-A2.1-restricted epitopes, p53149-157, p53 217-225 and p53264-272, in HLA-A2.1+ squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) are capable of being targeted with tumor specific p53 vaccines. Methods: Sequence analysis of p53 expressed in 53 HLA-A2+ SCCHN tumors identified 5 distinct mutations, V157F, S149C, T150R, Y220C and E271K, occurring in three HLA-A2.1-restricted p53 epitopes in 10/53 tumors. The Y220C mutation was detected in 6/53 tumors. Synthetic mutant p53 peptides were tested for HLA-A2.1-binding in MHC stabilization assays and induction of anti-mutant peptide CTL from normal donor PBMC. The anti-mutant peptide reactivity of PBMC following in vitro stimulation (IVS) with peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells was determined in cytotoxic and ELISPOT IFNγ assays using T2 target cells and HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell lines. Results: All mutant p53 peptides tested, with the exception of Y220C peptide, displayed little to no binding to HLA-A2.1 molecules and failed to induce anti-mutant peptide CTL in IVS cultures. In contrast, the Y220C mutant peptide yielded bulk and cloned populations of CD8+ T cells specific for the mutant peptide and reactive against an HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell line expressing the Y220C mutation, UD-SCC6, but not PCI-13, an HLA-A2+ SCCHN cell line expressing a p53 mutation at codon 286. Conclusion: Most of the mutant p53 peptides tested involved non-conserved amino acid exchanges at anchor positions of the epitope that abrogated HLA-A2.1 binding. In contrast, Y220C represents a mutation that can be naturally presented and targeted to induce a potentially robust immune response. We are currently evaluating the immunogenicity of this mutant peptide in the autologous UD-SCC6 system. The notable frequency of the “hot spot” p53 Y220C mutation in HLA-A2+ SCCHN tumors makes development of vaccines targeting it a more practical approach than previously considered for p53 missense mutations
Raising Rivals Costs by Customer Diversion: Evidence from Airline Baggage Fees

This study examines the effects of airline baggage fees as a method for diverting high cost passengers to rival airlines that do not charge such fees. We show that the latter in turn must raise the...
Updates on Recent Developments in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) or pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is a condition in which the intracranial pressure is increased without radiographic or laboratory evidence of intracranial pathology or localizing neurological signs, with the exception of papilledema and/or a cranial nerve VI palsy. As the pathophysiology of IIH is not well understood, current treatment strategies center on managing symptoms and preventing morbidity. This review aims to provide an updated overview on typical and atypical presentations, diagnostic criteria, work up, treatment options, and current theories on the pathophysiology of IIH.
Tabanidae (Diptera) del Parque Nacional Darién, y su diversidad en la República de Panamá

A checklist and natural history of the 17 genera and 39 species of tabanid collected in Darien National Park, during this research, are presented. A checklist of the 151 species and subspecies of Tabanidae recorded for Panama is given, indicating all the species recorded in Darien Province.
Reconfigurable Control of Formation Antennas in Earth Orbit

An integrated control and electromagnetic/antenna formulation is presented for evaluating the performance of a distributed antenna system as a function of formation geometry.
JOURNEY WITH GANESH

Ideas about the ‘social life of things’ propounded by Arjun Appadurai ( 1986 ) and the ‘agency of objects’ suggested by Alfred Gell ( 1998 ) provide different perspectives for two stories of icons ...
Secure applications of Pedersen's distributed key generation protocol

Secrecy of private signing keys is one of the most important issues in secure electronic commerce. A promising solution to this problem is to distribute the signing function among multiple parties. However, a threshold signature scheme typically assumes that the shared signing function can only be activated by a quorum number of parties, which is inappropriate in settings where a user employs some public servers for a threshold protection of her private signing function (therefore the name "server-assisted threshold signatures"). In this paper we present two efficient and provably secure schemes for server-assisted threshold signatures, where the signing function is activated by a user (but in certain enhanced way). The first one (we call TPAKE-HTSig) is tailored for the setting where a user has a networked device that is powerful enough to efficiently compute modular exponentiations. The second one (we call LW-TSig) is tailored for the setting where a user has a smart card without a cryptographic co-processor. Modular construction of the schemes ensures that any module can be substituted without weakening security of the resultant scheme, as long as the substitutive one satisfies certain security requirement. In addition to the two schemes, we also present a taxonomy of systems protecting private signing functions.
Shear Modulus and Damping in Soils: Measurement and Parameter Effects (Terzaghi Leture)

