cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ataxin-3 Is a Histone-binding Protein with Two Independent Transcriptional Corepressor Activities

The mechanisms of pathology for the family of polyglutamine disease proteins are unknown; however, recently it was shown that several of these proteins inhibit transcription suggesting that transcriptional repression may be a potential mechanism for pathology. In the present study we use cell transfections, in vitro binding, co-immunoprecipitations, and reporter assays to show that the polyglutamine disease protein, ataxin-3, interacts with the major histone acetyltransferases cAMP-response-element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein, p300, and p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor and inhibits transcription by these coactivators. Importantly, endogenous ataxin-3 is co-immunoprecipitated with each of these coactivators in non-transfected cells. The C-terminal polyglutamine-containing domain of ataxin-3 inhibits coactivator-dependent transcription and is required for binding coactivators. The N-terminal domain of ataxin-3 inhibits histone acetylation by p300 in vitro and inhibits transcription in vivo. Histone binding and blocking access of coactivators to acetylation sites on histones appears to be the mechanism of inhibition. Together, our data provide a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation by ataxin-3 that involves targeting histones, coactivators, and an independent mode of direct repression of transcription, and suggests that its physiological function and possibly pathological effects are linked to its interactions with these proteins.
Evaluation of emitter profiles and lateral uniformity on crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells using scanning capacitance microscopy

Scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) has been used to generate two dimensional images of emitters formed using various doping techniques on polished and textured silicon photovoltaic cells. SCM has the advantage of high spatial resolution and sensitivity to carrier concentrations in the range of 1014 – 1020 cm−3. The ability to image emitters on textured substrates allows evaluation of variations in emitter thickness in local regions due to the surface texture or doping technique as well as other processing steps such as metallization.
Combinatorial development of bulk metallic glasses

For metallic glasses composed of three or more elements, optimizing their composition to satisfy a combination of properties is a formidable task. Now, a high-throughput strategy that can simultaneously fabricate thousands of alloy compositions and characterize them for thermoplastic formability through parallel blow forming makes possible the identification of the alloy composition with the highest thermoplastic formability.
Pharmacists' and patients' roles in the pharmacist-patient relationship: Are pharmacists and patients reading from the same relationship script?

Abstract Background Pharmacists' professional roles have maturated to include provision of information, education, and pharmaceutical care services. These changes have resulted in a focus on collaborative pharmacist-patient professional relationships, in which pharmacists and patients both have roles and responsibilities. Objective The study purpose was to investigate pharmacists' and patients' views of selected pharmacist and patient roles in the pharmacist-patient professional relationship, using principles of role theory. Pharmacist and patient role dimensions studied included (1) "information sharing,"(2) "responsible behavior," and (3) "interpersonal communication." "Creating a patient-centered relationship" and "active communication related to health care" were additional pharmacist and patient role dimensions studied, respectively. Methods Data were collected via mailed questionnaires from national random samples of 500 patients aged 18 years and older and 500 pharmacists. Internal consistency reliability was estimated for pharmacist and patient role dimensions using Cronbach's coefficient alpha and bivariate correlation analysis. Student's t test was used to compare pharmacists' and patients' views of role dimensions (alpha level of significance=.05). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the pharmacist and patient samples. Results The adjusted response rates for the pharmacist and patient groups were 34.9% (173/496) and 40.8% (196/480), respectively. Pharmacist and patient role dimensions exhibited adequate reliability coefficients. Results showed that pharmacists and patients have similar views regarding pharmacists' "information sharing" roles in the relationship, but for the most part, patients agree less about pharmacists' "responsible behavior," "creating a patient-centered relationship," and "interpersonal communication" roles. Regarding patient roles in the relationship, pharmacists and patients have different views about patients' "information sharing," "responsible behavior," "interpersonal communication," and "active communication related to health care" roles. Results suggest that pharmacists more strongly agree that these are patient roles in the relationship than patients do. Conclusions If pharmacists and patients agree on relationship roles, the functionality and outcomes of this relationship will be optimized. Future research is needed to monitor trends in pharmacists' and patients' views of their relationship roles and to develop strategies as needed to ensure that pharmacists and patients are following the same relationship script.
Design and Simulation for Key Components of Robotic Flower-Seedling Transplanter

In order to improve the mechanical transplanting for flower seedling, a new robotic transplanter was introduced. The design of two key parts, grasper and transit unit, was emphasized. The grasper driven by a ring-shaped spring, was used to pick the seedling at its root from the tray-hole, and the elastic holding-pressure was easily adjustable, and advantageous to prevent rigid hurt on seedling root. The module of toothed belt and guide rail was applied in the transit unit to carry and locate the graspers, and the module is appropriate to the transplanting operation of less vibration and higher efficiency. Finally, the performance of driving elements for grasper and transit unit was verified, according to the simulated result on the virtual prototype based on ADAMS.
Class-switch recombination: interplay of transcription, DNA deamination and DNA repair

Class-switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin heavy chains is the genetic process by which a B cell switches from the production of IgM to the production of IgG, IgE or IgA. Although the general characteristics of CSR have been known for some time, the detailed molecular mechanism of this process is only now emerging. CSR is unique, in that it seems to involve transcription-generated, higher-order RNA–DNA structures, specific DNA deamination and several DNA-repair pathways. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the mechanism of CSR and highlight the important unanswered questions.
How well do different measurement modalities estimate the number of vasomotor symptoms? Findings from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation FLASHES Study.

