cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cervical Cancer Prevention among Latinas in a Post-HPV Vaccine World: Considering the Sociocultural Context

Cervical cancer offers a salient example of how sociocultural factors such as gender, ethnicity/race, class, and attitudes toward sexuality converge to shape the risk and experience of cancer among women. This article takes a sociocultural approach in considering how increased public knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) may be changing the climate of cervical cancer prevention for Latinas. Specifically, it describes relevant sociocultural norms found in some Latino/a communities and discusses how they may act as barriers to and facilitators of health behavior change. Recommendations for incorporating this information in the development of interventions and research are also presented.
The role of bisphosphonates in diseases of childhood

Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogues of pyrophosphate that inhibit bone resorption by their action on osteoclasts. In recent years, bisphosphonates have been used in children for treatment of a growing number of disorders associated primarily with generalized or localized osteoporosis, metabolic bone diseases, heterotopic calcification in soft tissues, and for resistant hypercalcemia. In the present review we discuss the pharmacological aspects of bisphosphonates and related bone pathophysiology, review the pediatric literature on the role of bisphosphonates in childhood diseases and our experience with these drugs. The theoretical concerns of possible adverse effects of these drugs on the growing skeleton have not materialized in the limited pediatric clinical experience. Bisphosphonates provide the pediatrician with an opportunity to treat mineral and bone disorders of childhood which until recently did not have satisfactory therapy, at the same time, being aware of the theoretical concerns on microdamage accumulation in bone, bone quality and teratogenic potential of these drugs.
Optical rheometry of multicomponent polymer liquids

Recent advances in optical rheometric techniques are described, and applications of the methods are presented that motivate their use in elucidating the structure and dynamics of complex, polymeric liquids. Spectroscopic methods, such as infrared dichroism and 2-dimensional Raman scattering, which provide information concerning bond-level orientation dynamics are presented. In addition, the combination of birefringence and stress measurements is demonstrated to be capable of extracting the component dynamics in some multicomponent systems. Examples of the use of these methods include orientation in block copolymers and compatible blends.
Nitrendipine and superoxide dismutase in ischemic renal injury.

The effect of the Ca entry blocker nitrendipine, the untioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), and a combination cf nitrendipine und superoxide dismutase on postischemic renal function was studied in four groups (n = 24) of rats. The rats in group I (n = 6) were the ischemic control and received 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Group II (n = 6) received SOD 7.0 mg/kg. Group III (n = 6) received nitrendipine 1 mg/kg. Group IV (n = 6) received nitrendipine 1 mg/kg and SOD 7 mg/kg, After administration, both kidneys were rendered ischemic by crossclamping the renal vessels for 60 min. Comparison of 24-h creatinine clearance (CCr) for 3 days after reversal og ischemia revealed: (a) nitrendipine alone was the most effective in preserving renal function (p <.05); (b) SOD provided some degree of improvement, but only on day 3 (p <.05); (c) a similar result was detected using a combination of nitrendipine and SOD (p <,05); (d) there was no significant difference between SOD and nitrendipine nor between SOD and the combination o...
Influence of shells on mating behavior in the hermit crab Calcinus tibicen

Populations of the intertidal hermit crab Calcinus tibicen were observed in the laboratory and reproductive behaviors recorded. Of the 218 interactions, 68 resulted in copulation(s). Male and female sizes were positively correlated. Male size affected copulation success in a non-linear fashion. In particular, the largest males did not obtain any copulations. This was largely a consequence of the shell species occupied by large individuals; males in Nerita sp and Cittarium pica shells were unsuccessful in courtship. The ability to execute precopulatory rotation of the female was negatively affected by certain shell types. Repeated pairings of individuals suggested some level of individual recognition within the reproductively active population.
Gregarines of the Genus Lecudina (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) from Pacific Ocean Polychaetes*

SYNOPSIS The gregarine Lecudina longissima Hoshide, 1944 is described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Lumbrineris zonata (Johnson, 1901) from Santa Catalina Island, Calif. L. catalinensis n. sp. is described from the intestine of L. inflata Moore, 1911 from the same island. L. pherusae sp. n. and L. zimmeri sp. n. are described from the intestine of the marine polychaete Pherusa capulata (Moore, 1909) off Santa Catalina Island.
New Phase Measuring Deflectometry Device for Mid-to-High Spatial Frequency Surface Metrology

We present a new high resolution deflectometry technique for mid-to-high spatial frequency measurements of precision optical surfaces. This metrology technique was verified to be accurate to within 1 nm RMS, and repeatable to 300 nrad.
Relationship of rotational correlation time from EPR spectroscopy and protein-membrane interaction

