cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 3 follow-up application: improving patient care and compliance

With the current emphasis on healthcare reform and cost effectiveness, methods to increase healthcare efficiency while improving outcomes are paramount. With reference to breast cancer, delay in diagnosis can cause significant morbidity and mortality, as well as increased long term health care costs. Assessment with short interval mammographic follow-up of BI-RADS category 3 lesions has been shown to increase detection of a small number of breast cancers at an early stage. Because of the importance of timely follow-up for these patients, we propose a novel computer application that identifies patients due for short-term mammographic follow-up, thus reducing costly hours spent by personnel, reducing human error, and improving patient compliance. Our web-based application mines radiology reports and scheduling information to generate lists of patients due for short-term mammographic follow-up of BI-RADS category 3 results. The results can be placed in a worklist that can be used by a staff member to contact patients to schedule follow-up appointments. Additional analytic features of the application can identify referral characteristics that may serve as potential sources for improvement of patient follow-up. We believe that an automated system can be designed to improve patient care and compliance with follow-up of BI-RADS category 3 results.
Profiles of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and prolactin in rams of diverse breeds: effects of contrasting short (8L:16D) and long (16L:8D) photoperiods.

Mature rams of Polled Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Rambouillet and Suffolk breeding were maintained in a temperature-controlled environment and exposed to two consecutive cycles of short (8L:16D) followed by long (16L:8D) days. Serum hormone concentrations were determined in weekly samples and in 24-h profiles characterized at the end of each lighting schedule (i.e., 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks). In all four breeds, the pituitary-testicular axis was more active during short days as compared with long days and the magnitudes of changes in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone concentrations were greater for the two most seasonal breeds, Finnish Landrace and Suffolks. In comparison to other breeds, Finnish Landrace rams had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher mean LH levels, showed the greatest number of LH peaks/24 h, and had the highest mean testosterone levels at the end of both periods of short days, while Rambouillet rams had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower testosterone. Rambouillets also showed the smallest changes in pulsatile LH and testosterone secretion and displayed the least number of LH peaks/24 h following short days. Serum FSH levels were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in Finnish Landrace and Suffolk rams than in Polled Dorsets and Rambouillets after 12 weeks of short days. Breed differences in serum LH, FSH and testosterone were not apparent following long days. Prolactin levels in Rambouillet rams were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than in the other breeds following both periods of long days. These results indicate that breed differences exist in mature rams with regard to hormone secretory profiles. Breed differences in serum gonadotropin and testosterone are only apparent during short days when the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in rams is considered most active. Likewise, breed differences in prolactin are noticeable only during long days when secretion of this hormone is enhanced. Breed differences in LH, FSH and testosterone secretion in rams during short days might be related to seasonality of mating and/or fecundity of breed types.
Generalized Diffusion Tensor Imaging (GDTI): A Method for Characterizing and Imaging Diffusion Anisotropy Caused by Non‐Gaussian Diffusion

For non-Gaussian distributed random displacement, which is common in restricted diffusion, a second-order diffusion tensor is incapable of fully characterizing the diffusion process. The insufficiency of a second-order tensor is evident in the limited capability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in resolving multiple fiber orientations within one voxel of human white matter. A generalized diffusion tensor imaging (GDTI) method was recently proposed to solve this problem by generalizing Fick's law to a higher-order partial differential equation (PDE). The relationship between the higher-order tensor coefficients of the PDE and the higher-order cumulants of the random displacement can be derived. The statistical property of the diffusion process was fully characterized via the higher-order tensor coefficients by reconstructing the probability density function (PDF) of the molecular random displacement. Those higher-order tensor coefficients can be measured using conventional diffusion-weighted imaging or spectroscopy techniques. Simulations demonstrated that this method was capable of quantitatively characterizing non-Gaussian diffusion and accurately resolving multiple fiber orientations. It can be shown that this method is consistent with the q-space approach. The second-order approximation of GDTI was shown to be DTI.
Vastus lateralis flaps for chronic recalcitrant hip infection

Between January 1991 and May 1994, 11 patients with chronic recalcitrant infection of the hip joint were successfully treated by transposition of a vastus lateralis flap. The average duration of the infection was 7.9 months. The patients had undergone an average of 2.8 procedures in an attempt to eradicate the infection before transposition of the flap. Three patients had recurrence of drainage after the procedure and were successfully treated with antibiotics and local debridement. Delayed exchange total hip arthroplasty was performed in 2 patients. All the patients achieved wound healing and infection resolution. This flap has several advantages. The donor site has not usually been scarred from previous operations; the flap has a consistent vascular pedicle which permits a wide arc of rotation; knee extension is unaffected; the transposed portion of the vastus lateralis can act as a cushion between the acetabulum and the proximal femur; it may also act as a tether to prevent extreme proximal migration of the femur. In the management of chronic recalcitrant infection of the hip, use of a transposition flap can be combined with a Girdlestone arthroplasty. It can also be an interim procedure before a further total joint arthroplasty.
The role of Haemophilus somnus in bovine early embryonic death. II. Persistence of the organism in the uterus following intrauterine exposure