Based on numerous tests on a spectrum of disturbed and undisturbed soils, the shear modulus decreases and the damping ratio increases very rapidly with increasing strain amplitude. The rate of increase or decrease depends on many parameters: (1) Effective mean principal stress; (2) degree of saturation; (3) void ratio; and (4) number of cycles of loading. Ambient states of octahedral shear stress, overconsolidation ratio, effective strength envelope, frequency of loading, and time effects have a less important influence on these properties. Cohesive soils are affected differently than clean sands. The apparatus used to measure shear modulus and damping must be capable of making accurate measurements at very small shearing strains, the range being defined by practical problems in earthquake and foundation vibrations. A pseudo static simple shear apparatus and two different resonant column apparatus were used.
Returns-to-Scale

As demonstrated in Figure 1.3, the VRS envelopment model identifies the VRS frontier with DMUs exhibiting IRS, CRS, and DRS. In fact, the economic concept of RTS has been widely studied within the framework of DEA. RTS have typically been defined only for single output situations. DEA generalizes the notion of RTS to the multiple-output case. This, in turn, further extended the applicability of DEA.
Law in Judicial Decision-Making

Years of effort by many talented and creative scholars to gauge the influence of law on judicial decision making have produced payoffs, but the payoffs do not seem commensurate with the work that has gone into producing them. After reviewing some of the most important approaches and findings, this essay identifies key obstacles to progress and suggests a new strategy for making more headway against them. The strategy begins by recognizing that ultimately the questions driving empirical and theoretical inquiry into law’s influence are often less about law itself than about the propriety of judicial decision making. The essay concludes with suggestions for empirical questions to complement more familiar ones about the role of law in judges’ decisions.
Ebstein's anomaly. Clinical profile and natural history.

Abstract The clinical features, cardiac catheterization data and natural history of 55 patients with Ebstein's anomaly are presented; 18 had a significant associated cardiac anomaly. The clinical features are usually clear-cut. Cardiac catheterization and angiography demonstrate downward displacement of the tricuspid valve, a large right atrium, no important elevation of the right ventricular pressures, decreased pulmonary blood flow and right to left shunt through the foramen ovale. Right ventricular outflow obstruction may be masked by the low level of pulmonary blood flow and resistance. Intracardiac electrocardiogram is usually diagnostic. The prognosis in these children is relatively poor in the presence of (1) complicating cardiac lesions, (2) more marked cyanosis and (3), to a lesser extent, extreme cardiomegaly. The appearance of congestive heart failure foretells early death ( In neonates presenting with Ebstein's anomaly the incidence of important associated cardiac anomalies is higher, and the clinical picture more variable because of the physiologic adjustments of birth. Cyanosis may be severe only to improve later. The electrocardiogram may show atypical features and exhibit the classic pattern within weeks. Radiographic cardiomegaly may be dramatically out of proportion to the apparent well-being of the infant. Surprisingly gross cardiomegaly is compatible with survival.
Automated scene-specific selection of feature detectors for 3D face reconstruction

In comparison with 2D face images, 3D face models have the advantage of being illumination and pose invariant, which provides improved capability of handling changing environments in practical surveillance. Feature detection, as the initial process of reconstructing 3D face models from 2D uncalibrated image sequences, plays an important role and directly affects the accuracy and robustness of the resulting reconstruction. In this paper, we propose an automated scene-specific selection algorithm that adaptively chooses an optimal feature detector according to the input image sequence for the purpose of 3D face reconstruction. We compare the performance of various feature detectors in terms of accuracy and robustness of the sparse and dense reconstructions. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed selection method from the observation that the chosen feature detector produces 3D reconstructed face models with superior accuracy and robustness to image noise.
Predicting residents' performance: A prospective study

Objective criteria for predicting residents' performance do not exist. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that global assessment by an intern selection committee (ISC) would correlate with the future performance of residents. A prospective study of 277 residents between 1992 and 1999. Global assessment at the time of interview was compared to subsequent clinical (assessed by chief residents) and cognitive performance (assessed by the American Board of Pediatrics in-service training examination). ISC ratings correlated significantly with clinical performance at 24 and 36 months of training (r = 0.58, P < .001; and r = 0.60, P < .001 respectively). ISC ratings also correlated significantly with in-service exam scores in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of training (r = 0.35, P = .0016; r = 0.39, P = 0.0003; r = 0.50, P = 0.005 respectively). Global assessment by an ISC predicted residents' clinical and cognitive performances.
Joints, Biomechanics of

