cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistical Feature Selection From Massive Data in Distribution Fault Diagnosis

Selecting proper features to identify the root cause is a critical step in distribution fault diagnosis. Power engineers usually select features based on experience. However, engineers cannot be familiar with every local system, especially in fast growing regions. With the advancing information technologies and more powerful sensors, utilities can collect much more data on their systems than before. The phenomenon will be even more substantial for the anticipating Smart Grid environments. To help power engineers select features based on the massive data collected, this paper reviews two popular feature selection methods: 1) hypothesis test, 2) stepwise regression, and introduces another two: 3) stepwise selection by Akaike's Information Criterion, and 4) LASSO/ALASSO. These four methods are compared in terms of their model requirements, data assumptions, and computational cost. With real-world datasets from Progress Energy Carolinas, this paper also evaluates these methods and compares fault diagnosis performance by accuracy, probability of detection and false alarm ratio. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of each method for distribution fault diagnosis as well.
Evaluation of an alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectant containing a synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride for immediate and persistent activity against resident hand flora of volunteers and with a novel in vitro pig skin model.

Objective.To evaluate the immediate, persistent and sustained in vivo activity of an alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectant, consisting of a zinc gel and a preservative system containing a synergistic combination of farnesol and benzethonium chloride (ZBF disinfectant), and to develop a pig skin model for in vitro evaluation of the immediate and persistent efficacy of alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectants against resident hand flora.Design.The in vivo immediate, persistent, and sustained activity of ZBF disinfectant was evaluated using human volunteers and the “glove-juice” method described in the US Food and Drug Administration's Tentative Final Monograph (FDA-TFM) for Healthcare Antiseptic Products. A novel in vitro pig skin model was developed to compare the immediate and persistent activity of alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectants against resident flora using Staphylococcus epidermidis as the test organism. Four alcohol-based surgical hand disinfectants were evaluated using this model.Results.The results for the ZBF disinfectant exceed the FDA-TFM criteria for immediate, persistent, and sustained activity required for surgical hand disinfectants. The reduction factors for the 4 hand disinfectants obtained using the pig skin model show good agreement with the log10 reductions in concentrations of hand flora obtained using human volunteers to test for immediate and persistent activity.Conclusion.The ZBF disinfectant we evaluated met the FDA-TFM criteria for surgical hand disinfectants. The immediate and persistent efficacy of the surgical hand disinfectants evaluated with the novel pig skin model described in this study shows good agreement with the results obtained in vivo.
Simulation of the effects of cavitation and anatomy in the shock path of model lithotripters

We report on recent efforts to develop predictive models for the pressure and other flow variables in the focal region of shock wave lithotripters. Baseline simulations of three representative lithotripters (electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric) compare favorably with in vitro experiments (in a water bath). We proceed to model and investigate how shock focusing is altered by the presence of material interfaces associated with different types of tissue encountered along the shock path, and by the presence of cavitation bubbles that are excited by tensile pressures associated with the focused shock wave. We use human anatomical data, but simplify the description by assuming that the tissue behaves as a fluid, and by assuming cylindrical symmetry along the shock path. Scattering by material interfaces is significant, and regions of high pressure amplitudes (both compressive and tensile) are generated almost 4 cm postfocus. Bubble dynamics generate secondary shocks whose strength depends on the density of bubbles and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). At sufficiently large densities, the bubbles also attenuate the shock. Together with experimental evidence, the simulations suggest that high PRF may be counterproductive for stone comminution. Finally, we discuss how the lithotripter simulations can be used as input to more detailed physical models that attempt to characterize the mechanisms by which collapsing cavitation models erode stones, and by which shock waves and bubbles may damage tissue.
Symptoms of Wheeze and Persistent Cough in the First Year of Life: Associations with Indoor Allergens, Air Contaminants, and Maternal History of Asthma

In a cohort of 849 infants with an asthmatic sibling, the authors examined the relations of exposure to allergens (dust mite, cockroach, cat, and dog), nitrogen dioxide, and mold with symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life (1998-2000). Among infants whose mothers had physician-diagnosed asthma, neither dust mite allergen nor dog allergen was associated with either symptom. Exposure to cockroach allergen (Bla g 1 at >or=2 U/g) modestly increased the risk for wheeze (odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94, 3.71), and exposure to cat allergen modestly decreased the risk (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.03). Among infants of mothers with no asthma history, exposure to gas stoves (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.15) and wood-burning stoves (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.91) increased the risk of persistent cough. Similarly, measured nitrogen dioxide concentration was associated with persistent cough (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.40). Persistent mold affected both infants of mothers with asthma (for wheeze, OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.27, 4.07; for cough, OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.22) and infants of mothers without asthma (for cough, OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.31). Reported exposure was confirmed by an association of measured fungi with wheeze (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49). This appears to have been the first study to measure all of these home exposures (indoor allergens, nitrogen dioxide, fungi) and to prospectively measure the frequency of infant wheeze and persistent cough.
Cell bioenergetics in Leghorn male hepatoma cells and immortalized chicken liver cells in response to 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal-induced oxidative stress

