cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fish individual-based numerical simulator (FINS): a particle-based model of juvenile salmonid movement and dissolved gas exposure history in the Columbia River basin

This paper describes a numerical model of juvenile salmonid movements in the Columbia and Snake Rivers. The model, called the Fish Individual-based Numerical Simulator or FINS, employs a discrete, particle-based approach to simulate the movements and history of exposure to dissolved gases of individual fish. FINS is linked to a two-dimensional (vertically-averaged) hydrodynamic simulator that quantifies local water velocity, temperature, and dissolved gas levels as a function of river flow rates and dam operations. Simulated gas exposure histories can be input to biological mortality models to predict the effects of various river configurations on fish injury and mortality due to dissolved gas supersaturation. Therefore, FINS serves as a critical linkage between hydrodynamic models of the river system and models of biological effects. FINS model parameters were based on observations of individual fish movements collected using radiotelemetry methods during 1997 and 1998. A quasi-inverse approach was used to decouple fish swimming movements from advection with the local water velocity, allowing inference of time series of non-advective displacements of individual fish from the radiotelemetry data. Statistical analyzes of these displacements confirm that strong temporal correlation of fish swimming behavior persists in some cases over several hours. A correlated random-walk model was employed to simulate the observed behavior, and parameters of the model were estimated that lead to close correspondence between predictions and observations.
On the noniterative multiproduct multiperiod production planning method

Bahl and Zionts [H.C. Bahl, S. Zionts, A noniterative multiproduct multiperiod production planning method, Operations Research Letters 1 (1982) 219-221] formulated a problem for planning multiproduct multiperiod production on a single facility. They developed a column-minima noniterative method and claimed that it gave an optimal solution. We show that the claim is incorrect.
An electrostatic interaction model applied to complexes of sulfur dioxide

Abstract The Buckingham-Fowler electrostatic model has been applied to a number of known weakly bound complexes of SO2 with the objective of predicting the geometries of these complexes. In most of the cases investigated, this relatively simple model has reproduced many features of the angular geometries of the complexes remarkably well, even in cases where the experimental structures were found to be very asymmetric in nature. However, for the butadiene and furan complexes with SO2, the predicted geometries did not resemble the experimental determinations, despite numerous attempts to produce these structures.
Updating the infection risk reduction hierarchy: Preventing transition into injection

Current approaches to prevention of blood-borne infections in injection drug users include referral to drug abuse treatment, access to sterile syringes, bleach disinfection of injection equipment, and education about not sharing equipment. However, rates of some blood-borne infections (e.g., hepatitis C virus) remain elevated among injection drug users, especially early after initiation into injection drug use. With lower infection rates in noninjectors and transition into injection drug use occurring most commonly among these noninjectors, prevention of transition into injection drug use as an additional step to reduce risk for acquisition and transmission of blood-borne infections merits closer attention.
A reduced circuit library design system

A reduced circuit library using triple-level metal CMOS consisting of nine primitive logic circuits and five latch kernels is proposed for a gate array library. A grouping program has been written to combine these circuits automatically into complex functions which are then hierarchically placed and wired to achieve the density and performance of a more complex library. This approach provides a set of complex functions which is optimized for each specific application while reducing the resource needed for library development and maintenance. >
Rapid Oxidation of Polyester/ Cellulosic Fiber Blends in Air

The rapid oxidation of polyester/cellulosic fiber blends and of 100% polyester, cotton, and viscose rayon in air was studied and characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study focuses on the nature of the exotherm that occurs following melting of the polyester component in polyester-rich fiber blends and is attributed to oxidation of the polyester component
The Water-Filling Game in Fading Multiple-Access Channels

A game-theoretic framework is developed to design and analyze the resource allocation algorithms in fading multiple-access channels (MACs), where the users are assumed to be selfish, rational, and limited by average power constraints. The maximum sum-rate point on the boundary of the MAC capacity region is shown to be the unique Nash equilibrium of the corresponding water-filling game. This result sheds a new light on the opportunistic communication principle. The base station is then introduced as a player interested in maximizing a weighted sum of the individual rates. A Stackelberg formulation is proposed in which the base station is the designated game leader. In this setup, the base station announces first its strategy defined as the decoding order of the different users, in the successive cancellation receiver, as a function of the channel state. In the second stage, the users compete conditioned on this particular decoding strategy. This formulation is shown to be able to achieve all the corner points of the capacity region, in addition to the maximum sum-rate point. On the negative side, it is shown that there does not exist a base station strategy in this formulation that achieves the rest of the boundary points. To overcome this limitation, a repeated game approach, which achieves the capacity region of the fading MAC, is presented. Finally, the study is extended to vector channels highlighting interesting differences between this scenario and the scalar channel case.
Reliability and validity of a novel muscle contusion device.

