cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination and comparison of heavy metals in selected seafood, water, vegetation and sediments by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry from an industrialized and pristine waterway in Southwest Louisiana

Abstract Samples of crab, fish, sediments, vegetation and waters were collected from a pristine (Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge) and historically polluted (Bayou d'Inde) waterway in Southwest Louisiana. After sample preparation via microwave digestion to obtain a solution, cadmium, mercury, nickel and lead were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. A comparison of results showed that there was very little difference in concentrations for the four metals between the two areas, typically in the 10 μg/g range for crabs and fish, around 0.05 μg/mL or lower for waters, and somewhat higher for sediments and vegetation of around two to three times.
Comparison of satellite-inferred (SAGE II) aerosol optical depths with corresponding airborne sunphotometer optical depths

Solar radiation measurements were made with an airborne multiwavelength autotracking sunphotometer detector off the northeastern coast of Brazil on April 6, 1985. These measurements are used to validate solar radiation measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The SAGE II data below 17.5 km are dominated by attenuation due to thunderstorm-generated cirrus clouds. When integrated above 17.5 km, however, the aerosol extinction profiles from SAGE II yield aerosol optical depths that are consistent with the corresponding sunphotometer values above 10.1 km.
Development and characterization of seventeen microsatellite loci for the Peter’s tent-roosting bat (Uroderma bilobatum)

In the Neotropics, Peter’s tent-roosting bat (Uroderma bilobatum) is an important keystone species. U. bilobatum promotes plant community diversity and secondary succession, and is becoming more abundant in human-modified habitats where it roosts in non-native plants. Although this change in roosting preferences can have detrimental consequences to their populations, to date, no study has quantified this phenomenon from a population genetic perspective. To investigate effect of human-modified habitats on group cohesion, population structure, and genetic diversity, we developed and characterized 17 microsatellite loci. Primer pairs were screened on 187 individuals from 12 different social groups. Levels of polymorphism ranged from 3 to 14 alleles. Of the 17 loci, 3 revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and evidence of null alleles. Use of these markers will allow researchers to understand effects to population genetic structure and diversity due to changes in habitat use, which is important information to form the best correct management strategy and to ensure perpetuity of an important seed disperser.
Large-Area Graphene Single Crystals Grown by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methane on Copper

Graphene single crystals with dimensions of up to 0.5 mm on a side were grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition in copper-foil enclosures using methane as a precursor. Low-energy electron microscopy analysis showed that the large graphene domains had a single crystallographic orientation, with an occasional domain having two orientations. Raman spectroscopy revealed the graphene single crystals to be uniform monolayers with a low D-band intensity. The electron mobility of graphene films extracted from field-effect transistor measurements was found to be higher than 4000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature.
Acid-base balance in dialysis patients

Case presentation A 52-year-old man with end-stage renal disease has been receiving hemodialysis treatments 3 times weekly for 8 years. He currently works 35 hours per week as a maintenance electrician, does not smoke, and drinks an occasional beer. The cause of his renal failure is presumed to be glomerulonephritis, although the diagnosis has not been established. He was first noted to have proteinuria while in the armed services in 1956. A renal biopsy was attempted but was unsuccessful. The patient states that everything "cleared up," but no further medical followup occurred until January 1975, when he sought medical attention because of shortness of breath. At that time he was found to have pulmonary edema and a blood pressure of 230/130 mm Hg. Serum creatinine concentration was 4.4 mg/dl and he had nephrotic-range proteinuria. His blood pressure was controlled with methyldopa, hydralazine, and furosemide, but nonetheless he developed progressive renal failure. In mid-1975 the serum creatinine was 4.1 mg/dl; sodium, 140 mEq/Iiter; potassium, 4.7 mEq/liter; total CO2. 20 mmol/liter; and chloride, 101 mEq/liter. By November 1976, serum creatinine had risen to 14.1 mg/dl; BUN, 140 mgldl; sodium, 142 mEq/liter; potassium, 4.4 mEq/liter; total
Decay of τ Mesons of Known Charge

