cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Witnesses’ memories for lineup fillers postdicts their identification accuracy

Abstract Witnesses who have quick, automatic recognition experiences when viewing a lineup tend to make more accurate decisions than witnesses who engage in slower, more deliberative processes. A novel postdictor of identification accuracy is predicted from these findings: memories for lineup fillers should be stronger among inaccurate, rather than accurate, witnesses. Undergraduate students (N = 320) viewed a mock crime, made a lineup identification decision, and were given a surprise test for their memory for the lineup fillers. Consistent with predictions, better memories for lineup fillers postdicted mistaken identifications and the suspect's innocence. Information gain analyses showed that under some conditions, memory for lineup fillers provided as much information about the suspect's guilt as a lineup identification. Findings are consistent with the idea that postdictors of eyewitness accuracy are valuable to the extent that they measure the automaticity or deliberativeness of the witness's experience when viewing the lineup.
Comparative Evolutionary and Developmental Dynamics of the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Fiber Transcriptome

The single-celled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber provides an excellent model to investigate how human selection affects phenotypic evolution. To gain insight into the evolutionary genomics of cotton domestication, we conducted comparative transcriptome profiling of developing cotton fibers using RNA-Seq. Analysis of single-celled fiber transcriptomes from four wild and five domesticated accessions from two developmental time points revealed that at least one-third and likely one-half of the genes in the genome are expressed at any one stage during cotton fiber development. Among these, ∼5,000 genes are differentially expressed during primary and secondary cell wall synthesis between wild and domesticated cottons, with a biased distribution among chromosomes. Transcriptome data implicate a number of biological processes affected by human selection, and suggest that the domestication process has prolonged the duration of fiber elongation in modern cultivated forms. Functional analysis suggested that wild cottons allocate greater resources to stress response pathways, while domestication led to reprogrammed resource allocation toward increased fiber growth, possibly through modulating stress-response networks. This first global transcriptomic analysis using multiple accessions of wild and domesticated cottons is an important step toward a more comprehensive systems perspective on cotton fiber evolution. The understanding that human selection over the past 5,000+ years has dramatically re-wired the cotton fiber transcriptome sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture underlying cotton fiber synthesis and phenotypic evolution.
A shear force feedback control system for near-field scanning optical microscopes without lock-in detection

An improvement to the currently used ac impedance detection method for tip-sample distance control in near-field scanning optical microscopes is described and demonstrated. The output signal of the electronic bridge is increased by a factor of 5000 so that a root-mean-square chip can be used in place of sensitive lock-in detection. It is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio of this new method is high enough to detect 0.07 nm changes in topography. In addition, this modification makes the electronics for the shear force feedback compact and inexpensive.
The leucine zipper domain controls the orientation of AP-1 in the NFAT·AP-1·DNA complex

Abstract Background: Heterologous transcription factors bound to adjacent sites in eukaryotic promoters often exhibit cooperative behavior. In most instances, the molecular basis for this cooperativity is poorly understood. Our efforts have been directed toward elucidation of the mechanism of cooperativity between NFAT and AP-1, two proteins that coordinately direct expression of the T -cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2). Results: We have previously shown that NFAT1 orients the two subunits of AP-1, c-Jun and c-Fos, on DNA through direct protein-protein interactions. In the present study, we have constructed cJun-cFos chimeric proteins and determined their orientation using a novel affinity-cleavage technology based on chemical ligation. We find that, in the presence of NFAT, the chimeric heterodimer binds in such a way as to preserve the orientation of the AP-1 leucine zipper, but not that of the basic region. Conclusions: Protein-protein interactions between N FAT and the leucine zipper of AP-1 enable the two proteins to bind DNA cooperatively and coordinately regulate the IL-2 promoter. The chemical ligation technology presented here provides a powerful strategy for affinity cleavage studies, including those using recombinant proteins.
A Theoretical Imperative

Abstract I argue that theory, whatever our methodological framework, is our greatest need; still, the advantages of science are expounded. I see geography as a set of exciting and important theoretical questions that have barely been tackled and hope that my description of the field provides a unified framework for seemingly disparate parts of geography. I suggest that a somewhat more structured institutional research strategy may be needed to advance the field.
'Nothing to laugh at at all': humor in biochemical journals

In a previous article, I analyzed two 'in-house' journals produced by the Department of Biochemistry in Cambridge and by the Gilbert Laboratory at Harvard in the 1920s and 1970S, respectively.That study showed that humor is important for scientists, but the sample was too small for any statistically significant conclusions to be drawn regarding the general role of humor in scientists' lives. Now, I have extended the study to examine the occurrence of humor in peer-reviewed scientific journals, specialist publications devoted to scientific humor and in formal publications in the healthcare professions.
Uncoiling centriole duplication

