cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obesity during pregnancy alters maternal oxidant balance and micronutrient status.

Little is known about the effect of obesity on inflammatory status in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of obesity on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and micronutrient status in obese pregnant women and their infants compared with lean controls (Lc). This was a prospective case–control study. A total of 15 obese (Ob; body mass index (BMI) >30 kg m−2) and 15 lean (BMI 18–25 kg m−2) women were recruited based on prepregnancy BMI. Vitamins A, B6, C, E and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), zinc, red blood cell (RBC) folate, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α and oxidized and reduced glutathione were measured from maternal blood between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Vitamins A, B6, C and E, 25(OH)D, zinc, red blood cell folate, CRP and IL-6 were measured from cord blood at delivery. Ob pregnant women have statistically significantly lower levels of vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, RBC folate, higher CRP and IL-6 levels and higher ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione compared with Lc pregnant women. Infants born to Ob mothers did not have statistically significantly higher measures of inflammation or oxidative stress. There were no differences in micronutrient concentrations between Lc and Ob infants, but folate, vitamin B6 and zinc levels correlated strongly between mother and infant. There was no statistically significant difference in any parameter between Ob and Lc cord blood. Ob pregnant women have increased inflammation and oxidative stress, and lower levels of nutritional antioxidant defenses compared with Lc pregnant women. We speculate that lower antioxidant defenses combined with increased oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to the adverse outcomes associated with pregnancy in Ob women.
ADR design for the Soft X-ray Spectrometer instrument on the Astro-H mission

Abstract In its instrument suite, the Japanese Astro-H mission will include the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS), whose 36-pixel detector array of ultra-sensitive X-ray microcalorimeters will be cooled to 50 mK. This will be accomplished using a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). A complicating factor for its design is that the ADR will be integrated into a superfluid helium dewar at 1.3 K that will be coupled to a 1.8 K Joule–Thomson (JT) stage through a heat switch. When liquid helium is present, the coupling will be weak, and the JT stage will act primarily as a shield to reduce parasitic heat loads. When the liquid is depleted, the heat switch will couple more strongly so that the ADR can continue to operate using the JT stage as its heat sink. A two-stage ADR is the most mass efficient option and it has the operational flexibility to work well with a stored cryogen and a cryocooler. The ADR’s design and operating modes are discussed, with emphasis on how they reflect the capabilities and limitations of the hybrid cryogenic system.
Are Older Adults Wiser Than College Students? A Comparison of Two Age Cohorts

This study examined whether (a) older adults are wiser than college students, (b) college-educated older adults are wiser than current college students, and (c) wise older adults show evidence of personal growth. Using a sample of 477 undergraduate college students and 178 older adults (age 52+), results showed that college students tended to score as high on the self-administered three-dimensional wisdom scale (3D-WS) as older adults. However, college-educated older adults tended to score significantly higher on the reflective and affective dimensions of wisdom and the overall score of the 3D-WS and than did current college students. Qualitative evidence suggests that many older adults, particularly in the top 20% of wisdom scorers, grew wiser with age by learning from life experiences. The results indicate that wisdom might increase with age for individuals with the opportunity and motivation to pursue its development.
A comment on recent teaching of human anatomy in the United States.

No societies or curricula are static, there fore, ideas and technologies move forward from one university to another and from one nation to another. A cascade of theoretical and technologic changes to all of American education began approximately thirty years ago to meet the needs of an invigorated, yet highly stressed society. As a consequence, anatomic curricula have evolved to: 1) shortened course hours, 2) the inclusion of problem-based learning (PBL), 3) reduced emphasis on dissection, and 4) increased reliance on computer-aided instruction (CAI). McMaster University in Canada and Maastricht University in the Netherlands were at the forefront of the PBL movement that since has made its way to quite a number of medical schools around the world. Although each American medical school is periodically monitored by the Association of American Medical Colleges, each designs its own curriculum and operates without federally-fixed standards, a feature which may account for a greater degree of experimentation in American medical education. What follows is a glimpse at the devolution of anatomic curricula in America, which begs the question, has it produced the desired product?
Software reuse for scientific computing through program generation

We present a program-generation approach to address a software-reuse challenge in the area of scientific computing. More specifically, we describe the design of a program generator for the specification of subroutines that can be generic in the dimensions of arrays, parameter lists, and called subroutines. We describe the application of that approach to a real-world problem in scientific computing which requires the generic description of inverse ocean modeling tools. In addition to a compiler that can transform generic specifications into efficient Fortran code for models, we have also developed a type system that can identify possible errors already in the specifications. This type system is important for the acceptance of the program generator among scientists because it prevents a large class of errors in the generated code.
Is Power Sexy?1

