cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Canine Enteric Coronaviruses: Emerging Viral Pathogens with Distinct Recombinant Spike Proteins

Canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV) is an alphacoronavirus infecting dogs that is closely related to enteric coronaviruses of cats and pigs. While CCoV has traditionally caused mild gastro-intestinal clinical signs, there are increasing reports of lethal CCoV infections in dogs, with evidence of both gastrointestinal and systemic viral dissemination. Consequently, CCoV is now considered to be an emerging infectious disease of dogs. In addition to the two known serotypes of CCoV, novel recombinant variants of CCoV have been found containing spike protein N-terminal domains (NTDs) that are closely related to those of feline and porcine strains. The increase in disease severity in dogs and the emergence of novel CCoVs can be attributed to the high level of recombination within the spike gene that can occur during infection by more than one CCoV type in the same host.
The developmental toxicity of orally administered oxytetracycline in rats and mice

Timed-pregnant CD rats and CD-1 mice were dosed by gavage with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OXT) in corn oil on gestational days (gd) 6-15 (0, 1200, 1350, or 1500 mg/kg/day for rats; 0, 1325, 1670, or 2100 mg/kg/day for mice). Deaths among treated females occurred in a dose-related manner in all OXT dose groups (2-7%, mice; 5-24%, rats), but no maternal deaths occurred in the vehicle control groups. Significant dose-related decreases in maternal weight gain during treatment, as well as for corrected gestational weight gain (i.e., maternal gestational weight gain minus gravid uterine weight), were observed at all doses in rats but not in mice. Gravid uterine weight was reduced in a dose-related manner only in mice, with the high-dose group significantly reduced compared to the control group. At termination (gd 20, rats; gd 17, mice), the status of uterine implantation sites was recorded and live fetuses were weighed. Fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. There were no significant effects of OXT in either species on the incidence of postimplantation loss (resorptions plus dead fetuses) or malformations. In both species, there was a significant trend toward reduced fetal body weight, and each group of rats receiving OXT was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Administration of OXT during organogenesis at doses exceeding the therapeutic range for humans produced maternal and fetal toxicity, but did not produce any treatment-related increase in malformations.
An approach to effects-based modeling for wargaming

Effects-based operations (EBO) are proving to be a vital part of current concepts of operations in military missions and consequently need to be an integral part of current generation wargames. EBO focuses on the producing effects from military activities, as opposed to the direct result of attacking targets. Alternatively, the emphasis of conventional wargames is focused on attrition-based modeling and is incapable of assessing effects and their contribution to the overall mission objectives. For wargames to be effective, they must allow users to evaluate multiple ways to accomplish the same goal with a combination of direct, indirect and cascading events (actions). The focus of this paper is to describe the development of a methodology for the implementation of EBO concepts into modern wargames. The design approach was to develop a generic methodology and demonstrate how simulation objects can incorporate EBO capabilities. The authors will illustrate the application of the methodology utilizing an EBO scenario example, which was developed to test the system.
Introduction: how will health systems adopt new genetics technology?

New discoveries in the field of genetics are announced daily, and the potential impact for particular patients and population groups is unmistakable and exciting. It is less well understood, however, how health systems will adopt these new technologies. Genetics is likely to alter the structure of health systems in fundamental ways. For example, the roles of professions such as health counsellors and educators are likely to expand substantially, while the case mix faced by physicians in both ambulatory and in-patient settings will shift. Health insurers will have to learn how to reimburse for new services, and there will be reductions in the use of other healthcare services. The pharmaceutical industry will have to develop drugs for smaller groups of patients, because the one-size-fits-all model of drug therapy will become obsolete in more and more areas. All this is both exciting and threatening at the same time. Exploring some of these broader pressures is important now, at the early stage of technological development.
A Comparison of Pragmatic Language in Boys with Autism and Fragile X Syndrome.

Purpose Impaired pragmatic language (i.e., language use for social interaction) is a hallmark feature of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known monogenic disorder associated with ASD. However, few cross-population comparisons of ASD and FXS have been conducted, and it is unclear whether pragmatic language profiles in these conditions overlap. Method The authors used seminaturalistic and standardized assessment methods to characterize pragmatic language abilities of 29 school-aged boys with idiopathic ASD, 38 with FXS and comorbid ASD, 16 with FXS without ASD, 20 with Down syndrome, and 20 with typical development. Results Similar severity of pragmatic language deficits was observed in both of the groups with ASD (idiopathic and fragile X-associated). ASD comorbidity had a detrimental effect on the pragmatic language skills of the boys with FXS. Some different patterns emerged across the two pragmatic assessment tools, with more robust group differences obse...
Commentary: The spine and vibration: whole lotta shaking going on.

