cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sampling strategies for fertility on a Stoy silt loam soil

Abstract Spatial variability of Bray P‐1 extractable P, exchangeable K, soil pH, organic matter content, bulk density, and penetrometer resistance was studied using geostatistical concepts in a Stoy silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic, Aquic Hapludalfs). Directional semivariograms of all surface soil (0–20 cm) properties revealed strong spatial dependence aligned in the direction of farming operation, except bulk density. Long‐term cropping and soil management practices oriented towards the direction of farming operation tended to change the spatial structure of soil properties drastically and an unique pattern of spatial dependence was produced in that direction. The results suggest that sampling locations for surface soil properties affected by farming operations be carefully selected. More soil samples should be collected in the direction perpendicular to the direction of farming operations in order to obtain a more reliable representation of the area sampled. Bulk density (0–20 cm) was found to b...
Macronutrient uptake, translocation, and tissue concentration of soybeans infested with the soybean cyst nematode and elemental composition of cysts isolated from roots 1

Abstract The soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major pest of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill) in the central and southern United States. Soybean cyst nematode causes stunted top growth, root pruning and symptoms of mineral element deficiency in soybeans. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of two selections of SCN (I selected on PI209332 and IV selected on PI 89772) on macronutrient uptake, translocation, and tissue concentrations of soybean and to determine the elemental composition of cysts isolated from roots. Soybeans were grown in plastic tubes in the greenhouse where the middle one‐third of the Hodge fine sand (Typic Udipsamment) contained 0, 25,000, or 50,000 SCN eggs. After 35 days, plants were harvested and tissue nutrient element concentrations were determined. Plants infested with both SCN selections were smaller and had much less root volume than controls. Dry weight of each plant tissue decreased as SCN population was increased. Root concentra...
Design of a mid-IR immersion echelle grating spectrograph for remote sensing

We describe the design of a silicon immersion grating spectrograph for the remote detection of chemicals in the atmosphere. The instrument is designed to operate in the two atmospheric windows from 2.3 to 2.5 and 2.8 and 4.2 microns at a resolution of 0.1 cm{sup {minus}1}. This is achieved by cross dispersing a high order silicon immersion echelle (13.5 grooves/mm) and a first order concave grating operating in a reflective configuration to generate a two-dimensional spectrum in the image plane with diffraction limited performance.
Repeat postpartum magnesium sulfate administration for seizure prophylaxis: is there a patient profile predictive of need for additional therapy?

Objective: To profile patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who require reinstitution of magnesium sulfate therapy for disease exacerbation. Study design: A prospective clinical trial enrolling gravidas with pre-eclampsia. The length of postpartum magnesium sulfate seizure prophylaxis was determined by individual patient characteristics. Patients with exacerbation of their disease after discontinuation of magnesium sulfate received a second course of magnesium sulfate lasting 24 h. Results: Of a total of 503 patients, 38 (7.6%) required reinstitution of postpartum magnesium sulfate therapy for an additional 24-h period. Patients with chronic hypertension complicated by superimposed pre-eclampsia were most likely to require further therapy (11/61, 18.0%), when compared with other hypertensive disorders. Additionally, patients who required reinstitution of magnesium therapy had significantly shorter gestations (32.4 ± 4.2 weeks versus 36.3 ± 4.2 weeks, respectively; p < 0.001), and higher mean a...
Olivia Manning: a woman at war

Like all too many mid-century British women writers, Olivia Manning has been unduly neglected. In the immediate postwar era, when her fiction began appearing through her final, posthumously publish...
Fast beam training for mmWave communication system: from algorithm to circuits

A mmWave communication system is equipped with a large number of antennas so as to achieve higher directional gains. Phased array antenna with beam switching is widely-used to minimize the cost of the hardware implementation for the 60 GHz system. An array with beam switching is allowed only to steer at a fixed number of pre-defined angles called beams. However, since devices do not know the locations of other devices a priori, training to obtain the best pair of beams at the transmitter and the receiver is necessary.In this paper, we first present a fast beam training algorithm called beam coding. By coding the beams with directions that are steered simultaneously in a training packet, we are able to obtain the best beam pair out of 32*32 pairs for a 16-antenna system in 2-4 training packets only, independent of traffic load in the network. It outperforms the best existing scheme proposed in IEEE 802.15.3c standard which requires at least 30 packets to complete the full training in a 16-antenna system and is dependent on traffic load.However, two-bit phase quantization is employed in current phase-shifter designs. It distorts the coded beam pattern in our scheme, leading to imprecise beam training in some cases. Enhancements of the scheme can be performed at algorithmic level but increase the burden in the protocol design. Our simulation demonstrates that by implementing 3-bit phase quantization in a 16-antenna system, the SNR loss is reduced from 2 dB to 0.5 dB. In view of this, to support the new protocol, we propose a new approach to architect a higher resolution beamformer. Measurement results show that it can support 7-bit phase quantization level.
Echocardiographic and radiographic findings in a cohort of healthy adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