Abstract Context: Many models have been employed to replicate skeletal muscle injury associated with trauma; however, most are restricted to 1 level of severity. Objective: To create and validate an injury-producing device that could generate multiple levels of injury severity. Design: Validation study. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-six male Wistar rats, 3 to 4 months old. Intervention(s): A contusion device was developed and its ability to deliver consistent impacts was validated alone and in the presence of an experimental animal. A free-falling mass (267 g) was adjusted to the desired height (40, 50, 60, or 70 cm) and then dropped. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak load, peak displacement, impulse, energy, and velocity peak were measured. Injury severity was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Outcome measures observed from the device alone were different by height (F18,136 = 21.807, P < .001, 1−β = 1.0). Outcomes using the experimental animals were also dependent on height (...
Lattice CELP for low bit rate speech coding

Proposes a CELP coder based on lattice codebooks to achieve toll quality speech at low bit rates. The new CELP coder allocates more bits for the codebook index allowing for larger codebooks which provide better speech quality as quantization levels increase. To allocate more bits for the codebook index the authors use backward adaptation to update a 10-th order LPC predictor. The LPC coefficients are computed using a modified Barnwell recursive window and the autocorrelation method of LPC analysis. A three tap pitch predictor is used for pitch synthesis. Spherical lattice codebooks have a regular structure which is exploited to greatly improve the efficiency of the search algorithm and because of the regular structure the excitation codebook need not be stored at the transmitter or the receiver. Speech frames of 20 msec and 160 samples are encoded at a bit rate of 4 kbps and the speech quality is studied and results compared with the LBG and the Gaussian codebooks. >
Nuclear Waste Transport and Residential Property Values: Estimating the Effects of Perceived Risks

Abstract Spent nuclear fuel shipments have raised concerns that property values along the shipment route will be reduced due to the real or perceived risks from the shipments. While prior research has identified property value losses associated with proximity to certain environmental disamenities, findings on the effects of nuclear facilities is ambiguous and virtually no research has focused on the effects of transitory nuclear waste shipments. The initiation of radioactive waste shipments to New Mexico, and the prospect of shipments of high-level nuclear waste from across the U.S. to Nevada, make consideration of possible property value impacts of substantial concern for federal policymakers. This study employs data on 9432 real estate transactions in South Carolina to model the effects of a series of highly publicized shipments of spent nuclear fuel to a storage facility at the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site. Using a model that corrects for spatial autocorrelation, we obtain results with important implications for the kinds of effects that nuclear waste shipments may have on property values. In areas with lower risk perception and more experience with nuclear materials management, we find that the shipments did not affect property values. In more populous urban areas, property values appear to have been lowered in a substantive manner. Limitations in the data leave uncertainties, however, which must be addressed in future research.
Gifted Children with Learning Disabilities: A Review of the Issues

Many people have difficulty comprehending that a child can be gifted and also have learning disabilities. As a result, children with special needs that result from both their high abilities and their learning problems are rarely identified and are often poorly served. This article explores the current policies and practices with regard to defining, identifying, and educating this population. Recommendations are included that would help ensure that students who are gifted and have learning disabilities receive the intervention needed to help them achieve their full potential.
Peroxidase Antimicrobial System of Human Saliva: Hypothiocyanite Levels in Resting and Stimulated Saliva

The antimicrobial oxidizing agent hypothiocyanite ion (OSCN-) was measured in resting (drooling) and stimulated (expectorated) whole saliva. Stimulation of the saliva flow rate resulted in a rapid decrease in OSCN- concentration, whereas the thiocyanate ion (SCN—) concentration and peroxidase activity were increased. The decrease in OSCN — levels was greater than could be accounted for by dilution of the whole saliva volume. Assuming that the antimicrobial activity of the salivary peroxidase system is proportional to OSCN- concentration, this system may be more effective in resting saliva than in stimulated saliva.
Lake Elsinore Disaster - the Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune

A case study of a flood which occurred at Lake Elsinore, California, February, 1980, focuses upon the assistance which the community received during both the flood and recovery periods. Relevant literature on disaster research is examined, including a model of disaster recovery, and the study places the events which occurred din Lake Elsinore within that recovery model. Implications for policy include the recommendation that decision-makers consider the pre-disaster growth of the community indecisions to support recovery assistance.
Efungumab: A Novel Agent in the Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis:

