cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Financial and medical burdens of youth sports specialization - survey of pediatric sports patients.

BACKGROUND The trend towards youth sports specialization has led to increased costs from higher injury rate and from private club fees. The objectives were to characterize the financial and medical burdens of sports specialization with single sport participation or club sports involvement. METHODS An 18-item survey on sports participation and musculoskeletal injury was administered to parents of patients visiting the clinic of a pediatric sports medicine orthopaedic surgeon over a three-month period. Comparisons were made between groups to identify differences in medical and financial burdens. Logistic regressions were performed to evaluate odds ratios for binary outcomes. RESULTS Club athletes were significantly younger than non-club athletes (12.9 ± 3.1 years versus 14.9 ± 2.8 years, p = .0002) with club athletes starting sports at average of 7.2 ± 3.1 years. Club sports participation (adjusted OR 5.88, 95% CI: 1.10, 31.4) and female sex (adjusted OR 3.47, 95% CI: 1.12, 10.74) were significant predictors of spending > $1000 USD on sports annually. Multisport participation (OR 5.72, 95% CI: 1.21, 26.96) and spending > $1000 on sports annually (OR 17.21, 95% CI: 1.49, 199.25) were significant predictors of presenting to clinic for a sports-related injury. Single sport athletes had a higher number of medical appointments for sports injuries (18.6 ± 23.0 versus 9.3 ± 10.0 for multisport, p = .0042). CONCLUSIONS Youth sports specialization is of substantial financial and medical burden to families. This data can help identify areas of intervention to mitigate injury risk and reduce financial barriers to youth sports participation.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility

Data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey shows that racial and ethnic minority groups remain less likely to be eligible for lung cancer screening.
Ultrasound Pressure Estimation for Diagnosing Portal Hypertension in Patients Undergoing Dialysis for Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objectives Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is considered the standard in quantifying portal hypertension, but can be unreliable in dialysis patients. A noninvasive ultrasound technique, subharmonic-aided pressure estimation (SHAPE), may be a valuable surrogate of these pressure estimates. This study compared SHAPE and HVPG with pathology findings for fibrosis in dialysis patients. Methods This was a subgroup study from an IRB-approved trial that included 20 patients on dialysis undergoing SHAPE examinations of portal and hepatic veins using a modified Logiq 9 scanner (GE, Waukesha, WI), during infusion of Sonazoid (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway). SHAPE was compared to HVPG and pathology findings using the Ludwig-Batts scoring system for fibrosis. Logistic regression, ROC analysis, and t-tests were used to compare HVPG and SHAPE with pathological findings of fibrosis. Results Of 20 cases, 5 had HVPG values corresponding to subclinical and clinical portal hypertension (≥6 and ≥10 mmHg, respectively) while 15 had normal HVPG values (≤5 mmHg). SHAPE and HVPG correlated moderately (r = 0.45; P = .047). SHAPE showed a trend toward correlating with fibrosis (r = 0.42; P = .068), while HVPG did not (r = 0.18; P = .45). SHAPE could differentiate between mild (stage 0-1) and moderate to severe (stage 2-4) fibrosis (-10.4 ± 4.9 dB versus -5.4 ± 3.2 dB; P = .035), HVPG could not (3.0 ± 0.6 mmHg versus 4.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; P = .30). ROC curves showed a diagnostic accuracy for SHAPE of 80%, while HVPG reached 76%. Conclusion Liver fibrosis staging in dialysis patients evaluated for portal hypertension appears to be more accurately predicted by SHAPE than by HVPG; albeit in a small sample size.
Air Pollution and Asthma

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease most commonly associated with an eosinophilic (TH2-type) inflammation. Airway pathophysiology of asthma is characterized by intermittent airway bronchoconstriction and mucus hypersecretion with decreased airflow, cough, wheeze and breathlessness. These events are linked to airway hyperresponsiveness, in which airway response to environmental stressors is increased. Environmental exposures are an important factor in asthma genesis. Allergic processes play a defining role in atopic asthma, with allergen exposures linked to disease development. Occupational exposures and chronic exposure to ambient air pollutants and tobacco smoke have been linked to asthma. A common cause of asthma exacerbation is acute exposure to environmental pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, wood smoke, tobacco smoke, and bioaerosols. Pollutant exposure also increased responsiveness to viral infection inhaled allergen. Features that characterize most air pollutants that play a role in asthma are the ability to induce an innate immune response and association with increased oxidative stress. Biological factors and interventions that modulate innate immunity and oxidative stress impact environmental asthma as well. This chapter will outline the effects of a number of pollutants in asthmatics, as well as potential interventions to mitigate the impact of pollutants on asthmatics.
SU‐F‐303‐14: Investigation of a Pelvic Bone Shape Model in Support of Bone Classification for Synthetic CT Generation

