cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesial temporal extraventricular neurocytoma (mtEVN): A case report and literature review.

Aim We describe a case of mesial temporal extraventricular neurocytoma (mtEVN) in a 23-year-old male presenting with drug-resistant seizures and review the literature on this rare tumor. Methods A PubMed search was queried using the MeSH term "neurocytoma" and key search terms "extraventricular", "temporal", and "epilepsy". Titles and abstracts were screened for temporal neurocytomas. References were reviewed to identify further studies. Results Twenty case reports were selected comparing the presentation, radiological, histopathological, and surgical outcomes of neocortex temporal EVNs (ntEVN) and mtEVNs. Conclusion Gross total resection of mtEVNs under intraoperative electrocorticography monitoring typically affords an excellent prognosis and successful seizure control.
Sufficient dimension reduction via distance covariance with multivariate responses

In this article, we propose a new method for sufficient dimension reduction when both response and predictor are vectors. The new method, using distance covariance, keeps the model-free advantage, ...
Detaching the tether: Remodeling mitochondrial localization during meiosis

During meiosis, many organelles including mitochondria undergo dramatic remodeling to be inherited in gametes. In this issue, new work from Sawyer et al. (2019. J. Cell. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201807097) demonstrates that the developmentally programmed destruction of a tether releases mitochondria from the cell cortex during meiosis in budding yeast.
Abstract A127: Role of macrophage subsets in liver metastasis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal disease and frequently metastasize to the liver. The presence of macrophages (F4/80+ cells or CD68+ cells) is reported to correlate with tumor progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Emerging evidence has revised the traditional concept of macrophage ontogeny and made it increasingly apparent that there exists functional diversity between resident macrophages originating from yolk sac erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)-derived macrophages. Sophisticated therapeutic intervention requires in-depth understanding of these macrophage subsets in the metastasis microenvironment. However, the role and heterogeneity of macrophages in tumor development, in particular in PDAC liver metastasis, remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized murine PDAC model to inidcate that Kupffer cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are two developmentally and functionally distinct subsets of macrophages. Removal of Kupffer cells by depletion of Id3 in macrophage progenitors or CSF1R blockade increases tumor burden. These findings reveal that Kupffer cells play a key role in restraining PDAC liver metastasis and show the necessity to understand macrophage origin when developing therapeutics for cancer treatment. Citation Format: Zihou Deng, Frederic Geissmann. Role of macrophage subsets in liver metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A127.
Pediatric Septic Arthritis of the Knee: Predictors of Septic Hip Do Not Apply

Background The early diagnosis of pediatric septic arthritis is paramount to the prevention of long-term sequela. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the commonly used criteria developed by Kocher and colleagues for hip septic arthritis can be used for screening children with suspected septic knee. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients under the age of 19, between June 2002 to June 2017, who presented to a major tertiary-care children's hospital with septic knee. Diagnostic criteria included either a positive synovial culture from the knee, synovial white blood cell (WBC)>50,000 cells/mm, or synovial WBC count >25,000 cells/mm and clinical agreement of diagnosis from Infectious Disease and Orthopaedic colleagues. Collected data included the initial criteria described by Kocher and colleagues: history of fever, non-weight-bearing, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and serum WBC as well as a recently modified criterion: C-reactive protein. Univariate analysis was used to determine the quality of these variables in ruling out septic knee. Results One hundred four patient charts were found to meet our inclusion criteria demonstrating C-reactive protein>20 mg/L (75%), fever (65%), non-weight-bearing status (64%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate>40 mm/h (60%), and WBC>12,000 cells/mm (49%). With the 25 different combinations of these predictors adjusted for, in an escalating manner, 0 predictors suggested a sensitivity of 0.02, 1 predictor a sensitivity of 0.06, 2 predictors a sensitivity of 0.2, 3 predictors a sensitivity of 0.32, 4 predictors a sensitivity of 0.3, and 5 predictors a sensitivity of 0.11. Conclusions According to the Kocher criteria of the hip, at 3 or more criteria the probability of septic arthritis becomes 93% with a sensitivity of 0.84 provoking many physicians to use this cutoff in their assessment of hip pain. This study suggests that if these criteria were applied to the knee, 52% of septic knee cases could be missed. There is a need for further investigation of specific criteria of the knee as the markers of the hip septic arthritis are not necessarily applicable in the knee. Level of evidence Level III.
Optimal Interference Management, Power Control and Routing in Multihop D2D Cellular Systems

