cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Significance of abnormal chest radiograph findings in patients with HIV-1 infection without respiratory symptoms.

Study objectives Patients with HIV-1 infection or AIDS may present with abnormal chest radiograph (CXR) findings in the absence of symptoms specific to the lung. The objective was to determine the spectrum of disease and the diagnostic modalities employed in these patients. Methods From 1996 to 1998, we identified patients with HIV-1 infection presenting to the Bellevue Hospital Chest Service with abnormal CXR findings, and absence of specific pulmonary symptoms. Charts were reviewed for presence of constitutional symptoms, CD4 lymphocyte count, use of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, eventual diagnosis, and all diagnostic modalities employed. CXR findings were classified according to their predominant abnormalities: nodules, infiltrates, cavity, mass, adenopathy, or effusion. Results Forty-four patients were eligible for inclusion. Eight-six percent of patients had a CD4 lymphocyte count Conclusions Patients with HIV-1 infection, abnormal CXR findings, and lack of pulmonary symptoms have a high incidence of infectious disorders, especially pulmonary tuberculosis and infection due to NTM. The high prevalence of treatable and potentially communicable disorders warrants an aggressive diagnostic approach in these patients.
Importance of Therapist Use of Social Reinforcement with Parents as a Model for Parent-Child Relationships: An Example with Parent-Child Interaction Therapy

ABSTRACT This paper focuses attention on the therapeutic relationship in parent-child therapy by using social reinforcement with parents and children as it relates to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). As in other therapy contexts, it is argued that having the therapist serve as a mediator of social reinforcement facilitates client change, After discussing different aspects of PCIT, we discuss the therapeutic relationship as viewed through other theoretical frameworks. This is followed by a discussion of the role of social reinforcement in the parent-child relationship. We then discuss at methodological and applied levels, the importance of therapist accuracy and consistency in the delivery of reinforcement as a means of changing the parent-child relationship. Next, this is followed by a discussion of the therapist-to-parent-to-child sequential chain of behaviors involved in PCIT. Finally, suggestions for future empirical studies are considered.
The perception and production of Voice-Onset Time in aphasia

Abstract This study assessed aphasic and right brain-damaged non-aphasic patients' ability to label and discriminate a synthetic speech continuum differing in voice-onset time (VOT). We investigated these abilities in relation to type of aphasia and language comprehension facility, and explored the relation between perception and production of voice-onset time distinctions. Results of the perception tasks indicated that if a subject could not discriminate the stimuli, he could not reliably label them; however, a subject with a normal discrimination function might nonetheless be unable to label the stimuli reliably. These results were interpreted in relation to two levels of processing; one based upon the function of a set of property detectors, the other making use of these properties for linguistic processing. It is this latter level which seems to be selectively impaired in aphasia. Analysis of VOT production indicated that anterior aphasics have a deficit in the articulatory programming of speech sounds, whereas posterior patients have a deficit in selecting the appropriate phoneme. Finally, performance on the perception and production of VOT may be partially dissociated from language comprehension ability.
Women Arrested for IPV Offenses: Abuse Experiences Yet Low Trauma Pathology

The purpose of this study is to explore how abuse experienced from a current partner and history of childhood abuse perpetrated by a parent are related to trauma symptomalogy in a sample of 82 women adjudicated for Intimate Partner Violence related offenses. Findings are mixed. Although a majority of the participants report some abuse from their partner and/or parent, both the degree of this violence and the presence of trauma pathology are lower than expected. Additionally, correlations between the three scales of partner abuse and the degree of posttraumatic sequelae are either low or did not meet significance. However, level of childhood abuse perpetrated by a mother is highly correlated with traumatic sequelae while childhood abuse from father is not. A number of reasons for these findings, which have implications for practice and future research, are discussed.
A Tunable Ultra-Wideband Pulse Generator Using a Variable Edge-Rate Signal

This paper presents a pulse-duration tunable Ultra-Wideband (UWB) generator that is developed using a variable edge-rate signal. Edge-rate variability is introduced by applying a step recovery diode (SRD) to compress the edges of the source and then employing a simple RC network to adjust the edge-rate. Afterwards, the compressed signal is differentiated using microstrip transmission lines in a short circuit stub configuration. The tunable generator resulting from this approach demonstrates Gaussian and monocycle pulses with: good symmetry and low distortion over the tunable range; pulse width variation from 800 to 1150ps over a 1-20pF capacitance range; and good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Note on Słupecki T-functions

For the m -valued (2 m and based on the functions f(p, q) = max(1, q—p +1) and g(p) = m—p+1 , Evans and Schwartz have essentially 2 proved in [1] that the addition of a constant function i , 1 i m , yields functional completeness if and only if ( m —1, i —1)= 1. 3 In this note it will be shown that if n constant functions i 1 , …, i n , 1 i k m and 1≦ k ≦ n , are added, functional completeness obtains if and only if ( m —1, i 1 —1, …, i n —1) = 1.
A Combinatorial Library of Bi-functional Polymeric Vectors for siRNA Delivery In Vitro

