cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends and Risk Factors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Nonsmoker Pregnant Women in Wisconsin, 2011-2016.

Background Secondhand smoke exposure can lead to serious health effects in vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. Studies report lower birth weight in pregnant women exposed to secondhand smoke. Methods We examined trends and risk factors of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy among nonsmoker pregnant women in Wisconsin from 2011 to 2016 using data extracted from the Wisconsin Interactive Statistics on Health (WISH) query system. Results There has been a decrease in overall trends of secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women during the study period, with higher risk among pregnant teens, minority populations, and women with a lower education level. Conclusion To improve pregnancy and birth outcomes, future prospective and preventive studies should target groups with a higher risk of secondhand smoke exposure to quantify the risk and limit exposure.
Interdisciplinary Pain Management Programs in the Treatment of Pain Conditions

A highly effective modern method of curbing or better management of chronic pain is now better understood and utilized by the medical community: interdisciplinary pain management program (IPMP). As modern medical professionals continue to move away solely from prescribing opioids for the treatment of chronic pain, the efficacious and continuously improving methods of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation will almost certainly continue to grow in popularity. An IPMP always incorporates a structured and unified team of various mental and physical health professionals who regularly meet and update one another on individual patients. Typically, these programs are structured in order to address the rehabilitation and continuous monitoring and progress of patients, often those who suffer from pain conditions. Therefore, IPMP teams will carefully track patient progress and outcomes, often for years after completing direct treatment. Within this Chapter, a more thorough overview of striving for better and new pain rehabilitation due to the opioid crisis will be addressed. An overview of the concept, background, professional roles, distinctions from multidisciplinary care, case studies, and implementations of interdisciplinary medicine focused on chronic pain management and suggestions for future improvements in the fields will also be explored.
( π , p ) absorption in Li 6 , 7 at 75 and 175 MeV

Differential cross sections are reported for (${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$,$p$) reactions to discrete final states over the range $\ensuremath{\theta}=20\ensuremath{-}95 (116\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ and for the inclusive (${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$,$p$) reactions in $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ at $\ensuremath{\theta}=20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to the continuum. The continuum cross sections indicate the predominance of the two-nucleon pion absorption mechanism where (${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$,$p$) shows the importance of multiple (charge-exchange) scattering. The combined use of the exclusive and inclusive cross sections is discussed.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{6,7}\mathrm{Li}$(${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$,$p$)$^{5,6}\mathrm{Li}$, ${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=75$ MeV, $\ensuremath{\theta}=20\ensuremath{-}116\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, ${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=175$ MeV, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{p}=20\ensuremath{-}95\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$(${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$,$p$), ${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=75, 175$ MeV, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{p}=20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({T}_{p})$; discussed reaction mechanism effects.
A PUF Based CAN Security Framework

We propose a method to include security and reliability to the messages sent over the CAN bus. Our approach adheres to CAN standard ISO 11898-1. A reliable PUF response is used in key generation to create a unique shared AES-256 key between each ECU, allowing for all message paths to be encrypted. In addition, an HMAC system with a counter is implemented to help protect against replay attacks and message tampering within the network.
Argumentum Ad Baculum, Aristotelian Civic Fear, or Praeteritio: Threats in Anti-Choice Letters

This essay investigates the rhetorical choices in archived letters to providers at a local abortion clinic through argumentum ad baculum and other fear appeal frames. Analysis of three types of threat—spiritual, physical, and professional—contained in the correspondence suggests that only the professional fear appeals correspond to true theat. The essay contends that while some of the letters contain either true threats (argumentum ad baculum) or Aristotelian civic fear appeals, the writers more often make arguments that align with a new category I name sideways threats. Sideways threats include praeteritio or apophasis, whereby the writer renounces something like violence in order to invoke it, as well as fear appeals to negative outcomes which c(w)ould be carried out by a deity rather than the writer. Rather than fitting neatly into the rhetorical categories of ad baculum or civic fear, these artifacts that included multiple rhetorical approaches which open the way for new understanding of fear appeals and their persuasive qualities.
Predicting the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD): Mathematical determination of appropriate tortuosity based on porosity

