cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laudian Foxe-hunting? William Laud and the status of John Foxe in the 1630s

When the prosecutors of William Laud were seeking damning evidence against the Archbishop, they seized upon the fate of John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments in the 1630s. They produced a catalogue of abuses, occasions on which Laud had attacked, impugned, or banned the volumes. In his report of the trial, Prynne gave these cases of Foxe-hunting an important position, directly after the accusation that Laud had hindered the distribution of Bibles. The prominence given to Foxe, and the close association with the Bible, were typical of the ways the martyrologist was handled in the early seventeenth century, and tell us much about the regard in which he was held within the English Church. His Book of Martyrs had attained the status of a quasi-biblical text. His works, invoked with an almost scriptural reverence, were appealed to as an unquestionable authority on matters of ecclesiastical history and Protestant tradition.
Delayed Hyponatremia Is the Most Common Cause of 30-Day Unplanned Readmission After Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors.

Background Unplanned readmission after surgical procedures is an important quality metric. Yet, readmission rates and causes have not been evaluated for patients after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors. Objective To analyze unplanned 30-day readmissions at a pituitary center and to encourage the development of effective clinical pathways to prevent readmission. Methods A retrospective review of adult patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions at Barrow Neurological Institute (January 2011-March 2014) was performed to identify causes of unplanned readmission within 30 days of surgery. Patient demographics, tumor details, surgical complications, and endocrine function were documented. Results Of 303 patients who had transsphenoidal surgery, 27 (8.9%) were readmitted within 30 days. Most of the 27 (15 [55.6%]) had delayed hyponatremia. Other causes were diabetes insipidus (4 [14.8%]), adrenal insufficiency (2 [7.4%]), and cerebrospinal fluid leak, epistaxis, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and hypoglycemia (1 each [3.7%]). Outpatient sodium screening was performed as needed. In cases of hyponatremia, the mean postoperative day of readmission was day 8 (range, 6-12 days) and the mean serum sodium was 119 mmol/L (range, 111-129 mmol/L). Numerous patient and surgical factors were examined, and no specific predictors of readmission were identified. We developed an outpatient care pathway for managing hyponatremia with the goal of improving readmission rates. Conclusion This study establishes a quality benchmark for readmission rates after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions and identifies delayed hyponatremia as the primary cause. Implementation of an outpatient care pathway for managing hyponatremia may improve readmission rates.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy versus standard laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a comparison study in the canine model.

The aim of this study was to compare live donor nephrectomy by hand-assisted laparoscopy to standard laparoscopy in a canine model. Fourteen dogs underwent a left laparoscopic nephrectomy; a standard laparoscopic nephrectomy technique was utilized in seven dogs. In a second group of seven dogs, a hand-assisted laparoscopic technique was used with a Dexterity Pneumo Sleeve hand port. All nephrectomies were performed as "donor" nephrectomies, dividing the vessels last. Total blood loss, operative warm ischemia, time and organ retrieval times were assessed for each group. The average operative time was significantly shorter for hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (32 +/- 8 minutes vs. 61 +/- 8 minutes; p = .02) than for the standard technique. The average warm ischemia (86 +/- 24 seconds vs. 224 +/- 52 seconds; p = .03) and average organ delivery times (4 +/- 3 seconds vs. 45 +/- 9 seconds; p < .01) also were shorter using the hand-assisted laparoscopic technique. No significant differences in average blood loss were found between the two groups (9 +/- 2 cc vs. 6 +/- 1 cc; p = 0.16, NS). Good parenchymal, ureteral, and vascular preservation was achieved by both techniques. Hand-assisted laparoscopy permits shorter operating times and warm ischemia times than standard laparoscopy in a canine model of donor nephrectomy. Hand assistance makes donor laparoscopic nephrectomy technically easier and significantly quicker to perform. If hand-assisted laparoscopy donor nephrectomy is confirmed to be a rapid and safe technique for removing an intact organ, laparoscopic nephrectomy will be a more widely accepted technique among urologists who participate in living related donor kidney transplantation.
Profiling of Urine Using ProteinChip® Technology

Urine is an extremely valuable sample type for biomarker discovery due to the non-invasive collection and the relatively low protein content, which makes detection of perturbations associated with disease easier. SELDI-TOF analysis is ideally suited for analysis of urine since the chromatographic capture mechanism can tolerate salt and urea in the urine sample that would otherwise need to be removed prior to mass spectrometric analysis. While neat urine can be analyzed directly on ProteinChip arrays, urine can also benefit from an enrichment step, which has been shown to increase the number of proteins detected more than twofold. Because urine volume and contents can vary substantially between individuals and within individuals over time, sample collection and storage should be carefully controlled to assure reproducible and clinically relevant results.
The demands of persons with disabilities for home health care and the economic consequences for informal caregivers

