cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citizenship, Social Capital, and Spatial Assimilation of Highly Skilled Labor and Location Choice

In this chapter, we explain the differences in the location choices of science and engineering (SE for example, they are required to remain employed by their sponsor company for a certain period before they are allowed to apply for permanent residency. We focus on this latter group in the next chapter. Overall, in this chapter we connect immigrant assimilation to employee ethnicity and high-skilled labor mobility, a task that has not been previously tackled. We argue that location choice and spatial assimilation are intertwined in ways that determine the ethnic groupings of employees across space. In this study, we aim to learn the factors that determine such groupings. Specifically, we aim to find out how, for example, one’s social capital (here, we define social capital as one’s social networks, which include, for example, family and friends along with colleagues) as wellas ethnicity, skill level, and family background affect location choice and a particular geographical grouping. To achieve this task, we employ a data set of scientists and engineers with doctorate degrees, which we obtained from the 2001 Survey of Doctorate Recipients in the United States (SDR), a longitudinal panel survey, by the National Science
Sex differences in response to ketamine as a rapidly acting intervention for treatment resistant depression.

Abstract Background While ketamine has been increasingly studied for treatment resistant depression (TRD), the impact of sex differences on treatment outcomes has not been well studied. The objective was to ascertain whether there were differences in response to a single administration of ketamine for TRD between men and women, and between pre- and post-menopausal women. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (N = 99; N = 50 male; N = 49 female) was conducted to investigate the efficacy of intravenous ketamine versus active placebo as augmentation of antidepressant therapy for TRD. Patients were assigned to one of five arms; one-time administration of ketamine of varying doses (i.e., 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg), and one group receiving active placebo (intravenous midazolam). A priori-planned analyses were conducted to compare responses between women and men, as well pre-vs. postmenopausal women. Results Analyses demonstrated no significant differences between women and men in terms of treatment response (F(1,80) = 0.06, p = 0.80). There were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse effects (AEs) reported by those assigned to ketamine treatment groups (p > 0.21 for all AEs reported more than once), although women reported more headaches (12% vs. 6%, p = 0.30) and nausea (10% vs. 6%, p = 0.47). In comparing pre-vs. postmenopausal women, no differences in efficacy were observed (F(1,76) = 0.36, p = 0.55). Conclusions Results do not support differential efficacy or tolerability of ketamine for the treatment of TRD between women and men, nor based on menopause status among women. However, larger trials with these a priori aims are needed to confirm these results.
A genetic variant in PIK3R1 is associated with pancreatic cancer survival in the Chinese population

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies with few early detection tests or effective therapies. PI3K‐AKT signaling is recognized to modulate cancer progression. We previously identified that a genetic variant in PKN1 increased pancreatic cancer risk through the PKN1/FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway. In order to investigate the associations between genetic variations in that pathway and pancreatic cancer prognosis, we conducted a two‐stage survival analysis in a total of 547 Chinese pancreatic cancer patients. Consequently, a variant, rs13167294 A>C in PIK3R1, was significantly associated with poor survival in both stages and with hazard ratio being 1.32 (95% CI = 1.13‐1.56, P = 0.0007) in the combined analysis. Function annotation and prediction suggested that genetic variants in this locus might affect overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients by regulating PIK3R1 expression.
The Fingerprints of Fraud: Evidence from Mexico’s 1988 Presidential Election

This paper investigates the opportunities for non-democratic regimes to rely on fraud by documenting the alteration of vote tallies during the 1988 presidential election in Mexico. In particular, I study how the alteration of vote returns came after an electoral reform that centralized the vote-counting process. Using an original image database of the vote-tally sheets for that election and applying Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to analyze the sheets, I find evidence of blatant alterations in about a third of the tallies in the country. This empirical analysis shows that altered tallies were more prevalent in polling stations where the opposition was not present and in states controlled by governors with grassroots experience of managing the electoral operation. This research has implications for understanding the ways in which autocrats control elections as well as for introducing a new methodology to audit the integrity of vote tallies.
A New Tool for the Design and Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks

In this issue of Matter, Hong-Cai “Joe” Zhou and coworkers demonstrate novel sequential linker labilization and reinstallation as a convenient tool for the rational design of robust metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), enabling precise control of size and functionalization.
CRNs Exposed: Systematic Exploration of Chemical Reaction Networks.

Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical reaction networks (CRNs) which formalizes coupled chemical reactions in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are pivotal for our understanding of biological regulatory and metabolic networks, as well as for programming engineered molecular behavior. Although it is clear that small CRNs are capable of complex dynamics and computational behavior, it remains difficult to explore the space of CRNs in search for desired functionality. We use Alloy, a tool for expressing structural constraints and behavior in software systems, to enumerate CRNs with declaratively specified properties. We show how this framework can enumerate CRNs with a variety of structural constraints including biologically motivated catalytic networks and metabolic networks, and seesaw networks motivated by DNA nanotechnology. We also use the framework to explore analog function computation in rate-independent CRNs. By computing the desired output value with stoichiometry rather than with reaction rates (in the sense that $X \to Y+Y$ computes multiplication by $2$), such CRNs are completely robust to the choice of reaction rates or rate law. We find the smallest CRNs computing the max, minmax, abs and ReLU (rectified linear unit) functions in a natural subclass of rate-independent CRNs where rate-independence follows from structural network properties.
Addition of Efficiency Measures to Current Accuracy Measures in the Vascular Laboratory Can Be Used for Future Accreditation and Payment Models.

Background The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) brings with it increased regulatory requirements not traditionally addressed by standard vascular laboratory accreditation, which is based on accuracy. The new quality improvement project of the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC) may satisfy an improvement activity (IA) of the MACRA. We hypothesize that other IAs in the MACRA such as timeliness of test results or patient care quality performance requirements can be met by analyzing data already being collected by the vascular laboratory. After a process improvement strategy, we chose to review progress in our vascular laboratory related to time to interpretation (TI), patient check-in to study completion (study time), wait time for first available outpatient venous duplex scan (wait time), technologist productivity, and critical results reporting. Methods Data from our hospital-based vascular laboratory were collected from 2010 to 2016. TI was collected through our reporting software VascuPro (Consensus Medical), and study time and wait time were obtained from electronic medical records (EMR) (Epic). Technologist productivity was calculated by commercially available productivity tools, and compliance with critical results reporting was calculated quarterly as per our quality assurance program. Appropriateness of carotid duplex scan testing was performed by expert review of International Classification of Disease codes used to request the test. Results TI analysis comprised 91,352 studies with a mean of 3.3 hr between test completion and final interpretation. The TI improved from 5.0 to 2.1 hr on weekdays and was longer on weekends (4.9 hr; P Conclusions TI and study time improved; wait time and critical results reporting remained steady. Most of the data are readily available in a vascular laboratory standard EMR. The plan–do–study–act (PDSA or Shewhart Cycle) principle is critical to process improvement and needed as we transition from traditional accreditation mostly based on test accuracy to one demanding efficiency, timeliness, patient satisfaction, productivity, accountability, and appropriateness of testing. Process improvement studies will improve patient care and satisfaction, increase efficiency and throughput, while satisfying changing IAC standards and preparing for upcoming regulatory requirements of the MACRA.
The re‐occurrence of cardiomyopathy in propionic acidemia after liver transplantation

Cardiomyopathy is a frequent complication of propionic acidemia (PA). It is often fatal, and its occurrence is largely independent of classic metabolic treatment modalities. Liver transplantation (LT) is a treatment option for severe PA as the liver plays a vital role in metabolism of the precursors that accumulate in patients with PA. LT in PA is now considered to be a long-lasting and valid treatment to prevent cardiac disease. The subject of this report had severe cardiomyopathy that largely disappeared prior to undergoing a LT. Three years following the transplant, there was recurrence of cardiomyopathy following a surgery that was complicated with a postoperative aspiration pneumonia. On his last hospital admission, he was presented with pulmonary edema and heart failure. He continued with episodes of intractable hypotension, despite maximum inotropic and diuretic support. He died following redirection of care. We conclude that lethal cardiomyopathy may develop several years after successful LT in patients with PA.
Employing qualitative research interviews to understand urban forestry stakeholder continuing education needs

To build deeper knowledge regarding urban forestry issues and familiarity with programming audiences, a multi-year needs-assessment was conducted by initiating qualitative stakeholder research inte...
Evaluation of postoperative anastomotic strictures in infants with esophageal atresia

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment for postoperative esophageal stricture in children with esophagem atresia.Methods Fifty-three cases with EA Who underwent operations from 1999 to 2007 were followed up.The clinical symptoms of dysphagia and the feeling of esophageal foreign body were recorded.The development of patients was evaluated by the standard month-weight list.Patients with the symptoms of dysphagia or the feeling of esophageal foreign body were examined under esophagogram or gastroscope,and treated by balloon dilation.Results Twenty-nine(34.94%)patients were diagnosed as anastomotic strictures by X-ray esophagogram or gastroscopy.Twelve cases with mild stricture accepted balloon dilations under gastroscopy,while those with severe stricture were treated by balloon dilation under X-ray esophagogram.The symptoms of 27 (93.10%)cases were significantly relieved after dilation.One case(3.45%)was cured by a nitinolalloy self-expanding esophageal stent with satisfactory recovery until 2 weeks later.One case(3.45%)had the complication of esophageal perforation.Conclusions Balloon dilation is an effective method to treat postoperative esophageal stricture.Early diagnosis,closely investigation and actively intervention play an important role in improving life qualities of patients with EA who have the complication of postoperative esophageal stricture. Key words: Esophageal atresia; Esophageal stenosis
Delivery of pharmaceuticals and other active ingredients with their crystalline cyclodextrin inclusion compounds.