The experimental data on the 3π decay of τ mesons is summarized on a convenient two-dimensional plot, both (a) when the π-meson charges are known and (b) when they are not. Some events may be included in plot (a) only if the parent τ meson is assumed positive and arguments supporting this identification for τ mesons decaying in an emulsion are discussed. The dependence of this plot on the τ-meson spin (j) and parity (w) is discussed in general terms and those features depending particularly on w and on its relation with j are emphasized—for example, if the density of events does not vanish at the bottom of the plot, the τ meson must have odd parity and even spin. Simple estimates of the distribution, using only the lowest allowable angular momenta and a "short range" approximation, may be modified by final-state meson-meson attractions, whose effects are discussed qualitatively. The available data are insufficient for any strong conclusion to be drawn but rather suggest even spin and odd parity for the τ meson; the need for careful assessment of geometrical bias in the selection of experimental material is stressed.
Studies on the interaction of a thiol-dependent hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzyme and phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Abstract Rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase is irreversibly inactivated by a H 2 O 2 -dependent process. Since H 2 O 2 can be produced by autooxidation of the tetrahydropterin cofactor required for the hydroxylation reaction, in vitro assays are usually carried out in the presence of added catalase. On the basis of a dithiothreitol-dependent protecting assay of phenylalanine hydroxylase, carried out in the absence of catalase, we have isolated an enzyme fraction from neonatal rat livers which has similar properties to the known enzyme, glutathione peroxidase. The developmental time course for phenylalanine hydroxylase in rats has been reported to follow two different patterns. Using the dithiothreitol assay, McGee et al. (1972, Biochem. J. 127, 669–674) have found that newborn rats have low phenylalanine hydroxylase activity which increases to adult levels over several months. On the other hand, using catalase-supplemented assays, others have found that newborn rats have nearly adult levels of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity. The protective effect of glutathione peroxidase on phenylalanine hydroxylase suggests that the developmental time course found by McGee et al. may represent the slow developmental time course previously found for glutathione peroxidase. In addition, feeding rats a selenium-deficient diet, which reduces the hepatic activity of the selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase, results in a concomitant irreversible loss of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, suggesting that glutathione peroxidase may play a vital role in protecting phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo from peroxide inactivation.
Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World

Women and revolution: a framework for analysis / Mary Ann Taetreault -- Women and revolution in Mozambique: a luta continua / Kathleen Sheldon -- "This, t is a way of fighting": rural women's participation in Zimbabwe's liberation / Sita Ranchod-Nilsson -- "Men in our country behave like chiefs": women and the Angolan revolution / Catherine V. Scott -- Women and revolution in Vietn / Mary Ann Taetreault -- Women and revolution in China: the sources of constraints on women's emancipation / Kyung Ae Park -- Women and revolution South and North Korea / Kyung Ae Park -- Women and revolution in Indonesia / Susan MacFarland -- Revolution, Islamist reaction, and women in Afghanistan/ Valentine M. Moghadam -- Women and revolution in Yugoslavia (1945-1989) / Ob Kesic -- Sexuality and the politics of revolution in Iran / Farideh Farhi -- Women, revolution, and Israel / Connie Jorgensen -- Whose honor? Whose liberation? Women and the reconstruction of politics in Kuwait / Mary Ann Taetreault -- Women, adamocracy, and the Bolivian social revolution / Gratzi Villarroel Smeall -- Gender and the Mexican revolution: the intersection of family, state, and church / Diane Mitsch Bush, Stephen P. Mumme -- Remaking public sphere: women and revolution in Cuba / Sheryl L. Lutjens -- Women and the counter-revolution in Chile / Joan Supplee -- Simultaneous revolutions a exits: a semi-skeptical comment / Christine Sylvester -- Women and revolutio what have we learned? / Mary Ann Taetreault.
Variable length tree structures having minimum average search time

Sussenguth suggests in a paper (1963) that a file should be organized as a doubly-chained tree structure if it is necessary both to search and to update frequently. Such a structure provides a compromise between the fast search/slow update characteristics of binary searching and the slow search/fast update characteristics of serial searching. His method, however, contains the limiting restriction that all terminal nodes lie on the same level of the tree. This paper considers the effect of relaxing this restriction.First, trees which have the property that a priori the filial set of each node is well defined are studied. It is proved that coding the nodes within each filial set with respect to the number of terminal nodes reachable from each is necessary and sufficient to guarantee minimum average search time.Then the more general case (that is, where the entire structure of the tree is changeable) is treated. A procedure is developed for constructing a tree with a minimum average search time. A simple closed expression for this minimum average search time is obtained as a function of the number of terminal nodes. The storage capacity required to implement the doubly-chained tree structure on a digital computer is also determined. Finally, the total cost of the structure, using Sussenguth's cost criterion, is computed. It is shown that significant improvements in both the average search time and the total cost can be obtained by relaxing Sussenguth's restriction that all terminal nodes lie on the same level of the tree.
Reverse leukocyte migration can be attractive or repulsive

The directional migration of cells within multicellular organisms is governed by gradients of both chemical attractants and repellents in diverse processes, including leukocyte trafficking and neuronal pathfinding in vivo. These complex extracellular environments direct the orchestrated bidirectional trafficking of leukocytes between the vasculature and tissues. Substantial progress has been made in dissecting the molecular mechanisms involved in orchestrating the directed movement of leukocytes into host tissues; however, less is known about the reverse migration of leukocytes from the tissues to the vasculature. In this article, we discuss the functional interplay between chemoattraction and chemorepulsion in the bidirectional movement of cells in complex in vivo environments, and we describe how these mechanisms influence both normal physiology and human disease.
3D video generation with multiple perspective camera views