Abstract A study was carried out to determine if rotational correlation time of spin-labeled hen egg lysozyme (HEL) interacting with ultrafiltration membranes could be used to infer protein-membrane interaction. Polysulfone and cellulosic membranes, which have notably different adsorption properties, and membranes with varying pore sizes were used in this study. Based on this study, it was determined that the rotational correlation time does reflect variations in protein adsorption and pore plugging on membranes. The rotational correlation times for the highly adsorbent polysulfone (2.82 × 10−8 s) were significantly higher than those obtained from proteins on cellulosic membranes (0.62 × 10−8 s) and from those in solution (0.17 × 10−8 s). Rotational correlation time was also increased due to steric hindrance associated with pore plugging, although it was not as significant as the adsorption effect. This study indicates that the rotational time constant can be used to infer the type of protein-membrane interaction.
Connecting Families and Community Resources: The Librarian's Role in Pediatric Advocacy

This article discusses Cap4Kids, a new model for promoting the physical, mental, and social health and well-being of all children in the communities where they live. Cap4Kids NYC is a collaboration between residents at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and the Pediatric Family resource Center librarian.
Do students recognize ambiguity in software design? a multi-national, multi-institutional report

Successful software engineering requires experience and acknowledgment of complexity, including that which leads designers to recognize ambiguity within the software design description itself. We report on a study of 21 post-secondary institutions from the USA, UK, Sweden, and New Zealand. First competency and graduating students as well as educators were asked to perform a software design task. We found that as students go from first competency to graduating seniors they tend to recognize ambiguities in under-specified problems. Additionally, participants who recognized ambiguity addressed more requirements of the design.
Explosive eruptions and pyroclastic avalanches from Ngauruhoe in February 1975

Pyroclastic eruptions of Ngauruhoe volcano on February 19, 1975, were observed closely. A 1.5-hour period of voluminous gas-streaming emission was followed by a series of violently explosive cannon-like eruptions, which threw blocks at least 2.8 km from the vent. Initial ejecta velocities of 400 m s−1 indicate high explosion gas pressures, possibly caused by magmatic intrusions rapidly heating confined meteoric water, the explosions being driven largely by phreatic steam rather than magmatic gases. Pyroclastic avalanches were generated by both the gas-streaming and cannon-like eruptions; in the latter they were formed by collapse of dense eruption columns onto the summit of the volcano. Downslope transport appears to have been by inertial grain flow mechanisms; erosion of chutes and short runout distances indicate that the avalanches were neither highly fluidised nor of air-layer lubricated type. A minimum bulk volume of 3.4 × 106m3 of pyroclastic material was erupted. Although of smaller scale, the Ngauruhoe explosions appear to have analogies to the 1968 Arenal and Mayon eruptions.
A type II restriction endonuclease of Streptococcus thermophilus ST117

Abstract Streptococcus thermophilus strain 117 produces a type II restriction endonuclease designated as Sth 117I. This enzyme was isolated from cell extracts by membrane filtration and ammonium sulfate fractionation. Anion exchange chromatography on a DE52 column yielded an enzyme preparation free of nonspecific nucleases. The optimal reaction conditions for Sth 117I are: (1) [MgCl 2 ] ⩾ 5 mM; (2) pH range of 6.5–7; (3) incubation temperature between 37 and 50°C; and (4) [NaCl] or [KCl] ⩽ 50 mM. The results of single- and double-digestion experiments indicated that the Sth 117I was an isoschizomer of Bst NI and Eco RII with the recognition sequence of 5′-CCWGG-3′. The cleavage site of Sth 117I was identified as 5′-CC^WGG-3′ by 5′-end analysis. This was supported by the results of ligation experiments with Sth 117I-restricted DNAs and the Bst NI- or Eco RII-generated fragments.
Flavonoids from Gutierrezia grandis

Abstract Thirteen flavonoids, including three new compounds, were isolated from Gutierrezia grandis. The structures of the new compounds were 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyflavone, 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-3,6,8,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone and 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-3,6,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone 3′-O-glucoside.
High-resolution 23Na, 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopy of framework Aluminosilicate glasses

Abstract The results of high-resolution 23Na, 27Al and 29Si NMR spectroscopy of aluminosilicate glasses with MO/Al2O3 or L 2 O Al 2 O 3 = 1 (M = +2, L = +1 cations ) shows that these glasses have a fully polymerized tetrahedral framework structure with only a defect level of non-bridging oxygens. The chemical shifts of the peak maxima for all three nuclides become less shielded (less negative or more positive) with decreasing Si/ (Si + Al). For 29Si and 27Al, this variation parallels the variation of framework crystalline silicates. The 23Na chemicAl shifts for the glasses becomes less shielded (less negative) with decreasing Na/(Na + K), opposite to the trend for crystalline alkali feldspars. Few data exist for the 23Na chemical shifts of crystalline samples, and the structural causes of variation in 23Na chemical shifts are not well understood. The 27Al and 29Si chemical shifts of the glasses do not vary significantly with different large (modifier) cations. The 29Si chemical shifts provide estimates of average Si-O-T (T = Si, Al) bond angles and Si-O bond distances and the 27AL and 29Si chemical shifts and peak breadths are consistent with a decrease in the tetrahedralring order (number of tetrahedra per ring) with decreasing Si/(Si + Al). The data presented here for fully polymerized glasses form a base from which the data for aluminosilicate glasses containing both fully polymerized sites and less polymerized sites can be interpreted.
Issues in using multicultural literature in college ESL writing classes

