cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PERFECTORY: A Fault-Tolerant Directory Memory Architecture

The number of CPUs in chip multiprocessors is growing at the Moore's Law rate, due to continued technology advances. However, new technologies pose serious reliability challenges, such as more frequent occurrences of degraded or even nonoperational devices, and they threaten the cost-effectiveness and dependability of future computing systems. This work studies how to protect the on-chip coherence directory from fault occurrences. In a chip multiprocessor, cache coherence mechanisms such as directory memory are critical for offering consistent data view to all CPUs. We propose a novel online fault detection and correction scheme to enhance yield and resilience to runtime errors at a small performance cost. The proposed scheme uses smart encoding and coherence protocol adaptation strategies to salvage faulty directory entries. We also develop an online error recovery scheme that protects the directory memory from soft errors. We call our fault-tolerant directory memory architecture PERFECTORY. Evaluation results show that PERFECTORY achieves very high fault resilience: Over 99 percent chip yield at 0.05 percent hard error ratio and 1,934 years MTTF at 1,000 FIT using a 100-processor cluster configuration. PERFECTORY limits performance degradation to less than 1 percent at 0.05 percent hard error ratio and requires significantly smaller area overheads than existing redundancy approaches.
MUC4 down-regulation reverses chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies

The present study was undertaken to estimate the therapeutic benefit to down-regulate the MUC4 mucin for reversing chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer (PC) stem/progenitor cells and their progenies. The results have revealed that MUC4 mucin is overexpressed in CD133+ and CD133− pancreatic cells (PCs) detected in patient’s adenocarcinoma tissues while no significant expression was seen in normal pancreatic tissues. The gain- and loss-of-function analyses have indicated that the overexpression of MUC4 in PC lines is associated with a higher resistance to the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and apoptotic effects induced by gemcitabine. Importantly, the treatment of the MUC4-overexpressing CD18/HPAF-Src cells with gemcitabine resulted in an enrichment of the side population (SP) cells expressing CD133 while the total PC cells including non-SP cells detected in MUC4 knockdown CD18/HPAF-shMUC4 cells were responsive to the cytotoxic effects induced by gemcitabine. These data suggest that the MUC4 down-regulation may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the efficacy of gemcitabine to eradicate the total PC cell mass, and thereby preventing disease relapse.
A method for measuring colocalization of presynaptic markers with anatomically labeled axons using double label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy

Information concerning the location and distribution of presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites within anatomically labeled axons would be of value for a large number of studies in functional anatomy, development, and plasticity. Here we report a method for localizing presynaptic sites within identified arbors of interest using anterograde anatomical tracer injections to label axonal projections and synaptic vesicle protein (SVP) antibodies to label presumptive presynaptic terminals. The axons and presynaptic sites are independently visualized with double label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Stacks of images representing adjacent focal planes are collected, and image processing techniques are applied to identify the location of each axonal branch segment and each cluster of SVP label in three-dimensional space. Segmentation of the SVP label into distinct pixel clusters in three-dimensional space, followed by colocalization of these clusters with the labeled axons (object-based analysis), yields much more reliable and sensitive measures of colocalization than a simple determination of the number (or summed intensities) of colocalized pixels in a single optical section (pixel-based analysis). The method has been extended to measure the colocalization of antigens that are not located at the presynaptic terminal with a labeled population of axons.
Novel RNA chaperone domain of RNA-binding protein La is regulated by AKT phosphorylation

The cellular function of the cancer-associated RNA-binding protein La has been linked to translation of viral and cellular mRNAs. Recently, we have shown that the human La protein stimulates IRES-mediated translation of the cooperative oncogene CCND1 in cervical cancer cells. However, there is little known about the underlying molecular mechanism by which La stimulates CCND1 IRES-mediated translation, and we propose that its RNA chaperone activity is required. Herein, we show that La binds close to the CCND1 start codon and demonstrate that La's RNA chaperone activity can change the folding of its binding site. We map the RNA chaperone domain (RCD) within the C-terminal region of La in close proximity to a novel AKT phosphorylation site (T389). Phosphorylation at T389 by AKT-1 strongly impairs its RNA chaperone activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the RCD as well as T389 is required to stimulate CCND1 IRES-mediated translation in cells. In summary, we provide a model whereby a novel interplay between RNA-binding, RNA chaperoning and AKT phosphorylation of La protein regulates CCND1 IRES-mediated translation.
1‐Trimethylammonium‐2‐(di‐t‐butyl)phosphino)ethane Chloride, t‐Bu‐Amphos

