cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Artificial Intelligence Lemonade Out of Data Lemons: Adaptation of a Public Apical Echo Database for Creation of a Subxiphoid Visual Estimation Automatic Ejection Fraction Machine Learning Algorithm.

OBJECTIVES A paucity of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) databases limits machine learning (ML). Assess feasibility of training ML algorithms to visually estimate left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) from a subxiphoid (SX) window using only apical 4-chamber (A4C) images. METHODS Researchers used a long-short-term-memory algorithm for image analysis. Using the Stanford EchoNet-Dynamic database of 10,036 A4C videos with calculated exact EF, researchers tested 3 ML training permeations. First, training on unaltered Stanford A4C videos, then unaltered and 90° clockwise (CW) rotated videos and finally unaltered, 90° rotated and horizontally flipped videos. As a real-world test, we obtained 615 SX videos from Harbor-UCLA (HUCLA) with EF calculations in 5% ranges. Researchers performed 1000 randomizations of EF point estimation within HUCLA EF ranges to compensate for ML and HUCLA EF mismatch, obtaining a mean value for absolute error (MAE) comparison and performed Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS The ML algorithm EF mean MAE was estimated at 23.0, with a range of 22.8-23.3 using unaltered A4C video, mean MAE was 16.7, with a range of 16.5-16.9 using unaltered and 90° CW rotated video, mean MAE was 16.6, with a range of 16.3-16.8 using unaltered, 90° CW rotated and horizontally flipped video training. Bland-Altman showed weakest agreement at 40-45% EF. CONCLUSIONS Researchers successfully adapted unrelated ultrasound window data to train a POCUS ML algorithm with fair MAE using data manipulation to simulate a different ultrasound examination. This may be important for future POCUS algorithm design to help overcome a paucity of POCUS databases.
Are We Testing Those That Need It Most? Analyzing COVID-19 Testing and Outcomes across Income and Race in New York City.

New York City has seen a great deal of COVID-19 cases and deaths since the first positive test in March. This paper analyzes ZIP-code level COVID-19 outcomes with 2018 American Community Survey neighborhood data. I find residents of poor ZIP-codes and ZIP-codes with a greater fraction of the population identifying as black are more likely to test positive, more likely to die, and less likely to get tested for the virus. Such raises questions of how the virus spreads, how testing is allocated, and whether the cost of testing is different across different socioeconomic groups.
Chaotic Dynamics in Food-Limited Populations: Implications for Wildlife Management

Analysis of simple, discrete mechanistic models of population growth suggests that chaotic dynamics are more likely to occur than predicted by previous analyses of simple logistic models. Three outcomes of the analysis are interesting: (1) adding predation may induce chaotic dynamics in food-limited prey that otherwise would not exhibit chaos, (2) chaos is more likely in more productive environments, and (3) if chaotic dynamics occur, most often they will result in local extinction of the population. These outcomes suggest that chaos can occur even in large vertebrate species with inherently low reproductive rates. In addition, wildlife populations may be more likely to exhibit chaos in eutrophic environments such as agricultural areas. Consequently, the potential for chaotic dynamics may be an important consideration in decisions about wildlife conservation and management.
A quantitative morphological analysis of ethanol effect upon rat liver.

Ethanol ingestion causes morphological changes in the livers of man and animals. This report describes a quantitative morphometric analysis of ethanol effects upon rat liver and a comparison with some biochemical determinations. Twenty-four rats were divided into three pair-fed groups: chow and 25% ethanol in drinking water; chow and an amount of sucrose isocaloric to the ethanol; and 25% ethanol in water and chow supplemented with 2% choline. After 35 days, a portion of liver was prepared for electron microscopy by standard techniques. Liver was analyzed for total phospholipid, triglyceride, lecithin, nitroreductase activity, and aniline hydroxylase activity. Twenty-five electron micrographs were obtained randomly from each specimen. Micrographs were analyzed by the lineal analysis method for cell and nuclear dimensions, and fractional volume of cytoplasmic components including mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, lipid bodies, and glycogen. Surface area of the mitochondrial envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the approximate volume of mitochondria and peroxisomes were determined. Subjective analysis of electron micrographs failed to distinguish clearly the controls from the ethanol-treated rats. However, lineal analysis with statistical evaluation showed increased hepatic cell size (P
Review of Web-Based Module to Train and Assess Competency in Systems-Based Practice

This module has a goal of increasing learners' understanding of the care transitions process through an online, interactive interface that can be completed in approximately 30 minutes. The teaching is case-based, using a hypothetical patient to walk learners through the main elements that the author is emphasizing: highlighting the importance of communication during the discharge process, including the preparation of complete discharge summaries; explaining the sources of payment for elderly patients moving through the healthcare system; and discharge sites according to type and amount of therapy that patients can expect to receive.
Information: Concept Clarification and Theoretical Representation