Purpose To apply a combinatorial chemistry approach toward the design of polymeric vectors, and to evaluate their effectiveness as siRNA delivery systems in vitro.
Acoustic model adaptation using in-domain background models for dysarthric speech recognition

Abstract Speech production errors characteristic of dysarthria are chiefly responsible for the low accuracy of automatic speech recognition (ASR) when used by people diagnosed with it. A person with dysarthria produces speech in a rather reduced acoustic working space, causing typical measures of speech acoustics to have values in ranges very different from those characterizing unimpaired speech. It is unlikely then that models trained on unimpaired speech will be able to adjust to this mismatch when acted on by one of the currently well-studied adaptation algorithms (which make no attempt to address this extent of mismatch in population characteristics). In this work, we propose an interpolation-based technique for obtaining a prior acoustic model from one trained on unimpaired speech, before adapting it to the dysarthric talker. The method computes a ‘background’ model of the dysarthric talker's general speech characteristics and uses it to obtain a more suitable prior model for adaptation (compared to the speaker-independent model trained on unimpaired speech). The approach is tested with a corpus of dysarthric speech acquired by our research group, on speech of sixteen talkers with varying levels of dysarthria severity (as quantified by their intelligibility). This interpolation technique is tested in conjunction with the well-known maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation algorithm, and yields improvements of up to 8% absolute and up to 40% relative, over the standard MAP adapted baseline.
Relationship of aggression, negative affect, substance use problems, and childhood delinquency to DWI recidivism.

BACKGROUND: Driving under the influence remains a pervasive problem. Approximately 30% of those arrested for impaired driving offenses each year are repeat offenders, suggesting that current rehabilitative efforts are not sufficiently effective for reducing driving while intoxicated (DWI) recidivism. Aggression, negative affect, substance use problems, and childhood delinquency have been noted in the population of impaired drivers, but study of these variables on recidivism has been limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of aggression, negative affect, substance use problems, and childhood delinquency on DWI recidivism among first time offenders. METHODS: In 1992, 6436 individuals in impaired driver programs in New York State were surveyed. A total of 3511 individuals provided names so that state driver abstracts could be reviewed in the future. A total of 2043 matches were found and 1770 remained after excluding those with previous DWI convictions. Driver records were reviewed in 2010 and 2012, providing between 18 and 20 years of follow-up. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 16.5% of individuals were arrested for an impaired driving offense. Multivariate analysis suggested that recidivism was a function of several problems, including: alcohol problem severity, aggression, negative affect, drug problem severity, criminal history, and childhood delinquency. CONCLUSION: Impaired driving programs should assess for childhood delinquency, aggressive tendencies, and negative affect as these constructs, along with substance use, are evident among impaired drivers who recidivate. Interventions addressing aggression and negative affect may ultimately prove useful in reducing recidivism. Language: en
Do ETFs outperform CEFs in fixed income investing

Purpose – For a number of reasons ranging from their more recent introduction to their perceived lesser excitement relative to stock-based peers, there have been few studies of fixed income (mainly bond) exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The purpose of this paper is to fill the void by comparing performance measures of fixed income ETFs to fixed income closed-end funds (CEFs). Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines operating characteristics as well as risk and performance measures of all available fixed income ETFs and CEFs in the USA over the last five and ten years ending on December 31, 2014. Operating characteristics include expense ratios, annual turnover rates, tax cost ratios, and tracking error ratios. Performance measures include average annual returns, risks (measured by standard deviations), and risk-adjusted returns (measured by Sharpe ratios and Sortino ratios). Findings – This study finds material and significant difference in a variety of expenses, return measures, and risk measures....
Preparation of intravenous cholesterol tracer using current good manufacturing practices

Studies of human reverse cholesterol transport require intravenous infusion of cholesterol tracers. Because insoluble lipids may pose risk and because it is desirable to have consistent doses of defined composition available over many months, we investigated the manufacture of cholesterol tracer under current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) conditions appropriate for phase 1 investigation. Cholesterol tracer was prepared by sterile admixture of unlabeled cholesterol or cholesterol-d7 in ethanol with 20% Intralipid®. The resulting material was filtered through a 1.2 micron particulate filter, stored at 4°C, and tested at time 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 months for sterility, pyrogenicity, autoxidation, and particle size and aggregation. The limiting factor for stability was a rise in thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances of 9.6-fold over 9 months (P
Review: The Pruitt-Igoe Myth by Chad Freidrichs