[360577-23-7] C13H31ClNP(MW 279.8) InChI = 1S/C13H31NP.ClH/c1-12(2,3)15(13(4,5)6)11-10-14(7,8)9;/h10-11H2,1-9H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = NEFHYDFWVJXEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M (ligand for aqueous-phase metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions) Solubility: soluble in water and polar organic solvents, moderately soluble in methylene chloride, insoluble in nonpolar organic solvents. Form Supplied in: available as a pure solid. Analysis of Reagent: 31P{1H} NMR: 22.3 ppm (D2O). Preparative Methods: prepared by the reaction of lithium di-tert-butylphosphide-borane adduct and 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride at reflux in THF.1 The borane-protecting group is then removed by heating in morpholine to provide t-Bu-Amphos. Purification: the morpholine-borane adduct resulting from the deprotection step can be removed by sublimation under vacuum (100 °C, 100 mTorr). t-Bu-Amphos can be further purified by recrystallization from hot THF followed by slow cooling. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: t-Bu-Amphos is sensitive to oxygen and forms the corresponding phosphine oxide within hours at room temperature as a solid or in solution. It should be stored and handled under an inert atmosphere.
Encouraging the better angels: On designing the introductory course in american politics

own training is in research, not teaching; we are thus fundamentally underprepared for the activity that most of us spend most of our time doing. Though some of us are naturally better teachers than others, we all tend to muddle through individually and find our own way in the classroom; along the way we discover what techniques work best, given our personalities. Indeed, those fortunate enough to be exceptional teachers often have difficulty explaining their success to others.' In this regard, teaching is an art. But there may be aspects of a course's basic framework that are more or
Electron Devices on Piezoelectric Semiconductors: A Device Model

The effects of acoustic waves on the terminal characteristics of electron devices on piezoelectric semiconductors are considered. The piezoelectric displacement charge is regarded as a time- and space-vary ing perturbation of the doping density of the semiconductor. Incorpora- tion of this doping perturbation into the usual acoustically quiescent device model yields the acoustically perturbed characteristics. In par- tieular, the interaction of a surface acoustic wave with a fieldeffect transistor on GaAs is considered. Good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated. etal. (7) attempted to demonstrate a memory correlator using diodes in the SAW beam path on GaAs. Melloch and Wagers (SI circumvented the cause of failure of these devices by sit- uating the diodes outside the beam path, coupling the diodes to the SAW with fingersover the beam path, and have achieved encouraging results. This author has proposed a memory cor- relator structure, recently discussed by colleagues (7) as the design most appropriate for wide-band applications, in which reference waveform storage and subsequent correlation with the input signal are performed by FET's in a SAW beam path. In the present contribution, a new model for the acousto- electric interaction in electron devices such as diodes or FET's located in the acoustic beam path is developed. In this model, the primary effect of the acoustic wave is to create a piezo- electric displacement charge which is viewed as a change in effective doping density in the semiconductor. In addition, piezoresistive effects produce changes in doping density and in carrier mobility. The former piezoresistive effect is readily added to the piezoelectric displacement charge but is shown to
Implicit elastic matching with random projections for pose-variant face recognition

We present a new approach to robust pose-variant face recognition, which exhibits excellent generalization ability even across completely different datasets due to its weak dependence on data. Most face recognition algorithms assume that the face images are very well-aligned. This assumption is often violated in real-life face recognition tasks, in which face detection and rectification have to be performed automatically prior to recognition. Although great improvements have been made in face alignment recently, significant pose variations may still occur in the aligned faces. We propose a multiscale local descriptor-based face representation to mitigate this issue. First, discriminative local image descriptors are extracted from a dense set of multiscale image patches. The descriptors are expanded by their spatial locations. Each expanded descriptor is quantized by a set of random projection trees. The final face representation is a histogram of the quantized descriptors. The location expansion constrains the quantization regions to be localized not just in feature space but also in image space, allowing us to achieve an implicit elastic matching for face images. Our experiments on challenging face recognition benchmarks demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach for handling large pose variations, as well as its superb generalization ability.
Processing-induced changes in total phenolics and procyanidins in clingstone peaches

Clingstone peaches contain a wide array of complex secondary plant metabolites and polyphenolics, and increasing evidence indicates that many of these components are important in human health. Oligomeric flavan-3-ol metabolites (procyanidins) are particularly interesting owing to their potent antioxidant activity and protective cardiovascular effects. To date, little information is available on how postharvest and processing conditions impact levels of phenolics and procyanidins in fruit. This research addresses the impact of lye peeling, freezing, storage temperature (4 and 30 °C) and three different time-temperature sterilisation combinations on levels of total phenolics (TPs) in Ross clingstone peaches. Additionally, we describe the profile of procyanidin oligomers (monomers through heptamers) in clingstone and freestone peaches and demonstrate a dramatic decrease in procyanidins in thermally processed peaches. TP levels ranged between 316 and 397mg kg � 1 in peeled peaches and between 376 and 609mg kg � 1 in unpeeled peaches. Cold storage at 4 °C for 14 days or freezing and storing at � 12 °C for 3 months produced no loss in TPs. Peaches stored at 30 °C for 24h resulted in a 1.7-fold increase in TPs. Studies of TPs in peaches processed at temperatures of 213 °F for 40min, 220 °F for 10min and 230 °F for 2.4min indicate that processing above 213 °F decreases levels of both TPs (up to 21%) and procyanidins (up to 100%). Processing at 213 °F for 40min produced no significant loss in TPs. Furthermore, studies reveal that a 30-43% loss in phenolic levels occurs during the first 3 months in storage after canning. It is clear that both storage and thermal processing conditions profoundly impact the levels of polyphenolics in peaches. More interestingly, these studies indicate that peaches are a rich source of procyanidins, having profiles similar to those found in cocoa, apples, wine and tea. # 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
A nonparametric test of stationarity for independent data