OBJECTIVE Studies of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) typically measure VMS via daily diaries completed at the end of the day. VMS can also be measured via diaries completed throughout the day or via physiological monitors-modalities with lower recall demands. We examined the degree of correspondence between three VMS measurement modalities: retrospective end-of-day/morning diaries, prospective reporting, and physiological monitoring. We determined whether discrepancies between measurement modalities varied by participant characteristics. METHODS Twenty-five African-American women and 27 white women from the Pittsburgh site of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who were experiencing VMS, had intact uterus and ovaries, and were free of medications affecting VMS underwent 4 days of ambulatory VMS and Actiwatch monitoring. VMS were recalled in end-of-day and morning diaries, reported prospectively during the day, and measured physiologically via a hot flash monitor. Associations between anxiety, sleep, or race/ethnicity and VMS measurement modality difference scores were examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Women underestimated the number of daytime VMS at the end of the day as compared with VMS that were prospectively reported or physiologically measured throughout the day. This pattern was particularly pronounced among African-American women (b [SE] = -3.01 [0.93], P = 0.001) and women with higher anxiety (b [SE] = -3.13 [1.53], P = 0.04). For nighttime VMS, women overestimated the number of VMS in the morning upon waking as compared with prospective measures, particularly if they had poorer sleep (higher wakening after sleep onset: b [SE] = 0.03 [0.008], P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Different measurement modalities yield different VMS estimates. Negative affect, sleep, and race/ethnicity may affect the recall of VMS.
Remodeling the model organism: Matrix metalloproteinase functions in invertebrates

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of extracellular proteases is conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Studies of invertebrate MMPs have demonstrated they are involved in tissue remodeling. In Drosophila, MMPs are required for histolysis, tracheal growth, tissue invasion, axon guidance, and dendritic remodeling. Recent work demonstrates that MMPs also participate in Drosophila tumor invasion. In Caenorhabditis elegans an MMP is involved in anchor cell invasion; a Hydra MMP is important for regeneration and maintaining cell identity; and a sea urchin MMP degrades matrix to allow hatching. In worms and in flies, MMPs are regulated by the JNK pathway.
Excited-core model of odd-A nuclei and the Cu63 (p,p') reactions

To test the predictions of the excited-core model of oddA nuclei, measurements were made of the inelastic scattering of 11-Mev protons from Cu/sup 63/ and Ni/sup 62/. The 11-Mev proton beam of the ORNL tandem Van de Graaff was scattered from 1 mg/cm/sup 2/ enriched targets of Cu/sup 63/ and Ni/sup 62/. The results were in good agreement with predictions. (C.E.S.)
Adenocarcinoma of kidney in a child. Tumor rupture following trauma.

Abstract A ten-year-old white girl with Stage I clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney was seen after local trauma had produced a renal laceration with rupture of the tumor. She was treated with nephrectomy followed by a second exploration several months later. No adjunctive therapy was used.
Organic resource quality influences short-term aggregate dynamics and soil organic carbon and nitrogen accumulation

Abstract Organic C inputs and their rate of stabilization influence C sequestration and nutrient cycling in soils. This study was undertaken to explore the influence of the combined application of different quality organic resources (ORs) with N fertilizers on the link between aggregate dynamics and soil organic C (SOC) and soil N. A mesocosm experiment was conducted in Embu, central Kenya where 4 Mg C ha−1 of Tithonia diversifolia (high quality), Calliandra calothyrsus (intermediate quality) and Zea mays (maize; low quality) were applied to soil compared to a no-input control. Each treatment was fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 as urea [(NH2)2CO] or not fertilized. The soils used in the mesocosms were obtained from a three-year old-field experiment in which the same treatments as in the mesocosm were applied annually. No crops were grown in both the mesocosms and the thee-year field experiment. Soil samples were collected at zero, two, five and eight months after installation of the mesocosms and separated into four aggregate size fractions by wet sieving. Macroaggregates were further fractionated to isolate the microaggregates-within-macroaggregates; all soils and fractions were analyzed for SOC and N. The addition of ORs increased soil aggregation and whole SOC and soil N compared to the control and sole N fertilizer treatments. There were no differences among different OR qualities for whole SOC or soil N, but maize alone resulted in greater mean weight diameter (MWD), macroaggregate SOC and N than sole added Calliandra. The addition of N fertilizer only influenced SOC and soil N dynamics in combination with maize where SOC, soil N and aggregation were lower with the addition of N fertilizer, indicating an increased decomposition and loss of SOC and soil N due to a faster aggregate turnover after addition of N fertilizer. In conclusion, compared to high quality ORs, low quality ORs result in greater aggregate stability and a short-term accumulation of macroaggregate SOC and N. However, the addition of N fertilizers negates these effects of low quality ORs.
Retinal preconditioning and the induction of heat-shock protein 27.

