cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tunicamycin-sensitive glycoproteins involved in the mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

Abstract It has been previously shown that mild trypsinization of Chlamydomonas gametes reversibly inhibits steps of the mating process. Gametic agglutination is delayed 30–60 min, while cell wall hydrolysis and zygote formation are delayed 1–3 h. If gametes are pretreated with 5 μg/ml tunicamycin (TM) for 1 h and then trypsinized, the recovery of agglutination is blocked. These results indicate that N-glycosylated glycoproteins are involved in agglutination. Treatment of normal gametes with tunicamycin alone does not have a significant effect on agglutination and mating efficiency, suggesting that there is little or no turnover of the surface receptors before mating. Tunicamycin also interferes with cell growth and prevents the conversion of vegetative cells into gametes.
Observations of Jupiter at 13-cm wavelength during 1969 and 1971

Radio observations of Jupiter have been carried out at Goldstone, CA at a wavelength of 13 cm during the oppositions of 1969 and 1971. In 1969, circular-polarization and total-flux measurements were made with a 64-m radio telescope. From May through October 1971, Jupiter's flux density was measured at weekly intervals with a 26-m antenna. The upper limit to the degree of circular polarization over the longitude ranges 10-100 deg and 160-250 deg System III (1957.0) is 1%; the flux data have been used to derive a magnetospheric rotation period which is approximately 0.37 sec longer than the IAU System III (1957.0). The flux-density data define beaming curves which are apparently different from 11-cm beaming curves measured in 1964. Jupiter's peak flux density decreased by 20% between 1964 and 1971, and 8% between 1969 and 1971.
The Habicht approach to subresultants

Abstract The Habicht approach to the theory of subresultants is based on studying polynomial remainder sequences (PRS) with indeterminate coefficients, and predicting the effects of specializing these coefficients. This has advantages as noted by Loos. We give a complete treatment of this approach by introducing the concept of pseudo-subresultants.
Growth of Carbon Nanofibers on Tipless Cantilevers for High Resolution Topography and Magnetic Force Imaging

Carbon nanofibers are grown on tipless cantilevers as probe tips for scanning probe microscopy. A catalyst dot pattern for carbon nanofiber growth is formed on the surface of the tipless cantilevers using electron beam lithography, and the growth of carbon nanofibers is performed in a direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. Atomic force surface imaging and magnetic force-gradient imaging have been demonstrated using these probe tips.
Social Class and Social Cohesion: A Content Validity Analysis Using a Nonrecursive Structural Equation Model

The psychosocial construct of “social cohesion,” understood as social behaviors indicating trust, reciprocity, and concern for the well-being of the members of one’s community, is the key determinant of health in the “income inequality and social cohesion model” model (Ref. 1, p. 211). Social cohesion is defined as participation in public affairs, civic responsibility or involvement in public life. Social cohesion can be measured with indicators of voting participation, newspaper readership, or number of cultural voluntary associations (Ref. 1, p. 119–120). Here we define social cohesion as the amount of individual participation in social groups in the community. Indicators of membership in civil organizations, a measure of social cohesion used in the “income inequality and social cohesion” research program, 1 would be appropriate according to that definition. But in order for a psychometric measure to have content validity, it must include a representative sample of indicators of the construct it is supposed to measure. Current measures of social cohesion downplay or do not include forms of participation in social groups that are characteristic of working class communities such as union membership. 2 Furthermore, these working class forms of cohesion can affect the health of communities through labor and political action (e.g., research on collective control 3 ). However, the “income inequality and social cohesion” model does not contemplate the relation between class and social cohesion. In political sociology, research within the resource mobilization framework has revealed that members of the middle class have more time and resources to devote to civic participation than members of the working class. 4 Therefore we expect that the forms of civic social activism tapped by current indicators 1
Exploration and mapping with autonomous robot teams

The MAGIC 2010 robot competition showed how well multi-robot teams can work with human teams in urban search.
A Strain Gage Transduction System for Lip and Jaw Motion in Two Dimensions: Design Criteria and Calibration Data

A strain gage system was designed and constructed for transducing the movements of the lips and jaw in two dimensions during speech. Measurement of the structural loading factor, frequency response...
High-dimensional ab initio potential energy surfaces for reaction dynamics calculations.