Abstract A nonparametric test of stationarity for independent data is investigated. The test is based on comparing kernel density estimates calculated from subsamples of the data. Asymptotic distribution theory is developed and results of a modest simulation study are presented.
NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME do not produce state-dependent learning in goldfish

Our previous studies have shown that MK-801, an NMDA antagonist, and L-NAME, an NO synthase inhibitor, produce anterograde amnesia at doses that do not impair performance processes that are necessary for learning to occur. Furthermore, MK-801 does not produce retrograde amnesia, whereas L-NAME does. By using active avoidance conditioning as the learning paradigm and by using 2 × 2 factorial designs, in the present study we investigated whether MK-801 and L-NAME would produce state-dependent learning resulting in anterograde amnesia. Neither MK-801 nor L-NAME produced state-dependent learning. Thus, anterograde amnesia produced by MK-801 and L-NAME cannot be due to state-dependent learning. The present results, combined with our previous results, suggest that MK-801 impairs learning, whereas L-NAME impairs memory consolidation and possibly learning.
Applications of Nanotechnology to the Brain and Central Nervous System

In Reshaping the Human Condition: Exploring Human Enhancement, a recent report by the Rathenau Institute, in collaboration with the British Embassy in the Hague and the UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Professor the Lord Winston, Professor of Science and Society at Imperial College dismisses any concern about the application of nanotechnology research to the field of neuroscience as too nascent and inconclusive (Zonneveld et al. 2008). No other mention of nanotechnology occurs in the report. This view is common. In informal conversations with a number of leading researchers in the field of neural prosthetics, our colleague found little knowledge of nanotechnology or expectation that it would have any significant impact on the field for the near future. Current neural prosthetics technologies operate at the micrometer scale range, at the smallest, and this was deemed as sufficient for the design of neural implant devices (Robert, personal communication). Imagine our surprise, then, when a search of Web of Science generated over 10,000 research articles at the intersection of nanotechnology and neuroscience.
Synthesis and Characterization of Calixarene Tetraethers: An Exercise in Supramolecular Chemistry for the Undergraduate Organic Laboratory

In this experiment for an introductory undergraduate organic chemistry lab, students tetraalkylate tert-butylcalix[4]arene, a bowl-shaped macrocyclic oligophenol, and examine the supramolecular chemistry of the tetraether product by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Complexation with a sodium ion reduces the conformational mobility of the macrocycle through host–guest interactions, greatly simplifying the 1H NMR spectrum of the macrocycle and providing an excellent example of geminal coupling between the diastereotopic protons of the methylene bridges. By dealing explicitly with the organic chemistry of large molecules and host–guest complementarity, this experiment provides a useful pedagogical bridge from small-molecule organic chemistry to the biochemistry of macromolecules such as enzymes.
Factors influencing oral adherence: qualitative metasummary and triangulation with quantitative evidence.

Background Concern about adherence to oral agents among patients with cancer has grown as more oral agents are being used for cancer treatment. Knowledge of common factors that facilitate or inhibit adherence to oral medication regimens can be beneficial to clinicians in identifying patients at risk for nonadherence, in planning care to address barriers to adherence, and in educating patients about ways to improve adherence. Objectives The focus of this review is to synthesize the evidence about factors that influence adherence and identify implications for practice. Methods Literature was searched via PubMed and CINAHL®. Evidence regarding factors influencing adherence was synthesized using a metasummary of qualitative research and triangulated with findings from quantitative research. Findings Forty-four factors influencing adherence were identified from 159 research studies of patients with and without cancer. Factors associated with adherence in oncology and non-oncology cases included provider relations, side effects, forgetfulness, beliefs about medication necessity, establishing routines for taking medication, social support, ability to fit medications in lifestyle, cost, and medication knowledge. Among patients with cancer, depression and negative expectations of results also were shown to have a negative relationship to adherence.
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is defined as the progressive, potentially reversible dysfunction of two or more organ systems following acute, life-threatening disruption of systemic homeostasis. Now nearly 40 years since its initial description [1], MODS remains the leading cause of mortality among patients requiring ICU care. Furthermore, the financial burden to both individual hospitals and the health care system as a result of caring for patients with MODS is astronomical. Currently, MODS is believed to represent the most severe manifestation of dysregulated or uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Despite a sophisticated understanding of the pathogenesis of MODS, effective therapies have remained elusive; prevention is crucial if lives are to be spared. This is likely due to the underlying heterogeneity of the syndrome itself; organ dysfunction may arise following a vast array of physiologic insults, and MODS may affect variable numbers of organ systems to varying degrees at different times. Further frustrating the development of targeted therapeutics are the redundancy and interrelationships of the dysregulated immune response characteristic of MODS.
Power Variables in Milling and Mixing Rubber