Chad Freidrichs, director, in association with the Missouri Historical Society The Pruitt-Igoe Myth First Run Features, 2011, DVD, 83 min. $25.95 http://www.pruitt-igoe.com The documentary film The Pruitt-Igoe Myth is arguably the best historical record available of the ill-fated St. Louis high-rise housing project, completed in 1956 and demolished with much publicity in the early 1970s. The film combines wrenching interviews with articulate former residents—many of whom spent their formative childhood years in the project in its earlier, more optimistic phase—extensive period clips, and a limited amount of accessible scholarly commentary to create an extraordinary viewing experience. The Pruitt-Igoe story is part of one of the best-known episodes in the twentieth-century migration of many African Americans from poverty in the rural South to what until the 1950s were plentiful low-wage industrial jobs in northern industrial cities. When it was begun in 1950 with federal funding and the enthusiastic support of white St. Louis politicians and civic leaders, the Pruitt-Igoe project was considered innovative because it combined what was intended as a whites-only public housing “district,” the William Igoe Homes, with an adjacent black “district,” the Captain Wendell O. Pruitt Homes (named for an African American World War II pilot, one of the Tuskegee Airmen). The film refreshingly does not waste much time on the now-tired controversy over whether the project’s spectacular failure was the result of the hubris of modern architects inspired by Le Corbusier and CIAM or some combination of racist institutional malevolence and tenant criminality. Instead, it reveals clearly that although the project was indeed built (at great expense) without many of the amenities usually found in American multifamily housing of any kind, it was nonetheless deeply appreciated by many of its first tenants. Rare film footage of the elegantly furnished apartments and cheerful …
Paying Tomorrow's Military

Good compensation is an important part of the nation's compact with its men and women in uniform. In contrast to the private sector or other government employers, the U.S. military spends a large share of its compensation dollars on noncash benefits. Such benefits are extremely inefficient from an economic point of view, costing taxpayers substantially more than they are typically worth to either the individuals who receive them or the services as institutions. Their high costs are draining resources from other service priorities.
Nonparametric Inference on State Dependence with Applications to Employment Dynamics

This paper is about the empirical measurement of state dependence in dynamic binary outcomes. I propose a nonparametric dynamic potential outcomes (DPO) model and develop an array of parameters and identifying assumptions that can be considered in this model. I show how to construct sharp identified sets in the DPO model by using a flexible linear programming procedure that is valid for any of these parameters under any combination of identifying assumptions. Confidence regions for these identified sets are obtained by applying recent results from the literature on partially identified moment condition models. I apply the analysis to study state dependence in the labor force participation of married women using a well-known extract from the 1986 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), and to study state dependence in unemployment for working age high school educated men using a new extract from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Using conservative, non-parametric assumptions, I estimate that state dependence accounts for at least 28.1% of the observed persistence in yearly non-employment for women in the PSID sample. In the SIPP data, I find that state dependence accounts for at least 33.1% of the four-month persistence in unemployment among high school educated men. This contrasts with the findings of recent experimental studies based on fictitious resumes, which have found no evidence of short-term state dependence.
Study on the Safety Evaluation and Detection Techniques of Transgenic Foods

With the gradual release of transgenic crops,the transgenic foods become more and more.It is urgent and important to understand the safety evaluation of transgenic foods and its detection methods roundly.The content and methods of transgenic foods safety evaluation and the detection methods of transgenic foods were discussed.
The Products of Genes Resistant to Rice Blast by Using Some Pairs of Near--Isogenic Lines

With classical genetical methods. we have constructed several sets of near-isogenic lines, which are very similar in their genetic background except in resistant/susceptible genes to rice blast. The patterns of PAGE and IEF gel of isoperoxidase as well as 2-D electrophoresis for each pair of near-isogenic lines showed that both were highly bomogeneity. The results of 2-D electrophoresis of pro- tein from near-isogenic pairs without the inoculation of blast pathogen indicated that the generation of blast disease in rice plants may have a close association with some of its protein subunits in the region of pI 7.5-8.5 and MW 30-45kDa. Therefore, this region may be called as"pathogenesis-related region" (PR-region). It was considerable that the protein variation of the plants at 5 days after inoculation also ap- peared in this region.
Infectious Diseases in Cancer Patients: An Overview

The predisposition of cancer patients to infectious diseases which contribute to the gravity of their prognosis is well documented. The current success in therapy of both malignancies and infections is unprecedented. However, the overall co-morbidity of these conditions is still a major problem in management of these patients. Paradoxically, to some degree the problem of containing infectious complications is directly associated with the vigor of the anti-cancer therapeutic regimens. The objective of this chapter is to provide an up to date overview of our understanding of the infectious complications in cancer patients based on the type of infection and immune responses.
Application of Wavelet-Transform on IR-impulse Value Sequence Arithmetic

Contra posed to IR-impulse value sequence arithmetic in the signal-processing of 4-unit IR Detector,a manner of analyzing sequence data and target recognition with wavelet-transform is proposed.By analyzing the working process of infrared decoy and energy variety differences between infrared decoy and typical targets,db3 wavelet function is chose to decompose and reconstruct the impulse value sequence.It distinguishes the target signal from decoy signal effectively,and improves the ability of anti-jamming and target recognition of 4-unit IR Detector.
Determination of Chloropromazine in pork by HPLC

[Objective]To establish a rapid and simple method for determination of Chloropromazine in pork by HPLC.[Methods]The pork samples were extracted and purified,and the chloropromazine in the extraction liquid was separated and determined by HPLC.[Results]The linear range was 10-100 μg/ml,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 8-0.999 9,the recovery rate was 95%-104%,the detection limit was 600 μg/kg,and the precision was 2.23%.[Conclusion]This method is simple,rapid,accurate and reliable.It is suitable for determination of chloropromazine in pork,especially large amount of samples.
Mobilization of the sphenoparietal sinus: a simple technique to preserve prominent frontobasal bridging veins during surgical clipping of anterior communicating artery aneurysms: technical case report.

