cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Snitching Norms and Community Loyalty

In recent years a troubling trend has emerged within a number of poor, black communities. Termed “Stop Snitching,” it has manifested itself in the form community members’ refusing to cooperate with police investigations of community crimes. The result of this widespread refusal to cooperate has been a reduced number of crimes solved within these communities; without cooperating witnesses, it has proven exceedingly difficult for police to make criminal cases. Reactions to Stop Snitching have taken two predominant forms, both of which are mistaken. The first, most often attributed to law enforcement officers, is contempt. To them, community members who do not assist in criminal investigations are violating the ethical obligation all citizens have to aid in the arrest and prosecution of criminal actors. The second reaction to Stop Snitching, most often coming from citizens largely isolated from poor, black communities, is confusion. Assuming the police to be allies of the citizenry, they wonder why anyone would even entertain the notion of refusing to help the police solve community crimes. This Article suggests a different understanding of Stop Snitching, arguing that poor, black community members’ refusal to cooperate with police investigations should be viewed as neither ethically condemnable nor inexplicable, but rather as a natural extension of the innate human aspiration to be loyal. It does so by situating Stop Snitching within the existing literature on loyalty and asserting that the refusal to cooperate with police represents a privileging of community loyalty over loyalty to the state. Throughout the various strata of contemporary society, such privileging of the familiar over the remote is common, and Stop Snitching is neither puzzling nor reprehensible when viewed as a manifestation of this manner of prioritization. Once Stop Snitching is understood as a reflection of the weak loyalty bonds that exist between police officers and the poor, black communities they serve, it becomes clear that it can only be curtailed and ultimately eliminated through police efforts aimed at strengthening these bonds. This Article closes with a discussion of the steps police should take in order to succeed in this regard.
Abstract WP411: Missed Opportunities for Transcranial Doppler Screening Among Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Background: With high healthcare utilization among children with sickle cell disease (SCD) but low rates of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening, missed opportunities for TCD screening may be numer...
Depletion Effect on Polymers Induced by Small Depleting Spheres

Depletion effects on the structure and interactions between polymers induced by the presence of small depleting spheres are investigated by computer simulations. As the separation between two polymers decreases, the polymers repel each other due to the loss of conformational entropy. When the polymers are immersed in a medium crowded with small depleting spheres, however, depletion attractions between the polymer segments are induced. The resulting repulsive interaction is significantly reduced when the polymer segments approach one another closer than the size of the depleting spheres. The distance-dependent potential of mean force shows a highly nonmonotonic behavior reflecting the packing of the small depleting spheres around the polymer segments. We show that the depletion potential, that is, the component of the interactions arising from the presence of the small depleting spheres, between flexible polymers is qualitatively similar to that between two large spheres. However, there are small numerical differences that arise from the connectivity of the polymer chains. We also show that Brownian dynamics simulations of a single polymer chain with depletion potential can predict polymer statistical properties in good agreement with those from molecular dynamics simulations in which depleting spheres are explicitly accounted for. Therefore, we suggest the use of the depletion potentials for computational study of crowding effects on large biopolymers such as chromatin fibers.
Integrated silicon optomechanical cavity-waveguide devices for coherent photonic-microwave signal processing

In an integrated silicon optomechanical cavity-waveguide system, we demonstrated on-chip coherent photonic-microwave signal processing which shows clear advantages over purely photonic methods. Specifically, we obtain an optical delay of 13.3 µs for a phonon waveguide length of 43 µm. In addition, we demonstrated microwave filter with reconfigurable pass/rejection bands in the gigahertz frequency range due to a novel radiation-pressure force induced boundary condition change.
Parameterization and Validation of a Distributed Coupled Electro-Thermal Model for Prismatic Cells

The temperature distribution in a prismatic Li-ion battery cell can be described using a spatially distributed equivalent circuit electrical model coupled to a 3D thermal model. The model represents a middle ground between simple one or two state models (generally used for cylindrical cells) and complex finite element models. A lumped parameter approach for the thermal properties of the lithium-ion jelly roll is used. The battery is divided into (m × n) nodes in 2-dimensions, and each node is represented by an equivalent circuit and 3 temperatures in the through plane direction to capture the electrical and thermal dynamics respectively. The thermal model is coupled to the electrical through heat generation. The parameters of the equivalent circuit electrical model are temperature and state of charge dependent. Parameterization of the distributed resistances in the equivalent circuit model is demonstrated using lumped parameter measurements, and are a function of local temperature. The model is parameterized and validated with data collected from a 3-cell fixture which replicates pack cooling conditions. Pulsing current experiments are used for validation over a wide range of operating conditions (ambient temperature, state of charge, current amplitude and pulse width). The model is shown to match experimental results with good accuracy.© 2014 ASME
Phylogeography of Rickettsia rickettsii Genotypes Associated with Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tick-borne zoonosis caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is among the deadliest of all infectious diseases. To identify the distribution of various genotypes of R. rickettsii associated with fatal RMSF, we applied molecular typing methods to samples of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from 103 case-patients from seven countries who died of RMSF. Complete sequences of one or more intergenic regions were amplified from tissues of 30 (29%) case-patients and revealed a distribution of genotypes consisting of four distinct clades, including the Hlp clade, regarded previously as a non-pathogenic strain of R. rickettsii. Distinct phylogeographic patterns were identified when composite case-patient and reference strain data were mapped to the state and country of origin. The phylogeography of R. rickettsii is likely determined by ecological and environmental factors that exist independently of the distribution of a particular tick vector.
Bladder Disruption in the Premature Male Neonate

