cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving trust in context-aware applications with intelligibility

Since context-aware applications use implicit sensing and increasingly complex decision making, they may make mistakes or users may misunderstand their actions. This may hinder trust and adoption of context-aware applications. We hypothesize that making these applications intelligible by explaining themselves to users would help counter this lack of trust. The proposed thesis would contribute to context-aware computing by (i) understanding the need to explain these applications to users, (ii) understanding the benefits and trade-offs of providing intelligibility, and (iii) providing toolkit support intelligibility to ultimately improve the trust, adoption of, and sustained use context-aware systems.
Effective area of satellite-borne antennas for radio astronomy☆

Abstract The problem of interpreting measurements on satellite-borne linear antennas is examined. Definitions of antenna parameters, such as effective area, are made in terms of physically observable quantities. Possible sources of error in applying conventional antenna formulae are pointed out. The short linear antenna is given as a specific example.
Respiratory functions of the blood of the nutria and the woodchuck.

Abstract 1. 1. Respiratory functions of blood of two large rodents, nutrias woodchucks, were studied and comparisons of the position of the oxygen dissociation curve were established. The p 50 value (where HbO 2 = Hb) at 37°C and pH 7·40 was found to be 27 mm Hg for the nutria and 25 mm Hg for the woodchuck. 2. 2. Measurements were also made of hematocrit, number of erythocytes and hemoglobin concentration in each species. 3. 3. The Bohr and Haldane effects were also measured. 4. 4. A comparison is made of gas transport mechanisms found in these two species with those of small rodents studies in previous experiments. Their hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than is the case with smaller rodents. 5. 5. It is concluded that many factors including size, habitat and physiological activities are involved in the evolution of the gas transport mechanisms.
Supportive Care in the Management of Colon Cancer

Patients with colorectal cancer present a number of supportive care challenges including those related to the underlying disease, such as gastrointestinal obstruction, nausea, anorexia, and fatigue, and those caused by the treatments, such as oral mucositis, neuropathy, and chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Unique toxicities can accompany specific routes of administration of colon cancer drugs such as hand-foot syndrome with oral capecitabine and continuous infusion fluorouracil and biliary sclerosis with intrahepatic arterial floxuridine. The newer targeted therapies also present new toxicities, such as cardiovascular events and wound-healing complications with bevacizumab and rash and hypomagnesemia with cetuximab. Recent additions to the therapeutic armamentarium have presented new challenges, such as oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome, cetuximab-induced rash, and bevacizumab-associated arterial thrombotic events, bowel perforation, hypertension, and wound-healing complications. This article focuses on the prevention and management of several of these more common symptoms and toxicities.
Superhydrophobic Behavior of a Perfluoropolyether Lotus-Leaf-like Topography

We demonstrate the fabrication of 2-D arrays of nanopillars made from perfluoropolyether derivatives using a porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane as a template. Pretexturing the aluminum prior to anodization enables one to engineer multiple morphological length scales and thereby synthesize a lotus-leaf-like topography. Both nanopillars on a flat surface and on a lotus-leaf-like topology exhibit superhydrophobicity, low contact angle hysteresis, and self-cleaning.
Bayle historien et critique du matérialisme dans le dictionnaire

Bayle affirme que les atomistes auraient du rester fideles a une curieuse these attribuee au fondateur de l'atomisme, Democrite, a savoir que les atomes ont une âme. En effet, montre Bayle par plusieurs arguments, il est impossible que la pensee emerge de la matiere. Des lors, l'atomisme doit se donner d'emblee la pensee comme presente dans chacun des atomes. Dans la meme ligne, Bayle montre que, plus generalement, tout materialisme consequent doit etre un panpsiquismo : toutes les parties de la matiere doivent penser, et penser toujours. Mais cela conduit a des consequences difficilement acceptables, telles que des cadavres pensants. De plus, le conseil qu'il donne aux materialistes (suivre Democrite) est une mesure qu'il croit en realite inapplicable, puisque selon Bayle la pensee est incompatible avec l'etendue, leurs proprietes etant opposees et chaque substance n'ayant qu'un attribut. Ce que Bayle entend donc faire, dans cette fantaisie historique sur Democrite, est de reduire le materialisme a une position absurde.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in diarrheic and healthy dogs.