Purpose: Most synthetic CT methods require user intervention to aid in bone localization in the pelvis. This study investigates an automated method for identifying bone regions to avoid confounding their classification with that of transient air locations in the pelvis. Methods: The space that encapsulated the pelvic bones and excluded air was modeled as a combination of eigenmodes of a shape atlas. Under IRB-approval, CT data from 20 patients (8 with matching MRI image volumes) were investigated. The atlas was derived from intensity-based deformable alignment of the pelvic CT image volumes. Eigenvectors were calculated via Principle Component Analysis (PCA) of the B-spline coefficients that optimally aligned a randomly selected member of the population to all other members. Eigenmodes of this atlas model were then fit to candidate MR image volumes via a cost function that minimized the mean square error between the deformed atlas MRI and the target MRI image volumes. Using these eigenmodes permitted an efficient search through a very small number of parameters to estimate pelvic shape. The accuracy of pelvic bone identification was tested in the patient population using a leave-one-out cross validation test. Results: Using the first eigenmode only, the percentage of correctly identified bone voxels is 84% with an average computational time of 69 seconds, as compared to 86% when fitting the model to the source CT images by maximizing the percentage of identified bone voxels. Including the second and third eigenmodes to the model results in an improvement that is less than 2%. Dilating the bone-containing space by 5mm improves the overlap with true bone to 96%, while the percentage of air voxels mislabeled as bone remains below 0.6%. Conclusion: Our Result suggests using one leading eigenmode of pelvic bone shape variation achieves a sufficiently accurate model to support atlas-based synthetic CT generation in the pelvis. This work was supported by NIH R01 EB016079
New Approach for Selective Vapor Sensing Using Structurally Colored Self-Assembled Films

We demonstrate that selective sensing of multiple vapors can be accomplished using a structurally colored colloidal crystal film formed from composite core/shell nanospheres and multivariate spectral analysis of vapor response. To improve the detection of color changes of the sensing colloidal crystal film at relatively low vapor partial pressures (P/P 0 ≤ 0.1, where P is the partial pressure of vapor and P 0 is the saturation vapor pressure), we apply a differential spectroscopy measurement approach. The vapor-sensing selectivity is provided by the combination of the composite nature of the colloidal nanospheres in the film with the multivariate analysis of the spectral changes of the film reflectivity upon exposure to different vapors. The multianalyte sensing was demonstrated using a colloidal crystal film composed of 326-nm diameter core polystyrene spheres coated with a 20-nm thick silica shell. Discrimination of water, acetonitrile, toluene, and dichloromethane vapors using a single sensing colloidal crystal film was evaluated applying principal components analysis of the reflectivity spectra.
Predictors of Self-Management Behaviors in Older Adults with Hypertension

The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model of demographic and sociobehavioral characteristics common among older adults with hypertension (HTN) who engage in self-management behavior. A descriptive, correlational predictive design was used to collect data at 14 faith-based and senior citizen organizations in a major urban northeastern city. Participants ranged in age from 63 to 96 with a mean age of 77 (SD 6.9). A 33-item questionnaire was used to gather data on 15 explanatory and 5 outcome variables. Instruments were the Perceived Stress Scale, the Duke Social Support Index, the stage of change for physical activity scale, and the DASH Food Frequency Questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyses were used to test the hypothesis. Results indicate there is a common set of characteristics such as higher stage of change, reading food labels, and higher self-rated health that can predict the older adult's likelihood to engage in hypertension self-management behavior. The significant correlations found in this preliminary study warrant further study and validation. Findings are clinically relevant as knowledge of demographic and sociobehavioral characteristics associated with engagement in self-management behavior enables health care clinicians to support and encourage older adults to improve management of this common, chronic condition.
Conquest in Cyberspace: National Security and Information Warfare

With billions of computers in existence, cyberspace, 'the virtual world created when they are connected,' is said to be the new medium of power. Computer hackers operating from anywhere can enter cyberspace and take control of other people's computers, stealing their information, corrupting their workings, and shutting them down. Modern societies and militaries, both pervaded by computers, are supposedly at risk. As Conquest in Cyberspace explains, however, information systems and information itself are too easily conflated, and persistent mastery over the former is difficult to achieve.
MINI BAJA: Automação e Desenvolvimento de Artefatos

Resumo: Este projeto foi desenvolvido para investigar aspectos interdisciplinares entre a Robotica Educacional e a Engenharia Mecânica. Atraves desta parceria foi possivel melhorar a tecnologia dos artefatos, possibilitando o movimento curvilineo, tendo em vista que ate entao os artefatos so tinham movimento retilineo. Visando maiores mudancas, buscamos atraves do diferencial otimizar a potencia do motor, aliando jogos de engrenagens e uma estrutura de montagem mais complexa. Abstract: This project was developed to investigate interdisciplinary relations between the Educational Robotics and Engineering Mechanics. Through this partnership it was possible to improve the technology of the devices, making possible the curvilinear movement, instead of just improve the rectilinear movement. The project also searches differential resources for optimizing the power of the engine joining gears and a more complex structure of artifact building.
Change in longitudinal profile on three North Cascades glaciers during the last 100 years