Abstract Multicultural literature, and multicultural textbooks, are increasingly used in college ESL writing classes. This is an appropriate and welcome development, but it is essential that such literature and texts be chosen and taught carefully and thoughtfully. ESL professionals need to define multiculturalism, and multicultural literature, as those terms apply in ESL education and particularly in the context of the writing class, and understand and prepare for the fact that some students as well as fellow academics find such concepts controversial. This article discusses the following related issues in the ESL context: the “canon wars,” the purposes and benefits of teaching multicultural literature, possible pitfalls in emphasizing such literature with ESL students, the selection of textbooks with appropriate reading selections and editorial apparatus, and possible problems arising during such teaching.
Correlation of automated function imaging (AFI) to conventional strain analyses of regional and global right ventricular function.

Background Automated function imaging is a software tool available to facilitate the efficiency of workflow when analyzing left ventricular strain. In this study, automated function imaging was compared with a conventional approach for the analysis of right ventricular strain in normal and pressure-overloaded right ventricles. Methods Twelve pigs were subjected to graded acute right ventricular systolic pressure overload. Intraclass and interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical evaluation, with grading based on the κ statistic as follows: ICC >0.75 = excellent, 0.4 to 0.75 = good, and Results Intraobserver and interobserver variability for both regional and global strains consistently ranged from good to excellent (ICC, 0.50-0.99), with good agreement between the conventional and automated methods. Conclusion Automated function imaging correlates well with conventional strain analysis of the right ventricle. Automated function imaging is a practical tool for measuring regional and global longitudinal strain in both normal and pressure-overloaded right ventricles.
Electrostatic Self-Organization of Robust Porphyrin−Polyoxometalate Films

Strategies to create thin films using layer-by-layer methods use oppositely charged polymeric polyelectrolytes for both or at least one component to beneficially exploit multitopic electrostatic interactions between the deposited layers with opposite charges. In contrast, the electrostatic deposition of tetracationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1‘-methyl-4‘-pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP4+) with tetraanionic polyoxometalates such as EuPW11O394- or SiW12O404- onto charged substrates, such as mica, or polar substrates, such as glass and indium−tin oxide (ITO), demonstrates that the use of polymeric components is not a priori necessary. The use of molecules in sequential dipping approaches requires a careful balance in the interaction energies between the oppositely charged molecules, as demonstrated by the observation that a tetraanionic porphyrin such as 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin does not form layers with TMPyP4+. In the present case, these systems require several rounds...
Profiling Change An Empirical Study of Change Process Patterns

Profile analysis is proposed as a means for advancing empirical change process research. In the context of organizational studies, a profile can be viewed as a set of sequentially arranged factors ...
A software-hardware cosynthesis approach to digital system simulation

Our approach to digital system simulation compiles a high-level system model into a high-performance simulator that consists of software and hardware components. The target architecture for the simulation compiler is a tightly coupled processor and field-programmable gate array. We describe the simulation compiler and show how it can be used to improve simulation performance by up to a factor of two over an all-software simulator. >
The Climate is Right to Accelerate New Drug Development for Neglected Diseases

The Climate is Right to Accelerate New Drug Development for Neglected Diseases In the last decade the alarm has been raised that a renewed effort must be made in the understanding and treatment of neglected diseases. Neglected diseases are those that are most often associated with poverty in both developing and developed countries, where the affected are unlikely to receive or are unable to afford current treatments. The alarm is well received and understood. The facts that current drug treatments for these diseases are not always efficacious for various reasons, may have severe side-effects and therefore safety concerns and no new drugs have been developed nor are guaranteed to be developed beyond those that have been used for many decades, conspire to give concern. New drug development stagnation for neglected diseases is largely due to simple economics, namely, and understandably, there is no sufficient return on investment (ROI) for pharmaceutical companies to justify the commitment of resources to such diseases.
Effect of chronic renal failure on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in liver and kidney

In Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients, the hepatic clearance of many drugs is altered, which could be due to downregulation of hepatic enzymes. UGT1A6 is an important Phase II enzyme involved in the glucuronidation of planar phenols. The purpose of this study was to determine the catalytic activity and protein levels of rat hepatic and renal UGT1A6. CRF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4) by 5/6th Nephrectomy model in which two-thirds of left kidney and complete right kidney were excised and animals were sacrificed after 5 weeks; control animals (n=5) were sham operated and pair fed. UGT1A6 activity was determined by the glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) and Vmax and Km values were determined for hepatic UGT1A6. Protein content of UGT1A6 was examined by Western blot using a polyclonal antibody. There was no difference between CRF and CPF rats in hepatic and renal 4MU UGT activity (CRF liver: 32.08±4.82 nmole/min/mg, CPF liver: 30.26±5.54 nmole/min/mg; CRF kidney: 14.30±5.04 nmole/min/mg, CPF kidney: 13.63±5.55 nmole/min/mg) and UGT1A6 protein level. No difference was observed in the Vmax and Km values between the two groups. UGT1A6 protein levels were similar between the liver and the kidney. However the UGT1A6 activity was ~2-fold higher in the liver than the kidney, suggesting that 4MU may also be metabolized by other UGT isozymes in liver. CRF does not appear to influence the protein levels or catalytic activity of UGT1A6. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P86–P86; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.327
Everolimus in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer.

The discovery of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) molecular pathway has brought insight into its vital role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Several clinical trials have shown that the mTOR inhibitor everolimus could improve patient outcomes in several subtypes of breast cancer, including hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor–negative metastatic disease that has progressed after prior endocrine therapy. This review summarizes findings from clinical trials that have demonstrated the benefit of everolimus in metastatic breast cancer and highlights some new research directions utilizing everolimus.
Session Frequency and the Definition of Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis as a field is suffering in part because we remain locked into a definition of psychoanalysis based on what Gill (1984) called its “extrinsic” criteria—especially session frequency. I argue that organized psychoanalysis needs to redefine what it means to practice psychoanalysis. Such a redefinition is dictated not only by current realities of the marketplace but also by contemporary theory, which emphasizes the co-created, nonlinear nature of the analytic relationship. Some implications of this redefinition (a) for the distinction between psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy, and (b) for analytic training, are briefly considered.
A Crisis in Appropriate Education: the Dearth of Data On Programs for Secondary Handicapped Adolescents:

The push by federal, state, and local educational agencies to build appropriate services for secondary handicapped youths is being impeded by a lack of data. A review of the literature suggests that no significant research has been conducted with adolescents with educational handicaps in the areas of achievement motivation, labeling, memory and retrieval, moral development, and cognitive development and integration. Without research into these areas, educators will be faced with the continuing responsibility of building identification, assessement, program, placement, and ancillary services while lacking the necessary information.
Pacing termination of ventricular tachycardia: Influence of antiarrhythmic-slowed ectopic rate

The success of pacing stimuli interruption of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was examined in 77 episodes of sustained VT induced in 31 patients undergoing programmed electrical stimulation studies. Once VT was induced, a trial to terminate the arrhythmia by means of the technique of entrainment was attempted. If this failed, rapid burst pacing faster than the VT was begun to try and terminate the tachycardia. In 30 patients off antiarrhythmic agents, entrainment was effective in terminating VT in 27%, while burst pacing was also effective in 27%. In 37% of patients, VT was accelerated or ventricular fibrillation was produced by pacing techniques, and these patients required defibrillation. Following antiarrhythmic therapy that failed to prevent VT induction but did result in slowing of VT rate, entrainment was only successful in 23% of trials, while burst pacing was successful in 34% of trials. The incidence of acceleration of VT on therapy was 32%. There was no appreciable difference in acceleration noted with or without antiarrhythmic therapy. Regardless of therapy, the slower the VT rate, the greater success of pacing termination of VT and the lower the incidence of VT acceleration. Antiarrhythmic agents that significantly slow the VT rate increase the success rate of pacing stimuli interruption of VT and decrease the incidence of VT acceleration and thus the need for defibrillation. The results suggest that antiarrhythmic agents that slow the VT rate may increase the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic pacemakers in terminating VT.
An Assessment of Fixed-Mobile Convergence

FMC (fixed-mobile convergence) is introduced as an approach for converging wireless and wireline networks. Even though it has a number of appealing aspects, it also has significant technical, political and competitive problems.
On the direct method for transient stability analysis of power system structure preserving models

Attempts to complement the theoretical foundation of direct methods for transient stability analysis of structure preserving models made by H.D. Chiang et al. (see IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol.CAS-34, p.160-73, 1987) by treating the model as a set of differential-algebraic equations that are not reduced to a set of pure differential equations. The implications of stability analysis on structure preserving models of power systems are explored. The model includes nonlinear load models and exciter dynamics. A practical controlling unstable equilibrium point method tailored to structure preserving models is presented. >
A high-resolution multibit Sigma Delta ADC with digital correction and relaxed amplifier requirements