Abstract Bladder injury in children is an unusual event that usually is associated with trauma or a surgical mishap. We describe 2 premature male neonates who were treated by minimal stimulation therapy and systemic paralyzation. Despite normal urological anatomy, each patient had a bladder rupture that we attributed to atony of the bladder coupled with the Crede maneuver, which produced high intravesical pressures.
Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion in Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis) Following Melatonin or Altschule’s Pineal Extract

Large doses (30MG) of melatonin given weekly to crab-eating monkeys throughout five menstrual cycles did not change the pattern of estrogen and progesterone secretion during the period of injection or in the two succeeding cycles. Altschule's pineal extract, unlike melatonin, had no effect on estrogen or progesterone secretion during the period of injection or in the two succeeding cycles, when it was given daily between days 7 and 17 of the menstrual cycle.
Antimalware software: Do we measure resilience?

There is great interest in the topic of resilient cyber systems, especially with respect to attacks by malicious software. The challenges of measuring the actual resilience of a system and the ambiguity of the term “resilience” itself cloud much of the accompanying research. In this paper, we examine some of the lessons learned in defining resilience metrics. We argue that such metrics are highly contextual and that a general, quantitative set of metrics for resilience of cyber systems is impractical. Instead, a set of considerations and guidelines for building metrics that are helpful for a particular system are provided. We then consider these metrics in the light of current anti-malware software tests and argue that testing efforts have been primarily directed toward robust systems, not resilient ones. As such, current anti-malware tests tend to push the market toward existing solutions geared toward prevention rather than mitigation and survivability.
The Plastoglobule-Localized Metallopeptidase PGM48 Is a Positive Regulator of Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plastoglobuli (PG) are thylakoid-associated monolayer lipid particles with a specific proteome of ∼30 PG core proteins and isoprenoid and neutral lipids. During senescence, PGs increase in size, reflecting their role in dismantling thylakoid membranes. Here, we show that the only PG-localized peptidase PGM48 positively regulates leaf senescence. We discovered that PGM48 is a member of the M48 peptidase family with PGM48 homologs, forming a clade (M48D) only found in photosynthetic organisms. Unlike the M48A, B, and C clades, members of M48D have no transmembrane domains, consistent with their unique subcellular location in the PG. In vitro assays showed Zn-dependent proteolytic activity and substrate cleavage upstream of hydrophobic residues. Overexpression of PGM48 accelerated natural leaf senescence, whereas suppression delayed senescence. Quantitative proteomics of PG from senescing rosettes of PGM48 overexpression lines showed a dramatically reduced level of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE ENZYME4 (CCD4) and significantly increased levels of the senescence-induced ABC1 KINASE7 (ABC1K7) and PHYTYL ESTER SYNTHASE1 (PES1). Yeast two-hybrid experiments identified PG core proteins ABC1K3, PES1, and CCD4 as PGM48 interactors, whereas several other PG-localized proteins and chlorophyll degradation enzymes did not interact. We discuss mechanisms through which PGM48 could possibly accelerate the senescence process.
Examining style in Virgin Branch corrugated ceramics

In this article, we examine variation in the corrugation styles of ceramics from the Virgin Branch Puebloan culture. These ceramics were recovered from two regions: the Moapa Valley of southern Nevada and the Mt. Dellenbaugh area of northwestern Arizona. Three wares—Shivwits, Moapa, and Tusayan—are examined, each of which was produced in different locations. Similarities and differences in corrugation styles between these wares are used to investigate ceramic learning frameworks and the nature of the pottery production and distribution system.
[18F](2S,4R)4-Fluoroglutamine PET Detects Glutamine Pool Size Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Response to Glutaminase Inhibition