The general theory of information is a synthetic approach, which organizes and encompasses all main directions in information theory. It is developed on three levels: conceptual, methodological and theoretical. On the conceptual level, the concept of information is purified and information operations are separated and described. On the methodological level, it is formulated as system of principles, explaining what information is and how to measure information. On the theoretical level, mathematical models of information are constructed and studied. The goal of this paper is to clarify the concept of information and discuss its mathematical models, establishing relations with physics as the most developed science.
Air-sea CO2 fluxes in the California Current: Impacts of model resolution and coastal topography

The present study uses a suite of coupled physical-biogeochemical model simulations at 1/3°, 1/10°, and 1/30° to assess the impact of horizontal resolution on air-sea CO2 fluxes in the California Current System (CCS), a relevant issue for downscaling between coarser resolution global climate models and higher resolution regional models. The results demonstrate that horizontal resolution is important to reproduce the sharp transition between near-shore outgassing and offshore absorption, as well as to resolve regions of enhanced near-shore outgassing in the lee of capes. The width of the outgassing region is overestimated when horizontal resolution is not eddy resolving (i.e., 1/3°) but becomes more dependent on shelf topography for eddy-resolving simulations (i.e., 1/10° and 1/30°). Enhanced near-shore outgassing is associated with a local increase in wind-driven upwelling in the lee of capes (i.e., expansion fans), meaning that sufficient horizontal resolution is needed both in the ocean circulation model and in the wind field forcing the model. From a global carbon budget perspective, the model indicates that biological production generates sufficient absorption within a few hundred kilometers of the coast to offset near-shore outgassing, which is consistent with the notion that midlatitude eastern boundary current upwelling systems act both as a sink and source for atmospheric CO2. Based on the 1/30° solution, the CCS between 35 and 45 N and out to 600 km offshore is a net carbon sink of approximately 6 TgC yr−1, with the 1/10° solution underestimating this value by less than 10% and the 1/3° solution by a factor of 3.
Politics of Preference: India, United States, and South Africa

Krishna Tummala, professor emeritus at Kansas State University and 2008 recipient of the Fred Riggs Award for Lifetime Scholarly Achievement in the Field of Comparative and International Administra...
Dermatitis herpetiformis: potential for confusion with linear IgA bullous dermatosis on direct immunofluorescence.

Author(s): Van, Livia; Browning, John C; Krishnan, Ravi S; Kenner-Bell, Brandi M; Hsu, Sylvia
Dispersion of purified single wall carbon nanotube in polyethylene glycol and polypyrrole for an improved efficiency of a glucose biosensor (780.8)

Abstract Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a class of materials that have been utilized in the field of sensors, drug delivery, bioimaging etc. SWCNTs have been used in the field of sensors...
Studies on the Microbiological Degradation of Steroid Ring A

The synthesis of 2-oxo-cis-4-hexenoic acid from DL-2-amino-cis-4-hexenoic acid is described. The α-oxo acid appears to exist at neutral pH largely in the dienolic form. Ultracentrifuged extracts of steroid-induced Pseudomonas testosteroni rapidly converted 2-oxo-cis-4-hexenoic acid-1-14C to 14CO2. The same enzyme preparations, when supplemented with NAD and a NADPH-generating system, have been previously shown to convert Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione-4-14C to 14CO2 and to accumulate L-2-amino-cis-4-hexenoic acid-1-14C and DL-alanine-1-14C in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate. It has now been shown that, under similar conditions, 2-oxo-amino-cis-4-hexenoic acid is efficiently converted to 2-amino-cis-4-hexenoic acid and alanine. The α-oxo acid also undergoes stereospecific enzymatic hydration to 2-oxo-4-hydroxyhexanoic acid, which is lactonized in the presence of acid to give a product that has been identified as one of the optically active isomers of 2-oxo-4-ethylbutyrolactone of unestablished configuration. These findings suggest that 2-oxo-cis-4-hexenoic acid is a key intermediate in the degradation of steroid ring A by microbial enzymes. The enzyme preparations also contain an enzyme which reduces the double bond of the α-oxo acid but does not appear to be involved in the degradative pathway of the steroids.
Design of the spaghetti logic parallel processor

The design and implementation of the spaghetti logic parallel processor (SLOPP), a custom CMOS, SIMD array processor, is described. The data path has been optimized for the Sobel edge detection algorithm resulting in a substantial speedup over similar architectures such as the massively parallel processor and the geometric arithmetic parallel processor. Advantages of SLOPP include the ability for diagonal transfers and its execution speed. Fabricated chips were functional at a clock rate of 50 MHz. Thus, SLOPP is at least a factor of two faster than machines such as GAPP. The project demonstrates that fast, efficient, special purpose processors can be rapidly designed and implemented by relatively inexperienced engineers. >
Using Rasch Measurement for the Development and Use of Affective Assessments in Science Education Research.