The invariant duplication of the centriole once per cell cycle is critical for cell division. SAS-5 is the most recent of three coiled-coil centriolar proteins found to be required for centriole duplication in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Parvovirus B19 infections in pregnancy

Parvovirus B19 is the viral agent that causes the childhood exanthum erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease. Approximately 50% of pregnant women are seropositive for this agent and thus immune to primary infection. However, acute infection may develop in seronegative pregnant women exposed to B19. Acute B19 infections during pregnancy have been associated with miscarriage and hydrops fetalis. This latter condition is amenable to fetal therapy via intrauterine transfusion.
Building bridges for learning within and between organizations

Two panels explore examples of fruitful collaboration between, and across, higher education organizations. Panel 1: Panel members discuss how Lehigh's instructional technologists use an effective, team-based approach to evaluate new technologies and their potential as academic applications. Panel 2: Members of The Boston Consortium's IT Training Group discuss how trustful relationships enabled innovative collaboration between schools, resulting in improved IT learning services at the local level.
Mitochondrial oversight of cellular Ca2+ signaling

Mitochondria, the metabolic powerhouses of the cell, can sequester and release large amounts of Ca2+. This import and export of Ca2+ helps to adjust energy production of cellular needs. Recent advances show that mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes play a major role in normal Ca2+ signaling.
Lighted stents facilitate robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureterovaginal fistula repair

Three cases of ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) repair were reviewed in order to improve the minimally invasive surgical technique. We successfully repaired UVF robotically using five ports by placing a lighted ureteral stent preoperatively to assist with ureter identification and dissection. Placement of a lacrimal duct probe allowed fistula tract identification and obliteration. Preoperative surgical team planning is useful to avoid errors and delays. A multispecialty and an experienced robotic surgical team were paramount for the success of our robotic repair.
Impact of consumer-operated services on empowerment and recovery of people with psychiatric disabilities

Objective: Although the professional literature is replete with descriptions of consumer-operated services, empirical examination of these services has been relatively limited. In this study, the cross-sectional relationship between participation in consumeroperated services and measures of recovery and empowerment is examined. Methods: A total of 1,824 people with psychiatric disability indicated whether they had participated in a peer support program (the proxy of consumer-operated services) during the past four months. They also were administered two five-factor measures of recovery and of empowerment. Results: Participation in peer support was associated with nine of ten factors generated by the recovery and empowerment instruments. These associations remained significant when commensurate demographic variables were controlled for. Conclusions: Participation in peer support showed a significant association with multiple outcome and recovery subscales, but the magnitude of the effect was small. The associative nature of the data precludes stating that peer support caused the observed improvement. (Psychiatric Services 57: 1493–1496, 2006)
Cigarette smoke increases cardiomyocyte ceramide accumulation and inhibits mitochondrial respiration

Background: Cigarette smoking is a common and lethal worldwide habit, with considerable mortality stemming from its deleterious effects on heart function. While current theories posit altered blood lipids and fibrinogen metabolism as likely mediators, none have explored the role of the sphingolipid ceramide in exacerbating heart function with smoke exposure. Ceramide production is a consequence of cigarette smoke in the lung, and considering ceramide’s harmful effects on mitochondrial function, we sought to elucidate the role of ceramide in mediating smoke-induced altered heart mitochondrial respiration. Methods: Lung cells (A549) were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and heart cells (H9C2) were exposed to the lung-cell conditioned medium. Adult male mice were exposed sidestream cigarette smoke for 8 wk with dietary intervention and ceramide inhibition. Ceramides and heart cell or myocardial mitochondrial respiration were determined. Results: Lung cell cultures revealed a robust response to cigarette smoke extract in both production and secretion of ceramides. Heart cells incubated with lung-cell conditioned medium revealed a pronounced inhibition of myocardial mitochondrial respiration, though this effect was mitigated with ceramide inhibition via myriocin. In vivo, heart ceramides increased roughly 600% in adult mice with long-term sidestream cigarette smoke exposure. This resulted in a significant ceramide-dependent reduction in left myocardial mitochondrial respiration, as heart mitochondria from the mice exposed to both smoke and myriocin injections respired normally. Conclusions: These results suggest ceramide to be an important mediator of altered myocardial mitochondrial function with cigarette smoke exposure. Thus, anti-ceramide therapies might be considered in the future to protect heart mitochondrial function with smoke exposure.
A finite-difference model to study the elastic-wave interactions with buried land mines

A two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference model for elastic waves in the ground has been developed. The model uses the equation of motion and the stress-strain relation, from which a first-order stress-velocity formulation is obtained. The resulting system of equations is discretized using centered finite-differences. A perfectly matched layer surrounds the discretized solution space and absorbs the outward traveling waves. The numerical model is validated by comparison to an analytical solution. The numerical model is used to study the interaction of elastic waves with a buried land mine. It is seen that the presence of an air-chamber within the mine gives rise to resonant oscillations that are clearly visible on the surface above the mine. The resonance is shown to be due to flexural waves being trapped within the thin layer between the surface of the ground and the air chamber of the mine. The numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations.
Bubble hair--a possible explanation for its distribution.