This paper considers a cellular system with multihop device-to-device (D2D) communications to extend the coverage of a cell, for user equipments (UEs) experiencing service outage. The D2D system is an inband underlay system. The aim is to satisfy the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) requirements on the downlink connections on every pre-allocated resource block, signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) requirements for every D2D sidelink connection on each of their pre-allocated resource blocks, and a maximum allowable interference at the base station receiver on all uplink frame resource blocks. It is desired to perform joint power control and routing to minimize the expended D2D UE energy in the system while meeting these requirements. An optimization problem is formulated that turns out to be a mixed integer non-linear program. For that, we use a generalized Bender's decomposition approach, which breaks down the problem formulation into a master sub-problem, an auxiliary sub-problem and a feasibility sub-problem. In this paper, we focus on developing an efficient solution method for the relaxed version of the master sub-problem that is responsible for generating lower bounds on the optimal objective function value. A benchmark sub-optimal disjoint scheme for the same problem is also proposed, which performs routing and power control separately. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of both schemes and results show that the joint scheme is superior when compared with the disjoint scheme in terms of the expended UE energy, the expended base station power and success in satisfying the SINR, SNR, and interference bound requirements.
Key Determinants for Achieving Enteral Autonomy and Reduced Parenteral Nutrition Exposure in Pediatric Intestinal Failure.

Background We sought to evaluate the relationship between determinants of intestinal failure (IF) and achieving enteral autonomy from parenteral nutrition (PN) in a large single-center cohort of children. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of pediatric subjects enrolled in a database for the Center for Advanced Intestinal Rehabilitation at Children's of Alabama from 1989 to 2016. IF was defined as dependence on PN for >60 days. Subjects were included if they were followed since birth or infancy for a minimum of 3 months and sufficient documentation of study variables were available. Gestational age, race, diagnosis, anatomy (percent small and large bowel remaining, presence of ileocecal valve [ICV]), county of residence (rural/urban), and days of PN use were recorded. Kaplan-Meier curves and parametric survival regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the demographic and clinical variables with the length of PN use. Results Initially, 290 subjects were available to review. After inclusion/exclusion were applied, 158 subjects remained. Gestational age, diagnosis (necrotizing enterocolitis), small-bowel length (>50%), and presence of an ICV were all positive predictors for reaching enteral autonomy. Residual colon length was associated with shorter duration of PN in days. Conclusion Enteral autonomy is a key outcome among children with IF. In our cohort, we found that gestational age, diagnosis, remaining small bowel, and presence of ICV are positive predictors for reaching this important milestone. Colon length is also an important factor with respect to duration of PN in days.
iRyP: a purely edge-based visual privacy-respecting system for mobile cameras

With the growing popularity of mobile devices that have built-in cameras, capturing images has become a trivial job for ordinary people, who share the images with their friends or the public online. However, such digital images are often taken without the consent of some photographed persons, hence leading to privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose iRyP, a purely edge-based privacy-respecting system for mobile cameras. In order to meet the requirements of efficiency and usability, we propose to piggyback privacy policies in the advertising messages of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which has been widely deployed in most mobile devices. As such, privacy policies of people in a photo view can be delivered timely and automatically. Moreover, we propose to use a perceptual hashing algorithm for fast face matching. To improve detection accuracy, we also design several new techniques for face-related image processing. We implement and evaluate a prototype system purely based on the Android platform. Our experiments show that iRyP can meet our design requirements and is practical and ready to use.
Program Capacity for Redesign in Educational Leadership Preparation

Characteristics that contribute to successful redesign and launch of principal preparation programs may be understood collectively as the capacity of those programs. A model of capacity for redesig...
Incidence, Reasons, and Predictors of Explantation of Sacral Neuromodulator: a Single-Institution Experience

Sacral neuromodulator (SNM) explantation is associated with higher cost and significant morbidity. The objectives were to investigate the incidence, reasons, and predictors of SNM explantation at our institution and evaluate whether combined versus staged procedures are associated with increased SNM explantation rates. A retrospective chart review of subjects with SNM implantation between Jan 2012 and Dec 2017 was performed. Explantation-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and associations of demographic and clinical characteristics with time to explantation were assessed using Cox regression. One hundred three subjects were included in the final analysis. Of which, 39 underwent staged procedures and 64 received combined procedures. General surgeons implanted most SNMs (102/103) primarily for fecal incontinence (90.3%). The median follow-up time was 9.5 months (IQR 4.3, 30.0). Twelve subjects (11.7%) underwent explantation with an incidence rate of 0.006 per person-month (95% CI 0.003, 0.011). The mean time to explantation was 25 months (SD ± 16.9 months). The most common reason for explantation was loss of efficacy (58.3%). In univariable analyses, only age (HR 0.97(95%CI 0.93–1.00); p = .04) was significantly associated with explantation. Subjects that underwent staged procedures were more likely to undergo explantation at any given time compared with subjects that underwent combined procedures, however, it was not statistically significant (HR 2.91(95%CI 0.87–9.71); p = .08). Over a 6-year period, the incidence of SNM explantation was 0.006 per person-month at our institution. The most common reason for SNM explantation was loss of efficacy. Older subjects were more likely to get explantation. Compared to subjects who had a staged procedure, those who had a combined procedure did not have a significantly different rate of explantation in our population. Further prospective studies are warranted.
Understanding discontinuance among California’s electric vehicle owners

