cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complementary Peptides as Probes to Explore Neuropeptide Receptors on Lymphocytes

Abstract Studies on neuroendocrine hormone receptor have been hampered by low numbers and concentrations of receptors found within and outside the neuroendocrine system. The complementary peptide approach is particularly useful for dealing with this problem and has been used to characterize lymphoid receptors for arginine vasopressin (AVP), corticotropin (ACTH), substance P, and opioid peptides. A nonapeptide derived by reading of the complementary DNA strand of the bovine AVP gene in the 3′ to 5′ direction specifically blocks the AVP helper signal for interferon-γ production by mouse T lymphocytes. Antibodies to 3′-5′ AVP-binding peptide bound to cells, and the binding was inhibited by excess AVP. Thus, binding of anti-3′-5′ AVP-binding peptide antibodies to the AVP receptor was specific. The complementary peptide approach has also been used to produce antibodies specific for the ACTH receptor complex. Complementary peptides to ACTH derived by reading in either the 5′ to 3′ or 3′ to 5′ direction were able to bind to ACTH. Mono-specific antibodies to the ACTH(1-24) complementary peptide caused an ACTH-like steroidogenic response of cultured mouse adrenal cells, presumably by binding to the ACTH receptor, and binding was specifically inhibited by ACTH. The ACTH receptor complex from solubilized adrenal cells was shown to consist of four subunits with M r 83,000, 64,000, 52,000, and 22,000. The 83,000 and 52,000 M r subunits are disulfide linked and noncovalently associated with the other subunits, with binding of labeled ACTH localized to the 83,000 M r subunit. Similarly, a complementary peptide was shown to bind directly to substance P in a saturable and dose-dependent manner. Affinity-purified antibodies to the substance P complementary peptide directly bound to IM-9 cells and blocked the binding of substance P to its IM-9 receptor. Further, these antibodies recognized a single protein of 58 kDa from solubilized IM-9 cells. Complementary peptides have been used to characterize opioid receptors, and studies show that antigenic and functional similarity exists between opioid receptors from brain and lymphocytes. Thus, the complementary peptide approach can be used to produce antibodies specific for neuroendocrine receptors, which are useful tools for the isolation and characterization of these receptors.
Effect of soil amendments on fractionation of Selenium‐enriched soil

Abstract This study was to determine the effect of soil amendments on the fractionation of selenium (Se) using incubation experiments under simulated upland and flooded conditions. The treatments were as follows: 1) control [soil + sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) (1 mg Se kg‐1)]; 2) control + calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (5 g kg‐1); 3) control + alfalfa (40 g kg‐1); and 4) control + CaCO3 (5 g kg‐1) + alfalfa (40 g kg‐1). After a 90‐day incubation, soil was sampled and fractionated into five fractions: 1) potassium sulfate (K2SO4)‐soluble fraction (available to plants); 2) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4)‐exchangeable fraction (potentially available); 3) ammonium hydroxide (NH3H2O)‐soluble fraction (potentially available); 4) hydrochloric acid (HCl)‐extractable fraction (unavailable); and 5) residual fraction (unavailable). Compared with the control, CaCO3 increased the K2SO4 fraction at the expense of the NH3H2O fraction. Alfalfa increased both the K2SO4 and residual fractions but reduced the KH2PO4 and NH...
Modular properties of the hard hexagon model

The physical quantities (or powers thereof) in the hard-hexagon model that were computed exactly by Baxter are shown to be modular functions with respect to the number-theoretic groupГ1[N]. This allows us to determine the analytic structure ofϰ, the partition function per site in the thermodynamic limit, andρ, the density, as functions of the activityz.
Molecular Imaging of Living Subjects

Molecular Imaging is a growing field in which molecular spies are introduced into subjects. Optical molecular imaging is rapidly growing and with the use of novel imaging agents has great potential to accelerate medical care.
Fully Coupled Finite Element Model to Study Fault Reactivation during Multiple Hydraulic Fracturing in Heterogeneous Tight Formations

Multiple hydraulic fracturing is a proven stimulation technique to improve hydrocarbon production especially in tight, unconventional hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs. A two dimensional (2D) plane strain model, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), has been developed to study multiple fracture propagation and their impact on reactivation of underground discontinuities such as faults. New model solves coupled non-local relationship between fracture width and net pressure in the fracture and non-linear dependence of fluid flow on fracture width and its linear dependence on pressure gradient using finite element method. In this paper, multiple hydraulic fracturing with different number of fractures, fracture spacing and reservoir rock properties are considered. It is found that the number of hydraulic fractures and their spacing significantly impacts fractures geometry and ultimately production performance. The impact found to be more pronounced in heterogeneous reservoir with multiple layers. Slip-tendency analysis performed to investigate the possibility of fault reactivation and discontinuities failure in surrounding areas. Simulation results clearly show dynamics of stable and unstable zones around the hydraulic fracturing area. Discontinuities failure in reactivation zones leads to increase the permeability of formation therefore improving hydraulic fracturing performance. This study is a unique approach for our further understanding of multiple hydraulic fracturing, and it is important for the development of sound numerical hydraulic fracturing optimization models.
The need for some innovative concepts of innovation: An examination of research on the diffusion of innovations