There has been great progress in the development of potential energy surfaces (PESs) for reaction dynamics that are fits to ab initio energies. The fitting techniques described here explicitly represent the invariance of the PES with respect to all permutations of like atoms. A review of a subset of dynamics calculations using such PESs (currently 16 such PESs exist) is then given. Bimolecular reactions of current interest to the community, namely, H + CH4 and F + CH4, are focused on. Unimolecular reactions are then reviewed, with a focus on the photodissociation dynamics of H2CO and CH3CHO, where so-called “roaming” pathways have been discovered. The challenges for electronically non-adiabatic reactions, and associated PESs, are presented with a focus on the OH* + H2 reaction. Finally, some thoughts on future directions and challenges are given.
The utility of surveys for cross-national research

Abstract Based on the recently inaugurated International Social Survey Program, methodological problems of cross-national surveys are reassessed in view of current work in general survey methodology. A set of principles is stated to minimize threats to the validity of conclusions drawn from cross-national survey data. These principles include the formation of truly international research teams, the need to restrict any particular study to populations with similar experience and exposure to survey research, and the recommendation to compare at a more complete level of national analysis only.
Periodic Phenomena Observed with Spherical Particles in Horizontal Pipes.

A thin layer of spherical particles resting on the bottom of a round pipe was observed to form into essentially equally spaced clumps or islands at fluid velocities only slightly greater than those required to initiate particle movement. This phenomenon appeared to be similar to dune formation in open channels since the ratio of the square of the stream velocity, U, and the product of the gravitational constant, g L , and the island wavelength, λ, was correlated by the same function of island height and velocity, particle diameter, and fluid depth regardless of whether the flow was through a closed conduit or an open channel.
Neuronal calcium wave propagation varies with changes in endoplasmic reticulum parameters: A computer model

Calcium waves provide a complement to neuronal electrical signaling, forming a key part of a neuron's second messenger system. We developed a reaction-diffusion model of an apical dendrite with diffusible inositol triphosphate , diffusible , receptors s, endoplasmic reticulum ER leak, and ER pump SERCA on ER. is released from ER stores via s upon binding of and . This results in -induced- -release CICR and increases spread. At least two modes of wave spread have been suggested: a continuous mode based on presumed relative homogeneity of ER within the cell and a pseudo-saltatory model where regeneration occurs at discrete points with diffusion between them. We compared the effects of three patterns of hypothesized distribution: 1 continuous homogeneous ER, 2 hotspots with increased density hotspots, and 3 areas of increased ER density ER stacks. All three modes produced waves with velocities similar to those measured in vitro approximately 50-90 m /sec. Continuous ER showed high sensitivity to density increases, with time to onset reduced and speed increased. Increases in SERCA density resulted in opposite effects. The measures were sensitive to changes in density and spacing of hotspots and stacks. Increasing the apparent diffusion coefficient of i¾ substantially increased wave speed. An extended electrochemical model, including voltage-gated calcium channels and AMPA synapses, demonstrated that membrane priming via AMPA stimulation enhances subsequent wave amplitude and duration. Our modeling suggests that pharmacological targeting of s and SERCA could allow modulation of wave propagation in diseases where dysregulation has been implicated.
Stable Teichmüller quasigeodesics and ending laminations

We characterize which cobounded quasigeodesics in the Teichmuller space T of a closed surface are at bounded distance from a geodesic. More generally, given a cobounded lipschitz path γ in T, we show that γ is a quasigeodesic with finite Hausdorff distance from some geodesic if and only if the canonical hyperbolic plane bundle over γ is a hyperbolic metric space. As an application, for complete hyperbolic 3–manifolds N with finitely generated, freely indecomposable fundamental group and with bounded geometry, we give a new construction of model geometries for the geometrically infinite ends of N, a key step in Minsky’s proof of Thurston’s ending lamination conjecture for such manifolds.
Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of the human keratinocyte growth factor gene

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family of related proteins, is expressed by stromal fibroblasts and acts on epithelial cells in a paracrine fashion. To understand the mechanisms responsible for regulating normal KGF expression and how these might be altered in disease, the 5'-flanking region of this gene was cloned. The presence of two KGF transcription initiation sites was suggested by ribonuclease protection assay and confirmed by primer extension analysis. Examination of the genomic DNA sequence revealed the presence of the putative promoter sequences TATTTA and CCAAT, located 31 and 50 base pairs upstream, respectively, from the first of the two mRNA start points, and putative initiator sequences surrounding each transcription start site. Transient transfection into murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated that the region required for basal level KGF promoter activity was located between bases -225 and +190. Inclusion of sequences between -1503 and -775 markedly reduced promoter activation, indicating the presence of negative regulatory element(s) in this region. A similar pattern of promoter activation was detected in human fibroblasts and in murine C2C12 myoblasts. In contrast, no chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was observed in macrophages and epithelial and lymphoid cells transfected with the same constructs. Northern blot analysis revealed a strong correlation between KGF RNA expression and promoter activation in all cells tested. Activation of the KGF promoter could be induced by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 and by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Taken together, these results indicate the existence of cis-acting element(s) responsible for selective activation of the KGF promoter only in cells that express KGF mRNA and may provide a mechanistic basis for KGF gene expression during inflammation.
Dementia and depression in the elderly: A framework for addressing difficulties in differential diagnosis

Abstract Dementia and depression are among the most commonly occurring mental health problems faced by the elderly population. The overlapping cognitive and affective symptoms, and possible comorbidity of these two disorders often interfere with their accurate recognition and differentiation. This article delineates the myriad conceptual, diagnostic, and methodological issues that complicate the understanding of dementia, depression, and their interaction in the elderly. A systematic framework is thereby provided for approaching future research on the differential diagnosis of dementia and depression.
Peripheral lymphatico-venous anastomoses. Report of two cases.