Objective:To review the use of efungumab as an adjunctive agent in the treatment of invasive candidiasis (IC) and to provide guidance on formulary placement.Data Sources:Searches of MEDLINE (1966–June 2009) and EMBASE (1974–June 2009) were conducted using the terms efungumab, Mycograb, heat shock protein 90, and invasive candidiasis. Other resources included www.clinicaltrials.gov and article bibliographies.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All studies and case reports evaluating efungumab use in IC were included. Literature review was limited to the English language.Data Synthesis:Efungumab is a monoclonal antibody targeted against heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90). It binds to HSP 90, preventing a conformational change needed for fungal viability. In vitro data show that HSP 90 inhibition may decrease resistance against antifungal agents and increase antifungal activity. Efungumab shows activity against Candida spp. when used alone and synergism when combined with fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphoteric...
Development of the Faith Activities in the Home Scale (FAITHS)

This article reports the development of the Faith Activities In The Home Scale (FAITHS). The initial FAITHS measure was improved on and expanded by using qualitative data of two separate samples and then empirically tested on three separate samples. Study 1 comprised two samples totaling 57 highly religious families from New England and California that represented the three major Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) and focused on item development. Qualitative data were used to expand the breadth of survey items and to verify that religious families participate in the activities presented in the scale. The objective of Study 2 was to examine the FAITHS’s reliability and validity using three samples of college students from a Southeastern university. The FAITHS demonstrated adequate validity and reliability. In addition to introducing a needed scale, the current study illustrates the importance of using qualitative data in scale development and improvement.
Least controls for a class of constrained linear stochastic systems

This paper introduces a class of constrained linear stochastic systems. The main objective is to investigate whether there exists a least control, in a sense that it exerts least effort in controlling the system to within a predetermined region. Our approach of finding a least control is: a to characterize a class of functional polyhedral sets of functions which have least elements, and b to construct a least-control process through these least elements. Existence of a least control is established. And the connection between a least control and a solution of the dynamic complementarity problem DCP is also discussed.
Threonine 2609 Phosphorylation of the DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Is a Critical Prerequisite for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Radiation Resistance

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to tumor radioresistance, in part, through interactions with the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PKcs), a key enzyme in the non homologous end joining DNA repair pathway. We previously demonstrated that EGFR-DNA-PKcs interactions are significantly compromised in the context of activating mutations in EGFR in non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and human bronchial epithelial cells. Here, we investigate the reciprocal relationship between phosphorylation status of DNA-PKcs and EGFR-mediated radiation response. The data reveal that both the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs and radiation-induced phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs by the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) kinase are critical prerequisites for EGFR-mediated radioresponse. Alanine substitutions at 7 key serine/threonine residues in DNA-PKcs or inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7441 completely abrogated EGFR-mediated radioresponse and blocked EGFR binding. ATM-deficiency or ATM inhibition with KU55933 produced a similar effect. Importantly, alanine substitution at an ATM-dependent DNA-PKcs phosphorylation site, T2609, was sufficient to block binding or radioresponse of EGFR. However, mutation of a DNA-PKcs auto-phosphorylation site, S2056 had no such effect indicating that DNA-PKcs auto-phosphorylation is not necessary for EGFR-mediated radioresponse. Our data reveal that in both NSCLCs and HBECs, activating mutations in EGFR specifically abolished the DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at T2609, but not S2056. Our study underscores the critical importance of a reciprocal relationship between DNA-PKcs phosphorylation and EGFR mediated radiation response and elucidates mechanisms underlying mutant EGFR associated radiosensitivity in NSCLCs.
Physically large displays improve path integration in 3D virtual navigation tasks

Previous results have shown that users perform better on spatial orientation tasks involving static 2D scenes when working on physically large displays as compared to small ones. This was found to be true even when the displays presented the same images at equivalent visual angles. Further investigation has suggested that large displays may provide a greater sense of presence, which biases users into adopting more efficient strategies to perform tasks. In this work, we extend those findings, demonstrating that users are more effective at performing 3D virtual navigation tasks on large displays. We also show that even though interacting with the environment affects performance, effects induced by interactivity are independent of those induced by physical display size. Together, these findings allow us to derive guidelines for the design and presentation of interactive 3D environments on physically large displays.
Exponential navigation functions with a learning algorithm

This paper suggests a method for autonomous wheeled mobile robots navigation under the nonholonomic constraint. The suggested method uses navigation functions that are based on the polar kinematics equations, where the steering angle and the orientation angle of the robot are included in an exponential function of the line of sight angle. Another control law is suggested for the robot's linear velocity to drive the robot to a desired position with a desired final orientation angle. The exponential navigation functions depend on various navigation parameters that allow to change the robot's path. This approach is combined with the collision cone technique to avoid collision. A Q-learning algorithm is suggested to select automatically the appropriate values of the navigation parameters. Simulation is used to illustrate the method.
Geometrical relations of the cleavage stimulus in invertebrate eggs.