This paper examines research on the diffusion of innovation, the final stage in the process of technological change. The focus rests primarily on two traditions in diffusion research: that of economists and that of sociologists. Diffusion researchers in these and related disciplines have made significant contributions to the understanding of the dynamics of processes of change; yet the state of the art in diffusion research is not equal to the sum of its parts. This is due in large measure to disciplinary parochialism: scholars have concentrated on those innovations, diffusion environments, explanatory variables, and analytical methodologies which are most compatible with their particular disciplines, despite the fact that diffusion is not a discipline-specific phenomenon. Deficiencies in current understanding of diffusion are examined in the context of this and other significant problems. The paper concludes by considering the policy relevance of diffusion research and suggesting issues with which future research might productively be concerned.
A study of hydrogen embrittlement in 4340 steel I: Mechanical aspects

Abstract The mechanical aspects of hydrogen embrittlement studies in ultrahigh strength 4340 steel included hydrogen solubility, strength degradation, fracture mode and microstructural changes. A saturation value of 8 wt.ppm hydrogen accompanied the most severe charging condition. Irreversible damage in the form of hydrogen-induced cracking can result without externally applied stress from 10 min of cathodic charging at as low a current density as 1.0 mA cm −2 if the electrolyte is 1N H 2 SO 4 poisoned with As 2 O 3 . If the hydrogen recombination poison is thiourea, however, similar cracking in 10 min requires a current density two orders of magnitude higher. Intergranular failure changed to transgranular failure as conditions varied from low to high fugacity charging. Aging after charging can result in either complete or partial recovery of strength, or nucleation of surface and subsurface cracks, depending on the charging fugacity.
Clinical assessment and management of massive hemoptysis.

Objective:Massive hemoptysis is a potentially lethal condition that deserves to be investigated thoroughly and brought under control promptly. The mortality rate depends mainly on the underlying etiology and the magnitude of bleeding. Although the diagnosis of hemoptysis may be established by chest
Lincoln and the Rebirth of Liberal Democracy

It is a privilege to speak in this, the house of the Supreme Court of the United States, of Abraham Lincoln, our supremely great President. His task, he said, was greater than George Washington's. In the United States’ gravest crisis and most terrible war, Lincoln saved the country, its democratic republic, and the republic's devotion to the equal rights of man. He did more than save. He renewed the republic and purified it of slavery.
Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair

Tissue engineering of articular cartilage seeks to restore the damaged joint surface, inducing repair of host tissues by delivering repair cells, genes, or polypeptide stimulatory factors to the site of injury. A plethora of devices and materials are being examined for their potential to deliver these agents to wound sites, and to act as scaffolds for ingrowth of new tissue. This review will discuss various promising scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Classification of fold interference patterns: a reexamination

Abstract A modification of Ramsay's (1967) classification of fold interference patterns is proposed, based upon angular parameters in part different from those used by Ramsay. We use the angle between the axes of the first folds and the pole to the axial planes of the second folds as one of our parameters (gamma). Use of this angle plus beta, one of Ramsay's angles, provides a more natural basis for classification of three-dimensional patterns and in particular avoids several ambiguities in Ramsay's scheme.
A concurrent pseudofermions algorithm

Abstract A concurrent pseudofermions (pf) algorithm is used to invert sparse matrices which occur in the study of theories with interacting fermions. It is found that for lattice QCD the pf algorithm is particularly well suited for a concurrent environment because it can be reduced to the simulation of a classical statistical system with local interactions. We show that on the 32-nodes hypercube processor at Caltech, our pf program can invert matrices of dimensions O (105x105) with an efficiency around 0.97.
Off-Axis Radial Properties Of Undulator Light

The off-axis angular harmonics of each spectral harmonic emitted by an undulator display a varying radial structure. In this paper we display such structures and provide a descriptive analysis For their maxima and minima.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An enhanced computational scheme for the analysis of elastic mechanisms

Abstract The modeling of flexible mechanisms using the finite element method has received considerable attention in recent years. The transformation of element from local to global coordinates is a computationally expensive task in finite element analysis of flexible mechanisms. In this work an alternative is presented which avoids this transformation. The proposed approach is based on implicit elimination of dependent generalized coordinates in Lagrange equations. The method is applied to a four-bar mechanism and its computational efficiency is evaluated.
MICRO-STRUCTURE AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF SIMULATED SAND-BENTONITE MIXTURES