Abstract Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is a promising novel membrane technology for management of waste streams from food manufacturing operations, and for concentration of value-added components from the waste streams. Due to the complexity of technology, the development of prediction models to describe mass transfer during DCMD presents a significant contribution. The overall objective of this investigation was to propose models for prediction of membrane tortuosity based on measured porosity, and to confirm the models by experimental measurements of water flux for DCMD applications. Three types of commercial membranes with porosities ranging from 69.8% to 87.9% were investigated. Eleven (11) different models for prediction of tortuosity from porosity were identified from published literature and evaluated. Statistical comparisons of predicted and experimental water flux were conducted using root-mean-square-error, accuracy factor, and bias factor to identify the models providing the closest agreement between predicted and experiment outcomes. The statistical comparisons indicated that models based on the fractal theory provide the closest agreement between predicted and experimental water flux for DCMD applications. In addition, the proposed model provided best agreement between predicted and experimental temperatures. The simulations of water flux were used to evaluate the influence of membrane surface area on water flux, and capabilities of the tortuosity models. As the width and length of membrane were increased, the differences in water flux predicted by proposed model, as compared to the traditional model, increased significantly. These outcomes confirm the importance using appropriate models for prediction of tortuosity for DCMD applications.
Fibromyalgia Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Physical Therapy Study (FM TIPS): an embedded pragmatic clinical trial in physical therapy clinics

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain with significant movement-evoked pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a non-pharmacological treatment, is efficacious for reduction of pain and fatigue in FM. While physical therapists are trained in the use of TENS, it is an underutilized tool in physical therapy (PT) clinics. To this end, we designed a pragmatic clinical trial to test if using TENS in a PT setting is feasible and if FM patients using TENS show reduced movement-evoked pain, improved adherence to PT, are more likely to reach their therapeutic goals. During a 1-year planning period the study team designed and set up procedures to implement the trial into 24 physical therapy clinics within 5 healthcare systems. Surveys and interviews with PT sites and interactions with the NIH Collaboratory group guided design of this pragmatic trial. The 24 PT clinics will be cluster-randomized and stratified by healthcare system into two groups: (1) No TENS (PT usual care) or (2) TENS+ (TENS plus PT usual care) with a goal of enrolling 600 participants the trial. Assessments will be collected at baseline then at 30-, 60-, 90- and 180-days from randomization through electronic data capture from participants directly and from the electronic health record. The primary outcome is a reduction in movement-evoked pain during a sit and stand test (baseline to 60 days) with secondary outcomes across multiple domains including pain, fatigue, sleep, disease impact, medication usage, psychosocial variables, patient-specific functional goals, and adherence to PT. Successful completion of this trial will provide generalizable effectiveness data on TENS for referring providers, physical therapists, patients, and insurers and will inform future pragmatic trials of non-pharmacological treatments conducted in PT practices. NIH; 4UH3AR076387-02 REVISED.
Fragmentation of Care Among Black Women With Breast Cancer and Comorbidities: The Role of Health Systems

PURPOSE:Black women are disproportionately burdened by comorbidities and breast cancer. The complexities of coordinating care for multiple health conditions can lead to adverse consequences. Care c...
EMI Performance of Active Neutral Point Clamped Phase Leg for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter

This paper evaluates the Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) caused by Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) phase leg undergoing Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). ZVS, together with a high fundamental frequency operation is encountered in Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters. This allows ANPC phase leg to be operated in a different manner than its inverter counterpart. A comprehensive evaluation of four switching schemes for NPC/ANPC-DAB with regard to their EMI performance, voltage overshoot, and losses have been done. Switching state redundancies have been used to reduce the EMI of the ANPC phase leg. To further help in reduction of high frequency EMI and voltage overshoot, a low inductance busbar design has been presented for through-hole discrete devices. Finite element simulation and measurement results show a busbar inductance of 7.7 nH for long commutation loops. Finally, EMI performance (conducted and radiated) together with the busbar design have been experimentally validated for two of the most useful switching schemes. The switching schemes and the busbar design can boost adoption of NPC/ANPC-DAB by ensuring EMI compliance and improved efficiency without affecting the normal DAB operation or using additional hardware.
A killer metamorphosis: catching BAK in action at the membrane.

Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane initiates apoptotic cell death. B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) antagonist killer (BAK) and BCL-2-associated X (BAX) mediate mitochondrial poration, but how this process unfolds remains poorly defined. Two studies in this issue investigate the transition of dormant, inactive BAK monomer to a highly dynamic membrane-associated, pore-forming oligomer.
Localized Pressure and Equilibrium States

We introduce the notion of localized topological pressure for continuous maps on compact metric spaces. The localized pressure of a continuous potential $$\varphi $$ is computed by considering only those $$(n,\epsilon )$$ -separated sets whose statistical sums with respect to an m-dimensional potential $$\Phi $$ are “close” to a given value $$w\in {\mathbb R}^m$$ . We then establish for several classes of systems and potentials $$\varphi $$ and $$\Phi $$ a local version of the variational principle. We also construct examples showing that the assumptions in the localized variational principle are fairly sharp. Next, we study localized equilibrium states and show that even in the case of subshifts of finite type and Holder continuous potentials, there are several new phenomena that do not occur in the theory of classical equilibrium states. In particular, we construct an example with infinitely many ergodic localized equilibrium states. We also show that for systems with strong thermodynamic properties and w in the interior of the rotation set of $$\Phi $$ there is at least one and at most finitely many localized equilibrium states.
Guanylylation and adenylylation of the alpha regulatory proteins of herpes simplex virus require a viral beta or gamma function.

Abstract Herpes simplex virus genes form several groups whose expression is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. Most of the products of the first group, the alpha genes, appear to have regulatory functions. We report that the alpha proteins, infected cell proteins 4, 0, 22, and 27 of herpes simplex virus 1 and 4, 0, and 27 of herpes simplex virus 2, were labeled in the isolated nuclei of infected HeLa cells with [alpha-32P]GTP or [alpha-32P]ATP late in infection and that these proteins represent the largest group of virus-specific proteins labeled in this fashion. Studies with [2-3H]ATP, in which the label is in the purine ring, showed that a portion of the label in alpha proteins and in at least one other infected cell protein is due to nucleotidylylation. Analyses of the labeling reactions in nuclei of (i) cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants at nonpermissive temperatures, (ii) cells infected with wild-type virus and harvested at different times postinfection, and (iii) cells treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis or of synthesis of viral DNA led to the conclusion that viral gene functions expressed after the synthesis of alpha proteins are required for the labeling of the alpha proteins with [alpha-32P]GTP. We conclude that several of the alpha proteins are extensively posttranslationally modified and that these modifications include nucleotidylylation.
CCL8 and skin T cells—an allergic attraction

The migration of TH2 cells into allergy-affected tissue is key to maintaining the inflammatory response. CCR8-CCL8, a newly identified chemokine receptor–ligand pair, mediates the skin accumulation of TH2 cells with the specific potential to drive chronic eosinophilic inflammation.
Crystallographic texture and elemental composition mapped in bovine root dentin at the 200 nm level

Summary The relationship between the mineralization of peritubular dentin (PTD) and intertubular dentin (ITD) is not well understood. Tubules are quite small, diameter ∼2 µm, and this makes the near-tubule region of dentin difficult to study. Here, advanced characterization techniques are applied in a novel way to examine what organic or nanostructural signatures may indicate the end of ITD or the beginning of PTD mineralization. X-ray fluorescence intensity (Ca, P, and Zn) and X-ray diffraction patterns from carbonated apatite (cAp) were mapped around dentintubules at resolutions ten times smaller than the feature size (200 nm pixels), representing a 36% increase in resolution over earlier work. In the near tubule volumes of near-pulp, root dentin, Zn intensity was higher than in ITD remote from the tubules. This increase in Zn2+, as determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis, may indicate the presence of metalloenzymes or transcription factors important to ITD or PTD mineralization. The profiles of the cAp 00.2 X-ray diffraction rings were fitted with a pseudo-Voigt function, and the spatial and azimuthal distribution of these rings' integrated intensities indicated that the cAp platelets were arranged with their c-axes aligned tangential to the edge of the tubule lumen. This texture was continuous throughout the dentin indicating a lack of structural difference between in the Zn rich near-tubular region and the remote ITD. SCANNING 36:231–240, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PA700, an ATP-dependent activator of the 20 S proteasome, is an ATPase containing multiple members of a nucleotide-binding protein family.