With the demand for quality quantitative instruments in the field of science education rising, additional measures of currently unassessed affective variables need to be constructed. In this study, we discuss the survey creation and evaluation process of the STEM Awareness Community Survey (SACS) through an application of Liu's (2010) framework for developing and using new affective instruments in science education. Liu's (2010) survey development framework uses Rasch measurement methods in survey evaluation to ensure a psychometrically sound measure is created. In surveying K-12 teachers, community business members, and higher education faculty through two iterative pilot studies, a unidimensional construct of STEM awareness and support was empirically established after misfitting items were removed and scale modifications were made. Further instructions on how to use results produced from the SACS are provided, so that even those with no or limited knowledge of Rasch analysis could use the instrument and interpret their findings with respect to the construct of STEM awareness and support.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND PRENATAL NUTRITION: AN INTERPRETATIVE REVIEW

Birth weight is considered as a possible crucial intervening variable in a causal sequence that leads from prenatal nutrition to perinatal mortality and retarded child development. Birth weight is shown to have a stronger correlation with perinatal mortality than length of gestation. In New York City, if black infants had the same birth weight distribution as white infants, and the same weight-specific perinatal death rates as they now do, their expected overall perinatal death rate would be the same as for white infants. Three conclusions are germane to the prevention of low birth weight: first, the fetal growth that leads to important variation in birthweight occurs in the last trimester; second, birth weight is influenced by factors in the wider environment as well as in the maternal environment; and third, birth weight is influenced by factors having their origin and effect during gestation. The role of maternal nutrition during gestation is then examined as a factor in birth weight. Observational studies of circumstances of wartime deprivation support a nutritional hypothesis, but observational studies of everyday diets in pregnancy, and quasi-experimental studies that supplement nutrition in pregnancy, have given equivocal results. The hypothesis requires fresh testing. An experimental approach can eliminate or control many extraneous and confounding variables.
Characterising repetitive behaviours in young boys with fragile X syndrome

Author(s): Oakes, A; Thurman, AJ; McDuffie, A; Bullard, LM; Hagerman, RJ; Abbeduto, L | Abstract: BackgroundRepetitive behaviours are frequently observed in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The present study examined the profile, inter-correlations and predictive correlates of repetitive behaviours in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading inherited cause of ID. Specific child characteristics examined as predictors included anxiety, nonverbal cognition and autism social-affective symptomatology.MethodParticipants were 39 boys with FXS (aged 6-10 years). Repetitive behaviours were measured using the Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS-R) - a 43-item caregiver-report measure normed on individuals with ID.ResultsRestricted Interests and Sensory Motor behaviours were reported as most problematic for this sample of boys, whereas Self-injurious behaviours were less problematic. All subscales of the RBS-R were significantly inter-correlated. Nonverbal IQ was negatively related, whereas anxiety and social affective symptoms of autism spectrum disorder were positively related, to scores for Restricted Interests. Anxiety was also positively related to scores for Compulsive behaviours and Ritualistic Sameness behaviours.ConclusionsThis study provides a preliminary description of repetitive behaviours in boys with FXS, which may form the groundwork for future research.
Distribution-free discriminant analysis

Discriminant analysis is typically defined as the task of using predictor variables (such as blood chemistry variables) to predict a categorical response variable (such as whether the individual is diabetic). Although there are many good approaches, improvements are continually sought. Here, a non-parametric (distribution-free) discriminant analysis module is described. The module uses kernel density estimation to estimate the probability density for each class, and allows continuous, categorical, and ordered categorical predictors. Performance results on both real and simulated data sets and comparisons to other methods are provided. In some cases, this freely-available module performs better than the other methods. Nearly all cases can benefit from the application of multiple methods.
School district effectiveness and academic achievement: A reanalysis

Abstract This study reconsiders a model of school district effectiveness proposed by Bidwell and Kasarda (1975), including certain criticisms of their design, in an assessment of the determinants of academic achievement Multiple regression and path analysis are used to analyze a 10 variable path model constructed to determine if the Bidwell-Kasarda findings hold for a similar data set on 127 school districts in Virginia and to assess the influence of academic ability on school effectiveness models. Few of the major findings produced by Bidwell and Kasarda's study of Colorado school districts are observed with the Virginia data. Although there is some evidence that the environmental conditions influenced district organization directly, organizational attributes are not effective as mediating mechanisms between environmental input and achievement output, and they have no direct influence on achievement. Further, Virginia's achievement levels are significantly and directly influenced by all of the environmen...
Benchmark hydrogeophysical data from a physical seismic model