A study using six healthy, mature virgin Holstein-Friesian heifers was designed to determine the persistence of Haemophilussomnus in the uterus following intrauterine exposure. Treatment heifers (n = 4) were exposed by intrauterine infusion, 26 h after standing estrus, to approximately 1.5 × 109H.somnus organisms (Iowa strain 1229) suspended in 10 ml of 0.85% sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Control heifers (n = 2) were infused with sterile PBS as a placebo. One endometrial biopsy specimen and a peripheral blood sample were collected from each heifer just prior to H.somnus or placebo administration and every day thereafter until five negative results were obtained, except for one heifer from which specimens and samples were collected for 16 d after exposure. H.somnus was recovered from three of the four exposed heifers. Of the heifers from which H.somnus was recovered, only one heifer had the organism in the uterus beyond Day 6 postexposure. Our studies would suggest that H.somnus is transient in the bovine uterus.
THE PERCEPTIONS AND USAGE OF STATISTICAL POWER IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

We first assess the current level of statistical power across articles in seven leading journals that represent a broad sample of applied psychology and management research. We next survey the authors of these articles to examine their perceptions and usage of statistical power analysis. Finally, we examine the perceptions and usage of power analysis in a survey of authors of regression-based research appearing in leading journals. Findings from the assessment of power and surveys of researchers indicate that power analyses are not typically conducted, researchers perceive little need for statistical power, and power in published research is low. We conclude by discussing implications of low power for the field and recommending avenues for improving researchers' awareness and usage of statistical power.
Maximum rate of change of the differential reflection phase shift with respect to the angle of incidence for light reflection at the surface of an absorbing medium: Èrratum

The differential reflection phase shift, Δ = δp − δs, associated with the external reflection of monochromatic light at the surface of an absorbing medium is a monotonically decreasing function of the angle of incidence ϕ which is determined by the complex dielectric function ∊. A new special angle of incidence, denoted by ϕΔ′max, is defined at which the slope Δ′ = ∂Δ/∂ϕ of the Δ–ϕ curve is maximum negative, Δmax′, and a transcendental equation is derived that determines this angle. ϕΔ′max differs from the principal angle ϕp at which Δ = 90°. As an example, ϕΔ′ max is calculated by numerical iteration for light reflection at the air–Si interface for photon energies hν from 1.7 to 5.6 eV in steps of 0.1 eV, and is plotted, along with the associated maximum slope Δmax′, vs wavelength λ. It is noted that ϕΔ′ max > ϕp at every λ, a result that may hold in general. Also, for 4.5 ≤ hν ≤ 5.6 eV, ϕΔ′ max = 90°, so that a maximum negative slope occurs at grazing incidence in this spectral range. Another interesting observation is that, when |∊| ≫ 1 (e.g., for metals in the IR), Δ′(90°) is a direct measure of the extinction coefficient k = Im∊1/2.
Roles of the FabA and FabZ β-Hydroxyacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Dehydratases in Escherichia coli Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

There are two genes, fabA and fabZ, encoding β-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) dehydratases that function in the dissociated, type II fatty acid synthase system of Escherichia coli. We have investigated their roles in fatty acid synthesis by purifying the two proteins and reconstituting cycles of fatty acid synthesis in vitro using five other purified proteins. FabA and FabZ exhibited broad, overlapping chain length specificities. The FabZ dehydratase efficiently catalyzed the dehydration of short chain β-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and long chain saturated and unsaturated β-hydroxyacyl-ACPs. FabA was most active on intermediate chain length β-hydroxyacyl-ACPs and also possessed significant activity toward both short and long chain saturated β-hydroxyacyl-ACPs. Significantly, FabA was virtually inactive in the dehydration of long chain unsaturated β-hydroxyacyl-ACP. The introduction of the double bond at the 10-carbon stage of fatty acid synthesis by FabA was only detected in the presence of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I (FabB). A yeast two-hybrid analysis failed to detect an interaction between FabA and FabB, therefore the channeling of intermediates toward unsaturated fatty acid synthesis by FabB was attributed to the affinity of the condensing enzyme for cis-decenoyl-ACP. The broad substrate specificity of FabZ coupled with the inactivity of FabA toward a long chain unsaturated β-hydroxyacyl-ACP provides a biochemical explanation for the phenotypes of cells with genetically altered levels of the two dehydratases.
Characterization of 9Cr-1MoVNb steel by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering

Abstract The size distribution and volume fraction of Cr23C6 precipitates in 9Cr-1MoVNb steel have been isolated from the distributions of all other precipitates by the technique of anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering. Three X-ray wavelengths near the Cr K absorption edge were used to vary the scattering contrast of Cr23C6 while that of the other precipitates was left unchanged. Size distributions calculated from each scattering curve using a maximum entropy method were combined by a scattering contrast gradient analysis to isolate the volume-fraction size distribution of the chromium carbides. Behavior of these carbides was studied as a function of isothermal aging temperature. Mean diameter is smallest and Cr23C6 number density is highest after aging at 811 K. Above 811 K, the mean diameter of the chromium carbides increases with increasing aging temperature.
Inverse Optimization: An Application to the Capacitated Plant Location Problem

Lagrangean techniques have had wide application to the optimization of discrete optimization problems. Inverse optimization refers to the fact that each time a Lagrangean calculation is made for a specific problem with a given resources vector, an optimal solution is obtained for a related problem with a suitably adjusted resources vector. This property is studied in depth for the capacitated plant location problem and new parametric methods for that problem are suggested. Computational experience is reported.
Computer‐assisted positioning of radiotherapy patients using implanted radiopaque fiducials

For certain external beam radiotherapy procedures, precise alignment of patients with the treatment beam is essential for good treatment outcome. A method has been developed for quickly achieving precise patient alignment with the aid of stereoscopically located fiducial markers. The alignment algorithm is developed from standard rigid body mechanics using closed form solutions, obviating the need for iterative fitting methods. The technique is implemented with a digitizing tablet and plane film radiographs. The accuracy of alignment with this method in phantom studies is better than 1 mm and 1 deg relative to CT data. The repeatability of positioning is 0.5 mm (standard deviation) and 0.36 deg (standard deviation).
Less Common Uses of Amphetamines

(1978). Less Common Uses of Amphetamines. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 10, Stimulant Use, Misuse and Abuse: A Ten Year Follow-Up, pp. 327-329.
Solidarity and Agency: Rethinking Community Development

Despite its four decade-long history, community development is still insufficiently conceptualized. Its name is buried under various euphemisms, although its ideology has become the legitimizing cachet for social interventions of all sorts. This paper presents a reformulation of the classic idea of community development as the pursuit of solidarity and agency. Such a formulation aligns community development with the central intellectual concerns of today. While community development pursues the same goals as many other endeavors, its distinctiveness lies in the manner in which it pursues them, namely, by adhering to the principles of self-help, felt needs, and participation.
Correlation of Spurious Potassium Elevation and Platelet Count in Dogs

Summary Paired serum and plasma electrolyte determinations were measured on 26 dogs. The difference between plasma and serum electrolyte concentrations was compared to the platelet and leukocyte counts. An increase in serum potassium concentration over plasma potassium concentration was found which correlated linearly with the platelet count. No correlation with white cell count was found. A statistically significant increase in serum sodium concentration over plasma sodium concentration was also noted; however, this change did not correlate with the number of platelets or white cells. It is concluded that thrombocytosis, previously known to cause spurious elevation in serum potassium concentration in humans, can also do so in dogs and, presumably, other species.
Thermal Conductivities of Unidirectional Materials

In this paper the composite thermal conductivities of unidirectional composites are studied and expressions are obtained for predicting these conductivities in the directions along and normal to the filaments. In the direction along the filament an expression is presented based on the assumption that the filaments and matrix are connected in parallel. In the direction normal to the filaments composite thermal conductivity values are obtained first by utilizing the analogy between the response of a unidirectional composite to longitudinal shear loading and to transverse heat transfer; second by replacing the filament-matrix composite with an idealized thermal model. The results of the shear loading analogy agree reasonably well with the results of the thermal model particularly at filament contents below about 60%. These results were also compared to experimental data reported in the literature and good agreement was found between the data and those theoretical results that were derived for circular filaments arranged in a square packing array.
Freud's confrontation with the telic mind.

Sigmund Freud's relations with four significant figures in his life are traced: Ernst Brucke, Josef Breuer, Wilhelm Fliess, and Carl G. Jung. In each of these relationships, Freud was confronted with the dilemma of wanting to describe people in what is obviously a teleological fashion while simultaneously meeting the strictures of natural-science reductions to the nontelic. Freud initially fell back on a dialectical theory, but later substituted libido theory as a concession to biological reductionism. Strangely enough, in depolarizing libido as the 'power behind the sexual drive' Freud lost the opportunity to portray the clear teleology his theory calls for.
Hierarchical Organization of the Human Auditory Cortex Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The concept of hierarchical processing - that the sensory world is broken down into basic features later integrated into more complex stimulus preferences - originated from investigations of the visual cortex. Recent studies of the auditory cortex in nonhuman primates revealed a comparable architecture, in which core areas, receiving direct input from the thalamus, in turn, provide input to a surrounding belt. Here functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows that the human auditory cortex displays a similar hierarchical organization: pure tones (PTs) activate primarily the core, whereas belt areas prefer complex sounds, such as narrow-band noise bursts.
ON THE SPECIFICITY OF SEROLOGICAL REACTIONS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS (INHIBITION REACTIONS)