This paper describes the relationship between the micro-structure and hydraulic conductivity of simulated sand-bentonite mixtures (SSBMs) prepared with powdered and granular bentonite. Glass beads were used to simulate sand grains because of their superior optical properties. The micro-structure of SSBMs was observed using optical micrography and scanning electron microscopy. For mixtures prepared with powdered bentonite, the indications are that bentonite coats the particles. As the bentonite content increases, the thickness of bentonite coating increases and reduces the area available for flow. For mixtures containing granular bentonite, the dry bentonite granules occupy the space between the particles and then swell to fill the void space. As the bentonite content increases, the number of granules increases, leading to more void spaces being filled with bentonite. At higher bentonite content (>8%), flow paths devoid of bentonite are unlikely, and the hydraulic conductivity appears to be controlled by the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite. The changes in micro-structure that were observed are consistent with the decrease in hydraulic conductivity that occurs with increasing bentonite content. However, the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and bentonite content differs depending on whether a mixture contains powdered or granular bentonite.
Nuclear energy levels of 51V and 59Ni

Abstract The reaction matrix elements of Kuo and Brown are tested by calculating the nuclear energy levels of 51 V and 59 Ni. Good agreement between calculated and experimental energies is obtained for 51 V. For 59 Ni, the agreement is unsatisfactory but shows a little bit of improvement over the previously published theoretical results.
The Age of Clay: The Social Dynamics of House Destruction

This study provides some fresh insight into Neolithic domestic architecture through the analysis of architectural technology and the control over the practice of house construction and destruction. Examined on a regional or local level, architecture of the Neolithic is often presented as a fairly homogenous social practice over the large area of Southeast Europe. In viewing the Neolithic houses as homogenous and uncontroversial material culture, archaeologists have overlooked not only the possible variation and multimeaning of the Neolithic houses but also their striking and extensive means of destruction. The role of house conflagration, a practice that lasted during the entire Neolithic of Southeast Europe, has not been addressed in archaeological investigations. Indeed the phenomenon of burned houses has been treated as a series of lucky accidents during the Neolithic, which are primarily responsible for the preservation of Neolithic sites. Contrary this view, I argue that it is unlikely that the houses were burned as a result of a series of accidents or for any structural and technological reasons but rather that they were destroyed by deliberate burning and most likely for reasons of a symbolic nature. The causes for the practice of house firing and house abandonment as observed through the architectural evidence at the site of Opovo are believed to have been related to the need for house replacement and securing its postutilitarian visibility in order to show social and material continuity of the Neolithic society. In my view, a struggle for social and material continuity might have been a leading mobilizing force in creating and maintaining social practices and beliefs in the Neolithic society.
Developmental Changes in ADHD Symptoms Across Early Childhood

Tatone-Tokuda, F., Dubois, L., Ramsay, T., Girard, M., Touchette, E., Petit, D., & Montplaisir, J. Y. (2012). Sex differences in the association between sleep duration, diet and body mass index: A birth cohort study. Journal of Sleep Research, 21(4), 448-460. van der Heijden, K., Smits, M. G., & Gunning, W. (2006). Sleep hygiene and actigraphically evaluated sleep characteristics in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 15(1), 55-62.
Scalable Store-Load Forwarding via Store Queue Index Prediction

Conventional processors use a fully-associative store queue (SQ) to implement store-load forwarding. Associative search latency does not scale well to capacities and bandwidths required by wide-issue, large window processors. In this work, we improve SQ scalability by implementing store-load forwarding using speculative indexed access rather than associative search. Our design uses prediction to identify the single SQ entry from which each dynamic load is most likely to forward. When a load executes, it either obtains its value from the predicted SQ entry (if the address of the entry matches the load address) or the data cache (otherwise). A forwarding misprediction - detected by pre-commit filtered load reexecution - results in a pipeline flush. SQ index prediction is generally accurate, but for some loads it cannot reliably identify a single SQ entry. To avoid flushes on these difficult loads while keeping the single-SQ-access-per-load invariant, a second predictor delays difficult loads until all but the youngest of their "candidate" stores have committed. Our predictors are inspired by store-load dependence predictors for load scheduling (Store Sets and the Exclusive Collision Predictor) and unify load scheduling and forwarding. Experiments on the SPEC2000 and MediaBench benchmarks show that on an 8-way issue processor with a 512-entry reorder buffer, our technique performs within 3.3% of an ideal associative SQ (same latency as the data cache) and either matches or exceeds the performance of a realistic associative SQ (slower than data cache) on 31 of 47 programs.
Bite-related and septic syndromes caused by cats and dogs

Bite infections can contain a mix of anaerobes and aerobes from the patient's skin and the animal's oral cavity, including species of Pasteurella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Capnocytophaga. Domestic cat and dog bite wounds can produce substantial morbidity and often require specialised care techniques and specific antibiotic therapy. Bite wounds can be complicated by sepsis. Disseminated infections, particularly those caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Pasteurella multocida, can lead to septic shock, meningitis, endocarditis, and other severe sequelae. An emerging syndrome in veterinary and human medicine is meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections shared between pets and human handlers, particularly community-acquired MRSA disease involving the USA300 clone. Skin, soft-tissue, and surgical infections are the most common. MRSA-associated infections in pets are typically acquired from their owners and can potentially cycle between pets and their human acquaintances.
Survey of Native English Speakers and Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners in Tertiary Introductory Statistics.