PA700 is a 700,000-dalton multisubunit protein that activates multiple proteolytic activities of the 20 S proteasome by a mechanism dependent upon ATP hydrolysis (Ma, C.-P., Vu, J.H., Proske, R.J., Slaughter, C.A., and DeMartino, G.N. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 3539-3547). In order to determine the identities of and structural relationships among the subunits of PA700, individual PA700 subunits were isolated by a combination of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven of the 16 subunits of PA700 so isolated were subjected to solid phase protease digestion followed by reverse phase HPLC. Selected peptides from each protein were sequenced by automated Edman degradation. Comparison of the resulting amino acid sequences with those in current data bases indicated that three of the subunits represented novel proteins, whereas four subunits were homologous to previously describe proteins. Three subunits of the latter group were, in turn, homologous to one another and are members of a large family of proteins containing a consensus sequence for ATP binding. Purified PA700 demonstrated ATPase activity. Treatment of PA700 with alkylating agents, such as N-ethylmaleimide, inhibited with similar kinetics both proteasome activation and ATPase activity, suggesting that these two activities are functionally linked. Thus, PA700 is composed of multiple members of a protein family that may function in the ATP-dependent regulation of proteasome activity.
Notational Variants and Invariance in Linguistics

This article argues that the much-maligned ‘notational variants’ of a given formal linguistic theory play a role similar to alternative numerical measurement scales. Thus, they can be used to identify the invariant components of the grammar; i.e., those features that do not depend on the choice of empirically equivalent representation. Treating these elements as the ‘meaningful’ structure of language has numerous consequences for the philosophy of science and linguistics. I offer several such examples of how linguistic theorizing can profit from adopting a measurement-theoretic viewpoint. The first concerns a measurement-theoretic response to a famous criticism of Quine's. Others follow from issues of simplicity in the current biolinguistics program. An unexpected similarity with behaviorist practices is also uncovered. I then argue that managable and useful steps can be taken in this area.
When Computer Monitoring Backfires: Invasion of Privacy and Organizational Injustice as Precursors to Computer Abuse

This manuscript examines the unintended consequences that organizational computer monitoring can foster within the firm. We apply justice and reactance theories to explain why monitoring can actually increase the occurrence of detrimental organizational behaviors. Our model suggests monitoring activities that invade employees’ privacy lead to perceived injustices, which provoke destructive behavior by employees. Empirical results obtained from 439 survey respondents employed in the banking, finance, and insurance industries provide support for most of our hypotheses. Computer monitoring was found to increase internal computer abuse but not antisocial behaviors. Privacy invasions resulting from the monitoring activities were related to perceptions of procedural injustice, which in turn influenced distributive injustice perceptions. Both injustices acted as direct precursors to internal computer abuse, but only distributive injustice was a significant antecedent to antisocial behavior. We discuss these findings and their limitations in the context of modern organizations that are inundated with information-security responsibilities.
Singular Perturbation Analysis for Linear Systems with Vector Quantized Control

In this paper, the analysis for a singularly perturbed linear system with quantization in the feedback loop is performed. It is found that the system has variable structure and can exhibit sliding behavior on the switching surfaces. Because the system is nonsmooth and standard singular perturbation techniques are not applicable, a new technique is developed for a two-input case to obtain the boundary layer solution and the outer solution. A discussion of the approximation error is included. The technique developed is successfully illustrated on a numerical example.
Solar Astronomy on the New Large Submillimeter Facilities on Mauna Kea

The submillimeter continuum represents an area of great potential interest in the study of the solar atmosphere. Submillimeter wavelengths accessible from Mauna Kea can provide a particularly valuable tool for thermal diagnostics of the solar chromosphere. Thus far, the submillimeter solar continuum remains relatively unexplored. Recent advances in submillimeter technology will open this new and powerful diagnostic tool to solar physics.
PUBLIC FINANCING FOR SMALL CORPORATIONS