COMMENTARY ON Holguin N, Martin JT, Elliott DM, Judex S. Low-intensity vibrations partially maintain intervertebral disc mechanics and spinal muscle area during deconditioning. Spine J 2013;13:428–36 ( in this issue )
The professionalization of humanitarian health assistance: report of a survey on what humanitarian health workers tell us.

Introduction:While the number of humanitarian health workers has grown considerably along with the emphasis on evidence-based humanitarian practice over the last 15 years, no organization exists to ensure ongoing professionalization of this area of expertise.Hypothesis/Problem:To determine whether and to what degree the community of humanitarian health workers self-identify as a professional group; whether a need for a professional society exists to support such a group; and if so, what fundamental elements and activities should it encompass and provide.Methods:A humanitarian, listserv-based survey was undertaken to evaluate humanitarian professional self-identification, needs for and interest in professional support functions, and priorities toward developing a professional organization to provide needed services.Results:The resulting respondent population represented a broad distribution of age and experience with education and experience being equally important factors in defining humanitarian health professionals. Respondents viewed themselves as humanitarian professionals nearly to the extent they viewed themselves as health-specific technical experts who happen to work in humanitarian assistance; they expressed a strong desire to establish a professional society reflecting that self-identification; and that body should focus on activities of education and training, networking and dialogue, and developing and refining core competencies to support best practices.Conclusions:Humanitarian health workers self-identify as professionals in humanitarian assistance and as technical experts. A professional organization with specific support functions would be of interest to many humanitarian health professionals.
The duality between information embedding and source coding with side information and some applications

Aspects of the duality between the information-embedding problem and the Wyner-Ziv (1976) problem of source coding with side information at the decoder are developed and used to establish a spectrum new results on these and related problems, with implications for a number of important applications. The single-letter characterization of the information-embedding problem is developed and related to the corresponding characterization of the Wyner-Ziv problem, both of which correspond to optimization of a common mutual information difference. Dual variables and dual Markov conditions are identified, along with the dual role of noise and distortion in the two problems. For a Gaussian context with quadratic distortion metric, a geometric interpretation of the duality is developed. From such insights, we develop a capacity-achieving information-embedding system based on nested lattices. We show the resulting encoder-decoder has precisely the same decoder-encoder structure as the corresponding Wyner-Ziv system based on nested lattices that achieves the rate-distortion limit. For a binary context with Hamming distortion metric, the information-embedding capacity is developed, along with its relationship to the corresponding Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion function. In turn, an information-embedding system for this case based on nested linear codes is constructed having an encoder-decoder that is identical to the decoder-encoder structure for the corresponding system that achieves the Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion limit. Finally, based on these results, a simple layered joint source-channel coding system is developed with a perfectly symmetric encoder-decoder structure. Its application and performance is discussed in a broadcast setting in which there is a need to control the fidelity experienced by different receivers. Among other results, we show that such systems and their multilayer extensions retain attractive optimality properties in the Gaussian-quadratic case, but not in the binary-Hamming case.
Rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a SEER population based study.

Objective To examine incidence and outcomes for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods The SEER registry was examined for patients with RMS Results Overall, 1544 patients were identified for an incidence of 0.4414/100,000 per year. Males outnumbered females 3:2. Tumors were classified as embryonal (67%), alveolar (32%), and pleomorphic (1%). Alveolar and pleomorphic RMS were more common in adolescents, whereas embryonal type was more common in younger children (P = 0.0001). Pleomorphic (47%) and alveolar (39%) RMS commonly presented with distant disease, in contrast to embryonal (25%). Most patients had surgical resection (81%) and radiotherapy (63%). Overall, 5- and 10-y survival was 60% and 57%, respectively. Univariate analysis identified higher survival for age Conclusions Embryonal histology, the most common type of pediatric RMS, presents in young children and has better prognosis than alveolar or pleomorphic types. Patients with embryonal tumors, favorable tumor location, age
Effect of diffusion layer pH and solubility on the dissolution rate of pharmaceutical bases and their hydrochloride salts I: Phenazopyridine