Abstract OF THE expenses involved in the milling and mixing of rubber, the costs of materials and of labor are constantly subjected to the closest analysis. Economic drives are concentrated mainly upon them. Power, being a less tangible thing, often eludes the attention that is warranted by the profitable study of factors which may introduce savings. Frequently its cost equals or exceeds that for labor in a mill-room operation. When in a large factory there may be previously plasticized daily a half million pounds of crude rubber, when a half million pounds of master-batches are prepared, and when every day one and a half million pounds of compounded rubber stocks are mixed, power bulks enormously. Milling and mixing equipment to do that demands a power input of approximately 21,500 horsepower, or about 386,000 kilowatt hours. At one cent per K. W. H., as an example, this represents a daily cost of $3,860. With an average of 250 working days a year, the total reaches nearly a million dollars. The smaller ...
Relational Mentoring Episodes as a Catalyst for Empowering Protégés: A Conceptual Model

We take empowerment from tasks to relationships by introducing the construct of psychological empowerment in the context of mentoring episodes. We introduce a new perspective for examining psycholo...
Exploring engineering

Engineering faculty members at Bucknell University have established a course required for freshman engineering students and open to liberal arts students. The course has been designed to stimulate and enhance student interest in all the engineering disciplines at Bucknell. The course ranges broadly across small groups, faculty-lead recitations, laboratory experiences, student design projects, traditional lectures, and guest speakers. The exploring engineering course has completed its second year. The authors describe the course, the changes made since the initial offering and the impact on the students and faculty involved. They also present and interpret student evaluations of the course. >
Geriatric Canons:: A Look at Aging Through Literature

As our curriculum expands to include world cultures, gender studies, geriatric and gerontological studies, our existing literary canons must be examined with new eyes. Modern educators must be sensitive to the perceptions presented by our canons, and the discovery of a "geriatric canon"; a canon which examines our views of aging in both past and present literary works, is particularly relevant to studies of the elderly. Perceptions of the aged in Western literature have changed through the centuries, as have our perceptions of the aged in Western society. It is important to look at identifiable trends concerning the aged, for such a study can do more than show us the changes in our literary portrayal of the elderly. Examination of trends in literature can give us long-term insights into our own humanity and mortality; not only as we are but as we were.
Migrant Employment in the Ethnic Economy: Why Do Some Migrants Become Ethnic Entrepreneurs and Others Co-Ethnic Workers?

Polish migrants who migrated to the UK in the post-2004 period constructed Polish ethnic economies with the Polish entrepreneurs largely using the surrounding ethnic economy to provide their co-ethnic workers. Through exploring the range of motivations and characteristics of those Polish migrants that became ethnic entrepreneurs and co-ethnic workers, this paper will focus on the variations between these ethnic economy-embedded actors, particularly: why do some migrants become ethnic entrepreneurs and other migrants become their co-ethnic workers? Using data acquired through semi-structured interviews with Polish migrants in Cardiff in 2008 and 2011, trajectories have been constructed which focus on the changing motivations and characteristics of these migrants over time. From the findings, the migrants’ acquisition of human capital in the destination country coupled with the migrants’ social network usage are the main differences between those migrants that chose ethnic entrepreneurship and those migrants that chose co-ethnic employment. These findings are pertinent to the policy discussion at the national level and the supranational level in regard to both migrant self-employment and the integration of European migrants.
The Lex Repetundarum and the Political Ideas of Gaius Gracchus