The objectives of this study were to examine the potential roles of Clostridium difficile and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in diarrhea in dogs by comparison of isolation, determination of toxin status via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques were used to evaluate fecal specimens in 132 healthy and diarrheic dogs. These dogs were prospectively evaluated by grouping them into the following 3 categories: hospitalized dogs with diarrhea (n = 32), hospitalized dogs without diarrhea (n = 42), and apparently healthy outpatient dogs without diarrhea (n = 58). All fecal specimens were cultured using selective media for C difficile, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. and selective media after heat shock for C perfringens. No significant difference was found in the isolation of C perfringens or C difficile among the 3 groups. A significant association was found between the presence of diarrhea and detection of C perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) or toxin A via ELISA for both C perfringens and C difficile, respectively. PCR performed on C difficile isolates for toxin A and toxin B genes revealed no significant differences among the 3 groups, but diarrheic dogs were significantly more likely to be positive for the enterotoxin gene of C perfringens. Based on the results of this study, the use of ELISA for detection of CPE in feces combined with the detection of enterotoxigenic fecal isolates obtained via heat shock provides the strongest evidence for the presence of C perfrigences-associated diarrhea.
EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF POLICIES TO PROMOTE ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES

Alternative motor fuels have been advocated in the name of energy security, regional air quality, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and even economic savings. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) sets a goal of replacing 30 percent of conventional fuel use with alternative fuels by 2010. Earlier analysis using a single-period equilibrium model demonstrated the feasibility of EPACT's replacement goals. This earlier analysis, however, assumed mature markets with large-scale vehicle production and the widespread availability of alternative fuels at retail stations. These conditions are not currently attained. To better assess what may be necessary to achieve mature, large-scale alternative fuel and vehicle markets, the authors use the transitional alternative fuels and vehicles model and simulate market outcomes for the use and cost of alternative fuels and vehicles over the time period of 1996 to 2010, considering possible transitional barriers related to infrastructural needs and production scale. Prices...
Multimodality therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Few reports exist detailing results of multimodality treatment for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. We have treated 28 such patients using a preoperative regimen consisting of two courses of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with radiation (either 3,000 or 3,600 cGy). There were 25 men and 3 women (mean age, 62.9 years; range, 35 to 86 years), and 16 patients were known to have Barrett's esophagus. Dysphagia was present for a mean of 2.7 months, and the average weight loss was 6.5 kg. Tumors ranged from 2 to 10 cm in length (mean, 5.2 ± 1.8 cm) with American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage I in 2 patients, stage II in 19 patients, and stage III in 7. Dysphagia improved in 23 patients (82%), and in 8 (29%) no tumor was detected during radiologic and endoscopic staging after neoadjuvant therapy. Four patients refused operation. Esophagectomy via standard Ivor Lewis approach was accomplished in 20 of 24 patients (87%) undergoing operation. There were no operative deaths, and mean hospital stay was 15.5 ± 11.6 days. Four patients (17%) were complete responders with no tumor in the resected specimen. Actuarial survival in the 28 patients at 1, 2, and 3 years is 71%, 28%, and 20% respectively. Of the 20 esophagectomy patients, 6 are alive with no evidence of disease at 10, 50, 54, 70, 77, and 84 months. Three of these were complete responders. Only 1 of the 8 patients not undergoing resection is alive at 16 months with no evidence of disease after further radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These data suggest that preoperative combined modality therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is safe and effective treatment. It results in excellent symptomatic improvement, a complete response rate of 17%, and a significant chance for long-term survival.
Sources of Score Scale Inconsistency

For testing programs that administer multiple forms within a year and across years, score equating is used to ensure that scores can be used interchangeably. In an ideal world, samples sizes are large and representative of populations that hardly change over time, and very reliable alternate test forms are built with nearly identical psychometric properties. Under these conditions, most equating methods produce score conversions close to the identity function. Unfortunately, equating is sometimes performed on small non-representative samples with variable distributions of ability, and administered tests are built to vague specifications. Here, different equating methods produce different results because they are based on different assumptions. In the nearly ideal case, there are smaller deviations from the identity function because great effort is taken to control variation. Even when equating is conducted under these desirable conditions, the random variation in form-to-form equating, when concatenated over time, can produce substantial shifts in score conversions, that is, scale drift. In this paper, we make distinctions among different sources of variation that may contribute to score-scale inconsistency, and identify practices that are likely to contribute to it.
On the Role of Autonomous Control in Organ Development.