PURPOSE. Brief periods of ischemia have been shown to protect the retina from potentially damaging periods of ischemia. This phenomenon has been termed ischemic preconditioning or ischemic tolerance. In the present study the cellular changes in levels of heat shock protein (Hsp)27, -70, and -90 mRNA and expression of Hsp in the rat retina associated with ischemic preconditioning were evaluated. METHODS. Unilateral retinal ischemia was created in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats for 5 minutes. Rats were then left for 1 hour to 7 days, to allow the retina to reperfuse. Retinas were dissected, the mRNA and protein isolated, and Northern and Western blot analyses conducted to detect changes in expression of Hsp27, -70, and -90. Immunohistochemical studies were used to identify retinal regions where Hsp changes occurred. Selected animals were subjected to a second ischemic event, 60 minutes in duration, to correlate the changes in expression of Hsp with functional protection of the retina from ischemic injury. RESULTS. In control and sham-treated animals retinal Hsp27, -70, and -90 mRNAs were detectable. Five hours after retinal preconditioning, levels of Hsp27 mRNA were elevated above control levels, and 24 hours later, mRNA levels increased 200% over basal levels. Hsp27 expression remained elevated for up to 72 hours and then began to return to control levels. Hsp27 protein levels were increased by 200% over basal levels 24 hours after retinal preconditioning, remained at this level for 72 hours, and then returned to control levels. In contrast, no consistent change in Hsp70 or -90 mRNA or protein levels was observed during the course of the study. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the increase in expression of Hsp27 was localized to neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the inner layers of the retina. Electroretinography studies demonstrated a strong correlation between the protection of retinal function from ischemic injury and the expression of Hsp27. CONCLUSIONS. These results provide evidence that the induction of Hsp27 is a gene-specific event associated with ischemic preconditioning in the retina. This increase in expression of Hsp27 occurs in both neuronal and non-neuronal retinal cells, and appears to be one component of the neuroprotective events induced by ischemic preconditioning in the retina.
In the Eye of the Beholder: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective of Organizational Citizenship and Counterproductive Work Behaviors

Researchers have generally treated organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) as positive and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) as negative forms of discretionary work behavior. Consequently, there has been extensive focus on the symmetrical relationships surrounding these behaviors (i.e., focusing on positive outcomes of OCBs and negative outcomes of CWBs), with less recognition of potential asymmetric outcomes of such behaviors. One possible reason asymmetric outcomes have been overlooked is the lack of organizational research that considers multiple stakeholders' perspectives when studying these behaviors. We argue that studying OCBs and CWBs from multiple perspectives helps guide research to identify more asymmetric outcomes of these behaviors, and thus better understand these behaviors overall. The current paper identifies asymmetric outcomes of OCBs and CWBs for multiple stakeholders, proposes conditions under which OCBs and CWBs may be more likely to result in negative and positive outcomes, respectively, and offers propositions to stimulate and guide future research.
NEIGHBOR RELATEDNESS AND COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE IN IMPATIENS CAPENSIS (BALSAMINACEAE): A TEST OF THE RESOURCE PARTITIONING HYPOTHESIS

The Elbow Room hypothesis forthe maintenance of sex depends upon the assumption that intraspecific resource partitioning occurs and increases in magnitude with decreasing genetic similarity of competitors. This assumption leads to the prediction that plants should have greater fitness in competition with nonrelatives than in competition with siblings. Moreover, if a population displays fine scale genetic structure and genetic similarity declines with distance, then resource partitioning should increase with increasing geographical distance between the source locations of the competing genotypes. We tested these predictions in a greenhouse experiment by subjecting inbred Impatiens capensis seedlings to four types of competitors: 1) inbred full sibs; 2) inbred nonrelatives from the same source location; 3) inbred nonrelatives from a source location 30 m away; and 4) inbred nonrelatives from another population approximately 1 km distant. Plant dry weight at harvest increased significantly with seed weight and earlier emergence date, decreased significantly with seed weight and earlier emergence date of the competitor, and varied significantly among maternal seed families. However, there was no significant effect of competitor relatedness or distance between parental locations. The experiment therefore failed to support the resource partitioning hypothesis.
A technique to exploit cooperation for packet retransmission in wireless ad hoc networks