A 23-year-old white woman presented with a circumscribed area of shortened hairs along the anterior hairline. Approximately 1 month previously, the involved hairs had broken abruptly following shampooing. She used a hot air blow dryer for hair styling, but did not use electric rollers or a curling iron. Nor did she bleach, dye, or permanently wave her hair. The patient’s hair styling technique involved wrapping hairs of the frontal hairline over a round brush whilst blow drying. There was no personal or family history of alopecia or scalp infections. On physical examination, an oval-shaped area of shortened hairs (5–6 cm in length) was noted along the anterior hairline (Fig. 1). The area of involvement measured 5×4 cm and was to the left of the midline. The texture of the affected hairs was coarser than that of the unaffected hairs, and these broken hairs were somewhat crinkled in appearance. There was no erythema, scale, or discrete areas of alopecia on the scalp. By light microscopy, the broken hairs demonstrated multiple bubbles within the hair shafts (Fig. 2). Some of the bubbles led to the distension of the hair shaft. There was no evidence of trichorrhexis nodosa.
Safety of cervical spine manipulation: are adverse events preventable and are manipulations being performed appropriately? A review of 134 case reports

AbstractBackgroundCervical spine manipulation (CSM) is a commonly utilized intervention, but its use remains controversial.PurposeTo retrospectively analyze all available documented case reports in the literature describing patients who had experienced severe adverse events (AEs) after receiving CSM to determine if the CSM was used appropriately, and if these types of AEs could have been prevented using sound clinical reasoning on the part of the clinician.Data sourcesPubMed and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health were systematically searched for case reports between 1950 and 2010 of AEs following CSM.Study selectionCase reports were included if they were peer-reviewed; published between 1950 and 2010; case reports or case series; and had CSM as an intervention. Articles were excluded if the AE occurred without CSM (e.g. spontaneous); they were systematic or literature reviews. Data extracted from each case report included: gender; age; who performed the CSM and why; presence of contraindica...
The Difficulty of Restoring Structural Balance: The Case of Indiana, 2001–2007

Abstract The State of Indiana has faced a steadily deteriorating fiscal condition since the turn of the 21st century. The root problem has been state leaders' failure to recognize the weakening of Indiana's economic base in the wake of the recent recession, evidenced by significant employment losses since 2001, particularly in the manufacturing sector. State spending has continued apace, and even accelerated in the case of certain “big ticket” item. In response to the fiscal shortfall, the state has pursued its time-worn budget balancing tactics of drawing down cash reserves, raiding extra-budgetary funds, and delaying payments to municipal governments, school districts and universities. The debts that the state owes to these other units have mounted. Meanwhile, five years after the onset of the April 2001 recession, the state economy has not recovered sufficiently to repay these debts, as it had been able to after the two most recessions. This leaves Indiana highly vulnerable to another national recession.
The "write" touch in physics and engineering education

Summary form only given as follows. Writing has long been established to be an effective means of expressing one's ideas, thoughts, and understanding about nature and the world. Through this interactive workshop we report on an ongoing research study designed to address the role of writing in terms of the assessment of student learning. To this end, a new instructional technique for incorporating writing into the introductory curriculum is described. This technique was first developed to bring science and engineering topics to the forefront in a new introductory physics course designed exclusively for nonmajors at American University in Washington, DC. The technique employed required students to write and present a scientific paper for their peers using guidelines very similar to those required for authors of FIE conference papers. Through this process, students were exposed to all aspects of preparing a paper for publication including the submission of an abstract, the preparation of a draft of their paper for a formal review process, and finally, the preparation of a revised, camera-ready copy for publication in the conference proceedings. Students were also required to present their final papers at a "conference" at the end of the semester. A summary of the curriculum devised for this writing technique is presented. Based on the success of this technique in the introductory physics class, a similar strategy was employed on a larger scale in an introductory Freshman Engineering course at the University of Pittsburgh. Throughout this workshop we share our experiences with adopting the "write" touch in our own classes as well as provide participants with the tools needed to adapt a similar approach for use in their own classes. Links are also made to the importance of making science and engineering topics accessible to majors as well as nonmajors through the active process of writing. Additional applications of writing in the classroom are presented and discussed, particularly as they relate to the, assessment of student learning. Samples of students' writing are shared along with a summary of the students' overall perceptions of this process.
Income Distribution, City Size, and Urban Growth