The framework of linguistic register and case study research on Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) learning statistics informed the construction of a quantitative instrument, the Communication, Language, And Statistics Survey (CLASS). CLASS aims to assess whether ELLs and non-ELLs approach the learning of statistics differently with respect to the distinctive linguistic features of the field of statistics and with respect to language resources they bring to the class. The CLASS was administered to all (n = 137) students in an introductory statistics literacy course at a university with a majority Mexican-American student body. Findings suggest ELLs often have distinctive patterns in how they experience aspects of statistics instruction (e.g., wait time) as well as movement between mathematics/statistics and everyday registers. First published November 2013 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Visual detection of gas shows from coal core and cuttings using liquid leak detector

Abstract Portions of core or cutting samples that have active gas shows can be identified by applying a liquid leak detector to the core surface. Although these gas shows can be caused by manmade changes to the coals' internal structure and surface of the core during the coring process, in many cases, the marked gas shows overlie changes in maceral composition, subtle fractures or coal, coal structure and so forth that seemingly are places where natural primary permeability is higher and gas shows would be favored. Given the limited time available for core description before a core is closed in a canister, using the liquid leak detector method to mark gas shows enhances core description by providing a photographic record of places of apparently increased gas flow likely related to enhanced coal permeability that cannot be easily detected otherwise.
A Conformational Switch in Escherichia coli 16S Ribosomal RNA During Decoding of Messenger RNA

Direct evidence is presented for a conformational switch in 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that affects tRNA binding to the ribosome and decoding of messenger RNA (mRNA). These data support the hypothesis that dynamic changes in rRNA structure occur during translation. The switch involves two alternating base-paired arrangements apparently facilitated by ribosomal proteins S5 and S12, and produces significant changes in the rRNA structure. Chemical probing shows reciprocal enhancements or protections at sites in 16S rRNA that are at or very near sites that were previously crosslinked to mRNA. These data indicate that the switch affects codon-anticodon arrangement and proper selection of tRNA at the ribosomal A site, and that the switch is a fundamental mechanism in all ribosomes.
Tables and Early Information Visualization

This chapter considers the deep history of tables as visualization modalities. It covers a variety of tables that have appeared between 1900 BCE and 1400 CE that include: Sumerian accounting tables; chronicles; canon tables; medieval calendars; gridded tables such as urine and eclipse; and tables that communicate conceptual abstractions, such as religious dogma and degrees of blood relation. These tables represent some of the earliest and most significant milestones in information visualization. Analysis of these tables demonstrates that as early as 1300 BCE the need to visualize information had driven the invention of representations that transformed the way information has been communicated and used.
Thermogravimetric study of the kinetics of formation of poly(para-phenylene vinylene) by thermal conversion of a sulfonium precursor

Abstract Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) conjugated polymer films were prepared by thermolytic conversion of poly[p-phenylene (tetrahydrothiophenium)ethylene chloride] precursor films, at different temperatures. The reaction kinetics was investigated by isothermal thermogravimetry. Each conversion temperature was found to be associated with an asymptotic value of mass loss. A mathematical analysis relating molar conversion to asymptotic mass loss was derived. The activation energy for dehydrochlorination of the poly(p-phenylene chloroethylene) intermediate was found to be 59 ± 7 kJ mol−1, significantly lower than that for the dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The reaction order, on the other hand, was nearly first-order, similar to that for PVC. Film processing conditions that gave conjugated polymer films free of carbonyl defects were identified.
Simulation-based research and development: technology assessment process

This paper presents an exploration of the Simulation Based Research and Development through an in-house technology assessment of a Sensorcraft concept. The goals of SBR&D are: to reduce the time and cost for developing and maturing promising technology, to integrate the technologist and the warfighter into the Science and Technology (S&T) acquisition process, and to provide analytical input into the Air Force S&T planning process. SBR&D combines a variety of critical research and technology-development capabilities, including engineering-level modeling, design, and analysis tools, mission- and campaign-level simulations, cost analysis tools, and database tools in a networked, distributed environment. Early SBR&D capabilities combine high fidelity manned and unmanned vehicle simulations to create a common synthetic battlespace for technology assessment in a mission environment. The simulation environment is being combined with engineering models, design tools, and an intelligent database to allow differing degrees of fidelity to be used at different times and in different parts of a simulation analysis. The study presented here represents an attempt to show the SBR&D process in action and to identify deficiencies in the process. Once established, the SBR&D process will provide the capability for researchers to evaluate the impact of different technologies in a warfighting environment, providing a link between AFRL technologies and warfighter mission needs.
Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World-Wide Web