Experiments are described which confirm the result that the specificity of inhibitory reactions involving substituted aromatic acids is decidedly influenced by the position of the substituent. When antigens with specific groups of very simple constitution are used for the tests, inhibiting effects are obtained also with substances distantly related to those determining the reactivity of the antigens. On the other hand, if antigens are built up from protein and chemical compounds of somewhat higher complexity, the specificity of the inhibition reactions with synthetic crystallized substances is of the same order as that of the usual serum reactions; in other words, it is possible to distinguish such compounds by serological tests as readily as proteins can be differentiated with the aid of precipitating sera.
Electron detachment dissociation of glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides

The first application of electron detachment dissociation (EDD) to carbohydrates is presented. The structural characterization of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry is a longstanding problem because of the lability of these acidic, polysulfated carbohydrates. Doubly-charged negative ions of four GAG tetrasaccharides are examined by EDD, collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). EDD is found to produce information-rich mass spectra with both cross ring and glycosidic cleavage product ions. In contrast, most of the product ions produced by CAD and IRMPD result from glycosidic cleavage. EDD shows great potential as a tool for locating the sites of sulfation and other modifications in glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides.
Grazing-incidence ellipsoidal reflector for longitudinally pumping short-wavelength lasers

We propose using a prolate ellipsoid for collecting and focusing soft-x-ray radiation from a laser-produced plasma to longitudinally pump short-wavelength lasers. Total collection efficiencies greater than 20% at 10 nm into gain regions with aspect ratios of 25 are possible. This geometry offers several advantages with respect to present transverse multiple-spot geometries.
Perceived physical health and heart-focused anxiety among daily adult cigarette smokers: associations with affect-relevant smoking motives and outcome expectancies.

The present investigation examined heart-focused anxiety and perceived physical health in terms of affect-relevant cigarette smoking motives and outcome expectancies. Participants were a community sample of 140 adult daily smokers (81 women, mean age = 29.60 years, SD = 11.98). In terms of smoking motives, both heart-focused anxiety and perceived physical health incrementally predicted smoking for negative affect reduction motives above and beyond relevant covariates (gender, weekly alcohol consumption, daily smoking rate). Yet heart-focused anxiety, but not perceived physical health, was incrementally predictive of habitual motives, relative to the same covariates. With regard to smoking outcome expectancies, heart-focused anxiety was incrementally predictive of negative reinforcement outcome expectancies, whereas perceived physical health was not. Alternatively, perceived physical health was incrementally predictive of negative personal consequence outcome expectancies, but heart-focused anxiety was not...
Handling packet loss in WebRTC

WebRTC is an open-source real-time interactive audio and video communication framework. This paper discusses some of the mechanisms utilized in WebRTC to handle packet losses in the video communication path. Various system details are discussed and an adaptive hybrid NACK/FEC method with temporal layers is presented. Results are shown to quantify how the method controls the quality trade-offs for real-time video communication.
On the isomorphism of group algebras

Let R (G) be the group ring of a finite group G with coefficients from a ring R. The isomorphism problem of group rings, namely, when for a fixed ring Rand two finite groups G and H if R(G) and R(H) are isomorphic so are G and H, remains unsettled in general, even when R is restricted to be the ring of rational integers Z. In case G is abelian, and R is Z, Q (the rational number field), Zp (the field of p elements) or OE (the ring of algebraic integers in an algebraic number field E), the problem has been solved by HIGMAN[7], PERLISand WALKER[8], DESKINS[5] and COHNand LIVINGSTONE [2] respectively. If G is not assumed to be abelian some progress has been made by COLEMAN[3] and COHNand LIVINGSTONE [2]. In this paper we study group algebras of groups with
A Model of Communication Effectiveness

Until now, there has been an obvious absence of a simple mathematical model of interpersonal and mass media communication effectiveness. Although theorists have attempted quantification of certain of the variables that are the determinants of effect, none have developed a desirable codification for effectiveness. This model does create an effect quantity which is called the Angle of Effectiueness. The size of the angle is dependent on both message strength and perceived social-psychological distance. Social-psychological distance is defined as a master continuum on which an individual's position is determined by the horizontal components of internal personality and external social forces. Predispositions on any one subject are the vertical components of these same forces. The model's predictive ability is based on research evidence to date on the effects of message strength, and psychological and sociological influences on attitude and behavioral change. The concept of an Angle of Effectiveness will prove useful in evolving a total theory of communication effectiveness.
Kin recognition of worker brood by worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L.