Using a set of network data from a large number of naturally occurring groups, this study seeks to determine whether powerful people are more likely to be seen as sexy by others than are persons without power. In particular, this study disentangles two aspects of power that are often confused, namely power as a dyadic relationship and power as an individual characteristic or position (which the author calls “status”). Most sociological theories that predict a relationship between power and sexiness argue that the connection will involve men of high status being sexier—or at least more attractive as partners—to women than will men of low status. While this study finds that there is indeed a connection between sexiness and power, it is instead women whose high status increases their sexiness (to men), while it is the interpersonal power of men that makes them sexy, both to men and to women.
Studies of the kinetics of the reactions of nitriles with dinitrogen complexes of molybdenum(0) and tungsten (0). Factors affecting the rate of dissociative loss of dinitrogen

Abstract The kinetics of the substitution of nitriles for dinitrogen in trans -[M(N 2 ) 2 -(dppe) 2 ] (M = Mo, W; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and cis -[M(N 2 ) 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 4 ] (M = Mo, W) complexes have been studied in toluene solution at various temperatures. In the case of trans -[Mo(N 2 ) 2 (dppe) 2 ], one dinitrogen is replaced by a nitrile in toluene and the kinetic data support an S n 1 dissociative mechanism ( k (PhCN) 3.6 X 10 -4 s -1 at 303 K; E a 28 kcal/mol; Δ H ≠ 27 kcal/mol; Δ S ≠ 15 cal/mol-deg). The analogous reaction with trans -[W(N 2 ) 2 (dppe) 2 ] was found to proceed only photochemically, with loss of one dinitrogen. The thermal activation energy for N 2 dissociation from trans -[W(N 2 ) 2 (dppe) 2 ] in toluene is estimated to be 38 kcal/mol. In the cis -[M)N 2 ) 2 (PMe 2 Ph) 4 ] (M = Mo, W) reactions in toluene, both dinitrogen ligands are replaced by nitriles in two consecutive dissociative steps ( k (Mo)/ k (W) ≈ 10 2 for each step).
A new heuristic solution method in resource‐constrained project scheduling

A new heuristic method is presented for the resolution of multiresource constrained conflicts in project scheduling. In attempting to find a minimal makespan solution, the algorithm employs a simple procedure to generate a feasible solution with no backtracking. A postanalysis phase then applies a hill-climbing search. The solution method is different from existing heuristic methods in that it repairs resource conflicts rather than constructs detailed schedules by dispatching activities. Resource-violating sets of activities are identified which must be prevented from concurrent execution because this would violate resource constraints. Repairs are made by imposing an arc to sequence two activities in such a resource violating set. Computational results are compared with those of existing heuristics for the minimal makespan problem.
Prelude to desert storm: The politicization of intelligence

(1993). Prelude to desert storm: The politicization of intelligence. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 43-54.
Model of the aerosol extinction profile in a well-mixed marine boundary layer

A simple model is described which predicts the vertical profile of aerosol extinction and the aerosol optical thickness at visible wavelengths in a well-mixed marine boundary layer, given the relative humidity and aerosol extinction coefficient at the surface (shipboard level) and the height of the boundary layer. The model is presented in the form of both analytical approximation formulas and nomograms.
Total synthesis of zyzzyanones A-D.

Zyzzyanones A–D is a group of biologically active marine alkaloids isolated from Australian marine sponge Zyzzya fuliginosa. They contain a unique bispyrroloquinone ring system as the core structure. The first total synthesis of all four zyzzyanones is described here. The synthesis of these alkaloids started from a previously known 6-benzylamino indole-4,7-quinone derivative and involves 6–7 steps. The key step in the synthesis involves the construction of a pyrrole ring in one step using a Mn(OAc)3 mediated oxidative free radical cyclization reaction of a 6-benzylamino indole-4,7-quinone derivative with 4-benzyloxyphenyl acetaldehyde diethyl acetal in CH3CN.
607 BIOTIN DEFICIENCY: A NOVEL COMPLICATION OF PARENTERAL ALIMENTATION

All reported cases of biotin deficiency in man have been associated with prolonged ingestion of substantial amounts of raw egg white. A 12-month-old girl developed facial and perineal rash, alopecia totalis, waxy pallor, hypotonia, and irritability while receiving total parenteral alimentation (TPA) for short gut syndrome. Deficiencies of zinc and essential fatty acids (EFA) were ruled out. Biotin deficiency was documented by biotin levels and urinary excretion of organic acid. The clinical and biochemical abnormalities resolved with biotin supplementation alone and did not recur with supplementation at normal biotin requirements (0.1 mg/day). Acquired deficiency of biotin, as well as zinc and EFA, must now be considered when rash and alopecia appear in patients receiving TPA.
Intragraft Expression of Messenger RNA for Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is a Predictor of Rat Small Intestine Transplant Rejection