Bones in the skeleton join to form segments or links that provide for the attachment of muscles, ligaments, tendons, and so on. Altogether, these systems of bones and soft tissues, called joints, produce movement for the organism. Joint biomechanics traditionally is a division of biomechanics that studies the effect of forces on the joints of living organisms. Like all other organs, joints are subject to trauma and disease. Development of treatments, devices and exercise regimes for healthy joints, as well as learning from the great variety of naturally existing joints for the purpose of nature-inspired technology, requires a fundamental understanding of the mechanics of joints and joint tissues, and their interaction with the underlying biological mechanisms. At the current state of the art, the definition of joint biomechanics can be broadened to encompass these complex interactions and the relevant technology. It is the purpose of this article to introduce a current understanding of joint biomechanics with an emphasis on the structure, kinematics, kinetics, modeling and joint stability of human joints. A detailed consideration of the mechanics of artifical joints and that of the tissues forming a joint is left for other articles. Keywords: joints; biomechanics; joint mechanics; structure; kinematics; kinetics; modeling; joint stability; motion; joint health; experimental; analysis; human joints; joint tissues
Basophilic stippling: a lead to the diagnosis.

![Figure][1] A 44-year-old male presented with chronic abdominal pain that prompted multiple previous hospitalizations with negative assessments. The patient had a past history of moderate alcohol consumption but none in the past 20 years. There was no occupational exposure. Laboratory tests
Religious Naturalism Today

Three questions are addressed. First, concerning the definition of naturalism, I accept the characterization by Rem Edwards (1972) but insist on a materialist or physicalist interpretation of these features. Second, the distinctive characteristic of my religious naturalism is an argument that although a theological position Based on a physicalist ontology is constrained by physicalism, the ontology itself does not dictate theological content. Theological content can break free of ontology if this content is valuational rather than ontological. Such a valuational theism becomes possible when Rudolf Bultmann's and Fritz Buri's method of existentialist interpretation is wedded to Henry Nelson Wieman's naturalist conception of God. The knowledge of God in events of grace, therefore, is rooted in moments of creative transformation that are themselves always transformative. This approach makes possible a better approach to the problem of objectivity than Bultmann could achieve. Third, concerning the chief issues facing religious naturalism today, I argue that religious naturalists should more forthrightly confront the issue of ontological materialism and that the most pressing issue concerns thinking out more fully the religious or theological content to be ascribed to such a position after the nature of naturalism is resolved.
The partial opioid agonist, buprenorphine, protects against lethal effects of cocaine.

Abstract Buprenorphine (0.3–3.0 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent protection against the lethal effects of cocaine in mice. The (+)-enantiomer of buprenorphine did not protect up to doses over 100 times greater than the lowest effective dose of its (−)-enantiomer. The protective effects were also produced by the opioid agonists morphine and methadone, but not by the opioid antagonist, naltrexone. Low doses of naltrexone (0.3–1.0 mg/kg) blocked the protective effects of buprenorphine. Protection conferred by buprenorphine was not observed in CXBK mice, a recombinant inbred strain relatively devoid of mu-opioid receptors. Thus, buprenorphine appears to protect against the lethal effects of cocaine by a process mediated by mu-opioid receptors. The present results should provide some additional safety assurance in future clinical trials with buprenorphine, especially in outpatient trials where cocaine abuse may continue along with treatment.
SILICON BIOAVAILABILITY STUDIES IN YOUNG RAPIDLY GROWING RATS AND TURKEYS FED SEMIPURIFIED DIETS : A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Two experiments were conducted using completely randomized designs to study the bioavailability of Si from three sources to growing rats and turkeys fed semipurified diets. The basal diets were dextrose-egg albumin for rats and dextrose-casein for turkeys. The Si sources were tetraethylorthosilicate (TES), sodium silicate (NaSil), and sodium zeolite A (NaZA). Rats and turkeys were supplemented at 500 and 270 ppm Si, respectively, from each source. A control group of unsupplemented rats and turkeys was included in each experiment. In general, irrespective of Si source, Si supplementation slowed (p 0.05) differences in growth between the Si sources. In turkeys, NaZA increased (p < 0.05) hematocrit levels and plasma Mg levels. Turkeys on NaZA diets had larger (p < 0.05) hearts and livers than those on NaSil but not TES. Liver Mn content was higher (p < 0.05) in turkeys on NaSil than TES or NaZA. Heart Zn was lower (p < 0.05) in turkeys on NaSil than TES, but not NaZA.
The Measurement of Sliver Properties on the Drawframe