Two cases of peripheral lymphatico-venous anastomoses are reported. These communications, which generally are only visualized in the presence of obstruction of the lymphatics, are of practical importance because of the potential danger of relative rapid transfer of oily contrast material into the pulmonary circulation. The existence and importance of these communications are discussed.
Intermediation and the market for interest rate swaps

Abstract This paper analyzes the role of financial intermediaries as marketmakers in the market for interest rate swaps. We argue that intermediaries which hold large nontraded portfolios of swaps are efficient alternatives to direct hedging by counterparties in publicly traded cash and futures instruments. The efficiency afforded by the swap marketmaker derives from reduction in transactions costs, diversification of basis risk, and reduced agency costs of debt. The analysis provides an explanation for the existence and success of the swaps market as a means for spreading risk and for its dominance by large financial institutions.
Luther gulick, public administration and classical management

The late Luther Gulick (1892-1993), often known as the dean of U.S. public administration, left behind him an enormous and wide-ranging literary corpus, but no single systematic work. This essay presents both a personal and an intellectual portrait of Gulick. The personal portrait is accomplished primarily through Gulick's own words derived from relevant published works, autobiographical fragments, and a series of interviews with the author. The intellectual portrait concentrates on a single stream. of thought--classical organization theory and design--and outlines the evolution of Gulick's thought through time, with comments here and there.
Measurement of thermal residual stresses in ZrB2–SiC composites

Abstract Neutron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction were employed to measure the stresses generated in the ZrB 2 matrix and SiC dispersed particulate phase in ZrB 2 –30 vol% SiC composites produced by hot pressing at 1900 °C. Neutron diffraction measurements indicated that stresses begin to accumulate at ∼1400 °C during cooling from the processing temperature and increased to 880 MPa compressive in the SiC phase and 450 MPa tensile in the ZrB 2 phase at room temperature. Stresses measured via Raman spectroscopy revealed the stress in SiC particles on the surface of the composite was ∼390 MPa compressive, which is ∼40% of that measured in the bulk by neutron diffraction. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction was performed to further characterize the stress state in SiC particles near the surface. Using this technique, an average compressive stress of 350 MPa was measured in the SiC phase, which is in good agreement with that measured by Raman spectroscopy.
In-situ monitoring of surface deformation in high-heat-load synchrotron optics

Deviations of an x-ray mirror from its ideal shape, with errors as small as one arcsec, can severely degrade its overall performance. Because the mirrors in third-generation synchrotron sources are typically exposed to extremely high power and power density, their surfaces are very susceptible to heat-induced distortions, imposing demanding constraints on both the mirror design and construction. These x-ray mirrors are routinely measured off-line for their surface roughness and figures; however, in-situ diagnostics are much more rare. Knowledge about the deformation of these mirrors under high heat load enables one to check the mirror performance, to improve upon the mirror design and construction, and to verify the thermal deformation calculations as predicted by theoretical and finite-element analysis. In response to this crucial need, we have developed at the Advanced Photon Source a portable electro- optical system for real-time, in-situ monitoring of thermally induced surface distortions of synchrotron mirrors under high heat load. We employ multipass technique to magnify (mu) rad angular (or slope) deviations to within the resolution of a commercially available CCD camera (with 9- micrometer square pixels). This system has been demonstrated to have angular resolution of less than 1 (mu) rad (or 0.2 arcsec) and long-term stability of less than 2-(mu) rad) fluctuation over a period of 12 hrs., after digital signal processing. With the present camera, the system is capable of sampling one surface profile (at 8 discrete points) about every 2 minutes and can readily be modified into an adaptive mirror system with the necessary actuator hardware. The prototype system has been installed and tested, and those results are presented.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Revisiting Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids

Stokes' first problem for Maxwell fluids is re-examined and new findings are presented. Specifically, the behaviour of the velocity field is examined with respect to vortex sheet and jump amplitude structure, expressions for the boundary layer thickness are given, and an energy analysis is carried out. Several new small-time expressions are derived for both velocity-and energy-related quantities. Results for Maxwell fluids are compared with those of viscous Newtonian fluids and analytical findings are supported by numerical work. It is shown that the presence of fluid elasticity counteracts viscous effects, that the Maxwell and viscous Newtonian kinetic energy profiles intersect, and that the point of intersection is both greater than and proportional to the Maxwell relaxation time.
Short-circuit phenomena: Heat energy drains in composite cylindrical slabs

