cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylene blue plus light mediates 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine formation in DNA preferentially over strand breakage

Methylene blue (MB) plus light, in the presence of oxygen, mediates formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in DNA. The yield of 8-hydroxyguanine may be as much as from 2 to 4% of the guanines present. The results presented here show that treatment of supercoiled plasmid DNA with methylene blue plus light causes single-stranded nicks. However, single-stranded nicking occurs approximately 17-fold less frequently than does formation of 8-hydroxyguanine. The nicking rate is reduced in the presence of Mg ion but is not prevented by inhibitors of the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction or by scavengers of hydroxyl free radicals. Extensive exposure of DNA to light in the presence of MB produces no detectable thiobarbital reactive material thus implicating that single strand nicking does not occur by hydroxyl free radical attack on deoxyribose. Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine is apparently not dependent upon intercalative binding of MB to DNA, since it is formed in polydeoxyguanylic acid.
Maturation of the Prolactin and Proopiomelanocortin Derived Peptide Responses to Ether Stress and Morphine: Neurochemical Analysis

The hormonal and neurochemical responses to acute ether stress, morphine, and/or naloxone were analyzed in infantile (13-day-old) and prepubertal (36-day-old) male CD rats in an attempt to identify a possible neurochemical correlate(s) for the previously demonstrated requisite maturation of the PRL response to ether stress. Neuronal serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) activities were examined in the medial preoptic hypothalamic area (MPOH), medial basal hypothalamic area (MBH), and median eminence (ME). Ether stress increased plasma PRL, ACTH, and β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (βSend) as well as NE metabolism in the MPOH and MBH and neuronal 5-HT activity in the MBH, and decreased neuronal DA activity in the ME of prepubertal animals. Ether stress elicited similar changes in infantile animals, with the important exceptions that plasma PRL, neuronal 5-HT activity in the MBH, and neuronal DA synthesis in the ME were not affected at this earlier age. Morphine increased plasma PRL, AC...
America and the pill: a history of promise, peril, and liberation, by Elaine Tyler May, New York, Basic Book, 2010, 209 pp., US$29.95 (cloth), ISBN 0465011527

Read most histories of the Sixties and you quickly learn that the 1950s morphed into the next notorious decade because of what important men wrote and did. Their brilliant criticism of the organiza...
Project Management Skills: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Librarian Position Announcements

Project management is pervasive in the literature and practice of many industries, including finance, IT, engineering, and biotechnology. The recent rapid proliferation of complex library services such as virtual reference and digital repositories suggests that the role of librarians is becoming increasingly project-oriented. This article presents an overview of professional project management and a literature review from the library science and management literatures. A content analysis of librarian position announcements was conducted, and indicates that project management skills are in demand for librarians. However, it is unclear whether current library science literature and education adequately address project management skills or other traditionally “extra-librarian” leadership qualities now needed to effectively manage project based initiatives in libraries.
Sporogenesis in the Bryophyte Anthocerosis : Features shown by Fluorescence Microscopy

FLUORESCENCE microscopy has been found useful in bacterial identification, clinical diagnosis, fluorescent antibody techniques, and general cytological studies1. Recently, Shellhorn, Hull and Martin2 have extended the use of fluorescence microscopy to the detection of fresh and fossil pollen grains by using autofluorescence of exines.
Setting up the stage: A decade of Latin American film scholarship

Barnard, Tim, ed. Argentine Cinema. Toronto: Nightwood Editions, 1986. Burton, Julianne. Cinema and Social Change in Latin America: Conversations With Filmmakers. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986. Burton, Julianne. The New Latin American Cinema: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Smyrna Press, 1983. Chanan, Michael. The Cuban Image: Cinema and Cultural Politics in Cuba. London: British Film Institute, 1985. Chanan, Michael. Twenty‐five Years of the New Latin American Cinema. London: British Film Institute, 1983. Fusco, Coco, ed. Reviewing Histories: Selections from New Latin American Cinema. Buffalo, NY: Hallwalls, 1987. Johnson, Randal. Cinema Novo X Five: Masters of Contemporary Brazilian Film. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984. Johnson, Randal. The Film Industry in Brazil: Culture and the State. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987. Johnson, Randal and Robert Stam, eds. Brazilian Cinema. Rutherford, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1982 (paper edition, University of Texas P...
Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide: Mediation of Hypocotyl Hook-Opening Response

Ethylene at low concentrations inhibits the light-induced opening of the bean hypocotyl hook; auxin inhibits the opening by inducing production of ethylene. Light causes a decrease in ethylene production and an increase in the production of carbon dioxide. Hook opening appears to be a response in which ethylene serves as a natural growth regulator and in which carbon dioxide may be involved also as a growth regulator through its antagonism of the action of ethylene.
Spying at the Drycleaners: Anonymous Gossip in 1973 Mexico City