Centreline surface elevation longitudinal profiles have been completed for three different points in time from historic photographs (∼1900), US Geological Survey maps (1964 and 1985), and field measurements (annually between 1984 and the present) for three North Cascade glaciers. Comparison of thinning and terminus behaviour over this time period indicates substantial overall volume loss during this century for each glacier. Mean thickness changes along the longitudinal profile of Easton Glacier are losses of 46 m (0.68 m year -1 ) of ice thickness between 1916 and 1984 and 13 m (0.72 m year -1 ) between 1984 and 2002. Its terminus has retreated a net distance of 2123 m. Lower Curtis Glacier lost an average of 45 m (0.60 m year -1 ) thickness from 1908 to 1984 and 6 m (0.33 m year -1 ) from 1984 to 2002, with a net terminus retreat of 522 m. On Columbia Glacier, ice thickness loss was 57 m (0.78 m year -1 ) from 1911 to 1984 and 8 m (0.44 m year -1 ) from 1984 to 2002. The net terminus retreat for Columbia was 640 m. Thickness changes are approximately equal in the accumulation zone of the Columbia and Lower Curtis Glacier during the 20th century and from 1984 to 2002. This suggests that there is no position to which the glacier can retreat and achieve equilibrium. The changes on each glacier, which today average less than 75 m in thickness, represent the loss of 35-50% in their volume since the turn of the century, and 10-15% of this volume since 1984. Their ongoing thinning indicates that these three glaciers will continue to retreat in the foreseeable future, the Columbia Glacier likely disappearing. Long-term monitoring of these glaciers should continue in order to assess the impact on downstream flow, which is utilized for hydropower on Easton and Lower Curtis Glaciers and a salmon hatchery on Columbia Glacier.
The Power of Community

While formally and informally recognized as being central to community action, the research and theoretical literature provide little insight into the processes behind the emergence of community power. When power is explored, it is usually presented in a macro context where a culmination of numerous efforts results in a critical stage leading to a more equitable distribution of power. Far less often is the micro level considered. At the latter level, power is often given only a passing reference as an expected outcome of local empowerment, civic engagement, and capacity-building activities. Generally, it is implied that power naturally emerges from the presence of the latter conditions. An explanation of the processes, mechanisms, and conditions in which community power emerges or fails to emerge remains unstated. To facilitate such an understanding, we seeks to: (1) Explore the ways in which power is conceptualized at the micro level as a component of community development and social change; and (2) prov...
Large Growth Hormone: Evidence for the Association of Growth Hormone with Another Protein Moiety in the Rat Pituitary

Rat pituitary glands were incubated in vitro in the presence of pairs of amino acids labelled with either 3H or 14C in order to compare the relative ratios of leucine, lysine, alanine and serine incorporated into large growth hormone (LGH) with that into small growth hormone (SGH). After separating the two growth hormone moieties on a Sephadex G–200 column, label incorporation was assessed by immunoprecipitation. LGH isotope incorporation ratios differed from those of SGH isotope incorporation except when two different isotopic forms of the same amino acid were used, in which case relative incorporation into the two GH forms was identical. Labelled GH separated from LGH by 4M guanidene contained the same isotope ratios as did SGH. The data suggest that LGH is not a simple aggregate of SGH, but rather it is SGH, or a precursor of GH, associated in the pituitary gland with another simultaneously synthesized protein. The data also indicate that GH released into the medium contains the same amino acid ratio a...
Colocalization of calretinin and calbindin-D28k with oxytocin and vasopressin in rat supraoptic nucleus neurons: A quantitative study

Recent electrophysiological experiments, in which purified calbindin-D28k (calbindin) and calretinin antibodies were diffused into these neurons, showed that Ca2+-dependent membrane potentials and firing patterns were profoundly and predictably affected by Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs). The present study used quantitative analyses of a dual-labeling immunofluorescence method to investigate the colocalization of the CaBPs, calbindin and calretinin in oxytocin (OT)- and (VP)-containing neurons of the supraoptic nucleus. Analyses of tissue immunostained with two different dilutions of each CaBP antibody used, revealed that 84% and 72% of the OT neurons were positive for calbindin immunoreactivity (-ir) at the higher and lower antibody concentrations, respectively. 52% and 50% of OT neurons were positive for calretinin-ir; thus, many OT neurons express both calbindin and calretinin. In contrast, only 25% and 18% of VP neurons showed calbindin-ir, and they were virtually devoid of calretinin-ir. These results provide evidence that CaBP expression in OT neurons is both greater and more diverse than in VP neurons, and are consistent with the hypothesis that Ca2+ buffering capacity contributes to the control of intrinsic firing patterns.
Lurking, Distilling, Exceeding, Vibrating

This paper addresses two main questions: (1) What has theory been doing? and (2) What might theory be doing? The first question is addressed historically, and the second question is addressed imaginatively. In between those two topics, I have inserted a brief interval to raise some sticking points pertaining to the question, “What is properly educational about educational theory?”
Assessing the influence of topography and canopy structure on Douglas fir throughfall with LiDAR and empirical data in the Santa Cruz mountains, USA