The pH-solubility profile of phenazopyridine as determined by the addition of HCl or NaOH solutions to its aqueous suspension was identical to that of its hydrochloride salt except during phase transition from base to salt. With the addition of HCl to a suspension of the base, the pH dropped to a certain point and then remained constant until a supersaturated solution was formed. Only after a high supersaturation did precipitation of the hydrochloride salt occur. The solubility of the salt decreased at low pH due to a common ion effect. Unlike solubility profiles, the pH-intrinsic dissolution rate profiles of the base and its salt differed greatly. At low pH, the dissolution rate of the hydrochloride salt decreased with an increase in HCl concentration, whereas the dissolution rate of the base increased. The self-buffering action of the base and the increase in solubility, leading to a supersaturation of the diffusion layer was responsible for the increase in its dissolution rate with a lowering of the pH of the medium. Good conformity with the Noyes-Whitney equation was demonstrated when the solubility values under pH conditions such that the diffusion layer thickness approaches zero (Cs,h = 0) were used rather than solubilities under pH conditions of the bulk media (Cs). Supersaturation of the dissolution medium was observed during dissolution of the hydrochloride salt at pH 7.
Rapid Independent Trait Evolution despite a Strong Pleiotropic Genetic Correlation

AbstractGenetic correlations are the most commonly studied of all potential constraints on adaptive evolution. We present a comprehensive test of constraints caused by genetic correlation, comparing empirical results to predictions from theory. The additive genetic correlation between the filament and the corolla tube in wild radish flowers is very high in magnitude, is estimated with good precision (), and is caused by pleiotropy. Thus, evolutionary changes in the relative lengths of these two traits should be constrained. Still, artificial selection produced rapid evolution of these traits in opposite directions, so that in one replicate relative to controls, the difference between them increased by six standard deviations in only nine generations. This would result in a 54% increase in relative fitness on the basis of a previous estimate of natural selection in this population, and it would produce the phenotypes found in the most extreme species in the family Brassicaceae in less than 100 generations....
KEYS TO THE KINGDOM: CURRENT SCHOLARSHIP ON SAUDI ARABIA

Among the Arab states of the Middle East and North Africa, Saudi Arabia is at once paradigmatic and exceptional. The kingdom epitomizes what every schoolchild knows about this part of the world—limitless deserts, camel-herding nomads, oil wells, jet-setting princes, reactionary religious authorities, severely restricted gender relations—all in one neat package. At the same time, it takes these features to extremes approximated only by neighboring Abu Dhabi and Qatar, neither one of which has elicited anything like the same degree of journalistic or scholarly scrutiny. It is no wonder that the concept of the rentier state has been applied more persistently and innovatively to Saudi Arabia than anywhere else, including Iran, whose political economy the notion was originally coined to describe.
Selectin–carbohydrate interactions in shear flow

Hydrodynamic shear creates mechanical stresses on selectin bonds, modulating affinity and kinetic parameters. Chemical modification of sialyl Lewis(x) increases the strength of L-selectin bonds without altering recognition, suggesting that mechanical and biorecognition characteristics are separable. L-selectin bond formation rates may be strongly influenced by sulfate orientation in sulfo sialyl Lewis(x).
Analysis of the atmospheric distribution, sources, and sinks of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals based on measurements over the Pacific during TRACE‐P

Airborne measurements of a large number of oxygenated volatile organic chemicals (OVOC) were carried out in the Pacific troposphere (0.1-12 km) in winter/spring of 2001 (24 February to 10 April). Specifically, these measurements included acetone (CH3COCH3), methylethyl ketone (CH3COC2H5, MEK), methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO), peroxyacylnitrates (PANs) (C(sub n)H(sub 2n+1)COO2NO2), and organic nitrates (C(sub n)H(sub 2n+1)ONO2). Complementary measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO), methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and selected tracers were also available. OVOC were abundant in the clean troposphere and were greatly enhanced in the outflow regions from Asia. Background mixing ratios were typically highest in the lower troposphere and declined toward the upper troposphere and the lowermost stratosphere. Their total abundance (Summation of OVOC) was nearly twice that of nonmethane hydrocarbons (Summation of C2-C8 NMHC). Throughout the troposphere, the OH reactivity of OVOC is comparable to that of methane and far exceeds that of NMHC. A comparison of these data with western Pacific observations collected some 7 years earlier (February-March 1994) did not reveal significant differences. Mixing ratios of OVOC were strongly correlated with each other as well as with tracers of fossil and biomass/biofuel combustion. Analysis of the relative enhancement of selected OVOC with respect to CH3Cl and CO in 12 plumes originating from fires and sampled in the free troposphere (3-11 km) is used to assess their primary and secondary emissions from biomass combustion. The composition of these plumes also indicates a large shift of reactive nitrogen into the PAN reservoir thereby limiting ozone formation. A three-dimensional global model that uses state of the art chemistry and source information is used to compare measured and simulated mixing ratios of selected OVOC. While there is reasonable agreement in many cases, measured aldehyde concentrations are significantly larger than predicted. At their observed levels, acetaldehyde mixing ratios are shown to be an important source of HCHO (and HO x ) and PAN in the troposphere. On the basis of presently known chemistry, measured mixing ratios of aldehydes and PANs are mutually incompatible. We provide rough estimates of the global sources of several OVOC and conclude that collectively these are extremely large (150-500 Tg C / yr) but remain poorly quantified.
Prosperity's Children: Generational Change and Japan's Future Leadership

