The association between adhd and nicotine in a prospective sample of youth

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 140 (2014) e169–e251 e243 NPOUand 59% of those reportedNPSU in the past 6months. Among those with lifetime NPOU or NPSU, 28% met criteria for dependence or abuse and 42% were at moderate or high risk for problems related to prescription opiates or sedatives respectively. Correlates of lifetimeNPOU included identifying as Caucasian and cocaine use. Correlates of lifetime NPSU included Caucasian race, cocaine use, current depression, alcohol misuse and peer violence. Conclusions: Among adolescents and young adults that have used drugs in the past 6 months, NPOU and NPSU is common, with over 25% meeting criteria for dependence and abuse. Financial support: NIDA R01DA024646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.671 Changes in the age distribution of admissions to substance abuse treatment for opioid abuse in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010 J.C. Willis, Howard Chilcoat Risk Management and Epidemiology, Purdue Pharma, L.P., Stamford, CT, United States Aims: In recent years there have been substantial increases in substance abuse treatment episodes with opiates as the primary drug of abuse in the US. This study examines changes in the age distribution and associated characteristics of these individuals over time. Methods: Data from the 2000 to 2010 Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) were used to estimate the numbers of people entering treatment with prescription opioids as primary drug of abuse in publicly funded treatment centers in the US. Trends in the numbers and distributions over time were compared by age, as well as characteristics including route of administration, source of referral and frequency of use. Results: Number of treatment entries increased 5-fold from 2000 to 2010. Therewas a shift in the distribution towards younger ages inmore recent surveys. In 2000, peak prevalencewas in 35–39 year olds versus 25–29 year olds in 2010. 58% of people entering treatment in 2000 were above age 35 compared to 28% by 2010. In contrast, 31% of people entering treatment in 2010 were under age 25 versus 13% in 2000. There was a difference in the primary route of administrationbyagebetween2000and2010:14%of18–20year olds reported inhalationas their primary route in2000as compared with 35% in 2010. In contrast patterns of injecting showed little change over time, with 16% of 18–20 year olds reporting injection as their primary route. Adolescents were more likely to be infrequent users than older individuals with little change in patterns of frequency by age over time. Criminal justice was a major source of referral for younger age groups, 23% of people under age 20 were referred via criminal justice in 2010. Conclusions: Between2000and2010 therewas a large increase in treatment episodes among younger individuals, who are less likely to represent patients who were taking the medicine as directed following a prescription. The differences in the characteristics of younger compared to older patients require different prevention and treatment strategies to address the changing age demographics. Financial support: Funded by Purdue Pharma, L.P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.672 The association between adhd and nicotine in a prospective sample of youth Ken Winters, S. Lee, A. Symmes Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,