The relationship between city size, urban growth, and the metropolitan income distribution is discussed in this paper. Drawing on basic economic theory we develop the 'monopoly' hypothesis which su...
Effect on the Quality Characteristics of Turkey Breast Muscle of Tumbling Whole Carcasses in the Presence of Salt and Phosphate

Abstract Turkey carcasses were injected with 0 or 7% sodium chloride solution in the presence or absence of 12% sodium tripolyphosphates at 3% of the body weight. Following injection, carcasses were divided into a tumbled and non-tumbled group. Tumbling was carried out in a cold room (5 C) in a laboratory-sized tumbler for 2 h at 20 rpm with 10-min rest intervals for every 10 min of tumbling until a total of 1 h of tumbling was achieved. Tumbling and salt treatments significantly reduced cooking losses and shear values and increased the concentration of total protein in the exudate, but did not significantly affect expressible moisture. Sodium tripolyphosphate significantly reduced shear values and improved myofibrillar protein extraction. Sensory properties (juiciness, tenderness, and flavor) of the cooked meat were significantly improved when the carcasses were injected with either salt/or phosphate or both. However, tumbling did not show any significant effect on sensory properties. Results generally indicated that tumbling in the presence of salt or phosphate improved myofibrillar protein extraction and tumbling independent of salt and phosphate improved protein extractability of turkey meat.
Virtual Team Research An Analysis of Theory Use and a Framework for Theory Appropriation

Recent information systems research has studied various aspects of virtual teams. However, the foundations and theoretical development of virtual team research remain unclear. We propose that an important way to move forward is to accelerate the process of theorizing and theory appropriation. This article presents an in-depth analysis of the current state of the art of theory application and development in virtual team research. We identify the frequency, pattern of use, and ontological basis of 25 virtual team-relevant theories. A researcher’s tool kit is presented to promote future theory application and appropriation. The tool kit consists of a descriptive and analytical database of theories relevant for virtual team research. We also present a framework for appropriating virtual team theories based on seven criteria. A detailed example demonstrates the application of the theory appropriation framework. The article contributes to the literature by presenting the state of the art of theory use in virtua...
Use of Multiple Reporting Sources for Perinatal Hepatitis B Surveillance and Follow-up

The New York State Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program was implemented in New York State (excluding New York City) as a surveillance and control program in 1988. This report describes and evaluates the program and provides data from 1991 regarding hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and their infants' subsequent hepatitis B vaccination. The program was created using multiple existing surveillance and data collection systems. Completeness of case-ascertainment was estimated by means of the Chandra Sekar-Deming method (J Am Stat Assoc 1949 ;44 :101-15). An audit of hospital medical records and follow-up by local health departments were used to validate reporting accuracy. Of 158,273 live births in 1991, 363 (0.2%) were born to confirmed HBsAg-positive mothers. Estimated completeness of case-ascertainment was 96%. Thirty-five percent of HBsAg-positive mothers did not report risk factors for hepatitis B, confirming the need for universal testing. Of the infants, 83% received hepatitis B immune globulin and three doses of vaccine within one year of birth. By using existing data collection systems, the program was established quickly, and start-up funding and training requirements were simplified. Multiple reporting increased case-ascertainment to almost 100%. The program effectively identifies and ensures prompt vaccination of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Am J Epidemiol 1995 ;142 :765-70.
STATIC COMPLIANCE BEFORE AND AFTER VAGINAL DELIVERY

SUMMARY Static total and lung compliance measurements were made in five healthy term-pregnant women immediately before and after vaginal delivery using a super-syringe and oesophageal balloon. Chest wall compliance was calculated from the formula of Comroe and associates (1962). The influence of supine recumbent v. lithotomy position was also evaluated and compared to five non-pregnant women. Following parturition, total and chest wall compliances increased significantly while lung compliance changes were variable and of smaller magnitude. In most patients, recumbent total and chest wall compliances were higher than lithotomy position values. The difference was greatest in the antepartum group and smallest in the control group. The mass factor of the enlarged uterus elevating the diaphragm appears to be the main cause for the antepartum decreases in total and chest wall compliance.
De-anonymizing the internet using unreliable IDs

Today's Internet is open and anonymous. While it permits free traffic from any host, attackers that generate malicious traffic cannot typically be held accountable. In this paper, we present a system called HostTracker that tracks dynamic bindings between hosts and IP addresses by leveraging application-level data with unreliable IDs. Using a month-long user login trace from a large email provider, we show that HostTracker can attribute most of the activities reliably to the responsible hosts, despite the existence of dynamic IP addresses, proxies, and NATs. With this information, we are able to analyze the host population, to conduct forensic analysis, and also to blacklist malicious hosts dynamically.
Goal Conflict in Juror Assessments of Compensatory and Punitive Damages