The major objectives of this study were to compare cell bioenergetics in 2 avian liver cell lines under control conditions and in response to oxidative stress imposed by 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (4-HNE). Cells in this study were from a chemically immortalized Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cell line and a spontaneously immortalized chicken liver (CELi) cell line. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was monitored in specialized microtiter plates using an XF24 Flux Analyzer (Seahorse Bioscience, Billerica, MA). Cell bioenergetics was assessed by sequential additions of oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), and antimycin-A that enables the determination of a) OCR linked to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase activity, b) mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity, c) proton leak, and d) nonmitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Under control (unchallenged) conditions, LMH cells exhibited higher basal OCR and higher OCR attributed to each of the bioenergetic components listed above compared with CELi cells. When expressed as a percentage of maximal OCR (following uncoupling with FCCP), LMH cells exhibited higher OCR due to ATP synthase and proton leak activity, but lower mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity compared with CELi cells; there were no differences in OCR associated with nonmitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Whereas the LMH cells exhibited robust ATP synthase activity up to 50 μM 4-HNE, CELi cells exhibited a progressive decline in ATP synthase activity with 10, 20, and 30 μM 4-HNE. The CELi cells exhibited higher mitochondrial oxygen reserve capacity compared with LMH cells with 0 and 20 μM 4-HNE but not with 30 μM 4-HNE. Both cell lines exhibited inducible proton leak in response to increasing levels of 4-HNE that was evident with 30 μM 4-HNE for CELi cells and with 40 and 50 μM 4-HNE in LMH cells. The results of these studies demonstrate fundamental differences in cell bioenergetics in 2 avian liver-derived cell lines under control conditions and in response to oxidative challenge due to 4-HNE.
Assessment of patients' and caregivers' informational and decisional needs for left ventricular assist device placement: Implications for informed consent and shared decision-making.

Background Several organizations have underscored the crucial need for patient-centered decision tools to enhance shared decision-making in advanced heart failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decision-making process and informational and decisional needs of patients and their caregivers regarding left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. Methods In-depth, structured interviews with LVAD patients, candidates and caregivers (spouse, family members) ( n = 45) were conducted. We also administered a Decisional Regret Scale. Results Participants reported LVAD decision-making to be quick and reflexive ( n = 30), and deferred heavily to clinicians ( n = 22). They did not perceive themselves as having a real choice ( n = 28). The 2 most prevalent informational domains that participants identified were lifestyle issues (23 items), followed by technical (drive-line, battery) issues (14 items). Participants easily and clearly identified their values: life extension; family; and mobility. Participants reported the need to meet other patients and caregivers before device placement ( n = 31), and to have an involved caregiver ( n = 28) to synthesize information. Some participants demonstrated a lack of clarity regarding transplant probability: 9 of 15 patients described themselves as on a transplant trajectory, yet 7 of these were destination therapy patients. Finally, we found that decisional regret scores were low (1.307). Conclusions Informed consent and shared-decision making should: (a) help patients offered highly invasive technologies for life-threatening disease get past the initial "anything to avoid thinking about death" reaction and make a more informed decision; (b) clarify transplant status; and (c) focus on lifestyle and technical issues, as patients have the most informational needs in these domains.
Growth-Enhancing Supplements for Various Species of the Genus Bifidobacterium

Various biological materials were tested for their growth-promoting activity of several bifidobacterial species in a synthetic medium containing ample sources of inorganic salts, vitamins, nitrogen, and carbon. It was found that only Bifidobacterium adolescentis and B. longum (ATCC 15708) grew optimally or near optimally in the synthetic medium. All the other bifidobacteria tested grew optimally only in the synthetic medium supplemented with a growth promoter. The best growth promoters for all bacteria were bovine casein digest and yeast extract rather than human milk whey. Other growth promoters, including human and bovine milk wheys, hog gastric mucin, and bovine serum albumin digest were effective with some bacterial species but not with others. Bifidobacteria also grew well when the bovine casein digest (20 mg/ml) was used as the nitrogen source. Only the yeast extract was able to improve growth under these circumstances. The nature of these growth factors has not yet been determined.
Utopian Visions of Family Life in the Stalin-Era Soviet Union