Abstract A basic theoretical analysis of steady heat flow through laminated cylindrical slabs is carried out to introduce the concept of short-circuited diffusion phenomena. It is seen in the case of a two-layer slab that elevated energy drains are a salient characteristic of such phenomena. A limiting case of thesolution developed herein, specifically when the conductivity of the lower slab increases beyond all bounds, is used to resolve the long-standingdilemma of discontinuous corner temperatures in the case of the heated semi-infinite strip, or the finite slab. A method to smooth the temperature discontinuities on a physically meaningful basis is developed in this work.
Observation of Traction Forces During Galvanotaxis

Cell migration plays a critical role in many biological functions within multicellular organisms such as wound healing, immune response, and embryogenesis. A cell’s inability to migrate can cause severe complications such as inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, defective wound healing or cancer metastasis [1].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Role of GPU Computing in Medical Image Analysis and Visualization

The role of computers in medical image display and analysis continues to be one of the most computationally demanding tasks facing modern computers. Recent advances in GPU architecture have allowed for a new programming paradigm which utilized the massively parallel computational capacity of GPUs for general purpose computing. These parallel processors provide substantial performance benefits in image analysis and manipulation. Automated segmentation algorithms gain the most benefit from incorporation of GPU computing into the image processing workflow. There are also new visualization paradigms, such as stereoscopic 3D, which have been made possible by the continued increase in computational capacity of GPUs. These two key functions of modern GPUs will enable medical imagers to keep pace with the increasing size of scan data sets while allowing for new and innovative analysis and interaction paradigms.
Echo Virus Type 23 (Williamson) in Monkey Kidney Tissue Culture

THE cytopathic effect produced by Echo virus type 23 in rhesus monkey kidney tissue culture has been unsatisfactory; where propagation in this system has been accomplished1,2, certain disadvantages made it necessary that an easier and less complicated method be devised for the regular detection of growth of this viral agent.
Not by discoveries alone: The centennial of Paul Ehrenfest

“It is not by discoveries only, and the registration of them by learned societies, that science is advanced. The true seat of science is not in the volume of Transactions, but in the living mind, and the advancement of science consists in the direction of men’s minds into a scientific channel; whether this is done by the announcement of a discovery, the assertion of a paradox, the invention of a scientific phrase, or the exposition of a system of doctrine.“‘) Th e words are James Clerk Maxwell’s, and they are particularly appropriate in talking about Paul Ehrenfest, who was born a century ago. Ehrenfest did advance science in all the ways that Maxwell mentions. The adiabatic principle -that pillar of the old quantum theory was his discovery, a discovery “found with so much joy”*), as he once wrote. His writings propound and analyze many a most ingenious paradox3). It is hard to imagine a scientific phrase more telling than the one Ehrenfest coined to characterize the devastating implications of the distribution law that classical physics requires for blackbody radiation “the ultraviolet catastrophe”4). There is no exposition of a system of doctrine more incisive, more clarifying than the monograph on the foundations of statistical mechanics written by Paul Ehrenfest and his wife Tatyana for the Encyklopiidie der mathematischen Wissenschaften5). But what makes Maxwell’s words especially relevant to Ehrenfest is their emphasis on science as living in the minds of men. At the Seventh Solvay Conference, held only a few weeks after Ehrenfest’s death in 1933, Paul Langevin described him as having been “at the very heart of the drama of contemporary physics”, and even as having personified that drama in his own life6). For Ehrenfest was passionately committed to his science. His way of being alive involved thinking about physics, talking and arguing about physics, working to his utmost to understand physics, and teaching it to anyone who showed an interest in itstudents, colleagues, laymen, casual acquaintances, children. Others have been as intensely committed to science, but Ehrenfest was unique in his need to have close human contacts as an essential part of doing physics, in the breadth of human experience and the range of emotions that went into his scientific activity. Ehrenfest’s way of being devoted to physics contrasts sharply with that of
Spectral response calculations of rugate filters using coupled-wave theory

A closed-form solution for the reflectivity of an optical coating with a sine-wave index profile (rugate) is derived by using coupled-wave theory. Reflectance is calculated for such coatings on arbitrary substrates and incident media. A vector formalism is used that produces results for both s- and p- polarization components.
Between tide and wave marks: a unifying model of physical zonation on littoral shores.