Abstract Objectives To describe characteristics of echocardiography and cranial coelomic radiography in a cohort of iguanas. Animals Twenty apparently healthy adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) from a reptile sanctuary. Methods Physical examination, radiography, two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography were performed to assess cardiac structures and function, and any related normal or abnormal findings were recorded. Results Echocardiographic examination was possible without sedation and allowed visualization of the great vessels, atria, and ventricle. Some structures could not be evaluated in a minority of the iguanas due to individual differences in bony conformation and imaging quality. Suspected abnormal echocardiographic findings in 3 iguanas included pericardial effusion (n = 1) and enlarged caudal vena cava and/or sinus venosus (n = 2). Objective measurements were repeatable as assessed by within-subject coefficient of variation, and reliable as assessed by intra-observer intraclass correlation coefficient. Left atrial and ventricular measurements were significantly correlated with body weight. Valve regurgitation was common, with atrioventricular valve regurgitation present in 53% (9/17) and aortic or pulmonic valve regurgitation in 71% (12/17) of otherwise normal iguanas. A heart murmur was not appreciated during examination of any of the iguanas. Heart size cannot be measured radiographically due to superimposition and silhouetting of other coelomic structures. Echocardiographic or radiographic findings consistent with mineralization of the great vessels were present in 76% of iguanas (13/17). Conclusions Echocardiography in iguanas is well tolerated without sedation and allowed both subjective evaluation and structural measurements. Valve regurgitation and great vessel mineralization were commonly observed in this cohort of apparently healthy adult iguanas.
Qualitative changes in DNA-like RNA during development in Rana pipiens

Abstract RNA from Rana pipiens embryos, labeled in vitro with [ 3 H]dimethyl sulfate, was used in DNA-RNA hybridization experiments in order to examine changes in the DNA-like RNA populations during development. 1. 1. Saturation experiments detected a progressive increase in the kinds of DNA-like RNA present in embryos from the gastrula to the larval stage. 2. 2. When the DNA-like RNA was exhausted by exposure to consecutive DNA filters, two general populations of DNA-like RNA were detected. One was a “common” class, homologous to about 1 % of the genome, which was present in many copies at all stages examined. A second DNA-like RNA population present in fewer copies showed a progressive increase during development in the number of detectable kinds present. 3. 3. Competition experiments indicated that most of the DNA-like RNA which could be detected in embryos at early stages was present at late stages, but new kinds of DNA-like RNA became apparent with development. 4. 4. These results are discussed in relation to the transport of DNA-like RNA from the nucleus and its stabilization in the cytoplasm.
Minimum days dry to maximize milk yield in subsequent lactation

L'objectif de cette recherche a ete de determiner les effets de la duree de la periode de tarissement (PT) sur la production totale de lait pendant la lactation suivant le tarissement, et d'identifier la periode minimale necessaire pour maximiser cette production. Les donnees utilisees dans cette etude ont ete collectees aupres d'associations d'eleveurs laitiers d'Amerique du Nord entre janvier 1997 et decembre 2003, et extraites de la base nationale de l'Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory. La production laitiere totale, calculee a partir des productions mensuelles, a ete utilisee dans cette etude. Le modele d'analyse contenait les effets du troupeau-annee de velage, de l'âge au velage, et de la duree de la PT. Des interactions furent ajoutees au modele pour determiner si les effets de la PT sur la production apres tarissement dependaient de la production avant tarissement, de l'âge au velage, du score de cellules somatiques et de l'intervalle velage-insemination fecondante. La production de lait apres tarissement a generalement ete maximale pour une PT de 60 a 65 jours, quelle que soit la parite. Les effets de la duree de la PT sur la production laitiere ont generalement ete constants quelle que soit la parite, mais de courtes PT apres la premiere lactation ont ete plus nefastes a la production laitiere que de courtes PT apres les lactations de parites superieures. Des PT inferieures a 20 jours entrainaient des pertes de lait importantes a la lactation suivante. Une PT courte chez des vaches hautes productrices et fecondees rapidement apres le velage est la pire combinaison pour maximiser la production a la lactation suivante.
Friendship, Educational Engagement, and School Belonging: Comparing Hispanic and White Adolescents:

The current study explores the relationship between friendship formation, school engagement, and belonging among White and Hispanic students. It employed the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents in high school. The sample consisted of 6,366 Mexican, 1,132 Cuban, 1,330 Puerto Rican, 4,446 Central/South Hispanic origin youth, and 46,592 non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanic students are less likely to report having friends and to having their best friend at school. Both Hispanic and White students who have a best friend report fewer engagement problems and a higher school belonging. However, only students whose best friend attends their same school report higher levels of school belonging. Findings suggest that ethnic origin is an important stratifier among Hispanics for the studied school outcomes. Signs for optimism are discussed as some Hispanic ethnic groups report higher levels of school belonging compared with their White counterparts.
COMPORTAMIENTO AGRESIVO EN VARONES DE 10 A 12 AÑOS, PERTENECIENTES A COLEGIOS DE VALPARAÍSO