It may be taken as proven, so far as anything is ever finally proved in ancient history that the Roman law contained in the fragmented bronze tablet once owned by Cardinal Bembo is the lex repetundarum, or recovery law, of Gaius Gracchus, or of a political associate who shared the same ideas about the so-called ‘extortion court’, despite the doubts of Professor Mattingly, who, reviving the thesis of Carcopino and earlier scholars, sought to identify it with the later law of Servilius Glaucia. This law, which may be conveniently called the Lex Sempronia; is probably the only law of Gaius Gracchus that was concerned with jurors. It is both a lex repetundarum and a lex iudiciaria, because at this time there was no other regular political jury court except the court of recovery. The Lex Sempronia which succeeds the Lex Calpurnia of 149 (and its adjunct the obscure Lex Iunia), replace the senatorial jurors of the previous system by jurors who are not drawn from the senatorial class. But it does many other things, and it is an absolute treasure-house of information about the political and social ideas of its author. Historians have not effectively used it information for the general interpretation of the political thinking of Gaius Gracchus because they suffer from a fixed idea.
A new species of Rozites from oak forests of Colombia, with notes on biogeography

Rozites colombiana is newly described from a Quercus humboldtii forest in Colombia. Possessing a dry cap and pale violet lamellae, R. colombiana appears somewhat similar to species that apparently form ectomycorrhizae with Lithocarpus and Castanopsis in Papua New Guinea, and with Nothofagus in New Caledonia. The association of R. colombiana with a South American Quercus adds new information on the biogeography of the genus.
Comparison of quick-look plume heating calculations and Monte Carlo direct simulation

A quick-look method has been developed for estimating convective heat flux due to plume impingement in the transition flow regime on a concave surface surrounding a rocket nozzle. Comparison with the flowfield and heat fluxes computed by the Monte Carlo Direct Simulation Method show the quick-look method to be conservative. Assumptions regarding the nature of the flowfield based on engineering judgment were shown to be essentially valid. Further, the assumption of free molecular impingement was shown to be non-conservative for portions of the surface. Potential refinements of the quick-look method are discussed.
Abstract 621: Targeting phosphatidylserine to improve androgen deprivation therapy of prostate cancer

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective against androgen-dependent prostate cancer, but patients usually relapse from the outgrowth of androgen-independent disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that relapse can be prevented by combining ADT with treatment with a monoclonal antibody that binds exposed phosphatidylserine (PS). The rationale behind this hypothesis is that ADT will create hypoxia which induces PS exposure on the tumor vascular endothelial cells, leading to immune cell attack on tumor vasculature, collapse of the vessels and death of hormone-resistant and hormone-sensitive tumor cells through deprivation of oxygen and nutrients. In addition, the antibody should block the immunosuppressive effects of PS and induce reactivation of T-cell immunity. To test this hypothesis, we used ADT and anti-PS antibodies (2aG4 or murine chimeric 1N11) to treat mice bearing hormone-sensitive prostate tumors. The tumor models were: i) immunocompromised mice bearing human LNCaP prostate tumors; ii) transgenic (TRAMP) mice which spontaneously develop adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate. Castration induced exposure of PS on blood vessels and tumor cells in both models. Vascular PS exposure corresponded with hypoxia, as judged by pimonidazole staining. In the LNCaP model, castration alone delayed tumor growth but all animals relapsed with hormone-independent disease, whereas mice treated with castration plus anti-PS antibody did not relapse. In TRAMP mice castrated at 15-weeks of age, only 54% (7/13) of mice treated with castration alone survived beyond 40-weeks of age, as compared with 92% (12/13) of mice treated with castration and 1N11. No toxicity to the mice was caused by the antibody treatment. Tumor blood flow and perfusion were markedly reduced in mice treated with castration and anti-PS antibody. Histological studies revealed extensive disruption of tumor vasculature and abundant infiltration of immune cells, principally M1 macrophages. These results demonstrate that PS becomes exposed on prostate cancer tumor vasculature and tumor cells in response to hypoxia caused by ADT in the tumor microenvironment. The exposed PS could serve as a target to enhance the efficacy of ADT against prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-621
Multilayer coupler design and implementation for RFID systems and energy harvesting applications

Design, simulation, and implementation of multilayer microstrip type directional couplers for RFID systems operating in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range is presented. The two-line multi-layer microstrip directional coupler is integrated to the front end of an RFID system to provide the required isolation between transmitter and receiver, preventing signal leakage. Several configurations of two-line multi-layer microstrip couplers have been designed, simulated, built and tested. Microstrip couplers have been implemented using several different materials. It has been shown that analytical, simulation, and measurement results are all in agreement. The presented technique can be also used for design of passive components in energy harvesting applications.
Lateral Epicondylitis and Tobacco Use: A Case-Control Study.