When inflation began to rise rapidly in 1973, the Mexico City middle classes reacted to growing economic instability by participating in a wave of rumour and gossip about prices and possible peso devaluations, and by repeating jokes that targeted President Luis Echeverria's (1970–1976) policies and personality. This article examines how the Mexican state responded to this political banter by sending government spies to eavesdrop or collect juicy details from informants. The author focuses on one government spy report that details gossip and rumour in everyday sites of consumption, such as supermarkets and dry-cleaning shops, to discuss the promises and problems of using the recently declassified Gobernacion (Ministry of the Interior) intelligence archive. Analysed alongside other sources, these intelligence reports offer an unusual window into the everyday history of economic crisis and Cold War politics.
Rehabilitation of medically complex ectodermal dysplasia with novel surgical and prosthodontic protocols

The functional and aesthetic needs of a 17-year-old patient afflicted with ectodermal dysplasia, chronic long-term immunosuppression, cleft palate, velopharyngeal insufficiency, hypernasality, maxillary hypoplasia, and oligodontia were met with a multidisciplinary team approach. Predictable functional and aesthetic outcomes were obtained with a combination of injection augmentation of the soft palate and nasopharynx and rigid fixation maxillary external distraction with immediate placement and immediate load protocols. No biological or prosthetic complications were noted after definitive rehabilitation with a mandibular implant-retained fixed prosthesis and a maxillary implant-retained detachable prosthesis.
Eosinophils and type 2 cytokine signaling in macrophages orchestrate development of functional beige fat

Beige fat, which expresses the thermogenic protein UCP1, provides a defense against cold and obesity. Although a cold environment is the physiologic stimulus for inducing beige fat in mice and humans, the events that lead from the sensing of cold to the development of beige fat remain poorly understood. Here, we identify the efferent beige fat thermogenic circuit, consisting of eosinophils, type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4/13, and alternatively activated macrophages. Genetic loss of eosinophils or IL-4/13 signaling impairs cold-induced biogenesis of beige fat. Mechanistically, macrophages recruited to cold-stressed subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) undergo alternative activation to induce tyrosine hydroxylase expression and catecholamine production, factors required for browning of scWAT. Conversely, administration of IL-4 to thermoneutral mice increases beige fat mass and thermogenic capacity to ameliorate pre-established obesity. Together, our findings have uncovered the efferent circuit controlling biogenesis of beige fat and provide support for its targeting to treat obesity.
Statistical Analysis of Cocaine Head-Space Vapors

Forensic Laboratories performed qualitative analyses on the vapors above (head-space) seized cocaine samples during the period of 1986 - 1991. Thirty-two solvents were targets of the chemical head-space analyses. The results of the chemical analyses were statistically analyzed. The statistical analysis revealed trends in chemicals solvents being used or substituted for previously used solvents. This is critical to targeting the right chemicals for diversion control. In the 1991 head-space analyses, five chemical solvents could have been used as screening targets for cocaine contraband. The analysis showed strong trends in chemicals found. Routine statistical analysis of the head-space data will be needed to update the list of target screening chemicals.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
cDNA cloning and chromosomal localization of the human α-adrenergic receptor kinase

The β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK) mediates agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the β2-adrenergic and related G protein-coupled receptors. A cDNA encoding bovine βARK has recently been isolated. In this work we have isolated a cDNA encoding human βARK from a retinal cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a protein of 689 amino acids with an overall 98.0% amino acid and 92.5% nucleotide identity with bovine βARK. Chromosomal location of the human βARK gene was determined by correlating the presence of the βARK locus with retention of a specific human chromosome in a rodent-human hybrid panel. This analysis revealed that the human βARK locus segregated with the long arm of chromosome 11, centromeric to 11q13.
Proton therapy for pediatric cranial tumors: Preliminary report on treatment and disease-related morbidities

Purpose: Accelerated protons were used in an attempt to limit treatment-related morbidity in children with tumors in or near the developing brain, by reducing the integral dose to adjacent normal tissues. Methods and Materials: Children treated with protons at Loma Linda University Medical Center between August 1991 and December 1994 were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-eight children, aged 1 to 18 years, were identified as at risk for brain injury from treatment. Medical records, physical examinations, and correspondence with patients, their parents, and referring physicians were analyzed. The investigators tabulated post-treatment changes in pre-treatment signs and symptoms and made judgments as to whether improvement, no change, or worsening related to disease or treatment had supervened. Magnetic resonance images were correlated with clinical findings and radiographic impressions were tabulated. Results: Follow-up ranged from 7 to 49 months (median 25 months). Four instances of treatment-related morbidity were identified. Forty-one instances of site-specific, disease-related morbidity were identified: 15 improved or resolved and 26 remained unchanged after treatment. Four patients had radiographic evidence of local failure. Three of these patients, including two with high-grade glioma, have died. Conclusion: Early treatment-related morbidity associated with proton therapy is low. Tumor progression remains a problem when treating certain histologies such as high-grade glioma. Escalating the dose delivered to target volumes may benefit children with tumors associated with poor rates of local control. Long-term follow-up, including neurocognitive testing, is in progress to assess integral-dose effects on cognitive, behavioral and developmental outcomes in children with cranial tumors.
Spatial and temporal aspects of alcohol-related crime in a college town.