Glutaminolysis is a metabolic pathway adapted by many aggressive cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), to utilize glutamine for survival and growth. In this study, we examined the utility of [18F](2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([18F]4F-Gln) PET to measure tumor cellular glutamine pool size, whose change might reveal the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of drugs targeting this cancer-specific metabolic pathway. High glutaminase (GLS) activity in TNBC tumors resulted in low cellular glutamine pool size assayed via high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). GLS inhibition significantly increased glutamine pool size in TNBC tumors. MCF-7 tumors, with inherently low GLS activity compared with TNBC, displayed a larger baseline glutamine pool size that did not change as much in response to GLS inhibition. The tumor-to-blood-activity ratios (T/B) obtained from [18F]4F-Gln PET images matched the distinct glutamine pool sizes of both tumor models at baseline. After a short course of GLS inhibitor treatment, the T/B values increased significantly in TNBC, but did not change in MCF-7 tumors. Across both tumor types and after GLS inhibitor or vehicle treatment, we observed a strong positive correlation between T/B values and tumor glutamine pool size measured using MRS (r2 = 0.71). In conclusion, [18F]4F-Gln PET tracked cellular glutamine pool size in breast cancers with differential GLS activity and detected increases in cellular glutamine pool size induced by GLS inhibitors. This study accomplished the first necessary step toward validating [18F]4F-Gln PET as a PD marker for GLS-targeting drugs. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1476-84. ©2017 AACR.
Effects of Active Sitting Chairs on Short-Duration Computer Task Performance, Postural Risks, Perceived Pain, Comfort and Fatigue:

This study evaluated the effects of active and static sitting chairs on short-duration computer task performance, postural risks and perceived pain, comfort and fatigue. A repeated-measures, within...
The Effects of the Workplace on Jail Staff: The Issue of Perceptions of Pay Fairness

ABSTRACTDrawing from person–environment fit theory, the current study adds to recent empirical inquires that have considered how workplace factors affect jail staff. In doing so, the focus is on how perceptions of pay fairness effect the job stress, job involvement, and organizational commitment of jail personnel. Utilizing survey data from a large county correctional system in Orlando, Florida, the results of multivariate analyses reveal that staff that hold more favorable perceptions of pay fairness are more involved in their jobs and more committed to the overall organization. The implications of these findings for correctional research and practice are considered.
Facilitation or Hindrance: Physicians' Perception on Best Practice Alerts (BPA) Usage in an Electronic Health Record System.

A qualitative study was conducted to examine physicians’ perception on best practice alerts (BPAs) usage under the theoretical framework of technology acceptance model (TAM). In particular, 20 face...
Pulmonary Management of the Patient with Cerebral Palsy

Pulmonary problems are a major source of morbidity and mortality, especially among patients with severe cerebral palsy. The respiratory problem can exist at multiple levels, including the respiratory centers of the brain, airways, lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and chest wall. Careful assessment and therapies targeted to each are needed to optimize care. Immunization against respiratory diseases is of paramount importance. Invasive management, such as orthopedic procedures, or the institution of mechanical ventilation must be carefully considered in the context of the patient’s medical condition, family’s value system, and capabilities of the home and local medical system.
Small RNA-mediated genomic silencing promotes telomere stability in the absence of telomerase

Telomerase deficiency in human somatic cells results in telomere erosion and senescence. Small RNAs that target telomeres have been observed in diverse organisms but their functions are not well characterized. We define an endogenous small RNA pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans that promotes heterochromatin formation at telomeres via Dicer, the perinuclear Argonaute protein WAGO-1 and the nuclear Argonaute protein HRDE-1. Loss of telomerase induces biogenesis of siRNAs that target the telomeric lncRNA TERRA, whereas loss of both telomerase and small RNA-mediated telomeric silencing induces TERRA expression, DNA damage, and an accelerated sterility phenotype. These phenotypes can be rescued by exogenous telomeric siRNAs or by loss of the DNA damage response protein EXO-1. Thus, endogenous siRNAs interact with TERRA to promote heterochromatin formation in a manner that is critical for the stability of naturally eroding telomeres. We propose that small RNA-mediated genome silencing could be broadly relevant to regulation of proliferative aging.
Lipid-Linked Intermediates in Crustacean Chitin Synthesis

In the arthropods, chitin is associated with protein 1,2. Although a structural role for the protein seems clear, a biosynthetic function is also possible, eg the protein may serve in the initial formation of a primer molecule. Regarding the origin of chitin synthesis primers, Cabib and co-workers found that partially purified chitin synthetase from Saccharomyces does not require an exogenous primer for chitin synthesis to occur.3 Similar results have been reported by Cohen4 who studied the in vitro synthesis of insect chitin. In both studies, the chitin synthetase preparation appears to contain an endogenous primer. Previous studies in my laboratory have shown that crustacean chitin synthetase will utilize both oligosaccharides of chitin and macromole- cular chitin as substrates.5 The crustacean enzyme is similar to its fungal counterpart in several respects, e.g., antibiotic sensitivity, but is clearly different in lacking protease activation properties and not being stimulated by GlcNAc.
Immunological and clinical effects of transfer factor in anergic subjects.