Objetivos: Determinar la magnitud del comportamiento agresivo e identificar la distribucion del nivel de agresividad segun factores individuales, familiares e institucionales, en varones de 10-12 anos de colegios municipalizados, particular-subvencionados y particular-pagados de Valparaiso. Material y Metodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo-correlacional. Muestra correspondiente al 8,4% del universo de matriculados en la comuna de Valparaiso, ano 2006. Se aplico una encuesta con preguntas cerradas, que midieron el comportamiento agresivo y los factores del estudio. Se establecieron cuatro niveles de agresividad: alto, mediano, bajo y sin agresividad. Resultados: 21,4% de los varones responde con un nivel alto o mediano de agresividad, frente a diversas situaciones. Respecto a los factores analizados, aquellos estadisticamente significativos a nivel individual fueron consumo de alcohol y drogas, que se presenta entre varones con mas altos niveles de agresividad; a nivel familiar, el mayor porcentaje de alumnos que presentan alta agresividad han recibido castigo fisico (79,2%) y el patron de crianza ejercido en sus familias es inconsistente (33,3%); a nivel institucional, alumnos que tienen niveles altos de agresividad asisten en su mayoria a escuelas municipales (83,3%) y pequenas (54,2%). Conclusion: conocer la magnitud del comportamiento agresivo y los factores asociados es fundamental para direccionar acciones de promocion y prevencion de este comportamiento, especialmente por la/el enfermera/o, dado el contacto temprano y sistematico que sostiene con las familias en el Control de Salud Infantil, al observar el estilo de apego, indagar practicas de crianza y fomentar patrones de crianza que permitan el logro de las tareas del desarrollo.
Discrete Model Improvement by Eigenvector Updating

An eigenvector updating method is proposed to fit modal test data. The calculated eigenvectors are updated by coinciding some of them with the corresponding measured eigenvectors as a result of an orthogonal transformation. The advantage of the method is the applicability to large complex structures without necessity of recomputation of the eigendata.
SUCCESSFUL COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A CONSERVATION PLAN IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

The indigenous people and clans of Choiseul Province, or Lauru as it is known locally, retain strong customary ownership over their lands and seas, and maintain many customs relating to the use of their natural resources. The rural population of Lauru also has a strong collective voice through the Lauru Land Conference of Tribal Community (LLCTC). The activities of the LLCTC Environmental Office resulted in the establishment of eight Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) by 2008, and word of mouth on the value of these LMMAs generated numerous community requests to LLCTC for assistance in establishing additional protected areas. In 2009 a stakeholder-driven conservation plan for the whole of Lauru was developed, which led to a political commitment from the LLCTC and the government to establish a provincial-wide Lauru Protected Area Network, the first such commitment in Melanesia. By 2012, 15 LMMAs and several terrestrial community conserved areas had been established. This paper outlines the process of community engagement that the LLCTC Environmental office uses when establishing protected areas and some of the common misunderstandings that frequently need to be addressed. The paper also outlines how the stakeholder-driven implementation process is informed by the Choiseul Ridges to Reefs Conservation Plan that was developed using the best available scientific and local knowledge.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Vegetable Oil Spills

ABSTRACT Vegetable oil spills are common in the United States and Canada. Although vegetable oils usually are not toxic in the classic sense, at least not to the extent normally associated with crude oil and refined petroleum products, they can cause severe harmful effects in contaminated ecosystems. Since most of the adverse environmental effects of vegetable oils appear to be a result of the presence of the oil on the water surface, on shoreline sediments, or (in emulsified form) in the water column, a prudent spill response is to remove floating and suspended oil from the contaminated water body as quickly as possible. The goal of this research is to investigate a response alternative that is based on sedimentation of floating and suspended oil followed by anaerobic biodegradation in the sediments. The authors' research demonstrates that sedimentation of floating oil by formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) is possible, and that the interaction between oil and dry clay is crucial to the successful...
A NEW SPECIES OF THE DUAL-MOUTHED PARACRINOID BISTOMIACYSTIS AND A REDESCRIPTION OF THE EDRIOASTEROID EDRIOASTER PRISCUS FROM THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN CURDSVILLE MEMBER OF THE LEXINGTON LIMESTONE

openings. Our research suggests that this unusual arrangement is consistent with oral areas of other derived blastozoans bearing oral plates. Edrioaster priscus (Miller and Gurley) is a poorly known large edrioasterid edrioasteroid previously known only from specimens preserved in coarse beekite. The new material of this taxon allows for a thorough characterization of this poorly known edrioasteroid and shows that previous assessments of its size and morphology need revision. All specimens in this study were collected from a single out? crop of the Curdsville Member of the Lexington Limestone near
Surgical Management of Malignant Islet Cell Tumors