The role of feedback in the mature human body is well-studied and well-appreciated. For a good overview of the topic, please see Chapter 1 of the classic text Vander's Human Physiology [1]. A classic example is body temperature control where an internal temperature set point of 37 °C is maintained irrespective of environmental factors. We refer to 37 °C as a relatively stable set point because minor fluctuations are permitted, and certain conditions such as a fever, when the body is fighting off infection, require a higher set point. This paper considers set point regulation during biomechanical feedback, i.e., stress and strain information are fedback to effect some necessary mechanical action. A classic example—and one that illustrates the importance of positive feedback in the human body—is uterine contractions during parturition (childbirth). The stretching of the cervix (the opening of the uterus) induces uterine contractions, which stretch the cervix even more leading to stronger contractions. This positive biomechanical feedback, along with other hormonal positive feedback mechanisms, is vital for proper conclusion of labor and childbirth [1–3]. While biomechanical feedback in mature animals and humans has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about its effects during embryonic development. During development, many of the familiar organs change shape dramatically. This process is known as morphogenesis (from Greek morphe, shape, and genesis, creation, literally creation of shape). The heart, for instance, starts out as a straight tube before bending and twisting in a complex process called “looping” until the familiar four-chambered pump is realized [4]. Developmental processes can be divided into sequential morphogenetic (i.e., shape change) events. Each of these morphogenetic events has a distinct initial shape and a distinct final shape. For instance, in early cardiac looping, the initial shape is a straight cylindrical tube while the final shape is a curved tube. This process is called “c-looping” because the final shape resembles the letter “c.” There are a variety of mechanical processes that can transform a straight tube into a c-shaped tube; but the interesting point is that the final shape is distinct. Once the “c”-shaped tube is obtained, bending stops (Fig. ​(Fig.1).1). Like the temperature control example, the embryo somehow has a sense for the correct final shape (which can be thought of as a set point). This paper will explore some control strategies that the embryo can employ to sense the correct final shape. It was previously thought that genes micromanage the whole process; but, recent evidence indicates that genes play a more supervisory role while a variety of morphogenetic mechanisms are self-regulatory [5–7]. Fig. 1 Cardiac c-looping in the chick embryo with hearts shown enclosed in the dotted rectangle. At 36 h of incubation (a), the chick heart is simply a straight tube flanked by the primitive atria. At 48 h of incubation (b), the straight tube ...
Integrable many-body problems and functional equations

On etablit des conditions necessaires pour l'integrabilite d'une classe de problemes a n corps quantiques
Test of cranking plus RPA on an exactly soluble backbending model

Abstract Self-consistent cranking with additional RPA correlations is tested on the exactly soluble R(5) model of Krumlinde and Szymanski. Excellent agreement between approximate and exact solutions is obtained excepting a couple of points very near the critical spin.
Cholecystokinin antagonist lorglumide reverses chronic haloperidol-induced effects on dopamine neurons

Abstract Intravenous administration of the cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist lorglumide (LORG) reversed chronic haloperidol (CHAL)-induced depolarization inactivation (DI) of dopamine (DA) cells in both the A9 and A10 areas. Moreover, microinjection of LORG, but not naloxone, directly into the medial nucleus accumbens (mNAc) dose-dependently reveresed CHAL-induced effect. LORG injected into other brain regions was without effect. These results suggest that CCK receptors in the mNAC form an important link for maintaining CHAL-induced DI of DA cells and that CCK is involved in the therapeutic action of antipsychotic drugs.
A pandemic influenza modeling and visualization tool

The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza outlines a plan for community response to a potential pandemic. In this outline, state and local communities are charged with enhancing their preparedness. In order to help public health officials better understand these charges, we have developed a visual analytics toolkit (PanViz) for analyzing the effect of decision measures implemented during a simulated pandemic influenza scenario. Spread vectors based on the point of origin and distance traveled over time are calculated and the factors of age distribution and population density are taken into effect. Healthcare officials are able to explore the effects of the pandemic on the population through a geographical spatiotemporal view, moving forward and backward through time and inserting decision points at various days to determine the impact. Linked statistical displays are also shown, providing county level summaries of data in terms of the number of sick, hospitalized and dead as a result of the outbreak. Currently, this tool has been deployed in Indiana State Department of Health planning and preparedness exercises, and as an educational tool for demonstrating the impact of social distancing strategies during the recent H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak.
First-Principles Determination of the Absolute Hydration Free Energy of the Hydroxide Ion†

The absolute hydration free energy of the hydroxide ion, Δ (HO-), a fundamental quantity in solution chemistry, has “experimental” values ranging from −90.6 to −110.0 kcal/mol. We report a first-principles determination of Δ (HO-) by using a reliable computational protocol of high-level first-principles supermolecule-continuum calculations, the same approach recently used to determine the absolute hydration free energy of the proton. In the supermolecule-continuum approach, part of the solvent surrounding the solute is treated quantum mechanically, and the remaining bulk solvent is approximated by a dielectric continuum medium accounted for by a recently developed self-consistent reaction field model known as surface and volume polarization for electrostatic interaction (SVPE) or the fully polarizable continuum model (FPCM). With this approach, the calculated results can systematically be improved by increasing the number of quantum mechanically treated solvent molecules, and Δ (HO-) is accurately predict...
The measurement of plasma vitellogenin levels in a marine teleost, the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) by homologous radioimmunoassay.