In 1955, Lawrence reported that it was possible to transfer delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to normal, skin-test negative human subjects with disrupted leukocytes from skin-test reactive donors (1). The transfer was specific and of long duration. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the “transfer factor” was dialyzable and was not destroyed by trypsin, ribonuclease or deoxyribonuclease (2). Its composition and mechanism of action have not been established. Recently, transfer factor has been evaluated in treatment of patients with impaired delayed hypersensitivity and chronic infectious or neoplastic diseases. Among the disorders studied have been chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, leprosy, malignant melanoma and immune deficiency syndromes (2–9). The therapeutic responses have been variable, an observation that should not be surprising, considering the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and immunological abnormalities in such patients.
Economically Cooperating Units in an Urban Black Community

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses economically cooperating units in an urban black community. The influence of external forces such as unemployment, poor housing, and the welfare system—forces over which the poor have little control—tend to create continual fission and fusion of households within the black community. This pattern of household fission and fusion has typically been characterized as chaotic and disorganized. Sharing patterns provide the security necessary for a family to withstand fluctuations in income due to chronic underemployment and the lack of means to acquire equity. These networks also serve as a means of regulating the distribution of goods and services within the community to ensure that no individual is significantly worse off than anyone else. Contrary to appearances, they are an expression of considerable economic forethought on the part of the members. It is contention that these networks form a differentiated subsystem within the overall economy. This subsystem mediates the effects of the fluctuating inputs and outputs imposed by the surrounding social and economic system. In addition, it serves to regulate the distribution of goods and services.
The Taliban Take Kabul and a New Friend Moves to Kandahar

The Taliban took Kabul on 17 September 1996 and had a legitimate claim to be the government of Afghanistan. The Taliban wanted a good relationship with the United States for many reasons including fear of Iran and Russia. The US and the Taliban met regularly in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the US. On 8 November 1996, the Taliban formally requested diplomatic recognition from the United States. Washington had four major concerns regarding Afghanistan: stability and ending the Taliban/Northern Alliance conflict; drug trafficking; women’s rights; and the presence of Osama bin Laden and his Al Qaeda terrorist network. This chapter looks at the discussions and high-level meetings between the United States and the Taliban from the fall of Kabul until the 7 August 1998 Al Qaeda attacks in Kenya and Tanzania—a time period during which concern about both women’s rights and terrorism grew dramatically.
Multivariate Community Analysis

The main goal of microbiome community studies is to compare the composition of different communities (beta diversity). In Chap. 6, we introduced beta diversities and illustrated how to calculate beta diversity indices. After we obtain beta diversity indices, we can conduct statistical analysis on them. The beta diversity analyses in studies of microbiome fall into two categories: exploratory techniques and statistical tests of significance. We illustrated clustering and ordination in Chap. 7.
Factors Affecting Racial Disparities in End-of-Life Care Costs Among Lung Cancer Patients: A SEER-Medicare-based Study.

Objectives:Racial disparities exist in end-of-life lung cancer care, which could potentially lead to considerable racial differences in end-of-life care costs. This study for the first time estimates the racial differences in end-of-life care costs among lung cancer patients, and identifies and quan
Price Uncertainty and Debt Covenants: Evidence from U.S. Oil Producers

I use a forward-looking and exogenous measure of price uncertainty to examine the causative effect of uncertainty on the choice and use of financial covenants in private and public debt contracts, as well as the role that risk management and financial frictions play in that relationship. In private loans, high uncertainty leads to more and tighter financial covenants linked to performance. Risk management attenuates the effect of uncertainty on the inclusion of financial covenants while firms characteristics especially related to default risk intensify the effect. In bond contracts, uncertainty decreases the use of financial covenants for firms that have financial covenants in an existing private loan at the time the bond is issued. These results are consistent with the theory that financial covenants help lenders economize on monitoring costs and suggest that bondholders economize on monitoring costs by free-riding on the monitoring efforts of private lenders.
Integrating self-compassion across the counselor education curriculum.