The effects of tides on littoral marine habitats are so ubiquitous that shorelines are commonly described as ‘intertidal’, whereas waves are considered a secondary factor that simply modifies the intertidal habitat. However mean significant wave height exceeds tidal range at many locations worldwide. Here we construct a simple sinusoidal model of coastal water level based on both tidal range and wave height. From the patterns of emergence and submergence predicted by the model, we derive four vertical shoreline benchmarks which bracket up to three novel, spatially distinct, and physically defined zones. The (1) emergent tidal zone is characterized by tidally driven emergence in air; the (2) wave zone is characterized by constant (not periodic) wave wash; and the (3) submergent tidal zone is characterized by tidally driven submergence. The decoupling of tidally driven emergence and submergence made possible by wave action is a critical prediction of the model. On wave-dominated shores (wave height ≫ tidal range), all three zones are predicted to exist separately, but on tide-dominated shores (tidal range ≫ wave height) the wave zone is absent and the emergent and submergent tidal zones overlap substantially, forming the traditional “intertidal zone”. We conclude by incorporating time and space in the model to illustrate variability in the physical conditions and zonation on littoral shores. The wave:tide physical zonation model is a unifying framework that can facilitate our understanding of physical conditions on littoral shores whether tropical or temperate, marine or lentic.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Upregulate B Cell microRNAs That Silence AID and Blimp-1 Expression for Epigenetic Modulation of Antibody and Autoantibody Responses

Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and plasma cell differentiation, which requires B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), are critical for the generation of class-switched and hypermutated (mature) Ab and autoantibody responses. We show that histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid and butyrate dampened AICDA/Aicda (AID) and PRDM1/Prdm1 (Blimp-1) mRNAs by upregulating miR-155, miR-181b, and miR-361 to silence AICDA/Aicda, and miR-23b, miR-30a, and miR-125b to silence PRDM1/Prdm1, in human and mouse B cells. This led to downregulation of AID, Blimp-1, and X-box binding protein 1, thereby inhibiting CSR, SHM, and plasma cell differentiation without altering B cell viability or proliferation. The selectivity of histone deacetylase inhibitor-mediated silencing of AICDA/Aicda and PRDM1/Prdm1 was emphasized by unchanged expression of HoxC4 and Irf4 (important inducers/modulators of AICDA/Aicda), Rev1 and Ung (central elements for CSR/SHM), and Bcl6, Bach2, or Pax5 (repressors of PRDM1/Prdm1 expression), as well as unchanged expression of miR-19a/b, miR-20a, and miR-25, which are not known to regulate AICDA/Aicda or PRDM1/Prdm1. Through these B cell-intrinsic epigenetic mechanisms, valproic acid blunted class-switched and hypermutated T-dependent and T-independent Ab responses in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, it decreased class-switched and hypermutated autoantibodies, ameliorated disease, and extended survival in lupus MRL/Fas(lpr/lpr) mice. Our findings outline epigenetic mechanisms that modulate expression of an enzyme (AID) and transcription factors (Blimp-1 and X-box binding protein 1) that are critical to the B cell differentiation processes that underpin Ab and autoantibody responses. They also provide therapeutic proof-of-principle in autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity.
Groupwise registration of breast DCE-MR images for accurate tumor measurement

The registration of breast DCE-MR images can help correct possible motions during image acquisition, and is also important for diagnosis of breast cancer, i.e., discrimination between benign and malignant tumors. However, deformable registration of DCE-MR images is challenging due to drastic image contrast change over time (especially between pre- and post-contrast images). To improve the registration, we propose a novel hierarchical groupwise registration framework by specially considering the image characteristics of the breast DCE-MR images. Specifically, due to the similarity of post-contrast images, they are jointly registered by a groupwise registration method, and then registered together with the pre-contrast image by a robust correspondence detection technique based on local-steering-kernel features, instead of simple image intensities. Also, to accurately register the tumor region, we treat the motion in tumor area and other normal tissues differently by delineating rigid motion for tumor while non-rigid for other normal tissues. Our experimental results on both real and simulated images show that our method can achieve more consistent and accurate registration results than the conventional pairwise registration method.
Stakeholder Engagement, Discourse Ethics and Strategic Management

The aim of this paper is to identify, review and assess two prominent recent trends in the literature on stakeholder engagement. Scholars in the first camp are referred to as Habermasians, owing to their reference and adherence to the work of the German philosopher most famous for elaborating on the concept of moral discourse. To these scholars, moral engagement is marked by specific conditions of communication which ensure that this communication is uncorrupted by power differences and strategic motivations. Others – those called here Ethical Strategists – argue that the engagement of stakeholders must be integral to a firm's strategy if it is to achieve real success. This camp is characterized by scholars contending that the distinction between strategy and morality is not only unfortunate, but logically unnecessary. They hold that good strategy properly understood must encompass what are typically recognized as moral concerns, because the very purpose of the firm and the capitalist system within which it operates is, when viewed rightly, the creation of value for all stakeholders. While recognizing the important contributions made by the Habermasians to the conversation about stakeholder engagement, it is concluded that, owing to the confluence of conceptual and practical concerns, the Ethical Strategists' position is the more attractive.
Quality impacts of non-uniform fault coverage