Theoretical fluid flow models are used regularly to predict and analyze porous media flow but require verification against natural systems. Seismic monitoring in a controlled laboratory setting at a nominal scale of 1:1000 in the acoustic frequency range can help improve fluid flow models as well as elasto-granular models for uncompacted saturated-unsaturated soils. A mid-scale sand tank allows for many highly repeatable, yet flexible, experimental configurations with different material compositions and pump rates while still capturing phenomena such as patchy saturation, flow fingering, or layering. The tank (~6x9x0.44m) contains a heterogeneous sand pack (1.52-1.7phi). In a set of eight benchmark experiments the water table is raised inside the sand body at increments of ~0.05m. Seismic events (vertical component) are recorded by a pseudowalkaway 64-channel accelerometer array (20Hz-20kHz), at 78kS/s, in 100- scan stacks so as to optimize signal-to-noise ratio. Three screened well sites monitor water depth (+/-3mm) inside the sand body. Seismic data sets in SEG Y format are publicly downloadable from the internet (http://github.com/cageo/Lorenzo-2012), in order to allow comparisons of different seismic and fluid flow analyses. The capillary fringe does not appear to completely saturate, as expected, because the interpreted compressional-wave velocity values remain so low (<210m/s). Even at the highest water levels there is no large seismic impedance contrast across the top of the water table to generate a clear reflector. Preliminary results indicate an immediate need for several additional experiments whose data sets will be added to the online database. Future benchmark data sets will grow with a control data set to show conditions in the sand body before water levels rise, and a surface 3D data set. In later experiments, buried sensors will help reduce seismic attenuation effects and in-situ saturation sensors will provide calibration values.
Photochemical Formation of Singlet Molecular Oxygen in Illuminated Aqueous Solutions of Several Commercially Available Sunscreen Active Ingredients

Evidence is presented for the photochemical formation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) in air-saturated aqueous solutions of several sunscreen active ingredients using sunlight-range illumination. This is of significance because (1) 1O2 is known to be cytotoxic, and (2) there have been several reports of toxic effects associated with the use of some sunscreens; most notably, with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Illuminated aqueous solutions of PABA, 2-ethylhexyl p-(dimethylamino)benzate (ODPABA), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BZ3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BZ8), 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate (OCR), 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (OMC), and 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (OCS) were evaluated individually for 1O2 formation. Furfuryl alcohol (FFA), a well-known chemical trap for 1O2, was added to each of the aqueous sunscreen solutions. The FFA was consumed when solutions of PABA, ODPABA, OMC, and OCR were illuminated, but no loss of FFA other than by direct photolysis occurred in solutions of BZ3, BZ8, or OCS. There was also no significant loss of FFA in any of these solutions kept in the dark. Further evidence for the formation of 1O2 in illuminated aqueous sunscreen solutions is provided by the results of experiments in which individual solutions containing sunscreen active ingredients and FFA that were diluted with D2O exhibited an increased rate of FFA consumption while the addition of azide ion (N3-) reduced the rate of FFA consumption. Continuous sunlight-range illumination of aqueous PABA solutions produced significantly higher steady-state concentrations of 1O2 than in solutions containing any of the other sunscreen active ingredients evaluated. The substituted benzophenone compounds (BZ3 and BZ8) and the salicylate-based compound (OCS) not only appear to produce no 1O2, but they also appear to produce no other reactive oxidant species that are capable of consuming FFA. This indicates that BZ3, BZ8, and OCS may be peferable, from the standpoint of toxic oxidant formation, for use as sunscreen active ingredients when compared to the other compounds evaluated in this study.
Sound Transmission and Suppression in Turbomachinery Ducts

The authors present analysis of the transmission and radiation of turbomachinery generated noise in fans and compressor ducts. Based on a numerical solution of the three-dimensional wave equation in a homogeneous medium flowing in ducts of arbitrary shape, the analysis is an extension of the analytical treatment of noise generation in turbomachinery presented in references (1) and (2). The theoretical noise transmission model permits the evaluation of fan/compressor noise suppressor (acoustic treatment) configurations in the presence of spinning modes in a moving medium. Results of barometric calculations are presented for a stationary medium; experimental verifications of the analysis are included; and the effects of turbomachinery duct lengths and shapes on the transmission of sound are discussed. Also presented are the results of parametric studies on the effects of liner material location on sound suppression. The results indicate that optimum sound suppression can be achieved with the basic knowledge of the duct wave propagation phenomena.Copyright © 1970 by ASME
Contemporary strategies in the diagnosis and management of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is an important public health problem, and strategies are needed to improve outcomes and decrease health care resource utilization and costs. Its prevalence has increased as the population ages, and HF continues to be associated with a high mortality rate and frequent need for hospitalization. The total cost of care for patients with HF was $30.7 billion in 2012, and it is estimated to more than double to $69.8 billion by 2030. Given this reality, there has been recent investigation into ways of identifying and preventing HF in patients at risk (stage A HF) and those with cardiac structural and functional abnormalities but no clinical HF symptoms (stage B). For patients who have symptoms of HF (stage C), there has been important research into the most effective ways to decongest patients hospitalized with acute decompensated HF and prevent future hospital readmissions. Successful strategies to treat patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction, which has increased in prevalence, continue to be sought. We are in the midst of a rapid evolution in our ability to care for patients with end-stage HF (stage D) because of the introduction of and improvements in mechanical circulatory support. Left ventricular assist devices used as destination therapy offer an important therapeutic option to patients who do not qualify for heart transplant because of advanced age or excessive comorbidity. This review provides a thorough update on contemporary strategies in the diagnosis and management of HF by stage (A to D) that have emerged during the past several years.
Elevated urokinase-specific surface receptor expression is maintained through its interaction with urokinase plasminogen activator.