Abstract In honor of Prof. Thorsteinn Loftsson’s 70th birthday, we offer this personal review of our work using cyclodextrins (CDs) complexed with a variety of active ingredients, including pharmaceuticals, for the purpose of improving their delivery to polymer materials, e.g., fibers, films, hydrogels, etc. Using the affinity of CDs to host and form non-covalent inclusion complexes (ICs) with guest molecules, including a variety of high molecular weight polymers, it is possible to readily deliver these guest molecules into polymer materials via either melt or solution processing of their crystalline or soluble guest molecule-CD-ICs or -rotaxanes. This provides the following advantages: i. CDs are non-toxic, implantable, and biodegradable and have earned the GRAS rating from the FDA. ii. Guest molecules, even those that are neat liquids, can form solid crystalline CD-ICs that are thermally stable to ~ 200 °C and above. This approach permits facile melt-processing into polymer materials for delivery without migration, loss, or degradation of the active guest ingredient. iii. For guests harmful and toxic to their users and the environment, delivery in the form of crystalline CD-ICs can limit any contact with and release of the included toxic guests before they function and are used. iv. It has been demonstrated that, by simple precipitation methods, neat as-received CDs that adopt cage crystal structures can be readily transformed to their columnar crystal structures containing only water in their channels, which can be easily displaced by small molecule, as well as polymer guests. v. Guest-CD-rotaxanes are water soluble, they protect the threaded guest from sources of degradation, and the CD hydroxyl groups may be modified to direct the guest-CD-rotaxane to specific substrates. For these reasons, here we summarize our contributions to the study of CD inclusion and delivery of a variety of guest molecules, including antibacterials, spermicides, insecticides, flame retardants, and dyes, that can more usefully functionalize polymer materials.
Wildland firefighter exposure to smoke and COVID-19: A new risk on the fire line.

Throughout the United States, wildland firefighters respond to wildfires, performing arduous work in remote locations. Wildfire incidents can be an ideal environment for the transmission of infectious diseases, particularly for wildland firefighters who congregate in work and living settings. In this review, we examine how exposure to wildfire smoke can contribute to an increased likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Human exposure to particulate matter (PM), a component of wildfire smoke, has been associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; increasing the likelihood for adverse respiratory symptomology and pathology. In multiple epidemiological studies, wildfire smoke exposure has been associated with acute lower respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Co-occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and wildfire smoke inhalation may present an increased risk for COVID-19 illness in wildland firefighters due to PM based transport of SARS CoV-2 virus and up-regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE-2) (i.e. ACE-2 functions as a trans-membrane receptor, allowing the SARS-CoV-2 virus to gain entry into the epithelial cell). Wildfire smoke exposure may also increase risk for more severe COVID-19 illness such as cytokine release syndrome, hypotension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Current infection control measures, including social distancing, wearing cloth masks, frequent cleaning and disinfecting of surfaces, frequent hand washing, and daily screening for COVID-19 symptoms are very important measures to reduce infections and severe health outcomes. Exposure to wildfire smoke may introduce additive or even multiplicative risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of disease in wildland firefighters. Thus, additional mitigative measures may be needed to prevent the co-occurrence of wildfire smoke exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Undoing resilience: immigrant status and poor health following incarceration.

In the United States, foreign-born persons often have better health outcomes than their native-born peers, despite exposure to adversity. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this pattern extends to the consequences of life events, such as incarceration, that separate immigrants from their supportive networks and increase exposure to adversity. Accordingly, using four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, hierarchical generalized linear models were used to examine within-individual changes in self-rated health following first incarceration (N = 31,202 person-waves). The results showed that incarceration was associated with modest health declines that were similar in magnitude for immigrant and native-born persons. Supplemental analyses revealed that these effects did not vary by immigrant race or ethnicity, or by age at immigration. The only exception was for immigrants from low- and middle-income countries, who were marginally less likely to experience health declines following incarceration. In general, incarceration appears to be similarly health damaging for immigrants and non-immigrants. These findings raise important questions about how incarceration is linked to health declines for foreign- and native-born populations and emphasize the importance of access to healthcare for individuals released from correctional facilities. More research is needed, however, to further examine the cumulative impacts of incarceration on immigrants’ health across the life course, and to assess a broader spectrum of health outcomes.
Anachronism by Design: Understanding Young Adults’ Perceptions of Computer Iconography