This study uses data from the 1989 National Long Term Health Care Survey to examine how home health services use among 4,463 older persons affects the long-term monetary and human-capital resources of their caregivers. The study first estimates demands of older persons with disabilities for home health services. Then a bivariate probit model estimates the caregivers' decisions to accommodate their labor force activities and deplete their health. Income status of 150 to 250 percent of poverty, residence in the South, and large family networks decrease the likelihood of home health services use. State-financed insurance, greater activity limitations, age, and education increase use of home health. Use of formal in-home care decreases human-capital resources (health) of caregivers. Older persons' use of formal home health care does not affect long-term monetary resources (earned in the labor market). Rather, having a backup caregiver and living with an older person with disabilities are more influential in preserving the caregiver's monetary resources. Older persons have not solely borne the long-term implications of changes in health care financing; implications also exist for caregivers. Thus, when financing restricts use of home health services, caregivers' health may decline prematurely
Visual Process Model (VPM) to Develop Web-Based Instructional Problem-Solving: Teacher's Dilemma

AbstractThis paper describes the design and development of an interactive case, Teacher's Dilemma. The underlying processes and design principles used in developing the Web-based cases are discussed, as well as the characteristics of the case. Users of the case were able to access information that pertained to an incident of a difficult student, analyze the situation, and provide feedback to the teacher. The team integrated two design methods to achieve our goals: < I) storyboarding and (2) rapid prototyping. Overall, the pre-service teachers asked to analyze the situation performed well and were appreciative of the opportunity to use the Web in this manner.
Effect of Summer Annual Forage and Type of Shade on Grazing Behavior of Beef Stocker Heifers

Heat stress in beef cattle is still one of the issues affecting animal performance in the beef cattle industry. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of two summer annual forages such as alyceclover (Alysicarpus vaginalis L.), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) with natural (trees) or artificial shade (80% shade) on grazing behavior and on reducing the heat load of crossbred yearling heifers. On three consecutive years from mid-July to mid-September, 36 (Bos taurus × B. indicus) heifers (body weight [BW] = 321±11.3 kg) were randomly allotted (n = 3) and continuously stocked in 12-1.33 ha paddocks in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (2 forage types and 2 shade types) with three replicates. Heifers grazing on alyceclover gained more (p = 0.03) than those grazing pearl millet (0.94 and 0.80 kg, respectively). Grazing behavior variables were not affected (p > 0.05) by forage type and forage type x shade type interaction; however, shade type affected grazing and lying time (p < 0.05). Time of day (TOD) affected (p < 0.05) grazing and standing time, number of steps taken, respiration rate, and panting scores. These negative effects are related with the greatest temperature humidity index between 1100 and 1459 h. When data were analyzed by TOD, the negative effect on grazing behavior variables was not different for heifers with access to natural or artificial shades. Under the conditions of the present experiment, artificial shade provided protection for cattle. Grazing behavior parameters can be used to monitor heat load in grazing cattle.
Targeting FVIII-Specific B Cells Using BAR-Transduced Regulatory T Cells

Up to a third of hemophilia A (HA) patients receiving therapeutic FVIII develop neutralizing antibodies termed "inhibitors". Once inhibitors develop, clinical management of HA patients becomes extremely difficult. Thus, a rational solution would be to establish FVIII-specific immune tolerance to FVIII in high risk patients. To address this issue in a mouse model of human HA, we elected to use an antigen-specific regulatory T cell (Treg) approach. Analogous to the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) strategy successfully used in cancer immunotherapy, we have created a chimeric receptor comprising a protein antigen or its domain, linked with the transmembrane and signal transduction domains, CD28-CD3ζ. We termed this receptor "BAR" for B-cell-targeting antibody receptor. Human Tregs (CD4+CD25hiCD127low) were retrovirally transduced with a BAR containing FVIII C2 domain (C2-BAR) or FVIII A2 domain (A2-BAR) and expanded successfully in vitro. These cells stained positively with anti-C2 and anti-A2 monoclonal antibodies, respectively, and maintained Treg phenotypic markers in terms of co-expression of Foxp3 and Helios. Control human Tregs were transduced with a BAR containing chicken ovalbumin (OVA-BAR). To test the hypothesis that BAR-transduced Tregs could directly and effectively suppress the activity of specific B cells, a xenogeneic model was employed. On day 0, FVIII-/- HA mice were injected intravenously with 106 transduced human Tregs. The mice were then immunized subcutaneously on day 1 with FVIII in incomplete Freund9s adjuvant, and anti-FVIII antibody development was followed. By two weeks after immunization, anti-FVIII antibodies could be detected in the control mice (n = 4). However, in the experimental group (n = 5) that received a mixture of equal number of C2-and A2-BAR Tregs, anti-FVIII antibody development was reproducibly completely blocked for at least 8 weeks. To examine the possible mechanism of BAR Treg suppression, purified B cells and T cells from "tolerized" (A2+C2-BAR) or "control" (OVA-BAR) recipients were mixed and tested for recall responses to FVIII in vitro. The results suggested that the FVIII-specific B cells were directly tolerized while the T-cell response remained intact. Taken together, we report here a successful approach utilizing FVIII-specific BAR-Tregs to directly target FVIII-specific B cells, an approach which could be adapted to address other adverse immune response as well. (Supported in part by a NIH grant HL127495) Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Abstract 491: Injury-Activated TGFβ Recruits MSCs for Vascular Remodeling