Objective: The authors aimed to clarify crime "movement" through the city of Madison to focus efforts to address consequences of student drinking. The authors examined all crime reported by police during the 2003 year. Methods: Using geographical information system (GIS) mapping and 2003 crime data from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the city of Madison, the authors investigated the relationships among high-density alcohol outlets and various city neighborhoods. Results: Different categories of crime showed different temporal and spatial patterns: Serious crimes peaked between 2 and 3AM, coinciding with bar closing time. Less serious crimes peaked between 11PM and midnight. Reports of vandalism peaked in the morning and afternoon. "Hotspots" for different crimes moved throughout the downtown. Results were consistent with problems associated with high-risk student drinking in college communities. Conclusion: These results and maps generated by GIS led directly to changes made by city and universit...
Single-molecule observation of protein adsorption onto an inorganic surface.

Understanding the interactions between silicon-based materials and proteins from the bloodstream is of key importance in a myriad of realms, such as the design of nanofluidic devices and functional biomaterials, biosensors, and biomedical molecular diagnosis. By using nanopores fabricated in 20 nm-thin silicon nitride membranes and highly sensitive electrical recordings, we show single-molecule observation of nonspecific protein adsorption onto an inorganic surface. A transmembrane potential was applied across a single nanopore-containing membrane immersed into an electrolyte-filled chamber. Through the current fluctuations measured across the nanopore, we detected long-lived captures of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a major multifunctional protein present in the circulatory system. Based upon single-molecule electrical signatures observed in this work, we judge that the bindings of BSA to the nitride surface occurred in two distinct orientations. With some adaptation and further experimentation, this appro...
149 Lentiviral Gene Therapy with the Gene for PDGF-B Improves Diabetic Wound Healing in an Animal Model

Diabetic wounds are characterized by disruption of the normal wound repair responses, particularly at the inflammatory and proliferative stages. Inadequate levels of growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), play a significant role in the impaired healing of these wounds. PDGF is a potent mitogen and chemotactic agent, and is released from platelet alpha-granules during the acute inflammatory phase of wound healing. It has been shown to promote the deposition of collagen and granulation tissue, and improves healing in diabetic animals. Although previous studies have shown some success with topically applied PDGF, results in clinical practice have been moderate. In this study, we investigated whether gene therapy with lentiviral vectors carrying the gene for PDGF can improve wound healing in an animal model. Full thickness 2 cm × 2 cm dermal wounds were created on the dorsae of genetically diabetic db/db mice. Lentiviral vectors containing the human PDGF-beta gene (lenti-PDGF) were injected into the wound margins and along the wound base. Control experiments were performed using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) injections. Mice were sacrificed after 21 days, and wound tissues were harvested for histological analyses. Lenti-PDGF-treated animals demonstrated significantly smaller residual epithelial gaps compared to PBS controls (0.77 +/− 0.07 cm vs. 1.22 +/− 0.30 cm; P < 0.001), as well as a greater degree of wound closure (85 +/− 3% vs. 57 +/− 22%; P < 0.05). Lentiviral gene therapy with PDGF is effective in promoting wound healing in genetically diabetic animals, and warrants further investigation. Supported by a grant from the American Diabetes Association
A MODEL OF HIGH AFFINITY GLUTAMIC ACID TRANSPORT BY RAT CORTICAL SYNAPTOSOMES–A REFINEMENT OF THE ORIGINALLY PROPOSED MODEL

– In a previous publication (Wheeler & Hollingsworth, 1978), a model was presented which accounted for the role of sodium in the high affinity transport of glutamic acid in rat brain synaptosomes. Subsequent studies confirmed a lack of fit of the model to the data at the higher sodium and glutamate concentrations. The model has therefore been reexamined and refined. By removing some of the restrictions placed on the original model, a model emerges which fits the data at all sodium and glutamate concentrations with an average per cent error of only 2.14% per experimental data point. The kinetic constants describing uptake have been redefined and recalculated in accordance with this revised model.
Accurate measurement of the work function of electron-hole drops in germanium

Abstract The work function of electron-hole drops in Ge relative to free excitons is measured by an extremely simple and accurate technique. The threshold excitation power for drop condensation is determined as a function of temperature by observation of the sharp increase in shot noise associated with the drops in a collector junction. The resulting value of the work function is φ = 17.2 ± 1.0 K.
Evidence from two genetic syndromes for a dissociation between verbal and visual-spatial short-term memory