Abstract Before cytokinesis, the mitotic apparatus apparently provides a stimulus that affects certain parts of the cell surface and determines the position of the cleavage furrow. An understanding of the pattern of stimulation will help to elucidate other activities involved in the division process. Since different hypothetical physical mechanisms that could accomplish cytokinesis require different stimulus patterns, the form of the stimulus pattern becomes a basis for judgement of alternative physical mechanisms. It is assumed that stimulated surface regions undergo changes in physical properties or activities that culminate in cleavage; unstimulated regions retain qualities characteristic of the entire surface before functional differentiation. The asters are the only parts of the mitotic apparatus required for normal stimulation. Two possible stimulus patterns are considered: polar stimulation in which the position of the furrow is determined by absence of stimulus and the poles are stimulated, and equatorial stimulation in which the presumptive furrow is stimulated and the poles are unstimulated. Experimental results indicate that the position of the furrow is not determined by absence of stimulus, leaving the alternative of positive stimulation in the presumptive furrow region. It is possible that equatorial stimulation may be accomplished by additive activity of the asters which could occur in their zone of confluence. This zone of astral confluence coincides with the future plane of cleavage. Several possibilities concerning the nature of the cleavage stimulus are described.
Teaching mothers to provide home treatment of malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia: a randomised trial.

Summary Background No satisfactory strategy for reducing high child mortality from malaria has yet been established in tropical Africa. We compared the effect on under-5 mortality of teaching mothers to promptly provide antimalarials to their sick children at home, with the present community health worker approach. Methods Of 37 tabias (cluster of villages) in two districts with hyperendemic to holoendemic malaria, tabias reported to have the highest malaria morbidity were selected. A census was done which included a maternity history to determine under-5 mortality. Tabias (population 70 506) were paired according to under-5 mortality rates. One tabia from each pair was allocated by random number to an intervention group and the other was allocated to the control group. In the intervention tabias, mother coordinators were trained to teach other local mothers to recognise symptoms of malaria in their children and to promptly give chloroquine. In both intervention and control tabias, all births and deaths of under-5s were recorded monthly. Findings From January to December 1997, 190 of 6383 (29·8 per 1000) children under-5 died in the intervention tabias compared with 366 of 7294 (50·2 per 1000) in the control tabias. Under-5 mortality was reduced by 40% in the intervention localities (95% Cl from 29·2–50·6; paired t test, p Interpretation A major reduction in under-5 mortality can be achieved in holoendemic malaria areas through training local mother coordinators to teach mothers to give under-5 children antimalarial drugs.
Constant-modulus partially correlated signal design for uniform linear and rectangular MIMO radar arrays

A method for generating partially correlated signals that result in arbitrary rectangular transmit beampatterns in a MIMO radar system is described. These signals are computed using frequency-offset complex exponentials (1-D) or Kronecker products of frequency-offset complex exponentials (2-D), followed by pointwise multiplication of the transmit signal vectors by a scalar pseudo-noise spreading sequence. Except for the spreading sequence, which can be pre-computed, the signals are given in closed form and thus require no numerical optimization. The transmit beampattern shape is controlled by one scalar parameter in 1-D and two scalar parameters in 2-D. The transmit beampattern is the convolution of a rectangle with a sincsquared function in 1-D, and the separable product of such functions in 2-D. The signals are constant-modulus, have desirable temporal autocorrelation properties, and are simple to compute.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with methazolamide treatment reported in two Japanese-American women

Background: Systemic acetazolamide treatment has been reported in association with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). This is the first report of this syndrome associated with methazolamide treatment. The association is reported in two Japanese-American women. Method and Results: Two patients with SJS, which developed during treatment with methazolamide, are described. Other potential associations are discussed. Conclusions: Systemically administered carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, including both acetazolamide and methazolamide, can be associated with SJS.
Prediction of health patterns from general appraisal, attributions, coping, and trait anxiety

We examined the relationships among general appraisal style, attributional style, trait anxiety, coping styles, and health status (i.e., depression, hostility, and flu-like symptoms) in a study for which we also examined the validity of a trait measure of general appraisal. Participants completed personality measures at the beginning of an academic semester, and health assessments at regular intervals throughout the semester. Consistent with our predictions, after removing the influence of neuroticism and attributional style, general appraisal style led to more negative, and less positive affect 2 weeks later, and to more stressful and threatening appraisals of a life event occurring 3 months later. Multiple regression techniques showed that as predicted, after controlling for baseline health general appraisal style and attributional style predicted hostility and flu-like symptoms, and attributional style also predicted depression. These effects were mediated by trait anxiety. We discuss why both negative general appraisal and attributional styles may be risk factors for ill health.
Binding of 3-phosphoglycerate leads to both activation and stabilisation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase from apple leaves.