The surgical management of pancreatic islet cell carcinomas poses a complicated set of questions resulting from their rare occurrence and the difficulty in establishing a diagnosis in early cases or, conversely, the problems inherent in dealing with metastatic disease. However, because their biologic behavior is rather indolent, a real opportunity exists not only for cure but also for meaningful palliation. These goals apply both to the tumor itself and the effects of the hormones they may secrete. The challenge facing the multidisciplinary management team in general, and the surgeon specifically, is to achieve the optimal combination of surgical resection and other treatment options. While the precept of aggressive excision applies to most islet cell carcinomas, it is not universally applicable. In contrast to other islet cell tumors, insulinomas are overwhelmingly benign, and are well treated by enucleation or limited pancreatic resection. Although based on relatively few cases, cytoreductive surgery seems beneficial for malignant insulinomas. Advances that have occurred over the past decade in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have markedly altered surgical management. Medication which reliably prevents ulcer formation has permitted the surgical perspective to be redirected from end organ ablation to curative tumor excision. Multicentricity and metastases, however, limit the extent to which cure can actually be achieved. Patients with vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing tumors and glucagonomas are very rare, and when possible, should undergo tumor resection to correct the severe hormonally caused metabolic derangements. Increasingly recognized are islet cell carcinomas that do not produce clinical syndromes. They may be confused with ductal carcinomas, but when resected, lead to distinctly superior survival rates among patients.
Spontaneous magnetostriction in R2Fe14B (R=Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er)

Abstract Thermal expansion anomalies of R2Fe14B (R=Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er) stoichiometric compounds were studied by X-ray diffraction with high-energy synchrotron radiation using a Debye–Scherrer geometry in temperature range of ∼10–1000 K. A large invar effect with a corresponding large temperature dependence of lattice parameters ∼10–15 K above their Curie temperatures (Tc) are observed. The a-axes show a larger invar effect than the c-axes in all compounds. The spontaneous magnetostrain of the lattices and bonds are calculated. The iron sublattice is shown to dominate the volumetric spontaneous magnetostriction of the compounds and the contribution from the rare-earth sublattice is roughly proportional to the spin magnetic moment of the rare earths. The bond-length changes are consistent with the theoretical spin-density calculation. The average bonds magnetostrain around Fe sites is approximately proportional to their magnetic moments.
OBSERVED RADIATION FROM SURFACE PLASMONS IN ALUMINUM.

Plasma radiation from thin films of aluminum bombarded by non-normally incident 80 keV electrons has been investigated. Radiative decay of both volume plasmons and surface plasmons was observed with the surface plasmon radiation being very sensitive to contamination of the film surface by an oxide layer. The surface resonance occurs at 10.2 eV, whereas the volume resonance is at 15 eV. These values are in accord with electron energy-loss experiments.
Italian fashion: yesterday, today and tomorrow

The article considers Gianna Manzini's ‘La moda e una cosa seria’ (La Donna, 1935, July, 36–37) as a forerunner of current scholarly approaches to fashion in general and Italian fashion in particular, for three reasons. First, it asserts the importance of a gendered history of fashion; second, it argues for the importance of boundaries and lines of demarcation in the study of fashion that do not pertain solely to time but also to fields, disciplines and the other arts, as well as social and political domains; third, it raises the question of the relationship between fashion and nation. In examining how and when to establish the beginning or the origin of Italian fashion, the article argues for a long history of Italian fashion that stretches as far back as early modernity, thus reframing a number of historiographical questions. The article goes on to signal the difficulty involved in establishing neat points of ruptures and origins, and continuities in any historical or cultural spectrum in view of the po...
Studies of the coagulation process in the crayfish, Orconectes virilis: attempts to identify a fibrinogen-like factor.

Abstract 1. 1. A series of tests were conducted to determine whether or not the hemolymph of the crayfish, Orconectes virilis , contains a plasma coagulation factor analogous to mammalian fibrinogen. 2. 2. Anti-coagulated hemolymph free from cell material could not be induced to clot by the addition of calcium chloride, whereas clot formation proceeded when whole cells and/or cell debris was present. 3. 3. Thrombin and rabbit anti-human and anti-bovine fibrinogen antisera failed to react with any crayfish samples used. 4. 4. All hemolymph samples exhibited similar electrophoretic banding patterns. 5. 5. Prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time tests using human reagents yielded negative results with all hemolymph samples studied.
Abstract B94: Hay fever and asthma as markers of atopic immune response and risk of colorectal cancer in three large cohort studies