For the market share of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to continue to grow and reach 100% of new vehicle sales, adopters of the technology, who initially buy PEVs, will need to continue choosing them in subsequent purchases. Although much research has focused on the reasons for, and barriers to, initial PEV purchase, less has been devoted to the reasons for discontinuance—abandoning a new technology after first purchasing it. Here, on the basis of results from five questionnaire surveys, we find that PEV discontinuance in California occurs at a rate of 20% for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle owners and 18% for battery electric vehicle owners. We show that discontinuance is related to dissatisfaction with the convenience of charging, having other vehicles in the household that are less efficient, not having level 2 (240-volt) charging at home, having fewer household vehicles and not being male. An often-overlooked aspect of vehicle electrification is how often and why owners give up on electric vehicles. Using surveys of California electric vehicle owners, Hardman and Tal find discontinuance rates of 20% and 18% among plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle owners, and examine the motivations behind discontinuance.
Comparison of Angiotensin II And III Induced Dipsogenicity and Pressor Action

Angiotensin III (AIII) may play a greater role in body water balance and blood pressure control than previously envisioned. AIII is the predominant circulating peptide of the rat renin-angiotensin system,1 and promotes greater neural activity than angiotensin II (AII) when microiontophoretically delivered into the subfornical organ2. Intracranial injections of AII at doses of 50 pM and above induce greater drinking and pressor action than AIII in the rat,3,4 however, doses of AII and AIII below 25 pM induce equivalent dipsogenicity5. The present investigation further compared the magnitude of dipsogenic and pressor responses elicited by intracarotid and intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of AII and AIII.
Deformation and Strain

As already discussed with broad strokes in Sect. 1.1, deformation is the change in the distances between material points, which, in turn, leads to changes in shape and/or size of the body. All real materials undergo some deformation under the influence of forces. To quantify the deformation of a solid body relative to some reference configuration, it is important to introduce the notions of stretch and strain.
Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a potentially curative therapeutic modality for a wide range of pediatric malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Hematopoietic cell transplantation has evolved over time to include more indications for transplantation and broad-spectrum treatment and supportive care strategies. This review will address the process of transplantation, donor and stem cell sources, complications, and transplantable diseases.
Analysis of the recE locus of Escherichia coli K-12 by use of polyclonal antibodies to exonuclease VIII.

Exonuclease VIII (exoVIII) of Escherichia coli has been purified from a strain carrying a plasmid-encoded recE gene by using a new procedure. This procedure yielded 30 times more protein per gram of cells, and the protein had a twofold higher specific activity than the enzyme purified by the previously published procedure (J. W. Joseph and R. Kolodner, J. Biol. Chem. 258:10411-10417, 1983). The sequence of the 12 N-terminal amino acids was also obtained and found to correspond to one of the open reading frames predicted from the nucleic acid sequence of the recE region of Rac (C. Chu, A. Templin, and A. J. Clark, manuscript in preparation). Polyclonal antibodies directed against purified exoVIII were also prepared. Cell-free extracts prepared from strains containing a wide range of chromosomal- or plasmid-encoded point, insertion, and deletion mutations which result in expression of exoVIII were examined by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. This analysis showed that two point sbcA mutations (sbcA5 and sbcA23) and the sbc insertion mutations led to the synthesis of the 140-kilodalton (kDa) polypeptide of wild-type exoVIII. Plasmid-encoded partial deletion mutations of recE reduced the size of the cross-reacting protein(s) in direct proportion to the size of the deletion, even though exonuclease activity was still present. The analysis suggests that 39 kDa of the 140-kDa exoVIII subunit is all that is essential for exonuclease activity. One of the truncated but functional exonucleases (the pRAC3 exonuclease) has been purified and confirmed to be a 41-kDa polypeptide. The first 18 amino acids from the N terminus of the 41-kDa pRAC3 exonuclease were sequenced and fond to correspond to one of the translational start signals predicted from the nucleotide sequence of radC (Chu et al., in preparation). Images
One application of Lippman-Schwinger integral equation to scattering from an arbitrary scatterer