Soviet socialism shared with its utopian socialist predecessors a critique of the conventional family and its household economy. Marx and Engels asserted that women's emancipation would follow the abolition of private property, allowing the family to be a union of individuals within which relations between the sexes would be “a purely private affair.” Building on this legacy, Lenin imagined a future when unpaid housework and child care would be replaced by communal dining rooms, nurseries, kindergartens, and other industries. The issue was so central to the revolutionary program that the Bolsheviks published decrees establishing civil marriage and divorce soon after the October Revolution, in December 1917. These first steps were intended to replace Russia's family laws with a new legal framework that would encourage more egalitarian sexual and social relations. A complete Code on Marriage, the Family, and Guardianship was ratified by the Central Executive Committee a year later, in October 1918. The code established a radical new doctrine based on individual rights and gender equality, but it also preserved marriage registration, alimony, child support, and other transitional provisions thought to be unnecessary after the triumph of socialism. Soviet debates about the relative merits of unfettered sexuality and the protection of women and children thus resonated with long-standing tensions in the history of socialism.
Objective measures for hearing loss compensation techniques

Many techniques have been developed to compensate for hearing losses. With each new implementation a subject-based test was needed to verify its quality. The authors have developed objective measures to predict the results of a subject-based test. The measures can be computed directly from the original speech waveform and a speech waveform processed using the compensation technique. Certain parameters are extracted from the frequency spectra of the original speech waveform and used as the input to train a phoneme classifier. A feedforward neural network was used. Then, the same types of parameters were also measured from the processed speech waveform with some constraints of the hearing loss, such as hearing threshold incorporated. The objective measures can be used to predict the performance quality of new techniques being developed. >
A system for automated built-in self-test of embedded memory cores in system-on-chip

A system for automatic generation of built-in self-test (BIST) for embedded memory cores in a system-on-chip (SoC) is presented. The BIST approach tests RAMs of any address and data bus widths and can test both single-port and dual-port RAMs operating in synchronous or asynchronous mode. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) independent BIST model is developed using VHDL. The parameterized VHDL model has been synthesized and used to test various sizes and types of embedded RAMs in SoCs and FPGAs.
An Autopsy of the U.S. Financial System: Accident, Suicide, or Negligent Homicide?

In this postmortem, I find that the design, application, and maintenance of financial policies during the period from 1996 through 2006 were primary causes of the financial system’s demise. The evidence is inconsistent with the view that the collapse of the financial system was caused only by the popping of the housing bubble (“accident”) and the herding behavior of financiers rushing to create and use increasingly complex and questionable financial products (“suicide”). Rather, the evidence indicates that regulatory agencies were aware of the growing fragility of the financial system associated with their policies and yet chose not to modify those policies, suggesting that “negligent homicide” contributed to the financial system’s collapse.
The Use, Nonuse, and Misuse of Low Value Speech

This Article is a paean to the potential, and to some degree actual, contributions ofthe doctrine of low value speech. Although hepraises the
IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT PROCESSES

The relation between experimental psychology and second language acquisition research has gone through at least two major swings of the pendulum. During the heyday of behaviorism, the pendulum swung strongly toward psychology. The behaviorist psychologists advised us to think of language learning as nothing more than habit formation (Mowrer, 1960), and second language learning materials reflected an emphasis on repetition, drill, rewards, practice, and conditioning. During the early years of the cognitive revolution, Chomsky (1959) argued that viewing language as a conditioned response (Skinner, 1957) ignores the complexities of both language structure and cognition. Persuaded by these arguments, second language researchers turned away from behaviorist psychology and sought the explanation for language acquisition in universals of language structure (Dulay & Burt, 1974).
Epigenetic Roles of MLL Oncoproteins Are Dependent on NF-κB

MLL fusion proteins in leukemia induce aberrant transcriptional elongation and associated chromatin perturbations; however, the upstream signaling pathways and activators that recruit or retain MLL oncoproteins at initiated promoters are unknown. Through functional and comparative genomic studies, we identified an essential role for NF-κB signaling in MLL leukemia. Suppression of NF-κB led to robust antileukemia effects that phenocopied loss of functional MLL oncoprotein or associated epigenetic cofactors. The NF-κB subunit RELA occupies promoter regions of crucial MLL target genes and sustains the MLL-dependent leukemia stem cell program. IKK/NF-κB signaling is required for wild-type and fusion MLL protein retention and maintenance of associated histone modifications, providing a molecular rationale for enhanced efficacy in therapeutic targeting of this pathway in MLL leukemias.
Solid-state high-voltage crowbar utilizing series-connected thyristors