In wireless data communication systems, retransmission of an erroneous packet is inevitable due to the harsh communication environment. In this paper, an efficient retransmission scheme using cooperation from neighboring nodes is investigated. In the cooperative retransmission scheme, an erroneous packet is transmitted to the destination by cooperative nodes which have favorable channels. This cooperative retransmission scheme requires no a priori information of neighboring nodes and has no limitation on the number of cooperating nodes. Distributed beamforming is used to accommodate multiple cooperating nodes. Phase and frequency offsets of cooperating signals are extracted from the NACK message and used to co-phase retransmitted data packets. The outage probability of the cooperative retransmission scheme is analyzed for the case of perfect synchronization and when the offsets are estimated. To reduce the impact of the residual phase and frequency offsets in cooperating signals, a low-rate feedback scheme is also investigated. It is shown that improved outage probability and reduced packet error rate (PER) performance can be achieved even for long data packets. The proposed cooperative retransmission scheme is found to outperform simple retransmission by the source as well as decode-and-forward cooperation.
VDDmin test optimization for overscreening minimization through adaptive scan chain masking

Very-low-voltage (VDDmin) test assumes significant importance in detecting flaws in marginal chips as it can magnify the electrical impact of flaws. Yet such a test scheme is increasingly sensitive to test mode IR-drop. Exceedingly high test mode current and voltage surge may result in good chips failing VDDmin test, thus resulting in yield loss. A technique to counteract such yield loss, scan chain masking, has been widely incorporated in commercial DFT tools to address this issue. However, the masking of scan cells might lead to a reduced flaw coverage, necessitating a thorough investigation of its impact on test quality during the development of the optimal test plan. In this paper, we propose an analytical model to evaluate the cost of scan chain masking in terms of test escapes and overscreening effect. An adaptive scan chain masking flow guided by this model is then proposed to enhance the VDDmin test effectiveness in terms of the overall cost. The proposed flow adaptively identifies the IR-drop sensitive scan chains through the use of silicon debugging data of known-good parts and/or IR-drop simulation results, thus effectively avoiding the overmasking of scan chains that do not contribute to test mode IR-drop failures. This flow additionally delivers rapid convergence to a scan chain masking scheme that minimizes the overall escape/overscreening cost, thus significantly reducing engineering time in silicon debugging. Experimental results on real silicon confirm that the proposed methodology drastically reduces overscreening of good parts at negligible impact on test quality.
A Solution to the Approximation Problem for RC Low-Pass Filters

This paper presents a method for investigating the transfer functions of RC low-pass networks. The procedure involves the use of the concept of potential analogy and the technique of conformal transformation. The poles and zeros are arranged in a certain symmetrical fashion in the transformed plane and on this plane the frequency characteristic may be written in closed form. The frequency characteristics obtained by this method have equal-ripple variation inside the pass band. By mathematical manipulations, the several quantities that are essential in describing the quality of each frequency characteristic; i. e., the pass-band tolerance, the stopband-passband ratio and the stop-band attenuation, may be expressed in terms of several geometrical quantities in the transformed plane and the parameters of the transformation function. Thus, the design of this group of network functions may be accomplished by adjusting the geometric dimensions in the transformed plane and the transformation functions. The transformation used here is a function that involves elliptic functions. Some design charts which are helpful in the selections of these values are given.
Pre-Gibbs Adsorption by Surface Rearrangement

IT has been an unresolved paradox1 that for many solutions such as soap the surface tension is only a fraction of that of water, and yet the Gibbs theorem strictly requires that in the neighbourhood of the surface there should be proportionately more water than in the bulk of the solution. When the solution is thoroughly mixed and uniform right up to the surface (dynamic surface tension), the surface tension is practically the same as that of water. After a few thousandths of a second, the surface tension is very greatly lowered, in spite of the accumulation of more water in the surface demanded by Gibbs.
Dormancy regulation in subterranean clover seeds by ethylene.

In the past there have been scattered reports of breaking of dormancy in seeds by ethylene (4, 11) or by ethylene chlorohydrin (5) which apparently acts on plants through a release of ethylene (12). The advent of gas chromatographic techniques has made it possible to show that many seeds produce ethylene naturally during the germination process (8,9, 10); these reports raise the interesting possibility that the production of ethylene by the imbibed seed may contribute to the breaking of dormancy. This possibility has been examined for peanuts by Toole et al. (10) and Ketring and Morgan (6), who concluded that the ethylene production may actually contribute to the breaking of dormancy. From studies with lettuce, Abeles and Lonski (1) reached the opposite conclusion since ethylene was produced mainly by those seeds which were going to germinate, and there were only small increases in percentage germination in the presence of added ethylene. We have been studying the role of ethylene in germination of seeds of several species, and our evidence indicates that in some seeds there is a substantial response to ethylene in breaking of dormancy, and further that the ethylene produced by the seed can have a regulatory role in determining whether or not germination will be achieved.
Self-managing load shedding for data stream management systems