The Lippman-Schwinger integrodifferential equation is used to develop two new characteristics of the scattering amplitude tensor for an arbitrary scatterer. It is used to show that the plane-wave spectrum of the scattered field can be expressed in terms of the scattering amplitude tensor. It is also used to develop a nonsingular integral equation for the scattering amplitude tensor. For a very small scatterer, the solution of the scattering amplitude tensor integral equation leads to an equivalent polarizability tensor. This tensor differs from the conventional Rayleigh approximation in its frequency dependence and because it includes a radiative reaction term. >
Investigation of change in cardinal symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis after surgical or ongoing medical management.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been defined as inflammation of the paranasal sinuses lasting at least 12 weeks with corresponding 2 or more “cardinal symptoms” that include: (1) nasal obstruction; (2) thick nasal discharge; (3) facial pain/pressure; and (4) reduction or loss of sense of smell. Although prior studies have investigated symptoms of CRS after sinus surgery, none have compared the outcomes of these specific symptoms to ongoing medical therapy. Methods Patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled into a multi-institutional, comparative effectiveness, cohort study. Subjects elected either continued medical management or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Baseline characteristics and objective clinical findings were collected. Cardinal symptoms of CRS were operationalized by 4 questions on the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Symptom improvement was evaluated in subjects with at least 6-month follow-up. Results A total of 342 subjects were enrolled, with 69 (20.2%) electing continued medical management, whereas 273 (79.8%) elected ESS. Subjects electing surgical therapy were more likely to have a higher baseline aggregate SNOT-22 score (44.3 (18.9) vs 53.6 (18.8); p < 0.001). All subjects improved across all cardinal symptoms; however, subjects undergoing ESS were significantly more likely (p ≤ 0.013) to experience improvement in thick nasal discharge (odds ratio [OR] = 4.36), facial pain/pressure (OR = 3.56), and blockage/congestion of nose (OR = 2.76). Subjects with nasal polyposis were significantly more likely to report complete resolution of smell/taste following ESS compare to medical management (23.8% vs 4.0%; p = 0.026). Conclusion Across a large population, surgical management is more effective at resolving the cardinal symptoms of CRS than ongoing medical management with the exception of sense of smell/taste.
Transmitter optical subassembly for XFP applications

Finisar has developed a transmitter optical subassembly based on a TO-can style package with a ceramic feedthrough in place of the traditional kovar pins in glass seals. A copper/tungsten (CuW) heatsink also passes through the header base as a means of transferring heat from inside the hermetic enclosure to the module shell. The subassembly has been built in two versions. The first has a 25-Ohm feedthrough design for direct drive of edge emitting lasers. The second design has a 50-Ohm feedthrough for cooled externally modulated laser (EML) applications. In the latter design, a miniaturized TEC is incorporated between the CuW heatsink and the device submount. Data is presented on electrical modeling and measurements showing a return loss of >14 dB out to 20 GHz. For the direct modulation application, optical eye diagrams show very good overall performance over temperature for 1310nm DFB applications. Data is also presented showing performance distributions over large numbers of parts as well as some reliability test results. For the 1550 nm application, optical eye diagram results are presented along with measured thermal performance data.
Cell line dependent involvement of ceramide in ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis.

Ultraviolet light (UV) activates an acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway, which hydrolyzes sphingomyeline to ceramide. Ceramide has been found to be a second messenger, which activates the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) that is required for apoptotic cell death. However, the role of ceramide in UV-induced JNK activation and apoptosis remains controversial. In this study, we examined the correlation among ceramide production, JNK activation and cell apoptosis after UV-irradiation in three cell lines: 293 (kidney), Jurkat (lymphocytes) and MCF-7 (breast) were used in this study. The ceramide production was analyzed using the diacylglycerol kinase assay method. The JNK activation was measured by Western blot analysis using an antibody specifically recognizing phosphorylated JNK. Cell apoptosis was determined by morphological change or flow cytometry. Our data show that UV-irradiation induces ceramide production in both 293 and Jurkat cells. Inhibition of ceramide production by desipramine (25–50 μM) reduced UV-induced JNK activation in both 293 and Jurkat cells; and protects 293 cells from UV-induced apoptosis. However, inhibition of ceramide production does not prevent Jurkat cells from UV-induced apoptosis. In addition, our data demonstrates that UV-irradiation induces JNK activation and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells without production of detectable amounts of ceramide after UV-irradiation. These results suggest that UV-induced JNK activation and apoptosis can be mediated through a ceramide dependent or an independent pathway.
El Nuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles

El Nuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles. Photographs by Camilo Jose Vergara. National Building Museum, Washington, D.C., December 3, 1998-March 19, 1999; Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, New York City, June 25-September 5, 1999; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, January 29–July 16, 2000 (review venue); Graham Foundation, Chicago, November 15,2000–January 25,2001. ElNuevo Mundo: The Landscape of Latino Los Angeles. Photographs by Camilo Jose Vergara. Gustavo Leclerc. Michael J. Dear. and J. Dallas Dishman. eds. Los Angeles: Southern California Studies Center, 2000.48 pp.
SUPERSTOICHIOMETRY, ACCELERATED DIFFUSION, AND NUCLEAR REACTIONS IN DEUTERIUM-IMPLANTED PALLADIUM