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) are overexpressed in various neoplasms, and play a key role in tumor progression and metastasis. In this study, we examined uPA and uPAR expression in a variety of human breast cancer cell lines and found that lines with elevated uPA expression also exhibited high uPAR expression, suggesting the possibility that uPA and uPAR are regulated in concert. To test this possibility, we introduced antisense uPA RNA and antisense uPAR RNA in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 lines that express high levels of uPA and uPAR. Antisense uPA RNA not only downregulated uPA expression, but also greatly reduced uPAR expression in both lines. However, antisense uPAR RNA-reduced uPAR expression with no apparent inhibitory effect on the levels of uPA. These results indicate that expression of uPAR requires uPA but not vice versa. With a panel of uPA and uPAR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we observed that the mAbs disrupting uPA and uPAR interaction, rather than mAb inhibiting uPA protease activity, reduced uPAR expression. Moreover, adding soluble single chain uPA (scuPA) to MDA-MB-231 or BT-549 cells expressing antisense uPA mRNA-restored uPAR expression. These findings suggest that uPA dictates uPAR expression and that uPA binding to uPAR transmits signals for uPAR expression. Finally, we provided evidence that Fyn, a Src family kinase, is involved in uPA-induced uPAR expression. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Liposarcomas: Prognosis and management

Fifty-one evaluable patients with liposarcomas were reviewed. Two-thirds of the patients were referred after local recurrence. One-third with primary surgery at RPMI had local recurrence rate of 31.6%. Overall, one or more local recurrences presented in 78% of patients. Pulmonary metastases occurred in 45%, while liver metastases in 13.6%. Most common primary sites were the lower extremity, followed by the retroperitoneal area and upper extremity. Median survival is better for upper and lower extremities than other areas (P < 0.01). The median survival was longer in the group that received radiation after resection although the difference was not statistically significant. The high rate of local recurrences suggests the adjuvant use of radiation postoperatively when the surgical margins have not been adequate. Sixteen patients are alive and disease-free, with 10 of them having had five years or longer follow-up.
Increased Fe‐efficiency in soybeans through plant breeding related to increased response to Fe‐deficiency stress. I. Iron stress response

Abstract A7, a new soybean [Glvcine max (L.) Merr.], developed through plant breeding is considered to be more Fe‐efficient than cultivars currently available. The objective of this investigation was to determine if recognized factors in the Fe‐stress response mechanism may have been altered in A7 soybean to make it more Fe‐efficient than the A2, Hawkeye (HA) and Bragg (Fe‐efficlent) and the Pride B216 (Pride), T203, and Anoka cultivars (Fe‐inef‐ficient). The release of hydrogen ions and ‘reductants’ by the roots were the two parameters of the Fe‐stress response studied in this investigation. The effect of plant number per liter of solution was also considered by using 20 and 28 plants per 14 liters of nutrient solution. Compared to A2, HA, Bragg, Pride, Anoka and T203 soybean cultivars, A7 released more hydrogen ions and ‘reductant’ from its roots in the zero Fe treatment and also maintained higher Fe and chlorophyll concentrations. This could explain why A7 soybean grows better than the other soybeans o...
Rare and endangered plants at Gateway National Recreation Area: a case for protection of urban natural areas

Abstract The diversity of native plant species in urban environments is usually overlooked when biodiversity levels are considered. Inventories of native plants reveal many to be rare species surviving the harsh conditions encountered in urban ecosystems. Knowledge of their existence and an inventory of their distribution will assist in maintaining these populations. Protection strategies for rare plant species are outlined for urban National Parks.
Optimization over the efficient set using an active constraint approach

In this work the problem of maximizing a nonlinear objective over the set of efficient solutions of a multicriteria linear program is considered. This is a nonlinear program with nonconvex constraints. The approach is to develop an active constraint algorithm which utilizes the fact that the efficient structure in decision space can be associated in a natural way with hyperplanes in the space of objective values. Examples and numerical experience are included.
Shear stress prediction in shock loaded copper

The stress-strain behavior during the shock rise of a 30 kbar and 54 kbar shock in copper is modeled using a plastic constitutive model that includes rate and temperature dependent hardening and accounts for the transition from thermally activated to viscous drag controlled deformation at high strain rates. A slight modification to the treatment of the mobile dislocation density within the model from that originally proposed leads to better agreement with the shock data than achieved previously. The results indicate that the deformation mechanism during the shock rise is a drag mechanism. 9 refs., 4 figs.
Quantitation of the effective right ventricular output in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum after placement of a right ventricular outflow patch and an aorticopulmonary shunt