Load shedding is an integral component in many Data Stream Management Systems, aiming at preventing the response time from exceeding a user-specified delay target under overload situations. The currently best performing load shedder determines the correct amount of load to shed by utilizing a feedback loop for correcting the statistics-based estimations. Although this load shedder outperforms previous works in controlling response time as well as minimizing data loss, it requires a manually-tuned parameter and cannot work with complex query networks containing joins, aggregations or shared operators. In this paper, we propose SEaMLeSS - SElf Managing Load Shedding for data Stream management systems, which extends and rectifies these limitations of the state-of-the-art load shedder while making it applicable for multi-tenant servers. We implement and evaluate our extensions in AQSIOS, our experimental DSMS prototype, using both synthetic and real input patterns.
An extended time horizon search technique for cooperative unmanned vehicles to locate mobile RF targets

In this paper, we present a behavior-based, distributed, cooperative search algorithm for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to cooperatively find sub-optimal search patterns to detect moving radio frequency (RF) signal emitting targets. The overall goal of the search algorithm is to compute sub-optimal flight trajectories for participating UAVs to minimize the combined search cost: search coverage, time, fuel usage, and communication overhead. The focus for this paper is to extend our existing search algorithm 's ability to incorporate evaluations of flight path options beyond the immediate time horizon. The paper explores the trade-offs over the additional computation cost and the reduction of the total search time. In addition to finding a set of sub-optimal UAV search paths, the search algorithm also generates a priority list of possible, search paths. The list is then used by an individual UAV to adjust its path selection to minimize a global search cost. Collectively, the selected UAV paths produce sub-optimal search patterns for a group of UAVs. The validity of the search algorithm is demonstrated using computer simulation
Transport and metabolism of glutathione in the lens.

Abstract Measurements were made of influx and efflux of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) in rabbit lens. Three times as much radioactivity was found in the lens when the anterior surface was exposed to [ 35 S]-GSH compared with the posterior side. Nonlabeled GSH added to the medium decreased the penetration of labeled GSH, primarily across the anterior surface. The entry of [ 35 S]-GSSG into the lens was approximately the same across both surfaces. In cultured lenses, the accumulation of [ 35 S]-GSH decreased significantly in the absence of glucose and at reduced temperature, but was unaffected by ouabain. The entry process for GSH was also shown to be a saturable mechanism. Of the three constituent amino acids in the tripeptide only cysteine was found to compete for the transport system of GSH, suggesting that GSH and cysteine may share a common carrier. The rate of entry of 35 S-GSSG in cultured lenses was unaffected by the presence of either nonlabeled cysteine or GSH. No significant efflux of GSH or GSSG occurs from intact lenses. The efflux is extremely rapid when both capsule and epithelium are removed from the lens. When capsule alone was removed with collagenase, leaving the epithelum intact, no detectable amount of GSH or GSSG was found to leave the lens. A significant amount of [ 35 S]-GSH that entered the lens was degraded, giving rise to labeled cysteine. Lenses cultured in the presence of 14 C-labeled cysteine rapidly incorporated the amino acid into GSH, suggesting that GSH is totally degraded and resynthesized in the lens. From the time course of decrease in the specific activity of glutathione introduced into the lens, the coefficient of turnover of GSH was calculated to be 0·014 hr −1 , a value found to be in reasonable agreement with the turnover rate of GSH calculated previously from the rates of incorporation of constituent amino acids.
Computer simulation of rock-glacier development under viscous and pseudoplastic flow

The rock-glacier debris transport system is mathematically linked to its bedrock-cliff source area by combining expressions for debris input and rock-glacier flow with a continuity equation. Numerical solutions are achieved by computer simulation, given the initial conditions of a 295-m cliff and a 10-m basal talus. Resulting system configurations depend upon rockwall weathering rate and rock-glacier flow resistance, as well as the type (viscous or pseudoplastic) of rock-glacier deformation. Steady-state equilibrium is achieved more quickly under pseudoplastic flow, but for given rates of rockwall retreat and flow resistance, steady-state rock glaciers tend to be larger and more powerful under viscous flow. When rock-glacier development is simulated under the assumption of cyclic climatic fluctuation, resulting geometries are similar for viscous and pseudoplastic flow. However, the rock-glacier output response to debris input is shown to be less lagged and less amplified under pseudoplastic flow.
Transitional cell carcinomas of the ovary and bladder are immunophenotypically different.

Aims Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ovary is a subtype of ovarian cancer whose main characteristic is its histological resemblance to TCC of the bladder. Thrombomodulin (TM), a surface glycoprotein commonly expressed in normal and neoplastic urothelium, has been proven to be a good marker for TCC of the bladder. To better define the phenotype of TCC of the ovary, we investigated TM, cytokeratin 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression in 15 TCCs of the ovary and compared their phenotype with that of 20 TCCs of the bladder, and 20 serous and 10 endometrioid carcinomas of the ovary. Methods and results Immunostaining was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex method. All 20 TCCs of the bladder stained for TM and cytokeratin 20, and 13 stained for CEA. None of the TCCs of the ovary reacted for TM or cytokeratin 20, and only two expressed CEA. All of the serous and endometrioid carcinomas were negative for TM and cytokeratin 20. CEA positivity was observed in two of the serous carcinomas, but in none of the endometrioid carcinomas. Conclusion The immunophenotype of TCC of the ovary is similar to that of other surface carcinomas of the ovary, but differs from that of TCC of the bladder. Since immunohistochemical procedures are often used in the diagnosis and classification of both primary and metastatic tumours, it is important to be aware of these differences in immunophenotype.
Composite Monolayer of Ag and Cu on Au(111) by Sequential Underpotential Deposition