Conventional video limits the viewers to a fixed predetermined viewpoint. With the advancement of image generation and analysis techniques, it becomes possible to overcome this limitation. We present a framework for the generation of 3D video, based on the uses of multiple cameras from different perspectives. Exploiting a priori knowledge of the scene geometry and dynamic objects, we can reconstruct 3D shapes of objects and generate virtual views of spatio-temporal events. An overview of the framework is first presented. Then we report our ongoing research to overcome issues in segmentation and playback.
Beyond the datasheet: Using test beds to probe non-volatile memories' dark secrets

Non-volatile memories (such as NAND flash and phase change memories) have the potential to revolutionize computer systems. However, these technologies have complex behavior in terms of performance, reliability, and energy consumption that make fully exploiting their potential a complicated task. As device engineers push bit densities higher, this complexity will only increase. Managing and exploiting the complex and at times surprising behavior of these memories requires a deep understanding of the devices grounded in experimental results. Our research groups have developed several hardware test beds for flash and other memories that allow us to both characterize these memories and experimentally evaluate their performance on full-scale computer systems. We describe several of these test bed systems, outline some of the research findings they have enabled, and discuss some of the methodological challenges they raise.
Continuous statistics of the Lyα forest at 0 < z < 1.6: the mean flux, flux distribution and autocorrelation from HST FOS spectra

We measure the amount of absorption in the Lya forest at 0 < z < 1.6 in Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph spectra of 74 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). Starting with a 334 QSO sample compiled by Bechtold et al., we selected 74 QSOs that have the highest signal-to-noise ratio and complete coverage of rest-frame wavelengths 1070-1170 A. We measure the absorption from the flux in each pixel in units of the unabsorbed continuum level. We mask out regions of spectra that contain metal lines, or strong Lya lines that are accompanied by other Lyman series line or metals at the same redshift, leaving Lyα absorption from the low-density intergalactic medium (IGM). At 0 < z < 1.6 we find that 79 per cent of the absorption is from the low-density IGM, 12 per cent from metals and 9 per cent from the strong Hi lines, nearly identical to the percentages (78, 15 and 7) that we measured independently at z = 2 from spectra taken with the Kast spectrograph on the Lick 3-m. At z = 1 the low-density IGM absorbs 0.037 ± 0.004 of the flux. The error includes some but not all of the uncertainty in the continuum level. The remaining part gives relative errors of approximately 0.21 when we report the mean absorption in eight independent redshift intervals, and 0.047 when we average over all redshifts. We find 1.46 times more absorption from the low-density IGM than comes from Lya lines that Bechtold et al. listed in the same spectra. The amount of absorption increases with z and can be fit by a power law (1 + z) α , with a = 1.01. If the absorption comes entirely from lines with fixed rest equivalent width, this result implies the number density of lines evolves like (1 + z) 0.01 , or no change in the number of lines per unit redshift, consistent with the Janknecht et al. results on the distribution of lines. When we include similar measurements from higher redshifts, we need more degrees of freedom to fit the amount of absorption at 0 < z < 3.2. A power law with a break in slope, changing from index 1.5 at low z to 3.0 above z ∼ 1.1 is a better but only marginally acceptable fit. We also calculate two other continuous statistics, the flux probability distribution function and the flux autocorrelation function that is non-zero out to v ∼ 500 km s -1 at 0.5 < z < 1.5.
Are Ethicality Perceptions of Different Counterproductive Behaviors Affected by Workplace Dependencies?1

Dependency theory posits that relationships in organizations are affected by perceived dependencies. The present paper investigated whether the perceived ethicality of various counterproductive behaviors depends on perceived dependencies. Falsifying time reports and using organizational resources for personal use were considered to be more unethical by individuals who scored low on dependency, whereas concealing one's errors was considered to be more unethical by individuals who scored high on dependency. These results were not attributable to social desirability bias. Implications are elaborated.
Modeling biology with solver-aided programming languages

A good model of a biological cell exposes secrets of the cell's signaling mechanisms, explaining diseases and facilitating drug discovery. Modeling cells is fundamentally a programming problem - it's programming because the model is a concurrent program that simulates the cell, and it's a problem because it is hard to write a program that reproduces all experimental observations of the cell faithfully.In this talk, I will introduce solver-aided programming languages and show how they ease modeling biology as well as make programming accessible to non-programmers. Solver-aided languages come with constructs that delegate part of the programming problem to a constraint solver, which can be guided to synthesize parts of the program, localize its bugs, or act as a clairvoyant oracle.I will describe our work on synthesis of stem cell models in c. elegans and then show how our framework called Rosette can rapidly implement a solver aided language in several domains, from programming by demonstration to spatial parallel programming.
Sharing viewpoints in collaborative virtual environments