Deuterium (D) was introduced into Pd at atomic ratios greater than one by ion implantation at cryogenic temperatures. The rise and saturation of the D concentration at these low temperatures, together with the decay of the superstoichiometric state during annealing, were observed by detecting charged particles from the nuclear reaction D(d,p)T when a deuteron beam impinged on the specimen. At implantation temperatures of 41 and 81 K, a saturation concentration ratio [D]/[Pd] of 1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 was reached, substantially above the limit of 1.0 observed in gas-phase charging. As the temperature was subsequently ramped upward, [D]/[Pd] abruptly decreased to approximately 1.0 near 120 K, reflecting a process of accelerated transport unique to the superstoichiometric state. The responsible diffusion mechanism was theoretically examined using analytical modeling and molecular-dynamics simulations, leading to a picture of correlated D hopping among octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites. Cold fusion was not detected in the absence of external ion bombardment, implying an upper bound on the reaction rate in the high-concentration deuteride of approximately ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}21}$ events/s D atom.
Othello, Sir Peter Negro, and the blacks of early modern England: Colonial inscription and postcolonial excavation

(1998). Othello, Sir Peter Negro, and the blacks of early modern England: Colonial inscription and postcolonial excavation. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 15-30.
Ion-beam modification of polymeric materials – fundamental principles and applications

Abstract When an energetic ion traverses a polymer medium, it loses its energy by electronic and nuclear processes. In the past, considerable research efforts have been devoted to understand the effects of the electronic and nuclear processes in materials. There have been, however, some conflicting reports regarding the roles of electronic and nuclear stopping in producing property changes in polymeric materials, namely the magnitude of cross-linking and scission. A consensus derived from the work conducted at ORNL indicates that electronic stopping is largely responsible for cross-linking and nuclear stopping for scission, although both processes can cause cross-linking as well as scission. The most important parameter for cross-linking is found to be the energy deposited per unit ion path length or linear energy transfer (LET). The mechanisms involved with property changes are discussed by clarifying the concepts of nuclear and electronic stopping, LET, tracks, and spurs. Experimental evidence to support the views are presented. Also addressed are specific property changes induced by ion-beams, which may be of use for industrial applications.
Contribution of inner-sphere reorganization in electron-transfer reaction in solution

Abstract A recently published paper in which the inner- and outer-sphere contributions in redox reactions are compared is incorrect. If one uses the experimental values for the force constants, rather than those calculated from the Urey—Bradley method, one finds Rinner = 1.6 Rout, where R represents the reorganization energy.
Radon 222 tracing of soil and forest canopy trace gas exchange in an open canopy boreal forest

A set of continuous, high-resolution atmospheric radon (Rn-222) concentration time series and radon soil flux measurements were acquired during the summer of 1990 at a micrometeorological tower site 13 km northwest of Schefferville, Quebec, Canada. The tower was located in a dry upland, open-canopy lichen-spruce woodland. For the period July 23 to August 1, 1990, the mean radon soil flux was 41.1 +/- 4.8 Bq m(exp -2)/h. Radon surface flux from the two end-member forest floor cover types (lichen mat and bare soil) were 38.8 +/- 5.1 and 61.8 +/- 15.6 Bq m(exp -2)/h, respectively. Average total forest canopy resistances computed using a simple 'flux box' model for radon exchange between the forest canopy and the overlying atmosphere range from 0.47 +/- 0.24 s cm(exp -1) to 2.65 +/- 1.61 cm(exp -1) for daytime hours (0900-1700 LT) and from 3.44 +/- 0.91 s cm(exp -1) to 10.55 +/- 7.16 s cm(exp -1) for nighttime hours (2000-0600) for the period July 23 to August 6, 1990. Continuous radon profiling of canopy atmospheres is a suitable approach for determining rates of biosphere/atmosphere trace gas exchange for remote field sites where daily equipment maintenance is not possible. where daily equipment maintenance is not possible.
The crack resistance of a dilatation-sensitive material

Abstract The entire history of crack propagation in high-strength steel with dilatation-sensitivity is investigated in this work. Based on the experimentally determined stress-strain curves varying in the strain history according to the mean stress level, a central cracked panel made of unaged maraging steel subject to a remote tension is considered in the analysis. Due to tremendous amount of hydrostatic stress established in the vicinity of the crack tip, the effect of mean stress is accounted for in the onset for plastic flow. The J 2 −I 1 non-associate flow rule is incorporated in the incremental analysis employing the isoparametric finite element method with displacement formulation. When the stage of global instability is approached, the possible formation of a secondary crack in front of the primary crack is demonstrated by the use of strain energy density criterion. Also, the size effect on the crack resistance curve is established at the end for the unaged maraging steel.
The Use of Tris(Trimethylsilyl)Arsine to Prepare AlAs, GaAs and InAs. The X-Ray Crystal Structure of (Me3Si)3AsAlCl3.C7H8.