Background: In a previous analysis of the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort that included follow-up from 1982-2000, having both hay fever and asthma was associated with lower colorectal cancer mortality. The combination of these allergy-related conditions may be a marker for allergy-related immune responses that could inhibit the development or progression of colorectal cancer. Methods: We examined the association between having both hay fever and asthma and colorectal cancer mortality among 1,023,191 participants in Cancer Prevention Study I (CPS-I) followed-up from 1959-1972, and 1,102,092 participants in CPS-II, now followed-up from 1982 through 2008. We also examined associations with colorectal cancer incidence among 174,917 participants in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort, a subgroup of CPS-II followed from 1992-2007. During follow-up, there were 5,644 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-I, 13,558 colorectal cancer deaths in CPS-II, and 3,365 incident colorectal cancers in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs). Results: RRs for colorectal mortality associated with having both asthma and hay fever, compared to neither condition, were 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-1.09) in CPS-I, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69-0.91) in CPS-II, and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.74-0.92) when results from both cohorts were combined using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. The RR for colorectal cancer incidence in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.71-1.14). Conclusion: These results are consistent with an association between having both hay fever and asthma and modestly lower colorectal cancer mortality. Citation Format: Eric J. Jacobs, Susan M. Gapstur, Christina C. Newton, Michelle C. Turner, Peter T. Campbell. Hay fever and asthma as markers of atopic immune response and risk of colorectal cancer in three large cohort studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B94.
Anomalous large grains in alloyed aluminum thin films II. Electromigration and diffusion in thin films with very large grains

Abstract Grain-sizes of more than a millimeter have been achieved in alloyed Al thin films on amorphous SiO 2 surfaces, through anomalous or secondary grain growth. Conductors fabricated from these films exhibit extremely long electromigration failure times in comparison to the normal polycrystalline conductors. Analysis of mass transport data during electromigration indicates that lattice diffusion is the dominant transport process in these conductors, with activation energies of 1.22 eV and 1.20 eV for Al transport and Cu transport, respectively.
The effect of late preterm birth on mortality of infants with major congenital heart defects

The effect of late preterm birth on mortality of infants with major congenital heart defects
ETHNICITY AND VOTING IN THE MIAMI-DADE COUNTY SMSA

The Miami-Dade County SMSA has recently undergone a transformation from electorally liberal and Democratic to conservative and Republican in presidential elections. This paper investigates the role played by ethnicity in that transition. Two stepwise regression models are employed in an analysis of the 1976, 1980, and 1984 presidential elections to assess the extent to which ethnicity is associated with the county's growing voting support for the Republican Party. The first stepwise regression model directly investigates the association between ethnicity and Republican voting, while the second model incorporates numerous additional established influences upon voting in a factor-analytic stepwise regression. The results of these two models are then compared. This investigation has three major findings. First, ethnicity is the single most salient influence upon voting behavior in the Miami metropolitan area. Second, the growth of Republican Party support in presidential elections is overwhelmingly due to th...
The density and packing fraction of binary metallic glasses

Abstract The present work develops a physical model of metallic glass structure that gives a reasonable estimate of density. The efficient cluster-packing model is used as a starting point, and is refined by a high-fidelity estimate of the size of structure-forming clusters and cluster–cluster separations. These are predicted as continuous functions of composition and relative atom radii. Predicted densities are all are within ±10% of measured densities for 200 binary metallic glasses, representing a precision in cluster–cluster separations of ±3%. New structural insights from this work include the importance of acknowledging the unique cluster topologies to estimate cluster–cluster separations; an improved ability to estimate the higher packing efficiency of unlike atoms in the first coordination shell of atomic clusters; and an improved estimate of metalloid–metalloid separations. The unusual, bilinear influence of composition on density in Fe–B glasses is explained by considering the sizes of β and γ sites in different metallic glass structures. Global atom packing fractions derived from measured densities range from about 0.62 to 0.76, and the most stable binary glasses all have packing fractions in excess of 0.70, supporting the idea that atom packing efficiency influences glass stability.
Just-in-time dynamic voltage scaling: Exploiting inter-node slack to save energy in MPI programs

Although users of high-performance computing are most interested in raw performance, both energy and power consumption have become critical concerns. As a result, improving energy efficiency of nodes on HPC machines has become important, and the prevalence of power-scalable clusters, where the frequency and voltage can be dynamically modified, has increased. On power-scalable clusters, one opportunity for saving energy with little or no loss of performance exists when the computational load is not perfectly balanced. This situation occurs frequently, as keeping the load balanced between nodes is one of the long-standing fundamental problems in parallel and distributed computing. Indeed, despite the large body of research aimed at balancing load both statically and dynamically, this problem is quite difficult to solve. This paper presents a system called Jitter that reduces the frequency and voltage on nodes that are assigned less computation and, therefore, have idle or slack time. This saves energy on these nodes, and the goal of Jitter is to attempt to ensure that they arrive ''just in time'' so that they avoid increasing overall execution time. Specifically, we dynamically determine which nodes have enough slack time such that they can execute at a reduced frequency with little performance cost-which will greatly reduce the consumed energy on that node. In particular, Jitter saves 12.8% energy with 0.4% time increase-which is essentially the same as a hand-tuned solution-on the Aztec benchmark.
Gene profiling of a myeloma cell line reveals similarities and unique signatures among IL-6 response, N-ras-activating mutations, and coculture with bone marrow stromal cells