ABSTRACTCounseling students often struggle with stress, anxiety, self-doubt, and self-criticism. Although counselor education programs encourage self-care, few are able to dedicate a course to tend...
Assessing the Readability of Clostridium difficile on the Internet: A Cross-Sectional Study

AbstractClostridium difficile (C. diff) is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and kills an estimated 29,000 people per year (over one-half of which is directly attributable to C. diff). The objective...
The role of advanced neuroimaging techniques in ischemic stroke prevention

In great part due to recent advances in medical technology, ischemic cerebral stroke has become an increasingly treatable condition, which requires urgent measures and which rely on pharmacological...
Deep convolutional neural networks with ensemble learning and transfer learning for capacity estimation of lithium-ion batteries

Abstract It is often difficult for a machine learning model trained based on a small size of charge/discharge cycling data to produce satisfactory accuracy in the capacity estimation of lithium-ion (Li-ion) rechargeable batteries. However, in real-world applications, collecting long-term cycling data is a costly and time-consuming process. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a deep learning-based capacity estimation method that incorporates the concepts of transfer learning and ensemble learning. We target the applications where only a relatively small set of training data is available. Transfer learning is a knowledge learning method that leverages the knowledge learned from a source task to improve learning in a related but different target task. Ensemble learning can reduce the risk of choosing a learning algorithm with poor performance by combining prediction results from multiple learning algorithms. In this study, 10-year daily cycling data from eight implantable Li-ion cells is first used as the source dataset to pre-train eight deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) models. The learned parameters of the pre-trained DCNN models are then transferred from the source task to the target task, resulting in eight DCNN with transfer learning (DCNN-TL) models, respectively. These DCNN-TL models are then integrated to build an ensemble model called the DCNN with ensemble learning and transfer learning (DCNN-ETL). The effectiveness of the DCNN-ETL model is verified using a target dataset consisting of 20 commercial 18650 Li-ion cells, and the performance of the model on the target dataset is compared with that of five other data-driven methods including random forest regression, Gaussian process regression, DCNN, DCNN-TL, and DCNN-EL. The verification and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed DCNN-ETL method can produce a higher accuracy and robustness than these other data-driven methods in estimating the capacities of the Li-ion cells in the target task.
Spatial Sampling Grain Shapes Conclusions about Community Structure and Dynamics

Long-term monitoring is an integral part of land management and biodiversity conservation. Sampling grain, a key component of monitoring design, can impact conclusions about spatial patterns in composition, but less is known about how sampling grain influences our ability to detect temporal compositional dynamics.To evaluate how sampling grain affects conclusions about temporal dynamics, we analyzed vegetation data from permanently marked transects in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Each transect was monitored for 9 y at three sampling grains: point-intercept, 15 × 15 cm sampling frame, and 60 × 60 cm sampling frame. We investigated grain-dependent patterns in diversity, functional group representation, and multivariate compositional change.Inferred community dynamics were strongly affected by sampling grain. Large grains had the greatest richness and detection frequencies for nearly all species. Almost all additional species detected at larger grains were forbs, the life form that comprises most of the species richness in this system. Mean compositional change was lower and temporal compositional change was more pronounced when based on data acquired at larger sampling grains. Small sampling grains result in undersampling, which biases measurements of community dynamics. These grains can provide reasonable estimates for coarse metrics such as the abundance of dominant species, but often fail to capture changes in nondominant species. We recommend that natural resource managers sample multiple grains based on the scales of the processes they are interested in monitoring.
Antibacterial effects of low-temperature plasma generated by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet are mediated by reactive oxygen species

Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance calls for development of non-chemical treatment options for bacterial infections. Plasma medicine applies low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics to address biomedical problems such as wound healing and tumor suppression. LTP has also been used for surface disinfection. However, there is still much to be learned regarding the effectiveness of LTP on bacteria in suspension in liquids, and especially on porous surfaces. We investigated the efficacy of LTP treatments against bacteria using an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and show that LTP treatments have the ability to inhibit both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria on solid and porous surfaces. Additionally, both direct LTP treatment and plasma-activated media were effective against the bacteria suspended in liquid culture. Our data indicate that reactive oxygen species are the key mediators of the bactericidal effects of LTP and hydrogen peroxide is necessary but not sufficient for antibacterial effects. In addition, our data suggests that bacteria exposed to LTP do not develop resistance to further treatment with LTP. These findings suggest that this novel atmospheric-pressure plasma jet could be used as a potential alternative to antibiotic treatments in vivo.
Mixed lineage kinase 3 inhibition induces T cell activation and cytotoxicity

Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3), also known as MAP3K11, was initially identified in a megakaryocytic cell line and is an emerging therapeutic target in cancer, yet its role in immune cells is not known. Here, we report that loss or pharmacological inhibition of MLK3 promotes activation and cytotoxicity of T cells. MLK3 is abundantly expressed in T cells, and its loss alters serum chemokines, cytokines, and CD28 protein expression on T cells and its subsets. MLK3 loss or pharmacological inhibition induces activation of T cells in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions, irrespective of T cell activating agents. Conversely, overexpression of MLK3 decreases T cell activation. Mechanistically, loss or inhibition of MLK3 down-regulates expression of a prolyl-isomerase, Ppia, which is directly phosphorylated by MLK3 to increase its isomerase activity. Moreover, MLK3 also phosphorylates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and regulates its nuclear translocation via interaction with Ppia, and this regulates T cell effector function. In an immune-competent mouse model of breast cancer, MLK3 inhibitor increases Granzyme B-positive CD8+ T cells and decreases MLK3 and Ppia gene expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells. Likewise, the MLK3 inhibitor in pan T cells, isolated from breast cancer patients, also increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results collectively demonstrate that MLK3 plays an important role in T cell biology, and targeting MLK3 could serve as a potential therapeutic intervention via increasing T cell cytotoxicity in cancer.
Miasmas and Other False Beliefs: The Road to Sickness and Death

In this article the author talks about current Coronavirus pandemic and 5G technology and their impact on health industry Topics discussed include epidemics and plagues have recurred over the millennia, the idea that these afflictions could be caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses;and how people interpret observations of nature in the context of our pre-existing theories of how the world works
ON SPLITTING MODEL AND RELATED CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SOME STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Consider a decomposition of a non-negative r.v. X into (p+l) components, \( \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X} \equiv ({X_1},{X_2}, \cdots ,{X_{p + 1}})\), such that X = X1 + X2+ … +Xp+1. Further, let the decomposition (splitting) process have a probability representation given by the conditional distribution of \( (\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X}_1|X) \) where\( {\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X}_1} \equiv ({X_1},{X_2}, \cdots ,{X_p})\). Then the r.v.’s X, \( \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X} \) and \( (\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X}_1|X)\) are collectively referred as the splitting model. The distribution of \( (\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X}_1|X)\) is called the splitting distribution. For such a model, assuming a suitable distribution of \( (\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X}_1|X)\), characterizations of the distribution of X can be obtained using the distributional properties of the components of \( \underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\thicksim}$}}{X} \). In this note, we show that the existence of a single uncorrelated pair of r.v.’s (Xi,Xj) suffices to characterize the Poisson, binomial and negative binomial distributions among members of the power series family. A similar characterizations of the gamma distribution among members of the linear exponential family is obtained.
Antibody-Mediated Immune Subset Depletion Modulates the Immune Response in a Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) Model of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus which infects over 90% of the adult human population. Most notably, this virus causes infectious mononucleosis but it is also associated with cancers such as Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma. EBV is a species-specific virus and has been studied in many animal models, including nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, humanized mice, and tree shrews. However, none of these animal models are considered the "gold standard" for EBV research. Recently, rabbits have emerged as a viable alternative model, as they are susceptible to EBV infection. In addition, the EBV infection progresses after immune suppression with cyclosporine A (CsA), modeling the reactivation of EBV after latency. We sought to refine this model for acute or active EBV infections by performing antibody-mediated depletion of certain immune subsets in rabbits. Fourteen 16 to 20-wk old, NZW rabbits were intravenously inoculated with EBV and concurrently treated with either anti-CD4 T-cell antibody, anti-pan-T-cell antibody (anti CD45), CSA, or, as a control, anti-HPV antibody. Rabbits that received the depleting antibodies were treated with CsA 3 times at a dose of 15 mg/kg SC once per day for 4 d starting at the time of EBV inoculation then the dose was increased to 20 mg/kg SC twice weekly for 2 wk. Weights, temperatures, and clinical signs were monitored, and rabbits were anesthetized once weekly for blood collection. When compared with the control group, anti-CD4-treated rabbits had fewer clinical signs and displayed higher levels of viral DNA via qPCR in splenocytes; however, flow cytometry results showed only a partial depletion of CD4 T-cells. Treatment with anti-pan-T-cell antibody did not result in noticeable T-cell depletion. These data suggest the EBV-infected rabbit is a promising model for testing antiviral medications and prophylactic vaccines for EBV.
Challenges of left atrial appendage closure device and anticoagulation in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have high risk of bleeding secondary to haematologic disorders, left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion therapy has been shown to be an excellent alternative to long-term use of oral anticoagulation for thromboembolic stroke prevention. However, there remains a major concern of device-associated thrombosis post-procedure, that can lead to life-threatening embolic events. To this date, there is no systematic guideline for the selection and management of patients with haematological disorders with LAA occlusion therapy, especially in those with platelet disorders such as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Patients with platelet disorders are at a higher risk for bleeding; however, that does not prevent such patients from thromboembolic events secondary to AF. We present a case of ITP with permanent AF, where an LAA device was complicated by thrombus formation due to challenges faced with anticoagulation therapy.
Age-Dependent Mobility Decline Analysis Through Sequential Foot Motion Reproduction