Abstract Computer iconography in desktop operating systems and applications has evolved in style but, in many cases, not in substance for decades. For example, in many applications, a 3.5" floppy diskette icon still represents the “Save” function. But many of today's young adult computer users grew up without direct physical experience of floppy diskettes and many of the other objects that are represented by enduring legacy icons. In this article, we describe a multi-part study conducted to gain an understanding of young adults’ perceptions of computer iconography, and to possibly update that iconography based on young adults’ current mental models. To carry out this work, we gathered a set of 39 icons found on common desktop operating systems and applications and also recruited 30 young adults aged 18–22. In the first part of our study, an end-user elicitation study, we asked participants to propose sketches of icons they deemed most appropriate to trigger the functions associated with our selected icons. We elicited a total of 3,590 individual icon sketches and grouped these into a set of participant-generated icons. In the second part of our study, an end-user identification study, we showed participants the 39 icons from current operating systems and asked them to name the computing functions triggered when those icons were selected. We also asked them to identify the real-world objects, if any, those icons represented, and to tell us about their personal experiences with those objects. Finally, we conducted a second identification study with 60 new participants from Amazon's Mechanical Turk on the set of participant-generated icons we obtained from the first part of our study to see how recognizable our young adults’ sketched icons were. Our study results highlight 20 anachronistic icons currently found on desktop operating systems in need of redesign. Our results also show that with increased icon production, the chances for anachronism significantly decrease, supporting the “production principle” in elicitation studies. Furthermore, our results include an updated set of icons derived from our young adult participants. This work contributes an approach to using end-user elicitation to understand users, user interface design, and specifically, icon design.
Sub-optimal Consensus Control Design for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with $\theta-D$ Approximation Algorithm

In this paper, a class of cooperative tracking (leader-follower form) problems of multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics is investigated with an optimal control formulation. By employing the $\theta-D$ approximation algorithm to solve the Hamilton-Jacob-Bellman (HJB) equation, a distributed suboptimal consensus controller is designed with a closed-form solution, which facilitates real-time implementation. Based on the communication topology, the states of all followers can be synchronized with those of leaders. Semiglobal asymptotic stability can be achieved with these distributed controllers. A satellite docking example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear consensus control.
Exposure reasons, other substance use, and medical outcomes of poison control center cases aged 50+ involving opioids, 2015-2020.

Context Rates of prescription opioid (PO) prescribing and filling remain high, and illicit opioid (IO) use has increased among late middle-aged and older adults. Research on PO and IO poisoning and their impacts among these age groups is needed. Methods Data came from 2015 to 2020 poison control center cases aged 50+ (N = 83,135). We used χ2 tests to examine changes over the study period in the numbers of PO and IO cases, type of opioids used, exposure reasons, and medical outcomes. We fit multinomial logistic regression models to examine the associations of medical outcomes with exposure reasons and other medication/substance involvement. Results Between 2015/2016 and 2020, the numbers and shares of PO-only cases steadily declined, but IO cases, with or without PO, nearly tripled, constituting almost 10% of all PCC opioid cases aged 50+ in 2020. The rates of intentional misuse/abuse increased among both PO-only and IO (with/without PO) cases during the study period, and the death rate among IO cases sharply increased in 2020. Compared to adverse reactions or other unintentional exposures, intentional misuse/abuse and suspected suicides were associated with significantly higher risks of serious outcomes (e.g., risk of death from intentional misuse/abuse: RRR = 22.11, 95% CI = 16.74-29.20 in PO-only cases and RRR = 6.95, 95% CI = 2.37-20.39 in IO cases with/without PO). The use of most other medications and substances was also significantly associated with serious outcomes. Discussion Among older adults, medical outcomes in opioid poisoning cases have become more serious in recent years as intentional misuse/abuse became more common. Opioid use disorder treatment should be readily available and accessible, and alternatives to PO prescribing should be considered. Conclusions Among individuals aged 50+, PO poisoning cases decreased, but IO cases increased sharply from 2015 to 2020 with concomitant increases in intentional misuse/abuse and serious medical outcomes.
Quantum Theoretical Methods for Calculating Ionization Cross Sections

The electron impact ionization of atoms and ions is a topic of both fundamental and practical importance in modern atomic physics. From a practical standpoint, estimates of the rates of ionization of highly charged ions in high temperature plasmas are important components of models of the structure and dynamics of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. Theoretical modeling of the complex ionic transport mechanisms observed in fusion plasma machines demands that rates for the relevant atomic processes be known. Since the ionization rate along with the associated recombination rates govern the charge state structure of plasmas, they are also important for the prediction of the spectral distribution of radiation from hot plasmas.
Spectroscopic Theory of the Solvent Cage

The solvent cage concept of photochemistry is translated into spectroscopic language by an extension of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The intermolecular perturbation of the solute modes is taken as the barrier to viscous flow in the solvent cage. It was shown that novel phenomenological consequences in the spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules in rigid solvent matrices can be predicted. Explicit consideration was given to molecular torsional potentials, the Dushinsky potential, the hydrogen-bonding potential, and a variety of molecular potentials in the region of large intermolecular distortions.
Effect of neurotensin on gut mucosal growth in rats with jejunal and ileal Thiry-Vella fistulas.