This study measures generational differences in the views of Japanese legislators across three key areas of Japan's political discourse—economic policy, security policy, and cultural issues related to right-wing nationalism. The study then explores the policy implications of these differences through three plausible midterm scenarios.
Digital City Bristol: A Case Study

Digital City Bristol (DCB) aims to stimulate the provision of a sustainable and visually appealing Internet resource. Users of DCB can access public information about the city of Bristol, its organisations and its inhabitants. The web site is based around a graphical interface of piers in a harbour, each of which represents a different theme such as leisure, business, education or community groups. Initiated by Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, the project was developed with help of Bristol City Council, the University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol Evening Post and City NetGates Ltd. The pilot site was launched in March 1997.
Nanoscale Tuning of Grain Boundary Potential Barriers in Doped Strontium Titanate

Perovskite oxides are systems exhibiting a broad spectrum of technologically important properties. In particular, there has been a substantial interest in exploiting their functionality for superconductivity, ferromagnetism, magneto-resistance, ionic conductivity, and as next generation dielectrics [1]. Over the years it has become very clear that nanoscale features of interfaces in such materials often influence bulk phenomena and interface mediated properties. The electrical activity of such interfaces originates from a convoluted yet tractable interplay among numerous interfacial variables, including local atomic structure, defect chemistry and resultant localized changes in electronic structure. This is the basis for formation of interfacial trapped charge, and space-charge potential, which modify substantially under applied bias. An excellent example of this observed in electroceramics, where, the trapping of charge at interfaces has a decisive influence on the electrical transport properties through the formation of electrostatic potential barriers [2].
Image Annotation with ISO-Space: Distinguishing Content from Structure

Natural language descriptions of visual media present interesting problems for linguistic annotation of spatial information. This paper explores the use of ISO-Space, an annotation specification to capturing spatial information, for encoding spatial relations mentioned in descriptions of images. Especially, we focus on the distinction between references to representational content and structural components of images, and the utility of such a distinction within a compositional semantics. We also discuss how such a structure-content distinction within the linguistic annotation can be leveraged to compute further inferences about spatial configurations depicted by images with verbal captions. We construct a composition table to relate content-based relations to structure-based relations in the image, as expressed in the captions. While still preliminary, our initial results suggest that a weak composition table is both sound and informative for deriving new spatial relations.
Numerical Study on Buckling of Elastomeric Seismic Isolation Bearings

1. ABSTRACT Seismic isolation allows the engineer to control damage in moderate and large earthquakes for both a building and its contents using low-cost structural systems. At the present time, there are several types of isolation system in use, many variants of existing systems are being developed, and new systems are being proposed and investigated. The most widely adopted system uses elastomeric bearings that decouple the building or structure from the horizontal components of the ground motion by interposing the structural elements with low horizontal stiffness between the structure and the foundation. This soft layer gives the structure a fundamental frequency that is much lower than both its fixed-base frequency and the predominant frequencies of the ground motion. One of the factors limiting further seismic application of bearings has been a general lack of knowledge regarding the buckling behavior of this type of bearing. The buckling of multi-layer elastomeric bearings under compression loads is a reasonably well-understood phenomenon. What is not well known is that theoretical buckling analysis for compression predicts that the isolator can buckle in tension at a load close to that for buckling in compression. The explanation of this rather counter-intuitive behavior is that the deformation in tension or compression is mainly shear and shear is inherently symmetric. The linear elastic model that leads to both compression and tension buckling is an extremely simple one and it might be argued that the tensile buckling may be an artifact of the model itself and not of the isolator. For this reason, the results of this simple model have been verified by a numerical simulation, using a finite element model of a multi-layer elastomeric bearing. The paper presents the major findings of the numerical analysis for the buckling of elastomeric bearings. The theoretical results are compared with a finite element analysis conducted on numerical models with various shape factors. The rubber material in the numerical models is assumed incompressible or almost incompressible and can undergo large deformations when the stress-strain relationship becomes significantly non-linear. The study shows that the prediction of tensile buckling by the simple linear elastic theory is, in fact, accurate and not an artifact of the model. The numerical study not only confirms the theoretical prediction but also shows an excellent correlation between theoretical and numerical buckling loads in both compression and tension and with other aspects of the behavior of multi-layer elastomeric bearings in tension and compression
Tuning Binding of Rubidium Ions to Planar and Curved Negatively Charged π Surfaces