Although lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a very common tendinopathy, we understand little about the etiology of the disease. Tobacco use has been associated with other tendinopathies, and the purpose of this study is to determine if there is an association between the incidence of lateral epicondylitis and tobacco use.We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. Patients from a single orthopaedic surgeon's practice with LE were matched to control patients with other common upper extremity conditions based on age, gender, and occupation. A total of 65 case patients and 217 control patients were included in the study. The incidence of smoking in patients with lateral epicondylitis was compared to the incidence of smoking in the control group.Of the LE patients, 30/65 (46.2%) were non-smokers, 23/65 (35.4%) were former smokers, and 12/65 (18.5%) were current smokers. Of the control patients, 121/217 (55.8%) were non-smokers, 45/217 (20.7%) were former smokers, and 51/217 (23.5%) were current smokers. The odds of LE patients being former or current smokers compared to control patients were 1.45 times higher, but this was not statistically significant. Among people who did not smoke at the time of presentation, the odds of being a former smoker were 2.28 times higher in LE patients than in controls, which was statistically significant.The odds of being a former smoker were significantly higher in patients with lateral epicondylitis compared to patients with other upper extremity conditions. Although it did not reach statistical significance, the odds of being former or current smokers were also higher in the LE group. These results suggest a relationship between smoking history and incidence of lateral epicondylitis, though more research is needed to determine the exact nature of the relationship.Prognostic, Level III.
Multimodality sensing for eating recognition

While many sensors can monitor physical activity, there is no device that can unobtrusively measure eating at the same level of detail. Yet, tracking and reacting to food consumption is key to managing many chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Eating recognition has primarily used a single sensor at a time in a constrained environment but sensors may fail and each may pick up different types of eating. We present a multi-modality study of eating recognition, which combines head and wrist motion (Google Glass, smartwatches on each wrist), with audio (custom earbud microphone). We collect 72 hours of data from 6 participants wearing all sensors and eating an unrestricted set of foods, and annotate video recordings to obtain ground truth. Using our noise cancellation method, audio sensing alone achieved 92% precision and 89% recall in finding meals, while motion sensing was needed to find individual intakes.
Immigration: Implikationen für Stress und Gesundheit

Nach Schatzungen der Vereinten Nationen (2009) haben ca. 3 % der Weltbevolkerung, also fast 191 Millionen Menschen, ihre Heimat (dauerhaft) verlassen, um sich in einem anderen Land niederzulassen. Zwischen 1990 und 2005 ist die weltweite Zahl um 36 Millionen gestiegen, wobei die Mehrheit (60 %) dieser Einwanderer in wirtschaftlich entwickelte Lander strebt.
A novel method to determine gate-drain overlap in sub-micron transistors

This paper describes a novel method to determine the gate-drain overlap in a sub-micron channel length transistor under circuit operating conditions. The method essentially entails applying 500 ns wide square wave pulses to the MOSFET drain and measuring the drain current response as determined by the gate coupling which, in turn, is determined by the gate-drain overlap capacitance. After obtaining an accurate DC current model, the pulse measurements are matched with SPICE simulations to determine the accurate value for total lateral diffusion. >
Tissue-specific regulation of alternative polyadenylation represses expression of a neuronal ankyrin isoform in C. elegans epidermal development

Differential mRNA polyadenylation plays an important role in shaping the neuronal transcriptome. In C. elegans, several ankyrin isoforms are produced from the unc-44 locus through alternative polyadenylation. Here, we identify a key role for an intronic polyadenylation site (PAS) in temporal- and tissue-specific regulation of UNC-44/ankyrin isoforms. Removing an intronic PAS results in ectopic expression of the neuronal ankyrin isoform in non-neural tissues. This mis-expression underlies epidermal developmental defects in mutants of the conserved tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase dapk-1 We have previously reported that the use of this intronic PAS depends on the nuclear polyadenylation factor SYDN-1, which inhibits the RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase SSUP-72. Consistent with this, loss of sydn-1 blocks ectopic expression of neuronal ankyrin and suppresses epidermal morphology defects of dapk-1 These effects of sydn-1 are mediated by ssup-72 autonomously in the epidermis. We also show that a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PINN-1 antagonizes SYDN-1 in the spatiotemporal control of neuronal ankyrin isoform. Moreover, the nuclear localization of PINN-1 is altered in dapk-1 mutants. Our data reveal that tissue and stage-specific expression of ankyrin isoforms relies on differential activity of positive and negative regulators of alternative polyadenylation.
Developing Professional Competence in Graduate School: Student Experiences of the Social Work Curriculum