This paper addresses the issue of non-uniform distribution of detected faults. It is shown that there is a very big difference in final quality between covering the chip all over and leaving parts relatively untested, even if the coverage is the same in both cases. >
Increased trait-like impulsivity and course of illness in bipolar disorder

Impulsivity results from dysregulation of the initiation of action (1, 2), an integral part of bipolar disorder (3). Operationalized as a predisposition to action without reflection or without regard for consequences (2), impulsivity is increased in bipolar disorder (4–6). Potential consequences of this increased impulsivity include substance abuse (7, 8), suicidal behavior (9–11), and other serious behavioral problems (12). Impulsivity has interacting state- and trait-like characteristics (5, 13). Trait impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (1), is increased in bipolar disorder, even when patients are euthymic (4, 13, 14). Impulsivity may also be related differentially to mania, depression, and anxiety (13, 15, 16). Increased impulsivity is consistent with many characteristics of bipolar disorder (6), but there is relatively little evidence directly linking measurements of impulsivity to specific illness-course characteristics of bipolar disorder. Patients with bipolar disorder vary substantially in their course of illness. Early onset and more frequent episodes are associated with susceptibility to mixed states (17) and with resistance to lithium treatment (18–20). Trait impulsivity is potentially related to the long-term course of bipolar disorder, whether as a consequence of unstable illness or as an expression of biological factors predisposing to a severe course (17), and may further worsen course of illness by contributing to substance abuse (8) and nonadherence to treatment (21). Patients with early-onset or highly recurrent bipolar disorder have characteristics consistent with impulsivity, including substance use disorders, aggression, and suicide attempts (22–24), but there is little direct evidence about impulsivity in these patients. Education and age can influence impulsivity and may confound the interpretation of variations in impulsivity relative to illness course; for example, either severe bipolar disorder or impulsive behavior could interfere with completion of education, while education could potentially provide cognitive tools for counteracting impulsivity (25, 26). We examined trait impulsivity in bipolar disorder in relation to demographic characteristics, symptoms, and course of illness. After characterizing relationships to age, education, and gender, we investigated relationships between trait-like impulsivity and age of onset, frequency of episodes, substance use disorders, and suicidal behavior.
The Minnesota robotic visual tracker: a flexible testbed for vision-guided robotic research

Most early research in robotic visual tracking, especially prior to 1990, separated the vision processing and robot control aspects of the system. Attempts to solve the problem close the control loop by incorporating the output of the vision processing as an input to the control subsystem. The controlled active vision framework describes one such approach wherein dynamic target, camera, and environmental factors are incorporated via adaptive controllers that utilize the sum-of-squared differences (SSD) optical flow measurements as an input to the control loop. This paper describes work at the University of Minnesota's Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Vision Laboratory in developing the Minnesota Robotic Visual Tracker (MRVT), a controlled active vision robotic testbed. In addition, enhancements to the basic SSD algorithm are presented that produce order-of-magnitude improvements over previously reported results. >
Systematized porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle naevus: report of a case and review of the literature

We report a unique case of a congenital keratinocytic naevus associated with severe alopecia, onychodysplasia and palmoplantar involvement in a 13-year-old girl. The lesions, consisting of scaly, spinous and verrucous papules and plaques, mainly followed Blaschko's lines and have remained unchanged since birth. The predominant histopathological picture was that of a column of parakeratosis overlying the eccrine ostia and hair follicles. This is the first case of a systematized keratinocytic naevus characterized by histopathology of eccrine and hair follicle porokeratosis and a widespread bilateral involvement. This may be a distinct entity to be included in the differential diagnosis of linear, hyperkeratotic dermatoses. We suggest its classification as systematized porokeratotic eccrine and hair follicle naevus.
Chronic Expiratory Air-Flow Obstruction — Cause or Effect of Centrilobular Emphysema?

1. This report presents the results of post-mortem function and structure measurements and their correlations in 139 normal lungs and 101 lungs with centrilobular emphysema (CLE). 2. Total lung volume is consistently increased above normal in lungs with CLE even when the disease is discovered incidentally in persons dying of other diseases, including trauma. The greater the extent of emphysema, the larger the total lung volume. 3. The one-second expiratory volume is slightly lower than normal in lungs with slight emphysema and is markedly reduced in lungs with moderate or severe disease, i.e. more than 30 per cent. 4. These data are interpreted as supporting the conclusion that emphysema causes expiratory air-flow obstruction rather than air-flow obstruction being the cause of emphysema.
Wave-Turbulence Interactions in a Breaking Mountain Wave