A second-order multibit Sigma Delta (sigma-delta) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a 4-b internal quantizer is described. It uses a simple and fast digital correction scheme. A correlated-double-sampling (CDS) fully differential integrator was used, in which the op amp needed only a low slew rate and moderate bandwidth for a sampling rate of 5.25 MHz. A second-order modulator was fabricated in the standard MOSIS p-well 2- mu m CMOS process. The excellent measured linearity and high S/(N+D) ratio (95 dB with an oversampling ratio of only 128) of the corrected converter verified the practical advantages of the proposed architecture. >
New Jersey’s Efforts To Improve Postpartum Depression Care Did Not Change Treatment Patterns For Women On Medicaid

Identification and treatment of postpartum depression are the increasing focus of state and national legislation, including portions of the Affordable Care Act. Some state policies and proposals are modeled directly on programs in New Jersey, the first state to require universal screening for postpartum depression among mothers who recently delivered babies. We examined the impact of these policies on a particularly vulnerable population, Medicaid recipients, and found that neither the required screening nor the educational campaign that preceded it was associated with improved treatment initiation, follow-up, or continued care. We argue that New Jersey's policies, although well intentioned, were predicated on an inadequate base of evidence and that efforts should now be undertaken to build that base. We also argue that to improve detection and treatment, policy makers contemplating or implementing postpartum depression mandates should consider additional measures. These could include requiring mechanisms to monitor and enforce the screening requirement; paying providers to execute screening and follow-up; and preliminary testing of interventions before policy changes are enacted.
Dual control and prevention of the turn-off phenomenon in a class of MIMO systems

A recently developed methodology of adaptive dual control based upon sensitivity functions is applied here to a multi-variable input-output model. The plant has constant but unknown parameters. It represents a simplified linear version of the relationship between the vibration output and the higher harmonic control input for a helicopter. The cautious and the new dual controller are examined. In many instances, the cautious controller is seen to turn off. The new dual controller modifies the cautious control design by numerator and denominator correction terms which depend upon the sensitivity functions of the expected future cost and avoids the turn-off and burst phenomena. Monte-Carlo simulations and statistical tests of Significance indicate the superiority of the dual controller over the cautious and the heuristic certainty equivalence controllers.
Growth and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells: selection of a proliferative population

Highly regulated programs for airway epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation during development and repair are often disrupted in disease. These processes have been studied in mouse model...
The sensitivity of stratocumulus-capped mixed layers to cloud droplet concentration: do LES and mixed-layer models agree?

Abstract. The sensitivity of a stratocumulus-capped mixed layer to a change in cloud droplet concentration is evaluated with a large-eddy simulation (LES) and a mixed layer model (MLM). The strength of the second aerosol indirect effect simulated by the two model types agrees within 50% for cases in which the LES-simulated boundary layer remains well mixed, if the MLM entrainment closure includes the effects of cloud droplet sedimentation. To achieve this agreement, parameters in the MLM entrainment closure and the drizzle parameterization must be retuned to match the LES. This is because the LES advection scheme and microphysical parameterization significantly bias the entrainment rate and precipitation profile compared to observational best guesses. Before this modification, the MLM simulates more liquid water path and much more drizzle at a given droplet concentration than the LES and is more sensitive to droplet concentration, even undergoing a drizzle-induced boundary layer collapse at low droplet concentrations. After this modification, both models predict a comparable decrease of cloud liquid water path as droplet concentration increases, cancelling 30–50% of the Twomey effect for our case. The agreement breaks down at the lowest simulated droplet concentrations, for which the boundary layer in the LES is not well mixed. Our results highlight issues with both types of model. Potential LES biases due to inadequate resolution, subgrid mixing and parameterized microphysics must be carefully considered when trying to make a quantitative inference of the second indirect effect from an LES of a stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. On the other hand, even slight internal decoupling of the boundary layer invalidates the central assumption of an MLM, substantially limiting the range of conditions that MLM-predicted sensitivities to droplet concentration are meaningful.
Physical education and academic achievement in elementary school: data from the early childhood longitudinal study.

Objectives. We examined the association between time spent in physical education and academic achievement in a longitudinal study of students in kindergarten through fifth grade.Methods. We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999, which employed a multistage probability design to select a nationally representative sample of students in kindergarten (analytic sample = 5316). Time spent in physical education (minutes per week) was collected from classroom teachers, and academic achievement (mathematics and reading) was scored on an item response theory scale.Results. A small but significant benefit for academic achievement in mathematics and reading was observed for girls enrolled in higher amounts (70–300 minutes per week) of physical education (referent: 0–35 minutes per week). Higher amounts of physical education were not positively or negatively associated with academic achievement among boys.Conclusions. Among girls, higher amounts of physical education...
Metal-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage in alkanes: effects of methyl substitution on transition-state structures and stability.