Abstract Detection of rejection after small intestine transplantation (SIT) is difficult, relying largely on histopathology. The purpose of this study was to determine if the intragraft expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) correlated with rejection in a unidirectional, heterotopic rat SIT model. Graft samples were obtained on postoperative day (POD) 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 14. After staining, formalin-fixed samples were blindly evaluated for rejection. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) using primers specific for β-actin, IL-2R, IL-6, and TNF was performed on liquid nitrogen-frozen samples. Semiquantitation was accomplished using radionuclide incorporation and beta-scintillation counting. Intestinal histopathology in all isografts (ISO) and POD 3 allografts (ALLO) was normal. Rejection progressed in ALLO from mild on POD 5 to severe by POD 8. rtPCR analysis revealed constitutive expression of IL-2R mRNA in both ISO and ALLO. TNF and IL-6 demonstrated significant increases in mRNA expression in ALLO compared to ISO beginning on POD 5. In summary, intragraft expression of IL-2R mRNA demonstrated late up-regulation in ALLO which did not correlate with rejection. TNF and IL-6 mRNA expression predicted rat SIT rejection. rtPCR analysis of TNF and IL-6 may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct for rat SIT rejection.
Designing an Outcome‐based Ethics Curriculum for Professional Education: strategies and evidence of effectiveness

Abstract Goodlad and colleagues argue that teacher education curricula do not include rigorous discourse about the moral dimensions of teaching. This paper offers guidance for developing such curricula drawn from the author's experience devising and implementing a professional ethics curriculum for dentistry. Grounded in Rest's Four Component Model of Morality, the curriculum includes methods and measures for assessing (1) ethical sensitivity; (2) moral reasoning and judgement; (3) moral motivation and commitment; and (4) moral implementation outcomes as well as instructional strategies to facilitate their development. Evidence drawn from the extensive literature on the psychology of morality, and from outcome studies of the effectiveness of the dental ethics curriculum, illustrate that a curriculum of rather modest duration can influence ethical development in measurable ways.
Abstract 5264: Negative regulation of AMPK-dependent metabolic-stress pathways by MIF and D-DT in non-small cell lung carcinoma.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a nutrient and metabolic stress sensing enzyme activated by the tumor suppressor kinase, LKB1. Because macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its functional homolog, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), have pro-tumorigenic functions in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) but have AMPK activating properties in nonmalignant cell types, we set out to investigate this apparent paradox. Our data now suggest that, in contrast to MIF and D-DT9s AMPK activating properties in non-transformed cells, MIF and D-DT cooperatively act to inhibit steady state phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in LKB1 wildtype and LKB1 mutant human NSCLC cell lines. Our data further indicate that MIF and D-DT - acting through their shared cell surface receptor, CD74 - antagonize NSCLC AMPK activation by maintaining glucose uptake, ATP production and redox balance resulting in reduced Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase [[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font β]] (CaMKK[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font β]])-dependent AMPK activation. Combined, these studies indicate that MIF and D-DT cooperate to inhibit AMPK activation in an LKB1-independent manner. This suggests that MIF and D-DT promote a unique and well conserved adaptation pathway that is usurped by the malignant cells in order to counter metabolic stress-induced, AMPK-dependent, tumor suppression. Importantly, because the LKB1 tumor suppressor locus is mutated in over 30% of NSCLC lesions rendering these tumors insensitive to AMPK-dependent growth suppression, the identification of unique AMPK agonists would be expected to have a tremendous impact on NSCLC disease management for clinicians. Taken together, simultaneous therapeutic targeting of both MIF and D-DT represents an innovative and clinically efficacious approach to re-activating metabolic stress-induced tumor suppression in NSCLC malignant lesions. Citation Format: Stephanie Brock, Beatriz Rendon, Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Robert Mitchell. Negative regulation of AMPK-dependent metabolic-stress pathways by MIF and D-DT in non-small cell lung carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5264. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5264
Motivational enhancement therapy coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy versus brief advice: a randomized trial for treatment of hazardous substance use in pregnancy and after delivery

Abstract Objective The objective was to compare the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy coupled with cognitive behavioral therapy (MET-CBT) to brief advice for treatment of substance use in pregnancy. Method This was a randomized, parallel, controlled trial that was yoked to prenatal care and delivered at hospital outpatient clinics. We enrolled 168 substance-using women who had not yet completed an estimated 28 weeks of pregnancy. Obstetrical clinicians provided brief advice, and study nurses administered manualized MET-CBT. The primary outcome was percentage of days in the prior 28 days in which alcohol and/or drugs were used immediately before and 3 months postdelivery. Results There were no significant differences across groups in terms of self-reported percentage of days in which drugs or alcohol were used prior to and 3 months postdelivery. Biological measures showed similar results. There was a trend ( P =.08) for lower risk of preterm birth among those who received MET-CBT. Conclusions The tested interventions had similar therapeutic effects. Hence, both treatments may be suitable for pregnant substance users, depending on the population, setting and provider availability. Interventions that are intensified after delivery may decrease postpartum "rebound" effects in substance misuse.
Chip oriented target impedance for digital power distribution network design

With the advancements in semiconductor process technologies in recent years, noise management has become more difficult. Therefore power distribution network (PDN) design has become more important. This paper describes the target impedance build method. The key techniques are to find the impedance border line of normal chip operation and to set the target impedance which does not exceed that border line. The target impedance which is produced by the proposed method is useful in optimizing the design margin and reducing the chip/package/board size. From the experimental result using a 45-nm process Test Element Group (TEG) chip, the package size was reduced by 21.5%, and the chip size was reduced by 16.4% in comparison with the original design which was not designed using the target impedance. Furthermore, normal chip operation was confirmed by the actual measurement. On the other hand, a working design pattern was not able to be found in the target impedance which was produced by the conventional method. The experimental result demonstrates the validation of the proposed method.
Molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide: a modified form of molybdopterin identified in the molybdenum cofactor of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides forma specialis denitrificans.