Experimental colonies of honey bees consisting of two patrilines were observed as they reared worker brood. Seven behavior patterns that relate to brood care were recorded. Worker bees biased the care they provided to eggs and larvae destined to become workers on the basis of brood patrilines. Both patrilineal and antipatrilineal preferences in various behavioral patterns were observed. There was variation among colonies that may have been the result of the frequencies of brood of each patriline and the total amount of brood available to be reared. In addition, there were some differences between workers of the two patrilines in the way that they cared for the two patrilines of brood.
Student Perceptions of the Observer Role in High-Fidelity Simulation

Abstract Background This descriptive study examined baccalaureate nursing student perceptions of roles played in high-fidelity patient simulation, focusing on the observer role. Methods Qualitative interview and survey data were collected from senior nursing students at two universities (N = 23 observers; N = 27 traditional roles) after completing a scheduled high-fidelity simulation. Results Descriptive and qualitative data were analyzed with three themes emerging: conceptualizing the learning experience, capturing the big picture, and connecting with the team. Themes were supported by qualitative written survey responses and the clinical judgment model by Tanner (2006). Conclusions Simulations can provide learning opportunities for the observer in each simulation phase. Implications include framing the observer as a valued team member and using the best practices to engage the observer.
Simultaneous Formation of Front and Back Contacts on Solar Cells Using Optical Processing

A new approach for semiconductor processing is described in which a melt is created at a semiconductor-metal (S-M) interface by shining light of a suitable spectrum from the semiconductor side. The melt can be controlled and confined to a thin region in the vicinity of the interface by controlling the energy delivered to the interface. The interface region regrows epitaxially on silicon as a Si-metal alloy. This phenomenon appears to be an optically induced effect. The interface reaction is greatly diminished if the light is incident from the metal side. This effect is applied to form low resistivity contacts to N+/P type solar cells in a one-step process.
Tectonics and Sedimentation in Relation to Occurrence of Prolific Cretaceous Oil Fields: ABSTRACT

Many large new discoveries of oil and gas during the past few years have been made in Cretaceous strata. These fields occur in many parts of the world and have very similar reservoir and entrapment characteristics. The worldwide orogeny near the end of the Early Cretaceous produced sharp uplifts, folding, epeirogenic warps, and a general marine regression to create a complicated paleogeography. Subsidence along shelf edges allowed accelerated reef growth, evaporites were deposited in the marginal supratidal sabkhas, and sandstones derived from granitic terrane or reworked from newly uplifted older strata were widely distributed. These features were subjected to erosion in many areas and then rapidly overlapped by the widespread Albian to early Late Cretaceous marine transgression which created 4 types of traps in which Cretaceous oil and gas accumulated: (1) Lower Cretaceous sandstone overlain by upper Lower Cretaceous evaporites (Cabinda B field, offshore west Africa), (2) upper Lower Cretaceou shelf carbonates (offshore Iran and southern Persian Gulf), (3) upper Lower Cretaceous or lower Upper Cretaceous deltaic and littoral sandstones overlain by deeper water marine shale (Bell Creek, Montana; Oriente Plain, Ecuador-Colombia; Western Desert, Egypt; Barrow Island, Australia; Tyumen Province, western Siberia), and (4) folded and eroded oil-producing Triassic, Jurassic, and Lower Cretaceous beds unconformably overlain by Albian to Upper Cretaceous strata (northern Alaska). The late Early Cretaceous tectonic history indicates that numerous large petroleum accumulations in Lower Cretaceous to Cenomanian strata await discovery throughout the world. End_of_Article - Last_Page 359------------
Predictors of Hearing Protection Behavior Among Firefighters in the United States

Background Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major occupational health problem that can be prevented through the use of hearing protection devices (HPDs).
Bolus Mitomycin C and 5-FU with Sequential Radiation for Poor-Prognosis Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

Abstract Forty patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma were entered into a protocol utilizing the bolus administration of both mitomycin C (10 or 15 mg) on Day 1 and 5-fluorouracil (400 mg) on Days 1–5 followed by sequential pelvic irradiation on Day 6 between September 1980 and October 1985. All patients had poor-prognosis FIGO stage IB, IIB, IIIB, or IVA disease. Only patients with poor prognostic factors such as bulky tumor masses of 5 cm or greater noted on the initial physical exam (37 patients) or poorly differentiated histology (3 patients) were eligible for this study. There were three severe side effects seen in the 24 patients receiving 15 mg mitomycin C. One patient developed thrombocytopenia, one patient developed acute radiation enteritis, and the third patient developed radiation proctitis requiring laser therapy. Only 1 of 16 patients receiving 10 mg mitomycin C developed a complication (thrombocytopenia). Neutropenia was mild in all patients. No infections were seen. Thrombocytopenia never warranted platelet transfusion. No patients developed therapy-related bowel obstruction or fistulae. Median follow-up was 11.3 years with a range of 6.2–14.2 years. A complete response rate of 63%, a local control rate of 58%, and a 5-year survival rate of 44% were obtained. This does not appear to offer any benefit over radiation alone. This present study supports the superiority of higher dose concurrent infusional chemotherapy and radiation over low-dose sequential bolus chemotherapy and radiation.
Four Species of the Bryaceae New to the U.S.A.