We explore to what degree shared viewpoints in three-dimensional collaborative virtual environments enable effective collaboration. We apply research on shared viewpoints and telepointers to 3D environments. A lightweight Java-based tool for creating collaborative virtual environments was developed and used in the study. The system is realized as an application framework that can be customized to develop new applications. We conducted a series of experiments to assess the effectiveness of shared viewpoints on two simple tasks. Control groups were provided with telepointers. Experimental groups were provided with telepointers and shared views. The results indicate that for participants with access to both tools, shared views are preferred over telepointers for tasks involving joint exploration of either the environment or some object of common interest.
βENaC is required for whole cell mechanically gated currents in renal vascular smooth muscle cells.

Myogenic constrictor responses in small renal arteries and afferent arterioles are suppressed in mice with reduced levels of β-epithelial Na+ channel (βENaCm/m). The underlying mechanism is unclear...
Stochastic learning solution for distributed discrete power control game in wireless data networks

Distributed power control is an important issue in wireless networks. Recently, noncooperative game theory has been applied to investigate interesting solutions to this problem. The majority of these studies assumes that the transmitter power level can take values in a continuous domain. However, recent trends such as the GSM standard and Qualcomm's proposal to the IS-95 standard use a finite number of discretized power levels. This motivates the need to investigate solutions for distributed discrete power control which is the primary objective of this paper. We first note that, by simply discretizing, the previously proposed continuous power adaptation techniques will not suffice. This is because a simple discretization does not guarantee convergence and uniqueness. We propose two probabilistic power adaptation algorithms and analyze their theoretical properties along with the numerical behavior. The distributed discrete power control problem is formulated as an N-person, nonzero sum game. In this game, each user evaluates a power strategy by computing a utility value. This evaluation is performed using a stochastic iterative procedures. We approximate the discrete power control iterations by an equivalent ordinary differential equation to prove that the proposed stochastic learning power control algorithm converges to a stable Nash equilibrium. Conditions when more than one stable Nash equilibrium or even only mixed equilibrium may exist are also studied. Experimental results are presented for several cases and compared with the continuous power level adaptation solutions.
Modification of mudstone fabric and pore structure as a result of slope failure: Ursa Basin, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Mud-rich mass transport deposits (MTDs) have a microfabric that is significantly different from bounding non-deformed mudstones at similar depths in the first 200 m of burial. Core samples from the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 308, Ursa Basin, Gulf of Mexico sample many well identified MTDs. These MTD mudstones have higher clay mineral fabric intensities than compositional equivalent mudstones either at a given porosity or a given depth. Clay mineral fabric intensity was quantified using high resolution X-ray texture goniometry and confirmed by visual inspection on backscattered electron micrographs imaged on argon-ion milled surfaces. Enhanced clay-mineral fabric intensities in MTD mudstones are interpreted to result from remolding and shearing after mass movement, where the initially deposited clay mineral flocs have been mechanically disaggregated and physio-chemical forces of attraction overcome. Recognition of enhanced microfabrics has important implications for seismic anisotropy as well as for shallow fluid flow.
Open radiocarpal fracture-dislocations

Ten open radiocarpal fracture-dislocations in nine patients were treated by wound debridement, open reduction, and maintenance of reduction by casting supplemented with internal or external fixation. Eight patients had associated fractures or dislocations of the ipsilateral extremity: elbow fracture or dislocation (three patients), shoulder fracture (one patient), fractured humerus (two patients), and phalangeal fractures (three patients). In seven of ten cases the median and/or ulnar nerve was severely contused and required immediate decompression. Six patients were followed at least 15 months. All had mild asymptomatic sensory neurologic deficit, diminished range of motion of the wrist, and wrist pain with activity. The prognosis should be guarded.
A 0.5-W complementary AlGaAs-GaAs HBT push-pull amplifier at 10 GHz

X-band high-efficiency complementary push-pull amplifiers using P-n-p and N-p-n AlGaAs-GaAs HBTs were demonstrated. One of the amplifiers achieved an output power of 500 mW with 6-dB gain and 41.8% power-added efficiency at 10 GHz. High efficiency was achieved by Class-B push-pull operation, which also results in second harmonic cancellation. >
Fluids Engineering Education: Current Status and Future Directions

This paper presents a summary of panel presentations at the 1986 ASME Winter Annual Meeting. A total of eleven panelists from university, industry, and governmental organizations participated in the program. The authors have also included a number of editorial and interpretative comments to enhance the breadth of coverage.
An HIV-1 Replication Pathway Utilizing Reverse Transcription Products That Fail To Integrate