High-voltage (HV) crowbars in HV power supplies can often be found in assemblies that are constructed by using series ignitrons or HV switch tubes. They are normally connected across the output of the HV power supplies to protect the load, such as a gyrotron, tetrode, etc., in the case of a HV load fault. The use of ignitrons is being limited and may not be usable in the near future due to environmental concerns. Solid-state HV crowbars are now in development. Presented in this paper is one being developed by General Atomics that has thirty SCRs connected in series to withstand a normal operation voltage of 100 kVDC. The SCRs are triggered at the same time to their full conduction in less than 5 microseconds starting from the time when the crowbar receives the signal to fire. The selected SCRs are capable of turning-on in approximately 2 µs with a current rise of 1000 A/µs. The crowbar assembly can be set up to operate in either positive or negative polarity. In a typical application, simulations show that the crowbar can limit the energy into a load fault to less than four joules. The electrical design will be discussed including selection of the SCRs. For the mechanical design, both positive and negative assemblies will have the same dimensions and the same components, but the SCRs are installed in opposite directions. The estimate dimensions of the crowbar assembly are 46 in. H × 14 in. W × 14 in. D. The crowbar assembly is to be constructed and electrical tests will be performed, the results of which will also be presented. These tests are to demonstrate a solid-state crowbar to replace ignitron-based designs. The design has focused on triggering speed, limiting the on-state voltage drop, fast rate-of-rise of current, ease of adaption to different voltage levels and polarities, and the high voltage electrical and mechanical aspects of the design.
Increased incidence of Hodgkin's disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE: Immune dysregulation associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is linked to an increased risk of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD); however, reports of Hodgkin's disease (HD) after transplantation are rare. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the risk of HD among 18,531 persons receiving allogeneic BMT between 1964 and 1992 at 235 centers. The number of HD cases was compared with that expected in the general population. Risk factors were identified using Poisson regression and a nested case-control study. RESULTS: Risk of HD was increased in the postBMT population compared with the general population with an observed-to-expected incidence ratio (O/E) of 6.2 (observed cases, n = 8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 12). A significantly increased risk of HD remained after excluding two human immunodeficiency virus–positive patients (observed cases, n = 6; O/E = 4.7, 95% CI, 1.7 to 10.3). Mixed cellularity subtype predominated (five of eight cases, 63%). Five o...
HIV testing in an ethnically diverse sample of American university students: associations with violence/abuse and covariates

Associations linking HIV infection to violence and abuse are well documented; however, little is known about how violence/abuse is related to HIV testing behavior, particularly among undergraduate university students, who test at lower rates compared to non-student peers in the United States. We assessed history of HIV testing in an ethnically diverse sample of undergraduates in California (n = 1,210); and examined potential associations between testing and various forms of violence/abuse, while controlling for covariates. Whereas 73.4 % of students were sexually active in the past year, only 26.3 % had ever tested for HIV. At the bivariate level, testing was associated with experiencing verbal abuse and sexual violence/coercion, and perpetrating verbal abuse. Experiencing verbal abuse remained significant in multivariate analysis. We discuss findings in a syndemics framework, considered in combination with social psychology-based health behavior theories. Enhanced HIV testing scale-up initiatives for undergraduates are needed and should consider integration with violence prevention programs.
On the Pedagogical Motive for Esoteric Writing

What evidence and what arguments can be produced in support of the controversial suggestion, first made by Leo Strauss now over 65 years ago, that most earlier philosophers wrote esoterically and, what is more, that they did so, not merely from fear of persecution, but with an eye to enhancing their pedagogical effectiveness? I argue here that the inherent paradoxes of philosophical education combined with the inherent shortcomings of writing led many earlier thinkers to see the pedagogical necessity of something like the “Socratic method.” And esoteric writing—a rhetoric of riddling concealment—is the closest literary approximation to the Socratic method.
Latcrit Educational Leadership and Advocacy: Struggling Over Whiteness as Property in Texas School Finance

In this article, the author seeks to re-imagine the political and policy roles of educational leaders of color, offering an alternative method for educational leadership, advocacy, and policy analysis. The author uses critical race theory (CRT) and Latina/o critical (LatCrit) theory to problematize the way politically-active Mexican American educational leaders used personal and professional experiences to conceptualize racism and organize politically in the context of the debate over school finance equity in Texas. The findings suggest that a prevalent negation of critical raced leadership, analysis, and advocacy among the participants disadvantages Latina/o communities and de-legitimizes Latina/o political voices. The author envisions an alternative educational leadership framework centered on LatCrit theory's call for contextualized, historical, and critical analysis.
Conducting a Randomized Clinical Trial of an Psychological Intervention for Parents/Caregivers of Children with Cancer Shortly after Diagnosis