Atmospheric inputs to forest ecosystems vary considerably over small spatial scales due to subtle changes in relief and vegetation structure. Relationships between throughfall fluxes (ions that pass through the canopy in water), topographic and canopy characteristics derived from sub-meter resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and field measurements were compared to test the potential utility of LiDAR in empirical models of atmospheric deposition. From October 2012 to May 2013, we measured bulk (primarily wet) deposition and sulfate–S, chloride (Cl−), and nitrate–N fluxes beneath eight clusters of Douglas fir trees differing in size and canopy exposure in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. For all trees sampled, LiDAR data were used to derive canopy surface height, tree height, slope, and canopy curvature, while tree height, diameter (DBH), and leaf area index were measured in the field. Wet season throughfall fluxes to Douglas fir clusters ranged from 1.4 to 3.8 kg S ha−1, 17–54 kg Cl− ha−1, and 0.2–4 kg N ha−1. Throughfall S and Cl− fluxes were highest under clusters with large trees at topographically exposed sites; net fluxes were 2–18-fold greater underneath exposed/large clusters than all other clusters. LiDAR indices of canopy curvature and height were positively correlated with net sulfate–S fluxes, indicating that small-scale canopy surface features captured by LiDAR influence fog and dry deposition. Although tree diameter was more strongly correlated with net sulfate–S throughfall flux, our data suggest that LiDAR data can be related to empirical measurements of throughfall fluxes to generate robust high-resolution models of atmospheric deposition.
Modeling of Trabecular Bone as a Couple Stress Continuum

We model trabecular bone as an idealized periodic structure made of open cubic cells and represent it as a linear elastic couple stress continuum. We find couple stress moduli for such material using displacement and traction boundary conditions. Several different loadings are applied to obtain these couple stress constants: uniaxial extension (or tension), hydrostatic deformation (or pressure), applied curvature (or bending moment), and twist (or torsion).Copyright © 2003 by ASME
FRUIT TRAITS, AND SEED CONSUMPTION BY RODENTS, OF CRESCENTIA ALATA (BIGNONIACEAE) IN SANTA ROSA NATIONAL PARK, COSTA RICA

The pulp in the large hard fruits of Crescentia alata (Bignoniaceae: jicaro) are eaten by horses, surrogate Pleistocene dispersal agents, and the seeds pass through the horse to germinate in dung. I hypothesize that the distribution of jicaro has probably changed dramatically with the introduction of the horse. Two samples of ripe jicaro fruits weighed an average of 210 and 390 g, and contained an average of about 400 and 600 seeds. There was strong variation within and between two trees in the number of seeds per fruit. Mature live seeds weighed an average of 36 and 40 mg, but varied strongly in weight between and within fruits. The seeds were found to be highly edible to a small terrestrial native rodent (Liomys salvini, Heteromyidae) and this rodent avidly harvests the seeds from horse dung but cannot open the hard fruits by itself. The interaction between horses, jicaro fruits, and Liomys mice is probably representative of that which used to occur between Pleistocene megafauna and a number of contemporary Central American trees. CRESCENTIA ALATA (Bignoniaceae) is a conspic­ uous and sometimes common low shrubby tree of pastures, forest edges, and other open areas in the (once) deciduous forested lowlands of Guanacaste Province, on the Pacific coastal plain of northwestern Costa Rica. Its natural distribution appears to be from arid parts of Mexico to central Costa Rica (Standley, 1926; Gentry, 1974, 1976) and it was probably quite local and rare; however, its broad contempo­ rary distribution is clearly a product of the nat­ ural distribution coupled with that generated by C. alata seeds dispersed by range horses (Janzen, 1981a) and by humans growing the trees as garden plants, apparently for the uten­ sil and edible value of the large hard spherical fruits (Fig. 1) (along with Crescentia cujete, a closely related tree with larger fruits and of more narrow natural distribution, cf. Morton, 1968; Mercado, 1975). Crescentia alata, or jicaro in the vernacular, is of importance to studies of tropical animal­ plant interactions because it is a focal species for developing the hypothesis that a number of Central American trees bear fruits that evolved through natural selection by many species of now-extinct Central American Pleis-
Abstract 5121: Differential expression of CC chemokine receptor-9 in prostate cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US. Precise etiology and molecular target to treat prostate cancer is yet to be defined. In recent years, involvement of chemokines and their corresponding receptors in pathogenesis of prostate cancer has gained tremendous attention. We have previously shown that CC chemokines receptor-9 (CCR9) is significantly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal epithelial cells derived from prostate. Furthermore, we have shown higher invasive and migratory potential of prostate cancer cells under the chemotactic gradient of CCL25, the only known natural ligand of CCR9. The aim of this study was to establish the clinical relevance of CCR9 in prostate cancer using tissue micro array (TMA). The TMAs were stained for CCR9 and virtual slides were created using an Aperio ScanScope scanning system to numerically analyze the Immuno-intensity of CCR9. The ScanScope generated true color digital images of each stained sample, which were viewed and analyzed using Aperio ImageScope (version 6.25 software). Our data show higher expression of CCR9 in prostate cancer tissues compared to match benign tissues. Interestingly, CCR9 immuno-intensity was stronger in tissues with Gleason grade 8 and above. This study suggests the potential involvement of CCR9 in pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Rajesh Singh, Pranav Gupta, William E. Grizzle, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. Differential expression of CC chemokine receptor-9 in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5121
The role of perceived corporate social responsibility on providing healthful foods and nutrition information with health-consciousness as a moderator