Integration is a central event in the replication of retroviruses, yet ≥90% of HIV-1 reverse transcripts fail to integrate, resulting in accumulation of unintegrated viral DNA in cells. However, understanding what role, if any, unintegrated viral DNA plays in the natural history of HIV-1 has remained elusive. Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA is reported to possess a limited capacity for gene expression restricted to early gene products and is considered a replicative dead end. Although the majority of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells are refractory to infection, nonactivated CD4 T cells present in lymphoid and mucosal tissues are major targets for infection. Treatment with cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, or IL-15 renders CD4+ T cells permissive to HIV-1 infection in the absence of cell activation and proliferation and provides a useful model for infection of resting CD4+ T cells. We found that infection of cytokine-treated resting CD4+ T cells in the presence of raltegravir or with integrase active-site mutant HIV-1 yielded de novo virus production following subsequent T cell activation. Infection with integration-competent HIV-1 naturally generated a population of cells generating virus from unintegrated DNA. Latent infection persisted for several weeks and could be activated to virus production by a combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a protein kinase C activator or by T cell activation. HIV-1 Vpr was essential for unintegrated HIV-1 gene expression and de novo virus production in this system. Bypassing integration by this mechanism may allow the preservation of genetic information that otherwise would be lost.
Synthesis of biologically active proteins by recombinant DNA technology

DNA from a variety of sources may be inserted into the DNA of bacteria (cloned) by means of bacteriophage or plasmid vectors. DNA to be cloned may originate from the genome of another organism (genomic DNA), it may be copied enzymatically from messenger RNA (complementary DNA), or it may be synthesized by purely chemical means. In general, cloning of genomic DNA is useful for studying gene structure, but not useful for inducing bacteria to synthesize the proteins coded by the DNA. This is because the genes of higher organisms usually consist of stretches of DNA coding for parts of a protein which are separated from one another by other DNA (intervening sequences) which does not code for protein. Bacterial genes are not interrupted by intervening sequences, hence bacteria cannot make protein accurately from genes containing such interruptions. The use of complementary DNA or chemically synthesized DNA circumvents this problem. These sources of DNA have been used successfully to produce an increasing number of pharmacologically useful proteins. The bacterial synthesis of insulin, growth hormone, and endorphin are reviewed as examples of the applications of this technology.
Field performance of a fan‐driven spray evaporator

An emerging evaporation technology uses a powerful axial fan and high-pressure spray nozzles to propel a fine mist into the atmosphere at high air and water flow rates. Commercial units have been deployed at several locations in North America and worldwide since the mid-1990s, typically in arid or semiarid climates. A commercial spray evaporator was field tested at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina to develop quantitative performance data under relatively humid conditions. A semiempirical correlation was developed from eight tests from March through August 2003. For a spray rate of 250 L/min (66 gpm) and continuous year-round operation at the Savannah River Site, the predicted average evaporation rate is 48 L/min (13 gpm). © 2006 Washington Savannah River Company
Better than optimum?: register reduction using idle pipelined functional units

This paper presents a register binding algorithm in high level synthesis with the objective of register minimization. Our main observation is that not all pipelined functional units are operating at all time. Idle pipelined functional units can be used to store data temporarily, reducing stand-alone registers. The proposed register binding scheme is applied to a suite of benchmark circuits. Experimental results demonstrate that register counts can be lowered by 20% on average in comparison to the left-edge algorithm [10], which is often considered as the optimal approach. Our optimized circuits are synthesized, placed, and routed using state-of-the-art industrial EDA tools. The reduction of register leads to 31% and 23% decrease in rising and falling clock skews, respectively. Moreover, the benchmark circuits have 7% less total wirelength with a 4% power reduction on average.
Biodegradable citrate-based polyesters with S-nitrosothiol functional groups for nitric oxide release

Nitric oxide (NO) is a biologically-active free radical involved in numerous physiological processes such as regulation of vasodilation, promotion of cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and modulation of the inflammatory and immune responses. Furthermore, NO has demonstrated the ability to mitigate the foreign body response that often results in the failure of implanted biomedical devices. Although NO has promising therapeutic value, the short physiological half-life of exogenous NO complicates its effective delivery. For this reason, the development of NO-releasing materials that permit the localized delivery of NO is an advantageous method of utilizing this molecule for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of biodegradable NO-releasing polyesters prepared from citric acid, maleic acid, and 1,8-octanediol. NO release was achieved by incorporation of S-nitrosothiol donor groups through conjugation of cysteamine and ethyl cysteinate to the polyesters, followed by S-nitrosation with tert-butyl nitrite. The extent of NO loading and the release properties under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 PBS, 37 °C) were determined by chemiluminesence-based NO detection. The average total NO content of poly(citric-co-maleic acid-co-1,8-octanediol)-cysteamine was determined to be 0.45 ± 0.07 mol NO g−1 polymer, while the NO content for poly(citric-co-maleic acid-co-1,8-octanediol)-ethyl cysteinate was 0.16 ± 0.04 mol NO g−1 polymer. Continuous NO release under physiological conditions was observed for at least 6 days for the cysteamine analog and 4 days for the ethyl cysteinate analog. Cell viability assays and morphological studies with human dermal fibroblasts indicated an absence of toxic leachates at a cytotoxic level, and suggested that these citrate-based polyesters may be suitable for future biomedical applications.
How People Change with and without Therapy