Abstract The mean and turbulent structures in a breaking mountain wave are considered through an ensemble of high-resolution (essentially large-eddy simulation) wave-breaking calculations. Of particular interest are the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes in the breaking wave and their roles in shaping the wave-scale and larger-scale flows. The evolution of the breaking wave in the ensemble mean is found to be broadly consistent with prior low-resolution calculations. A turbulent kinetic energy budget for the wave shows that the turbulence production is almost entirely due to the mean shear. Most of the production is at the top of the leeside shooting flow, where the mean-flow Richardson number is persistently less than 0.25. The turbulent dissipation of mean-flow wave energy is shown to result mainly from the turbulent momentum fluxes—specifically, from the tendency of these fluxes to act counter to the mean-flow disturbance wind. Of particular importance is the eddy deceleration of the leeside shooting f...
Gap statistics for whole genome shotgun DNA sequencing projects

Motivation: Investigators utilize gap estimates for DNA sequencing projects. Standard theories assume sequences are independently and identically distributed, leading to appreciable under-prediction of gaps. Results: Using a statistical scaling factor and data from 20 representative whole genome shotgun projects, we construct regression equations that relate coverage to a normalized gap measure. Prokaryotic genomes do not correlate to sequence coverage, while eukaryotes show strong correlation if the chaff is ignored. Gaps decrease at an exponential rate of only about one-third of that predicted via theory alone. Case studies suggest that departure from theory can largely be attributed to assembly difficulties for repeat-rich genomes, but bias and coverage anomalies are also important when repeats are sparse. Such factors cannot be readily characterized a priori, suggesting upper limits on the accuracy of gap prediction. We also find that diminishing coverage probability discussed in other studies is a theoretical artifact that does not arise for the typical project.
A determination of solubility coefficient values determined by gravimetric and isostatic permeability techniques

The solubility coefficient (s) values for ethyl acetate in three heat sealant polymer membranes (LDPE, LLDPE and ionomer) were determined over a range of permeant vapour concentrations by a gravimetric procedure and an isostatic permeability technique. The respective solubility coefficient values obtained by the two methods were found to be in good agreement, with no statistically significant difference observed as a function of vapour activity. This agreement suggests that the solubility coefficient values obtained were independent of permeant vapour activity, and the sorption process followed a Henry's law relationship over the vapour concentration range evaluated. Comparison of the solubility coefficient values obtained by the gravimetric and isostatic permeability techniques showed reasonably good agreement over the vapour concentration range considered, with the S values obtained from permeability experiments being approximately 25% higher than those obtained from sorption measurements. Because of the procedural differences between the gravimetric and isostatic permeability techniques, this agreement is considered to be within acceptable limits. For the gravimetric technique, the solubility coefficient value is determined directly from the steady-state portion of the sorption profile curve, while the solubility coefficient value obtained from the permeability experiment is derived from transient state data. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Endocrinology of Spermatogenesis in Birds II. Effect of Androgens

Abstract THE effect of the administration of male hormones upon testes weight and spermatogenesis in both normal and hypophysectomized mammals has been studied extensively. Comparable studies with birds are limited and the results are contradictory due, it is believed, to variations in time of administration in relation to the normal stage of spermatogenesis, and to level of dosage. Male starlings were injected by Burger (1944) with 1.0 mg. testosterone propionate every 72 hours for periods of 26 to 36 days. Testes naturally in the later stages of spermatogenesis were unaffected while those in early stages showed an initial depression in size and activity by the androgen. Under continued treatment of light and androgen, spermatogenesis occurred but androgen depressed rather than stimulated the rate. In a second bird, the sparrow, Pfeiffer (1947) reported that testosterone propionate at the level of 0.25 mg. daily would stimulate the completion of spermatogenesis provided the testes . . .
Completing the viability demonstration of direct-drive inertial fusion energy target engagement

A significant challenge for the successful implosion of direct-drive inertial fusion energy (IFE) targets is the repeated alignment of multiple laser beams on moving targets with accuracy on the order of 20 µm. Adding to the difficulty, targets will be traveling up to 100 m/s through a chamber environment that may disturb their trajectories.
The Art of Hybrid Images: Two for the View of One

Hybrid images are static pictures with two interpretations that change depending on the image’s viewing distance or size. The phenomenon of hybrid images arises from the multiscale processing of images in the human visual system. By taking into account perceptual grouping mechanisms, one can build compelling hybrid images with two different stable interpretations: one that appears when the image is viewed up-close, and the other that appears from afar. Hybrid images can be used to create compelling prints and photographs in which the observer experiences different percepts when interacting with the image.
An Algorithmic Approach for Generic Parallel Adders

Binary addition is the most fundamental and frequently used operation. A well-designed adder should be fast and satisfy the application requirements. We propose an algorithmic approach to generate an irregular parallel-prefix adder, which has minimal delay for a given profile of input signals. It can cover different topologies such as ripple-carry, carry-skip and carry-select adders. Compared with Kogge-Stone and Brent-Kung adders, the results of the proposed approach have the smallest output delay.
Impact of electronic chemotherapy order forms on prescribing errors at an urban medical center: results from an interrupted time-series analysis