Objective To report acceptability, feasibility, and outcome data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a brief intervention for caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Method Eighty-one families were randomly assigned following collection of baseline data to Intervention or Treatment as Usual (TAU). Recruitment and retention rates and progression through the protocol were tracked. Measures of state anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms served as outcomes. Results Difficulties enrolling participants included a high percentage of newly diagnosed families failing to meet inclusion criteria (40%) and an unexpectedly low participation rate (23%). However, movement through the protocol was generally completed in a timely manner and those completing the intervention provided positive feedback. Outcome data showed no significant differences between the arms of the RCT. Conclusions There are many challenges inherent in conducting a RCT shortly after cancer diagnosis. Consideration of alternative research designs and optimal timing for interventions are essential next steps.
Gray markets: past, present, and future

This article conducts a literature review on three gray market areas: strategy, legal issues, and consumer behavior. Previous gray market strategy-based articles do not discuss the impact of the Web on gray market activity, limit their analysis to international gray markets, and do not identify situations where gray market activity is profitable for a manufacturer and its authorized resellers. Like the strategy-based articles, the legal issue-based articles confine their discussion to international gray markets. A current US Supreme Court case that expands the potential for gray market activity is discussed. The third research stream focuses on the impact of brand image and brand equity and the relationship of perceived risk and gray market acceptance by consumers. The authors develop an overall strategy for dealing with gray market activity based on balancing positive and negative issues. In some cases, it is prudent for manufacturers and resellers to view gray markets as an alternative strategy to priva...
EEG Following Febrile Status Epilepticus

Investigators at Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY; Columbia University, NY, and 7 additional members of the FEBSTAT study team report the results of a prospective evaluation of the consequences of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) on the EEG of 199 children (median age 15.8 months; range 12-24 months).
PERSONALITY AND PREFERENCE FOR ARCHITECTURAL STYLE1

Summary.-This is a replication of an earlier study relating personality to painting style. As in the previous study we are interested in the relation between fatalism as measured by Rotter's internal vs external locus of control scale and preference for classical vs romantic arc. The prediction that external locus of control (fatalism) is positively related to preference for romantic building and vice versa was confirmed. In a previous study (Juhasz & Paxson, 1978) we demonstraced a positive relation between personality and preference for painting style. Specifically, we showed that fatalism as measured by Rotter's (1966) internal vs external locus of control (I-E) scale was positively related to preference for romantic (surrealist) versus dassical (cubist) paintings. The present study is an exact replication of the previous study except that we are using -architectural stimuli and different historic manifestations of classical and romantic tendencies. The architectural stimuli were color slides of the facades of buildings. The historic manifestations are Renaissance and 1950's International Style and Baroque and 1950's Naturalism, respectively. The prediction is that persons who prefer the Renaissance to the Baroque and the International Style to the Naturalist building facades will have higher internal scores on the I-E scale than those who show the opposite tendency. As in the previous study we controlled for sex of subjects and experimenters. University students, 40 male and 40 female, were the subjects. The subjects were told that they would be seeing some slides and filling out a short written measure. Those who had had a course in architectural history or who recognized more than four of the buildings in the course of the experiment were excluded. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of 4 experimenters, 2 male and 2 female, with the restriction that each experimenter was to run an equal number of male and female students. One-half of the subjects in each group took Rotter's I-E scale first and then made the judgments about the slide pairs and one-half were run in the opposite order. Both the filling out of the I-E scale and the viewing of the slides was done individually with each subject in the same experimental room. The architectural stimuli were 25 pairs of slides, 10 opposed Renaissance
H2O2 opens mitochondrial KATPchannels and inhibits GABA receptors via protein kinase C-ε in cardiomyocytes

Oxygen radicals and protein kinase C (PKC) mediate ischemic preconditioning. Using a cultured chick embryonic cardiomyocyte model of hypoxia and reoxygenation, we found that the oxygen radicals gen...
Monte Carlo Simulations of Silica Polymerization and Network Formation

We present a new model and method for the Monte Carlo simulation of silica polymerization in aqueous solution. We focus on the idea that silica structures are built from corner sharing tetrahedra and these tetrahedra are the basic units of the model. Rather than use a reactive force field, the assembly of tetrahedral units is accomplished via Monte Carlo simulation in the reaction ensemble. The simplicity of the model and the use of the reaction ensemble make it possible to study silica polymerization for quite large system sizes, reaching a high degree of condensation under ambient conditions. We find that the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo simulation protocol can provide a description of the overall polymerization kinetics, after making some key assumptions. Very good agreement is obtained when comparing simulated and experimental evolutions of the Qn distribution as a function of both time and degree of condensation, indicating an approximately linear relationship between physical time and number of Mon...
Uncertainty Analysis of Radiative Heating for Multiple Planetary Entry Cases (Invited)