The World Wide Web is growing quickly and being applied to many new types of communications. As a basis for studying organizational communications, Yates and Orlikowski (1992) proposed using genres. They defined genres as, "typified communicative actions characterized by similar substance and form and taken in response to recurrent situations". They further suggested that communications in a new media will show both reproduction or adaptation of existing communicative genres as well as the emergence of new genres. We studied this phenomena on the World Wide Web by examining randomly selected Web pages (100 in one sample and 1000 in a second) and categorizing the type of genre represented. Perhaps most interestingly, we saw examples of genres being adapted to take advantage of the linking and interactivity of the new medium, such as solicitations for help and genealogies. We suggest that Web site designers consider the genres that are appropriate for their situation and attempt to reuse familiar genres.
Comparative Secretome Analyses of Three Bacillus anthracis Strains with Variant Plasmid Contents

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, secretes numerous proteins into the extracellular environment during infection. A comparative proteomic approach was employed to elucidate the differences among the extracellular proteomes (secretomes) of three isogenic strains of B. anthracis that differed solely in their plasmid contents. The strains utilized were the wild-type virulent B. anthracis RA3 (pXO1+ pXO2+) and its two nonpathogenic derivative strains: the toxigenic, nonencapsulated RA3R (pXO1+ pXO2−) and the totally cured, nontoxigenic, nonencapsulated RA3:00 (pXO1− pXO2−). Comparative proteomics using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by computer-assisted gel image analysis was performed to reveal unique, up-regulated, or down-regulated secretome proteins among the strains. In total, 57 protein spots, representing 26 different proteins encoded on the chromosome or pXO1, were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. S-layer-derived proteins, such as Sap and EA1, were most frequently observed. Many sporulation-associated enzymes were found to be overexpressed in strains containing pXO1+. This study also provides evidence that pXO2 is necessary for the maximal expression of the pXO1-encoded toxins lethal factor (LF), edema factor (EF), and protective antigen (PA). Several newly identified putative virulence factors were observed; these include enolase, a high-affinity zinc uptake transporter, the peroxide stress-related alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, isocitrate lyase, and the cell surface protein A.
Understanding biogeobatteries: Where geophysics meets microbiology

Understanding biogeobatteries: where geophysics meets microbiology Revil A. (1, 2), C.A. Mendonca (3), E.A. Atekwana (4), B. Kulessa (5), S.S. Hubbard (6), and K. Bohlen (1) (1) Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of Geophysics, 1500 Illinois street, Golden, CO, USA (2) CNRS- LGIT (UMR 5559), University of Savoie, Equipe Volcan, Le Bourget-du-Lac, France (3) Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Sao Paulo, Brazil (4) Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA (5) School of the Environment and Society, Swansea University, UK. (6) Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA Corresponding author: Andre Revil E-mail addresses: arevil@mines.edu; estella.atekwana@okstate.edu; SSHubbard@lbl.gov; b.kulessa@swansea.ac.uk; mendonca@iag.usp.br
Are decisions using cost-utility analyses robust to choice of SF-36/SF-12 preference-based algorithm?

Cost utility analysis (CUA) using SF-36/SF-12 data has been facilitated by the development of several preference-based algorithms. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how decision-making could be affected by the choice of preference-based algorithms for the SF-36 and SF-12, and provide some guidance on selecting an appropriate algorithm. Two sets of data were used: (1) a clinical trial of adult asthma patients; and (2) a longitudinal study of post-stroke patients. Incremental costs were assumed to be $2000 per year over standard treatment, and QALY gains realized over a 1-year period. Ten published algorithms were identified, denoted by first author: Brazier (SF-36), Brazier (SF-12), Shmueli, Fryback, Lundberg, Nichol, Franks (3 algorithms), and Lawrence. Incremental cost-utility ratios (ICURs) for each algorithm, stated in dollars per quality-adjusted life year ($/QALY), were ranked and compared between datasets. In the asthma patients, estimated ICURs ranged from Lawrence's SF-12 algorithm at $30,769/QALY (95% CI: 26,316 to 36,697) to Brazier's SF-36 algorithm at $63,492/QALY (95% CI: 48,780 to 83,333). ICURs for the stroke cohort varied slightly more dramatically. The MEPS-based algorithm by Franks et al. provided the lowest ICUR at $27,972/QALY (95% CI: 20,942 to 41,667). The Fryback and Shmueli algorithms provided ICURs that were greater than $50,000/QALY and did not have confidence intervals that overlapped with most of the other algorithms. The ICUR-based ranking of algorithms was strongly correlated between the asthma and stroke datasets (r = 0.60). SF-36/SF-12 preference-based algorithms produced a wide range of ICURs that could potentially lead to different reimbursement decisions. Brazier's SF-36 and SF-12 algorithms have a strong methodological and theoretical basis and tended to generate relatively higher ICUR estimates, considerations that support a preference for these algorithms over the alternatives. The "second-generation" algorithms developed from scores mapped from other indirect preference-based measures tended to generate lower ICURs that would promote greater adoption of new technology. There remains a need for an SF-36/SF-12 preference-based algorithm based on the US general population that has strong theoretical and methodological foundations.
Latina Adolescent Suicide Ideations and Attempts: Associations with Connectedness to Parents, Peers, and Teachers