Abstract 1. 1. Vitellogenin was purified from plasma of estrogen-treated spotted seatrout ( Cynoscion nebulosus ) and was shown to be a protein of approximately 200,000 mol. wt. 2. 2. Antisera were raised against the isolated protein and were used to develop a radioimmunoassay for spotted seatrout vitellogenin. 3. 3. The substance measured was shown to be female-specific, hepatically-derived, estrogen-inducible and immunologically related to oocyte yolk proteins. 4. 4. Vitellogenin levels in the plasma of female spotted seatrout were shown to rise dramatically during the period of ovarian recrudescence.
T-cell responses against chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: implications for immunotherapy

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are ineffective antigen-presenting cells (APCs) although CD40-activated CLL cells can stimulate proliferation of autologous and allogeneic T cells. We examined the antigen-presenting capacity of CD40-activated CLL cells as well as dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic bodies of CLL cells to generate autologous and allogeneic immune responses against CLL cells. Both APC types were capable of generating T-cell lines that proliferate specifically in response to unstimulated CLL cells. Whereas cytotoxic responses against stimulated and unstimulated CLL cells could be repeatedly generated by allogeneic healthy donors, autologous cytotoxic immune responses against CD40-activated and native CLL cells were rarely detected. However, T cells isolated from patients with CLL could recognize and lyse allogeneic stimulated and unstimulated CLL cells, demonstrating that cytotoxic T cells from these tumor-bearing patients are functionally intact.
Leaf water potential of differentially salinized plants

Water and osmotic potential energies were measured with thermocouple psychrometers, at intervals during a 4-week period, in growing leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, var. Blue Lake) and barley (Hordeum vulgare, var. Liberty) plants having roots equally split between 2 differentially salinized nutrient solutions. The osmotic potentials of plants with half their roots in saline solutions were about halfway between the osmotic potentials of plants grown in nonsaline solutions and those grown in saline solutions. By the end of the 4-week measurement period, the beans and barley were almost mature. The final dry weights of shoots of plants with half their roots in saline solutions were about halfway between the dry weights of the shoots of plants grown in nonsaline solutions and the dry weights of those in saline solutions. The results obtained showed that the degree of osmotic adjustment and the rate of growth were functions of the proportion of the root system exposed to saline conditions.
Readout electronics for the MicroBooNE LAr TPC, with CMOS front end at 89K

MicroBooNE experiment will use a ~ 100 ton Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detector, presently under construction, to observe interactions of neutrinos from the on-axis Booster Neutrino Beam and off-axis NuMI Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The experiment will address the low energy excess observed by the MiniBooNE experiment, measure low energy neutrino cross sections, and serve as the necessary next step in a phased program towards massive Liquid Argon TPC detectors. An overview of the front end readout architecture of the MicroBooNE experiment will be presented. The design, prototypes and the production electronics system, comprised of cold CMOS electronics, warm interface electronics and TPC digitizing electronics will be described in some detail. The results of extensive tests on the noise versus temperature and of the uniformity of response will be presented.
A Medicare cost comparison of minor cutaneous procedures by surgical setting.

Background: Regulations that cause minor cutaneous procedures to be moved from the physician's office to an ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or hospital may have the potential to unnecessarily incre...
Mass spectra of bithiophthalide and related compounds

High resolution mass spectra of biphlhalidu (1), bithiophthalide (2), and thioindigo (3) were investigated and the major fragmentation patterns were elucidated. The simultaneous loss of two sulfur atoms from the molecular ion of 2 was particularly noteworthy.
Effects of process parameters on bondability in ultrasonic ball bonding

Abstract A mechanism was proposed to explain the effects of process parameters on bondability in ultrasonic ball bonding. The bondability was determined by the slip area at the bonding interface induced by the evolution of plastic deformation. The occurrence of bonding only at the periphery was attributed to partial slip at the bonding interface.
Isotopic tellurium targets for heavy-ion nuclear physics produced by vapor deposition

Abstract 122 Te targets of 1-mg/cm 2 thickness were prepared on various substrates by vapor deposition using resistive heating. Substrate preparation proved crucial for the production of these targets. Experiments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory ATLAS Facility showed the targets to be of high purity with no detectable contamination. In addition, we have had limited success preparing self-supported, 300 μg/cm 2 thick, isotopic tellurium foils.
A comparison of mathematical models for a recycling cascade in glycogenolysis

Abstract Mathematical models are derived which describe a cyclic-AMP initiated recycling enzyme cascade for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase. The components of the cascade are protein kinase, phosphorylase kinase, phosphorylase kinase phosphatase, phosphorylase, and phosphorylase phosphatase. Two classes of models are formulated and compared. The models differ only in the molecular hypothesis for activation of protein kinase by cyclic-AMP; in one case the assumption leads to second order kinetics, in the other third order kinetics are indicated. Amplification and a fast response time are the prime features of both classes of models for the activation of phosphorylase. The role of free calcium in optimizing the activation and deactivation of the cascade is discussed.
Inference to the loveliest explanation

L'A. demontre que les arguments que P. Lipton developpe sur la base de sa these causale de la comprehension sont invalides et que les nombreux criteres qu'il fournit pour expliquer la beaute ne sont autres que les principes de la structure causale du monde
New derivatives of quinuclidine as potential antihypertensive agents.