Monitoring applications on the drawframe usually involve the measurement of the linear density of the sliver. However, this measurement is imprecise and inadequate. In this work, variations in fiber grouping and fiber-group length extent were measured on the drawframe. The mass profile in the draft zone was obtained by using a high-speed television camera and analyzed by using image-processing. The mass-profile curve in the draft zone was shown to contain similar information to a Fibrogram beard. In order to obtain the fiber-group length extent, averaging the mass-profile curve over a short length of the strand was necessary to reduce the noise due to variations in the number of floating fibers and in the fiber grouping. The presence of fibers as groups in the sliver leads to a higher thickness irregularity for the strand. A study on the dimensions and the relative number of groups was carried out. The length of the fiber groups was found to be about 1.5 times the nominal fiber length and varied from brea...
Postoperative Toxic Shock Syndrome

We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of postoperative toxic shock syndrome (PTSS) occurring in two community hospitals from 1981-1993, during which time 390,000 surgical procedures were performed. The incidence was 0.003% (12 cases). All wounds in these 12 cases, from those with scant superficial exudates to those with gross purulence, yielded Staphylococcus aureus. All tested isolates were susceptible to methicillin or cephalothin. Patients had a mean maximal temperature of 40 degrees C. All patients had a rash, most in a truncal, "sunburn" pattern. Eleven patients had desquamation. Mean time from surgery to onset of symptoms was 4 days. All patients required vigorous fluid resuscitation. No correlation could be demonstrated between the development of toxic shock syndrome and a patient's age, sex, preoperative skin preparation or administration of antibiotics, members of the surgical team, or duration of procedure. All patients with PTSS survived. PTSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis for the acutely febrile, systemically ill postoperative patient, even when surgical wounds are deceptively benign in appearance. Early recognition and treatment of PTSS is essential for successful outcome.
A systematic review on zinc for the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to examine the evidence on zinc intake from foods and supplements in the primary prevention and treatment of AMD. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort, retrospective cohort, and case-control studies that investigated zinc intake from foods and/or supplements, and AMD in men and women with a mean age of 50 years or older were included. Medline and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to February 2012 and November 2012, respectively. Data extraction and quality appraisal were done on all eligible studies. Results TEN STUDIES WERE INCLUDED: four RCTs, four prospective cohort, and two retrospective cohort studies. Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) showed zinc treatment to significantly reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. The risk of visual acuity loss was of similar magnitude, but not statistically significant. Two RCTs reported statistically significant increases in visual acuity in early AMD patients and one RCT showed no effect of zinc treatment on visual acuity in advanced AMD patients. Results from six cohort studies on associations between zinc intake and incidence of AMD were inconsistent. Conclusions Current evidence on zinc intake for the prevention of AMD is inconclusive. Based on the strength of AREDS, we can conclude that zinc treatment may be effective in preventing progression to advanced AMD. Zinc supplementation alone may not be sufficient to produce clinically meaningful changes in visual acuity.
Evaluation of the presence of B-cell attractant chemokines in chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND B-cell responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis via local IgA and IgE production and activation of eosinophils and mast cells. B-cell attracting chemokines may therefore have relevance in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) Methods: Polyp and inferior turbinate tissues were obtained from CRSwNPs, CRS without NPs (CRSsNPs), and control patients; ELISA and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect levels of protein and mRNA for selected B-cell chemokines (B-cell attracting chemokine 1 [CXCL13/BCA-1/BLC]), thymus expressed chemokine (CCL25/TECK), mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (CCL28/MEC), stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (CXCL12/SDF-1alpha), and selected chemokine receptor genes (CXCR4, CXCR5, and CXCR7). RESULTS BCA-1 and SDF-1alpha protein levels were significantly increased in polyp tissue compared with turbinate tissue from CRSsNP patients and controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Differences in TECK and MEC were not significant. For mRNA, expression of BCA-1 was significantly up-regulated in polyp tissue and levels correlated with CD20 mRNA expression. Additionally, significant up-regulation of mRNA for the SDF-1alpha receptors CXCR7 and CXCR4 was detected in polyps, while there was a trend for up-regulation of the BCA-1 receptor CXCR5. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of the BCA-1 and SDF-1alpha and their receptors may account for an increased presence of B cells and their products, contributing to eosinophilic inflammation in patients with CRSwNP.
Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Unvaccinated High-Risk Young Adults