ALTHOUGH THE difficulties encountered by small corporations in raising long-term capital have long been recognized and many suggestions have been made to alleviate these difficulties (one of which culminated in the Small Business Investment Companies), very little has been written on one of the major potential sources of such capital-public sale of securities. This study is a comprehensive treatment of public stock financing for small corporations. It is based principally on case studies obtained in the field by the author but also on mail surveys, a study of appropriate prospectuses, and published materials. The first part of the study considers the desirability and feasibility of public stock financing. Among the advantages found for such financing were the value of raising permanent funds without fixed charges or restrictions; the resulting improvements in credit rating and increase in borrowing power; the creation of a market useful in "unfreezing" the investment of old stockholders and helpful in settling estates; the ability to allow employees to participate in ownership; the facilitating of future sales of securities; the creation of a sounder basis for stock options; the use of a marketable security helpful in the acquisition of other companies; the value of the publicity received; and the management development which takes place as a result of the undertaking. Disadvantages of such financing included the high cost of flotation and the cost of capital; the assumption of new responsibilities; the time and effort involved; and sometimes the uncertainty of obtaining the desired funds. An almost complete lack of understanding of public financing and unjustified fears of loss of control were found among presidents of many corporations which were in a position for public financing but had never attempted it. Often the corporation presidents were unaware that the possibility even existed. In an attempt to remedy this situation, the author developed broad criteria by which the feasibility of public financing for individual companies could be appraised. For Regulation A issues ($300,000 or less), strong growth potential is
The association of a high molecular weight protein with the erythrocyte membrane.

Abstract The erythrocyte membrane contains a protein (designated PII) of molecular weight greater than 150,000. The protein is bound to the membrane by ionic type forces and is released when these forces are perturbed by alteration of the pH, ionic strength and divalent cation concentration. The release of PII is accompanied by fragmentation of the membrane.
Synergistic effects of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hypertension on spatial navigation

Navigation skills deteriorate with age, but the mechanisms of the decline are poorly understood. Part of the decrement may be due to age-related vascular risk factors. The T allele in a C677T variant in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with elevated plasma homocysteine, which is detrimental to vascular integrity and has been linked to cognitive decline. We inquired if a combination of physiological (hypertension) and genetic (MTHFR 677T) vascular risks has a synergistic negative impact on cognitive performance in otherwise healthy adults. We tested 160 participants (18-80 years old) on a virtual water maze. Advanced age, female sex, and hypertension were associated with poorer performance. However, hypertensive carriers of the T allele performed significantly worse than the rest of the participants at all ages. These findings indicate that hypertension combined with a genetic vascular risk factor may significantly increase risk for cognitive impairment.
Resonance Excitation by Distortion of the ß-Function Coupled with a Single Beam Space Charge Force

It is shown how a single beam space charge force can combine with a lattice design having large s variations, such as occurs in machines with low s insertions, to induce resonance behavior. Although the single beam space charge force may be highly nonlinear, it will, by itself, excite no resonances, since its azimuthal Fourier decomposition is essentially composed of 0th harmonic. However, low periodicity, large s variations are harmonically rich and can provide the necessary azimuthal harmonics for resonance excitation. The resonance characteristics of this type of system are developed. A strength parameter involving the linear tune shift and the smax value is introduced. In particular, two cases are discussed: (1) where the force arises from the beam self-field and (2) where the force is induced by images in the surrounding boundaries. A comparison is made with the beam-beam force in terms of both the strength parameters (related to the linear tune shifts), and the nonlinear resonance behavior.
Tunneling spectroscopy of the quasiparticle Andreev bound state in ion-irradiated YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ /Pb junctions

Effects of disorder on the in-plane density of states of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ are investigated by planar tunneling spectroscopy. Low-fluence 1-MeV ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ irradiation reduces the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ ${T}_{c}$ and mean-free path without altering the junction quality. As the dirty limit is approached, the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) disappears, as expected for a quasiparticle Andreev bound state. Thus, the quasiparticle scattering rate may be determined by the ZBCP magnitude. This rate is a direct measure of the pair-breaking strength and accounts for the ${T}_{c}$ suppression.
Observation of stimulated emission and ultrafast transient absorption dynamics from a novel alkyl-substituted PPV