ANBL-6, a myeloma cell line, proliferates in response to interleukin 6 (IL-6) stimulation, coculture with bone marrow stromal cells, and when harboring a constitutively active mutant N-ras gene. Eighteen samples, including 4 IL-6-treated, 3 mutant N-ras-transfected, 3 normal stroma-stimulated, 2 multiple myeloma (MM) stroma-stimulated, and 6 untreated controls were profiled using microarrays interrogating 12 626 genes. Global hierarchical clustering analysis distinguished at least 6 unique expression signatures. Notably, the different stimuli altered distinct functional gene programs. Class comparison analysis (P =.001) revealed 138 genes (54% involved in cell cycle) that distinguished IL-6-stimulated versus nontreated samples. Eighty-seven genes distinguished stroma-stimulated versus IL-6-treated samples (22% encoded for extracellular matrix [ECM] proteins). A total of 130 genes distinguished N-ras transfectants versus IL-6-treated samples (26% involved in metabolism). A total of 157 genes, 20% of these involved in signaling, distinguished N-ras from stroma-interacting samples. All 3 stimuli shared 347 genes, mostly of metabolic function. Genes that distinguished MM1 from MM4 clinical groups were induced at least by one treatment. Notably, only 3 genes (ETV5, DUSP6, and KIAA0735) are uniquely induced in mutant ras-containing cells. We have demonstrated gene expression patterns in myeloma cells that distinguish an intrinsic genetic transformation event and patterns derived from both soluble factors and cell contacts in the bone marrow microenvironment.
Should locally excised T1 rectal cancer receive adjuvant chemoradiation

Abstract Background: Local excision of low-lying adenocarcinoma of the rectum is increasingly utilized, but the benefit of adjuvant treatment in T1 lesions with otherwise favorable pathology remains controversial. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent local excision of invasive rectal cancer with curative intent from 1991 to 1999. Results: Forty-eight patients were treated with local surgical excision. Twenty-seven T1 lesions were identified, 10 received postoperative chemoradiation, and no local recurrences were identified. Seventeen T1 patients did not receive adjuvant treatment and local recurrence occurred in 4 patients (24%). In all cases of local recurrence, the lesions had been excised to negative margins, none were poorly differentiated, and none exhibited vascular or lymphatic invasion. Conclusion: These data suggest a trend toward improved local control with adjuvant therapy after local excision of T1 rectal cancer. This is an important consideration in patients with negative surgical margins and favorable pathology who are traditionally not treated.
Incidence of subclinical ketosis in cows supplemented with a monensin controlled-release capsule in Holstein cattle, Florida, USA.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a monensin controlled-release capsule on the proportion of cows with subclinical ketosis (SK). During July to August 2001, 300 cows dried-off 50-70 days before expected parturition were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n = 150, oral capsule, 335 mg/d of monesin for 95 d) or control group (no capsule, n = 150). At 14 days postpartum, a milk sample was obtained and evaluated for beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) using a semi-quantitative ketone test strip. In a sub-sample of 50 cows per group a blood sample was taken and analyzed for BHBA using an ELISA kit. Milk BHBA > or = 200 micromol/L was used as the cut-off value for diagnosis of SK. The incidence of SK based on the milk test was statistically different between groups (P 0.05). However, for each incremental increase in serum BHBA of 0.1 mmol/L occurrence of SK increased 52% (OR = 1.52; 1.21-1.91; 95% CI).
Reduction of Caudate Nucleus Volumes in Neuroleptic-Naïve Female Subjects with Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Background The caudate nucleus might contribute to the psychopathological and cognitive deficits observed in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Here we focused on female patients, because this group is underrepresented in studies of SPD and schizophrenia, and we might learn more about the caudate and clinical and cognitive impairments that are unique to female patients diagnosed with SPD. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging scans, obtained on a 1.5-T magnet with 1.5-mm contiguous slices, were used to measure the caudate in 32 neuroleptic-naive women with SPD and in 29 female normal comparison subjects. Subjects were group-matched for age, parental socioeconomic status, and intelligence quotient. Results We found significantly reduced left and right caudate relative volume (8.3%, 7.7%) in female SPD subjects compared with normal comparison subjects. In female SPD subjects, we found significant correlations between smaller total caudate relative volume and worse performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting test (nonperseverative errors) and on the California Verbal Learning Test (verbal memory and learning), and significant correlations between smaller total caudate relative volume and both positive and negative symptoms on the Structured Interview for Schizotypy. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that, for female SPD subjects, smaller caudate volume is associated with poorer cognitive performance and more schizotypal symptomatology.
Responses of Adult Aphasics to a Letter-Prediction Task