Two new rubidium salts of the bowl-shaped corannulene monoanion radical C20H10•– (1•–), [Rb(15-crown-5)2+][C20H10–] (2) and [Rb(dicyclohexano-18-crown-6)+][C20H10–] (3), have been synthesized and structurally characterized in this work. An excess of 15-crown-5 ether provided full encapsulation of the rubidium ion in [Rb(15-crown-5)2]+, which precluded metal-directed π interactions with the anionic surface of C20H10•– in the solid-state structure of 2. The use of more sterically demanding dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 ether prevented the formation of polymeric chains previously seen with 18-crown-6 ether and favored the isolation of the discrete contact ion pair 3. Complex 3 is built on a convex η6 coordination of Rb+ to C20H10•–, reaffirming the exo-binding preference of rubidium ions toward the singly charged corannulene bowl. A rubidium salt of the planar coronene monoanion radical C24H12•– (4•–), [Rb(18-crown-6)+][C24H12–] (5), has also been prepared and structurally characterized to reveal a new binding mo...
The Undocumented Alien and His Aftermath

With President Jimmy Carter's announcement that the subject of "illegal aliens" would receive a high priority in his administration, the scene has been set for the first intensive treatment of this perplexing problem. Heretofore, only a few small factions of the American populace had expressed any particular concern or interest in this subject. The press has now saturated the media with analysis, commentary and news articles concerning the undocumented aliens, their impact upon the society, and suggestions for legislative reform. The topic of illegal aliens is now openly discussed by persons who, only a short time ago, had only the vaguest knowledge of the existence of such persons in the United States. The great fear now is that not enough in-depth analysis will be devoted to this complex sociological phenomenon involving the move? ment of literally millions of persons across national borders into the United States. Rapidly conceived panaceas have become the imminent danger. Undocumented aliens are present in the United States because job opportunities far exceed those available in their homeland. The average undocumented alien is poor, from a developing nation, and willing to undergo considerable personal risk in order to earn money in the United States and, perhaps, to establish eligibility under the immigration system to become a resident alien and, thus, establish his entitlement to remain in the United States on a permanent basis. In the Southeast United States, the largest number of undocumented immigrants are Mexican and entered the country surreptitiously. On the East Coast, particularly the northeast, the undocumented Hispanic or Black are from the Western Hemisphere (usually they are not from Mexico) and have entered the United States as tourists and violated the conditions of their status by remaining in the United States longer than authorized.
Caspase Exploitation by Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila remains a major health concern, especially for hospitalized patients. L. pneumophila in the environment can survive extracellular or as protozoan parasite within amoeba. After human infection it efficiently replicates in alveolar macrophages without activating inflammasome assembly and cleavage of caspase-1. In contrast murine macrophages actively recognize intracellular L. pneumophila via inflammasome components which initiate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, phagosomal maturation and pyroptotic cell death thereby leading to bacterial restriction. During this process flagellin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways trigger the canonical as well as the non-canonical inflammasome. This review describes the current knowledge about L. pneumophila-induced inflammasome pathways in permissive and restrictive host cells.
The cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum: applications in basic and applied research on malaria.

(1987). The cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum: applications in basic and applied research on malaria. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology: Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 511-529.
Hormone Receptors: An Update and Application

The introduction of measurements of hormone receptors in breast cancer tumor specimens provides a major advance in selection of patients likely to have hormone-dependent cancers. Endocrine adjuvant treatment for estrogen-positive breast cancers in both pre- and postmenopausal women has been shown to be effective in delaying recurrence. Whenever possible, estrogen and progesterone receptors should be measured in tumor tissue from all patients with breast cancer.
Is dentistry through with film

Film is the top choice for a full-mouth radiographic series. While cost and computer dependency are no longer major obstacles to using filmless radiography (FR), many clinicians still are reluctant to adopt the newer method because they are concerned about its diagnostic efficacy. Those concerns are not borne out in recent dental literature. FR's diagnostic capabilities and beneficial properties, which include decreased patient radiation exposure and nominal time needed to view an X-ray image, may have helped it surpass film as the modality of choice for some aspects of dental radiography, particularly procedures requiring selective periapical radiographic analysis.
P1 transduction map spanning the replication terminus of Escherichia coli K12.