Apple leaf ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was purified 1436-fold to apparent homogeneity with a specific activity of 58.9 units mg–1. The enzyme was activated by 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) and inhibited by inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the ADPG synthesis direction. In the pyrophosphorolytic direction, however, high concentrations of PGA (> 2.5 mm) inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme was resistant to thermal inactivation with a T0.5 (temperature at which 50% of the enzyme activity is lost after 5 min incubation) of 52°C. Incubation with 2 mm PGA or 2 mm Pi increased T0.5 to 68°C. Incubation with 2 mm dithiothreitol (DTT) decreased T0.5 to 42°C, whereas inclusion of 2 mm PGA in the DTT incubation maintained T0.5 at 52°C. DTT-induced decrease in thermal stability was accompanied by monomerisation of the small subunits. Presence of PGA in the DTT incubation did not alter the monomerisation of the small subunits of the enzyme induced by DTT. These findings indicate that binding of PGA renders apple leaf AGPase with a conformation that is not only more efficient in catalysis but also more stable to heat treatment. The physiological significance of the protective effect of PGA on thermal inactivation of AGPase is discussed.
Trends in Urology Residents' Exposure to Operative Urotrauma: A Survey of Residency Program Directors

Objective To determine longitudinal trends in resident exposure to urotrauma and to assess whether presence of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeon (GURS) faculty has impacted exposure and career choice. Methods An identical, 31-question multiple-choice survey was sent to program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited urology residency programs in 2006 and 2013. The areas of focus included program demographics, extent of urotrauma exposure, program director perceptions regarding educational value of urotrauma, and impact of GURS fellowship trained faculty. Responses were de-identified, compiled, and compared for differences. Results Response rates were 57% (64/112) and 43% (53/123) for the 2006 and 2013 survey, respectively ( P = .03). Trauma Level 1 designation (56/64 [89%] vs 44/53 [88%], P = .84) and presence of GURS faculty (22/64 [34%] vs 22/53 [43%], P = .43) were similar between survey periods. Although survey respondents felt urotrauma volume had remained constant (34/64 [53%] vs 30/53 [56%], P = .71), more recent respondents reported that conservative management strategies negatively impacted resident exposure (14/64 [22%] vs 23/53 [43%], P = .01). Residencies with GURS faculty in 2013 (22/53, 42%) were positively associated with residents publishing urotrauma literature (9/22 [41%] vs 4/31 [13%], P = .02), the presence of multidisciplinary trauma and urology conferences (3/22 [14%] vs 0/31 [0%], P = .03), and residents matriculating to GURS fellowships (15/22 [68%] vs 10/31 [32%], P = .009). Conclusion Many contemporary urology residencies report poor resident exposure to urotrauma during training. Although presence of GURS faculty may influence resident career choice, additional strategies may be warranted to expose residents to urotrauma during training.
Recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer after optimized surgery

Recurrence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) after optimized surgery requires a full understanding of the disease, especially as it has changed in the last 15 years, what comprises optimized surgery, and the different types and implications of disease relapse that can be encountered. PTC has evolved to tumors that are much smaller than previously seen, largely due to various high quality imaging studies obtained for different reasons, but serendipitously identifying thyroid nodules that prove to be papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMC). With rare exception, these cancers are cured by conservative surgery without additional therapy, and seldom result in recurrent disease. PTC is highly curable in 85% of cases because of its rather innocent biologic behavior. Therefore, the shift in emphasis from disease survival to recurrence is appropriate. As a result of three technologic advances—high-resolution ultrasound (US), recombinant TSH, and highly sensitive thyroglobulin (Tg)—disease relapse can be discovered when it is subclinical. Endocrinologists who largely control administration of radioactive iodine have used it to ablate barely detectable or even biochemically apparent disease, hoping to reduce recurrence and perhaps improve survival. Surgeons, in response to this new intense postoperative surveillance that has uncovered very small volume disease, have responded by utilizing US preoperatively to image this disease, and incorporated varying degrees of lymphadenectomy into their initial treatment algorithm. Bilateral thyroid resection— either total or near-total thyroidectomy—remains the standard for PTC >1 cm, although recent data has reemphasized the value of unilateral lobectomy in treating even some PTC measuring 1-4 cm. Therapeutic lymphadenectomy has universal approval, but when lymph nodes in the central neck are not worrisome to the surgeon’s intraoperative assessment, although that judgment in incorrect up to 50%, whether they should be excised has reached a central point of controversy. Disease relapse can occur individually or in combination of three different forms: lymph node metastasis (LNM), true soft tissue local recurrence, and distant disease. The latter two are worrisome for potentially life-threatening consequences whereas nodal metastases are often persistent from the initial operation, and mostly comprise a biologic nuisance rather than virulent disease. A moderate surgical approach of bilateral thyroid resection, with usual central neck nodal clearance, and lateral internal jugular lymphadenectomy for node-positive disease can be performed safely, and with about a 5% recurrence rate.
Life After Bariatric Surgery: Perceptions of Male Patients and Their Intimate Relationships