The underpotential deposition (upd) of silver and copper onto Au(111) can be performed sequentially to produce a composite monolayer with a laterally mixed structure. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to follow the upd processes on Au(111) under potential control in Ag+ and Cu2+ electrolytes. The first upd step in a sulfuric acid-based Ag+ electrolyte produced a partial monolayer of Ag atoms on Au(111). Cyclic voltammetry with this Au(111)/Ag upd sample in a Cu2+ electrolyte showed a upd peak in both the anodic and cathodic scans that was shifted by approximately −100 mV from that on bare Au(111). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ AFM measurements revealed that the upd peaks for Cu on Au(111)/Ag resulted from the reversible transition in surface structure between an open hexagonal structure of Ag atoms on Au(111) and a (1 × 1) adlayer structure comprising both Ag and Cu atoms on the Au(111) surface. In formation of the (1 × 1) structure, the Cu atoms filled the open spaces on Au(11...
Primary Synovial Sarcoma of the Kidney With Rhabdoid Features

Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma with clearly defined histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features. It occurs predominantly in the extremities of young adults but has been reported...
Suicide and Parasuicide in Scotland

suicide rate, with a Pearson correlation between the two rates of .56. However, the females' suicide rate decreased during this period, in contrast to the increasing parasuicide rate for females, and the Pearson correlation between the two rates was -38. The male/female rate ratio increased for both the suicides and the parasuicides, with a significant Pearson correlation between the two ratios of .71 (two-tailed p < ,021. Thus, men showed an increasing risk of both suicide and parasuicide in Scotland from 1982 to 1992, while women showed a decreasing risk of suicide but an increasing risk of parasuicide. The possible reasons for the decreasing risk of suicidal fatalities for women in Scotland deserve further investiga tion. REFERENCE STARK. C.. SMITH. H., &HALL, D. Increase in parasuicide in Scotland. Briti.ib Medical Journal, 1994, 308, 1569.
Effect of Processing Temperature on Utilization of Whole Soybeans by Calves

Abstract To evaluate utilization of processed whole soybeans by calves, in the first trial raw soybeans and soybeans processed at 138°C without tempering or 138°C with tempering, or at 171°C were evaluated in a nitrogen balance trial of four male Holstein calves 10 to 15 wk of age. Nitrogen retention was similar when calves consumed any of the heat-treated soybean diets but less for the raw soybean diet. In the second trial raw and processed soybeans were evaluated in an 8-wk growth trial of 96 Holstein day-old calves. Starters contained soybean meal, that with added fat, raw soybeans, or soybeans processed at 138, 171, or 191°C in a California Pellet Mill Jet-Sploder. Calves consuming the starters containing soybeans processed at 171°C consumed more feed, gained faster, had lower fecal scores (less scours), and less mortality.
Impact of halofenozide, imidacloprid, and bendiocarb on beneficial invertebrates and predatory activity in turfgrass

Imidacloprid, a chloronicotinyl, and halofenozide, a bisacylhydrazine ecdysteroid agonist, recently have become widely used for residual control of scarabaeid grubs in turf. We evaluated their impact on earthworms and beneficial arthropods in field trials, and tested whether application in late spring might interfere with subsequent predation on black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, life stages in Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., turf. Bendiocarb, a short-residual carbamate, was included for comparison. Imidacloprid caused some short-term suppression of earthworms, whereas bendiocarb had severe impact on earthworms, mesostigmatid mites, and Collembola. Pitfall trap captures of predatory coleopteran larvae and hister beetles were reduced by imidacloprid and bendiocarb, but abundance of ants, carabids, spiders, and staphylinids was largely unaffected. Halofenozide caused no reduction in abundance of any group of beneficial invertebrates. Scavenging on fresh-frozen A. ipsilon larvae was reduced for ≈1 wk after use of imidacloprid or bendiocarb, but predation rates on eggs or pupae of A. ipsilon, and on implanted P. japonica eggs, were unaffected. This work suggests that application of halofenozide or imidacloprid, followed by irrigation, will have relatively little impact on beneficial invertebrates, although both compounds are persistent enough to control P. japonica and Cyclocephala spp. grubs eclosing several months later.
Iso-shaping rigid bodies for estimating their motion from image sequences