The region of the E. coli chromosome that contains the replication terminus has not previously been spanned by P1 cotransduction. We have used Tn5, Tn9 and Tn10 transposons inserted in this region as genetic markers, and have constructed a genetic map that extends from fnr (min 29.3) to manA (min 35.7). The relevant transposons that have been mapped in this region and which are described in this report are trgl::Tn5 (min 31.1), zdc-235::Tn10 (min 32.3), zdd-230::Tn9 (min 33.3), and zde-234::Tn10 (min 34.2). The size of this region as determined by P1 cotransduction is very similar to previous estimates obtained by bacterial conjugation.
Enhancing the Utility of Antibiotic Susceptibility Reporting as a Tool for Antimicrobial Stewardship

Hospital antibiograms are a method for presenting cumulative antibiotic susceptibility data using routinely collected clinical microbiology data. They provide critical foundational knowledge to inform development of antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) strategies but are also provided to clinicians to inform empiric antibiotic therapy selection. Earlier research has demonstrated that use of the antibiogram to direct prudent antibiotic selection is less than desired. Use by non-infectious disease practitioners has been limited, and antibiotic prescribing has not aligned with ASP goals. Over the past 5 years, newer research has emerged to increase the utility of the antibiogram through education, stratification, and cross-tabulation of data for combination therapy. These approaches focus on increasing use of the cumulative antibiogram and ensuring that the data appropriately influence the antibiotic therapy selection. Data available to date suggest that these strategies can be effective methods of increasing use of concordant and relatively narrow spectrum empiric antibiotic regimens.
Acceptable Homosexual Heterosexuality: Hanns Heinz Ewers's Fundvogel and National Socialist Ideology

Beginning with a description of the two chief wings of the German homosexual emancipation movement in the early twentieth century, the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee and the Community of the Self-Owners, the article shows how Hanns Heinz Ewers's novel, Fundvogel, is a unique combination of seemingly antithetical ideologies. The novel's rather fantastic plot centers on a sex change operation and the question of transforming heterosexual and homosexual desire. The analysis demonstrates how Ewers attempts to fuse together his earlier social attitudes toward homosexuality with his newer political beliefs as a member of the Nazi party. It is found that heterosexuality triumphs, but homosexuality is not completely eradicated; instead, masking makes it acceptable.
Ship Control Technology; A US Navy Perspective

Abstract The influence of rapid technology growth and Total Ownership Cost (TOC) reduction pressures on control system design is investigated. The US Navy Smart Ship Program is reviewed as an example of a program seeking to leverage commercial technologies (hardware and software) and apply them to US Navy ships. Advanced control system architectures are explored, beginning with autonomous control concepts using component level intelligence techniques, and proceeding to advanced architectures utilizing intelligent agents. The paper concludes with a discussion of advanced sensing and maintenance techniques.
Declining old-forest species as a legacy of large trees lost

Aim Global declines in large old trees from selective logging have degraded old-forest ecosystems, which could lead to delayed declines or losses of old-forest-associated wildlife populations (i.e., extinction debt). We applied the declining population paradigm and explored potential evidence for extinction debt in an old-forest dependent species across landscapes with different histories of large tree logging. Location Montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Methods We tested hypotheses about the influence of forest structure on territory extinction dynamics of the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) using detection/non-detection data from 1993 to 2011 across two land tenures: national forests, which experienced extensive large tree logging over the past century, and national parks, which did not. Results Large tree/high canopy cover forest was the best predictor of extinction rates and explained 26%–77% of model deviance. Owl territories with more large tree/high canopy cover forest had lower extinction rates, and this forest type was ~4 times more prevalent within owl territories in national parks (x¯ = 19% of territory) than national forests (x¯ = 4% of territory). As such, predicted extinction probability for an average owl territory was ~2.5 times greater in national forests than national parks, where occupancy was declining (λ¯^<1) and stable (λ¯^=1), respectively. Large tree/high canopy cover forest remained consistently low, but did not decline, during the study period on national forests while owl declines were ongoing—an observation consistent with an extinction debt. Main conclusions In identifying a linkage between large trees and spotted owl dynamics at a regional scale, we provide evidence suggesting past logging of large old trees may have contributed to contemporary declines in an old-forest species. Strengthening protections for remaining large old trees and promoting their recruitment in the future will be critical for biodiversity conservation in the world's forests.
Exploring how bicultural and assimilated children of Mexican origin influence their Latina mothers' diet: Perspectives from mothers and children.