The reactions of (Me3Si)3As with group III halides have been utilized to prepare AlAs, GaAs and InAs. The adduct (Me3Si)3AsAlCl3 has been isolated as an intermediate in the formation of AlAs from (Me3Si)3As and AICI3. The crystal structure of its toluene solvate has been determined.
LANGUAGE TEACHING AND SKILL LEARNING.Keith Johnson. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996. Pp. vi + 198. $21.86 paper.

The purpose of this book is to establish that language learning and teaching are the same as skill learning and teaching. In other words, a parallel exists between the learning and teaching of linguistic behavior and nonlinguistic behavior. To this end, Johnson presents a variety of linguistic theories and learning models, including Universal Grammar and information processing. He states that the processes of proceduralization and declarativization of language are the main ones in language learning and that these issues must be addressed in order to establish an effective framework for teaching. In the final chapter, he examines how communicative language teaching and information-processing theory support each other.
Mobilization of the community through a behavioral approach: a school program for adjudicated females

Webster Hall, a community-based residential program for adjudicated adolescent females, is described. A behavioral approach was employed in successfully demonstrating the systematic mobilization of...
An HPLC assay for the lipophilic camptothecin analog AR-67 carboxylate and lactone in human whole blood

AR-67 (7-t-butyldimethylsilyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, DB-67) is a camptothecin analog currently in early stage clinical trials. The lactone moiety of camptothecins hydrolyzes readily in blood to yield the pharmacologically inactive carboxylate form. However the lactone form of third-generation lipophilic congeners, such as AR-67, is more stable, possibly due to partitioning into red cell membranes. This prompted us to develop a reverse-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection (excitation 380 nm/emission 560 nm), which could quantitate the concentration of AR-67 lactone and carboxylate in whole blood. Samples were prepared by red cell lysis, protein precipitation with methanol and centrifugation to remove denatured materials. Recovery was estimated to be >85%. Analytes were eluted isocratically with 0.15 m ammonium acetate buffer containing 10 mm TBAP (pH 6.5) and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) on a Nova-Pak C(18) column (4 µm; 3.9 × 150 mm). The assay was linear in the ranges 0.5-300 and 2.5-300 ng/mL for carboxylate and lactone, respectively. Accuracy and precision were acceptable. AR-67 forms were stable in whole blood and in methanolic supernatants. This assay has been successfully applied to measure AR-67 concentrations in whole blood of patients enrolled in a phase I study.
Pathways towards risk: syndemic conditions mediate the effect of adversity on HIV risk behaviors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Research shows that young men who have sex with men (YMSM) engage in higher rates of health risk behaviors and experience higher rates of negative health outcomes than their peers. The purpose of this study is to determine if the effects of adversity on HIV risk are mediated by syndemics (co-occurring health problems). Participants were 470 ethnically diverse YMSM ages 18 to 24 recruited between 2005 and 2006 and surveyed every 6 months for 24 months. Regression analyses examined the impact of adversity on syndemics (emotional distress, substance use, and problematic alcohol use) and the effects of both adversity and syndemics on HIV risk behaviors over time. Gay-related discrimination and victimization—among other adversity variables—were significantly associated with syndemics and condomless sex (CS). Syndemics mediated the effects of adversity on CS in all models. Adverse events impact HIV risk taking among YMSM through syndemics. These findings suggest that prevention programs aimed at reducing adversity may reduce both the synergistic effect of multiple psychosocial health problems and HIV risk taking.
β-Ketolactone synthons. Short efficient syntheses of jasmonoids.

Abstract The cyclopentanoid β-ketolactone 2 , serving as the equivalent of a specific enolate of a 3-alkyl cyclopentanone, has been converted to several jasmonoid substances.
PSYCHOL: A computer language for experimentation

Psychologists employing digital computers in the laboratory to control experimental procedure must construct programs. A language is described that incorporates many data representations and manipulations useful in presenting stimuli, collecting responses, and deciding the course of an experiment. PSYCHOL is an extension to a subset of ALGOL, with data types extended to include simple lists, strings of text, historic variables, and responses. Timing mechanisms, stimulus presentation, and data recording instructions expand the operations available within the language.
Penalized Likelihood Principal Component Rotation for Enhanced Interpretation