In many medical imaging applications, due to the limited field of view of imaging devices, often, acquired images include only a part of a structure. In such situations, it is impossible to guarantee that the images will contain exactly the same physical extent of the structure at different scans, which leads to difficulties in registration and in many other tasks, such as the analysis of the morphology, architecture, and kinematics. To facilitate such analysis, we developed a general method, referred to as isoshaping, that generates structures of the same shape from segmented images. The basis for this method is to automatically find a set of key points, called shape centers, in the segmented partial anatomic structure such that these points are present in all images and that they represent the same physical location in the object, and then trim the structure using these points as reference. The application area considered here is the analysis of the morphology, architecture, and kinematics of the foot joints from MR images acquired at different joint positions, load conditions, and longitudinal time instances. The accuracy of the method is studied and it is quantitatively demonstrated that isoshaping improves the results of registration.
“For Questioning is the Piety of Thought” But, Not Without Consequences in Technocratic Culture

Using a representative anecdote, insights from Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Ellul, and Ivan Illich, and in the form of a collage, this paper advocates a pedagogy of questioning and explores some of the conflicts and consequences of adopting such a pedagogy in a technocratic culture, especially as related to conventional expectations for education framed by efficiency, practicality, and functionality.
Student, Teacher, and Observer Perceptions of the Classroom Environment Before and after the Transition to Junior High School

Student and teacher perceptions of the classroom environment were assessed during mathematics instruction in 117 sixth grade elementary school classrooms and the following year in 138 seventh grade junior high school classrooms. Observer perceptions were collected in a subset of these classrooms. As hypothesized, after the transition students were given fewer opportunities for input, interaction and cooperation; whole class task organization and the use of social comparison increased; and student/teacher relationships deteriorated. Contrary to predictions, competition was more prevalent before than after the transition and the frequency of grading did not change. It is suggested that a "developmental mismatch" may exist between maturing children and the classroom environments they experience before and after the transition to junior high school.
Influence of pH on Survival and Fertility of Bull Sperm

Summary The mean percentages of motile spermatozoa over a 12-day storage period at 5C for Illinois Variable Temperature (IVT) and Cornell University Extenders (CUE) with added CO 2 , and IVT and CUE with citric acid added to reduce pH by an equivalent amount, were 51, 53, 54, and 58, respectively. Corresponding values at 25C were 51, 48, 54, and 55. The small difference in favor of citric acid was significant (P 2 . The rise in pH which resulted from CO 2 loss and caused death of the sperm cell under certain storage conditions could be detected in unopened containers by the inclusion of innocuous levels of bromthymol blue. The fertility of bull sperm in CUE with citric acid added to adjust pH to approximately 6.80, 6.65, and 6.50 was tested in two field trials totaling about 85,000 first inseminations. The corresponding 60- to 90-day nonreturn rates were 72.6, 74.6, and 73.9 (P = .10) in the first trial, and 74.5, 74.7, and 74.7 (P>.10) in the second trial. These results demonstrate that the pH of extender may be reduced to 6.5 with no harmful effect on the fertility of bull sperm.
Chronic lung infection in children

Tuberculosis and aspergillosis are two of the most common chronic lung infections that occur in children. They both present in a variety of ways, acutely or insidiously. Tuberculosis is increasing in incidence due to increased immigration and the HIV pandemic. Symptoms can range from subclinical to acute sepsis with respiratory distress requiring intensive care support. Aspergillus is an important pathogen, particularly in patients who are immunocompromised either due to organ impairment such as cystic fibrosis or due to primary or secondary suppression of the immune system. Aspergillosis can also present with mild to fulminant symptomatology. Imaging is often the cornerstone of diagnosis. This article concentrates on the wide range of radiological features that these two organisms can cause.
Removal of phosphorus and iron by commercial degumming of soybean oil

Samples of crude and water-degummed soybean oils were obtained from five commercial processors. period of at least 2 weeks between samples. The crude and degummed oils were analyzed for iron and phosphorus content. Phosphorus removal within each processing plant was consistent, but between plants removal varied from a low of 79% to a high of 95%. Removal of iron compounds during commercial degumming varied from a low of 14% to a high of 57%. Significance of these results in steam-refining operations are discussed.
ADVERSE SELECTION, SPREAD BEHAVIOR, AND OVER-THE-COUNTER SEASONED EQUITY OFFERINGS

In this paper the effects of over-the-counter seasoned equity issuances on the percentage bid-ask spreads around announcement and offer dates are examined. A declining spread in the pre-announcement period suggests that resolution of information asymmetry begins well before the announcement date. Further, using issue size as a proxy for the extent of information asymmetry, we observe that spreads for larger issues reach “normal” levels before the first public disclosure of the offering. For smaller issues this occurs only on the offer date. Results are consistent with the dealer experiencing reduced adverse information risk as a result of information-gathering efforts during the underwriting process.
Designing user manuals for the online public access catalog

The writer of functional documents must make both macro‐ and micro‐level judgments: decisions about the format and layout of the document as well as decisions about the wording of each passage. The four steps in producing a document are: 1) Analysis, 2) Planning, 3) Development, and 4) Evaluation, Testing, and Revision. To demonstrate the application of these four steps, the authors describe the process of developing and revising a brochure to guide library patrons in conducting an author search on an online public access catalog.
Long range process design and compatibility among operations