Associations between suicidal behavior and social-ecological variables were examined among 1,618 Latina high school students (mean age = 15) from the nationally representative Add Health sample (68% were U.S.-born). Ideations were associated with having a suicidal friend, lower perceived father support, and overall parental caring. Attempts were associated with having a suicidal friend, and lower perceived teacher and parental support. Peer and mother relationship variables were not predictors of ideations or attempts. The protective role of father and teacher support has not previously been emphasized in the literature. Strengthening connections to parents and teachers may reduce suicidal behavior in adolescent Latinas. Language: en
Effect of High Altitude on High Voltage AC Transmission Line Corona Phenomena

This paper summarizes the results of a research effort conducted by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to determine the effect of altitude on corona phenomena from high voltage transmission lines. A computer-controlled, reliable, unattended test station was installed at an altitude of 1935 m on a double-circuit 500-kV line near Basin, Montana, to continuously monitor audible noise (AN), radio noise (RI), and television interference (TVI). To obtain comparative data at a lower elevation, another test station was installed on a 500-kV line of similar design near Stayton, Oregon, at an altitude of 277 m. Comparison of the high altitude data with the lower elevation data and with predictions demonstrated that the correction factor of 1 dB/300 m developed in the 1950's and 1960's for radio noise is still valid and is also applicable for AN, TVI and, possibly, corona losses.
Complex structure of electrophysiological gradients emerging during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in the canine heart

Long-duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF) in the globally ischemic heart is a common setting of cardiac arrest. Electrical heterogeneities during LDVF may affect outcomes of defibrillation and resuscitation. Previous studies in large mammalian hearts have investigated the role of Purkinje fibers and electrophysiological gradients between the endocardium (Endo) and epicardium (Epi). Much less is known about gradients between the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) and within each chamber during LDVF. We studied the transmural distribution of the VF activation rate (VFR) in the RV and LV and at the junction of RV, LV, and septum (Sep) during LDVF using plunge needle electrodes in opened-chest dogs. We also used optical mapping to analyze the Epi distribution of VFR, action potential duration (APD), and diastolic interval (DI) during LDVF in the RV and LV of isolated hearts. Transmural VFR gradients developed in both the RV and LV, with a faster VFR in Endo. Concurrently, large VFR gradients developed in Epi, with the fastest VFR in the RV-Sep junction, intermediate in the RV, and slowest in the LV. Optical mapping revealed a progressively increasing VFR dispersion within both the LV and RV, with a mosaic presence of fully inexcitable areas after 4–8 min of LDVF. The transmural, interchamber, and intrachamber VFR heterogeneities were of similar magnitude. In both chambers, the inverse of VFR was highly correlated with DI, but not APD, at all time points of LDVF. We conclude that the complex VFR gradients during LDVF in the canine heart cannot be explained solely by the distribution of Purkinje fibers and are related to regional differences in the electrical depression secondary to LDVF.
Subclassification of indeterminate pelvic ultrasonography: Prospective evaluation of the risk of ectopic pregnancy