Abstract As customers become more health conscious and governments create legislation requiring restaurants to provide nutrition information, the restaurant industry can no longer ignore demands for healthful eating environments. This study considers providing healthful food options and nutrition information as strategies for creating healthful eating environments at restaurants, and aims to develop a theoretical explanation of consumer reactions to such actions that incorporates perceived corporate social responsibility. Data were collected using a between-subjects experimental design with scenarios. The results show that customers perceive restaurants to be socially responsible when they are provided with healthful foods and nutrition information; highly health-conscious customers react more strongly to provision of healthful foods than their counterparts. Consequently, customers have favorable attitude toward and high willingness to visit restaurants providing healthful foods and nutrition information. Restaurateurs should consider taking such initiatives to entice more customers and develop a socially responsible image.
The Conductivity of Insulating Oils

The paper describes experiments on the charging current and other associated phenomena in high grade transformer oil. The charging currents remaining after the elimination of the initial transient were studied to within a few hundredths second of application of continuous voltage. Two samples of the same oil obtained at different times differed radically. In one case the charging current fell off from the start, while in the other it remained constant for an appreciable time or even temporarily increased. On reversal of polarity after a long charge the initial current with both specimens was the same as before reversal, but with one a large momentary increase occurred a few seconds later. Evidence is given on the time of recovery of the initial condition. The existence of space charges in the charged oil is shown, and the time of formation of these charges together with the resulting non-uniform distribution of voltage is measured. The importance of the charging current in its early stages is emphasized, since it is the initial conductivity which determines the a-c. loss. In an appendix a theoretical discussion is given on the influence of the space charges. It is shown that at least qualitatively these account for the observed phenomena.
Ninety-Day Outcome Rates of a Prospective Cohort of Consecutive Patients With Mild Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose—Prior studies have shown that patients with mild ischemic stroke have substantial disability rates at hospital discharge. We sought to determine disability rates at 90 days among patients not treated with thrombolytic therapy and explore the role of early neurological worsening. Methods—We reviewed a prospective cohort of 136 consecutive patients with mild deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5) presenting within 24 hours of onset and no baseline disability. Baseline MRIs were performed on all subjects. Five-day MRIs were performed on a prespecified subcohort. Results—Among 136 patients, 40 (29%; 95% CI, 22%–38%) had poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 2–6) at 90 days. Early worsening (4-point National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increase; 25% versus 1%, P 10% on MRI–diffusion-weighted imaging; 79% versus 53%, P=0.02) from baseline to 5 days were more common among those with poor outcome. Conclusions—Patients with...
Nonrelativistic field theory for strong coupling

We study the Hamiltonian for a nonrelativistic nucleon with Yukawa coupling to a scalar meson field. The nucleon self-energy is logarithmically divergent. It is known that one can isolate the divergent part by a canonical transformation, but this technique is feasible only for simple field theories. We study the theory by a systematic strong coupling in inverse powers of the coupling constant e. The leading term in the energy is of order e$sup 4$ and corresponds to classical particlelike solutions. The terms of order e$sup 2$ represent a generalized meson-pair theory. The zero-point energy shift yields the logarithmically divergent energy. The residual Hamiltonian contains scattering resonances, and techniques are developed to study the resonances.
Unit root quantile autoregression testing using covariates

Abstract This paper extends unit root tests based on quantile regression proposed by Koenker and Xiao [Koenker, R., Xiao, Z., 2004. Unit root quantile autoregression inference, Journal of the American Statistical Association 99, 775–787] to allow stationary covariates and a linear time trend. The limiting distribution of the test is a convex combination of Dickey–Fuller and standard normal distributions, with weight determined by the correlation between the equation error and the regression covariates. A simulation experiment is described, illustrating the finite sample performance of the unit root test for several types of distributions. The test based on quantile autoregression turns out to be especially advantageous when innovations are heavy-tailed. An application to the CPI-based real exchange rates using four different countries suggests that real exchange rates are not constant unit root processes.
DETERMINATION OF BLOOD HALOTHANE LEVELS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY.