Most elderly people are experiencing mobility declines due to aging, which often causes falls and injuries. The timed-up and go is a widely used clinical test for mobility evaluation and analysis that consists of sequential motions of gait and U-turn, in addition to standup and sit from a chair. Compared to such a clinical evaluation tool, smart insoles, when integrating with sensors and data processing techniques, as an inexpensive daily assessment alternative, can help the elderly monitor their mobility at home. In this letter, we use accelerometer-based monitoring insoles (MONI) developed in our lab to collect and process sequential foot motion, i.e., gait and U-turn, which is a simple setup without the need for a chair. By integrating with the label model framework (LMF), MONI can monitor and detect age-dependent mobility changes of elderlies with high accuracy (96.13% for 22 subjects). The results are generated by collecting sequential motion data from six elderly people and 16 young adults using MONI during a round trip 10-ft walking with one U-turn. The LMF with weak supervision can robustly reproduce the sequential motions and then extract 21 temporal motion features from the reproduction results. By ranking these features, we can identify their relevance in representing age-dependent mobility decline and the importance of sequential effects for mobility analysis. Errors associated with sequential motion reproduction are analyzed, and the applicability of our proposed method is proven.
Innovative practices session 2C: New technologies, new challenges - 2

As the economics of traditional devices scaling changes, alternative solutions to increase transistor counts in semiconductor packages are being explored, including various multi-die integration techniques. These solutions include 3D die stacking, 2.5D with dies sitting side-by-side on substrate, Package-on-Package (PoP), System in Package (SiP), etc. In particular, 2.5D and 3D device integration may create new challenges and old challenges seen in multi-chip module (MCM) manufacturing also re-appear to affect new users.
Uncovering the Persuasive Effects of Democratic Criticism

In this article, we elaborate on the theoretical link between pronouncements on the quality of democracy and respondents' belief updating. We argue that sources of information that are relatively unbiased and offer information inconsistent with a respondent's prior beliefs will result in updating. Somewhat ironically, this means that government supporters are most likely to update their beliefs following criticism of democracy. We also argue that outside messages would typically be more convincing in democratizing settings, given respondents' partisan distrust of domestic messages. We offer evidence from a survey-experiment we deployed in the aftermath of the 2011 elections in Turkey. Our argument has implications for the capacity of international actors to help voters in the world's scores of democratizing countries deal with a pervasive yet hitherto little understood problem, namely, the lack of trusted interpretation on whether the actions of their elected governments are good of bad for democracy.
Moving Beyond Zeal in the Rulemaking Process: A Reply to Professor Monroe Freedman

Professor Freedman has written a Response to my recent article on ethics issues associated with the inadvertent disclosure of privilege documents. In that Response, http://ssrn.com/abstract=923587, Professor Freedman reviews the many reasons that lawyers should pursue a client's cause with zeal, and he explains how those reasons apply to the difficult problem of misdirected privileged documents. He concludes that, unless clients specify otherwise after getting advice from counsel, lawyers should always take advantage of an opponent's inadvertent disclosures. In this Reply, I contend that Professor Freedman's proposed rule places too much emphasis on zealous advocacy. The problem is that Professor Freedman assumes that if lawyers should act zealously in the event of ambiguous ethics rules, we should also want rulemakers to focus heavily on zeal when crafting the rule regarding misdirected documents. In fact, even if we assume that lawyers should resolve any ambiguities in the rules in favor of zeal, we should still want rulemakers to examine a broader range of public policy considerations when crafting the rules themselves. Because Professor Freedman does not discuss this distinction, he does not fully acknowledge several values other than zealous advocacy that we should consider when developing a rule on misdirected documents. Those other values suggest that the rule should require lawyers to return inadvertent disclosures, but only when senders discover their mistakes before recipients have reviewed the relevant documents.
Cloned catecholamine transporters expressed in polarized epithelial cells: sorting, drug sensitivity, and ion-coupling stoichiometry.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a project in which researchers generated nine cell lines. In the pig kidney cell line (LLC-PK 1 ), rGAT-1, hNET, rSERT, and rDAT were transfected. In Modin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, transfecting those same cDNAs and also hDAT was possible. The transport characteristics and inhibitor sensitivities for the cell lines were consistent with what was known for each transporter in vivo and in other heterologous expression systems. The advantage of stably transfecting the three biogenic amine transporters into the same cellular background was that it allowed us to compare in detail the catalytic and pharmacological properties of these proteins. A detailed understanding of biogenic amine transport mechanism requires knowing how many Na + and Cl - ions are cotransported, and K + ions counter-transported, with each molecule of substrate. This ion coupling stoichiometry is difficult to determine using rate measurements in intact cells. Stably transfected LLC-PK1 cells also were useful for characterizing the amphetamine specificity of SERT, NET, and DAT. In these cell lines, amphetamine and its derivatives inhibited biogenic amine influx and caused efflux of previously accumulated amine. These effects are likely to underlie amphetamine-induced biogenic amine release in vivo .
Real-time Finite Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) for large earthquakes