Recent tort reform debates have been hindered by a lack of knowledge of how jurors assess damages. Two studies investigated whether jurors are able to appropriately compartmentalize compensatory and punitive damages. In Study 1, mock jurors read a trial summary and were asked to assess compensatory and punitive damages in one of three conditions: (a) compensatory damages only, (b) punitive damages for the plaintiff, or (c) punitive damages for the state treasury. Results suggest that jurors who did not have the option to award punitive damages inflated compensatory damages via pain and suffering awards. Jurors were marginally more likely to award punitive damages when the plaintiff was the recipient. Mock jurors in Study 2 read a similar case summary and were asked to assess compensatory and punitive damages. Two factors were varied in Study 2: (a) egregiousness of the defendant's conduct, and (b) the recipient of any punitive damages (the plaintiff vs. a consortium of state funds). Jurors were more likely to award punitive damages when the defendant's conduct was more egregious and when the plaintiff was the recipient. The results suggest leakage between compensatory and punitive damage judgments, contrary to the law's mandate.
Framework for enabling system understanding

Building the effective HPC resilience mechanisms required for viability of next generation supercomputers will require in depth understanding of system and component behaviors. Our goal is to build an integrated framework for high fidelity long term information storage, historic and run-time analysis, algorithmic and visual information exploration to enable system understanding, timely failure detection/prediction, and triggering of appropriate response to failure situations. Since it is unknown what information is relevant and since potentially relevant data may be expressed in a variety of forms (e.g., numeric, textual), this framework must provide capabilities to process different forms of data and also support the integration of new data, data sources, and analysis capabilities. Further, in order to ensure ease of use as capabilities and data sources expand, it must also provide interactivity between its elements. This paper describes our integration of the capabilities mentioned above into our OVIS tool.
Digital Media and Social Movements: The Role of New Media in the Outcome of Proposition 8

Using Proposition 8 in the state of California as a case study, this article examines whether new media can be effectively used to aid social and political movements. The author analyzes the digital rhetoric involved in the campaigns surrounding the debate over marriage equality to demonstrate that these technologies were a deciding factor in the passing of Proposition 8. A framework is presented that demonstrates the applicability of new media to all social movements.
Leptotrichiaceae fam. nov.

Lep.to.tri.chi.a.ce'a.e. N.L. fem. n. Leptotrichia type genus of the family; suff. -aceae ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Leptotrichiaceae the Leptotrichia family. Fusobacteria / Fusobacteriia / Fusobacteriales / Leptotrichiaceae Keywords: Leptotrichiaceae fam. nov.; Leptotrichia; Fusobacteriia class. nov.; Fusobacteriales ord. nov
Student Success Factors in Two Online Introductory-Level Natural Resource Courses

Studies examining potential differences between face-to-face and online courses have been confounded by dissimilarities in student characteristics and their learning strategies used in each environment. In response, research has shifted to determining which intrinsic qualities and learning approaches promote academic success online. The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to evaluate the interplay between motivation, expectation, affectation, and learning self-regulation abilities and their potential influences on course performance and effort in two online introductory undergraduate wildlife and fisheries sciences courses. Surprisingly, motivation, expectation, affectation, and self-regulation were often negatively related to course performance but positively related to time spent on the course. Further, motivation, expectancy, and affectation were positively related to self-regulation. Such results appear confounding given that effort and the ability to self-regulate learning are often discussed as important factors to academic success, particularly in the online environment. Perhaps students are not spending time on the appropriate learning strategies for that environment or are over reporting their perceived abilities to self-regulate. Overall, this study highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic student factors, learning strategies, and academic success, and further research is needed to better facilitate online learning.
Body Composition, Muscle Quality and Scoliosis in Female Collegiate Gymnasts: A Pilot Study.

Research has demonstrated an elevated prevalence of body weight concerns and scoliosis among female gymnasts. The purpose of the current pilot study was to evaluate the utility of ultrasonography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as practical imaging modalities to measure body composition and spinal curvature variables that may correlate with performance in female collegiate gymnasts (n=15). DXA was used to evaluate body composition and lateral spinal curvature, utilizing a modified Ferguson method. Echo intensity (EI) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vastus lateralis were determined from a panoramic cross-sectional ultrasound image. For returning athletes (n=9), performance scores from the previous season were averaged to quantify performance. The average performance score was correlated with lean mass of the arms (R=0.714; P=0.03) and right leg (R=0.680; P=0.04). Performance was not correlated with total mass, fat mass or body fat percentage (P>0.10). Scoliosis was identified in 3 of 15 scans (20%). Echo intensity and CSA of the vastus lateralis were inversely correlated with each other (R=−0.637, P=0.01), but not with other measures of body composition or performance. Results suggest that limb LBM may be a determinant of gymnastics performance, and DXA may provide important health and performance-related information for female collegiate gymnasts.
Further Studies on Effect of Adrenal Cortex Extract and of Various Steroids on Capillary Permeability.