A method of isolation by distillation of halothane from blood and its subsequent Chromatographic detection and quantitation have been described. The method is simple, rapid, and inexpensive. It lends itself well to incorporation into anaesthetic investigations when blood (and tissue) anaesthetic levels must be obtained In serial manner. The accuracy of the method, based on tests of reproducibility and recovery, is within ±5 per cent. These data are not of a selected nature and represent a testing of the isolation and Chromatographic techniques for quantitative analytical adequacy. Some data obtained from animal experiments are presented. Detailed correlation of these data with cardiovascular and acid-base investigations will appear elsewhere.13
New proofs of a theorem of Komlós

The theorem of Komlds [3] states that from an D-bounded sequence of random variables, a subsequence can be extracted so that every further subsequence converges Ceshro a.s. to the same limit. In the following, this theorem is proved in two new ways. The first proof is classical in nature, using a Kolmogorov-type maxi, real inequality, while the second parallels the argument ~ven by Etemadi [2] in showing the strong law of large numbers for pairwise independent, identically distributed random variables. These are in contrast to the proof given by Komlds which uses martingale difference sequences. We begin with some lemmas similar to those in [3]. Throughout, we are considering a probability space (f2, ~, P). For a>0, denote F,(x)=xI~_, , , j (x) . LEMMA ]. Suppose {X,,} is a sequence of random variables satisfying sup EIX,]<
Advanced oxidation of alkylphenol ethoxylates in aqueous systems.

Abstract Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates are ubiquitous wastewater contaminants. In this study the oxidation of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO) by oxidant systems generating hydroxide radicals was evaluated. The reaction of each oxidant with a technical mixture of NPEO (Tergitol™) and OPEO (Triton X-100™) in ultrapure laboratory water and four aqueous environmental matrices was carried out in order to develop an understanding of reaction kinetics. The oxidation of APEOs was evaluated by hydroxyl radical generated by (1) hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ultraviolet light, (2) Fenton’s reagent, and (3) a photo-Fenton’s process. The second order kinetic rate constant for both NPEO and OPEO with hydroxyl radical was calculated to be 1.1 × 1010 M−1 s−1. The efficacy of the AOPs within an aqueous environmental matrix was dependent on the rate of formation of hydroxyl radical and the scavenging capacity of the matrix. A model based on the hydroxyl radical formation, scavenging capacity and the kinetic rate constant of target APEO was developed from the existing literature and applied to predict the concentration of APEOs in solution during advanced oxidation in different aqueous environmental matrices.
Measuring black-hole parameters and testing general relativity using gravitational-wave data from space-based interferometers.

Among the expected sources of gravitational waves for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is the capture of solar-mass compact stars by massive black holes residing in galactic centers. We construct a simple model for such a capture, in which the compact star moves freely on a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of the massive black hole. We consider the gravitational waves emitted during the late stages of orbital evolution, shortly before the orbiting mass reaches the innermost stable circular orbit. We construct a simple model for the gravitational-wave signal, in which the phasing of the waves plays the dominant role. The signal's behavior depends on a number of parameters, including $\ensuremath{\mu}$, the mass of the orbiting star, $M$, the mass of the central black hole, and $J$, the black hole's angular momentum. We calculate, using our simplified model, and in the limit of large signal-to-noise ratio, the accuracy with which these quantities can be estimated during a gravitational-wave measurement. For concreteness we consider a typical system consisting of a $10{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ black hole orbiting a nonrotating black hole of mass ${10}^{6}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, whose gravitational waves are monitored during an entire year before the orbiting mass reaches the innermost stable circular orbit. Defining $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{\mathrm{cJ}}{G{M}^{2}}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}}{M}$, we find $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\simeq}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\eta}}{\ensuremath{\eta}}\ensuremath{\simeq}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, and $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}M}{M}\ensuremath{\simeq}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$. Here, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ denotes the signal-to-noise ratio associated with the signal and its measurement. That these uncertainties are all much smaller than $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, the signal-to-noise ratio level, is due to the large number of wave cycles received by the detector in the course of one year. These are the main results of this paper. Our simplified model also suggests a method for experimentally testing the strong-field predictions of general relativity.
Policy Complementarities: The Case for Fundamental Labor Market Reform

This paper argues that an important group of labor market policies are complementary in the sense that the effect of each policy is greater when implemented in conjunction with the other policies than in isolation. This may explain why the diverse, piecemeal labor market reforms in many European countries in recent years have had so little success in reducing unemployment. What is required instead is deeper labor market reforms across a broader range of complementary policies and institutions. To be politically feasible, these reforms must be combined with measures to address distributional issues.
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia. The disease and a comparison of treatment modalities.