New situations require new behaviors. New roles require change in ways of relating to others. Sometimes the change is made easily, sometimes it seems impossible to change. Sometimes people manage to change on their own or with the help of friends. Sometimes people need psychotherapy before they are able to change. How people make behavioral and attitudinal changes in or out of psychotherapy is the subject of this chapter. We will approach this goal by melding insights from the interpersonal view of psychoanalysis with the theoretical constructs of social psychology.
Examination of sex and minocycline treatment on acute morphine-induced analgesia and inflammatory gene expression along the pain pathway in Sprague–Dawley rats

In addition to its classical effects on opioid receptors, morphine can activate glia and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory immune molecules which in turn counteract the analgesic properties of morphine. We hypothesized that decreased morphine analgesia in females may be the result of exaggerated microglial activation in brain regions critical for analgesia. Male and female rats were treated with morphine and/or minocycline and morphine analgesia was examined using the hot plate. We also examined the expression of microglial and astrocyte markers in the pain pathway. Males treated with minocycline, a microglial inhibitor, exhibited a significant increase in acute morphine analgesia as previously shown; however, morphine analgesia was not affected by minocycline pretreatment in female rats. Minocycline decreased the expression of glial activation markers in the male spinal cord and periaqueductal gray as expected; however, these same molecules were upregulated in the female. These data describe a significant difference between males and females in the behavioral effects following co-administration of morphine and minocycline.
Application of indomethacin as a potentiator of lymphocyte blastogenesis in Brucella abortus exposed cattle

Lymphocytes from Brucella abortus field strain infected, strain 19 vaccinated, non-exposed and field strain infected, but immunologically unresponsive cattle were incubated with B. abortus antigen and indomethacin. There were significant increases (P < 0.005) in the blastogenic responses, as measured by [3H] thymidine uptake, in cultures with indomethacin as compared to cultures without indomethacin. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to B. abortus antigen were potentiated by indomethacin in both B. abortus exposed and non-exposed cultures. However, potentiation of sensitized lymphocyte blastogenic responses by indomethacin was significantly greater (P < 0.005) than that in non-exposed lymphocytes. Additionally, indomethacin significantly potentiated Brucella-induced lymphocyte blastogenic responses in lymphocytes from anergic cattle.
Neonatal and Infantile Acne

Acne vulgaris is a disease that typically affects teenagers but may continue into adulthood in some cases. However, acneiform eruptions can occur in the pediatric population from birth onward. Neonatal acne refers to lesions that develop in the neonatal period, from birth through 4 weeks old. Some consider neonatal acne to be synonymous with neonatal cephalic pustulosis. Infantile acne refers to the acneiform eruption that typically presents in children between 1 month and 1 year old [1]. Making the correct diagnosis can be a challenge, and in some cases the diagnosis of infantile acne is given whenever comedones are clinically present even if the patient is a neonate.
Abstract 2118: Particulate chromate induces persistent DNA double strand breaks resulting in disruption of homologous recombination repair in human lung cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Hexavalent chromium (VI) is a well-documented respiratory toxicant and carcinogen. The most carcinogenic form is the particulates, which produce numerous types of DNA damage including DNA double strand breaks. The aim of this study is to determine the genotoxicity of particulate chromate and investigate cellular responses of repair proteins after chronic exposure. We used zinc chromate as a representative hexavalent chromium compound because it has been shown to be carcinogenic and induce tumors in epidemiology studies and experimental animals. We investigated the DNA double strand break formation using both comet assay and immunofluorescence staining. We exposed cells to zinc chromate for 24, 48, 72 96 and 120 hours and found it induced concentration-dependent increases in DNA double strand breaks by both measures. We further investigated the kinetics of repair protein after chronic zinc chromate exposure. We developed human lung cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged 53BP1 (GFP-53BP1) and generated time-lapse videos of chromate treated cells. We observed residual focal formation of 53BP1 after chronic zinc chromate exposure, which indicate some DNA double strand breaks persist. There are two repair pathways that can be utilized to repair DNA double strand breaks. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is active throughout the cell cycle while homologous recombination (HR) is active in late S and G2 phases. We first investigated the sub-cellular distribution of HR proteins including MRE11, phophorylated ATM and Rad51. We found that the nuclear fraction of HR repair proteins increased in 24 hours indicating HR is active. However, it largely decreased over time. We also observed concentration- and time-dependent decrease in Rad51 foci formation, which strongly suggest that HR is inhibited. Future work will focus on elucidating NHEJ repair pathway and identifying key proteins involved in transitions between two repair pathways. This work was supported by NIEHS grant ES016893 (J.P.W.), cooperative agreement #EP-08-01 through the Maine Space Grant Consortium (J.P.W.) and the Maine Center for Toxicology and Environmental Health at the University of Southern Maine. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2118. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2118
DNA Walker-Regulated Cancer Cell Growth Inhibition