The objective of this study was to investigate the uncertainty in shock layer radiative heat predictions on the surface of a hypersonic inflatable aerodynamics decelerator during Mars and Titan entries at peak radiative heating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of planetary entry flows and radiative heat predictions possess a significant amount of uncertainty due to the complexity of the flow physics and the difficulty in obtaining accurate experimental results of molecular level phenomena. Sources of uncertainty considered include flow field chemical rate models, molecular band emission, and the excitation/deexcitation rates of molecules modeled with a non-Boltzmann approach. Due to the computational cost of the numerical models, uncertainty quantification was performed with a surrogate modeling approach based on a sparse approximation of the point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos technique. Accurate results were obtained with only 500 samples of the computational model. Baseline results indicated that radiative heating during Titan entry was nearly 10 times greater than that of the predicted radiative heating during Mars entry. These results indicated that worst-case uncertainty intervals of surface radiative heating predictions were as wide as 30 W/cm during Mars entry and 150 W/cm during Titan entry. Global nonlinear sensitivity results show that the contribution of the uncertain parameters to output uncertainty measures changes across the surface during Mars entry, whereas Titan radiation uncertainty is dominated by flow field chemistry uncertainty throughout the flow field.
Free fatty acid turnover measured using ultralow doses of [U-13C]palmitate.

Low intravenous infusion rates of [U-13C]palmitate were used to measure systemic palmitate flux at rest (0.5 nmol . kg-1 . min-1) and during exercise (2 nmol . kg-1 . min-1) in healthy adults. The 13C enrichment of plasma palmitate was determined by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Palmitate flux was also measured using palmitate radiotracers, which were infused simultaneously to serve as a reference method. Flux values obtained using the two different methods were virtually identical. Overnight postabsorptive palmitate flux was measured on four occasions in three individuals; the flux values were highly reproducible with a coefficient of variation of 11% and 12% for intra-day measurement, and 13% and 8% for inter-day measurement, for [1-(14)C]palmitate and [U-(13)C]palmitate, respectively. During exercise, palmitate turnover measured with [U-(13)C]palmitate and [3H]palmitate were well correlated (r = 0.91). Compared to conventional stable isotope approaches, (e.g., [1-(13)C]palmitate analyzed by GC/MS), [U-(13)C]palmitate reduces the tracer dose by two orders of magnitude when the samples are analyzed with GC/C/IRMS. Uniformly labeled [13C]palmitate is suitable for the measurement of free fatty acid flux in humans.
Satisfying Presuppositions in Discourse

Theoretical linguists have long grappled with what is known as the projection problem for presupposition. In this short chapter I demonstrate that what has long been considered a formidable problem requiring a complex solution is in fact a direct consequence of the use of partitioned representations in language understanding.
II. Amenability and Hyperfiniteness

5. Amenable Groups 6. Hyperfiniteness 7. Dye’s Theorem 8. Quasi-invariant Measures 9. Amenable Equivalence Relations 10. Amenability vs. Hyperfiniteness 11. Groups of Polynomial Growth 12. Generic Hyperfiniteness 13. Generic Compressibility
What’s on tablet PC: an introduction to FOAM at home

Free open access medical education (FOAM) is a term broadly used to refer to medical education available at no cost. This education is made accessible through a variety of websites and online social media tools (e.g., Twitter, Google+, etc.). The term FOAM was created because there was much dissention from traditional academics when such education was associated with the term “social media”. As a result, the term FOAM was created as a novel term without the negative connotation of social media. Today, the term FOAM encompasses more than simply online education; it also refers to a growing online community of educators and learners who also use the medium to disseminate and discuss medical information.
Demographic Predictors of Pain Sensitivity: Results From the OPPERA Study

Abstract The demographic factors of sex, age, and race/ethnicity are well recognized as relevant to pain sensitivity and clinical pain expression. Of these, sex differences have been the most frequently studied, and most of the literature describes greater pain sensitivity for women. The other 2 factors have been less frequently evaluated, and current literature is not definitive. Taking advantage of the large Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study cohort, we evaluated the association of sex, age, and self-reported race with 34 measures of pressure, mechanical, and thermal pain sensitivity encompassing threshold and suprathreshold perception. Women were significantly more pain-sensitive than men for 29 of 34 measures. Age effects were small, and only significant for 7 of 34 measures, however, the age range was limited (18–44 years of age). Race/ethnicity differences varied across groups and pain assessment type. Non-Hispanic white individuals were less pain-sensitive than African-American (for 21 of 34 measures), Hispanic (19 of 34), and Asian (6 of 34) individuals. No pain threshold measure showed significant racial differences, whereas several suprathreshold pain measures did. This suggests that racial differences are not related to tissue characteristics or inherent nociceptor sensitivity. Rather, the differences observed for suprathreshold pain ratings or tolerance are more likely related to differences in central nociceptive processing, including modulation imposed by cognitive, psychological, and/or affective factors. Perspective The influence of sex, age, and race/ethnicity on various aspects of pain sensitivity, encompassing threshold and suprathreshold measures and multiple stimulus modalities, allows for a more complete evaluation of the relevance of these demographic factors to acute pain perception.
Oxygen’s Role in Aqueous Gold Cluster Synthesis