Background and importance Bridging veins arising from the frontal base (frontobasal bridging veins, FBBVs) can pose obstacles when performing clipping of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms via the pterional approach. Although FBBVs can in general be sacrificed without critical complications to achieve an adequate retraction of the frontal lobe, neurosurgeons sometimes encounter postoperative venous infarction or contusion of the retracted frontal lobe, which may be accounted for by the damage to the venous drainage system. Thus, preservation of intracranial veins is desirable to prevent postoperative venous complications, especially when they are prominent. Clinical presentation A 66-year-old female patient was revealed to have multiple unruptured aneurysms at the ACoA, bilateral middle cerebral arteries, and the left internal carotid artery. In the first stage of the operation, clipping of the right middle cerebral artery and ACoA aneurysms was performed via a right pterional approach. Because the ACoA aneurysm was located at a high position and projecting posteriorly, a transsylvian "lateral" trajectory was preferred to a subfrontal "anterior" trajectory. Intraoperatively, her FBBV was revealed to be so prominent that the sacrifice would be harmful. Thus, we performed posteriorward displacement of the sphenoparietal sinus extradurally, thereby achieving adequate retraction of the frontal lobe intradurally without sacrificing the FBBV. With this simple technique, the ACoA aneurysm was successfully treated. Conclusion This technique is useful for retracting the frontal lobe sufficiently to enable establishment of an appropriate surgical field for a pterional approach to ACoA aneurysms with prominent FBBVs.
Multivariate analysis of factors associated with smoking cessation in women.

BACKGROUND Appropriate smoking cessation techniques, including counseling patients to stop smoking, could prevent multiple health-related problems. Identification of relevant factors in patients that smoke may be beneficial in targeting smoking cessation efforts. This investigation explores various factors associated with smoking cessation, specifically in women. METHODS All women (n = 675) presenting to a breast health center over a one year period were surveyed regarding their tobacco use. Any association between smoking cessation and various factors was determined by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Our population consisted of 47% African American women, 43% Caucasian women, and 10% women of other ethnicities. Sixty percent of all women never smoked. Of the women who had smoked, 57% quit. Except for alcohol use and exercise, no factor, including ethnicity, was associated with never smoking. Smoking cessation was associated with being married, being Caucasian, not using alcohol, and exercising. However, only Caucasian race and marriage were independently associated with smoking cessation. DISCUSSION In our population, African American women had a lower proportion of smoking cessation than Caucasian women. In patients with similar access to care, specifically preventive care, there are ethnic and social differences in smoking cessation.
"They Think I Am a Pervert:" a Qualitative Analysis of Lesbian and Gay Teachers' Experiences with Stress at School.

Qualitative methodologies were used to identify the demands and resources lesbian and gay (LG) teachers face in their schools. Data sources included 2 interviews each with 11 teachers who each identified as lesbian or gay. Analyses of interview data indicated 3 main findings. First, although all teachers experienced demands because of their sexual orientation, the nature of the demands were different depending on their level of openness. Second, social support from others (e.g., colleagues, administrators, and partners) emerged as a particularly important coping resource for LG teachers. Third, by identifying specific demands unique to participants' roles as teachers, the results suggested the importance of work context in understanding LG teacher stress. Implications for teacher educators and LG teachers are discussed.
Models in Pain Research

Pathological conditions producing pain in humans lead to the perception of damaged tissue (nociception) from multiple sites within the body, are evoked by multiple different types of stimuli and produce behavioral, reflex and neurophysiological responses. Models of pain in nonhuman animals have allowed for an improved understanding of the mechanisms of pain and serve as predictors of the potential clinical efficacy of analgesic manipulations. Nonhumans are not able to report pain in the sophisticated way of humans and so experimental paradigms need to be assessed regarding their validity as models of pain. Ideal models use an easily controlled, reproducible stimulus which is pain-producing in humans to produce aversive behaviors in the species being tested. Ideally, responses to this stimulus are quantifiable, reliable, reproducible and are altered by modifiers known to affect a particular clinical pain such as known analgesics or conditions producing hypersensitivity (i.e., inflammation). Using a site-stimulus-response-modifier descriptive nomenclature, the present chapter will describe currently employed models of pain.
Christology and Discipleship in the Gospel of Mark: Discipleship as (transforming) presence: the wilderness feeding in Mark 6:30–44