To provide rapid estimates of fault rupture extent during large earthquakes, we have developed the Finite Fault Rupture Detector algorithm, ‘FinDer’. FinDer uses image recognition techniques to detect automatically surface-projected fault ruptures in real-time (assuming a line source) by estimating their current centroid position, length L, and strike θ. The approach is based on a rapid high-frequency near/far-source classification of ground motion amplitudes in a dense seismic network (station spacing <50 km), and comparison with a set of pre-calculated templates using ‘Matching by Correlation’. To increase computational efficiency, we perform the correlation in the wavenumber domain. FinDer keeps track of the current dimensions of a rupture in progress. Errors in L are typically on the same order as station spacing in the network. The continuously updated estimates of source geometries as provided by FinDer make predicted shaking intensities more accurate and thus more useful for earthquake early warning, ShakeMaps, and related products. The applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated for several recorded and simulated earthquakes with different focal mechanisms, including the 2009 M_w 6.3 L’Aquila (Italy), the 1999 M_w 7.6 ChiChi (Taiwan) and the M_w 7.8 ShakeOut scenario earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault (California).
Parent-child shared time from middle childhood to late adolescence: developmental course and adjustment correlates.

The development and adjustment correlates of parent–child social (parent, child, and others present) and dyadic time (only parent and child present) from age 8 to 18 were examined. Mothers, fathers, and firstborns and secondborns from 188 White families participated in both home and nightly phone interviews. Social time declined across adolescence, but dyadic time with mothers and fathers peaked in early and middle adolescence, respectively. In addition, secondborns’ social time declined more slowly than firstborns’, and gendered time use patterns were more pronounced in boys and in opposite-sex sibling dyads. Finally, youths who spent more dyadic time with their fathers, on average, had higher general self-worth, and changes in social time with fathers were positively linked to changes in social competence.
Ultrasound Examination of Invasive Procedure Puncture Site Comnplications: A Review of Scan Techniques and Benefits of Color Doppler Imaging

Ultrasound is an accurate, noninvasive means of evaluating patients for puncture site compli cations after invasive procedures. The range of potential complications includes hematomas, ecchymosis, ...
State representations for m-D systems with generalized causality structures

This paper considers the definitions of recursive and statelike representations form-D systems modeled as operators on a partially ordered Hilbert resolution space.
State-specific asymmetries in EEG slow wave activity induced by local application of TNFα

Sleep is posited to be a fundamental property of groups of highly interconnected neurons and regulated in part by activity-dependent sleep regulatory substances such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). We show that the unilateral local application of TNFalpha onto the somatosensory cortex of rats induced state- and frequency-dependent EEG asymmetries. In contrast, the unilateral injection of a TNFalpha inhibitor, a TNFalpha soluble receptor, attenuated sleep deprivation-enhanced EEG slow wave power ipsilaterally during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) but not during REMS or waking. Results are consistent with the notion that sleep begins with state changes occurring within small groups of highly interconnected neurons and is driven in part by the local production of sleep regulating substances.
Scalar propagator in the pp-wave geometry obtained from AdS5×S5

Abstract We compute the propagator for massless and massive scalar fields in the metric of the pp-wave. The retarded propagator for the massless field is found to stay confined to the surface formed by null geodesics. The algebraic form of the massive propagator is found to be related in a simple way to the form of the propagator in flat spacetime.
Pseudo interpenetrating polymer networks and interpenetrating polymer networks of zeolite 13 X and polystyrene and poly(ethyl acrylate)

Free-radical polymerization of liquid styrene and ethyl acrylate with or without ethylene dimethacrylate crosslinker in the presence of zeolite 13 X produces interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) or pseudo IPN's in which polymer chains have grown and filled internal pores of the zeolite. A variety of methods of characterization including, solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provide supporting evidence for this. The polymer chains within the internal pores do not exhibit a bulk glass transition. This is part of a larger study of the glass transition of polymers confined to cavities or pores of various sizes.