Stem/progenitor cells can be recruited to participate in tissue remodeling, regeneration, or repair following injury. In particular, bone marrow-derived or local resident stem /progenitor cells are implicated in vascular repair and remodeling. It is believed that migratory factor(s) released by injured tissue creates a gradient to mediate the migration of stem cells to the injury sites. The key mediator(s) inducing the recruitment of the cells to the vascular lesions remains to be defined. Here we show that nestin + cells, which represent similar population as Sca1 + CD29 + CD11b - CD45 - mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs), were recruited and incorporated into the neointimal tissue in both rat model of balloon injury of carotid artery and mouse model of wire injury of femoral artery. Importantly, elevated active TGFβ1 level was observed in the injured vessels as early as 8 hr post injury, and the elevation lasted for 2 wks. To investigate whether injury-induced activation of TGFβ1 in vascular matrix stimulates migration of MSCs, we developed an aorta-conditioned medium (Aorta-CM)-based cell migration assay in which MSCs were placed in the upper chamber and the Aorta-CM prepared by culturing ex vivo injured aorta was placed in the lower chamber of a transwell chamber. Aorta-CM prepared from ex vivo injured aorta significantly enhanced cell migration compare to CM prepared from uninjured aorta. When neutralizing antibody specific for TGFβ1 or the inhibitor of TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI) was added to the CM, the migration of MSCs was almost abolished, indicating that active TGFβ1 released by the injured arteries mediates MSCs migration. To examine the role of TGFβ in MSCs recruitment following vascular injury in vivo , TβRI inhibitor was injected into mice with injury of femoral arteries. Both the development of neointima and the recruitment of nestin + cells were blocked with the inhibitor treatment compare to those with vehicle treatment. Collectively, the results suggest that TGFβ is an injury-activated messenger essential for the recruitment of MSCs to participate in vascular remodeling.
Minimally Invasive Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in the Management of Penile Carcinoma

Objective To report and analyze the outcomes of endoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection (E-ILND), inclusive of video endoscopic ILND (VEIL) and robotic-assisted ILND (RAIL) approaches, in the largest reported series to date. Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified men with penile cancer who underwent E-ILND. Nodal resection volume, perioperative parameters, and postoperative complications were assessed and analyzed. A subset analysis of complications by tumor and operative characteristics was performed to determine the impact of these variables on complication rates. Results A total of 34 E-ILND, comprising 7 VEIL and 27 RAIL limbs, were performed. Median nodal yield was 10.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0-12.5) in all E-ILND limbs and 8.0 (IQR 13.0-23.0) in RAIL limbs. Median length of stay was 1 day (range 1-3) following E-ILND and RAIL procedures. The saphenous vein was spared in 57% (4/7) of VEIL and 100% (27/27) of RAIL limbs. Postoperative complications occurred in 33% (6/18) of E-ILND, including 21% (3/14) of RAIL patients. Median follow-up was 5.5 months (IQR 3.0-10.8), during which time 3 patients developed regional or distant metastases at a median duration of 1.7 months (IQR 0.9-3.9). Conclusion E-ILND is feasible from a technical standpoint, and our results demonstrate that lymph node counts are comparable with an open approach. Importantly, E-ILND has the potential to reduce complication rates and time to convalescence when compared with open ILND.
Evaluation of dried yeast and threonine fermentation biomass as partial fish meal replacements in the diet of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