Abstract Williams and Down syndromes, two genetic syndromes of abnormal neurodevelopment, are characterized by specific neuropsychological profiles and unique patterns of brain morphology. We find that the superior language ability of subjects with Williams syndrome is accompanied by significantly better performance on a verbal short-term memory task. Conversely, subjects with Down syndrome perform significantly better on a visual-spatial short-term memory task. This double dissociation provides neurogenetic evidence for the distinction between short-term storage for verbal and for visual-spatial stimuli.
Blunt and penetrating neck injuries

Trauma to the neck area can produce serious damage without initial signs or symptoms. Initially, respiratory and circulatory function must be evaluated to insure patient's airway, control bleeding and replace fluid. If a diagnosis of spinal injury is possible, restrict neck motion. Whenever possible, a wound is completely examined in the Emergency Department, always considering concomitant chest injury. Perform anteroposterior and lateral cervical radiographs when significant injury to the neck is sustained. Pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy are indicated when injury to esophagus or to a bronchus is likely. Because of the unpredictable course of penetrating neck wounds, explore all wounds unless compelling contraindications exist.
Kinetostatic Design-Refinement of Articulated Knee Braces

Knee bracing has been used to realize a variety of functional outcomes in both sport and rehabilitation application. Much of the literature focuses on the effect of knee misalignment, force reduction and superiority of custom braces over commercial over-the-counter braces. Efforts on developing exoskeletons to serve as knee augmentation systems emphasize actuation of joints, which then adds to bulkiness of ensuing designs. In lieu of this, we would like to employ a semi-active augmentation approach (by addition of springs and dampers). Such an approach serves to redirect power (motions and forces) to achieve the desired functional outcomes from the knee braces. However, the suitable selection of geometric dimensions of the brace and spring parameters to achieve desired motion- and force-profiles at the knee remains a challenge. We therefore introduce a two-stage kinetostatic design process to help customize the brace to match a desired kinematic/static performance.
Can a patent extracranial-intracranial bypass provoke the conversion of an intracranial arterial stenosis to a symptomatic occlusion?

Although extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) artery anastomosis seems to result in symptomatic improvement in certain types of cerebrovascular ischemic disease, this procedure can also be associated with significant morbidity, some of which paradoxically may be the direct result of a patent bypass. A review of the last 51/2 years at the Oregon Health Sciences University shows that 50 patients underwent 51 superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass procedures with an angiographic patency rate of 91%. Of the 50 patients, 17 had intracranial stenotic lesions of either the middle cerebral artery (7 patients) or the internal carotid artery (10 patients). One patient had posterior cerebral artery stenosis. Five of the 18 patients with stenosis and a patent bypass developed a symptomatic occlusion of the stenotic lesion within 30 days after the anastomosis. It is hypothesized that the EC-IC bypass may have contributed to the occlusion in some of these patients by causing a change in the hemodynamic state. Possibly the bypass reversed the direction of flow distal to the stenosis to result in stasis and subsequent occlusion at the site of the stenosis or in some other manner affected hemostasis (i.e., the coagulation cascade).
In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) hydrogels.

The in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) [P(PF-co-EG)] hydrogels were assessed in order to investigate the influence of poly(ethylene glycol) molecular weight and copolymer composition. These materials have application as injectable cardiovascular implants; cytotoxicity due to leachable products, as well as inflammation caused by the biomaterial itself, may ultimately affect the biocompatibility of the implant. We utilized a 7-day in vitro cytotoxicity assay to quantify cell density and cellular proliferation in the presence of copolymer films. The copolymer films exhibited slight to moderate cytotoxicity toward cultured endothelial cells, showing 20–86% viability relative to controls. Cell viability increased with an increasing weight percent of PEG or, to a lesser extent, the molecular weight of PEG. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed using a cage implantation model over a 21-day time period. This system was used to characterize the local cellular and humoral inflammatory response in the surrounding exudate, as well as the size and density of macrophages adherent to the material itself. All copolymer formulations exhibited excellent biocompatibility relative to controls with no significant differences in total leukocyte count among the different formulations. The in vivo inflammatory reaction displayed normal wound healing over 21 days as shown by a progressive decrease in both leukocyte concentration and enzymatic activity. The surface coverage of the copolymer films remained relatively constant from 7 to 21 days. There were no cells larger than 0.003 mm2, which was previously shown to be the threshold value for foreign-body giant cells. These data suggest that P(PF-co-EG) hydrogels have potential for use as injectable biomaterials.© 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 46, 22–32, 1999.
Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy secondary to retroperitoneal sarcoma: A case report

Glomerulopathy is a rare form of paraneoplastic disease. We present the second reported case of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy due to a retroperitoneal sarcoma. The patient presented with generalized edema and nephrotic syndrome. CT scan showed two large retroperitoneal masses. One large retroperitoneal mass was resected. Post-operatively, she developed kidney failure and biopsy showed minimal change disease. With steroid therapy, patient's symptoms went into remission. We hypothesize that minimal change paraneoplastic glomerulopathy developed due to damage from cytokines released from a T-cell mediated response to the malignancy.
Electrical activity increases growth cone calcium but fails to inhibit neurite outgrowth from rat sympathetic neurons