We demonstrate a DNAzyme-based walker system as a controlled oligonucleotide drug AS1411 release platform for breast cancer treatment. In this system, AS1411 strands are released from fuel strands as a walker moves along its carbon nanotube track. The release rate and amount of anticancer oligonucleotides are controlled by the walker operation. With a walker system embedded within the collagen extracellular matrix, we show that this drug release system can be used for in situ cancer cell growth inhibition.
Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena as Applied to Solidification Processing

The current understanding of solidification phenomena is based largely on the differential formulation of the mechanics of the continuum and the associated conservation of mass, energy, species, and momentum equations. Thus, a short introduction to the fundamentals of transport phenomena as applied to solidification is deemed necessary to facilitate engaging in the intricacies of the subject.
Information dissemination in new media: YouTube and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict:

This work examines the ways in which YouTube videos inform audiences about international news, issues, and events. As new media increasingly becomes the public’s primary news source, research has p...
Influence and Suppression of Parasitic Parameters in MW Photovoltaic Inverter Power Circuit

The parasitic parameters equivalent model of MW inverter power circuit is established,the influence on the state of the inverter power circuit is analyzed because of the parasitic parameters.A proper low inductance bus-bar is designed to reduce the parasitic inductance.An integrated design method which could suppress the main circuit parasitic inductance and the problem of over-voltage is brought out.Finally,experiments are carried out according to the proposed design method.The experimental results show that the designed bus-bar can effectively inhibit circuit parasitic inductance and the suppression of over-voltage can effectively improve the security of the device.
EVALUATION AND COMPOUNDED EXPERIMENT OF A FOAMING AGENT

In this paper, we have introduced several main methods for evaluating foaming agents, compounded a few foaming agents which have different properties and measured their performance. When real foam volume (V_r) is more than foam volume(V_t) calculated practically, we think that it has the effect of increasing foam, otherwise it has defoaming effect. According to this criterion, nine groups of compounded system with increasing foam effect and six groups of compounded system with defoaming effect have been chosen.
Combined use of early enteral and parenteral nutrition in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Objective:To observe the role of combined use of early enteral and parenteral nutrition in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods:Fifty-eight cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE)infants were randomly divided into two groups.Early enteral and parenteral nutrition were given in one group(EF TN group)and another groups(control group)was given only with parenteral nutrition.The times of intravenous nutritional suport requirement and hospital stay,and the changes in serum bilirubin,creatinine and T lymphocytes subgroups were observed.Results:The times of intravenous nutritional suport and hospital stay,achieved basic energy were shortened in EFTN group.The levels of serum bilirubin and creatinine,CD4,CD4/CD8 on the day 7 were singnificantly lower than those in control group and were singnificantly higher than those in control group.Conclusion:The combination of early enteral and parenteral nutrition is superior to only use of intravenous nutrition in shortenning the critical course,beginning the oral intake and decreasing the possible injuries from total parenteral nutrition,can positively modulate postsurgical immunosuppressive and decrease mortality rate.
Transformative professional development: cultivating concern with others' thinking as the root of teacher identity

At the university level, science education reform is limited by novice instructors who do not share reformers' educational values. The current challenge is to provide professional development (PD) that will be transformative: rather than merely exposing participants to reform instructional materials, it will change what future instructors believe is worthwhile in science education. Our view is that professional development is most effective when it enriches the intellectual life of teachers and builds taecher identity by cultivating concern with student thinking. In an example of an activity that originates in this perspective, participants interview peers about physics concepts and conduct structured reflections on the interviewing experience. The activity holds promise for improving participants' abilities to listen and to teach effectively, increasing their esteem for the intelligence that teaching requires, and increasing their interest in K-12 physical science teaching as a profession.
Generalizability of Evidence-Based PTSD Psychotherapies to Suicidal Individuals: A Review of the Veterans Administration and Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is strongly associated with suicide. The 2010 Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines for PTSD (VA/DoD CPG) endorse co...
Antibodies as pharmacokinetic and metabolic modifiers of neurotoxicity.