Abstract Neurotensin (NT) stimulates growth of normal and atrophic small bowel mucosa; the mechanisms for this trophic effect of NT are not completely known. The purpose of this study was to (a) determine whether the trophic effect of NT is mediated by mechanisms involving luminal or nonluminal factors and (b) determine whether NT exerts a differential trophic effect on either jejunal or ileal mucosa. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent construction of either a jejunal or ileal Thiry-Vella fistula (TVF). After a 1-week recovery period, rats were further subdivided into groups to receive either saline (control) or NT (300 μg/kg). Rats were killed on day 6, and TVF as well as corresponding segments of intact jejunum or ileum were removed. Mucosa was scraped, weighed, and analyzed for DNA and protein content. In addition, representative sections of full-thickness bowel from each group were examined histologically. In the jejunal TVF group, NT increased mucosal growth measurements in both the TVF and the intact jejunum. However, in the ileal TVF group, NT stimulated proliferation of intact ileal mucosa only; it had no effect on ileal mucosa in the TVF. These results suggest that NT exerts a systemic effect independent of luminal factors on the proliferation of proximal gut mucosa in addition to an indirect effect produced by stimulation of endogenous luminal secretions. In contrast, an indirect mechanism appears to be the predominant action of NT on growth of distal gut mucosa.
Biological properties of streptococcal cell-wall particles. I. Determinants of the chronic nodular lesion of connective tissue.

Abstract Schwab, John H. (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill). Biological properties of streptococcal cell-wall particles. I. Determinants of the chronic nodular lesion of connective tissue. J. Bacteriol. 90:1405–1411. 1965.—The capacity of cell-wall fragments to induce a chronic remittent nodular lesion after a single injection into rabbit skin varies qualitatively as well as quantitatively among the streptococci. This variation among strains is the result of a summation of several properties of the bacterial cell, some intrinsic and others extrinsic to the cell-wall structure. With some species, the inability to produce this lesion may be related to the susceptibility of cell walls to lysozyme. Other factors defined in this paper include production of hyaluronidase, and association of the cell walls with a component which can affect the interval between injection and appearance of the nodules, called the latent time. Separation of cell-wall fragments from more soluble cell material by centrifugation results in a shorter latent time. Addition of the soluble supernatant fraction back to the cell walls prolongs the latent time and increases the area of lesion involvement. This latter effect is due to a spreading factor present in most cell extracts. Addition of hyaluronidase to isolated cell-wall fragments duplicates the increased lesion area but tends to shorten further the latent time. Thus, the soluble cell extract contains both a spreading factor and a component which prolongs the latent time, and the final influence on the lesion is in part a product of these two activities. The ease and extent of mechanical disintegration of the cell wall can also vary widely among strains and yield cell extracts differing in their content of cell-wall fragments of optimal size.
Topical NSAID formulations.

Objective This article reviews topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) formulations available in the United States, including advantages and disadvantages, therapeutic usefulness, adverse effects, and formulation considerations. Results In the United States, several topical NSAID products are approved to treat painful conditions including diclofenac sodium 1% gel (Voltaren Gel®; Endo Pharmaceuticals), diclofenac sodium topical solution 1.5% w/w in 45.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (PENNSAID®; Mallinckrodt, Inc.), and diclofenac epolamine 1.3% (Flector Patch®; Alpharma Pharmaceuticals LLC, a subsidiary of Pfizer, Inc.). Recent studies suggest topical diclofenac preparations are effective for osteoarthritis pain and suggest the efficacy of topical formulations is similar to that achieved with oral NSAID formulations. All NSAID formulations contain the same boxed warnings regarding cardiovascular and renal toxicity; however, topical NSAIDs are proposed to have a more favorable safety profile than oral NSAIDs due to the low serum concentrations achieved with topical NSAID formulations. Conclusions Topical NSAIDs have been shown to be beneficial from both a therapeutics and adverse effect perspective, and are increasingly recommended in treatment guidelines.
Solder joint reliability of a thin small outline package (TSOP)