Most processes consist of several operations. Some or all of these operations may have more than one alternative technological method, resulting in an exponential relationship between the number of possible designs and the number of operation alternatives. However, some of these designs may not be feasible because of incompatibilities among operation alternatives. A feasible process design will include one alternative for each operation in such a way that each operation is compatible with every other operation in the design. For identifying these feasible designs, there are two approaches: traditional and morphological. The former relies on trial-and-error, expert judgment, and creative thinking and the latter considers, explicitly or implicitly, every possible design. This paper presents an efficient algorithm with computational results for identifying all feasible designs based on compatibility considerations. The implementation issues, both computational and organizational, are discussed as integral parts of a framework for process design efforts. This framework combines the advantages of both the traditional and morphological approaches and mitigates their disadvantages. It also facilitates interaction between the expert's judgment and the programmed model.
Effects of triton X-100 treatments on the composition and activities of membrane vesicles from pigeon erythrocytes.

Abstract Membrane vesicles were prepared from pigeon erythrocytes. The effect of various treatments on the ability of these vesicles to trap and transport glycine was measured. Most of the work concerned the effects of the nonionic detergent, Triton X-100 (Triton). Triton inhibits the capacity of membrane vesicles to trap and transport glycine. The effects of Triton depend on temperaature and pH. At neutral pH and 41°C, the half-inactivating dose of Triton is 6 μl/g wet weight of membrane, while at neutral pH and O°C it is approx. 60 μl/g. At pH 8.5–8.8 and 0°C the half-inactivating dose is 15–20 μl/g. The Triton effect depends on the ratio of Triton to membrane, not the Triton ‘concentration’ in the aqueous phase. Protein is released from the membrane by Triton treatment at 0°C. At pH 8.5–8.8, the dose-response curve for protein release is very similar to the dose-response curve for inhibition of the capacities to trap and take up glycine. All three curves have steep and shallow regions, respectively below and above a Triton dose of 15 μl/g. The protein released by Triton treatment at 0°C is largely the lower molecular weight classes and the maximum protein release is 50–60% of the total membrane protein. The percent of this protein class released by a given Triton dose equals the percent inhibition of the capacity to trap glycine. Triton is bound by the membranes. In the dose range of 0–10 μl Triton/g wet membrane, about half of the added Triton is bound. This bound Triton is not readily removed by washing. Like protein release and inhibition of trapping and transport capacities, the binding process has two phases, one above and one below a dose of 15 μl/g. The membrane is saturated with Triton at a dose of 15 μl/g with 4.5 μl Triton bound/g wet weight, corresponding to 85–90 μl bound/g remaining membrane protein. Bovine serum high density lipoprotein efficiently removes bound Triton from the membrane. By removing Triton bound at 0°C with lipoprotein, the effects of Triton at 0 and 41°C could be distinguished and the time course of Triton action at 0°C could be measured. Triton action was nearly complete by 10 min at 0°C. Possible modes of action of Triton on these membranes are discussed. At least part of the action of Triton can be described as a process in which membrane proteins are partitioned between the membrane phase and an extramembranal Triton micelle phase.
Detection of Separations between Adjacent Signals on a Simulated PPI Radar Scope

A simulated Plan Position Indicator (PPI) scope was used to evaluate the effects of a number of visual variables upon the minimum signal luminance increment (ΔI) required for the detection of a separation between two identical signals. The signal luminance increment is the difference between the signal luminance and the scope face luminance. All of the variables, viz., background luminance, distance between signals, scan rate, and simulated phosphorescence decay were of importance in determining threshold logΔI values. Moreover, most of the interactions among the variables were statistically significant.As the background luminance increases, an increase in logΔI is required for detection of a given separation. The background luminance is the most important determinant of the threshold logΔI. In general, for a given background luminance, the threshold logΔI must increase as the separation between signals decreases. The influence of simulated phosphorescence decay and scan rate upon logΔI thresholds is relatively small.
Snapshots of an alkylidyne for nitride triple-bond metathesis.

The transient titanium alkylidyne complex (PNP)Ti⋮CtBu (PNP = N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2-), [2+2] cycloadds sterically bulky nitriles such as NCR to afford unique examples of kinetically stable azametallacyclobutadienes, (PNP)Ti(NCRCtBu) (R = tBu, 1; Ad, 2). Complexes 1 and 2 can further react with electrophiles such as ClSi(CH3)3 or Al(CH3)3 to extrude the alkyne RC⋮CtBu (R = tBu, 1; R = Ad, 2) and form neutral or zwitterionic titanium imide species, respectively. Imide formation for the latter species results from complete tBuC3- for N3- metathetical exchange. Isotopic labeling studies applying 15N enriched nitrile N⋮CAd clearly reveal the nitrogen atom transfer results from incomplete and complete metathesis of a titanium alkylidyne with a nitrile.