The presence of oxygen in thiolate-protected gold nanoparticle synthesis influences product distribution. Oxygen’s diradical nature underlies this effect, and oxygen can be replaced with radical initiators in the synthesis of organosoluble gold nanoclusters. The role of O2 in the synthesis of water-soluble clusters such as Au102(p-MBA)44, Au25(SR)18, as well as the thiol etching of water-soluble colloidal gold particles is not yet established. Herein it is shown that radicals, either from O2 or from radical initiators such as 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, are necessary components for synthesis of water-soluble thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, as well as the etching of aqueous colloidal gold by thiols. Furthermore, air-free synthetic routes to water-soluble gold nanoclusters Au102(SR)44 and Au25(SR)18 are described. Overall, the understanding of the role of radicals in the synthesis of water-soluble gold clusters will allow standardization of often difficult to reproduce syntheses that attract increasing attention...
Isocarboxazid. Efficacy and tolerance.

Abstract In a double-blind study, isocarboxazid was found to have greater efficacy than placebo. Patients with weight gain, increased appetite, and increased sleep responded particularly well, with a rapid onset of improvement that was apparent by one week. Their response to placebo was poor. Using a flexible dose, the modal range was 30–60 mg per day. Higher doses were poorly tolerated. At the doses used, side effects were generally mild, the most common being dizziness and myoclonus.
PEILLON, Michel, WELFARE IN IRELAND; Actors. Resources, and Strategies

PEILLON, Michel, WELFARE IN IRELAND; Actors. Resources, and Strategies. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2001, 193pp., $62.50 hardcover.Peillon's work represents a significant departure from the descriptive atheoretical case studies that dominated early social welfare inquiries. He responds to the clarion call to integrate theory and research. Theory, conceptual schema, historical accounts, and quantitative data are combined in this sociological analysis of Ireland's welfare institutions and practices. The result is a case study that has implications for further research on comparative issues. This comprehensive book is strengthened by Peillon's previous work on social welfare systems, some of which is included in the text.Pierre Bourdieu's notion of a social field and related concepts frame the analysis. Both the wider social contexts of social policy programs as well as the internal dynamics are emphasized. Peillon's three ambitious foci are to apply theory to provide understanding and explanation; to address comparative issues in the welfare studies literature; and, to outline the historical development and current characteristics of the Irish welfare system. Consequently, he avoids the common trap of using selective policy illustrations from different countries in a haphazard way to bolster a particular view. Peillon's account provides prospects for rigorous comparisons and the formulation of valid generalizations.Each focus is addressed in a separate section, although overlap occurs. A thorough introduction is followed by a groundwork description of the Irish welfare system and a summary of Bourdieu's concepts. Part One identifies the main players in the welfare field and their stakes. Part Two explores the dynamics within the system through strategies and practices. Highlighted are the forces associated with significant advances, the changing mix of major players over time and across programs, fitting the Irish system into Esping-Andersen's classification scheme, and the influence of Ireland's peripherality. The results are recapitulated in the conclusion and Peillon argues for a further exploration of capital conversion rates.Peillon's use of Bourdieu's field concent offers manv intriguing insights into the role of culture, traditions, and institutions in the development of the Irish welfare svstem. Different actors struggle to dominate and shape the welfare system for their own purposes. These struggles are at the heart of the book. The state. Catholic Church, trade unions, business federations, voluntary organizations including partnerships, and feminist movement are emphasized in explaining the evolution and characteristics of the welfare system. …
Authors’ Reply to “Comments on ‘0.73–1.03-GHz Tunable Bandpass Filter With a Reconfigurable 2/3/4-Pole Response”’

The authors appreciate the comments made by Du and Cai [1] that point out errors in [2] .
Closing Thoughts on the Future

The concluding chapter discusses the challenges that remain for women, suggestions for moving forward, and thoughts about what the future may hold given the current trends and conditions in the country.
Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to late blight in tomato