ConclusionsThe extract of the adrenal cortex inhibits the increased capillary permeability induced either by an inflammatory exudate or by leukotaxine, in turn isolated from exudative material. A similar tendency, although generally not quite as pronounced, can be elicited by various steroid fractions such as synthetic desoxycorticosterone acetate (percorten) or Kendall's Compounds A, B, and E derived from the adrenal cortex, provided that these substances prior to assay are dissolved in an oily vehicle. Mere suspension of the steroids in saline or serum fails to reveal any inhibitory activity on capillary permeability.
Unilateral and bilateral hernia

T HIS study was undertaken primarily for the purpose of determining whether there was any increased risk to the patient in the performance of bilateral over uniIatera1 inguinal herniotomy. It resolved into an analysis of the postoperative complications and an attempt to ascertain the etiologic factors concerned. It was felt that information might be obtained which would aid in determining the value of thyroid extract as a prophylactic agent against embolism. The total number of cases studied was 1066, comprising a consecutive series of 522 bilateral and 544 unilateral herniotomies. Of the total number of patients, only 71, or 6.6 per cent, were females. Although various types of surgical procedures are employed in the treatment of inguinaI hernias they are sufficiently standardized to give a reasonable basis for comparison, and it can be said that there is approximately twice as much surgical trauma, and the duration of operation and anesthesia is approximately twice as long in bilateral herniotomy as in unilateral herniotomy. Right inguinal hernia occurs more frequently than left inguinal hernia, but there is no significant difference between the two in the risk of operative treatment, as far as comphcations are concerned. An interesting point was noted that, regardless of the side on which operation had been performed, phIebitis occurred much more frequently in the left Ieg. We shaI1 first concern ourseIves with those compIications that couId be of FeIIow in Surgery, The Mayo Foundation
Veratti and beyond: Structural contributions to the study of muscle activation

Veratti’s work provided a key background element in our understanding of how muscle fibers are activated to contract. The black reaction of Golgi, as applied by Veratti and as beautifully illustrated in his illustrations, highlights a pervasive system of tubules that penetrates across the entire fiber cross section at periodical intervals. Continuity of the system with the fiber periphery is clearly demonstrated in Veratti’s drawings and was later confirmed by electron microscopy. Veratti’s technique, applied to specimen preparation for electron microscopy, has further shown that the sarcoplasmic reticulum is also highlighted by the potassium dichromate-osmium-silver nitrate infiltration. Images from infiltrated muscles, examined in the electron microscope have provided extensive details of the precise matching between the properties of the membrane systems responsible for delivering calcium and those of the contractile material resulting in harmonious muscle operation.
The Different Other and Dialogue

The main theses of the article show the ways that various groups, whether ethnic, racial, religious or even ideological fall prey to monological positions without recognizing their own limitations. Thus they assume a “universal” position as all inclusive and true to reality itself. Those who hold such a position are not cognizant that without dialogical engagement there would not be a position. In this sense, the dialogical encounter allows one to have a position and its limitation. Moreover, monological positions tend to define others in such a way, that the others accept such definitions and become part of a specific monologue. The article is designed to show the ways of extricating oneself from monological posturing.
Reducing, Maintaining, or Escalating Uncertainty? The Development and Validation of Four Uncertainty Preference Scales Related to Cancer Information Seeking and Avoidance

Uncertainty is a central characteristic of many aspects of cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Brashers's (2001) uncertainty management theory details the multifaceted nature of uncertainty and describes situations in which uncertainty can both positively and negatively affect health outcomes. The current study extends theory on uncertainty management by developing four scale measures of uncertainty preferences in the context of cancer. Two national surveys were conducted to validate the scales and assess convergent and concurrent validity. Results support the factor structure of each measure and provide general support across multiple validity assessments. These scales can advance research on uncertainty and cancer communication by providing researchers with measures that address multiple aspects of uncertainty management.
Early Detection of Airborne Inoculum of Magnaporthe oryzae in Turfgrass Fields Using a Quantitative LAMP Assay.