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTPrincipal component analysis provides a ready exploratory tool for multivariate data when a priori models are unavailable. The objective is to assign interpretations to the components that provide intuition and serve as a guide for further exploration. However, principal components based on small samples are subject to high sampling variation that can obscure straightforward interpretations. Ad hoc techniques like Varimax rotation can enhance interpretability, at the expense of possibly losing fidelity to the data. These problems are alleviated if rotation criteria are instead used as penalty functions in a maximum penalized likelihood setting. Advantageous features of this approach include a smooth continuum of possible rotations, preferential rotation of components that are poorly defined, and a way to measure fidelity of rotated components to the data. Some computational challenges inherent in this technique have been alleviated by recent developments in algorithms for optimization sub...
Differences in Patient-Reported Experiences of Care by Race and Acculturation Status

Patient-reported experiences of care are an important focus in health disparities research. This study explored the association of patient-reported experiences of care with race and acculturation status in a primary care setting. 881 adult patients (African-American 34 %; Hispanic—classified as unacculturated or biculturated—31 %; Caucasian 33 %; missing race 2 %), in outpatient Family Medicine clinics, completed a written survey in Spanish or English. Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Clinician & Group (CAG) Survey Adult Primary Care instrument was used for experiences of care and Short Form-12 survey for health status. Controlling for other variables, race and acculturation were significantly associated with several CAG subscales. Hispanic patients gave significantly higher ratings for care experiences and expressed greater interest in shared decision making. Selected patient-reported measures of care are associated with patients’ race and acculturation status (for Hispanic patients). We discuss implications for both provision and measurement of quality care.
A Comprehensive Model For The Intrinsic Transmission Properties Of Optical Windows

A comprehensive model for the intrinsic transmissionproperties of optical windowsMichael E. Thomas and Richard I. JosephThe Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20707 -6090ABSTRACTCurrent applications of optical window materials require a compre-hensive characterization of the index of refraction and absorption coeffi-cient as a function of frequency and temperature. General models ofmultiphonon absorption and one -phonon resonances are used to char-acterize the complex index of refraction of polar crystals. Experimentaldata from 100 to 5000 cm -1 at a variety of temperatures are used todetermine physically meaningful parameters in the models. Extrapola-tions outside the experimental range of temperature and frequencies arevalid. Thus, the model is of great utility. A review of the theory usedin this model is given. Results of the application of the model to oxides,fluorides, and alkali halides are also presented. The absorption coeffi-cient from 105 to 10 -5 cm - ' and the index of refraction from radiofrequency to visible are obtained.1. INTRODUCTIONModern applications of infrared technology require a comprehensivecharacterization of optical materials as a function of temperature and
Cretin—a radiative transfer capability for laboratory plasmas

Abstract This paper describes the multi-dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium simulation code Cretin. Cretin self-consistently combines atomic kinetics and radiation transport in a framework suitable for modeling laboratory plasmas. This paper describes the formulations present in the code, illustrating their use in several applications.
Changes in neuronal activity in association cortex of the cat in relation to sleep and wakefulness.

Abstract Spontaneous discharges of single neurons in an association area of the cerebral cortex of the cat were studied during natural sleep and wakefulness. Consistent modifications in firing patterns occurred as concomitants of shifts from one behavioral state to another. With the behavioral shift from arousal or quiet wakefulness to intermediate and deep sleep (spindle wave sleep and high-voltage slow-wave sleep), 85.3% of the neurons decreaaed the discharge rate. With the transition from deep sleep to REM sleep (paradoxical sleep), most units (94.8%) increased the discharge rate. During arousal and quiet wakefulness, the neuronal discharge was characterized by relatively regular discharge patterns. During intermediate and deep sleep, the temporal pattern was characterized by sporadic bursts and intervening long silent periods. Wide variation occurred in the temporal arrangement of the discharge sequences from one neuron to another. During REM sleep the tendency to discharge in clusters with occasional long inactive periods was characteristically decreased. There was then typically a relatively regular discharge sequence.
A Smart Domestic Hot Water Buffer

Demand response is seen as a key technology to help the introduction of large volumes of intermittent renewable energy and to help mitigate the effects of the increasing load on the electricity distribution grid. A large and diverse number of control mechanisms are proposed for demand response, while multiple industrial companies are designing their own proprietary solutions. This situation demands for standardized and generalized interfaces for smart devices, i.e., interfaces based on as few indicators as possible that reflect the flexibility state, while hiding all implementation details and specifics of the device. Electric domestic hot water buffers are devices that inherently contain a lot of flexibility, i.e., the charging can be shifted without impact on the comfort of the user. This article presents four key indicators for domestic hot water buffers that meet above requirements: P, the rated power, Emax, the energy required to fully charge the buffer, SoC, the state of charge, and Emin , the energy required before the SoC increases. The correct behavior of these key indicators has been validated by means of simulations and measurements on a lab prototype. The integration of the smart buffer into a time of use demand response system is demonstrated with a test setup and measurement results.
The effect of hypothermic doses of 1-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on biogenic amine metabolism in selected parts of the rat brain