Abstract In response to the increasing demand and thus cost of fish meal (FM), alternatives to this ingredient have been extensively investigated in recent years. As such, research on various types of alternative protein feedstuffs, such as industrial microbial byproducts, is being pursued for FM replacement. To this end, the purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of two single-cell protein sources, dried yeast (DY) and threonine fermentation biomass (TFB) as partial replacements for FM in the diet of red drum. A reference diet was formulated to contain 40% crude protein (CP) equally contributed from FM and soybean meal (SBM). In addition, four experimental diets were formulated with different inclusion levels of DY to supply 20, 30, 40 or 50% of dietary CP, and three additional diets had different inclusion levels of TFB to provide 10, 20 or 30% of dietary CP. Red drum juveniles were sorted by size (initially averaging 8.01 ± 0.29 g), and groups of 20 fish/aquarium were stocked into 30, 110-L aquaria. After feeding the reference diet for a 1-week conditioning period, triplicate aquaria were randomly assigned to each dietary treatment and fish were fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. In regard to weight gain, feed efficiency and survival, increasing inclusion levels of DY and TFB did not negatively affect these responses. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for the conditions in which this experiment was conducted, TFB and DY could replace up to 30 and 50% of the protein provided by FM/SBM (50/50%), respectively, without affecting red drum’s performance. In addition, distinctly different microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of fish fed the various diets was evident based on a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis dendrogram analysis. In conclusion, DY and TFB are suitable alternatives for replacing FM in the diet of red drum, although more studies should be done to determine their maximum inclusion levels.
Western-style diet induces object recognition deficits and alters complexity of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of male rats.

Objective: Research demonstrates a link between diet-induced obesity and cognitive impairments; however, no studies have utilized the Sholl analysis to assess changes in dendritic arborization as a possible cause of obesity-induced memory deficits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a Western-style diet (WSD) on memory and dendritic complexity of male Sprague–Dawley rats.Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 18) were fed either a control or WSD. Spatial memory and episodic memory were assessed using the Morris Water Maze and novel object recognition (NOR) tasks, respectively. At termination, brains were removed and prepared with the Golgi-Cox method. Stained neurons in both the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) were imaged and digitally reconstructed.Results: Results indicated significant differences in percent body fat and TNFα levels between dietary conditions. WSD males also experienced reduced NOR exploration ratios, but no deficits in spatial memory were observed....
Overcoming barriers to radiotherapy in at-risk urban populations: primary language as a driver of initiation disparity

Delays in radiotherapy initiation are associated with increased local recurrence rates, but demographic drivers of initiation disparity have not been evaluated. Patient demographics have been shown to drive treatment disparities in radiotherapy, negatively influencing treatment recommendations, initiation, and compliance, indicating significant barriers to treatment in at-risk urban populations. Recent studies evaluating the effect of primary language on these disparities have produced conflicting results; studies have focused on specific disease sites and included varying treatment modalities in addition to radiotherapy. We examined time from diagnosis to initiation in all radiotherapy-receiving patients in an urban safety net hospital, stratified by primary language. Demographic data, 1- and 5-­year mortality, disease extent, days from diagnosis to initiation (DtI), and primary language of 342 unique patients presenting to the Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center Department of Radiation Oncology from 2008 to 2012 were collected. Records with incomplete or outlying data were excluded from analysis. Data was de-identified and coded before analysis in SPSS v. 24 with a 95% confidence interval using ANOVA for data with normalized distribution and Mann-Whitney U/Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in non-normally distributed data, as determined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. We found no difference in DtI between English-, Spanish-, and Haitian Creole-speaking patient populations. Age at diagnosis was greater in the Haitian Creole-speaking population (p < 0.001); gender (p < 0.05), disease extent (p < 0.001), and month of initiation (p < 0.001) had an effect on DtI. Race, age at diagnosis, and ethnicity did not have a significant effect on DtI. Patient primary language does not have an effect on radiotherapy initiation time in an urban safety net hospital. At-risk urban patient populations face barriers to treatment that may confound previously reported differences in English- and non-English-speaking patients.
Use-Mention Confusions in “Sloppy, Colloquial Speech”

Although commonplace in both ordinary and philosophical discourse, the use/mention distinction continues to generate controversy among contemporary analytic philosophers. In what follows, my central aim will be to clarify and defend Saul Kripke’s (Naming and necessity. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980) parenthetical remarks regarding the confusion of use and mention in ordinary (“sloppy, colloquial”) discourse involving proper names. In so doing, I willbe responding to two original and provocative papers that address Kripke’s stance on this common colloquial confusion: one by Delia Graff Fara (Analysis 72(3):492–501, 2011) and a follow-up paper by John Biro (Analysis 71(2):492–501, 2012). Although Fara and Biro are united in both their interpretation and negative assessment of Kripke’s remarks, their own positive views are importantly different. I will suggest below that Kripke’s views, properly understood, are considerably more plausible than the views of either Fara or Biro. However, I will also raise some concerns, in the concluding section of the paper, with the blanket suggestion that “sloppy, colloquial” and otherwise informal discourse is, generally speaking, irrelevant to the assessment of semantic theories of ordinary language.
Homelessness among transnational migrants in Norway

Transnational migration throughout Europe due to high rates of unemployment and poverty has led to increased concerns about migrants experiencing episodes of homelessness. In particular, scholars h...
Effects of an Intervention on Children’s Conceptions of Angle Measurement