A mathematical derivation is presented of an equation that allows quantitation, in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, of the effective output of the right ventricle (QRV) in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) after palliation with a right ventricular outflow patch and an aorticopulmonary shunt. This derivation is based on the Fick principle and accounts for that portion of the right-to-left atrial shunt that flows through the aorticopulmonary shunt to the lungs and thus contributes to the effective pulmonary blood flow (Qep). This equation relates QRV to pulmonary blood flow (Qp), systemic cardiac output (Qs), and Qep by QRV = Qp + Qs - (Qp)(Qs)/Qep. By providing an assessment of right ventricular function, this equation may be helpful in determining the suitability of the right ventricle to support biventricular repair. © 1994 Wiley-Liss,Inc..
The CD spectra of tri-μ3-oxo-triaquohexakis(L-amino acid)triiron(III) perchlorates

Abstract Circular dichroic spectra of tri-μ 3 -oxo triaquohexakis(L-amino acid)triiron(III) complexes, containing the [Fe 3 O] 7+ unit, proposed as models for ferritin iron core, are described. The circular dichromism of these iron(III)-L-amino acid complexes is mainly due to the interaction of the charge transfer manifold with the asymmetric carbon atom of L-amino acids. Although it is possible to correlate the optical extrema with the electronic spectra of the complexes, it is not possible to correlate the sign of the extrema in the CD spectra of the complexes with specific features of their molecular structure. Extrema for complexes derived from five L-amino acids with aliphatic R group occur at the same wavelenghts in each case: 218(+), 245(−), 267(+), 311(+), 345(+), 378(−), 475(+), 538(+), and 620(+). Complexes using D-amino acids exhibit spectra which are the antipodes of these. Maximum spectra are observed when perchlorate is used as the counterion.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IDEOGRAPHIC NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF THE HEXAGRAM IN YIJING: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE

SUMMARY In this paper, I have examined the surface ideographic structure of hexagrams in the Yijing from the perspective of their ideographic construction. In so doing, I have discussed the various senses in which the system of the hexagrams in the Yijing need to be considered as a sub-system of the Chinese ideographic language, and have given a case analysis of hexagrams in regard to illustrate how some pre-theoretical metaphysical insights have influenced the construction of the ideographic language. Following this I have suggested an interpretation of a triple ideographic semantic structure for the hexagrams, seeking by this means to have a more complete understanding of the ideographic semantics of the hexagrams in the Yijing. In my interpretation, the ideographic semantic structure of the hexagrams reveals itself at three different but correlative levels, each of which involves three components: the ideographic text, the connotational meaning consisting of its image-graphic meaning and its ideo-interpretative meaning, and the denotational meaning or reference. These three levels indicate three stages of a dynamic process of understanding the Yijing text in its semantic aspect. Finally, I have discussed the denotational meaning of the hexagram in terms of a collective-noun hypothesis for the semantics of Chinese nouns and, in this way, have suggested how the hypothesis may be extended to cover the case of dynamic process-reference.
Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia in a Patient with Asthma

Severe alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency with phenotype PiZZ was found in association with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and hyperreactive airways disease in a 34-year-old patient. Immunologic studies demonstrated normal cellular immunity but impaired responses to influenza and pneumococcal antigens. Investigations of the mechanism of hypogammaglobulinemia revealed no intrinsic B cell defect, synthesis abnormality, or impairment of secretion of immunoglobulins. A serum suppressive factor was present and probably accounted for the hypogammaglobulinemia.
Monosynaptic transmission of respiratory drive to phrenic motoneurons from brainstem bulbospinal neurons in rats.

The termination patterns in the rat phrenic nucleus of neurons within two respiratory cell groups of the ventrolateral medulla (Botzinger Complex and the rostral ventral respiratory group) were determined. The plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin, was used as an anterograde tracer to label presynaptic processes of bulbospinal neurons, and horseradish peroxidase was used simultaneously to label phrenic motoneurons. Labeled bulbospinal axons ended with dense terminal arborizations within the phrenic cell column and on radial phrenic motoneuron dendrite bundles, which represented the exclusive site of termination of Botzinger Complex and rostral ventral respiratory group neurons in the lower cervical spinal cord. Terminals of these descending axons formed presumptive synaptic contacts within longitudinal and radial dendrite bundles, and on the cell somata of phrenic motoneurons.
Men's Studies as a Foundation for Student Development Work with College Men.

This chapter surveys the history and theory of men's studies, a field concerned primarily with masculinity and other aspects of men's experience and identity. It argues that men's studies would be an ideal foundation for our work with college men and offers guidelines for programs for men.
Fullerene nanobutes for molecular electronics

Fullerene nanotubes hold tremendous promise for numerous applications, owing to their remarkable properties, including strength, toughness, chemical robustness, thermal conductivity and, perhaps most interestingly, electrical conductivity. Depending on their precise molecular symmetry, some nanotubes are semiconducting, while others exhibit truly metallic conductivity. This behaviour, coupled with their nanoscale geometry, makes them ideal, perhaps unique, candidates for wires, interconnects and even devices for true molecular electronics.
Organization of digestion and preliminary characterization of salivary trypsin-like enzymes in a predaceous heteropteran, Zelus renardii