Abstract Study Objective: We sought to determine the frequency of ectopic pregnancy among subclasses of indeterminate ultrasonographic examinations. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from January 1, 1995, to August 31, 2000, on consecutive emergency department patients in the first trimester of pregnancy with a chief complaint of abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding and who had an indeterminate transvaginal ultrasonographic examination at the time of the ED visit. Patients were excluded if lost to follow-up. Ultrasonographic examinations were subclassified into 5 groups (ie, empty uterus, nonspecific fluid, echogenic material, abnormal sac, normal sac) on the basis of a previously published classification system. Patients were followed up until the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was either confirmed or excluded. The frequencies of ectopic pregnancy, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated for each of the subclasses. The relative risk of ectopic pregnancy was calculated when appropriate. Results: Seven hundred eighty patients with indeterminate ultrasonographic examinations were identified. One hundred forty-five were lost to follow-up, and therefore, 635 were enrolled. The frequency of ectopic pregnancy for each subclass is as follows: empty uterus, 36 of 259 (13.9%; 95% CI 10.1% to 18.5%); nonspecific fluid, 6 of 127 (4.7%; 95% CI 1.9% to 9.6%); echogenic material, 4 of 93 (4.3%; 95% CI 1.4% to 10.5%); abnormal sac, 0 of 103 (0%; 95% CI 0.0% to 2.9%); and normal sac, 0 of 53 (0%; 95% CI 0.0% to 5.5%). The relative risk of ectopic pregnancy in patients with an empty uterus versus in those without an empty uterus was 5.2 (95% CI 2.6 to 10.2). Conclusion: In our sample, patients with an empty uterus at ultrasonography had the highest frequency of ectopic pregnancy, with a relative risk of ectopic pregnancy 5 times greater than that of the other 4 subclasses. [Dart RG, Burke G, Dart L. Subclassification of indeterminate pelvic ultrasonography: prospective evaluation of the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Ann Emerg Med. April 2002;39:382-388.]
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Active Against Primate Amniotic Fluid Prorenin

Using a peptide identical to the carboxyl portion of the human renin prosegment as antigen, three monoclonal antibody-producing cell lines were developed whose immunoglobulins bound human amniotic fluid inactive renin (prorenin). Antibody 257B11A9 possessed an apparent Kd of 0.35 nM; the Kds of the other two antibodies, 262F1A1 and 266E8G7, were 80 nM and 0.1 μM, respectively. None of these antibodies bound active renin. 257B11A9 bound free peptide antigen (Kd-3.4 nM) and also bound inactive renin in Maccaca amniotic fluid (Kd = 5.3 nM). Both 257B11A9 and 262F1A1 when attached to Sepharose bound prorenin; elution of prorenin from 257B11A9-Sepharose required incubation with excess synthetic peptide. Antibody 257B11A9 specifically stained juxtaglomerular cells in human kidney and multinucleated cells in the JAr choriocarcinoma cell line. Unlike other monoclonal antibodies specific for the amino terminus of prorenin, the present antibodies bind soluble inactive renin. These antibodies will aid the study of p...
Successive Approximations to a Model of Human Motor Programming

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a series of experiments on the cognitive activity that immediately precedes and allows the execution of voluntary actions. Cognitive activity is referred to as “motor programming” and its resultant representations are referred to as “motor programs.” The control of finger sequences is important in keyboard entry and musical performances. Finger sequences can be performed extremely rapidly and can be executed without direct conscious control. The chapter describes the processes of motor programming and the structure of motor programs. The data of interest are the times and identities of produced responses. If the timing of responses within a sequence changes as a function of an alternative sequence, the changes can be attributed to the operations underlying the programming of the sequence to be performed. A corollary of the motor-program editor model is that successive response sequences can be programmed by changing features that distinguish one sequence from the next. This method of programming is more efficient than the one in which each sequence must be programmed from scratch regardless of its relation to the sequence that has just been performed.
Will I Hit My Year-End Numbers? A Brand-Performance Forecasting Model: The Case for Benchmarking Sales and Advertising Spending

ABSTRACT This study investigated the sales and advertising “build” curves for 15 consumer packaged-goods (CPG) categories, for both new products and established brands. Build curves reflect cumulative sales at any given time period divided by the 52-week sales. The author identified commonalities across category in the sales and advertising build curves. The goal: to develop benchmarks that brand managers can employ to assess how their brands are performing. Further, the author believes, these benchmarks are the basis for developing a simple and direct means of forecasting year-end sales based on actual sales over an interim time period.
Ushio: analyzing news media and public trends in Twitter

In this information age, Social Networking Services contribute a significant amount of contents in creating a knowledge based society. Nowadays, there are more than 500 million tweets sent per day in Twitter. Such drastic growth of contents brings new opportunities for human beings to discover their surroundings more effectively in a timely manner. Moreover, these types of services evolve not only in a perspective of scalability, but also in the view of indicating more meaningful information regarding what happens in the world. Numerous news agencies are broadcasting breaking news via Twitter and people would like to leave comments with their own opinions as well. However, there are differences between events that news media are more willing to cover and news stories that people are more interested in. Furthermore, as people are becoming the largest sensor network, trending topics are not only led by media, but also by the public, and hence it is worth pondering how they affect each other. In this paper, we focus on studying these concerns by building a system, Ushio, analyzing Twitter streams in both the tweets updated by multiple news agencies and those appearing in the public timeline. We describe our design and implementation of this system, which extracts named entities from the Twitter streams and generates corresponding statistics with its relational model. We then show how we use these data to find trending topics and real focus from both media and the public, as well as discover their related topics along with the correlation indicating the leading role between them for assorted topics.
Nitrous oxide solubility in fetal and uterine tissues in human pregnancy.