Abstract. Recent floristic and herbarium work has revealed four species of the Bryaceae new to North America north of Mexico. Brachymenium exile is reported from southern Florida, while Brachymeniun vinosulum is reported from springs in Arizona, Colorado and New Mexico. Bryum mildeanum is reported from Maine and the mountains of Colorado, while Bryum veronense is reported from Colorado in a semiarid site in the Front Range.
What a world assembly could look like

I identify some basic institutional features that can make a world assembly viable in terms of size and degree of complexity. The most potentially satisfactory model is a bicameral assembly formed by a lower chamber with about 2000 seats (of which about one-fourth would be elected in single-member districts and about three-fourths in multimember districts of proportional representation with moderate magnitude) and an upper chamber of territorial representation based on about 700 territorial units all across the world (basically corresponding to the nearly 200 currently independent states plus about 500 regional governments).
Valproate semisodium ER for migraine and cluster headache prophylaxis

Importance of the field: Migraine and cluster headache (CH) are disabling syndromes that often require prophylactic treatment. Valproate semisodium ER (VPS ER) is FDA-approved for the treatment of epilepsy, acute mania in bipolar disorder and migraine prophylaxis.Areas covered in this review: We reviewed literature regarding VPS ER pharmacokinetics and its use in migraine and CH prophylaxis.What the reader will gain: VPS ER is well studied and effective in the preventive treatment of migraine and CH. This article reviews the evidence for its use, describes how to administer and dose this medication, and reviews important safety precautions.Take home message: VPS ER is effective in the prophylactic treatment of migraine and CH. This once-a-day dosing formulation may increase compliance.
A Pattern Recognition Tool for Automatic Etch Process Quality Check

This paper presents an automatic tool for image analysis applied to semiconductor in-line inspections. The goal of this tool is to understand automatically which contacts in the wafer have been not completely etched during the plasma process and an etch step. For this reason we developed an algorithm able to classify the observed structures in scanning electron microscope (SEM) inspections. Such recognition provides a quick and detailed analysis of the under-etched contacts, which is based on fixed rules and thus objective. Automation controls, applied to the tool results, allow for complete monitoring of etch chambers and of the SEM images quality as well. Applying this tool should result in cost saving and yield increase.
tert-Butyl 4-(4-chloro-anilino)-6-methyl-2-oxocyclo-hex-3-ene-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C18H22ClNO3, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the conjugated part of the enaminone ring is 55.19 (9)°. The ester substituent makes a dihedral angle of 81.0 (2)° with this latter moiety. The crystal structure features N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions.
Knowing Someone with AIDS: The Impact on Adolescents

Tested 25 adolescents who reported knowing a person with AIDS or HIV (PWA) and were matched by gender, race, grade, school type, and academic achievement with 25 adolescents who reported not knowing a PWA. The groups were compared with respect to their knowledge, beliefs, and social anxiety about AIDS and with respect to their worries about personal vulnerability to HIV infection. Social anxiety was significantly lower in those reporting knowing someone with AIDS than in the matching group. No significant differences between the two groups were found for knowledge, beliefs, or vulnerability worries. The implications of these findings for research on AIDS interventions with adolescents are discussed.
The relationship between plasma amyloid-β peptides and the medial temporal lobe in the homebound elderly.

Background The ratio of high amyloid-β peptide40 (Aβ40) and low Aβ42 in plasma predicts the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with episodic recall in depression. We thus examined the relationship between plasma Aβ levels and brain volumes. Methods Homebound elders (N = 352) who had undergone brain MRI were used. Plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 were measured by ELISA. Volumes of medial temporal regions, including the amygdala and hippocampus, were manually measured. Results Amygdala volume was associated with log10 of plasma Aβ1-42 (β = +0.19, SE = 0.07, p = 0.005) after adjusting for AD, infarcts, white matter hyperintensities and demographics. In the absence of dementia, decreasing quartiles of plasma Aβ1-42 (Mean + SD ml: Q4 = 4.1 ± 0.8; Q3 = 3.9 ± 0.7; Q2 = 3.6 ± 0.8 and Q1 = 3.7 ± 0.8, p = 0.01) and increasing quartiles of plasma Aβ1-40/1-42 ratio were associated with smaller amygdala volume. Those depressed subjects with a high plasma Aβ1-40/1-42 ratio had smaller amygdala (Mean + SD ml: 3.3 ± 0.8 vs. 3.6 ± 0.8, p = 0.04) and total brain volume (Mean + SD liter: 0.95 ± 0.07 vs. 1.04 ± 0.12, p = 0.005), and had a higher rate of MCI (67 vs. 36%, p = 0.02) than those with a low plasma Aβ1-40/1-42 ratio. Conclusions The combination of low plasma Aβ1-42 concentration and atrophy of the medial temporal lobe structures, which regulates mood and cognition, may represent a biomarker for a prodromal stage of AD. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender Differences across Correlated Corpora: Preliminary Results