Gray leaf spot (GLS) is a destructive disease of perennial ryegrass caused by a host specific pathotype of the ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective disease management and the implementation of Integrated Pest Management practices. However, a rapid protocol for the detection of low levels of airborne inoculum is still missing. We developed a pathogen-specific quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) assay coupled with a spore trap system for rapid detection and quantification of airborne inoculum of the M. oryzae perennial ryegrass pathotype, and tested its suitability for implementation in GLS-infected turfgrass fields. In summer 2015, two perennial ryegrass plots were artificially inoculated with the pathogen, with four continuously running custom impaction spore traps placed in each plot. Sampling units were replaced daily and tested with the developed qLAMP assay, while plots were monitored for symptom development. Results confirmed that the qLAMP a...
A Controlled Threshold Low Power Nano-Crystal Memory

Experimental results of a threshold-shifting nano-memory are presented. The structure consists of a silicon field-effect transistor with nano-crystals of germanium or silicon placed in the gate oxide in close proximity of the inversion surface. Electron charge is stored in these isolated 5-10 nm size nano-crystals which are separated from each other by ≫ 5 nm of SiO 2 , and from the inversion layer of the substrate surface by sub-5 nm of SiO 2 . Charge is injected from the inversion layer and its storage in the nano-crystal causes a shift in the threshold voltage which is sensed via current. The nano-crystals are formed using implantaton and annealing or using direct deposition of the distributed floating gate region. Threshold shift of approx. 0.25 V is obtained in Ge-implanted devices with 2 nm of SiO 2 injection layer by a 4 V write pulse of 200 ns duration. The nano-crystal memories achieve improved programming characteristics as a nonvolatile memory as well as simplicity of the single poly-Si-gate process. In the case of deposited nano-crystals the V T window is scarcely degraded after greater than 109 write/erase cycles. Nano-crystal memories are promising for nonvolatile memory applications.
Training and Re-training Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) Personnel

This study was carried out to find out if TVE Personnel are Re-trained for better service delivery in Delta-State. Two research questions and one hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The study adopted survey research design. The population comprises 145 TVE Personnel drawn from three Technical Institutions in Delta State.
The Future of the Cadillac Tax

The Affordable Care Act includes a 40 percent excise tax on high-cost employer-sponsored health care coverage. Often referred to as the “Cadillac tax,” this excise tax is one of the most controversial elements of the Affordable Care Act. Currently scheduled to go into effect in 2020, the Cadillac tax poses serious challenges and uncertainty for employers. On the one hand, recent estimates suggest that the Cadillac tax may hit as many as 20 percent of employers with health care plans in 2020. On the other hand, there is a serious question as to whether the tax will be repealed before its effective date; it is politically unpopular and faces bipartisan opposition. This Article assesses the Cadillac tax and its future. It begins by describing the Cadillac tax. It then discusses the justifications for the Cadillac tax and its likely impact on employer-sponsored health care plans. It then considers the criticisms of the tax and proposed alternatives. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of the likely future Cadillac tax.
Perspectives on Gene Regulatory Network Evolution

Animal development proceeds through the activity of genes and their cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) working together in sets of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). The emergence of species-specific traits and novel structures results from evolutionary changes in GRNs. Recent work in a wide variety of animal models, and particularly in insects, has started to reveal the modes and mechanisms of GRN evolution. I discuss here various aspects of GRN evolution and argue that developmental system drift (DSD), in which conserved phenotype is nevertheless a result of changed genetic interactions, should regularly be viewed from the perspective of GRN evolution. Advances in methods to discover related CRMs in diverse insect species, a critical requirement for detailed GRN characterization, are also described.
Innovative Technology Transfer Initiatives

The Physical Sciences Directorate (PSD) of the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Fort Monmouth, N J, has achieved significant success in the technology transfer/strategic alliance arena by blending technology transfer statutes, regulations, and practices into its corporate culture. The essay describes the process and procedure PSD utilized in achieving that success, along with the lessons learned in introducing new and innovative methodologies, techniques, and approaches in transferring federal laboratory technology to the private sector.
Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae) in Conjunction with Mulches for Control of Overwintering Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Mulches were compared to test their utility for enhancing efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied against over-wintering codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. Compared with bare...
Design and power management of a solar-powered “Cool Robot” for polar instrument networks: Research Articles

The Cool Robot is a four-wheel-drive, solar-powered, autonomous robot designed to support summertime science campaigns in Antarctica and Greenland over distances exceeding 500 km. This paper provides an overview of key features of the robot, including design for good mobility, high efficiency, and long-term deployment under solar power in harsh polar environments. The Cool Robot's solar panel box, comprising panels on four sides and a top panel, encounters insolation variations with a bandwidth of up to 1 Hz due to sastrugi. The paper details a unique photovoltaic control algorithm to accommodate these variations. We deployed the robot at Summit Camp, Greenland to validate its mobility and power budget and to assess the photovoltaic control system. The 61 kg robot drove continuously at 0.78 m/s on soft snow, its 160 W average power demand met by solar power alone under clear skies above 16° sun elevation. The power-control system reliably matched input with demand as insolation varied during testing. A simple GPS waypoint-following algorithm provides low-bandwidth path planning and course correction and demonstrated reliable autonomous navigation during testing over periods of 5–8 h. Field data validate the Cool Robot design models and indicate that it will exceed its design goal of carrying a 15 kg payload 500 km across Antarctica in 2 weeks. A brief description of instrument payloads and scientific studies aided by networks of such autonomous solar robots is provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gy-neology and Genealogy of a Female Filmmaker: The Case of Susanna Nicchiarelli’s Films