Oral HPV infection, the cause of most oropharyngeal cancer in the U.S., is not well studied among high-risk young adults. Men (n = 340) and women (n = 270) aged 18-25 years attending Baltimore County STD clinics were recruited if they declined HPV vaccination. Each participant had a 30-second oral rinse and gargle sample tested for 37 types of HPV DNA, and a risk-factor survey. Factors associated with prevalent infection were explored using log binomial regression. Men had higher prevalence of any oral HPV (15.3% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.004) and vaccine-type oral HPV (i.e., HPV16/18/6/11: 5.0% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.007) infection than women. In multivariate analysis, male gender (aPR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.10-3.39), number of recent oral sex partners (p-trend = 0.013) and having ever performed oral sex on a woman (aPR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.06-2.82) were associated with increased oral HPV prevalence. Performing oral sex on a woman may confer higher risk of oral HPV acquisition than performing oral sex on a man.
Magnetic fields and angular momentum in population III star formation

We study the buildup of magnetic fields during the formation of Population III star-forming regions, by conducting magnetohydrodynamic cosmological simulations from realistic initial conditions and varying the Jeans resolution. We find that, while compression results in some amplification, turbulent velocity fluctuations driven by the collapse can further amplify an initially weak seed field via dynamo action, provided there is sufficient numerical resolution to capture vortical motions. We explore saturation of amplification of the magnetic field, which could potentially become dynamically important in subsequent, fully-resolved calculations. We have also identified a relatively surprising phenomena that is purely hydrodynamic: the higher-resolved simulations possess substantially different characteristics, suggesting the possibility that disk formation may be suppressed or delayed with increased hydrodynamic resolution.
The African custom of tooth mutilation in America.

A broad historical sketch of tooth mutilation stresses the role of Negro slaves in introducing the African custom into America, and the possibility of filling in gaps in our knowledge along this line from recovered skeletal remains. As an example of what can be learned, a skeleton found recently in Grenada, West Indies, is described as that of a male Negro, with a West African type of dental mutilation. The individual represented is shown to have been around 35–40 years of age, below average in size, with bandy legs, signs of mild deficency disease, and a variety of dental and periodontal diseases. Geographical and historical factors are reviewed in an effort to decide whether or not he was one of the original slaves or a descendant of a slave. The authors conclude that the circumstances of the find warrant the belief that he had been born in Africa and received his mutilation there. An earlier report of another such find in Barbados, and the mention of a subsequent find in St. Croix, suggest that a more intensive search for Negro remains in the West Indies would prove fruitful.
Basic representations for Eisenstein series from their differential equations

Abstract In this paper we provide a new approach for the derivation of parameterizations for the Eisenstein series. We demonstrate that a variety of classical formulas may be derived in an elementary way, without knowledge of the inversion formulae for the corresponding Schwarzian triangle functions. In particular, we provide a new derivation for the parametric representations of the Eisenstein series in terms of the complete elliptic integral of the first kind. The proof given here is distinguished from existing elementary proofs in that we do not employ the Jacobi–Ramanujan inversion formula relating theta functions and hypergeometric series. Our alternative approach is based on a Lie symmetry group for the differential equations satisfied by certain Eisenstein series. We employ similar arguments to obtain parameterizations from Ramanujan's alternative signatures and those associated with the inversion formula for the modular J-function. Moreover, we show that these parameterizations represent the only possible signatures under a certain assumed form for the Lie group parameters.
Individual differences in emotional creativity: structure and correlates.

The structure and correlates of emotional creativity were explored in a series of six studies, using a specially constructed measure of individual differences—the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). Analyses of the ECI suggest that three facets of emotional creativity can be distinguished empirically as well as theoretically, namely, preparedness (understanding and learning from one’s own and others’ emotions), novelty (the ability to experience unusual emotions), and effectiveness/authenticity (the skill to express emotions adroitly and honestly). Women score higher than men on emotional preparedness and effectiveness/authenticity, but not on the novelty of their responses. People who score high on the ECI are considered by their peers to be more emotionally creative, presumably on the basis of everyday behavior. Associations between emotional creativity as measured by the ECI and a variety of other personality variables (including the Big Five personality traits, mysticism, self-esteem, authoritarianism, locus of control, alexithymia, and ways of coping) are examined, as is the relation between emotional creativity and prior traumatic experiences.
Parental screening for intimate partner violence by pediatricians and family physicians.