This qualitative study explores the development of professional competence in masterslevel social work students at a faith-based university in the northeastern United States. Through focus groups, students discuss aspects of the implicit and explicit curriculum that helped them develop mindfulness, self-compassion, and empathy – qualities thought to contribute to professional competence in social work practice. Considering their years of study, students identified specific course topics, activities and assignments as well as relationships with students, advisors, and internship supervisors. Support of fellow students and unconventional experiences such as meeting a homeless man on the street had a strong impact on students’ development of the qualities being studied. Implications for social work education and professional training for the helping professions are discussed. These preliminary results are part of a larger longitudinal study in progress.
Residing in economically distressed rural Appalachia is independently associated with excess body weight in college students.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity is greater among adults living in rural compared to urban areas of the USA. Greater obesity risk among rural adults persists after adjusting for obesity-related behaviors and sociodemographic factors. With the rural-urban obesity disparity greatest among younger adults, it is important to examine the complexity of factors that may increase the risk for excess body weight in this population so that effective preventive interventions can be implemented. College students residing in economically deprived rural areas such as rural Appalachia may be particularly at risk for excess body weight from exposure to both rural and college obesogenic environments. The purpose of this study was to determine if living in economically distressed rural Appalachia is independently associated with excess body weight among college students. METHODS College students aged 18-25 years who were lifetime residents of either rural Eastern Appalachian Kentucky (n=55) or urban Central Kentucky (n=54) participated in this cross-sectional study. Students completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors including smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity. Height and weight were obtained during a brief health examination to calculate body-mass index (BMI). Excess body weight was defined as being overweight or obese with a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater. Binary logistic regression was used to determine if living in economically distressed rural Appalachia was independently associated with excess body weight. RESULTS The prevalence of excess body weight was higher in the rural Appalachian group than the urban group (50% vs 24%, p<0.001). Depressive symptom scores and smoking prevalence were also greater in the rural Appalachian group. There were no differences in fruit and vegetable intake and vigorous physical activity between the groups. Residing in economically distressed rural Appalachia was associated with more than a six-fold increased risk of overweight or obesity, controlling for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors (odds ratio=6.36, 95%CI=1.97-20.48, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Living in economically distressed rural Appalachia was associated with excess body weight in college students independent of sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, and obesity-related behaviors. Further research is needed to determine other characteristics of this region that are associated with excess body weight so that effective programs to reduce obesity risk can be implemented.
Beliefs do not come in degrees

Philosophers commonly say that beliefs come in degrees (or that beliefs are graded or that there are partial beliefs). Drawing from the literature, I make precise three arguments for this claim: an argument from degrees of confidence, an argument from degrees of firmness, and an argument from natural language. I show that they all fail. I also advance three arguments that beliefs do not come in degrees: an argument from natural language, an argument from intuition, and an argument from the metaphysics of degrees. On the basis of these arguments, I conclude that beliefs do not come in degrees.
Schizophrenia and creativity: A meta-analytic review.

Abstract The present study investigated the relationship between creativity and schizophrenia with a 3-level multilevel meta-analytic approach. Analyses with 200 effect sizes obtained from 42 studies found a mean effect size of r = − 0.324, 95%CI [− 0.42, − 0.23]. Further analyses focused on moderators and indicated that the relationship between schizophrenia and creativity is moderated by type of creativity measure, the content of creativity measure, the severity of schizophrenia, and patient status. The negative mean effect size was stronger with semantic-category or verbal-letter fluency tasks than the divergent thinking or associational measures. Performance on verbal measures of creativity was significantly lower than the nonverbal measures. When effect sizes were compared at different levels of severity, a stronger and more negative mean effect size was obtained at chronic schizophrenia than acute and early onset levels. Studies that involved inpatients had a significantly higher (more negative) mean effect size than those involving outpatients. When these findings are considered along with previous meta-analyses on the link between creativity and psychoticism and schizotypy, creativity and psychopathology seem to have an inverted-U relationship. A mild expression of schizophrenia symptoms may support creativity but a full demonstration of the symptoms undermines it.
ZigZag: An efficient deterministic Network-on-chip routing algorithm design

As the technology scales toward deeper submicron, system-on-chip designs have migrated from fairly simple single processor and memory designs to relatively complicated systems with higher communication requirements. Network-on-chip architectures emerged as promising solutions for future system-on-chip communication architecture designs. However, the switching and routing algorithm design of network-on-chip communication architectures are still facing great challenges. To address the deficiencies of the existing routing algorithms, a new deterministic network-on-chip routing algorithm: ZigZag routing algorithm is proposed in this paper. The specifics of the algorithm as well as the simulation results and analysis are also presented. For the proposed ZigZag algorithm, the X direction and Y direction distances are compared. The packets are sent in the direction with the greater distance until they become equal at which point, the packets sent alternates between the X direction and the Y direction until they reach their destination. Simulation of the proposed ZigZag routing algorithm and two existing routing algorithms have been carried out on NIRGAM network-on-chip simulator. Simulation results illustrate that the performance of the ZigZag routing algorithm matches or exceeds the performance of the existing routing algorithms.
The Syndemic Effect of Injection Drug Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and HIV on Mental Health Among Drug-Involved Women in Kazakhstan