Introduction As is clear from its witness in the four canonical gospels, the feeding of the five thousand is a story deeply embedded in the tradition preserved and passed along within the nascent Christian community. In Mark's account, Jesus' miraculous multiplication of the loaves and fish performed before the masses nicely balances the gospel's earlier report of Jesus' teaching the “great crowd” (Mk. 4:1): just as his instruction has modeled the “sowing of the word,” Jesus' feeding act constitutes a deed of power that provides a foretaste of God's coming dominion. Yet, as has been true from the outset of his ministry, when Jesus feeds the hungry crowd, he does not operate alone. Indeed Jesus' dynamic interaction with his followers in Mk. 6:30–44 further elaborates the Markan portrait of discipleship, as readers glimpse in this episode what it means to be “with him.” As we shall see, Mark's retelling of the feeding miracle employs imagery from Israel's scriptural tradition to depict God's eschatological abundance in the face of scarcity. And while Jesus presides over the meal, he also enlists and empowers his disciples as agents of the miraculous feeding of the masses. Once again, discipleship as presence entails the full participation of Jesus' followers in the dawning reality of God's rule, a reality that in this case entails the satisfaction of human need. The passage's pertinence to the present discipleship inquiry can be demonstrated from a variety of perspectives.
High Throughput Sequencing of Extracellular RNA from Human Plasma.

The presence and relative stability of extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in biofluids has led to an emerging recognition of their promise as ‘liquid biopsies’ for diseases. Most prior studies on discovery of exRNAs as disease-specific biomarkers have focused on microRNAs (miRNAs) using technologies such as qRT-PCR and microarrays. The recent application of next-generation sequencing to discovery of exRNA biomarkers has revealed the presence of potential novel miRNAs as well as other RNA species such as tRNAs, snoRNAs, piRNAs and lncRNAs in biofluids. At the same time, the use of RNA sequencing for biofluids poses unique challenges, including low amounts of input RNAs, the presence of exRNAs in different compartments with varying degrees of vulnerability to isolation techniques, and the high abundance of specific RNA species (thereby limiting the sensitivity of detection of less abundant species). Moreover, discovery in human diseases often relies on archival biospecimens of varying age and limiting amounts of samples. In this study, we have tested RNA isolation methods to optimize profiling exRNAs by RNA sequencing in individuals without any known diseases. Our findings are consistent with other recent studies that detect microRNAs and ribosomal RNAs as the major exRNA species in plasma. Similar to other recent studies, we found that the landscape of biofluid microRNA transcriptome is dominated by several abundant microRNAs that appear to comprise conserved extracellular miRNAs. There is reasonable correlation of sets of conserved miRNAs across biological replicates, and even across other data sets obtained at different investigative sites. Conversely, the detection of less abundant miRNAs is far more dependent on the exact methodology of RNA isolation and profiling. This study highlights the challenges in detecting and quantifying less abundant plasma miRNAs in health and disease using RNA sequencing platforms.
Recruiting, Grooming, and Reaping the Rewards: The Case of GOPAC in the 1992 Congressional Elections

Candidate selection is an important avenue for parties to influence elections, yet political scientists know little about which candidates are recruited to run and groomed to win. We hypothesize th...
Occupational therapy and physiotherapy education and workforce in Anglophone sub-Saharan Africa countries

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries are faced with the challenge of educating a critical mass of occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs) to meet the growing demand for health and rehabilitation services. The World Federation of Occupational Therapy (WFOT) and World Confederation of Physical Therapy (WCPT) have argued for the need of graduate-level training for OTs and PTs for decades. However, very few studies have been conducted to determine the availability of OT and PT training programs and practitioners in SSA countries. Initial data were collected and compiled from an extensive literature search conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed to examine the availability of OT and PT education and training programs in SSA countries. Additional data were collected, compiled, and collated from academic institutions, ministries of health, health professions associations, and licensing authorities in SSA countries. Secondary data were also collected from the websites of organizations such as the World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), WFOT, and WCPT. This investigation revealed that there are limited number of OT and PT training programs and that these training programs in Anglophone SSA countries are offered at or below the bachelor’s level. More than half of the countries do not have OT or PT training programs. The number of qualified OTs and PTs appears to be insufficient to meet the demand for rehabilitation services. Nigeria and South Africa are the only countries offering post-entry-level masters and doctoral-level training programs in physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Higher learning institutions in SSA countries need to collaborate and partner with other regional and foreign universities to elevate the educational training and increase the supply of PTs and OTs in the region.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Research Highlights From Hospital Medicine 2017

This year's Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) Annual Meeting was the largest ever, with close to 5000 attendees from all over the world. This month's Inpatient Notes summaries 5 of the best resear...
Evaluating the Offer