Abstract Social and cultural factors influence dietary intake and behaviors. Research shows that mothers consume a lower quality diet when they have a child who is assimilated to the US culture versus bicultural. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively compare how bicultural and assimilated children influenced their culturally traditional mothers' dietary intake/behaviors. Separate one-on-one interviews with 21 Mexican-origin mothers and their bicultural (n = 11) or assimilated (n = 10) children (10–13 years old) were conducted. We used framework analysis to reduce qualitative data to themes and subthemes. Data were analyzed separately and then compared between mothers of bicultural versus assimilated children. Mothers of bicultural children reported typically having an easier time consuming a better quality diet than mothers of assimilated children. For example, although all children requested non-traditional foods, bicultural children were typically more accepting of their mothers preparing traditional healthier foods than assimilated children. Furthermore, mothers believed their children's food preferences both influenced and were influenced by their own feeding styles. Mothers of bicultural children described using more “Mexican” (i.e., authoritative) feeding styles that they believed shaped their children's palate into preferring traditional foods. Mothers of assimilated children explained that their children's preference for non-traditional foods resulted in their use of more permissive or indulgent feeding styles. Longitudinal research is needed to test and confirm the directionality between feeding styles and child's food preferences. Interventions may need to consider the reciprocal influences between mothers' feeding styles, children's food preferences, and how children influence their mothers' dietary intake/behavior.
Destructive Interactions Between Murine Macrophages, Tumor Cells, and Antibodies of the IgG2a Isotype

Accumulated evidence from several laboratories indicates that murine antibodies of the IgG2a isotype are particularly potent in producing inhibition and destruction of murine tumors growing in situ (1–3) and of human tmors implanted in nude mice (4). Such antibodies can interact with macrophages to kill tumor cells in vitro (4,5), and macrophages have been implicated in the tumor destruction induced by IgG2a antibodies in vivo (3,4,5,6). Given this evidence, we examined the lytic interrelationships between macrophages, tumor cells, and antitumor antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in some detail. We here summarize the evidence that this interaction results in a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction, distinct in several regards from that usually effected by macrophages and pertinent to the destruction of growing neoplasms in vivo.
Randomized Response Sampling: Tools For Social Surveys

The randomized response technique (RRT) is useful for reducing response error problems when potentially sensitive questions such as the illegal use of drugs, sexual practice, illegal earning, or incidence of acts of domestic violence are included in surveys of human populations. Direct questioning of respondents about sensitive issues often results in either refusal of falsification of the answers. Social stigma and fear of reprisals sometimes result in untruthful, exaggerated, or misleading responses by respondents when apporached with conventional survey methods. Warner (1965) was the first to suggest an ingenious mehtod of counteracting fears in response to sensitive questions.
Zn2SbN3: growth and characterization of a metastable photoactive semiconductor

Ternary nitride semiconductors with wurtzite-derived crystal structures are an emerging class of materials for optoelectronic applications compatible with GaN and related III–V compounds. In particular, II–IV–V2 materials such as ZnSnN2 and ZnGeN2 have been very actively studied for applications in photovoltaics and light emitting devices. However, many other possible wurtzite-derived ternary nitrides have not been reported, and hence their optical and electrical properties remain unknown. Here, we report on Zn2SbN3 – the first Sb-based nitride and a photoactive semiconductor. Surprisingly, Zn2SbN3 contains Sb in the highest (5+) oxidation state, and in the unusual tetrahedral coordination. This new Zn2SbN3 material has a solar-matched 1.6–1.7 eV band gap and shows near-band-edge room-temperature photoluminescence, demonstrating its promise as an optoelectronic semiconductor. Finally, Zn2SbN3 can be synthesized at low temperature under a wide range of processing conditions, despite being metastable according to theoretical calculations. All these results, as well as the band position measurements, indicate that Zn2SbN3 is a promising emerging semiconductor for applications as an absorber in photovoltaic- and photoelectrochemical solar cells.
A gene filter for comparative analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing trajectory datasets

Abstract Unsupervised feature selection, or gene filtering, is a common preprocessing step to reduce the dimensionality of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data sets. Existing gene filters operate on scRNAseq datasets in isolation from other datasets. When jointly analyzing multiple datasets, however, there is a need for gene filters that are tailored to comparative analysis. In this work, we present a method for ranking the relevance of genes for comparing trajectory datasets. Our method is unsupervised, i.e., the cell metadata are not assumed to be known. Using the top-ranking genes significantly improves performance compared to methods not tailored to comparative analysis. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on previously published datasets from studies on preimplantation embryo development, neurogenesis and cardiogenesis.
Teams Research in Project Management and Organizational Behavior: Leveraging One Discipline to Propel Another

Teams and team related concepts have been investigated in the organizational behavior (OB) and project management (PM) disciplines for a century and nearly half-century respectfully. A five-decade, interdisciplinary examination of the OB and PM team literatures suggests areas for expeditiously incorporating OB concepts into PM research thus reducing an average 25-year "thematic lag" between OB's and PM's similar, team-centric research initiations. Adoption of a shared agenda, as done previously in other fields (e.g. Selznick, 1948), would allow PM researchers to leverage prior OB studies while focusing sharply on PM-specific team issues thus propelling research in theory and practice.
Multiple Stakeholder Views on Data Sharing in a Biobank in an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System: Implications for Biobank Governance.