This study explores the experiences of 20 men who have had bariatric surgery, focusing on their couple or marital relationships. The researcher concentrates on men's perspectives regarding relationship satisfaction, sexual intimacy, and social support after surgical intervention. Phenomenology and family systems theory were used to guide the study from which emerged three themes: (a) Unintended consequences (unpredicted problems occurring within intimate relationships); (b) Intimacy as bittersweet (experiencing increasing levels of intimacy, while still desiring more); and (c) Inconsistent social support (experiencing instances where social support is provided, while simultaneously experiencing other areas where social support is not provided). The study includes a rich description of the data, critical analysis, and discussion of clinical implications for therapists and other healthcare professionals.
Untying Knotted DNA with Elongational Flows

We present Brownian dynamics simulations of initially knotted double-stranded DNA molecules untying in elongational flows. We show that the motions of the knots are governed by a diffusion–convection equation by deriving scalings that collapse the simulation data. When being convected, all knots displace nonaffinely, and their rates of translation along the chain are topologically dictated. We discover that torus knots “corkscrew” when driven by flow, whereas nontorus knots do not. We show that a simple mechanism can explain a coupling between this rotation and the translation of a knot, explaining observed differences in knot translation rates. These types of knots are encountered in nanoscale manipulation of DNA, occur in biology at multiple length scales (DNA to umbilical cords), and are ubiquitous in daily life (e.g., hair). These results may have a broad impact on manipulations of such knots via flows, with applications to genomic sequencing and polymer processing.
Embryology of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), to the blastoderm stage.

Serial sections of dechorionated eggs were used to study the early embryology of the house fly, Musca domestica L. The processes at 26.5°C were found not to differ essentially from those of other Diptera. Cleavage began between oviposition and 12½ minutes and continued until the cellular blastoderm was formed at between 2 and 2½ hours. In the first hour, the average rate of cleavage was 8 minutes (±5 minutes), and cleavage was synchronous until the nuclei became densely packed at the periphery. Then, an anterior-to-posterior gradient of mitosis appeared until division temporarily ceased. The cleavage nuclei were first located centrally in the anterior third of the egg, but as development proceeded, they became more evenly distributed longitudinally and away from the center, finally entering the periplasm simultaneously. Primary vitellophages, which concentrated linearly in the center of the egg, were left behind. A few secondary vitellophages appeared at the posterior pole. Pole cells were formed, but no accurate counts could be made.
Simulation research of voltage source rectifier based on switching function

By analyzing the double-loop control algorithm of three-phase voltage source rectifier,the main circuit topology,double-loop control configuration and system of MATLAB are modeled.The static and dynamic performance of the system are also simulated.The results of simulation verify the correctness of this model.At the same time,these indicate that the disadvantages and shortcomings when the voltage source rectifier is simulated by other simulation tools or methods can be overcome by the model of MATLAB based on switching function.
Linezolid (II): Hyper and Hot

This case discusses the pharmacodynamic interaction between linezolid and meperidine, resulting in serotonin syndrome.
When Flood Probabilities are Unknown: The Bayesian Approach

When the flood intensity parameter µ is not known with certainty, we cannot directly apply the results derived in the previous two chapters because they depend on the value of µ. In this chapter, therefore, we need to develop an adaptive policy, which takes best advantage of whatever knowledge about the flood process is available. In fact, it is usually the case that we do not know the value of µ with certainty. Floods are often such infrequent events that it takes a long time to develop a statistically reliable estimate of the probability of larger floods. For most areas of the United States accurate records of floods have been kept for less than a hundred years. This is a very short sample to use to predict a flood of the size which comes every fifty or hundred years on the average. Generally, we do not know the probability distribution of the inter-flood intervals of major floods. Hydrologists, however, are willing to make assumptions about the form of this probability distribution. Using the assumed form of the distribution they estimate values for the parameters of the distribution, based on the available statistical evidence. For the reasons discussed in Chapter 1 we shall continue to assume that the flood process behaves as if it were a Poisson process. Then it is necessary to estimate only one parameter--µ.
STATES FAILURE TO ANSWER TO CIVIL SOCIETY DEMANDS