Abstract The nature of molybdenum cofactor in the bacterial enzyme dimethyl sulfoxide reductase has been investigated by application of alkylation conditions that convert the molybdenum cofactor in chicken liver sulfite oxidase and milk xanthine oxidase to the stable, well-characterized derivative [di(carboxamidomethyl)]molybdopterin. The alkylated pterin obtained from dimethyl sulfoxide reductase was shown to be a modified form of alkylated molybdopterin with increased absorption in the 250-nm region of the spectrum and altered chromatographic behavior. The complex alkylated pterin was resolved into two components by treatment with nucleotide pyrophosphatase. These were identified as di(carboxamidomethyl)molybdopterin and GMP by their absorption spectra, coelution with standard compounds, and by further degradation by alkaline phosphatase to dephospho [di(carboxamidomethyl)]molybdopterin and guanosine. The GMP moiety was sensitive to periodate, identifying it as the 5' isomer. Chemical analysis of the intact alkylated pterin showed the presence of two phosphate residues per pterin. These results established that the pterin isolated from dimethyl sulfoxide reductase contains the phosphoric anhydride of molybdopterin and 5'-GMP, which is designated molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
One-dimensional ablation using Landau transformation and finite control volume procedure

A technique utilizing the Landau transformation has been developed to solve one-dimensional variable area ablation problems. It is based on applying the integral form of the conservation equations to control volumes that are moving with velocities consistent with the Landau transformation. Exponential temperature profiles are assumed to evaluate the conduction and convection fluxes at control volume faces. The technique has been applied to one-dimension al planar and cylindrical geometries with sample calculations presented to verify the accuracy of the method.
Positron annihilation in low-temperature rare gases. I. Helium

The lifetime spectra of positrons annihilating in helium gas were obtained over the temperature range 4.6 to 300$sup 0$K and the density range 0.016 to 0.030 g/cm$sup 3$. The spectra are decomposed into slow- positron and ortho-positronium annihilation components which are presented and discussed separately. At low temperatures, the density and temperature dependences of the data are found to depart markedly from the usual behavior observed at room temperature. Simple quantitative treatments are given of the cluster model for the slow-positron data and of the cavity model for the ortho-positronium results. (auth)
The Effects of a Structured Learning Sequence on Children's Correlative Thinking About Biological Phenomena.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the achievement on correlational thinking tasks could be enhanced by a set of structured training exercises. The exercises were based on Piaget's analysis of the development of correlative thinking in adolescents. The achievement of the ninth grade students was greater than the achievement of the fifth and seventh grade students. However, some of the ninth grade students exhibited difficulty with the equivalence and reciprocal exclusion operations that were necessary for the solution of the correlation tasks. The results of the study suggest that the ninth grade students may be in the transition zone for this particular operation.
Steel Barrio: the great Mexican migration to South Chicago, 1915–1940

Steel Barrio: The Great Mexican Migration to South Chicago, 1915–1940 by Michael Innis-Jimenez corrects previous assumptions about South Chicago's earliest Mexican population. Innis-Jimenez demonst...
Semantic integrity in a relational data base system

As a model of some aspect(s) of the real world, the data in a data base must be accurate. In the context of a relational data base system, a facility to allow the expression and enforcement of a set of semantic integrity constraints is discussed. Semantic integrity constraints may describe properties of and relationships between data objects (in a relational data base) that are to hold (state snapshot constraints). Constraints may also place limitations on permissible data base operations (state transition constraints).A second type of semantic integrity information that is important in the context of a relational data base system is the precise description of domains (viewed as sets of atomic data objects), and the specification of their use as underlying domains of columns of relations in a data base.High-level nonprocedural languages to facilitate the expression of these two types of semantic integrity information are introduced and examples are presented.
Walther Rathenau and the German People

In view of the hectic sequence of international conferences on European reconstruction after World War II it is appropriate to remember that the first official conference of a pan-European character in the twentieth century took place at Genoa, Italy, about twenty-five years ago. It was there for the first time since the Bismarckian era that leading statesmen of all the major European countries, victors and vanquished, and of various small ones, had gathered in one room around the same table for the discussion of European problems. Credit for the respect with which the defeated Germans were received at Genoa in 1922, was due chiefly to Walther Rathenau, then German Foreign Minister. Only a year previously he had emerged from a period of political oblivion, ignored by all political parties. At the request of Reich Chancellor Josef Wirth he had assumed leadership when Germany was confronted with the crucial ultimatum that she must either undertake to pay a specified high
Social Facilitation of Exploratory Behavior in Rats: Effects of Increased Exposure to Novel Stimuli