In this chapter Carlorosi offers a reading of Susanna Nicchiarelli’s films (Il terzo occhio 2003; Cosmonauta 2009; La scoperta dell’alba 2012), focusing on her representation of history that places female subjectivity at the center and revolves around maternal figures and mother-daughter interactions, which follows classic feminist thought. Within the narrative of the film, the mother-daughter genealogical conflict functions as a gy-nealogical opportunity for women to grow and gain strength, and it is an instrument through which the director proposes alternate readings of the historical discourse. Carlorosi’s analysis explains how this generational conflict and gy-neologic reconnection result is instrumental for individual growth, as well as for a historical re-consideration of Italian society at large.
Improvement Not Evaluation: Using RCTs to Build Usable Knowledge in Education

I had the pleasure of attending the opening address at the annual Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE) conference in the spring of 2016, when Larry Hedges presented an earlier v...
Accelerated Evolution in Distinctive Species Reveals Candidate Elements for Clinically Relevant Traits, Including Mutation and Cancer Resistance.

Summary The identity of most functional elements in the mammalian genome and the phenotypes they impact are unclear. Here, we perform a genome-wide comparative analysis of patterns of accelerated evolution in species with highly distinctive traits to discover candidate functional elements for clinically important phenotypes. We identify accelerated regions (ARs) in the elephant, hibernating bat, orca, dolphin, naked mole rat, and thirteen-lined ground squirrel lineages in mammalian conserved regions, uncovering ∼33,000 elements that bind hundreds of different regulatory proteins in humans and mice. ARs in the elephant, the largest land mammal, are uniquely enriched near elephant DNA damage response genes. The genomic hotspot for elephant ARs is the E3 ligase subunit of the Fanconi anemia complex, a master regulator of DNA repair. Additionally, ARs in the six species are associated with specific human clinical phenotypes that have apparent concordance with overt traits in each species.
Abstract 18651: Proteomic Discovery of Pulmonary Hypertension Biomarker Hepatoma Derived Growth Factor

Introduction: A non-cardiac blood based biomarker could enhance treatment monitoring and prognostication for pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of hepa...
Platelet Count and Neuraxial Anesthesia

Neuraxial techniques (e.g., spinals and epidurals) are commonly used for labor analgesia and cesarean deliveries; however, the minimum safe platelet count for their placement is not known. This information is of interest given that thrombocytopenia complicates as many as 10% of pregnancies. This case describes a commonly encountered scenario and illustrates some of the considerations involved in deciding optimal, safe care.
Coming Together Around Hashtags: Exploring the Formation of Digital Emergent Citizen Groups

It has been well established that during and after crisis or emergency events, groups of citizens come together to help one another, solve problems, and manage recovery or cleanup. These groups are called emergent citizen groups. They form organically and often disband when the emergency is managed. This study proposes that similar types of groups now form in digital spaces during and after crises. The authors studied conversation on Twitter that used the hashtag “#PrayforUSC” after the murder-suicide that took place at the University of South Carolina in 2015. Initial results indicate that hashtags can function as focal points or catalysts for digital emergent citizen groups. More research should be done to determine whether and how these groups form, function, and disperse.
The Parabolic Orbit

No definitely parabolic or hyperbolic binary orbits are known. Provisional parabolic elements are occasionally used to represent the periastron section of a high-eccentricity orbit of long and indeterminate period. As in long-period cometary orbits, the vertex sections of parabolae and of eccentric ellipses are hard to distinguish. The parabola has one orbital element less, and permits a mass computation just as the elliptical case does.
Episodic Memory: Effortful Phenomena

Memory for words in a free-recall list is an example of rehearsal-dependent memory. That is, memory performance is contingent on how proficiently to-be-remembered information is rehearsed. Such memory is ordinarily intentional, although, as we discovered in Chapter 6 (pp. 333–336), incidental memory may be as proficient as intentional memory when an orienting task forces the use of the same kinds of encoding processes engaged in during intentional memory. Rehearsal-dependent memory requires cognitive effort, and it is therefore often called “effortful” memory. Being effortful, it calls upon the organism’s limited cognitive resources and is therefore likely to be affected adversely by whatever decrement occurs in those resources with aging. A number of encoding and retrieval phenomena will be examined in this chapter. Many of them involve the kinds of list-memory tasks described in Chapter 6. However, others involve memory for discourse, such as the content of sentences, paragraphs, and longer passages.