Objective. To ascertain and compare the knowledge, practices, and training needs of pediatricians and family physicians regarding intimate partner violence screening and intervention. Methods. Surveys were mailed to national random samples of 1350 pediatricians and 650 family physicians evenly divided between senior residents, practitioners completing their residency training within the last 5 years, and practitioners completing their training >5 years ago. Results. The overall response rate was 37% (41% for pediatricians, 30% for family physicians). Among practicing physicians, only 8% of family physicians and 5% of pediatricians routinely screened a parent for intimate partner violence during well-child and teen visits. Family medicine residents were significantly more likely to routinely screen for intimate partner violence (18%), whereas pediatric residents were not (7%). All groups demonstrated deficits in knowledge of appropriate management of situations of domestic abuse; for example, over 60% of family medicine and 75% of pediatric residents and practitioners agreed with the inappropriate response of always urging a woman to leave her abusive partner immediately. Many physicians indicated a need for more information about domestic violence, ranging from 40% of family medicine residents to 72% of pediatric residents. Residency training and continuing medical education in the prevention of child/adolescent violence and having an office protocol for managing cases involving domestic violence increased the likelihood of parental screening for intimate partner violence. Conclusions. Few child and adolescent primary care physicians routinely screen parents for intimate partner violence and most need more information on this topic. Residency training and continuing medical education on violence prevention, including screening and intervention skills in intimate partner violence, and office protocols for managing cases of domestic violence could increase screening rates.
A model to prevent fibrinolysis in patients with stroke mimics

Background Many patients with stroke-mimicking conditions receive treatment with intravenous fibrinolysis (IVF), a treatment associated with potentially serious complications. We sought to determine if any clinical or radiographic characteristics can help predict stroke mimics among IVF candidates. Methods This retrospective study was carried out at a single institution. Patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA; n=193) were divided into 3 categories: acute ischemic stroke (n = 142), aborted stroke (n = 21), and stroke mimics (n = 30). Analysis of variance and the chi-square test were used to assess differences, while logistic regression models were computed to predict groups. Results Mimics treated with rt-PA did not experience complications (intracranial bleeding, systemic hemorrhage, or angioedema), and had better neurologic and functional outcomes than stroke patients ( P 50 years (OR 7.2; 95% CI 2.8-18.5), and focal weakness (OR 4.15; 95% CI 1.75-9.8). Other variables decreased chances of stroke: migraine history (OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01-0.4), epilepsy (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02-0.8), paresthesia (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.04-0.3), and precordialgia (OR 0.045; 95% CI 0.002-0.9). A regression model using focal weakness, computed tomographic angiography findings, and precordialgia had a 90.2% predictive accuracy. Conclusions IVF has low complication rates in stroke mimics. Certain clinical characteristics appear predictive of stroke mimics, particularly normal computed tomographic angiography. If confirmed, this may help prevent giving IVF to patients without stroke.
The variety effect in free recall as a function of prerecall activity

The enhancement of free recall of object categories represented by varied, as opposed to repeated, specimens was studied when Ss recalled immediately after presentation of the stimuli vs when they worked arithmetic problems for 1 min before recalling. All Ss recalled three times, the second and third recalls in all cases being preceded by 1 min of arithmetic. Results indicated no change in recall over the three trials. However, the varied categories were recalled better than the repeated categories, and the difference was reduced when interpolated activity was required. The interpolated activity was more effective for the female Ss and appeared to depend upon the particular categories that were varied or repeated. The findings were interpreted as indicating the contribution of retrieval processes to the variety effect.
Ground And Aerial Use Of An Infrared Video Camera With A Mid-Infrared Filter (1.45 To 2.0 μm)

A black-and-white infrared (0.9 to 2.2 μm) video camera, filtered to record radiation within the 1.45 to 2.0 μm mid-infrared water absorption region, was evaluated with ground and aerial studies. Imagery of single leaves of seven plant species (four succulent; three nonsucculent) showed that succulent leaves were easily distinguishable from nonsucculent leaves. Spectrophotometric leaf reflectance measurements made over the 1.45 to 2.0 μm confirmed the imagery results. Ground-based video recordings also showed that severely drought-stressed buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) plants were distinguishable from the nonstressed and moderately stressed plants. Moreover, the camera provided airborne imagery that clearly differentiated between irrigated and nonirrigated grass plots. Due to the lower radiation intensity in the mid-infrared spectral region and the low sensitivity response of the camera's tube, these video images were not as sharp as those obtained by visible or visible/near-infrared sensitive video cameras. Nevertheless, our results showed that a video camera with mid-infrared sensitivity has potential for use in remote sensing research and applications.