On analyzing law and economics we consider that it is either embryonic or nonexistent in some developing countries as in Latin America. How to bring to the fore civil-law jurisdictions in particular, especially when it concerns to legal problems that range from the different structure of legal education, employment and cultural assets? This paper challenges this view by documenting and explaining the States failure to give answers to growing protests of the organized civil society in Brazil. Protests started with the inauguration of the Soccer Stadiums in 2013 and continued up to 2016. These movements have shaken up the political power which inertia is criticized by the young generation. The movement, also known as the Brazilian Spring, advocates for free public transportation, protest against increases in bus, train, and metro ticket prices in some Brazilian cities, but grew to include other issues such as high corruption on the government, in fact a crisis of representative democracy. Analytical emphasis is put on the contemporary Brazilian foreign policy, its political context, contemporary aspirations and the patterns of its engagement in several economic blocs, political alliances, the environmental protection of the Amazon, as well as questions concerned to employment, violence, defense and security.
Laboratory Medicine in Pain Management: Evolution to Guidelines - Defining a Standard of Care.

It was in 1965 that Drs. Ron Malzack and Patrick Wall published the “gate control theory” of pain in Science (1). This theory of chronic pain speculated that neural gates in the spinal cord could be made to open or close by signals …
You Can't Lock the Doors! Are Lenders Powerless to Stop Zombie Properties in Lien Theory States?

In Jordan v. Nationstar Mortgage, the Washington Supreme Court effectively eliminated a lender’s ability to change the lock on a house after a borrower has defaulted on a loan – even to secure and protect the lender’s interest in the property – regardless of whether such limited entry is contractually permissible or whether the property is vacant. The case represents “a significant development in the law of Washington,” and may reverberate to the many states with lien theory statutes like Washington’s. Jordan may have the unintended consequence of harming lenders, borrowers and neighborhoods by furthering blight, increasing crime, devaluing property and preventing lenders from maintaining vacant and deteriorating homes. This article analyzes the Jordan case, and looks at how other jurisdictions handle vacant houses in default. Ultimately, the author rejects the court’s reasoning, generally agrees with the dissent’s analysis and advocates for legislative fixes that leave defaulting property owners the right to possess their property after default and prior to foreclosure, while allowing the lender to protect its interest in vacated property and to curb the proliferation of zombie properties.
Coded distributed computing for inverse problems

Computationally intensive distributed and parallel computing is often bottlenecked by a small set of slow workers known as stragglers. In this paper, we utilize the emerging idea of "coded computation" to design a novel error-correcting-code inspired technique for solving linear inverse problems under specific iterative methods in a parallelized implementation affected by stragglers. Example machine-learning applications include inverse problems such as personalized PageRank and sampling on graphs. We provably show that our coded-computation technique can reduce the mean-squared error under a computational deadline constraint. In fact, the ratio of mean-squared error of replication-based and coded techniques diverges to infinity as the deadline increases. Our experiments for personalized PageRank performed on real systems and real social networks show that this ratio can be as large as 104. Further, unlike coded-computation techniques proposed thus far, our strategy combines outputs of all workers, including the stragglers, to produce more accurate estimates at the computational deadline. This also ensures that the accuracy degrades "gracefully" in the event that the number of stragglers is large.
Advancing reverse Monte Carlo structure refinements to the nanoscale

Over the past decade, the RMCProfile software package has evolved into a powerful computational framework for atomistic structural refinements using a reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) algorithm and multiple types of experimental data. However, realizing the full potential of this method, which can provide a consistent description of atomic arrangements over several length scales, requires a computational speed much higher than that permitted by the current software. This problem has been addressed via substantial optimization and development of RMCProfile, including the introduction of the new parallel-chains RMC algorithm. The computing speed of this software has been increased by nearly two orders of magnitude, as demonstrated using the refinements of a simulated structure with two distinct correlation lengths for the atomic displacements. The new developments provide a path for achieving even faster performance as more advanced computing hardware becomes available. This version of RMCProfile permits refinements of atomic configurations of the order of 500 000 atoms (compared to the current limit of 20 000), which sample interatomic distances up to 10 nm (versus 3 nm currently). Accurate, computationally efficient corrections of the calculated X-ray and neutron total scattering data have been developed to account for the effects of instrumental resolution. These corrections are applied in both reciprocal and real spaces, thereby enabling RMC fitting of an atomic pair distribution function, which is obtained as the Fourier transform of the total-scattering intensity, over the entire nanoscale distance range accessible experimentally.
The Role of WorldCat in Resources Sharing in The New Dynamics and Economics of Collection Development, Pt. 1