Summary.-In a re~lication of an earlicr study, with minor modifications of apparatus and an increase of trial durations from 4 to G min., 6 male albino rats (Group A) who had previously explored a novel stimulus were run with 6 rats who had not. When compared with G rats (Group B) who had explored the stimulus and were then run with 6 Ss who had equivalent experience, Group A Ss showed significantly more exploratory responses than Group B Ss (p = <.001). Group A Ss made 103 exploratory responses within 5 sec. of Ss with which they were paired, while Group B Ss made none. These results were in the same direction as those reported in the previous study, but the differences were much greater. In a previous study (Simmel, 1962), an attempt was made to determine whether locomotor exploratory behavior in rats coi~ld be socially facilitated. It was hypothesized that a rat. when exposed to a stimulus it has just explored, will show an increase in the number of locomotor exploratory responses made to that stimuli~s if placed together with a rat which has never been exposed to the stimulus. Further, S will thus make a larger number of exploratory responses to that stimulus. The results showed that Ss combined with animals who had not explored the stimulus made significantly more exploratory responses than did SS run with animals who had an equivalent amount of prior experience with the stimulus and were presumably satiated to it. While it can be said that some evidence was presented for the social facilitation of exploratory behavior, the amount of facilitation shown was quite small. If, as the data seem to indicate, social facilitation of exploratory behavior does occur and can be demonstrated by the method employed, two possible reasons can be examined fcr the rather slight difference obtained in the original study. First, it is quite possible that the duration of the trials (4-min. exposures to the novel stimulus) was coo brief, since Ss which had been exposed to the novel stimulus made a considerable number of responses. It was decided to increase the duration of trials to 6 min., making them 2 min. longer than in the original study and 1 min. longer than the period reported by Berlyne (1950, 1955) as sufficient for a rat to satiate to a single novel stimulus.
DESCRIPTIVE PROFILES OF ROASTED PEANUTS STORED AT VARYING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY CONDITIONS

Roasted peanuts were stored at 20 treatment combinations of water activities (0.33, 0.44, 0.54, 0.67, 0.75) and temperatures (23, 30, 35, 40C), and evaluated after storing for 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 110% of estimated shelf life, ranging from 0 to 91 days. Regression models indicated that increasing storage time and storage water activity resulted in decreasing crispness, crunchiness, hardness, roasted peanutty, sweet aromatic, salty, bitter and sweet attributes and increasing fracturability, chewiness, tooth packing and cardboard flavor. Storage temperature did not contribute to regression models of textural properties of roasted peanuts. Increasing storage temperature resulted in a faster rate of decrease for roasted peanutty and faster rate of increase of cardboard flavor. Roasted peanuts stored between 0.33 and 0.41 a w at 23C are predicted to have the least change in sensory properties after 68 and 91 days respectively.
Divide-and-conquer scheme for strictly optimal retrieval of range queries

Declustering distributes data among parallel disks to reduce retrieval cost using I/O parallelism. Many schemes were proposed for single copy declustering of spatial data. Recently, declustering using replication gained a lot of interest and several schemes with different properties were proposed. It is computationally expensive to verify optimality of replication schemes designed for range queries and existing schemes verify optimality for up to 50 disks. In this article, we propose a novel method to find replicated declustering schemes that render all spatial range queries optimal. The proposed scheme uses threshold based declustering, divisibility of large queries for optimization and optimistic approach to compute maximum flow. The proposed scheme is generic and works for any number of dimensions. Experimental results show that using 3 copies there exist allocations that render all spatial range queries optimal for up to 750 disks in 2 dimensions and with the exception of several values for up to 100 disks in 3 dimensions. The proposed scheme improves search for strictly optimal replicated declustering schemes significantly and will be a valuable tool to answer open problems on replicated declustering.
VISUALIZING HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION WITH INTERACTIVE COMPUTER PROGRAM

Homologous recombination is important for DNA repair and for increasing genetic variation, whereby it enriches the gene pool and keeps populations viable. In eukaryotes, genetic recombination takes place during meiosis. For genes on different chromosomes, mixing of paternal and maternal genes is achieved through the random formation of different chromosome configurations at metaphase I of meiosis. This process accounts for the genetic principle of the independent assortment of unlinked genes. Recombination of paternal and maternal genes on different members of the homologous chromosome pair, on the other hand, can only be achieved through the exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids, resulting in increased genetic variation. The molecular mechanisms of homologous recombination are complicated and often difficult for students to understand. The objective of this research is to develop an interactive computer program for teaching this important biological process. The software program, along with related computer-based genetics learning programs — for mitosis and meiosis, as well as for a cytogenetics laboratory — will be useful for genetics education at the high school and university levels.
Biochemical effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica

Abstract Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and lysergic acid diethylamide cause an increase in glycolysis in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The effect of serotonin on glycosis appears to be due to an increase in phosphofructokinase activity and is mediated through cyclic 3′,5′-AMP. The biochemical effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on the liver flukes were examined in the present paper. Like serotonin, lysergic acid diethylamide causes an increase in the activity of phosphofructokinase in the liver flukes. This effect can be obtained either by preincubating the intact flukes with lysergic acid diethylamide or by adding it directly to fluke homogenates. While serotonin activates phosphofructokinase through its effect on a particulate fraction from the flukes, lysergic acid diethylamide did not have an effect on this fraction. The question whether lysergic acid diethylamide effect is mediated through serotonin was investigated. The concentration of serotonin in intact liver flukes was found to be 231 ng/g wet weight. The level of serotonin in the flukes is markedly increased when the flukes are incubated with 5-hydroxytryptophan but is unchanged following incubation with tryptophan. Lysergic acid diethylamide does not change the levels of endogenous serotonin in control flukes. It also does not affect the levels of serotonin synthesized by the organism from 5-hydroxytryptophan. The data does not support the idea that the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide is mediated through an increase in serotonin levels although the effects on carbohydrate metabolism of both agents are similar.
5 Treatment and prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukaemia

Summary Current induction chemotherapy regimens afford a complete remission in 60 to 80% of patients less than 60 years of age who are diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukaemia. Patients who undergo consolidation with high dose Ara-C or with autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can expect a long-term disease free survival of 30 to 45%. Which mode of consolidation is preferable is still being investigated in randomized studies. Many disease characteristics have been put forward as prognostic variables in treatment outcome and as understanding of the biology of AML has continued to expand, cytogenetic and molecular markers have assumed greater importance in disease characterization, but the ultimate role that these play in prognosis remains incompletely defined. Once AML has relapsed, bone marrow transplantation may result in prolonged disease free survival as compared to use of salvage chemotherapy regimens. Because the long-term survival of all patients diagnosed with AML is only in the order of 10 to 20%, new treatment approaches to this disease are required. Current clinical and research efforts have focused on modulation of the immune system, modulation of drug resistance phenotypes, and understanding of the response of leukaemic cells to haematopoietic growth factors.
Risk perception of obesity and bariatric surgery in patients seeking treatment for obesity

Bariatric surgery (BSx) produces clinically relevant weight loss that translates into improved quality of life, decreased mortality, and reduction in medical comorbidities, including cardiovascular (CV) risk. Little is known about patients’ decision-making process to undergo BSx, but risk perception is known to influence medical decision-making. This study examined CV and BSx risk perception in obese subjects undergoing BSx (n = 268) versus those managed medically (MM) (n = 273). This retrospective population-based survey of subjects evaluated for BSx had 148 (55%) and 88 (32%) responders in the BSx and MM groups, respectively. Survey questions assessed risk perceptions and habits prior to weight loss intervention. CV risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). At baseline, BSx subjects had a greater body mass index and greater prevalence of diabetes and depression. Follow-up mean weight loss was greater in the BSx group. BSx subjects perceived obesity as a greater risk to their overall hea...
Analyzing Sustainability Themes in State Science Standards: Two Case Studies

Due to the interdisciplinary nature of environmental education, addressing the range of socioscientific issues included under the umbrella of sustainability can be challenging for educators working within the context of mandated state subject area standards. Two states (Washington and Vermont) have been recognized as leaders in incorporating sustainability into K–12 education through standards reform. Similarly, other states may engage in revisions in response to the recently released Next Generation Science Standards. This study examined how Washington and Vermont have incorporated sustainability-related topics into their state science standards and considers implications for practitioners, curriculum development, and standards reform.
Nlrc4/Ipaf/CLAN/CARD12: more than a flagellin sensor.

Nlrc4 is a member of the Nod-like receptors (NLRs), a family of cytosolic receptors involved in sensing bacterial molecules. NLRs are a group of proteins containing spans of leucine-rich repeats that senses bacterial factors within the eukaryotic cytosol. The recognition of bacterial factors provokes the formation of the inflammasome complex which includes specific NLRs. The inflammasome is responsible for caspase-1 activation which leads to the cleavage and maturation of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. Nlrc4 was considered to be a devoted flagellin sensor in eukaryotic cells. However, studies using a variety of pathogens such as Salmonella, Legionella, Shigella and Pseudomonas at high bacterial burdens revealed that Nlrc4 can mediate caspase-1 activation independent of bacterial flagellin. On the other hand, new reports showed that Nlrc4 can restrict bacterial infection independently of caspase-1. Therefore, Nlrc4 maybe involved in sensing more than one bacterial molecule and may participate in several immune complexes.
Use of developmental principles to decipher the narrative of preschool children.