The reliability of 0.5 mm pitch, 32-pin thin small outline package (TSOP) solder joints was studied by experimental temperature cycling and a cost-effective 3D nonlinear finite element analysis. Temperature cycling results were presented as a Weibull distribution, and an acceleration factor was established for predicting the failure rate at operating conditions. The thermal fatigue life of the corner solder joints was estimated based on the calculated plastic strain the Coffin-Manson law, and isothermal fatigue data on solders. A correlation between the experimental and analytical results was also made. Failure analysis of the solder joints was performed using scanning electron microscopy and an optical method. A quantitative comparison between the Type-I and Type-II TSOP solder joints is presented. >
Journal impact and proximity: An assessment using bibliographic features

Journals in the Information Science & Library Science category of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) were compared using both bibliometric and bibliographic features. Data collected covered journal impact factor (JIF), number of issues per year, number of authors per article, longevity, editorial board membership, frequency of publication, number of databases indexing the journal, number of aggregators providing full-text access, country of publication, JCR categories, Dewey decimal classification, and journal statement of scope. Three features significantly correlated with JIF: number of editorial board members and number of JCR categories in which a journal is listed correlated positively; journal longevity correlated negatively with JIF. Coword analysis of journal descriptions provided a proximity clustering of journals, which differed considerably from the clusters based on editorial board membership. Finally, a multiple linear regression model was built to predict the JIF based on all the collected bibliographic features.
The nature of fault exposure ratio

The fault exposure ratio K is an important factor that controls the per-fault hazard rate, and hence the effectiveness of software testing. The paper examines the variations of K with fault density which declines with testing time. Because faults get harder to find, K should decline if testing is strictly random. However, it is shown that at lower fault densities K tends to increase, suggesting that real testing is more efficient than random testing. Data sets from several different projects are analyzed. Models for the two factors controlling K are suggested, which jointly lead to the logarithmic model. >
Artifacts in sample preparation of transmission electron microscopy

Two types of typical artifacts induced by ion milling, damage on the surface and temperature elevation, were investigated. The ion-induced damage layer on the surface reached as high as 3.46 nm when 5 keV argon ions were bombarded at 75 degrees of incidence from the surface normal of Si(001). Cleaning up the surface using 250 eV argon ions could minimize the surface damage close to the level of natural oxide thickness. The local temperature was measured from samples with thermocouples mounted in two different ways. The temperature reached 296°C when a single ion gun was used to mill the sample at 5 keV with 80 degrees of incidence angle, while the sample with thick substrate was heated up to 198°C. A gold thin film was investigated to confirm the ion beam-induced annealing as an artifact. Possible ways to reduce the thermal load in the sample are suggested.
Symmetric and symmetry-broken Hartree–Fock solutions of one-dimensional models

Pariser–Parr–Pople Hartree–Fock crystal orbital calculations (both restricted and unrestricted versions) are performed for one-dimensional models of π-electron polymers. The π-electron band structures corresponding to symmetric and nonsymmetric solutions have been calculated. To investigate the influence of the form of the interelectronic interaction, the calculations were performed with the Mataga–Nishimoto (MN) formula and a modified Mataga–Nishimoto (MMN) formula for two-electron integrals. We have found that curves of the points of the minimum total energy per unit cell for the alternating models are very similar, but band structures and energy gaps are quite different when the MN formula was substituted with the MMN formula for two-electron integrals.
Increased Phosphorylation of Myofilament Proteins after Stretch in Rabbit Ventricular Myocardium

After a change in muscle length, there is an immediate intrinsic response in the amount of developed force, followed by a slower response. Although it has been well documented that the slow force response is at least in part generated by modification of calcium handling, it is unclear whether regulation at the level of the myofilaments occurs during the slow force response. We set out to investigate myofilament calcium sensitivity and phosphorylation status of myofilament proteins after a step-wise change in cardiac muscle length. Ultra-thin right ventricular intact trabeculae were isolated from New Zealand White rabbit hearts and iontophoretically loaded with the calcium indicator bis-fura-2. Twitch force-calcium relationships and steady state force-[Ca2+]i relationships were measured at slack and optimal muscle lengths at 37°C using potassium induced contractures. The EC50 significantly decreased with increase in muscle length, from 1467±271 nM at the shortest muscle length to 653±121 nM at the longest muscle length. Maximal active force development significantly increased from 19.7±2.7 mN/mm2 at the shortest muscle length to 51.8±5.0 mN/mm2 at the longest muscle length. No significant change in the myofilament cooperativity coefficient was found. Phosphoprotein analysis using ratiometric analysis of Pro-Q diamond staining and Sypro-Ruby staining of the same gel, revealed increased phosphorylation of tropomyosin, troponin I, and myosin light chain-2 at longer muscle lengths. Since the immediate response is seen virtually instantaneously, and post-translational modifications cannot occur within that timeframe, we hypothesize that these increases in phosphorylation occur during the slow response. Future studies will aim to elucidate the individual effects of the immediate response verses post-translational modifications during the slow response, and also determine to what extent increased phosphorylation of tropomyosin, troponin I, and myosin light chain-2 each play a role.
Rationale for the application of immediate load in implant dentistry: part II.