Five new 3-aminoalkoxy derivatives of quinuclidine have been synthesized. All compounds reduced blood pressure in dogs to varying degrees, the most effective being 3-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy) quinuclidine. The evidence points to ganglionic blockade as the principal mechanism of action with the possibility that it may also be due to some direct depressant action on the cardiovascular system.
Populations in the U.S. workforce who rely on voice as a primary tool of trade: a preliminary report.

Summary The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and other sources wereconsulted about the percentages of the working population that we identified as professional voice users. The largest percentage may be in sales and sales related occupations (13%), but the exact breakdown of those who approach their clients vocally rather than by mail is still uncertain. The second largest population is teachers, who comprise 4.2% percent of the U.S. workforce (1994 statistic). Teachers have been identified as having the greatest incidence of voice disorders. Population data are also given for professional voice users who could present a significant hazard to public safety if their vocal communication skills were severely impaired.
Race and Imperialism in the New Millennium: A New Global Approach to Korean America

The YCC parents know about the hagwon but cannot afford to send their children. As educational strategies, they rely on their children's public schools, which in turn often marginalize them. In some cases, the parents embark on a series of transfers of their children through the public school system in search of a better match. While the latter strategy is well intentioned, it only has the effect of further isolating their children as the youth struggle to adapt to a host of new environments without adequate supports. As a small point, a map charting where the YCC and MH youth lived in Queens and more information on the schools they attended would give us a better picture of the differences in their economic and racial isolation within these important contexts. Lew raises some key points that scholars of education should pay attention to in our future work. For example, she notes that the MH parents turn to the hagwon not only to compensate for their own limitations but also those of the magnet high school. It would be interesting to learn more about the advantages and limitations of magnet high schools, particularly for immigrant and/or minority children, as a way of unpacking the diversity of experiences in such high academically performing schools. Further, while some of the MH students come from families with lower socioeconomic status, Lew finds that they have had previous interactions with co-ethnics from a higher social status. It would be worth examining how some working-class immigrant youth are able to interact with co-ethnics across class lines, and to benefit from this interaction, and how
A note on bottom-up skew heaps

In testing Sleator and Tarjan’s skew heap implementations of priority queues, a problem with the bottom-up variant was found. The original definition of skew heaps includes the assumption that the keys of items in the heap are disjoint. When this is not true, the delete min operation on bottom-up skew heaps will occasionally discard items from the heap. Modified versions of the delete min algorithm are presented which do not require this assumption.
Resistivity of Inhomogeneous Quantum Wires

We study the effect of electron-electron interactions on the transport in an inhomogeneous quantum wire. We show that contrary to the well-known Luttinger liquid result, nonuniform interactions contribute substantially to the resistance of the wire. In the regime of weakly interacting electrons and moderately low temperatures we find a linear in T resistivity induced by the interactions. We then use the bosonization technique to generalize this result to the case of arbitrarily strong interactions.
Sexonomics: a commentary and review of selected sexually transmitted disease studies in the economics literature.

Background: The purpose of this review is to highlight selected studies in the economics literature that address sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related topics that are typically not examined in the STD literature. Methods: Two databases (EconLit and Web of Science) were searched to locate STD-related articles in the economics journals. Relevant articles were also identified in other ways, such as informal discussions with colleagues familiar with the literature. To maintain a focus on unique STD-related topics, studies with topics common in the STD literature (e.g., cost-effectiveness, transmission modeling) were excluded. Results: Selected STD-related studies in the economics literature were grouped into the following 8 topics: impact of abortion laws and policies on sexual health outcomes; same-sex marriage and syphilis rates; alcohol policy and STD rates; welfare laws and STD rates; discounting the future; HIV disclosure laws; the impact of tolerance for gays on HIV incidence; and economic versus epidemiologic models of HIV dynamics. Conclusions: A general theme of STD-related studies in the economics literature is that laws and policies that increased the “cost” of risky sex tended to reduce the demand for risky sex, and therefore reduce the incidence of STDs. Economic research can contribute in novel ways to our understanding of influences on risky sexual behavior at the individual level and STD incidence at the population level. Economists and STD experts could mutually benefit from increased collaboration.
Simulation of EHV Transmission Line Flashovers Initiated by, Bird Excretion