In this article, we report on the findings of a study investigating the effects of an intervention designed to provide students in Grades 3–5 with opportunities to work with dynamic and static models of angles in a dynamic geometry environment. We utilized the microgenetic method in this cross-sectional study to observe and document changes in participating students’ conceptions of angle. Our results indicate that the intervention had a positive effect on all of the students’ terminology, third graders’ estimations of angle measures, and third and fourth graders’ drawings of obtuse angles. Sliders to vary the ray length, angle orientation, angle location, and angle openness had a positive effect on half of the participants in our study who struggled with misconceptions related to what effects the measure of an angle.
Acceptability and perceived utility of drone technology among emergency medical service responders and incident commanders for mass casualty incident management

Objective: This study seeks to understand the acceptability and perceived utility of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI) scene management. Design: Qualitative questionnaires regarding the ease of operation, perceived usefulness, and training time to operate UAVs were administered to Emergency Medical Technicians (n = 15). Setting: A Single Urban New England Academic Tertiary Care Medical Center. Participants: Front-line emergency medical service (EMS) providers and senior EMS personnel in Incident Commander roles. Conclusions: Data from this pilot study indicate that EMS responders are accepting to deploying and operating UAV technology in a disaster scenario. Additionally, they perceived UAV technology as easy to adopt yet impactful in improving MCI scene management.
Airway evaluation in children with single ventricle cardiac physiology.

Abstract Objective Children with single ventricle cardiac physiology (SVC) often require airway procedures as an adjunct to their care. Descriptive analysis with a focus on outcomes of airway procedures in SVC patients have not been fully described in the literature. Methods Retrospective, single-center cohort review of 270 patients born between Aug-2007 and Jan-2017. Patients were identified by cardiac database for single ventricle pathophysiology. A subset of these patients were identified to have been evaluated by otolaryngology with airway evaluations and/or interventions. Results 88/270 patients (32.6%) required investigation or intervention for airway pathology. The most frequent procedure was flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (58/88 patients); it was the only procedure performed in 40 patients. Seventeen patients required tracheostomies with an associated increased length of stay (p Conclusions Children with SVC often require airway evaluation and intervention. Patients with high risk cardiac procedures had a higher risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury but the presence of subglottic stenosis was the best predictor for a tracheostomy. This study represents one of the largest series of SVC children evaluated for airway pathology.
Biologic Findings in Conduct Disorder

Theoretically, the development of conduct symptoms may be associated with increased responsiveness to reward signals and decreased responsiveness to signals associated with punishment. This article summarizes data consistent with conduct disorder being associated with lower verbal IQ and decreased noradrenergic and serotonergic function.
Effect of Maternal Selenium Nutrition on Human Milk Content and Form

Selenium (Se) was recognized as an essential trace element in animal nutrition in 1957 by Schwarz and Foltz.1 The discovery of the seleno-enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in human blood2 and in placenta3 has served to focus attention on the role of Se in human nutrition. Glutathione peroxidase protects the cell from oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxides or lipid peroxides.4 In recent years, a large body of evidence has accumulated which links Se nutrition to a number of diseases and pathological conditions in infants and children as well as in adults.5–8
The Caries Preventive Regimen—A Summary

In this book I have attempted to cover a number of aspects of caries prevention that can be adopted in general dental practice. To practise competent caries prevention it is necessary first to have some relevant basic knowledge of the disease mechanisms and the tissues they affect. Only by understanding the essential points in the initiation and progress of the disease one is attempting to prevent can the best be derived from preventive techniques.
High tibial osteotomy with modern PEEK implants is safe and leads to lower hardware removal rates when compared to conventional metal fixation: a multi-center comparison study.

Various implant materials have been used in medial, opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) including traditional metal and modern polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants. The purpose of this study was to compare metal and PEEK implants and determine safety, varus deformity correction, as well as short- to mid-term hardware removal and arthroplasty rates. HTO performed with metal and PEEK implants were reviewed between 2000 and 2015 at two institutions with a minimum of 2 years follow-up. Postoperative complications, radiographic measures, and osteotomy union were compared between groups using Kruskal–Wallis and Fisher’s exact testing. Survival free of hardware removal and arthroplasty was compared between groups using Kaplan–Meier testing. Risk factors for HTO conversion to arthroplasty were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Ninety-five HTOs were performed in 90 patients (59 M, 31 F) using 50 metal and 45 PEEK implants. Mean follow-up was 4.2 years (range 2.0–16.5). Two metal and two PEEK HTO patients experienced nonunions, resulting in revision HTO at a mean of 1.0 years postoperatively (range 0.4–1.4 years). Both implant groups demonstrated similar, significant improvements in coronal deformity, with mean angulation improving from 6.0° and 5.4° varus preoperatively to 1.1° and 1.0° valgus postoperatively for the metal (p < 0.01) and PEEK groups (p < 0.01), respectively. 2- and 5-year hardware removal-free survival was 94% and 94% for PEEK, which was significantly superior to 80% and 73% observed for metal (p = 0.02). 2- and 5-year arthroplasty-free survival was similar for the metal (98% and 94%) and PEEK groups (100% and 78%) (n.s.). HTO performed for focal cartilage defects was observed to demonstrate decreased arthroplasty risk (HR 0.36, p = 0.03) when compared to HTO performed for osteoarthritis. Both metal and PEEK implants were found to be effective in obtaining and maintaining coronal varus deformity correction, with 88% overall arthroplasty-free survival at 5 years. Metal fixation demonstrated a higher rate of hardware removal while HTO performed for medial compartment osteoarthritis predicted conversation to arthroplasty. III.
Breaking the Curse: A Multilayered Regulatory Approach