Summary Ten paragraphs were written around a common topic, each of approximately 70 words. These were predicted letter-by-letter by 10 university students working individually. A monitor gave the correct letter after each prediction. A letter that was guessed correctly by all students was arbitrarily designated “redundant”; others, “information bearing.” The paragraphs were then programmed on a unit that automatically typed out the information-bearing spaces as they occurred in the context of the paragraph. The redundant spaces were predicted by the operator and also typed out appropriately. The operator always worked forward with a passage, not “filling in blanks.” With each wrong response a translucent key glowed guiding the operator to the correct response. Twenty adult aphasic individuals who were at least six months poststroke served as experimental subjects. Using the unit described above, they predicted the redundant letters of the paragraphs during the successive sessions and then repeated the series, making a total of 20 experiences. An experimenter noted the responses and the time required for completing the paragraph. All of the subjects made fewer errors late in Trial I of the 10-paragraph sequence than they made earlier, and in Trial II than in Trial I. Similarly, speed of response increased.
The (p, t) reaction on even isotopes of Sm

Abstract The reactions 148,150,152,154Sm(p, t) were studied at a bombarding energy of 19.00 MeV. Absolute differential (p, t) cross sections were measured with a split-pole magnetic spectrometer. Trends in the triton angular distribution shapes were identified for angularmomentum transfer L of 0, 2 and 3 units. On the basis of the angular-distribution shapes, definite 0+ and 3− assignments and tentative 2+ assignments were made. The (p, t) reaction is observed to populate excited 0+ states in Sm with unusually high intensity, as does the (t, p) reaction. A qualitative explanation is given based on the model of Kumar and Baranger, in which the distinction between spherical and deformed nuclei is softened. In particular, 0+ states at 1.255 MeV in 150Sm and 1.426 MeV in 148Sm that are strongly excited by the (p,t) reaction may be interpreted as “deformed” states in nuclei with “spherical” ground states. Rotational bands built on these 0+ states are identified in the (p, t) spectra. These bands are seen to fit into the systematics of the Sm ground-state bands.
A THEORETICAL CASE STUDY OF SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS AND MICROSOLVATION ON THE BINDING SPECIFICITY OF CROWN ETHERS

Hartree−Fock and second-order perturbation theory calculations were performed on complexes of a single alkali metal cation and a recently synthesized derivative of 18-crown-6 that locks the crown macrocycle into a D3d-like configuration. Unlike 18-crown-6, which binds K+ with a 100-fold selectivity over Na+, the derivative prefers Na+ by a factor of 4:1. Calculations on a simple K+ ↔ Na+ cation exchange reaction indicate a small shift in binding preference in favor of Na+, but the inherent uncertainty in the theoretical treatment makes an unequivocal conclusion difficult. The effects of two microsolvating waters attached to the cation/s18-crown-6 complex and up through four microsolvating waters bound to 18-crown-6 were considered. The levels of theory used in this study were similar to those previously found to yield binding preferences in qualitative agreement with liquid-phase experimental data. To the best of our knowledge, this work, which involved more than 800 basis functions for several complexes,...
I want to be different from others in cyberspace The role of visual similarity in virtual group identity

The present study investigated the impact of the visual similarity shared among virtual group members on group identity and conformity. In achieving this goal, the current study distinguished the similarity coming from being in the same experimental group (i.e., transient group membership) and the similarity coming from the same social group membership (i.e., lasting group membership), in response to the critique that these two group memberships have not been set apart in previous computer-mediated group research. The current study also attended to the fact that previous research on computer-mediated groups restricted personality traits that might have affected group identity formation and conformity in virtual groups. In response to this constraint, the present study included participants' needs to be different from others (NFU) and needs for inclusion (ISC) to a hypothesized path model that was founded on the SIDE model. Furthermore, the author examined whether the same hypothesized path model could uphold across the differentiated levels of similarity shared among group members.
Fatigue behaviour of steel fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract The results of an experimental investigation on the fatigue characteristics and residual strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) are reported. The testing program included flexural specimens as well as split-cylinders and cubes reinforced with two fiber types at a low volume content. One of the fibers was of the deformed slit-sheet type available at aspect ratios of 45 and 60. It is shown that SFRC has a better fatigue response than plain concrete and that the deformed slit-sheet fiber has an effect almost identical to hooked-end fiber of similar dimensions. There is no increase in residual strength measured by split-tension when specimens are subjected to fatigue stress above the endurance limit. Fatigue characteristics of SFRC from this testing program as well as previous works can be interpreted as a function of the fiber factor (i.e. a parameter accounting for volume fraction, aspect ratio and fiber type) to provide design charts. More experimental work is needed to provide an acceptable database for fatigue design of SFRC.
A Framework and an Environment for Collaborative Analysis of User Experience