Previous studies have shown that the growth of axons from both mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and Helisoma neurons is arrested when the cells are electrically stimulated (Cohan and Kater, 1986; Fields et al., 1990a). Furthermore, in the case of Helisoma neurons, this arrest has been attributed to a rise in the calcium concentration in the growth cones (Cohan et al., 1987). To test the generality of these results, we examined the response of cultured rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons to electrical stimulation and changes in cytoplasmic calcium. Suprathreshold electrical stimulation of SCG neurons at 10 Hz by extracellular patch electrodes for periods of up to 1 hr had no measurable effect on their rate of growth. In agreement with previous studies, electrical stimulation was accompanied by a rise in the internal calcium concentration: when measured by the fluorescence of fura-2, growth cone calcium levels rose from about 100 nM to greater than 500 nM and then settled to a plateau value of about 350 nM. Despite this increase, however, growth of SCG neurons' processes continued. Our results show that electrical activity is not a universal signal for neurons to stop growing and that a rise in internal calcium does not always arrest the migration of growth cones.
Designing routines: On the folly of designing artifacts, while hoping for patterns of action

Using the example of a failed software implementation, we discuss the role of artifacts in shaping organizational routines. We argue that artifact-centered assumptions about design are not well suited to designing organizational routines, which are generative systems that produce recognizable, repetitive patterns of interdependent actions, carried out by multiple actors. Artifact-centered assumptions about design not only reinforce a widespread misunderstanding of routines as things, they implicitly embody a rather strong form of technological determinism. As an alternative perspective, we discuss the use of narrative networks as a way to conceptualize the role of human and non-human actants, and to represent the variable patterns of action that are characteristic of ''live'' routines. Using this perspective, we conclude with some suggestions on how to design organizational routines that are more consistent with their nature as generative systems.
Cytoskeletal Mechanics in Pressure-Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy

We have shown that the cellular contractile dysfunction characteristic of pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy results not from an abnormality intrinsic to the myofilament portion of the cardiocyte cytoskeleton but rather from an increased density of the microtubule component of the extramyofilament portion of the cardiocyte cytoskeleton. To determine how, in physical terms, this increased microtubule density mechanically overloads the contractile apparatus at the cellular level, we measured cytoskeletal stiffness and apparent viscosity in isolated cardiocytes via magnetic twisting cytometry, a technique by which magnetically induced force is applied directly to the cytoskeleton through integrin-coupled ferromagnetic beads coated with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide. Measurements were made in two groups of cardiocytes from cats with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy induced by pulmonary artery banding: (1) those from the pressure-overloaded RV and (2) those from the normally loaded same-animal control left ventricle (LV). Cytoskeletal stiffness increased almost twofold, from 8.53 +/- 0.77 dyne/cm2 in the normally loaded LV cardiocytes to 16.46 +/- 1.32 dyne/cm2 in the hypertrophied RV cardiocytes. Cytoskeletal apparent viscosity increased almost fourfold, from 20.97 +/- 1.92 poise in the normally loaded LV cardiocytes to 87.85 +/- 6.95 poise in the hypertrophied RV cardiocytes. In addition to these baseline data showing differing stiffness and, especially, apparent viscosity in the two groups of cardiocytes, microtubule depolymerization by colchicine was found to return both the stiffness and the apparent viscosity of the pressure overload-hypertrophied RV cells fully to normal. Conversely, microtubule hyperpolymerization by taxol increased the stiffness and apparent viscosity values of normally loaded LV cardiocytes to the abnormal values given above for pressure-hypertrophied RV cardiocytes. Thus, increased microtubule density constitutes primarily a viscous load on the cardiocyte contractile apparatus in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.
Age and Origin of the Oliverian Domes, Central-Western New Hampshire