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Montagne, Bary) is a devastating disease of tomato worldwide. There are three known major genes, Ph-1, Ph-2, and Ph-3, conferring resistance to late blight. In addition to these three genes, it is also believed that there are additional factors or quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to late blight. Precise molecular mapping of all those major genes and potential QTL is important in the development of suitable molecular markers and hence, marker-assisted selection (MAS). The objective of the present study was to map the genes and QTL associated with late blight resistance in a tomato population derived from intra-specific crosses. To achieve this objective, a population, derived from the crossings of NC 1CELBR × Fla. 7775, consisting of 250 individuals at F2 and F2-derived families, were evaluated in replicated trials. These were conducted at Mountain Horticultural Crops Reseach & Extension Center (MHCREC) at Mills River, NC, and Mountain Research Staion (MRS) at Waynesville, NC in 2011, 2014, and 2015. There were two major QTL associated with late blight resistance located on chromosomes 9 and 10 with likelihood of odd (LOD) scores of more than 42 and 6, explaining 67% and 14% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. The major QTLs are probably caused by the Ph-2 and Ph-3 genes. Furthermore, there was a minor QTL on chromosomes 12, which has not been reported before. This minor QTL may be novel and may be worth investigating further. Source of resistance to Ph-2, Ph-3, and this minor QTL traces back to line L3707, or Richter’s Wild Tomato. The combination of major genes and minor QTL may provide a durable resistance to late blight in tomato.
Intuitionism and Nihilism

Intuitionism and nihilism, according to nihilists, have key features in common: the same semantics and the same phenomenology. Intuitionism is the object of nihilism’s attack. The central charge nihilism lodges against intuitionism is that its nonnatural moral properties are queer. Here I’ll examine what ‘queer’ might mean in relation to the doctrines nihilism uses to support this charge. My investigation reveals that nihilism’s queerness charge lacks substance and resembles a tautology served with a frown. There’s really nothing to it. After I show that, I’ll offer an explanation for why nihilism has gotten intuitionism wrong. It makes a central mistaken methodological assumption and doesn’t target any identifiable intuitionism in the last hundred or so years.
Peer-Led Self-Management of General Medical Conditions for Patients With Serious Mental Illnesses: A Randomized Trial.

Objective:Individuals with serious mental illnesses have high rates of general medical comorbidity and challenges in managing these conditions. A growing workforce of certified peer specialists is available to help these individuals more effectively manage their health and health care. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of peer-led programs for self-management of general medical conditions for this population.Methods:This randomized study enrolled 400 participants with a serious mental illness and one or more chronic general medical conditions across three community mental health clinics. Participants were randomly assigned to the Health and Recovery Peer (HARP) program, a self-management program for general medical conditions led by certified peer specialists (N=198), or to usual care (N=202). Assessments were conducted at baseline and three and six months.Results:At six months, participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant differential improvement in the primary stu...
Visual Diagnosis: Recurrent Seizures and Concomitant Skin Changes in a 16-year-old Boy

1. Neha Gupta, MD* 2. Saurabh Talathi, MD, MPH* 3. Yenimar Ventura, MD* 4. Sergey Prokhorov, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY A 16-year-old Hispanic boy with a history of intermittent asthma presents to the emergency department (ED) with recurrent unprovoked seizures. The first episode was 2 weeks before this visit and was characterized by generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GCTSs), with a postictal phase of 10 minutes. He was seen in the ED during that episode, with normal findings on examination and evaluation, including a complete blood cell count, chemistry, liver function tests, urine toxicology, and a computed tomographic (CT) scan. During the current visit, he presents with a history of 2 episodes of unprovoked GTCSs 4 hours apart. The first episode lasted 5 minutes, followed by a postictal phase of 5 minutes. In the ED, he has normal physical examination findings and is discharged on oral oxcarbazepine with a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. Before starting the prescribed medication, he develops another episode of GCTSs, approximately 7 to 8 minutes, with no postictal phase. Each of these episodes were preceded by coughing spells lasting 10 to 20 minutes. He has no history of fever, head trauma, recent travel, drug intake, medication use, or sick contacts. In the ED, his vital signs are normal except for intermittent bradycardia (heart rate, 60 beats/min). Physical examination findings are normal except for bite marks on the right side of the tongue. Results of a complete blood cell count, chemistry, liver function tests, and urinalysis are within normal limits. Urine toxicology results are negative. Findings from electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are normal. The patient is started on divalproex. Primary generalized epilepsy is suspected by the ED physician for undocumented reasons, …
The use of mobile learning in higher education: A systematic review

Abstract Mobile device ownership has exploded with the majority of adults owning more than one mobile device. The largest demographic of mobile device users are 18–29 years old which is also the typical age of college attendees. This systematic review provides the scholarly community with a current synthesis of mobile learning research across 2010–2016 in higher education settings regarding the purposes, outcomes, methodologies, subject matter domains, educational level, educational context, device types and geographical distribution of studies. Major findings include that the majority of the studies focused on the impact of mobile learning on student achievement. Language instruction was the most often researched subject matter domain. The findings reveal that 74% involved undergraduate students and 54% took place in a formal educational context. Higher education faculty are encouraged to consider the opportunity to expand their learning possibilities beyond the classroom with mobile learning.