Does genre affect the way we communicate? We are especially interested in how computer mediation affects the style and content of communication. In an effort to find features related to choice of genre, we have created correlated corpora of writing and speech samples from a single population of subjects. All written and spoken text was opinion-related with topics prescribed and moderated. This paper reports some preliminary results of analysis of a portion of this corpus with an emphasis on linguistic features that may be gender-related.
Structure-directing influences of dipodal organoimine ligands: hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a three-dimensional cobalt vanadate, [Co3(bpypr)4(H2O)4V6O18]·2H2O (bpypr=1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane)

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of CoCl2·6H2O, NaVO3, 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane (bpypr) and water in the mole ratio 1.0:1.1:2.0:1500 at 120 °C for 48 h yields [ Co 3 ( bpypr ) 4 ( H 2 O ) 4 V 6 O 18 ]·2 H 2 O ( 1 ·2 H 2 O ) as red crystals in 45% yield. The structure of 1 is constructed from three distinct substructures: two-dimensional {Co(bpypr)2}n2n+ networks, one-dimensional {Co(H2O)2(bpypr)}n2n+ chains and vanadate spirals. Each vanadate chain links two adjacent networks, while vanadate and cobalt chains interlink to form a three-dimensional framework. Crystal data for C26H34N6O12Co1.5V3: monoclinic P21/n, a=13.0977(7) A, b=16.5226(a) A, c=15.3842(8) A, β=102.246(1)°, V=3253.5(3) A3, Z=4, D calc.=1.706 g cm −3 . Synopsis: The hydrothermal reaction of CoCl2·6H2O, NaVO3, 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane (bpypr) and water yields the three-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid material [Co3(bpypr)4(H2O)4V6O18]·2H2O, shown below.
Assembly and Function of the RNA Editing Complex in Trypanosoma brucei Requires Band III Protein

Trypanosome RNA editing, the posttranscriptional insertion and deletion of U residues in mitochondrial transcripts, is catalyzed by a protein complex containing seven distinct proteins. In this study, we cloned the gene for band III, a 555-amino-acid protein with two separate zinc finger motifs. We prepared antibodies that showed band III protein cofractionates with the previously characterized band IV protein throughout the purification of the editing complex and is not found free or in other protein associations; therefore, it is a true constituent of the editing complex. Double-stranded RNA interference efficiently depleted band III protein and demonstrated that band III expression is essential for growth of procyclic trypanosomes and for RNA editing. These depleted cell extracts were deficient specifically in guide RNA-directed endonuclease cleavage at both U deletion and U insertion sites and in the activity of the band IV ligase, but they retained the 3′-U-exonuclease and terminal-U-transferase activities as well as band V ligase of the editing complex. Loss of band III protein also resulted in almost complete loss of the band IV ligase protein and altered sedimentation of the band V ligase. These data indicate that band III is either the RNA editing endonuclease or a factor critical for cleavage activity in the editing complex. They also demonstrate that band III is required for proper assembly of the editing complex.
Loneliness, anxiousness, and substance use as predictors of Facebook use

This study investigates the relationships between loneliness, anxiousness, alcohol, and marijuana use in the prediction of freshman college students' connections with others on the social network site Facebook as well as their emotional connectedness to Facebook. A survey of 229 respondents was conducted at a mid-sized public university to examine these relationships. Respondents were currently living in university dormitories and had an active Facebook account. The study examined the aforementioned predictor variables in relation to Facebook connections strategies and emotional connectedness to Facebook. Results showed that anxiousness, alcohol use, and marijuana use predicted emotional attachment to Facebook. Additionally, loneliness and anxiousness, but not alcohol or marijuana use, predicted individuals' connections with others using Facebook. The current study adds to the growing body of literature investigating predictors of why individuals become emotionally attached to Facebook and the precursors to connecting with others on Facebook.
Utilization of Urea by Some Marine PHYTOPLANKTERS1

Three diatoms from the Sargasso Sea and two diatoms and a haptophyte flagellate from an inshore area near Woods IIolc exhibited similar growth rates on urea, nitrate, and ammonia. A coccolithophore Emiliana (Coccolithus) huxleyi from the Sargasso Sea did not grow on urea. The half-saturation constant (K) for urea determined for one inshore diatom, Stephanopyxis costata ( Skeletonema costatum), was 8.5 pg-atom urea-N liter-l. At the urea concentrations of its habitats, the calculated division rate for this species, growing on urea as the sole nitrogen source, was 2.2 days, similar to that of diatoms growing in inshore habitats. It appears, from data on natural urea concentrations and urea uptake rates by S. costata, that urea can be ,a significant N source for at least one common inshore phytoplankter. According to growth rate studies, at least three inshore and three offshore marine phytoplankton can grow as rapidly on urea as on nitrate or ammonia,
Verification of high-order mixed finite-element solution of transient magnetic diffusion problems