Abstract The narratives of preschool children differ from the narratives of adults in several respects that are of clinical relevance. First, children's narratives reflect their immersion in the sensory dimensions of experience. Second, children use distinctive forms of language. Third, although the child's memory capacities are comparable with those of the adult, the child's proximity to the pivotal interpersonal events of early life leads to the forceful insinuation of these events into the narrative. Fourth, during the preschool years certain behaviors associated with defensive operations, previously used to achieve adaptive developmental goals, may now be used pathologically to disguise the presence of conflict. Fifth, during play situations, children rely heavily upon symbolic fantasies to enact key experiences. Sixth, the distinction between appearance and reality has not yet consolidated for young children. Seventh, although children are avid storytellers who generate “scripts” with elaborate characters and plots, their ability to engage in symbolic thought is still undergoing maturational change. The unique developmental features of childhood narrative warrant the use of specific strategies to effect diagnosis and treatment.
Theory of light diffraction by single skeletal muscle fibers

A theoretical discussion is presented describing the diffraction of laser light by a single fiber of striated muscle. The complete three-dimensional geometry of the fiber has been taken into consideration. The basic repeated unit is taken as the sarcomere of a single myofibril, including its cylindrical geometry. The single fiber is considered as the sum of myofibrils up to the fiber dimensions. When proper phasing is taken into account, three cases of interest are analyzed. (a) When the adjacent myofibrils are totally aligned with respect to their index of refraction regions (e.g., A and I bands), then the diffraction pattern reflects that of a larger striated cylinder with the dimensions of the fiber. (b) When a particular skew plane develops for the myofibril elements, additional Bragg reflection occurs at certain specific sarcomere lengths, and intensity asymmetry amongst the diffracted orders occurs. (c) When the myofibril phasing changes in a random fashion, while all sarcomeres remain at the same length, then intensity decrease is directly related to the phase deviation from a reference phase point. This condition may well describe a fiber undergoing active isometric contraction.
Compact Hash Tables for High-Performance Traffic Classification on Multi-core Processors

Traffic classification is one of the kernel applications in network management. Many Machine Learning (ML) traffic classification algorithms are based on decision-trees. While most of the existing implementations of decision-trees are hardwarebased, a new trend in network applications is to use softwarebased solutions. The decision-tree used for traffic classification is highly unbalanced, it is challenging to achieve high performance on multi-core platforms. In this paper, we present a high-throughput and low-latency traffic classification engine on multi-core platforms. We convert the decision-tree used in the C4.5 algorithm into multiple compact tables. All the compact tables are searched in parallel, efficient hashing techniques are employed to reduce the processing latency. The outcomes from all the tables are merged into the final classification result. High throughput can be sustained even if we scale up (1) the number of concurrent traffic classifiers, (2) the number of decision-tree leaves and (3) the number of features examined during the classification process. We prototype our design on state-of-the-art AMD and Intel multi-core platforms. For a typical C4.5 decisiontree consisting of 92 leaf nodes and 7 flow-level features, we achieve 134:15 Million Lookups Per Second (MLPS) throughput and 238:53 ns processing latency per lookup. Even for highly unbalanced decision-trees or large decision-trees consisting of up to 2K leaf nodes, our traffic classification engine sustains high throughput and low latency without sacrificing classification accuracy (age; 98.15%). We achieve 2.7× throughput compared with the classic C4.5 decision-tree-based implementations, and at least 12× speed-up compared with the existing traffic classifiers on multi-core platforms.
A 21-year-old woman with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance.

DR REYNOLDS: Ms G is a 21-year-old woman with a history of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. Ms G first became sexually active at age 19. That year, she had her first gynecologic examination when she visited a doctor to ask for an oral contraceptive pill prescription. Her examination and cytology test were normal. She had annual Pap screening until age 21, when her cytology test (conventional) showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US). Her clinician, a nurse practitioner at student health, recommended a repeat cytology test in 6 months. Her repeat test again showed ASC-US, and she was referred to a gynecologist who performed a colposcopy. On colposcopy, the entire squamocolumnar junction could be seen and her cervix showed grade 1 acetowhite changes. Biopsy revealed metaplasia. A liquid-based cytology test done at the time of the colposcopy was normal. Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was not performed. Ms G has never been diagnosed with a sexually transmissible infection. She has never been pregnant. She does not take medications or smoke tobacco. She is a recent college graduate and is working as a writer.
Hemophilus Influenzae Cellulitis An Overview of Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

Cellulitis is a complication of Hemophilus influenzae septicemia. Peak age incidence is 6 to 12 months. Onset is acute. The cheek is the most common site of involvement. Red or bluish discoloration is commonly noted. Re sponse to therapy with ampicillin or chlor amphenicol is dramatic.
Care and feeding of a university cleanroom facility