Eastern Africa has been plagued for generations with what Richard Auty considers “The Resource Curse.” This curse, translated into modern economic tragedies, is the exploitive extraction and use of precious minerals from Eastern Africa, specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). As a result of attempts to combat the international market that perpetuates this curse, Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act, largely in response to human rights activism, passed into law a provision requiring companies to account to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for their use of certain listed foreign minerals. Although such regulation is economically stifling for companies, it is appropriately outweighed by an international human rights interest. Currently, this legislative and regulatory measure is insufficient because it feebly regulates manufacturers in an after-extraction market without an extraction-level regulation in Eastern Africa. Therefore, to legitimize Section 1502 and to appropriately aid U.S. companies in their compliance with Section 1502, the African Union, or a coalition of governments and organizations, must establish a certification process by which minerals are lawfully extracted and formally sold in the international market. This would establish both an extraction-level and post-extraction-level regulation that work in tandem. Implementing one without the other will not begin to resolve this international crisis.
Correlation of subcellular compartmentalization of HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates with chemotherapeutic activity in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

Purpose. Intracellular targets sensitive to oxidized damage generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-mesochlorin e6 monoethylenediamine (Mce6) conjugates was explored to aid in the design of second-generation PDT delivery systems.
The effect of gender and age on hemodynamics, blood volume and cardiac size in healthy humans

We compared age and gender associated differences in hemodynamics, blood volume, and left ventricle size and function at rest in healthy sedentary adults. Ten young men [32 ±10 (SD) yrs] and 10 you...
A modified scaling law for stiffness of nanoporous materials based on gyroid cell model

Abstract Gibson-Ashby model can't well describe the experimental stiffness of nanoporous materials as the ligament size decreases to the nanoscale. We theoretically developed a refined continuum model based on a cubic, periodic arrangement of a gyroid unit cell with three-fold node connectivity. Our modified scaling law is given as E/Es = C1ϕ + C2ϕ2, where C1 and C2 account for the stretching and bending deformation mode, respectively. We found a good agreement between the simulation and theoretical calculations of the stiffness. We identified other morphological factors such as ligament aspect ratio and node to ligament volume ratio that affect the deformation behavior of the gyroid unit cell besides the relative density. A mixture of bending and stretching modes is observed in the gyroid unit cell under uniaxial tensile loading. We observed a transition from bending-stretching to stretching-dominant deformation by increasing the relative density of the gyroid unit cell.
Use of a Natural Porcine Extracellular Matrix With Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Hastens the Healing Rate in Stage 4 Pressure Ulcers.

Introduction Chronic wounds are physically debilitating and painful and are responsible for the addition of more than $25 billion annually in health care costs in the United States. Extracellular matrix (ECM) replacements have been demonstrated to aid in wound healing by providing an optimal environment to facilitate the healing process. Objective This study examines the healing rates of stage 4 pressure ulcers using combination of a commercially available porcine-based wound matrix dressing alongside negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) versus using NPWT alone. Materials and methods Patients were randomized to receive either the matrix plus NPWT (study) or NPWT alone (control) for stage 4 sacral pressure ulcer treatment. Wounds were photographed and measured weekly. The experimental group had their ECM dressings changed every other week and their NPWT changed twice weekly. Results A total of 16 patients, 8 study and 8 control, completed this study. After the 12-week study period, the average control patient healing rate was 45.79% as compared with the 89.98% healing rate in the study group. The difference in healing rate between control and study patients was optimal by 12 weeks. Conclusions These studies suggest that ECM dressings may be a promising adjunctive treatment option for stage 4 pressure ulcers.
Considering Creative Activity in Institutional Repositories: An Exploration of Faculty Perceptions