New information on the origin of mantled gneiss domes comes from a study of the Oliverian Domes in western New Hampshire. Fieldwork indicates that the core of the Mascoma Dome (a representative Oliverian Dome) can be subdivided into two major units: (1) massive gneiss (stratified core-rock) of intermediate igneous composition lying stratigraphically beneath the Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics, and (2) a sub-central pluton of granite and quartz monzonite (unstratified core-rock) which crosscuts the massive gneiss and probably the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, but which lies unconformably beneath the Late Lower Silurian Clough Formation. Within limits imposed by analytical uncertainty and the metamorphic disturbance of the rocks, an Rb-Sr age of 440 ± 40 million years (initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 = 0.706 ± 0.002) is determined for whole-rock samples of the granitic sub-core of the Mascoma Dome, and for whole-rock samples of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics. Zircon separates from both the gneissic and granitic units within the core of the Mascoma Dome yield Pb 207 /Pb 206 ages of 450 ± 25 million years. The data indicate that the dome formed in the following stages: (1) Ordovician volcanism followed by intrusion of granitic rocks, (2) uplift and local unroofing followed “by deposition of Lower Silurian through Lower Devonian strata, and (3) garnet- to staurolite-grade post-Lower Devonian metamorphism and deformation. The crosscutting relationships were established by Ordovician plutonic activity and not by post-Lower Devonian plutonic activity or anatexis. The core-rock of the dome appears to be the result of volcanic and intrusive activity towards the end of the Ordovician, and not the result of in-place remobilization or anatexis of Precambrian basement subsequent to deposition of the mantling strata. The other Oliverian Domes, particularly those in New Hampshire, resemble the Mascoma Dome, and probably originated in much the same manner.
Minimized Models for Unsupervised Part-of-Speech Tagging

We describe a novel method for the task of unsupervised POS tagging with a dictionary, one that uses integer programming to explicitly search for the smallest model that explains the data, and then uses EM to set parameter values. We evaluate our method on a standard test corpus using different standard tagsets (a 45-tagset as well as a smaller 17-tagset), and show that our approach performs better than existing state-of-the-art systems in both settings.
Job strain and changes in the body mass index among working women: a prospective study.

The relationship between job strain and weight gain has been unclear, especially for women. Using data from over 52 000 working women, we compare the association between change in job strain and change in body mass index (BMI) across different levels of baseline BMI. We used data from participants in the Nurses’ Health Study II (n=52 656, mean age=38.4 years), an ongoing prospective cohort study. Using linear regression, we modeled the change in BMI over 4 years as a function of the change in job strain, baseline BMI and the interaction between the two. Change in job strain was characterized in four categories combining baseline and follow-up levels as follows: consistently low strain (low at both points), decreased strain (high strain at baseline only), increased strain (high strain at follow-up only) and consistently high strain (high at both points). Age, race/ethnicity, pregnancy history, job types and health behaviors at baseline were controlled for in the model. In adjusted models, women who reported high job strain at least once during the 4-year period had a greater increase in BMI (ΔBMI=0.06–0.12, P<0.05) compared with those who never reported high job strain. The association between the change in job strain exposure and the change in BMI depended on the baseline BMI level (P=0.015 for the interaction): the greater the baseline BMI, the greater the BMI gain associated with consistently high job strain. The BMI gain associated with increased or decreased job strain was uniform across the range of baseline BMI. Women with higher BMI may be more vulnerable to BMI gain when exposed to constant work stress. Future research focusing on mediating mechanisms between job strain and BMI change should explore the possibility of differential responses to job strain by initial BMI.
Beliefs about Males

This paper reviews the empirical literature on people's beliefs about males, particularly how the “typical male” is described on paper-and-pencil adjective-list studies. A threefold categorization is suggested of the traits that seem to be mentioned most often as characteristic of the typical male: (a) how a man handles his life (active and achievement-oriented), (b) how a man handles others (dominant), and (c) how a man handles his psyche (level-headed). In addition, several methodological and interpretational problems are described. On the basis of these problems and of findings from studies that examine beliefs about males in different ways, it is suggested that highly stereotypic beliefs about males may be less pervasive than usually thought.
High speed adaptive fuzzy control with quantized errors

A quantized error adaptive fuzzy control scheme is presented for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. A quantized error adaptive scheme may be used to improve the update algorithm execution time by reducing the number of required multiplications. It is proven that on average the tracking error will be confined to an /spl epsiv/-neighborhood of zero whose size is dependent upon the quantization function.
Hyperhexosemia-Induced Retinal Vascular Pathology in a Novel Primate Model of Diabetic Retinopathy

The paucity of animal models exhibiting full pathology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has impeded understanding of the pathogenesis of DR and the development of therapeutic interventions. Here, we investigated whether hyperhexosemic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) develop characteristic retinal vascular lesions including macular edema (ME), a leading cause of vision loss in DR. Marmosets maintained on 30% galactose (gal)-rich diet for 2 years were monitored for retinal vascular permeability, development of ME, and morphological characteristics including acellular capillaries (AC) and pericyte loss (PL), vessel tortuosity, and capillary basement membrane (BM) thickness. Excess vascular permeability, increased number of AC and PL, vascular BM thickening, and increased vessel tortuosity were observed in the retinas of gal-fed marmosets. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images revealed significant thickening of the retinal foveal and the juxtafoveal area, and histological analysis showed incipient microaneurysms in retinas of gal-fed marmosets. Findings from this study indicate that hyperhexosemia can trigger retinal vascular changes similar to those seen in human DR including ME and microaneurysms. The striking similarities between the marmoset retina and the human retina, and the exceptionally small size of the monkey, offer significant advantages to this primate model of DR.
Verbal Predicate Fronting in Modern Hebrew and Yiddish