Immediate loading in implant dentistry is increasing in popularity as a clinical procedure. A scientific rationale of immediate occlusal loading of the implant support system should emphasize methods to decrease surgical trauma during implant placement and to decrease bone loading trauma during the early loading period. The surgical trauma may be reduced by decreasing heat generation and pressure necrosis. The early loading trauma may be decreased by decreasing the bone strain adjacent to the implant interface. Greater microstrain conditions in bone increase the remodeling rate of bone. The higher the remodeling rate, the weaker the bone and the more risk of occlusal overload. Occlusal overload may lead to implant failure. Since strain is directly related to stress, methods to decrease stress are beneficial. In the present report, the stress-reducing influences include increasing the number of implants.
Abstract P2-06-04: p300 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting pro-metastatic microRNA pathways

The histone acetyltransferase p300 is an important epigenetic factor known to regulate gene silencing, DNA repair, and cell cycle. Altered p300 expression is linked to cancerous phenotypes and has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Existing anti-cancer therapies such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat, valproic acid, trichostatin A) are known to affect p300 levels and activity. Understanding how p300 affects cancerous and metastatic development is crucial to optimizing and advancing these treatments. However, whether p300 acts as a tumor suppressor or promoter is still controversial. To address this issue, we stably knocked down p300 levels in MCF-7, BT 474 and MDA MB 231 to 30-40% endogenous levels to directly examine p3009s effects on tumorigenicity. Our experiments show loss of p300 significantly increased cell motility in the scratch assay (p To identify targets of p300 that might regulate its anti-tumor effect, we observed that miR-let-7c was downregulated in KD-p300 MCF-7 by 70% (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-06-04.
Conditions governing the occurrence of supershear ruptures under slip-weakening friction

[1] A general theory for transitions between sub-Rayleigh and intersonic rupture speeds is developed for faults governed by slip-weakening friction. The transition occurs when stresses moving at intersonic speeds ahead of expanding or accelerating sub-Rayleigh ruptures exceed the peak strength of the fault, initiating slip within a daughter crack. Upon reaching a critical nucleation length, the daughter crack becomes dynamically unstable, expanding into a self-sustaining intersonic rupture. This mechanism holds in both two and three dimensions. On faults with uniform properties, the seismic S ratio [S = (τp − τ0)/(τ0 − τr)], a measure of the initial loading stress, τ0, relative to the peak and residual strengths, τp and τr, respectively, must be smaller than some critical value for the transition to occur. The maximum S value for unbounded faults in three dimensions is 1.19, smaller than the value of 1.77 that Andrews (1985) has shown to govern the transition in two dimensions. The supershear transition length (i.e., how far the rupture propagates before reaching intersonic speeds) is proportional to a length scale arising from the friction law governing the nucleation and stability of the daughter crack. A sufficiently narrow fault width suppresses the transition; the critical width is approximately 0.8 times the transition length on an unbounded fault. The transition length is highly sensitive to the form of the slip-weakening law even when the associated fracture energies are identical. Heterogeneous propagation, in the form of abrupt accelerations or increases in stress-release rate, induces stress-wave radiation that can trigger transient bursts of intersonic propagation.
The Curvilinear Relationship between Work Passion and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study examines the curvilinear relationship between harmonious and obsessive work passion and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as well as the moderating effect of collectivistic values. Using 233 paired supervisor-employee responses from Russia, I found that harmonious work passion and OCB are positively related up to a point, after which higher levels of harmonious work passion are associated with declining OCB. The main curvilinear effect of obsessive work passion on OCB was not significant. Collectivistic values were found to significantly interact with obsessive work passion but not harmonious work passion in the way they affect OCB. Employees who score high on collectivistic values tend to engage more in OCB than those who score low on collectivistic values. Interestingly, at low levels of collectivism, the inverted U-shaped curve illustrates the relations between obsessive passion and OCB changes into a U-shaped curve, suggesting that the highest engagement in OCB will no longer be observed at intermediate levels of obsessive work passion but rather at its lowest and highest levels. The findings contribute to work passion research and suggest that curvilinear rather than linear relationships may exist between work passion and work outcomes, which may account for the existing inconsistencies in the previous studies in regards to whether work passion-outcomes relationships are either positive or negative.
"Unknown Risks" of non-steroid topical medications for atopic dermatitis.