We examined the synergistic effect of substance use (injection drug use), intimate partner violence, and HIV (dubbed the "SAVA syndemic") on depression and suicidal thoughts among a sample of high-risk women in Kazakhstan, a country with a notably high prevalence of suicide and violence against women, and concentrated epidemics of HIV and injection drug use. Using baseline data from an intervention study conducted in Almaty, Kazakhstan among 364 drug-involved couples, multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the SAVA syndemic continuum and mental health. Compared to women reporting none of the SAVA conditions, women who experienced the full range of the SAVA syndemic continuum had a 15.5-fold odds (p < .05) of reporting depression and a 6-fold odds (p < .05) in reporting suicidal thought disturbances. Findings suggest the need for integrated screening assessments among practitioners and interventions designed to address multiple, commonly co-occurring conditions in Central Asia.
Classifying influenza outbreaks by analyzing and filtering Twitter data

This paper uses twitter streaming and filtering techniques to determine which cities the flu is most prevalent in real time. The Twitter streaming API was used to collect data and filter using keywords and location. Our results show that more heavily populated cities have more cases of the flu.
Stochastic Differential Equations with Discontinuous Drift

The study of interacting particle systems arise in physics in case of spin systems and behavior of systems following Glauber dynamics. They can be modeled with stochastic differential equations in ℝ∞ or in \({\mathbb{R}}^{{\mathbb{Z}}^{d}}\), d>1. One wishes to know if a solution exists and determine its state space. For example, it may be interesting if the solution is in l 2. However, we consider models where the drift coefficient is not continuous on l 2. This complication, together with the fact that the Peano theorem fails in infinite dimensions, can be overcome by noting that the embedding from l 2 to ℝ∞ is continuous and compact, and by applying the “method of compact embedding” from Chap. 3. We construct weak solutions, generally in a Hilbert space H, which are not continuous as functions into the state space with its natural topology. However, by identifying H with l 2↪ℝ∞, they turn out to be continuous in the topology induced on H from ℝ∞. This part is related to the work of Leha and Ritter (Math. Ann. 270:109–123, 1985), where equations in general form are studied and the motivation comes from modeling of unbounded spin systems. We show the existence of solutions under weaker condition on the drift and provide Galerkin approximation in the case studied by Leha and Ritter. In the second part we prove existence of solutions for quantum lattice systems in \({\mathbb{R}}^{{\mathbb{Z}}^{d}}\) under weaker assumptions than those considered by Albeverio et al. (Rev. Math. Phys. 13(1):51–124, 2001) in justifying Glauber dynamics. To that end, we change the set-up to equations in a dual to a nuclear space and obtain weak solutions using compact embeddings.
First-Order System in One Dimension

In fluid dynamics another important phenomenon is diffusion or conduction which is described by second-order derivatives in the governing equations. The Laplace or Poisson equation can be considered as the standard form of an equation describing isotropic diffusion in all space directions. For the Laplace or Poisson equation, the Rayleigh—Ritz method yields a symmetric and positive-definite system of linear algebraic equations and has an optimal rate of convergence. However, in practice, one is often interested in not only the primal variable (e.g., the temperature in heat conduction, the potential in irrotational incompressible flows, and the electric or magnetic potential in electromagnetics), but also the dual variable (e.g., the flux in heat conduction, the velocity in fluid flows, and the electric or magnetic field intensity in electromagnetics). The solution of dual variables computed by a posteriori numerical differentiation has low accuracy in general and is discontinuous across the element boundary.
Mentors: Ron Kaback.

There is no question that H. Ronald Kaback’s research has been extraordinarily innovative, creative, and of high impact. But in fact, his impact as a mentor is as legendary as his scientific contributions. The number of scientific children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that Ron has all
A Perspective on Vocational Rehabilitation for the Physician

Vocational rehabilitation—The profession of vocational rehabilitation counseling, or rehabilitation counseling, began in the early 1920s but gained crucial momentum in the United States after World War II as an effort to help veterans with disabilities access employment or return to work after disabling injury (Leahy and Szymanski, J Couns Dev 74:163–166, 1995). In 1954, the Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments (Vocational Rehabilitation Amendments of 1954, Pub. L. No. 83-565, 1954) established funding through the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) for the development of master’s-level counselor education programs, and accreditation standards for these programs emerged in 1972. As of this writing, there are approximately 93 programs in 44 US states and territories (Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE), CORE Master’s programs in rehabilitation counselor education 2014–15 academic year. Schaumberg, IL: CORE, 2015). Typical coursework encompasses medical and psychosocial aspects of disability, diverse counseling approaches, vocational assessment, disability evaluation, career development and assessment, job placement and case management strategies, legal and legislative foundations, and ethics (Riggar and Maki, Handbook of Rehabilitation Counseling. New York: Springer, 2004). For the past 40 years, the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) has regulated professional practice. The associated credential (CRC) is available and awarded to those who complete qualifying graduate training, including a supervised practicum and internship, and pass a national exam (Leahy and Szymanski, J Couns Dev 74:163–166, 1995).