Abstract Salivary and intestinal proteolytic enzymes were studied in the predaceous heteropteran, Zelus renardii. Proteinases from Z. renardii's salivary gland complex (SGC), anterior midgut (AMG) and posterior midgut (PMG) were studied with hemoglobin, BApNA, BTNA, HPLA, HA and LPNA used as substrates. The SGC was shown to be an important source of general proteinase and endopeptidase activity, but exopeptidase activity (LPNA, HPLA and HA hydrolysis) was limited to the AMG and PMG. The AMG was also a source of considerable endopeptidase activity. Hemoglobin or BApNA hydrolysis occurred at a broad range of temperatures and pH with most activity observed at 35–45°C and at pH 7.0–8.5. The pH of the prey increased, as it was being pre-orally digested. The salivary trypsin-like enzyme had a molecular weight of approx. 27 kDa and eluted as two major activity peaks from an ion exchange column. BApNA hydrolysis was inhibited by soy proteinase inhibitor. Digestion, with respect to protein hydrolysis, is organized into an orderly and highly efficient process, differing greatly from that of hematophagous reduviids, beginning with pre-oral digestion of the prey's internal structures whose liquefaction permits ingestion and further digestive processing of prey within the predator's gut.
Hysteresis heating based induction bonding of thermoplastic composites

Abstract The bonding of polymer matrix composites using magnetic particulate susceptor materials for hysteresis induction heating is investigated in this study. Hysteresis heating is tailored through careful design of the microstructure of magnetic particulate polymer films. The bond strength of hysteresis-welded materials is comparable to that of autoclave-welded materials while offering an order of magnitude reduction in cycle time. The relative contribution of the intimate contact and healing mechanisms to fusion bonding process indicates that it is intimate contact controlled. The macroscopic failure modes of hysteresis bonded specimens include adhesive composite/film, cohesive film and cohesive composite. Inspection of the microscopic failure at the nickel particle/polymer interface in the film indicates quasi-brittle failure mode. The XPS peaks confirm nickel oxide in the form of NiO on the failure surface indicating adhesive failure at the particle/polymer interface. The area fraction of adhesive failure is found to increase with decreasing particle size and increasing particle volume fraction.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of fluorescent boron dipyrromethene-derived hydrazones.

Derivatives of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a,diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY® or BDP) that possess a hydrazine substituent on position 5 are potential “turn-on” fluorophores for labeling aldehydes The unnatural amino acid L-3-formyltyrosine can be incorporated into a protein or peptide; thus, these hydrazines are potentially site specific labels for such polymers. In this work, model compounds were synthesized to assess whether the photochemical properties of the BDP-hydrazone would be suitable for protein labeling. Hydrazones were synthesized from the fluorophore 3-chloro-5-hydrazino-BDP and different aldehydes, and the absorption and emission spectra of the products were compared. The hydrazone of an unsubstituted aromatic aldehyde displays absorption and emission maxima (531 nm and 559 nm, respectively in dioxane) that are red shifted relative to those of a hydrazone from an aliphatic aldehyde (513 nm and 543 nm, respectively, in dioxane) and an increased quantum yield (0.21 vs. 0.11, respectively, in dioxane). The presence of a hydroxyl group ortho- to the aldehyde produces a hydrazone in which the absorption and emission maxima are slightly red shifted (528 nm and 564 nm, respectively in dioxane) from the unsubstituted aromatic hydrazone, but the quantum yields of the two hydrazones are equivalent. Thus, an ortho-hydroxy substituted aromatic aldehyde is a suitable electrophile for “turn on” protein labeling using the hydrazino-BDP. The specificity of this labeling reaction for the unnatural amino acid was demonstrated through fluorescent labeling of just the 3-formyltyrosine-containing α-subunit of α,β-tubulin.
Prevalence of Gingival Overgrowth in Renal Transplant Recipients on Sirolimus Immunosuppressive Therapy is not Clearly Established

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Gingival status of Brazilian renal transplant recipients under sirolimus-based regimens. Cota LO, Oliveira AP, Costa JE, Cortelli SC, Costa FO. J Periodontol 2008;79:2060-8. Reviewers Monica A. Fisher, DDS, MS, MPH, PhD, Ellen T. McCarthy, MD, Michael C. Manz, DDS, DrPH Purpose/Question The authors attempted to study the gingival status of renal transplant patients receiving sirolimus immunosuppressive therapy by measuring the presence and severity of gingival overgrowth (GO) and by investigating the association between GO and sociodemographic, medical, and pharmacologic variables. Source of Funding Grants from the Coordination of Improvement of Upper Level Personnel (CAPES), Brasilia, DF, Brazil, and the Foundation for Support of Research in Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG/#13016). Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Accurate analytical model for MPEG coded video traffic

Self-similar processes, modulated according to the MPEG GOP (group of pictures) structure, are proposed to accurately capture both the SRD (short range dependency) and LRD (long range dependency) of MPEG video traffic.
Interpersonal sensitivity, eating disorder symptoms, and eating/ thinness expectancies