To properly evaluate an employment offer, you need to investigate several issues about the group you are joining; know what’s included in the offer and what’s not; understand compensation systems and employment benefits, especially what you can expect to negotiate and what you probably can’t; learn how to evaluate the contract and other documents you are being asked to sign. To make it even more difficult to discuss here, every specialty is different and the laws governing practice and contracts vary by state. The smaller the group, the more important all of these issues become. The larger the group, like a Kaiser Permanente, or especially the government, the less relevant many of these issues become.
Bose enhancement, the Liouville effective action, and the high multiplicity tail in p -A collisions

In the framework of the dense-dilute color glass condensate approach, we study fluctuations in the multiplicity of produced particles in $p\ensuremath{-}A$ collisions. We show that the leading effect that drives the fluctuations is the Bose enhancement of gluons in the proton wave function. We explicitly calculate the moment generating function that resums the effects of Bose enhancement. We show that it can be understood in terms of the Liouville effective action for the composite field, which is identified with the fluctuating density, or saturation momentum of the proton. The resulting probability distribution turns out to be very close to the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ distribution. We also calculate the first correction to this distribution, which is due to pairwise Hanbury Brown--Twiss correlations of produced gluons.
Inventory Fluctuations and Macroeconomics

This paper asks why, after almost 50 years of empirical research, we have not found the answers to vital questions about the determinants of inventory investment, including the fundamental question of how it is affected by monetary policy. A variety of explanations are offered, including the failure of researchers to consider factors that may lead firms to respond to unexpected shifts in demand by adjusting price, production schedules, advertising expenditure, and order backlogs rather than having inventory investment buffer the shock.
Introduction: Centrifugal Control of Sensory Pathways

Sensory experience depends upon neural processing that has both passive and active components (Hagbarth 1960; Gibson 1966). The passive components involve the interaction between a stimulus and sensory receptor organs, the transduction of sensory information into patterns of nerve impulses in afferent nerve fibers, and the transmission of coded sensory information along central neural pathways to interpretive centers in the brain. The active components include the modulation of transmission in sensory pathways by centrifugal control systems originating within the brain and spinal cord, as well as the exploration or avoidance of environmental Stimuli by motor-sensory behavior.
Cognitive biases are bad for business

The conventional wisdom in classical economics is that we humans are 'rational actors' who, by our nature, make decisions and behave in ways that maximise advantage and utility and minimise risk and costs. This theory has driven economic policy for generations despite daily anecdotal evidence that we are anything but rational, for example, in how we invest and what we buy. Economists who embrace this assumption seem to live by the maxim, "If the facts don't fit the theory, throw out the facts", attributed, ironically enough, to Albert Einstein. But any notion that we are, in fact, rational actors, was blown out of the water by Dr Daniel Kahneman, the winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize for economics, and his late colleague Amos Tversky. Their groundbreaking, if not rather intuitive, findings on cognitive biases have demonstrated quite unequivocally that humans make decisions and act in ways that are anything but rational.
Left ventricular remodeling and function after transapical versus transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND The effect of utilizing transapical (TA) access for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on cardiac function has not been well studied. AIMS The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the direct effects of TA access for TAVR on myocardial function parameters and their correlation with 4-year survival. METHODS Three hundred and thirty propensity matched patients, who underwent TAVR using Sapien valve (Edwards Lifesciences Corp, Irvine, CA) between February 15, 2012 and June 17, 2016 (115 TA and 115 transfemoral [TF] routes) were studied. The pre- and 1 month post-TAVR echocardiographic features of both groups were compared. The 4-year survival in both groups was analyzed. RESULTS Baseline clinical characteristics, diastolic function parameters, left ventricular (LV) chamber size, and ejection fraction were similar between matched TA and TF groups. At 1 month following TAVR, there was a significant increase in stroke volume index (SVI) in both TA (mean increase 7 cm3 /m2 ; P = 0.03) and TF groups (mean increase 7 cm3 /m2 ; P < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased post TF TAVR (mean increase 2%; P = 0.008), but no significant increase was observed post TA TAVR (mean increase 1%; P = 0.27). Both groups had significant improvement in aortic valve (AV) hemodynamics post-TAVR (P < 0.001). Overall, there were no significant differences in the mean change of SVI, LVEF, or left ventricular end diastolic dimensions (LVEDDs) post TA versus TF TAVR. There was no significant difference in 4-year survival in the TF compared to TA group (49% vs 50%, P = 0.43). CONCLUSION Both TA and TF TAVR were equally associated with favorable changes in LV SVI and AV hemodynamics in 30 days. TA TAVR patients had similar 4 year survival to propensity matched TF TAVR; therefore, TA TAVR remains an acceptable alternative access route in patients not amenable to TF TAVR.
Effects of intramuscular administration of recombinant bovine interferon-alpha I1 during the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy.