During the past two years, unexplained flashovers have caused 32 outages on the Bonneville Power Administration 500 kV ac transmission lines. Tests reported in this paper indicate that some of these unexplained flashovers may have been caused by large birds and leave little or no evidence of the cause. It is also shown that this mechanism may cause flashovers on ehv dc transmission lines.
α-Methyl-l-glutamic acid uptake by high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system in Streptococcus faecalis

The transport of alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid was studied in Streptococcus faecalis. Energey-dependent uptake against substantial concentration gradients was observed. Kinetic experiments indicated that, in contrast to L-glutamic acid, only a single catalytic component (high affinity) and a diffusion controlled process participated in alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid uptake. At concentrations up to 10 mM, alpha-methyl-glutamate transport was almost completely abolished in a mutant strain lacking a high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system. In competition experiments, alpha-methylglutamic acid antagonized glutamate uptake via the high affinity system, and only slightly via the low affinity system. Column chromatography of cell extracts showed that very little (approx. 5%) of the accumulated amino acid was converted to metabolites during short term incubations. These studies indicate that, at concentrations up to 3-5 mM, alpha-methyl-L-glutamic acid can be used as a specific, relatively metabolically inert substrate of the high affinity dicarboxylic amino acid transport system in S. faecalis.
The “Inspired” Style of the English Bible

W SCHWARZ'S recently published historical study, Principles and Problems of Biblical Translation,' provides an illuminating means of approach to a matter in sore need of thoughtful discussion: how to interpret the character and quality of the great modern language versions of the Bible. Confining himself to the theory of Bible translation as it developed in respect to several of the most important translations in history, Schwarz has shown how the choice of method of
Conductive heat flow measured in unsedimented regions of the seafloor

Traditional probes designed to measure heat flow in oceanic crust only yield accurate measurements where thick sediment thermally isolates igneous basement rocks from seawater. Since most regions of younger crust lack this sediment cover, measuring crustal heat flow in these areas presents a challenge. A thermal blanket system that simulates this sediment cover and allows measurements to be taken in bare rock areas was recently developed and tested, and the results look promising.
Heliuim-3 mass spectrometry for low-level tritium analysis of environmental samples

Helium-3 (3He) mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-level tritium (3H) concentrations (0.5 to 5 Bq·l−1) in environmental sample matrices was compared with conventional low-level β-decay counting methods. The mass-spectrometry method compared favorably, equalling or surpassing conventional decay-counting methods with respect to most criteria. Additional research and method refinements may make3He mass spectrometry the method of choice for routine, low-level to very-low-level (L<0.5 Bq·l−1)3H measurements in a wide variety of environmental samples in the future.
Patient selection and the volume effect in pancreatic surgery: unequal benefits?

Background The volume effect in pancreatic surgery is well established. Regionalization to high-volume centres has been proposed. The effect of this proposal on practice patterns is unknown.
Synthesis, characterization and crystal chemistry of microporous titanium-silicate materials

Abstract We attempted to synthesize crystalline, three-dimensional, microporous oxide networks composed of interconnected titanate octahedra and silicate tetrahedra. Thus, hydrothermal syntheses were performed using strongly alkaline titanium-silicate gels as reactants. Synthetic analogs of the zeolitic minerals zorite and vinogradovite were prepared and characterized, and these materials contain the desired structural features. In addition, a novel microporous titanium-silicate composition that is a structural analog of the mineral pharmacosiderite was prepared and shown to be composed of interconnected four- and six-coordinated polyhedra. These results serve to illustrate the potential for the discovery of novel molecular sieve structures and compositions that incorporate octahedral units into their frameworks.
Best-of-breed versus integrated systems.

The use of information technology is increasingly important in efforts to improve patient safety.[1][1] Health care professionals must have the most up-to-date information available when and where they need it. The structure of an information system determines how users interact with that system.
Dimensionality of the semantic space for communication via facial expressions

Facial expressions were posed by student actors and labeled by student judges, the judges being restricted to the same labels as were given to the actors. Factor analyses yielded evidence for three major dimensions resembling those proposed by Schlosberg (1954): Pleasantness, Activation, and Control. A hypothetical emotional-expression solid, a pyramid truncated at the far end (passive direction), is proposed as a resolution of recent controversies over the number and nature of dimensions. Cluster analyses confirm the existence of some seven to ten regions within this space, densely populated with quasi-synonymous states, which warrant identification as ‘primary affects’.
Capacity evaluation of frequency hopping based ad-hoc systems

The IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) study group has been working on evolving a standard for short-range wireless connectivity between low complexity and low power devices operating within the personal operating space (POS). The scenarios envisioned for WPANs are likely to involve a large number of POSs operating in an indoor environment. Among short-range wireless technologies, BluetoothTM 1 based ad-hoc connectivity comes closest to satisfying the WPAN requirements. Bluetooth provides a gross rate of 1 Mbps per network and allows several such networks to overlap using frequency hopping. The 'aggregate throughput' thus achieved is much higher than 1 Mbps. In the absence of external interfering sources, aggregate throughput is limited by self interference which depends upon, (i) physical layer parameters like hopping rate, hopping sequences, transmitted power, receiver sensitivity, modulation, forward error correction (ii) channel characteristics like coherence bandwidth and coherence time (iii) spatial characteristics. In this work we consider the problem of finding the capacity of Bluetooth based ad-hoc systems by accurately modeling the Bluetooth physical layer and the indoor wireless channel. We predict the throughput in Bluetooth based ad-hoc systems as a function of a generalized set of parameters using realistic scenarios and assumptions.
Modeling solid-state boron carbide low energy neutron detectors

Two independent techniques for modeling boron-based solid-state neutron detectors are presented—one using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit and the other one an analytical approach using a simplified physical model. Results of these techniques are compared for three different types of solid-state boron carbide detector. These results provide the basis for distinguishing between conversion layer and other solid-state detectors.
Polynomial-Time Verification of PCTL Properties of MDPs with Convex Uncertainties

We address the problem of verifying Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) properties of Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) whose state transition probabilities are only known to lie within uncertainty sets. We first introduce the model of Convex-MDPs (CMDPs), i.e., MDPs with convex uncertainty sets. CMDPs generalize Interval-MDPs (IMDPs) by allowing also more expressive (convex) descriptions of uncertainty. Using results on strong duality for convex programs, we then present a PCTL verification algorithm for CMDPs, and prove that it runs in time polynomial in the size of a CMDP for a rich subclass of convex uncertainty models. This result allows us to lower the previously known algorithmic complexity upper bound for IMDPs from co-NP to PTIME. We demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed approach by verifying a consensus protocol and a dynamic configuration protocol for IPv4 addresses.
Organization And Performance Of A Two-level Virtual-real Cache Hierarchy

We propose and analyze a two-level cache organization that provides high memory bandwidth. The first-level cache is accessed directly by virtual addresses. It is small, fast, and, without the burden of address translation, can easily be optimized to match the processor speed. The virtually-addressed cache is backed up by a large physically-addressed cache; this second-level cache provides a high hit ratio and greatly reduces memory traffic. We show how the second-level cache can be easily extended to solve the synonym problem resulting from the use of a virtually-addressed cache at the first level. Moreover, the second-level cache can be used to shield the virtually-addressed first-level cache from irrelevant cache coherence interference. Finally, simulation results show that this organization has a performance advantage over a hierarchy of physically-addressed caches in a multiprocessor environment.
Computerized cognitive training and functional recovery in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Objective Depression is common, frequently resistant to antidepressant treatment, and associated with impairments in cognition and everyday functioning. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) paradigms offer potential to improve cognition, mood and everyday functioning, but their effectiveness is not well established. The goal of this article was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of CCT in depressive disorders. Method A search was conducted to identify high quality randomized controlled CCT trials per PRISMA guidelines using PsycINFO and MEDLINE with the keywords “Cognitive training” or “Cognitive remediation” or “Cognitive rehabilitation” and “Depression”. 9 randomized trials for depressed adults met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes (Hedge's g) were calculated for key outcome measures of mood symptom severity, daily functioning, and cognition. A 3-level Bayesian hierarchical linear model was used to estimate effect sizes for each domain and study. Publication bias was assessed using Classic Fail Safe N's and homogeneity was evaluated using Q and I 2 indexes. Results Significant small-moderate effects for Symptom Severity (0.43) and Daily Functioning (0.72), and moderate-large effects for Attention (0.67), Working Memory (0.72), and Global Functioning (1.05) were found. No significant effects were found for Executive Functioning or Verbal Memory. Moderator variable analysis revealed decreased effect of CCT with age. Gender and concurrent medication treatment did not affect the results. Limitations Small sample size, short duration, pseudo-specificity, and high heterogeneity for Verbal Memory measures. Conclusions CCT is associated with improvement in depressive symptoms and everyday functioning, though produces inconsistent effects on cognition.
The function of contrasting pelage markings in artiodactyls