This study examined social-emotional and cognitive factors in relation to eating disorder symptoms in 84 female undergraduates. Sensitivity to criticism and rejection-sensitivity related to each other and to appearance-related sensitivity. Although both interpersonal and appearance sensitivity related to a drive for thinness, appearance sensitivity had the stronger relationship. Interpersonal sensitivity was significantly correlated with expectancies that dieting and thinness lead to overgeneralized self-improvement, but not with eating expectancies. After controlling for body mass index, interpersonal sensitivity, and appearance sensitivity, dieting/thinness expectancies were related to drive for thinness, and expectancies that eating helps to manage negative affect were related to symptoms of bulimia. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential role that interpersonal sensitivity and eating-related expectancies may play in the development and maintenance of eating disorders, as well as intervention approaches.
Microwave spectrum and ground state energy levels of H217O

Abstract The rotational spectrum of H217O in the ground vibrational state has been investigated by means of high-resolution microwave spectroscopy. Fifteen transitions in the 2.0-0.4 mm wavelength region have been measured. Both the quadrupole and spin-rotation molecular hyperfine tensors for the 17O nucleus are calculated from the observed hyperfine splittings of the rotational transitions. In addition, several of the low-J lines are of significance in the atmospheric absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region. The observed microwave transitions are combined with our earlier analyses of H216O and H218O to calculate the ground state energy levels of H217O.
P03-336 - Characteristics of patients with depression in the UK initiating treatment with duloxetine and venlafaxine XR

Objectives To describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of adult patients with depression in the UK treated with duloxetine and venlafaxine XR. Methods Depressed adults treated with duloxetine or venlafaxine XR between 1/1/2006 and 9/30/2007 were identified using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), which represents all primary care practices in the UK. Demographic (age and sex) and clinical characteristics (psychiatric and physical comorbid conditions and concomitant medication use) were examined and the characteristics of the two treatment groups were compared using chi-square or t tests, as appropriate. Results Of 2,195 patients identified (mean age 47.2 years; 65.8% female), 41% were prescribed duloxetine and 59% were prescribed venlafaxine XR. On average, patients treated with duloxetine were older than patients treated with venlafaxine XR (49.6 years versus 45.5 years; p Conclusions Depressed patients treated with duloxetine in the UK are slightly older and appear to be in poorer health overall than patients treated with venlafaxine XR.
Observation of the 2s state excitons in (111)-oriented GaAs/AlxGa

Transitions associated with the 2s excited-state heavy-hole excitons have been observed in the low-temperature photoluminescence excitation spectra of (111)-oriented GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}$As multiple quantum wells. The binding energy of the 1s heavy-hole excitons has been found to be about 10% larger in (111)-oriented quantum wells than that in (100)-oriented ones.
Fitness costs of Cry1F resistance in two populations of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from Puerto Rico and Florida.

Abstract The development of resistance in target pest populations is a threat to the sustainability of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major target pest of Bt maize in North and South America. This insect is the first target pest that has developed field resistance to Bt maize at multiple locations in these regions. The objective of this study was to assess the fitness costs associated with the Cry1F resistance in two populations of S. frugiperda collected from Puerto Rico (RR-PR) and Florida (RR-FL). In the study, fitness costs were evaluated by comparing survival, growth, and developmental time of seven populations of S. frugiperda on (1) non-Bt meridic diet and (2) non-Bt maize leaf tissue and non-Bt diet. The seven populations were RR-PR, RR-FL, a Bt-susceptible strain (Bt-SS), and four F1 populations developed from reciprocal crosses between Bt-SS and the two resistant populations. Biological parameters measured were neonate-to-adult survivorship, neonate-to-adult developmental time, 10 day larval weight on non-Bt maize leaf tissue, pupal weight, and sex ratios. Results of the study show that the Cry1F resistance in both RR-PR and RR-FL was associated with considerable fitness costs, especially for the Florida population. Compared to the Bt-susceptible population, RR-PR showed an average of 61.1% reduction in larval weight, 20.4% less in neonate-to-adult survivorship, and 3.7 days delay in neonate-to-adult developmental time. These fitness costs for RR-FL were 66.9%, 31.7% and 4.4 days, respectively. The fitness costs of RR-PR and RR-FL appeared to be non-recessive. The results indicate that a diversified genetic basis may exist for the Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda.
The pharmacognosy of smooth brome ergot.

Abstract Ten samples of smooth brome ergot, collected in three midwestern states, were examined, described, and analyzed for moisture, fat, and alkaloid content. The moisture and fat concentrations were lower than those which have been reported for rye ergot, but the average alkaloid content of the samples slightly exceeded, and in the case of ergonovine more than doubled the N. F. IX requirement. Paper partition chromatography verified the identity of the water‐soluble alkaloid as ergonovine and established the presence of both ergotamine and ergotoxine in the water‐insoluble alkaloid group. Cultures prepared from these samples showed normal saprophytic growth and were capable of parasitizing rye.