Methyl substituents at C–C bonds influence hydrogenolysis rates and selectivities of acyclic and cyclic C2–C8 alkanes on Ir, Rh, Ru, and Pt catalysts. C–C cleavage transition states form via equilibrated dehydrogenation steps that replace several C–H bonds with C-metal bonds, desorb H atoms (H*) from saturated surfaces, and form λ H2(g) molecules. Activation enthalpies (ΔH⧧) and entropies (ΔS⧧) and λ values for 3C–xC cleavage are larger than for 2C–2C or 2C–1C bonds, irrespective of the composition of metal clusters or the cyclic/acyclic structure of the reactants. 3C–xC bonds cleave through α,β,γ- or α,β,γ,δ-bound transition states, as indicated by the agreement between measured activation entropies and those estimated for such structures using statistical mechanics. In contrast, less substituted C–C bonds involve α,β-bound species with each C atom bound to several surface atoms. These α,β configurations weaken C–C bonds through back-donation to antibonding orbitals, but such configurations cannot form w...
Cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal approaches to a developmental psychopathology model of depression

One pathway to depression in children and adults is hypothesized to result from complex transactions among cognitive, stress, and interpersonal variables. Cognitive vulnerability includes not only appraisals of events and circumstances that emphasize personal unworthiness and incompetence, but also underlying beliefs and “working models” of the self and others. Such cognitions arise in part in the context of maladaptive attachment relations with the parents and may be reinforced by interpersonal incompetencies and difficulties in peer, family, and social relationships. Stressful conditions in early life and throughout development may undermine or erode the development of effective coping competencies. Moreover, maladaptive cognitions about the self and others, and ineffective coping competencies, may contribute to the occurrence of stressful events and circumstances —and these in turn may trigger depressive reactions. For many depressed people with chronic or recurrent depression, therefore, developmental processes play critical roles in the origin and continuation of the disorder.
Instrumentalism vs. Realism and Social Construction

An important debate in the philosophy of science, whether an instrumentalist or realist view of science correctly characterizes science, is examined in this paper through the lens of a related debate, namely whether science is a social construct or not. The latter debate arose in response to Kuhn’s work The Structure of Scientic Revolutions , in which he argued that while there exists a process through which scientic understanding evolves from primitive to increasingly rened ideas, it does not describe progress ’toward’ anything. Kuhn’s work was then used to argue that there is no such thing as a knowable objective reality, a view much in agreement with that of the instrumentalist. This paper argues that a generalized version of the correspondence principle applied to a theory’s domain of validity is an exclusive feature of science which distinguishes it from socially constructed phenomena and thereby supports the realist position. According to this argument, progress in science can be characterized as the replacement of old paradigms by new ones with greater domains of validity which obey the correspondence principle where the two paradigms overlap. This characterization, however, is susceptible to the instrumentalist objection that it does not t the transition from Aristotelian to Newtonian physics. In response, it is required that this argument depend on the intactness of certain core concepts in the face of experimental challenge within some regions of the theory’s original domain of validity. While this requirement saves the argument and even oers
The profile of upwelling 11-μm radiance through the atmospheric boundary layer overlying the ocean

Measurements of the gradient of 11-micron radiance from the ocean surface were made with spaceborne AVHRR and with radiometers carried on research vessels in California and east Florida waters. The results obtained for the radiance gradient at a variety of atmospheric conditions are in good agreement with radiative transfer calculations, suggesting that there was no significant error in the water vapor absorption parameters used in the calculations. The results confirm earlier predictions that, for a typical viewing factor (i.e., zenith angle 60 deg) and for mid-latitude standard water vapor conditions, the 11-micron radiant flux measured by a spaceborne sensor will be dominated by the atmospheric contribution to the total outgoing radiation in this 'window' region.
Formation of High-Resistivity Silver-Silicon Dioxide Composite Thin Films Using Sputter Deposition

Composite Ag-SiO2 thin films were deposited to examine the stability of materials with high resistivity above 5000 μΩ-cm. We found that the resistivity increases exponentially with SiO2 volume fractions larger than 0.50 which is consistent with a tunneling conductivity mechanism. In order to obtain a broad composition range, these films were deposited on a stationary substrate placed above Ag and SiO2 sputtering sources. This configuration allowed compositions ranging from 0.8 to 56.3% SiO2 to be deposited on the same sample. Resistance measurements were made using a four-point probe and a profilometer was used to measure thickness. Predicted values of thickness and composition were obtained by calibrating deposition rates from the separate sources, and were verified using Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy. Electron microscopy analysis revealed Ag agglomerating on the surface of the film. Because of the high mobility of Ag, the films should be capped to prevent Ag agglomeration. The results of this research demonstrate that high-resistivity thin films can be grown using Ag-SiO2 composites.
Holographic shift multiplexing in thin volumetric media