This article discusses the development of verbal predicate fronting (“predicate cleft”) in Modern Hebrew by comparing its properties with those of analogous constructions in Classical Hebrew and Yiddish, a critical contact language. The evidence, largely syntactic, lends support for contact-induced change as a plausible source of verbal predicate fronting in the contemporary spoken variety.
Sensitive analysis of ethanolamine- and serine-containing phosphoglycerides by high-performance liquid chromatography

A highly sensitive method for the separation and quantitative measurement of phospholipids containing primary amino groups, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, is described. The method involves a simple and quantitative derivative formation of the phospholipids containing amino groups to their u.v.-absorbing biphenylcarbonyl derivatives. These have molar extinction coefficients of about 23,000 at 268nm. The phospholipid derivatives are then separated and non-destructively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino phospholipids containing vinyl ether bonds (plasmalogens) can be determined separately from the diacyl- and alkylacyl-amino phospholipids. The lower limit of detection by high-performance liquid-chromatographic analysis of the phospholipid derivatives is about 10-13pmol or 0.3-0.4ng of phospholipid P. The quantitative range of derivative formation and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of the phospholipids containing amino groups was shown to be 10-500nmol. The method was shown to be applicable to the analysis of phospholipids containing amino groups in tissue samples.
NANQIAO LANDSLIDE STABILITY AND COUNTERMEASURES IN ZHOUQU

Located in the south bank of Bailongjiang River,ZhouQu County,Nanqiao landslide is classified into a drawing-medium-stained-along the layer type.This paper analyzed the stability of landslide from the parameter values determined by the inversion,test and engineering analogy,then put forward the proposed methods of prevention and control.
Abstract A17: Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 signals through antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 to regulate redox homeostasis and tumor growth

How mitochondrial glutaminolysis contributes to redox homeostasis in cancer cells remains unclear. Here we report that the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GDH1), commonly upregulated in human cancers, is predominantly important for redox homeostasis in cancer cells by controlling the intracellular levels of its product alpha-ketoglutarate (a-KG) and subsequent metabolite fumarate. Mechanistically, fumarate binds to and activates a ROS scavenging enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) to regulate redox homeostasis, which provides a proliferative advantage to cancer cells and tumor growth. Our findings not only provide novel insights into understanding of the role of glutaminolysis in redox homeostasis but also suggest a novel signaling function of fumarate that regulates GPx1, allowing additional crosstalk between glutaminolysis, TCA cycle and redox status. Targeting GDH1 by shRNA or a newly identified small molecule inhibitor R162 resulted in imbalanced redox homeostasis, leading to attenuated cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Thus, our findings provide proof-of-principle suggesting GDH1 as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of human cancers associated with elevated glutamine metabolism. Citation Format: Lingtao Jin, Dan Li, Gina Alesi, Jun Fan, Hee-Bum Kang, Lu Zhou, Titus Boggon, Peng Jin, Robert Egnatchik, Ralph DeBerardinis, Kelly Magliocca, Chuan He, Martha Arellano, Hanna Khoury, Dong Shin, Fadlo Khuri, Sumin Kang. Glutamate dehydrogenase 1 signals through antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1 to regulate redox homeostasis and tumor growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Ovarian steroids modulate human monocyte tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured human peripheral monocytes.

Objective To determine whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in human peripheral monocytes are regulated by ovarian steroids. Design Human granulosa-luteal cells and cultured, activated human peripheral monocytes were subjected to Northern blot analysis for TNF- α mRNA. Setting Academic research laboratory. Patients Two human female volunteers of reproductive age and in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Results Human granulosa-luteal cells produce TNF- α mRNA. Physiological levels of progesterone (P) and estradiol (E 2 ) modulate TNF- α mRNA from peripheral blood monocytes with an apparent inverse relationship between steroid concentration and TNF- α message. Conclusions Progesterone and E 2 at physiological concentrations regulate TNF- α mRNA production. The P antagonist mifepristone (RU486) and the E 2 agonist/antagonist tamoxifen modulate total TNF- α mRNA levels, suggesting involvement of specific receptors.
Numerical Electromagnetics: The FDTD grid and the Yee algorithm

After a brief exposure to different finite difference algorithms and methods, we now focus our attention on the so-called FDTD algorithm, or alternatively the Yee algorithm [1], for time domain solutions of Maxwell's equations. In this algorithm, the continuous derivatives in space and time are approximated by second-order accurate, two-point centered difference forms; a staggered spatial mesh is used for interleaved placement of the electric and magnetic fields; and leapfrog integration in time is used to update the fields. This yields an algorithm very similar to the interleaved leapfrog described in Section 3.5. The cell locations are defined so that the grid lines pass through the electric field components and coincide with their vector directions, as shown in Figure 4.1. As a practical note, the choice here of the electric field rather than the magnetic field is somewhat arbitrary. However, in practice, boundary conditions imposed on the electric field are more commonly encountered than those for the magnetic field, so that placing the mesh boundaries so that they pass through the electric field vectors is more advantageous. We will have more to say about the locations of field components later in this chapter. Note that the Yee cell depicted in [2, Fig. 3.1] has the cell boundaries to be aligned with the magnetic field components, rather than with the electric field components as in Figure 4.1.
Performance of prototype high-flow inhalable dust sampler in a livestock production facility.