INTRODUCTION Institutional repositories capture the intellectual output of a specific institution, but this often does not include the creative works done by those in the fine arts. METHODS In-depth interviews with faculty in fine arts disciplines were used to explore their perceptions of institutional repositories and to uncover any benefits or barriers they identify when they consider their creative work within an institutional repository. Fourteen faculty from architecture, art, dance, film, music, and theater were interviewed, with an emphasis on the performing arts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Benefits included the accessibility of works within the institutional repository (IR) to the wider public, the ability to use deposited content for promotional purposes, and the connection the repository has to the institution. Barriers included financial concerns, uncertainty about what would happen with the ownership of their work, copyright, how to share their contributions in collaborative works, and the added time it might take to deposit materials. Faculty also had several expectations. By understanding fine arts faculty perceptions, libraries can improve outreach to these disciplines regarding repository services and be prepared to include the types of works being created in the arts, if appropriate.
Functional delineation of tissue-resident CD8 T cell heterogeneity during infection and cancer

Unremitting defense against diverse pathogens and malignancies requires a dynamic and durable immune response. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW) afford robust protection against infection and cancer progression through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Here, we provide insight into how TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW confer potent and persistent immunity through partitioning of distinct cellular subsets differing in longevity, effector function, and multipotency. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells localized to the epithelium of the small intestine are primarily comprised of a shorter-lived effector population most prominent early following both acute viral and bacterial infections, and a longer-lived Id3hi TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW population that subsequently accumulates at later memory timepoints. We define regulatory gene-programs driving these distinct TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW states, and further clarify roles for Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW heterogeneity during infection. Further, through single-cell RNAseq analysis we demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes broadly differentiate into discrete populations of short-lived and long-lived TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW-like subsets, which share qualities with terminally-exhausted and progenitor-exhausted cells, respectively. As the clinical relevance of TO_SCPLOWRMC_SCPLOW continues to widen from acute infections to settings of chronic inflammation and malignancy, clarification of the spectrum of phenotypic and functional states exhibited by CD8+ T cells that reside in non-lymphoid tissues will provide a framework for understanding their regulation and identity in diverse pathophysiological contexts.
Coordination of construction manipulation robotic system using UAV

Drone technology has demonstrated to be of great contribution to the construction field. Tasks such as photogrammetry, plot surveillance and assets inspections are successfully automated with the aerial robotic technology with some level of contribution of a human operator. In this paper we analyse the possibility to achieve fully automated construction task using dispersed robotic system: a drone and mobile robotic crane. The role of the drone is to study the surroundings and generate a desired trajectory for the crane boom arm in order to lay-in pergola blades. The paper focuses on the layers of the dispersed cyber-physical system allowing to achieve such complex task and optimize the trajectory of the crane boom arm by resolving two-dimensional Chebyshev-Gauss collocation method in order to have minimum-jerk path.
Visualizing the enzyme mechanism of mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase.

Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylases (MDDs) catalyze the ATP-dependent-Mg2+-decarboxylation of mevalonate-5-diphosphate (MVAPP) to produce isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), which is essential in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes for polyisoprenoid synthesis. The substrates, MVAPP and ATP, have been shown to bind sequentially to MDD. Here we report crystals in which the enzyme remains active, allowing the visualization of conformational changes in Enterococcus faecalis MDD that describe sequential steps in an induced fit enzymatic reaction. Initial binding of MVAPP modulates the ATP binding pocket with a large loop movement. Upon ATP binding, a phosphate binding loop bends over the active site to recognize ATP and bring the molecules to their catalytically favored configuration. Positioned substrates then can chelate two Mg2+ ions for the two steps of the reaction. Closure of the active site entrance brings a conserved lysine to trigger dissociative phosphoryl transfer of γ-phosphate from ATP to MVAPP, followed by the production of IPP. Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway and catalyses the decarboxylation of mevalonate-5-diphosphate to isopentenyl diphosphate. Here, the authors provide insights into the conformational changes that occur during substrate binding of MDD and the subsequent enzymatic reaction steps by determining the substrate and intermediate bound crystal structures of Enterococcus faecalis MDD.
The Centrifuge Facility Life Sciences Glovebox Configuration Study

Crew operations associated with nonhuman life sciences research on Space Station Freedom will be conducted in the Life Sciences Glovebox, whose enclosed work volume must accommodate numerous life science procedures. Two candidate Glovebox work volume concepts have been developed: one in which two operators work side-by-side, and another that conforms to the reach envelope of a single operator. Six test volunteers tested the concepts according to preestablished operational criteria. The wrap-around, single-operator concept has been judged the superior system.
Dynamic casing shoe while drilling: A smart drilling concept for future monobore technologies