We develop and present high-order mixed finite-element discretizations of the time-dependent electromagnetic diffusion equations for solving eddy-current problems on three-dimensional unstructured grids. The discretizations are based on high-order H(Grad), H(Curl), and H(Div) conforming finite-element spaces combined with an implicit and unconditionally stable generalized Crank-Nicholson time differencing method. We develop three separate electromagnetic diffusion formulations, namely the E (electric field), H(magnetic field), and the A-/spl phi/ (potential) formulations. For each formulation, we also provide a consistent procedure for computing the secondary variables J(current flux density) and B(magnetic flux density), as these fields are required for the computation of electromagnetic force and heating terms. We verify the error convergence properties of each formulation via a series of numerical experiments on canonical problems with known analytic solutions. The key result is that the different formulations are equally accurate, even for the secondary variables J and B, and hence the choice of which formulation to use depends mostly on relevance of the natural and essential boundary conditions to the problem of interest. In addition, we highlight issues with numerical verification of finite-element methods that can lead to false conclusions on the accuracy of the methods.
Executive ability and physical performance in urban Black older adults

Executive dysfunction is correlated with disability in tasks of daily living. Less is known about the relationship between cognition, particularly executive dysfunction, and physical performance. This study investigated how executive ability, measured by the Trail Making Test, Part B (TMT-B), Controlled Oral Word Association test (COWA) and Animal Naming (AN), related to completion of physical tasks on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The sample included 68 urban-dwelling Black adults ages 59-95. AN and TMT-B accounted for 6.2% and 7.1% of the variance, respectively, in SPPB total score after controlling for general cognitive functioning (Mini Mental Status Exam) and demographics. COWA and the MMSE did not obtain significance. Only the TMT-B remained significant after accounting for illness burden. Findings suggest that executive ability is related to physical performance in older urban Black adults more than general cognitive functioning. This relationship is attenuated by illness burden.
Effects of Project Versus Parallel Groups on Social Interaction and Affective Responses in Senior Citizens

Using activity analysis, occupational therapists structure group activities to meet the needs and goals of group members. This study compared the effects of project group structure (subjects participate together on a common task) with parallel group structure (subjects each have a task) in a sample of healthy seniors (32 women and 9 men). Subjects randomly assigned to either experimental condition made creative and imitative collages in a counter-balanced order. Time-sampled observations revealed that project group subjects talked and looked at others significantly more than parallel group subjects. On-task and laughing behaviors were also measured, but results were inconclusive. Project group subjects rated their activities higher on the action factor of the Osgood semantic differential (OSD) than did parallel group subjects, but there were no other differences on the OSD or on MacKenzie's Group Climate Questionnaire. Nor were there significant main effects between the creative collage and the imitative collage. Results are discussed both in terms of group task structure as an occupational therapy tool and in terms of methodologies for future activity analysis research.
Understanding the Gender Differences in Pathways to Social Deviancy: Relational Aggression and Emotion Regulation

This study explored the associations among childhood emotion regulation, overt aggression, relational aggression, and adolescent deviant social behaviors. Data were drawn from the Family Health Project, a longitudinal study conducted over 4 years. The sample consisted of 111 children at Time 1 who ranged in age from 51/2 to 12 years at Time 1 and 8 to 14 years at Time 3. A significant finding was that, for girls, lower emotion regulation predicted later relational aggression ( β = −2.95, P
How to build a brain: Multiple memory systems have evolved and only some of them are constructivist

Much of our work with enriched experience and training in animals supports the Quartz & Sejnowski (Q&S) thesis that environmental information can interact with pre-existing neural structures to produce new synapses and neural structure. However, substantial data as well as an evolutionary perspective indicate that multiple information-capture systems exist: some are constructivist, some are selectionist, and some may be tightly constrained.
On Almost Double Resolution Improvement for Off-Axis Electron Holography

Off-axis electron holography (EH) is currently the most popular and direct experimental technique for precise phase measurements of complex object exit-wave functions created by scattering of coherent electron beams on complex nano-objects studied by the EH in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Usually, practical resolution of reconstructed phase map is limited by an appropriate Fourier-filter window size applied to one of side-bands of the Fourier transform applied to experimental holograms recorded for different nanoobjects in TEM. The presence of strong autocorrelation spot in typical Fourier-transformed holograms is setting an optimal choice of the Fourier window and, whence, resolution limit, which typically does not exceed 1/2-1/3 of the distance ω (EH-carrier frequency) between the sideband and autocorrelation maximum in reciprocal space. Even for these optimized conditions the residual “cross-talking” effect between the sideband and central autocorrelation spot may still have a negative effect on the quality of reconstructed phase maps, if the autocorrelation spot appears to be strong and/or carrier frequency too low. Recently, similar problem was examined in light optics and novel solution [1] was suggested on resolution improvement for optical holograms without changing experimental setup.