Comparative studies of pelage coloration in mammals suggest that certain prominent markings on an otherwise uniform pelage background serve in communication. We matched the position and coloration of contrasting markings on the bodies of all eventoed ungulates to ecological and social variables in order to ask whether marks are used in communication generally, as a signal to predators, or as a signal to conspecifics. Controlling for phylogeny, we found that many marks are located in prominent visible positions on the body; that flank marks seem to amplify stotting and leaping, which are pursuit deterrent signals; and that front leg marks may amplify foot stamping, an antipredator signal. We found that upper leg markings, particularly markings on the podials, are associated with group living hinting at an intraspecific communicatory function. Surprisingly, we found that contrasting marks do not reliably indicate position of scent glands across this taxon and that many white marks may have a cryptic function. These results extend and contradict those of previous analyses and force us to conclude that contrasting pelage marks have a number of functions in this taxon including pursuit deterrence, intraspecific signaling, and possibly even crypsis. Key words: color patches, intraspecific communication, pursuit deterrence, signals, ungulates. [Behav Ecol]
Transmission Bearing Damage Detection Using Decision Fusion Analysis

A diagnostic tool was developed for detecting fatigue damage to rolling element bearings in an OH-58 main rotor transmission. Two different monitoring technologies, oil debris analysis and vibration, were integrated using data fusion into a health monitoring system for detecting bearing surface fatigue pitting damage. This integrated system showed improved detection and decision-making capabilities as compared to using individual monitoring technologies. This diagnostic tool was evaluated by collecting vibration and oil debris data from tests performed in the NASA Glenn 500 hp Helicopter Transmission Test Stand. Data was collected during experiments performed in this test rig when two unanticipated bearing failures occurred. Results show that combining the vibration and oil debris measurement technologies improves the detection of pitting damage on spiral bevel gears duplex ball bearings and spiral bevel pinion triplex ball bearings in a main rotor transmission.
The Two Faces of Parrhêsia: Free Speech and Self-Expression in Ancient Greece*

Parrhesia has been understood as a right under the Athenian democracy, roughly equivalent to the right of free speech in modern democracies, including the privilege of speaking in the assembly. In this paper, I argue that the notion of ‘rights’ is anachronistic in this connection; more particularly, parrhesia was less a right than an expectation, the idea that one might freely express even unpopular opinions without fear of repression. But unpopular opinions might run athwart notions of public decency, and free expression might tilt over into license or shamelessness. Examples are given of how Athenian discourse, in tragedy (especially Euripides' Phoenician Women) and oratory, negotiated the delicate balance between forthrightness and insolence.
Agamemnon 437: Chrysamoibos Ares, Athens and Empire

The chorus' depiction of Ares as a ‘gold-changer of bodies’ and trader in precious metals underscores the increased intersection of finances and war in fifth-century Athens. The metaphor's details point to three contemporary developments (in addition to the patrios nomos allusion noted by Fraenkel): the increased conscription of citizens, the institution of pay for military service, and the payment of financial support for war orphans. And as leader of the Delian League, Athens itself resembled the war-god, establishing equivalents between men and money, and profiting from its acceptance of tribute payments in a variety of currencies. Taken together, the metaphor's contemporary dimensions probably had an unsettling effect on the Athenian audience.
Engineering Design‐Based Science, Science Content Performance, and Science Attitudes in Elementary School

Background New learning standards call for engineering instruction to be incorporated into elementary education, yet engineering experiences must not detract from quality science instruction. Previous research at the secondary level has found engineering design to be a supportive context for science learning. Designing functional artifacts may ground children's exploration of scientific concepts; engineering design may contextualize science learning. Purpose Our research investigated whether an engineering design-based curriculum changed elementary student science attitudes and science content knowledge in four domains. Design/Method In the first year of the efficacy study, 12 elementary teachers taught science with their school or district's status quo curriculum. In the second year, they taught the same science content with a new engineering design-based curriculum that incorporated LEGO™ design challenges. In both years, students completed pre- and post-tests on science content and attitudinal surveys. Results The increase in science content performance from pre- to post-test was significantly greater for the LEGO engineering students than for the status quo students, but there was minimal difference in the science attitudes of the two student groups. Conclusions The findings suggest that engineering design-based science curriculum units may support elementary students' science content knowledge, while helping students learn to design, construct, and test solutions to engineering problems. Because students using either curriculum had similarly positive attitudes toward science, our research suggests that the benefit of engineering design for science learning cannot be attributed simply to the positive science attitudes that may result from the use of novel materials or methods.
Mate Preferences Across Life and Across the World

A body of research has demonstrated that people adopt a more interpersonally positive orientation as they age. The current study extends this line of research by examining how mate preferences shift as a function of age. Our worldwide sample rated their attraction to various photographs and completed self-report measures of attraction. Based on a revealed preference measure, the authors found that older individuals preferred people who displayed communal characteristics, and this pattern was fairly universal. On the other hand, self-reported preferences were less consistent. The authors’ findings suggest that, in addition to becoming more agreeable with age, people are drawn to others with similarly agreeable qualities. This universal pattern indicates that mate preferences across the life span shift largely toward increased preference for communal characteristics.