Objective To evaluate the impact of electronic standardized chemotherapy templates on incidence and types of prescribing errors. Design A quasi-experimental interrupted time series with segmented regression. Setting A 700-bed multidisciplinary tertiary care hospital with an ambulatory cancer center. Participants A multidisciplinary team including oncology physicians, nurses, pharmacists and information technologists. Intervention(S) Standardized, regimen-specific, chemotherapy prescribing forms were developed and implemented over a 32-month period. Main Outcome Measure(s) Trend of monthly prevented prescribing errors per 1000 chemotherapy doses during the pre-implementation phase (30 months), immediate change in the error rate from pre-implementation to implementation and trend of errors during the implementation phase. Errors were analyzed according to their types: errors in communication or transcription, errors in dosing calculation and errors in regimen frequency or treatment duration. Relative risk (RR) of errors in the post-implementation phase (28 months) compared with the pre-implementation phase was computed with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Baseline monthly error rate was stable with 16.7 prevented errors per 1000 chemotherapy doses. A 30% reduction in prescribing errors was observed with initiating the intervention. With implementation, a negative change in the slope of prescribing errors was observed (coefficient = −0.338; 95% CI: −0.612 to −0.064). The estimated RR of transcription errors was 0.74; 95% CI (0.59–0.92). The estimated RR of dosing calculation errors was 0.06; 95% CI (0.03–0.10). The estimated RR of chemotherapy frequency/duration errors was 0.51; 95% CI (0.42–0.62). Conclusions Implementing standardized chemotherapy-prescribing templates significantly reduced all types of prescribing errors and improved chemotherapy safety.
First Report of Brown Ring Patch Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa annua in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

In summer of 2008, two turfgrass samples were submitted to the Turfgrass Diagnostic Lab at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The samples were from golf courses in Beaver Dam, WI on 12 June and Minneapolis, MN on 14 July. Both samples were collected from 40-year-old native soil putting greens mowed at 3.2 mm that had received annual sand topdressing since 1992. The putting greens were a mixture of approximately 75% annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and 25% creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Stand symptoms observed in the field were bright yellow, sunken rings that were approximately 5 cm thick and 15 to 35 cm in diameter. Some rings were incomplete, giving a scalloped appearance. Affected plants were severely chlorotic and lacked any discrete lesions or spots. Symptoms were more prominent on annual bluegrass than creeping bentgrass. Upon incubation of samples at room temperature in a moist chamber for 24 h, fungal mycelia with septations and right-angle branching were observed in the foliage and...
PEX11 promotes peroxisome division independently of peroxisome metabolism

The PEX11 peroxisomal membrane proteins are the only factors known to promote peroxisome division in multiple species. It has been proposed that PEX11 proteins have a direct role in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, and that they only affect peroxisome abundance indirectly. Here we show that PEX11 proteins are unique in their ability to promote peroxisome division, and that PEX11 overexpression promotes peroxisome division in the absence of peroxisomal metabolic activity. We also observed that mouse cells lacking PEX11β display reduced peroxisome abundance, even in the absence of peroxisomal metabolic substrates, and that PEX11β−/− mice are partially deficient in two distinct peroxisomal metabolic pathways, ether lipid synthesis and very long chain fatty acid oxidation. Based on these and other observations, we propose that PEX11 proteins act directly in peroxisome division, and that their loss has indirect effects on peroxisome metabolism.
Thermal waves, second sound - work of Witold Kosiński

This paper is dedicated to Witold Kosinski. Our contribution to this special issue will concentrate on the properties of thermal waves, one of many scientic interests of our friend and collaborator, and this article is dedicated to his memory. Working together with Witold was always an insightful and very pleasant experience, and it beneted all of his coworkers including the authors of this note. His scope of research was broad, spanning many disciplines and applications. Here we focus on a few of those aspects to which he applied a deep knowledge of continuum thermodynamics and its mathematical foundations.
Corporate Philanthrophic Practices

We study corporate philanthropy using an original database that includes firm-level data on dollar giving, giving priorities, governance, and managerial involvement in giving programs. Results provide some support for the theory that giving enhances shareholder value, as firms in the same industry tend to adopt similar giving practices and firms that advertise more intensively also give more to charity. But much of our evidence indicates that agency costs play a prominent role in explaining corporate giving. Firms with larger boards of directors are associated with significantly more cash giving and with the establishment of corporate foundations. Consistent with effective monitoring by creditors, firms with higher debt-to-value ratios give less cash to charities and are less likely to establish foundations. The empirical work considers the impact of industry regulation on giving and controls for state philanthropy laws and fiduciary responsibility laws.