The clinical manifestations, histology, ultrastructure, and etiology of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia are presented. The relationship to Kimura's disease and pseudopyogenic granuloma is discussed. A comparison of therapeutic modalities is presented and the authors conclude that deep surgical excision is the procedure of choice.
A nonparametric view of generalized covariances for kriging

Fitting trend and error covariance structure iteratively leads to bias in the estimated error variogram. Use of generalized increments overcomes this bias. Certain generalized increments yield difference equations in the variogram which permit graphical checking of the model. These equations extend to the case where errors are intrinsic random functions of order k, k=1, 2, ..., and an unbiased nonparametric graphical approach for investigating the generalized covariance function is developed. Hence, parametric models for the generalized covariance produced by BLUEPACK-3D or other methods may be assessed. Methods are illustrated on a set of coal ash data and a set of soil pH data.
Sculpture Preferences, Craftsmanship, and Aesthetic Sensitivity

(1975). Sculpture Preferences, Craftsmanship, and Aesthetic Sensitivity. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 95, No. 2, pp. 285-286.
Cis- and trans-acting factors involved in centromere function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Summary The function of centromeric DNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied in detail. Twelve of the sixteen S. cerevisiae centromeres have been sequenced to date, and a consensus sequence has been identified. This sequence consists of a central region 78 to 86 bp in length which is greater than 90% A+T, usually in runs of As and runs of Ts. The central region is flanked on one side by a highly conserved 8bp sequence and on the other side by a highly conserved 25 bp sequence which contains partial dyad symmetry around a central C/G base pair. Mutational analyses have been used to determine the importance of each subset of the consensus sequence to centromere function. A protein which binds to the 8 bp sequence and at least one that binds to the 25bp sequence have been identified. The roles of these proteins in centromere function in mitosis and meiosis are currently under investigation.
Functional analysis of a minimal mouse serum amyloid a3 promoter in transgenic mice

We report the generation of transgenic mice harboring the SAA3/LacZ transgene and analysis of its expression patterns in vivo following LPS-induced inflammation. Our results show that a 210-bp fragment of the mouse SAA3 promoter when placed in front of the LacZ gene was sufficient to confer basal and inflammation-induced reporter gene expression. Consistent with endogenous SAA3 expression, the basal level of LacZ expression was high in the lung and liver of newborn and 1-week-old transgenic mice. Its expression however decreased with increasing age and at 3-weeks ofage, LacZ expression was very low in the lung and was essentially undetectable in the liver. When SAA3/LacZ transgenic mice were injected with lipopolisaccharide to induce inflammation, beta-gal activities were increased approximately 6- and 16-fold in the lung and liver, respectively. Histological examination of lung and liver tissues stained with X-gal revealed that the LacZ transgene was expressed primarily in the macrophages. Thus, this minimal SAA3 promoter fragment contains the necessary regulatory sequences for its expression and cytokine responsiveness in macrophages albeit is insufficient to confer expression in hepatocytes.
Maize necrotic streak virus, a new maize virus with similarity to species of the family tombusviridae

A new virus was isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) leaves showing mild mosaic symptoms and coinfected with Maize dwarf mosaic virus. The virus was readily transmitted by vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) but not leaf-rub inoculation. Virus symptoms on susceptible maize included pale green, yellow, or cream-colored spots and streaks measuring 1 to 2 mm on emerging leaves 5 to 7 days post-VPI. As leaves developed, the spots and streaks became spindle-shaped, then coalesced into long, chlorotic bands. These bands became translucent and necrotic around the edges. There was a distinctive chlorosis on the stalks that became necrotic. Based on these distinctive symptoms, the new virus was named Maize necrotic streak virus (MNeSV). The virus was not transmitted by Aphis maidis-radicus, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Dalbulus maidis, Graminella nigrifrons, Perigrinus maidis, or Diabrotica virgifera virgifera under persistent or nonpersistent conditions. Both susceptible and resistant maize genotypes were identified following VPI with MNeSV. The isolated virus had isometric (32 nm) virions and a single 29.5-kDa coat protein. MNeSV was serologically distinct from morphologically similar maize viruses. The 4.3-kb single-stranded RNA genome had 25 to 53% sequence identity with species in the family Tombusviridae.
Novel Synthetic Approach to Multibenzoylated Nucleosides

Abstract An improved and highly efficient synthetic approach to multibenzoylated nucleosides bearing free 5′‐hydroxyl groups is described here. By employing t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) rather than the more commonly used dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) as a temporary 5′‐OH protecting group of the starting nucleoside, this methodology provides the expected products in nearly quantitative yields, thereby substantially reducing the cost and effort of synthesis.
Ligand exchange photochemistry of M2(CO)4( μ−η5,η5-C5H4CH2C5H4) (M Fe or Ru) and thermal acetylene exchange of Ru2(CO)( μ-CO)[μ−η1:η1-(C6H5)2C2]( μ−η5, η5-C5H4CH2C5H4) The molecular structures of Ru2(CO)( σ-C6H5)( μ-CO)[ μ-P(C6H5)2]( μ−η5,η5-C5H4CH2C5H4) and Ru2(CO)( μ-CO)[ μ-η1,η3-C6H5CC(C6H5)O]- (μ-η5,η5-C5H4CH2C5H4)