The authors describe the systems that have been established for the operation of the microelectronics facility at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Attention is given to the organizational structure; support facilities; cleanroom maintenance; lab equipment; equipment operation; lab supplies, inventory, and control; lab safety; and the hazardous waste program. >
Disodium Tetracarbonylferrate(−II)

(Na2Fe(CO)4) [14878-31-0] C4FeNa2O4 (MW 213.87) InChI = 1S/4CO.Fe.2Na/c4*1-2;;;/q;;;;-2;2*+1 InChIKey = OJKHIQGWECZNIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (Na2Fe(CO)4·1.5(1,4-dioxane)) [59733-73-2] C4FeK2O4 (MW 246.09) InChI = 1S/3C4H8O2.8CO.2Fe.4Na/c3*1-2-6-4-3-5-1;8*1-2;;;;;;/h3*1-4H2;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;2*-2;4*+1 InChIKey = RNSQHLWTVAKZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (K2Fe(CO)4) [16182-63-1] C4FeO4 (MW 167.89) InChI = 1S/4CO.Fe.2K/c4*1-2;;;/q;;;;-2;2*+1 InChIKey = BXTKJWLJXJOTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ([Fe(CO)4]2−) [22321-35-3] InChI = 1S/4CO.Fe/c4*1-2;/q;;;;-2 InChIKey = NUXUSVHVNBIWHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (carbonylating agent for halides, producing aldehydes and ketones;1 hydroacylates Michael acceptors;2 forms cyclic ketones from β- and γ-haloalkenes;3 selectively reduces unsaturations α to a carbonyl;4 catalyst for dismutation of aromatic aldehydes to esters;5 produces [(η4-diene)Fe(CO)3] complexes via nucleophilic displacement6) Physical Data: mp (K+2 salt) 270–273 °C (dec). Solubility: sol THF, DMF, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), EtOH. Form Supplied in: colorless to red solid; commercially available as 1∶1.5 complex with 1,4-dioxane. Preparative Methods: preparations of the sodium salt–dioxane complex7 and of the free sodium8 and potassium9 salts of tetracarbonylferrate have been published. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Na2Fe(CO)4 is very air sensitive and is pyrophoric. The solid is stable over moderately long periods of time under inert atmosphere at rt, if kept in the dark. The potassium salt is also air sensitive but is not pyrophoric. These materials are best stored and handled in a nitrogen or argon filled dry box. Tetracarbonylferrate is considered to be a neural, renal, and hepatic toxin and is a cancer suspect agent.
Electrophoresis buffers for polyacrylamide gels at various pH.

Abstract Continuous electrophoresis buffers are described for polyacrylamide gels at pH values ranging from 3.8 to 10.2. The buffers consist of an acidic and a basic component with pK values near the pH of the buffer. The pH is maintained to within 0.5 pH unit in the electrode compartments during prolonged electrophoresis. Some proteins produce clear bands on gels with each of the 10 buffers. The buffers provide an expansion of the pH range of gel electrophoresis and are likely to be useful in the detection of genetic variation in proteins and in other applications.
Expansion and rapid retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in eastern Ross Sea: possible consequence of over-extended ice streams?

Abstract Marine geological data from the eastern Ross Sea provide compelling evidence that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet extended to the continental shelf break during the last glacial maximum. Swath bathymetry records show mega-scale glacial lineations within each of the four large glacial troughs on the shelf. These features extend virtually uninterrupted across the shelf and have sharp lateral boundaries. Sediment cores that sampled the lineations recovered diamicton that is interpreted as deformation till. The combined data indicate streaming ice. The great extent of the paleo-ice streams (up to 1000 km in length) is attributed to the fact that they flowed across unconsolidated sedimentary strata. Geomorphic features that are known to form at the retreating grounding line, such as recessional moraines and ridges, are restricted to the southeastern portion of the shelf. Iceberg furrows that occur at depths of up to 650 m overprint mega-scale lineations. These deep furrows are interpreted as having been formed by icebergs calved from the grounding line of the ice sheet, which indicates the absence of a fringing ice shelf. Sediment cores sampled a thin layer of glaciomarine sediments resting sharply on till. Sub-ice shelf deposits, similar to those sampled in the western Ross Sea, were not recovered in the eastern Ross Sea. These combined results imply rapid retreat of the ice sheet from the shelf. Crosscutting lineations with different orientations indicate changes in flow direction that probably occurred as the ice profile was lowered and the physiography of the sea floor across which the ice sheet was retreating changed. Grounding zone wedges vary in number and location within individual troughs, which indicates diachronous retreat of ice streams. Due to a lack of carbonate material for radiocarbon dating, all radiocarbon ages were derived from acid insoluble organic (AIO) fractions. These dates indicate early retreat of the ice sheet relative to the western Ross Sea and other areas of west Antarctica. However, the older dates must be viewed as suspect, due to a paucity of diatomaceous material and contamination from old carbon. While we were not successful at constraining the timing of ice sheet retreat from the continental shelf, the data do indicate that the ice sheet was grounded on the shelf during the LGM.