Abstract The design process of a casing program involves the selection of setting depths, casing sizes and grades of steel that will lead to a safe drilling and completion of a well to withstand all encountered loads during the life of the well. The selection of casing setting depth is a very important task in preparing the well plan. Many aspects, such as lithology, over pressured formations, shallow gases, lost circulation and troublesome zones, directional well profiles and regulations must be considered in this selection. The development of new materials (i.e. expandables) and new technologies (casing drilling) as well as future concept like monobore well technology has created the need of new casing shoe calculation methodologies. The proposed concept to dynamically estimate the casing shoe depth while drilling is based on real time data and intensive geo-modeling pre-processing. The concept will start on paper with the classical casing shoe setting depth estimation which is used to identify the critical zones after which the dynamic model is applied and simulated. If positive simulation results are obtained, then the drilling process can be started. The new model can predict while drilling the position of the next casing shoe, taking into consideration measurements while drilling like pore pressure or formation properties. However, the success of this concept is strongly linked to modern or future technologies of monobore.
Characteristics of Food Allergic Reactions in United States Restaurants.

Background Food allergic reactions of varying severity occur in restaurants. Studies to date have shown that there are gaps in knowledge of and communication between restaurant staff and food allergic individuals. Objective We sought to characterize allergic reactions in restaurants to better inform the restaurant industry, food allergic individual, and allergist so that mitigation strategies can be implemented. Methods Data collected over a 2-year period from 2822 individuals in the Food Allergy Research & Education registry were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Dining out accounted for the second most common location for a food allergic reaction, after one's home, and many were severe with 28.0% requiring 1 dose and 6.2% requiring 2 doses of epinephrine. Cafes, fast food establishments, and Asian restaurants were frequently implicated sites. Peanut, tree nuts, and milk were the most common inciting allergens, and tree nuts resulted in the most common use of epinephrine. Of the allergic reactions, 53.9% occurred despite conveyance of food allergy to restaurant staff, 26.6% occurred when allergens were declared on the menu, and 13.7% occurred when allergens were declared on the menu and restaurant staff were informed of a food allergy. Conclusions Allergic reactions in restaurants are common and can be severe. Findings presented here underscore the need for restaurant staff training and mandatory declaration of allergenic ingredients in meals. This updated knowledge will help support advocacy efforts and inform patients, allergists, and the restaurant industry on best practices for dining out to improve the quality of life for food allergic individuals.
Risks of Testosterone for Postmenopausal Women

Transdermal testosterone therapy, dosed within premenopausal physiologic testosterone ranges, used alone or with menopausal hormone therapy for postmenopausal hypoactive sexual desire disorder, has shown short-term efficacy, with few androgenic side effects. After natural or surgical menopause, meaningful improvements include an additional satisfying sexual episode per month; improvement in desire, arousal, orgasm, pleasure, and responsiveness; and a reduction in distress. Long-term data on cardiovascular, cancer, and cognitive safety are lacking. No approved testosterone preparation is available for women. Compounded testosterone creams or reduced dosing of male-approved therapies represent off-label use. Injections or pellets cause supraphysiological testosterone levels and are not recommended.
“Kyivan Christianity”: Early Modern Cultural History and Impulses for Dialogue Between Churches in Ukraine

This chapter examines cultural history as an inclusive approach to study the history of the church in the multireligious early modern Eastern Europe in general and Ukraine in particular. It is not a confessional history that focuses on certain confessional communities but considers the cultural history of specific religious communities including all of its problems and achievements as well as favorable and inconvenient historical facts. This research claims that the concept of Kyivan Christianity remains promising for the long-term research issues as well as for the up-to-date evaluation of the religious and cultural processes in contemporary Ukraine.
A Twenty-Year Analysis of Demographics, Surgical Management, and Outcomes of Aortic Stenosis in New Jersey

We investigated the incidence and characteristics of 14,996 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who were hospitalized in New Jersey between the years 1995 to 2015. The average age was 72, the majority were Caucasian males and common co-morbidities were hypertension, coronary artery disease and hypercholesterolemia. Hospital admission for AS declined between 1995 to 2007, to 10/100,000 patients, and increased to 15/100,000 patients in 2015 (p for trend <0.001). During the study period, the percentage of patients who received aortic valve replacement (AVR) increased (p <0.001). All-cause and cardiovascular mortality were higher among patients who did not undergo AVR at 1-year (HR 1.98 CI 1.75 to 2.23, p <0.001 and HR 1.82 CI 1.57 to 2.11, p <0.001, respectively) and 3-years (HR 2.16 CI 1.96 to 2.38, p <0.001 and HR 2.16 CI 1.90 to 2.45, p <0.001, respectively). The probability for readmission for AS was higher in patients who did not receive AVR compared to patients who had AVR at 1 year (HR 92.95 CI 57.85 to 149.35, p <0.001) and 3 years (HR 70.36 CI 47.18 to 104.95, p <0.001). These data imply that earlier diagnosis of AS and AVR when indicated will improve outcomes.