Abstract Photolysis of Fe 2 (CO) 4 ( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ) in the presence of phosphines or phosphites results in the formation of simple carbonyl substitution products Fe 2 (CO)( μ -CO) 2 L( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ) or Fe 2 ( μ -CO) 2 L 2 ( μ - η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ). Acetylenes react photochemically with the diiron compound to give vinylketone-bridged derivatives of the form Fe 2 (CO)( μ −CO)[ μ − η 1 : η 3 -RCC(R)CO]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ), where R = CH 3 O 2 C and C 6 H 5 . Reaction of Ru 2 (CO) 4 ( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ) with triphenylphosphine under photochemical conditions resulted in loss of two carbon monoxide ligands nad PC insertion by ruthenium to yield Ru 2 (CO)( σ -C 6 H 5 ) μ -CO)[ μ -P(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ). Photolysis of Ru 2 (CO) 4 ( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ) with diphenylacetylene gave the previously reported Ru 2 (CO) 2 ( μ -CO)[ μ − η 1 : η 1 -(C 6 H 5 ) 2 C 2 ]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ) and an air oxidation product, Ru 2 (CO)( μ -CO)[ μ − η 1 : η 3 -C 6 H 5 CC(C 6 H 5 )O]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ). The diphenylacetylene derivative underwent acetylene exchange, but did not undergo exchange with triphenylphosphine. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis and/or mass spectroscopy. The molecular structures of two ruthenium compounds were determined by X-ray crystallography. Ru 2 (CO)( σ −C 6 H 5 )( μ -CO)[ μ -P( 6 H 5 ) 2 ]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ): monoclinic, P2 1 c , a = 13.902(3) A , b = 13.283(3) A , c = 14.426(4) A , β = 101.62(2)°, V = 2609(1) A 3 , z = 4, R(F) = 3.98% . Ru 2 (CO)( μ -CO)[ μ − η 1 : η 3 -C 6 H 5 C  C(C 6 H 5 )O]( μ − η 5 , η 5 -C 5 H 4 CH 2 C 5 H 4 ): orthorhombic, Pccn. a = 15.000(4) A , b = 15.662(4) A , c = 19.053(4) A , V = 4476(2) A 3 , z = 8, R ( F ) = 3.05%.
Nicotine abstinence-induced cerebral blood flow changes by genotype.

Abstract This study explored whether functional genetic variants previously associated with nicotine dependence are associated with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during nicotine abstinence (compared to satiety; smoking as usual). Thirteen smokers participating in a prior arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI study were scanned on two occasions (after >12 h abstinence vs. satiety), and were genotyped for variants in the dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2 -141 Ins/DelC; DRD2 C957T); a dopamine metabolizing enzyme ( COMT val 158 met), and the mu opioid receptor ( OPRM1 A118G). Significantly greater CBF increases were found in regions previously linked with cigarette cravings among carriers of the DelC variant of DRD2- 141 and among the COMT val/val group. Smokers with TT genotypes for the DRD2 C957T exhibited less change in rCBF in abstinence relative to satiety, compared to those with CC or CT genotypes. Finally, smokers with OPRM1 AA genotypes showed significant increases in CBF in regions associated previously with cigarette cravings. While preliminary, these results suggest a neural mechanism through which these genetic variants may be linked with nicotine dependence, and provide further support for increased biological vulnerability in these subgroups of smokers.
Interactions between adult human prostatic epithelium and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme in a tissue recombination model

Tissue recombinants composed of adult human prostatic epithelium (hPrE) and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme (rUGM) were grafted beneath the renal capsule of athymic rodent hosts. The pseudostratified human epithelium initially became multilayered, solid epithelial cords emerged, grew into the surrounding mesenchyme and canalized to regenerate a pseudostratified epithelium. Basal cells expressed cytokeratins 5 and 14, while luminal cells expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18, prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. The rat mesenchymal component differentiated into thick sheets of smooth muscle, characteristic of the human but not the rat prostate. These findings indicate that epithelial-mesenchymal interactions were reciprocal. Rat UGM induced adult hPrE to form new ductal-acinar tissue, involving epithelial proliferation, ductal branching morphogenesis and functional cytodifferentiation. Concurrently the epithelium dictated smooth muscle differentiation and patterning. Species-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SC (RT-PCR) analysis of the tissue recombinants was performed to separately examine the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 3 in the epithelium, stroma and host components of the graft. All of these genes, except TGF-beta 1, were expressed in all three tissues. Human TGF-beta 1 was not detected, indicating that this gene was not expressed in human prostatic epithelium but was present in stroma.
Differentiating the influence of accessibility, attitudes, and demographics on stop participation and frequency during the evening commute

Understanding the stop-making behavior of commuters is important for planners and policy makers in their efforts to improve travel demand models and to develop transportation demand management strategies. Previous studies have identified various determinants of commuters' stop generation. However, the way in which accessibility affects stop-making decisions is not clear. Further, few studies have considered the impacts of attitudes and predispositions, which extensively influence travel behavior. Using 1256 commuters in Northern California, this study investigates the influences of accessibility and attitudes on evening commute stop-making behavior. Based on a bivariate selection model, we found that the propensity of workers to make stops is dependent on their attitudes, work-related attributes, neighborhood accessibility, and sociodemographic characteristics, whereas the frequency of trip chaining is primarily determined by sociodemographic characteristics. Accordingly, if we offer commuters opportuniti...