Pervasive technologies, such as shared interactive surfaces and mobile devices, are beginning to be used to support a diversity of collaborative user experiences. Compared with fixed PC applications, however, they are more difficult to evaluate. Of importance, it requires understanding the context of use through capturing and analyzing different types of data (e.g., conversations, gestures, movements) and re‐representing them at different levels of abstraction. This can make the analysis complex and unwieldy, requiring teams of analysts to manage it. A new approach to managing the complexity of collaborative analysis is presented, where an integrated physical and conceptual space have been co-designed to allow design teams to readily share and transfer their interpretations of data through preserving the contextual information. A case study is described showing how a collaborative analysis approach enabled small groups of designers to work together to interpret and further analyze a variety of data.
Deposition of ellipsoidal particles in turbulent duct flows

Abstract Using Lagrangian traces of particle trajectories, the deposition of ellipsoidal particles in a fully developed turbulent channel flow is analysed. The turbulent velocity field is simulated by a continuous Gaussian random vector field superimposed on an empirical mean velocity profile. Particle trajectories are evaluated using the equations of motion for a rigid ellipsoid translating and rotating in a turbulent flow field. An implicit integration scheme is used for calculating particle velocities induced by drag and gravity. Euler's four parameters are used for describing the particle orientation. The governing equations for the translational and rotational motion of particles are outlined, and simulation results for ellipsoidal particles with minimum diameters from 1 to 50 μm and aspect ratios from one to ten are presented. The cases of vertical and horizontal ducts are studied. Good agreement of the predicted deposition velocities with the experimental data and the empirical equation is observed. For a fixed minimum diameter and/or fixed equivalent relaxation time, the results show that the deposition velocity increases rapidly with aspect ratio. When stated in terms of the relaxation time based on the equivalent volume sphere, the deposition rate of ellipsoidal particles is found not to vary appreciably with changes in aspect ratio.
On testing correlation between growth curves

Fitting the growth curves by polynomials, this paper is intended to test whether or not there is any correlation between two characters. The likelihood ratio statistic is derived and is shown to be distributed under the null hypothesis as the product of three independent U statistics as defined in Anderson (1958). Box's procedure is then applied to approximate the critical region. A numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure.
Numerical Analysis of the Stochastic Moving Boundary Problem

We consider a numerical solution of the stochastic moving boundary value problem, whose existence and uniqueness of solution are proved in [16]. Numerical approximations are based on the transformation, which transforms the stochastic moving boundary problem whose spatial domain is a priori unknown to a nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation which has a fixed spatial domain. We construct a numerical solution of the nonlinear stochastic partial differential equation and investigate the convergence theory.
The Factorial Validity of a Teacher Burnout Measure (Educators Survey) Administered to a Sample of Beginning Teachers in Elementary and Secondary Schools in California.

For the Educators Survey, an inventory designed to assess teacher burnout in each of three scales representing constructs of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment, bo...
Histamine-induced phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II disrupts the barrier integrity of corneal endothelial cells.

Purpose To investigate histamine-induced changes in the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and its influence on the barrier integrity of corneal endothelial cells through altered contractility of the actin cytoskeleton. Methods Experiments were performed in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs). Phosphorylation of MLC, which increases contractility of the actin cytoskeleton through actomyosin interaction, was assessed by urea-glycerol gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Immunocytochemistry was used to locate phosphorylated MLC in relation to tight junctions. Phosphorylation of the 17-kDa PKC-potentiated inhibitory protein of type 1 protein phosphatase (CPI-17), which inhibits MLC phosphatase, was studied using Western blot analysis. The cortical actin cytoskeleton was visualized by staining with Texas-red phalloidin. Barrier integrity was determined by quantifying horseradish peroxidase (HRP; 44 kDa) flux across cells grown on porous filters. Results RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of Galphaq/11-coupled H1 receptors in BCECs. Exposure to histamine (100 microM; 10 minutes) led to phosphorylation of MLC (134% relative to untreated cells) and of CPI-17. Histamine also increased the flux of HRP by sevenfold and disrupted the assembly of the dense cortical actin found in resting cells. PKC activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 nM; 30 minutes) caused phosphorylation of both MLC and CPI-17. The histamine-induced MLC phosphorylation was reduced by pre-exposure to either ML-7 (50 microM), an MLCK (MLC kinase) inhibitor, or chelerythrine (10 microM), an inhibitor of PKC. Cotreatment with agents that elevate cAMP in BCECs prevented the histamine-induced MLC phosphorylation and the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, and increased HRP flux. Phosphorylated MLC in response to histamine or PMA was found in a punctate form in close proximity to ZO-1, a marker of the tight junctional complex. Conclusions Histamine induces MLC phosphorylation by activating MLCK and partly inhibiting MLC phosphatase. The latter is facilitated by the phosphorylation of CPI-17. Localization of phosphorylated MLC in proximity to ZO-1 suggests increased contractility of the cortical actin at the tight junctional complex. This contractility oppose the tethering forces and lead to a breakdown of the barrier integrity. Last, elevated cAMP prevents histamine-induced loss of the barrier integrity, not only by blocking inactivation of MLC phosphatase but also by inactivating MLCK.