One hundred ewes were utilized to determine the effects of interferon supplementation on the number of ewes pregnant and embryonic survival. Ewes were checked twice daily (0700 and 1600) for estrus using fertile rams. On d 12 through 16, ewes received twice-daily i.m. injections of either recombinant bovine interferon alpha I1 (2 mg IFN) or vehicle. Ewes remained penned with rams and were observed for subsequent estrous activity for at least 35 d after mating. To determine the number of fetuses and corpora lutea, all ewes were subjected to one surgery during mid-pregnancy (d 45 to 80). More (P less than .05) ewes were pregnant after treatment with IFN vs vehicle (45 of 49, 92% vs 37 of 49, 76%, respectively). The interestrous interval for ewes that were treated with IFN and did not conceive was longer (P less than .05) than for ewes given vehicle (26 +/- 1 vs 17 +/- 2 d, respectively). Embryonic survival (98.2 vs 87.9%; P less than .05), calculated as the number of fetuses present at the time of laparotomy and expressed as a percentage of the ovulation rate, and percentage of ewes with 100% fetal survival (96 vs 76%; P less than .05) were greater after treatment with IFN. It was concluded that supplementation of IFN increased both the number of ewes pregnant and embryonic survival.
The effects of community-based distribution of family planning services on contraceptive use: The case of a national scale-up in Malawi

Abstract Rationale Although many sub-Saharan African countries have scaled-up pilot projects of community-based distribution (CBD) of family planning services, the effects of the scaled-up CBDs on contraceptive use remain unclear. Objective We leveraged a national scale-up of Malawi's Learning and Innovation Population and Family Planning pilot to evaluate the effects of a scale-up of CBDs on contraceptive use. We also investigated whether education and income, two important determinants of contraceptive use behaviors, moderate the effects of the scaled-up CBDs. Method We used the 2000/2004 and 2010/2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys (N = 57,978) and difference-in-differences analyses to estimate the effects of the 2005 national scale-up of CBDs on modern contraceptive use. We used rural and urban communities as the intervention and comparison groups because the national CBDs were implemented only in rural communities. Contraceptive use is defined as the current use of any modern contraceptive method (e.g., pills) and was modelled using multilevel logistic regression. Results Prior to the implementation of the national scale CBDs (2000/2004), the probability of using contraceptives was 21.5% in rural communities and 26.3% in urban communities. After the scale-up (2010/2016), the probability of using contraceptives increased in both rural and urban communities but was greater in rural communities (44.9% vs. 42.9%). The effect attributable to the national scale CBDs was 6.8 percentage points (95% CI [3.3, 9.7]). The effects of the national CBDs were greater among uneducated and low-income women. Conclusions These findings suggest that national CBDs increase overall contraceptive use, particularly in rural communities, and that poor and uneducated women benefit more from family planning interventions that reduce communication and financial barriers.
ReMap: Multimodal Help-Seeking

ReMap is a multimodal interface that enables searching for learning videos using speech and in-task pointing. ReMap extends multimodal interaction to help-seeking for complex tasks. Users can speak search queries, adding app-specific terms deictically. Users can navigate ReMap's search results via speech or mouse. These features allow people to stay focused on their task while simultaneously searching for and using help resources. Future work should explore how to implement more robust deictic resolution and more modalities.
Optical Coherence Tomography Characteristics of the Choroid Underlying Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

Purpose This study evaluates and characterizes the choroid underlying congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE). Methods Retrospective observational study of CHRPE at least 2 mm in diameter. Choroidal vascular architecture was qualitatively examined. Choroidal thickness was measured by 2 independent observers using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results Forty-six eyes of 46 patients with CHRPE were included. Thirty-two lesions had imaging sufficient for analysis. Haller's layer was healthy in 18 (56%), thin in 13 (41%), and absent in 1 (2%). Sattler's layer was atrophic in 30 (94%), and choriocapillaris was atrophic in 31 (97%). CHRPE with thinned Haller's layer had significantly larger diameter. The mean sub-CHRPE choroidal thickness was 82.4 ± 7.9 µm, compared to a thickness of 148.4 ± 9.6 µm in the normal adjacent choroid (p Conclusion The underlying choroid CHRPE is thinner than the adjacent normal choroid. All layers of the choroid can be thin with a preference of the inner Sattler's and choriocapillaris layers.
Yeast phosphatidic acid phosphatase Pah1 hops and scoots along the membrane phospholipid bilayer

PA phosphatase, encoded by PAH1 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent dephosphorylation of PA, producing DAG at the nuclear/ER membrane. This enzyme plays a major role in triacylglycerol synthesis and in the regulation of phospholipid synthesis. As an interfacial enzyme, PA phosphatase interacts with the membrane surface, binds its substrate, and catalyzes its reaction. The Triton X-100/PA-mixed micellar system has been utilized to examine the activity and regulation of yeast PA phosphatase. This system, however, does not resemble the in vivo environment of the membrane phospholipid bilayer. We developed an assay system that mimics the nuclear/ER membrane to assess PA phosphatase activity. PA was incorporated into unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) composed of the major nuclear/ER membrane phospholipids, PC, PE, PI, and PS. We optimized this system to support enzyme-liposome interactions and to afford activity that is greater than that obtained with the aforementioned detergent system. Activity was regulated by phospholipid composition, whereas the enzyme's interaction with liposomes was insensitive to composition. Greater activity was attained with large (≥100 nm) versus small (50 nm) vesicles. The fatty-acyl moiety of PA had no effect on this activity. PA phosphatase activity was dependent on the bulk (hopping mode) and surface (scooting mode) concentrations of PA, suggesting a mechanism by which the enzyme operates along the nuclear/ER membrane in vivo.
Early Impact of Pennsylvania Act 112 on Follow-up of Abnormal Imaging Findings.