BACKGROUND Beginning in 2005, researchers at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Division of Research developed the Research Program on Genes, Environment, and Health (RPGEH), a research resource of linked biospecimens, health surveys, and electronic health records on more than 200,000 adult KPNC members. This study examined multiple stakeholders' values and preferences regarding protection of participants' privacy and wide sharing of participant data by RPGEH. METHODS We conducted 45 semi-structured interviews in person or via phone and two focus groups with seven stakeholder groups, including RPGEH participants and decliners who are KPNC members, KPNC research scientists, external scientists, leadership, Human Subjects Research Protection Program staff, and RPGEH Community Advisory Panel members. RESULTS Three major themes emerged related to: (1) perceived individual and social harms associated with data sharing; (2) concerns to address when governing access to RPGEH data; and (3) impact of a blurred boundary between research and clinical care in the context of biobanking. CONCLUSIONS The study results were considered in the development of RPGEH data governance and motivated the inclusion of KPNC Community Advisory Panel members and ELSI experts on committees that evaluate data access proposals. Our findings can help inform other biobanks going through similar processes developing data sharing and access policies.
Differential Metabolomic Signatures in Patients with Weight Regain and Sustained Weight Loss After Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Pilot Study

While Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most effective and durable treatment options for obesity and its comorbidities, it is complicated by long-term weight regain in over 20% of patients. We sought to determine the metabolite signatures of serum samples of patients with weight regain (RYGB-WR) after RYGB and features distinguishing these patients from patients with sustained weight loss (RYGB-SWL). We prospectively analyzed serum samples from 21 RYGB-WR patients, 14 RYGB-SWL patients, and 11 unoperated controls. The main outcome measure was their serum metabolite profile. Weight regain after RYGB was associated with a unique serum metabolomic fingerprint. Most of the statistically different metabolites were involved in amino acid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and related nucleotide metabolism. A principal component analysis identified groups of metabolites that correlate with weight regain. Specifically, weight regain was associated with lower serum levels of metabolites related to the serine, glycine and threonine pathway, phenylalanine metabolism, tricyclic acid cycle, alanine and glutamate metabolism, and higher levels of other amino acids. Weight regain after RYGB is associated with unique serum metabolite signatures. Metabolite profiling may eventually help us to identify markers that could differentiate the patients who will regain weight versus those who will likely sustain weight loss.
Adjuvant systemic therapy for intermediate and large gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): Is there a survival benefit following margin negative surgical resection?

Abstract Background The value of adjuvant systemic therapy after margin-negative resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains unclear. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify patients undergoing margin negative resections for gastric GISTs >2 cm between 2010 and 2015. Patients were stratified by tumor size (small: 2.1–5 cm, intermediate: 5.1–10 cm, large: >10 cm), histologic grade (low: ≤5 mitoses/50 HPF and high: >5 mitoses/50 HPF), and use of adjuvant therapy. Multivariable cox proportional hazard methods were used to compare overall survival (OS). Results 3520 patients met inclusion criteria. Adjuvant therapy was associated with a statistical improvement in OS (86% vs. 76%, p = 0.014) for those with large tumors but had no measurable effect in patients with small or intermediate sized tumors. On multivariable analysis, this association was independent of grade. Conclusions Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved OS for patients with gastric GISTs >10 cm but provides no statistically significant benefit in OS for those with GISTs 2–10 cm
Attitudes of primary care physicians toward prescribing buprenorphine: a narrative review.

The opioid epidemic is a major public health issue associated with significant overdose deaths. Effective treatments exist, such as the medication buprenorphine, but are not widely available. This narrative review examines the attitudes of primary care providers (PCPs) toward prescribing buprenorphine. Narrative review of 20 articles published after the year 2000, using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to organize the findings. Three of the five CFIR domains (“Intervention Characteristics,” “Outer Setting,” “Inner Setting”) were strongly represented in our analysis. Providers were concerned about the clientele associated with buprenorphine, diversion, and their self-efficacy in prescribing the medication. Some believed that buprenorphine does not belong in the discipline of primary care. Other barriers included philosophical objections and stigma toward substance use disorders. Notably, two studies reported a shift in attitudes once physicians prescribed buprenorphine to actual patients. Negative attitudes toward buprenorphine encompassed multi-layered concerns, ranging from skepticism about the medication itself, the behaviors of patients with opioid use disorders, and beliefs regarding substance use disorders more generally. We speculate, however, that negative attitudes may be improved by tailoring support strategies that address providers’ self-efficacy and level of knowledge.