Abstract Hypothalamic and brainstem biogenic amine metabolism was investigated in rats following the administration of hypothermic doses of 1-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The dose-dependent fall in body temperature induced by THC was both rapid in onset and prolonged in duration. The disruption in thermoregulation, however, was unaccompanied by any observed alteration in the concentration of turnover rate of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain tissues studied. Norepinephrine (NE) was also unchanged, with the exception of a reduction in the amount of brainstem NE 30 min after the administration of 50 mg/kg THC. These observations indicate that the hypothermic effect of THC is not mediated by changes in brain 5-HT or NE metabolism.
Hypergolic Bipropellant Spray Combustion and Flow Modelling in Rocket Engines

A predictive tool for hypergolic bipropellant spray combustion and flow evolution in small rocket combustion chambers is described. It encompasses a computational technique for the gas-phase governing equations, a discrete particle method for liquid bipropellant sprays, and constitutive models for combustion chemistry, interphase exchanges, and unlike impinging hypergolic spray interactions. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenological modeling of the hypergolic liquid bipropellant gasification processes. Sample computations with the N2H4-N2O4 propellant system are given in order to show some of the capabilities and inadequacies of this tool.
Phase I/II trial of gemcitabine plus docetaxel in advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Introduction: The poor prognosis of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as the significant toxicity from many conventional cytotoxic regimens warrants the investigation of combinations of new active agents for treatment. This is a phase I–II (dose-finding, efficacy, and toxicity) study of docetaxel + gemcitabine in patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC without prior systemic therapy. Patients were treated in cohorts of 3 with alternating increasing doses of docetaxel and gemcitabine at each level. Patients: Fifty patients were entered, of which 49 were eligible including 28 males and 21 females; 15 stage IIIB and 34 stage IV; median age 57 yrs (35–74). Results: The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) was docetaxel 60 mg/m2 day 1 and gemcitabine 750 mg/m2 d1 & 8, every 21 days. The overall response rate is 20%. Eight patients are not formally assessable for response due to early discontinuation or loss to follow-up and are considered to have progressive disease. The median time to progression (TTP) is 3.5 months (1–25), with 11 pts with at least 7 months TTP. There were 10 pts (20%) with a partial response (PR); 18 (37%) maintained stable disease; 21 (43%) had progressive disease (PD) or were not assessable. Toxicity: Forty-nine patients are evaluable for assessment for toxicity: Grade (Gr) 3/4 toxicity was documented thus: 14 with neutropenia, 1 with anemia, 1 with nausea, 2 liver function, 2 dyspnea, 2 fatigue, 1 allergy, 1 neurologic. Conclusion: This regimen is well tolerated and results in phase I–II testing in this patient population warrant further consideration of the study of docetaxel + gemcitabine for advanced NSCLC.
Pulsatile fully developed flow in rectangular channels

Abstract Solutions for pulsatile fully developed flow of Newtonian viscous fluid in a straight rectangular channel can be synthesized from analytic solutions of steady flow and oscillatory flow. A new steady solution is presented that is valid for all duct aspect ratios. Also new oscillatory solutions are given, showing dependence on a “viscous diffusion length”, the square root of the kinematic viscosity divided by frequency.
Exercise—Promoting healthy lifestyles in children and adolescents

Regular physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. However, despite the noted short- and long-term health benefits associated with physical activity, monitoring and surveillance studies show that a significant percentage of children and adolescents fail to meet the recommended guideline of 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily. This review examines key evidence from the public health and health promotion literature on promotion of health-enhancing physical activity in children and adolescents. We describe best practice in three key behavior settings—schools, homes, and health care settings. In school-based settings, it has been shown that physical education programs can be modified to increase the percentage of class time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In the home setting, there is evidence that teaching parents to establish and monitor physical activity goals and provide appropriate rewards for meeting these goals results in gains in physical activity and/or physical fitness. In health care settings, evidence from two studies suggests that physician-based counseling coupled with stage appropriate written materials can be effective among adolescent youth.
Evolutionary psychology and feminism.

This article provides a historical context of evolutionary psychology and feminism, and evaluates the contributions to this special issue of Sex Roles within that context. We briefly outline the basic tenets of evolutionary psychology and articulate its meta-theory of the origins of gender similarities and differences. The article then evaluates the specific contributions: Sexual Strategies Theory and the desire for sexual variety; evolved standards of beauty; hypothesized adaptations to ovulation; the appeal of risk taking in human mating; understanding the causes of sexual victimization; and the role of studies of lesbian mate preferences in evaluating the framework of evolutionary psychology. Discussion focuses on the importance of social and cultural context, human behavioral flexibility, and the evidentiary status of specific evolutionary psychological hypotheses. We conclude by examining the potential role of evolutionary psychology in addressing social problems identified by feminist agendas.