Summary and Conclusion1) N20 solubility in fetal tissues was studied in one immature, one premature and one full term fetus. 2) Bunsen coefficient varied from one tissue to another. The mean for all tissues including placenta, cord and myometrium was 0.130. These figures give a P O partition coefficient between whole pregnant uterus and Mood of 1.043.
A Comparison of Drug Shortages in the Hospital Setting in the United States and Saudi Arabia: An Exploratory Analysis:

Abstract Background: Drug shortages are a problem that has been growing in recent years. This problem has an impact on patient outcomes and public health. Most countries have been affected by a diversity of drug supply chain problems. Objective: To assess explanations for differences in drug shortages reported in the hospital setting in Saudi Arabia (SA) and the United States (US). Methods: Data were collected in May–June 2014 from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) and from 2 Saudi hospitals: King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) and King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC). Drugs were classified using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system. The drug shortages among the hospitals were compared using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test. Results: The percentage of the total number of active ingredients reported in shortage was higher in the US hospital setting (15.1%) than in the Saudi hospitals (10.3%) (p < .0001). K...
Immunohistochemical mapping of cellular and subcellular distribution of 5-HT1A receptors in rat and human kidneys

Northern blotting studies have demonstrated mRNA for the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor in human neonatal kidney (B. K. Kobilka, T. Frielle, S. Collins, T. Yang-Feng, T. S. Kobilka, U. Francke, R. J. Lefkowitz, and M. G. Caron. Nature Lond. 329: 75-79, 1987). To confirm expression of receptor protein in kidney, we raised antibodies to two peptides derived from the third intracellular loop of the human 5-HT1A receptor. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified sequentially on protein A-Sepharose and peptide-Affigel 10 columns. Each IgG was able to: 1) quantitatively immunoprecipitate [3H]8-OH-2-(di-n-propylamino)1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene ([3H]8-OH-DPAT)-labeled human and rat receptors; 2) immunoblot a new protein in cells transfected with human 5-HT1A receptor DNA; and 3) immunoautoradiographically label areas of rat brain (frontal cortex, hippocampus, and lateral septum) in a highly characteristic pattern similar to that labeled by 125I-Bolton-Hunter-8-methoxy-2-(N-propyl-N-propylamino)Tetralin, a specific 5-HT1A receptor autoradiography ligand. By use of a light microscopic immunoperoxidase labeling technique, incubation of each IgG antibody with sections of rat and human kidney demonstrated an identical pattern of immunoreactivity. Specific labeling of basolateral plasma membranes was detected throughout medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs (TAL), in distal convoluted tubules (DCT), in connecting tubule cells of the connecting tubule, and in principal cells of the initial collecting tubule. There was no labeling in the inner medulla, glomeruli, or blood vessels. The labeling was blocked by preincubation with the corresponding peptide, but not with noncorresponding peptide or carrier protein. There was no labeling with preimmune IgG. Electron microscopic immunoperoxidase labeling confirmed the specific localization of the IgG antibody along the basolateral plasma membrane in all positively staining cells in rat kidney. Radioligand binding studies with the specific 5-HT1A receptor ligand [3H]8-OH-DPAT confirmed the presence of 5-HT1A receptor binding sites in bulk-isolated rat medullary TAL. These studies provide the first evidence that the 5-HT1A receptor is expressed on the basolateral surface of TAL and DCT cells of human and rat kidney. The specific localization to these cells suggests a possible role for the 5-HT1A receptor in the regulation of salt and water transport in mammalian kidney.
National Center for Atmospheric Research—1972–1977

We arrived in Boulder in late August of 1972 and moved into an apartment at Remington Post at 30th St. and the “Diagonal” to Longmont in early September until we could decide whether or not to remain permanently. My new office was located at 30th and Arapaho so that it was a pleasant bike ride each way. I was to replace Dan Rex. My deputies were Charlie Palmer and Harry Vaughan.
How People Talk About Armed Conflicts

Armed conflicts around the world produce displacement, injury, and death. This study examines how anonymous and pseudonymous Internet commenters discuss such conflicts. Specifically, we ask how permissible it is to express positive or negative sentiments about these conflicts as a function of variables including region, conflict nature, and severity. Data from the Armed Conflicts Database is aggregated to identify a number of potential factors that may influence views on acceptable sentiments. We used sentiment analysis to code a large-scale sample of the Reddit corpus. We judged permissibility using the Reddit voting features. This revealed that positive sentiments are found not permissible for higher numbers of fatalities, and that negative sentiments are found to be more permissible for certain regions and older conflicts, but less permissible for territorial conflicts. Thus, this study provides evidence that many features help construct public perception of a conflict.