We describe a three-dimensional theoretical model of holographic shift multiplexing in thin volumetric media in paraxial approximation. In the case of shift multiplexing with three-dimensional beams, additional cross talk is found and its origin is attributed to Bragg-matching synchronism which occurs when shift in both transverse dimensions (x and y) is considered. The origin of this cross talk is attributed to three-dimensional Bragg degeneracy. The experimental results obtained for the case of two spherical wave front beams are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. We propose theoretically that the cross talk in spherical multiplexing can be minimized if reference and signal waves have the same radius of curvature.
Comparison of trunk and hip muscle activity during different degrees of lumbar and hip extension.

[Purpose] This study compared the activity of trunk and hip muscles during different degrees of lumbar and hip extension. [Subjects] The study enrolled 18 participants. [Methods] Two exercises (hip and lumbar extension) and two ranges (180° and 180° than at 180° lumbar extension. No significant differences were found in gluteus maximus activity according to exercise type or range. [Conclusion] Hip extension may be more effective and safer for lumbar rehabilitation than lumbar extension.
Ti esti state-terrorism?

This paper is an attempt to answer the raw philosophical question of ‘ti esti state-terrorism’. It is a critical philosophical analysis of the concept of state-terrorism based upon an epistemological discussion, in an effort to re-formulate the question of terrorism by making the case that state-terrorism is the mother phenomenon and root of all forms of terrorism. My ambition is to contribute to our understanding of terrorism by revealing that, in the Greek language which is the language of concepts and philosophy, the term terrorism is terrorcracy and literary means state-terrorism, while it belongs to the same family of words as democracy, since the suffix –cracy, a recognition that may have the power to open new ways of viewing the term and phenomenon of terrorism, if not re-define the whole concept by describing it according to the term’s original meaning. Under this logic, terrorism would refer to a form of government and a political system. A hypothesis that my essay introduces into the philosophical dialogues on terrorism, since it never before has been discussed within these terms. State-terrorism is a forbidden term according to legal experts, however should not be treated as a sterile term by critical thinkers.
Educational Practices Regarding Anticoagulation and Dental Procedures in U.S. Dental Schools

Evidence suggests that stopping oral anticoagulation with warfarin is not necessary in patients requiring low-risk dental procedures and may actually increase thrombosis risk. However, widespread belief remains among dentists that stopping oral anticoagulation for dental procedures is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching practice of U.S. dental faculty responsible for providing education to dental students about anticoagulation. Surveys were mailed in 2003 and 2004 to fifty-five U.S. dental faculties to assess their teaching practice regarding anticoagulation and dental procedures. Twenty-eight (50.9 percent) of the schools returned surveys. Contrary to evidence indicating anticoagulation does not need to be altered, many dental faculty responded that they teach dental students to discuss with medical providers/patients about altering warfarin therapy for several routine procedures: 21.4 percent (cleaning), 14.3 percent (restorative treatment), 46.4 percent (single simple extraction), 64.3 percent (multiple simple extractions), and 17.9 percent (root canal). However, 67.9 percent stated an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2.0-3.0 would be acceptable prior to dental procedures. A discrepancy was also found between the number of faculty recommending altering warfarin in intermediate- to high-risk individuals compared to those recommending heparin bridging for the same patients. Overall, this study identified inconsistencies between teaching practices in U.S. dental schools and medical evidence. Dental faculty should consider comparing their teaching material with evidence regarding anticoagulation and dental procedures. Continuing education may be necessary for practicing dentists regarding this topic.
Early History of Hydrometry in the United States

The history of hydrometry (stream flow measurements) is very enlightening and inspiring. Field methods which were established in America several decades ago, were widely adapted as standards in many other countries. The names of American pioneers, such as Humphreys and Abbot, Francis, Herschel, Hoyt and Grover, Stout, Stevens, Horton, Allen and Gibson, are well known throughout the world. However, many distinguished and deserving men have been almost forgotten in their own country. The aim of this study is to recall the deeds of the American pioneers in our field of science and engineering, examine their achievements, give credit where credit is due, and in this way to pay tribute to our glorious past.
Estimating optimal treatment regimes via subgroup identification in randomized control trials and observational studies