Introduction Tacrolimus ointment is a nonsteroid treatment for atopic dermatitis which is both effective and has a minimal side-effect profile. However, some clinicians may be reluctant to use tacrolimus ointment due to the “unknown risks”, meaning those that have not been uncovered in human studies conducted thus far. Therefore, the available animal data regarding the “unknown risks” of topical tacrolimus therapy are reviewed, and a discussion of the interpretation of this available but limited data is presented. Animal studies Some of the fear on the part of clinicians regarding the use of topical tacrolimus may come from the results of animal studies which showed an increase in lymphoma and UV-induced skin cancer after treatment with topical tacrolimus in animal models of carcinogenesis. However, rigorous assessment of these studies suggest that it is somewhat likely that these represent a species-specific response to tacrolimus in an animal already predisposed to tumor formation, and therefore may not be relevant in assessing the possibility of an increased human health risk. Conclusions Animal and human studies suggest that topical tacrolimus is a safe alternative to topical steroids, with the major known adverse effect being a transient burning sensation, compared with the known adverse effects of topical steroids, including long-lasting ones. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors, currently available data, including animal studies, does not suggest that “unknown risks” of topical tacrolimus need be any more concerning than the known side-effects of the topical steroids.
Re-examination of cumulative fatigue damage analysis—an engineering perspective

A method which has evolved in our laboratories for the past 20 yr is re-examined with the intent of improving its accuracy and simplicity of application to engineering problems. Several modifications are introduced both to the analytical formulation of the Damage Curve Approach, and to the procedure for modifying this approach to achieve a Double Linear Damage Rule formulation which immensely simplifies the calculation. Improvements are also introduced in the treatment of mean stress for determining fatigue life of the individual events that enter into a complex loading history. While the procedure is completely consistent with the results of numerous two level tests that have been conducted on many materials, it is still necessary to verify applicability to complex loading histories. Caution is expressed that certain phenomena can also influence the applicability - for example, unusual deformation and fracture modes inherent in complex loading - especially if stresses are multiaxial. Residual stresses at crack tips, and metallurgical factors are also important in creating departures from the cumulative damage theories; examples of departures are provided.
Molecular and genetic approaches to the analysis of the informational content of the mitochondrial genome in mammalian cells.

Our laboratory has been involved in the last few years in investigations aiming at analyzing by molecular approaches the informational content of the mitochondrial genome in mammalian cells and the mechanisms and control of its expression. HeLa cells and other mammalian cell lines have been utilized for these studies. These investigations, as well as work carried out in other laboratories, have yielded a considerable amount of information concerning the mechanism, products and regulation of transcription of mitochondrial DNA (mit-DNA), the apparatus and products of mitochondria-specific protein synthesis in animal cells, and the number and topology of the sites on mit-DNA which code for the primary gene products identified so far. It is the purpose of the present report to summarize the latest observations in this area, as well as some recent results on the isolation and characterization of chloramphenicol-resistant variants of a human cell line. Reference is made to previous review articles for the earlier work.
Quantum electrical dipole in triangular systems: A model for spontaneous polarity in metal clusters

Triangular symmetric molecules with mirror symmetry perpendicular to the threefold axis are forbidden to have a fixed electrical dipole moment. However, if the ground state is orbitally degenerate and lacks inversion symmetry, then a ``quantum'' dipole moment does exist. The system of three electrons in ${D}_{3h}$ symmetry is our example. This system is realized in triatomic molecules like ${\mathrm{Na}}_{3}$. Unlike the fixed dipole of a molecule like water, the quantum moment does not point in a fixed direction, but lies in the plane of the molecule and takes quantized values $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}$ along any direction of measurement in the plane. An electric field $\stackrel{P\vec}{F}$ in the plane leads to a linear Stark splitting $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}\ensuremath{\mid}\stackrel{P\vec}{F}\ensuremath{\mid}$. We introduce a toy model to study the effect of Jahn-Teller distortions on the quantum dipole moment. We find that the quantum dipole property survives when the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect is included if the distortion of the molecule is small. Linear Stark splittings are suppressed in low fields by molecular rotation, just as the linear Stark shift of water is suppressed, but will be revealed in moderately large applied fields and low temperatures. Coulomb correlations also give a partial suppression.
Supervised Low Rank Matrix Approximation for Stable Feature Selection

Increasing attention has been focused on the stability of selected features or selection stability, which is becoming a new measure in determining the effectiveness of a feature selection algorithm besides the learning performance. A recent study has shown that data characteristics play a significant role in selection stability. Hence, the solution to selection instability should begin with data. In this work, we propose a novel framework with a noise-reduction step before feature selection. Noise reduction is achieved via well-known low rank matrix approximation techniques (namely SVD and NMF) in a supervised manner to reduce data noise and variance between samples from the same class. The new framework is empirically shown to be highly effective with real high-dimensional datasets improving both selection stability and the precision of selecting relevant features while maintaining the classification accuracy for various feature selection methods.