Abstract Objective Pennsylvania Act 112 requires diagnostic imaging facilities to directly notify outpatients about significant imaging abnormalities that require follow-up care within 3 months. The effects of Act 112 on patient care are unclear. We sought to characterize follow-up discussions and care received by outpatients with significant imaging abnormalities as defined by Act 112. Methods We evaluated findings flagged for patient notification under Act 112 at our institution over a 1-month period. We analyzed findings for radiologic reporting, follow-up discussions between patients and ordering providers, and follow-up medical care provided. Results Follow-up discussions were documented for 87% of findings (n = 205 of 235) and occurred on average 6.0 days after imaging examinations were performed. Follow-up discussions directly attributable to the Act 112 letter occurred in 0.4% of findings. Follow-up care was provided for 74% of findings on average 31.3 days after imaging examinations were performed. Provider-initiated follow-up discussions occurred earlier and were associated with shorter time to follow-up care when compared with patient-initiated discussions. Direct contact of ordering provider by interpreting radiologist was a significant predictor of occurrence of follow-up discussions and length of time to follow-up care. Discussion Act 112 had a small impact at our institution on improving completed follow-up for abnormal imaging findings. Our results also imply that health systems should encourage timeliness of patient-provider discussions of abnormal imaging findings and facilitate direct radiologist communication with ordering providers. Future studies should evaluate the impact of Act 112 in different practice settings to understand its broader impact on follow-up care.
The Three CCCs of Dysphagia Management: Culturally Competent Care

Purpose Patient-centered care is a healthcare approach that values an individual's right to make health care choices. For patients with dysphagia, honoring choices that carry significant health ris...
Organisational Ethics as Foundational for Organisational Health and Sustainability

Organisations seeking positive public perceptions, as well as employee engagement, continue to lean into the expression and implementation of organisational ethics, working to meet the bright line test of right and wrong rather than examining the fluidity of the ways in which organisational ethics exist. This chapter will propose an organisational opportunity to disrupt the status quo of meeting bright line tests and move to developing a holistic, fluid expression of organisational ethics. It will explore organisational ethics as the foundation of healthy and sustainable organisations co-created through engagement of participant agency, civility, inclusion and lived experience built through strategic human resource development initiatives of organisational community development.
Comparison of optical potential for nucleons and $\varDelta $ resonances: In electron scattering from nuclear targets

Precise modeling of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets is essential for neutrino oscillations experiments. The modeling of the energy of final state particles in quasielastic (QE) scattering and resonance production on bound nucleons requires knowledge of both the removal energy of the initial state bound nucleon as well as the average Coulomb and nuclear optical potentials for final state leptons and hadrons. We extract the average values of the real part of the nuclear optical potential for final state nucleons ($$U_{opt}^{QE}$$) as a function of the nucleon kinetic energy from inclusive electron scattering data on nuclear targets ($$_\mathbf{6 }^\mathbf{12 }{} \mathbf{C} $$+$$_\mathbf{8 }^\mathbf{16 }{} \mathbf{O} $$, $$_\mathbf{20 }^\mathbf{40 }{} \mathbf{Ca} $$+$$_\mathbf{18 }^\mathbf{40 }{} \mathbf{Ar} $$, $$_\mathbf{3 }^\mathbf{6 }{} \mathbf{Li} $$, $$_\mathbf{18 }^\mathbf{27 }{} \mathbf{Al} $$, $$_\mathbf{26 }^\mathbf{56 }{} \mathbf{Fe} $$, $$_\mathbf{82 }^\mathbf{208 }{} \mathbf{Pb} $$) in the QE region and compare to calculations. We also extract values of the average of the real part of the nuclear optical potential for a $$\varDelta (1232)$$ resonance in the final state ($$U^\varDelta _{opt}$$) within the impulse approximation. We find that $$U^\varDelta _{opt}$$ is more negative than $$U_{opt}^{QE}$$ with $$U^\varDelta _{opt}\approx $$1.5 $$U_{opt}^{QE}$$ for $$_\mathbf{6 }^\mathbf{12 }{} \mathbf{C} $$.
High-performance quantum-dot distributed feedback laser on silicon for high-speed modulations

We report a 1310 nm heterogeneous quantum-dot distributed feedback laser on silicon with high efficiency and modulation capability and demonstrate isolator-free external modulation at 25 Gb/s using a metal-oxide semiconductor capacitor microring modulator.