The 30 th anniversary of WorldCat was celebrated in 2001. At that time, there were 45 million records with over 750 million location listings, spanning over 4,000 years of recorded knowledge in 377 languages. In the anniversary year, a bibliometric study was begun under the auspices of an OCLC/ALISE research grant. A 10% systematic random sample of the database was analyzed utilizing the OCLC iCAS software to profile the monographic contents of WorldCat by type of library, subject and language parameters. The profile reveals the extent of global publication made accessible through the OCLC international network. Several findings of the study can be examined as possible barriers to successful cooperation in collection development and resource sharing. One of the major problems analyzed in the study is the timeliness in the availability of bibliographic records for current publications. This paper explores the feasibility of using WorldCat as a cooperative collection development tool as well as additional measures which might be derived from analyzing bibliographic records. The results can be used to stimulate discussion on the role of WorldCat as an international resource on the universe of publication available for research and resource sharing worldwide.
The Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi

The nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is one of three nuclei found in mammals which have been collectively studied and referred to in the literature as the perihypoglossal nuclei because they surround the hypoglossal nucleus (Brodai, 1952 and 1954; Torvik and Brodai, 1954; Marburg, 1931; and Jermulowicz, 1934). The other two nuclei in the perihypoglossal complex are the nucleus of Roller and the nucleus intercalatus of Staderini. The normal morphological features of the perihypoglossal nuclei have been described in serial transverse sections by Brodai (1952) and Fig. 1 has been reproduced from his original study in the cat.
Successful treatment of metastatic congenital intraocular medulloepithelioma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, enucleation and superficial parotidectomy.

Purpose To report a case of metastatic intraocular medulloepithelioma successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, superficial parotidectomy, and enucleation. Observations A 5-year-old male with history of cataract surgery, glaucoma drainage device, endocyclophotocoagulation, scleral patch grafting, and chronic posterior "inflammation" in a blind left eye presented with a rapidly enlarging painful mass under the left upper eyelid. Biopsy of the conjunctival mass and fine needle aspiration of an enlarged preauricular lymph node revealed medulloepithelioma, which was also seen in the left parotid gland on positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The patient's father refused exenteration, so the patient received 3 cycles of vincristine, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide per a retinoblastoma protocol. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed regression of ocular extension, and an enucleation was performed, histologically confirming the diagnosis of malignant, non-teratoid medulloepithelioma. The child later underwent superficial parotidectomy and received an additional round of chemotherapy. There has been no evidence of recurrence for 9 years. Conclusions and importance There is no standard treatment for metastatic intraocular medulloepithelioma. The neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen used in our patient led to regression of the extrascleral extension of the tumor, allowing for enucleation rather than a more disfiguring exenteration, as well as likely improving his prognosis. We believe that it is reasonable to consider neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with extrascleral and/or metastatic medulloepithelioma.
Modeling Tributary Economies and Hierarchical Polities

Archaeological anthropologists increasingly face, in all our endeavors, the problem of expressing and evaluating our ideas about cultural phenomena, in which participants deal with many impacts from parallel and higher-order entities through the recursive—that is, self-redefining—mechanisms that culture allows. New formal models involving “cultural algorithms” (Reynolds, 1994) provide promising approaches to such problems. Kent Flannery’s magisterial study of early foragers at the cave of Guild Naquitz in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mexico (Flannery, 1986) serves as an inspiration to those seeking to advance theoretical formulations about complex productive and social arrangements.
Cardiac arrest at exercise facilities: implications for placement of automated external defibrillators.

Objectives This study sought to characterize the relative frequency, care, and survival of sudden cardiac arrest in traditional indoor exercise facilities, alternative indoor exercise sites, and other indoor sites. Background Little is known about the relative frequency of sudden cardiac arrest at traditional indoor exercise facilities versus other indoor locations where people engage in exercise or about the survival at these sites in comparison with other indoor locations. Methods We examined every public indoor sudden cardiac arrest in Seattle and King County from 1996 to 2008 and categorized each event as occurring at a traditional exercise center, an alternative exercise site, or a public indoor location not used for exercise. Arrests were further defined by the classification of the site, activity performed, demographics, characteristics of treatment, and survival. For some location types, annualized site incident rates of cardiac arrests were calculated. Results We analyzed 849 arrests, with 52 at traditional centers, 84 at alternative exercise sites, and 713 at sites not associated with exercise. The site incident rates of arrests at indoor tennis facilities, indoor ice arenas, and bowling alleys were higher than at traditional fitness centers. Survival to hospital discharge was greater at exercise sites (56% at traditional and 45% at alternative) than at other public indoor locations (34%; p = 0.001). Conclusions We observed a higher rate of cardiac arrests at some alternative exercise facilities than at traditional exercise sites. Survival was higher at exercise sites than at nonexercise indoor sites. These data have important implications for automated external defibrillator placement.