Abuse of psychoactive chemicals can result in neurotoxic effects that are difficult to treat medically. Successful therapy is often hindered by the lack of useful antagonists for many of these chemicals and by the extensive distribution of these chemicals out of the bloodstream. Although there are treatments for opiate addiction and an antagonist for opiate overdose, there are no such medical treatments for most drugs of abuse such as phencyclidine (PCP) and cocaine. Therefore, this chapter focuses on recent advances in immunotherapy which suggest this novel approach could be beneficial in the treatment of drug abuse.
Virus-Induced Demyelination: The Case for Virus(es) in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of man with over 400,000 cases in the United States and over 2.5 million cases worldwide. There are over 64,000 citations in Pubmed dating back as far as 1887. Much has been learned over the past 129 years with a recent burst in therapeutic options (mostly anti-inflammatory) with newer medications in development that are neuroprotective and/or neuroreparative. However, with all these advancements the cause of MS remains elusive. There is a clear interplay of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors that influences both the development and progression of this disorder. This chapter will give a brief overview of the history and pathogenesis of MS with attention to how host immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals contribute to the MS disease process. In addition, we will explore the role of infectious agents in MS as potential “triggers” of disease. Models of virus-induced demyelination will be discussed, with an emphasis on the recent interest in human herpesviruses and the role they may play in MS disease pathogenesis. Although we remain circumspect as to the role of any microbial pathogen in MS, we suggest that only through well-controlled serological, cellular immune, molecular, and animal studies we will be able to identify candidate agents. Ultimately, clinical interventional trials that either target a specific pathogen or class of pathogens will be required to make definitive links between the suspected agent and MS.
Synthesis of Chiral C2-Symmetric Bimetallic Zinc Complexes of Amido-Oxazolinates and Their Application in Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide

A family of new chiral C2 symmetric amido-oxazolinate ligands H2L (1 a-1 d) that are bridged by three different linkers based on m-phenylenediamine, 4-(4’-aminobenzyl)benzenamine, and 1,8-diaminoanthracene have been synthesized in high yields (85-90 %). Treatment of ligands (1 a-1 d) with two equiv. of Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 in dry toluene generated a series of heteroleptic dizinc complexes (L)[ZnN(SiMe3)2]2 (2 a-2 d) and reaction of 1 b with one equiv. of Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 leads to formation of a homoleptic binuclear zinc complex (L)2Zn2 (3 b) in good yield. Complexes 2 a-2 d were found to be effective catalysts for asymmetric alternating copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide (CHO). The catalyst 2 a is more active towards polycarbonate formation (78 % carbonate linkages), while the catalyst 2 d generates highly isotactic poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (86 % of m-centered tetrads).
Interval Estimation of a Normal Process Mean from Rounded Data

Standard statistical methods are based on an implicit assumption that numerical data are exact. But in truth, all real data are rounded to some smallest unit of measure related to the precision of ...
Self-reported vs state-recorded motor vehicle collisions among older community dwelling individuals.

Introduction Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) continue to place an increased burden on both individuals and health care systems. Self-reported and state-recorded police reports are the most common methods for MVC evaluation in epidemiologic studies, with varying degrees of agreement of information when compared in previous studies. The objective of the current study is to address the differences in MVC reporting and provide a more robust measure of the agreement between self-reported and state-recorded MVCs in a community dwelling population of older adults.
On the orbital evolution of supermassive black hole binaries with circumbinary accretion discs

Gaseous circumbinary accretion discs provide a promising mechanism to facilitate the mergers of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. We measure the torques exerted on accreting SMBH binaries, using 2D, isothermal, moving-mesh, viscous hydrodynamical simulations of circumbinary accretion discs. Our computational domain includes the entire inner region of the circumbinary disk with the individual black holes (BHs) included as point masses on the grid and a sink prescription to model accretion onto each BH. The BHs each acquire their own well-resolved accretion discs ("minidiscs"). We explore a range of mass removal rates for the sink prescription removing gas from the central regions of the minidiscs. We find that the torque exerted on the binary is primarily gravitational, and dominated by the gas orbiting close behind and ahead of the individual BHs. The torques from the distorted circumbinary disc farther out and from the direct accretion of angular momentum are subdominant. The torques are sensitive to the sink prescription: slower sinks result in more gas accumulating near the BHs and more negative torques, driving the binary to merger more rapidly. For faster sinks, the torques are less negative and eventually turn positive (for unphysically fast sinks). When the minidiscs are modeled as standard alpha discs, our results are insensitive to the choice of sink radius. Scaling the simulations to a binary orbital period tbin = 1yr and background disc accretion rate Mdot = 0.3MEdd in Eddington units, the binary inspirals on a timescale of 3X10^6 years, irrespective of the SMBH masses. For binaries with total mass <10^7Msun, this is shorter than the inspiral time due to gravitational wave (GW) emission alone, implying that gas discs will have a significant impact on the SMBH binary population and can affect the GW signal for Pulsar Timing Arrays.