ABSTRACTA high-flow inhalable sampler, designed for operational flow rates up to 10 L/min using computer simulations and examined in wind tunnel experiments, was evaluated in the field. This prototype sampler was deployed in collocation with an IOM (the benchmark standard sampler) in a swine farrowing building to examine the sampling performance for assessing concentrations of inhalable particulate mass and endotoxin. Paired samplers were deployed for 24 hr on 19 days over a 3-month period. On each sampling day, the paired samplers were deployed at three fixed locations and data were analyzed to identify agreement and to examine systematic biases between concentrations measured by these samplers. Thirty-six paired gravimetric samples were analyzed; insignificant, unsubstantial differences between concentrations were identified between the two samplers (p = 0.16; mean difference 0.03 mg/m3). Forty-four paired samples were available for endotoxin analysis, and a significant (p = 0.001) difference in endotox...
Information Diffusion in Heterogeneous Groups

Standard approaches to the study of information diffusion draw on analogies to the transmission of diseases or computer viruses, and find that adding more random ties to a network increases the speed of information propagation through it. However, a person sharing information in a social network differs from a computer transmitting a virus in two important respects: a person may not have the opportunity to pass the information to every tie, and may be unwilling to pass the information to certain ties even when presented with the opportunity. Accounting for these two features reveals that, while additional random ties allow information to jump to distant regions of a network, they also change the composition of network neighborhoods. When the latter increases the proportion of neighbors to whom people are less willing to pass information, the result can be a net decrease in diffusion. I show that this is the case in heterogeneous, homophilous networks: the addition of random ties strictly impedes information dissemination, and the impediment is increasing in both original homophily and the number of new ties.
Prospects of differential optical receiver with ambient light compensation in vehicular visible light communication

Since the number of vehicles has been increasing and adding more complexity to the transportation infrastructure every day, safety and efficiency in transportation system are of utmost importance. Effective communication between vehicles and with traffic infrastructures (e.g. traffic signs, traffic lights, etc.) play a key role to ensure a safe and secure traffic system. Visible Light Communication being a very promising technology, can be an ideal solution to address the challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. A fundamental challenge in this regard is the design of a proper sensor to minimize the interference of the ambient light in daytime. Optical filters can be used to minimize the problem, but additional techniques are required to further optimization. In this paper, we discuss the prospect of using a differential optical receiver in vehicular VLC communication, which can cancel ambient light and other atmospheric noises.
Development of Advanced Spacecraft Thermal Subsystems

This presentation discusses ground based proof of concept hardware under development at NASA GSFC to address high heat flux thermal management in silicon substrates and embedded thermal management systems. The goal is to develop proof of concept hardware for space flight validation. The space flight hardware will provide gravity insensitive thermal management for electronics applications such as transmit/receive modules that are severely limited by thermal concerns.
Optical trapping of metallic nanoparticles using microbubbles

In our previous work, the induced force on a microbubble due to a focused laser beam has been studied by deriving a general optical force model. It has also been shown that the microbubble, without and with agglomerated metallic nanoparticles, can be steered using a low power laser beam. An equivalent optical force for a microbubble surrounded by nanoparticles has been also calculated and presented in our previous work. While only optical forces acting on the microbubbles and nanoparticles have so far been considered, in this work the effect of surface tension force is considered and calculated using the temperature gradient generated by the focused trapping laser beam and compared with optical forces. Experiments are performed to observe the behavior of the microbubbles in the vicinity of a focused laser beam for five different wavelengths.
Synthetic aperture radar image processing techniques for damage detection of FRP-concrete systems

Electromagnetic imaging enables researchers and engineers to assess the surface and subsurface condition of concrete structures using radar and microwave sensors. Among existing radar imaging methods, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging offers flexible resolution for various purposes in condition assessment. In this paper, two novel SAR image processing techniques are reported for the subsurface condition assessment of FRP(fiber reinforced polymer)-strengthened concrete systems; mathematical morphology (MM) and the K-R-I transform. Glass FRP (GFRP) and carbon CFRP (CFRP) strengthened concrete cylinders are used as examples. From our experimental results, it is found that both techniques are capable of quantifying SAR images for condition assessment. It is also found that Euler’s number and the coefficient of correlation of K-R-I curves of SAR images can be used for monitoring subsurface changes in FRP-concrete systems.