With new treatments and novel technology available, personalized medicine has become an important piece in the new era of medical product development. Traditional statistics methods for personalized medicine and subgroup identification primarily focus on single treatment or two arm randomized control trials. Motivated by the recent development of outcome weighted learning framework, we propose an alternative algorithm to search treatment assignments which has a connection with subgroup identification problems. Our method focuses on applications from clinical trials to generate easy to interpret results. This framework is able to handle two or more than two treatments from both randomized control trials and observational studies. We implement our algorithm in C++ and connect it with R. Its performance is evaluated by simulations, and we apply our method to a dataset from a diabetes study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bibliotherapy interventions for female low sexual desire: erotic fiction versus self-help

ABSTRACTLow sexual desire is the number one complaint that women bring to their health care practitioners. Limited research demonstrates that written materials (or bibliotherapy) increase sexual desire in women. The aim of this study was to further the literature by conducting a comparative study on the efficacy of two types of written materials when read by women struggling with low sexual desire: self-help versus erotic fiction. Thirty-five women across the two conditions completed sexual functioning measures at two time points (pre-intervention and post-intervention), with 27 women completing a six-week follow-up. Participants reading both types of books made statistically significant gains on the two measures of desire, arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, orgasm, pain reduction, and overall sexual functioning. In both conditions, those participating in a six-week follow-up maintained their gains in desire, satisfaction, pain reduction, and overall sexual functioning. Findings are discussed within the ...
Affordable State Estimation Using Inertial Navigation Sensor Arrays

An extended Kalman filter using a point mass dynamic model and commercial-off-theshelf inertial navigation system sensor arrays was developed by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory to provide affordable, GPS-denied state estimation in precision projectiles. The algorithm was implemented and simulations were conducted with a six degree-of-freedom model of a mortar flight. Sensors were simulated with typical MEMS device errors. Results demonstrate the behavior of the estimator as a function of sensor arrays size. Overall, position error is improved as an array of 100 sensors reduces position by 41% over the single array.
Bases of Support for Mexico's Dominant Party *

The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the bases of support for Mexico's Partido Revolucionario Institucional. A model is developed which identifies the major and minor variables affecting changes in PRI support in the six elections between 1952 and 1967. Throughout the paper the unit of analysis is the state; the dependent variables are voter turnout and the percentage of the total vote in each state received by the PRI.
Core values: elucidating the role of seed structure in the synthesis of symmetrically branched nanocrystals.

Branched metal nanoparticles often display unique physicochemical properties on account of their structures; however, most examples are asymmetric, with branches randomly distributed from the cores of the nanoparticles. This asymmetry can give rise to variable properties between samples. Here, we report the synthesis of symmetrically branched Au/Pd nanocrystals including five-branched pentapods with D3h symmetry, 24-branched nanocrystals with Oh symmetry, 12-branched nanocrystals with Td symmetry, and eight-branched octopods and bowties with Oh and D4h symmetry, respectively. These structures are achieved by seed-mediated co-reduction wherein the shapes of the seeds direct the number and symmetry patterns of the branches. Compositional boundaries exist at the interfaces between the seed and overgrowth metals to provide visualization via advanced electron microscopy of the relationships between seed structure and the symmetry of branched nanocrystals. Significantly, seed structure plays a definitive role i...
Philadelphia chromosome studies of mailed-in blood samples.

Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome studies can be performed successfully on heparinized samples of peripheral blood that are mailed to the laboratory and are received 2 to 3 days after they were drawn.
Logic programming

Logic programming is programming by description. The programmer describes the application area and lets the program choose specific operations. Logic programs are easier to create and enable machines to explain their results and actions.
Estimating the performance of multidimensional access methods based on nonoverlapping regions: Research Articles

Most cost models for the prediction of the performance of multidimensional access methods are based on Minkowski operations. However, this approach does not correspond to the space-partitioning strategy of multidimensional access methods that produce nonoverlapping index regions, for example, the KDB-tree and its variants. This article proposes a new cost model for the prediction of the selection (search) performance of the related access methods, including its adaptation for nonuniform data. The results of an extensive set of experiments conducted on both simulated and real data show that the cost model and its extension provide a basis for a highly accurate analysis of these structures in both low- and high-dimensional situations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 259–277, 2007.
Finite-Difference Schemes

Due to its relative simplicity, finite-difference (FD) analysis was historically the first numerical technique for boundary value problems in mathematical physics.
Playing With Empowerment The Half the Sky Movement, Female-Facebook-Gamers, and Neoliberal Development

This study analyzes how the Half the Sky Movement uses the concept of women’s empowerment to engage female social gamers in a neoliberal development project that turns leisure time into development labor. While the Facebook game has successfully garnered global attention from mainstream media, celebrity endorsements, and impressive public participation, this study argues that it problematically reinforces a dominant approach to development at odds with a feminist understanding of gender and empowerment. Through active design choices, the organization has worked to create a gendered, social media game space that prioritizes individual financial empowerment and monetary aid.