Abstract Ultrafast transient absorption, stimulated emission (SE), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed on solid films of the conducting polymer: poly[2-butyl-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyl)-1,4-phenylenevinylene](BuEH-PPV). The ground state absorption and luminescence of BuEH-PPV are similar to those of unsubstituted PPV, indicating that alkyl substitution does not significantly alter the electronic structure of the ground state. The PL lifetime and PL quantum yield of BuEH-PPV, however, are ≥ 900 ps and over 0.6, respectively. These numbers are nearly 3 times longer and higher than those for unsubstituted PPV. Moreover, BuEH-PPV exhibits a strong, relatively long-lived SE (≥ 60 ps). The SE decays more quickly than the PL due to an interfering photoinduced absorption which undergoes a dynamic blue-shift to mask the SE at later times. These observations taken together offer a prescription for controlling the excited state electronic structure of conjugated polymers, and open the possible production of optically or electrically pumped solid polymer lasers.
On the analytic solution of the Cauchy problem

Derivatives of a solution of an ODE Cauchy problem can be computed inductively using the Faa di Bruno formula. In this paper, we exhibit a noninductive formula for these derivatives. At the heart of this formula is a combinatorial problem, which is solved in this paper. We also give a more tractable form of the Magnus expansion for the solution of a homogeneous linear ODE.
Effects of actual effort and anticipated effort on task enhancement

Abstract Wicklund, Cooper, and Linder (1967) presented evidence that anticipated effort prior to exposure to a counterattitudinal communication enhanced attitude change. Their results supported the dissonance prediction of a direct relation between perceived effort expenditure and task enhancement. However, their results are open to an alternative self-esteem interpretation, as are most experiments using attitude communications. In order to overcome this difficulty two experiments were conducted using a nonpersuasive task situation. In Experiment I Ss circled numbers according to high effort rules or low effort rules. Results showed greater task enhancement under high effort. Experiment II was conducted to rule out any alternatives associated with actual effort. Ss thought they would circle numbers or actually did circle numbers under either high or low effort. Results showed greater task enhancement in high effort conditions for both actual effort and anticipated effort. The results of the two experiments provided strong support for the effort justification hypothesis.
Parent Teacher Education Connection: Preparing Preservice Teachers for Family Engagement

This article describes the Parent Teacher Education Curriculum, a Web-based curriculum focused on instructing teachers about best practices in family involvement and assesses its impact on the knowledge and attitudes of preservice teachers related to family involvement. Pre- and post-measures of preservice teacher candidate knowledge of and attitude toward parent involvement were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and paired-samples t-tests. Findings revealed a significant multivariate main effect for the time of knowledge assessment administration (pre vs. post): Wilks' λ = .613, F(6, 449) = 47.308, p < .001, partial eta squared = .387. This suggested that overall Knowledge increased significantly from pre- to post-administration. In addition, multivariate analysis for the time of attitude assessment administration (pre vs. post) was Wilks' λ = .982, F(3, 1548) = 9.65, p <. 001, partial eta squared = .018. This suggested that overall Attitude increased significantly from pre- to po...
Entspannungsverdampfung mit Mischkondensation und kommunizierenden Stufen. Zur Süßwassergewinnung aus dem Meer

Das bei der Suswassergewinnnung aus dem Meer meistverwendete Verfahren, die Entspannungsverdampfung, erfordert z. Zt. noch Kondensatorrohre aus hochlegierten Kupfer/Nickel-Legierungen, die den Anlagenpreis erheblich verteuern. Ein Alternativvorschlag wird erlautert, bei dem die Dampfe durch Mischkondensation niedergeschlagen, die Stufendrucke hydrostatisch kompensiert und die Stromungsverluste durch Dampfheberwirkung uberwunden werden. Versuch und Rechnung zeigen die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens.
An Analytic Study of the w-3 Genetic Lesion in Zea mays L.

'I'lle biosyntlhesis of chloropllyll in the albino w-3 maize seedling,s was found to proceed in the same way as in its normal counter part (1,9). However, the nlewly formed clhlorophyll in the w-3 mitutant seed'inigs (lisappears rapidly in light unider aerobic cotnditionls. For this reasoni Koski (9) conlcluded that there was no genetic lesion in the chlorophyll synithesis of the w-3 miiutant, but the mutanit lost clhlorophyll in the light due to inability to preserve the pigmnent after its formiiation. In addition to the photolability of the w-3 chlorophyll, the mutant was devoid of carotenoids, and accumulated the precursors, l)olyenes, of carotenoids both in light and darkness (1,12,13). Anderson and Robertson (1) suggested that the genetic lesion could be placed in one of the biosynthetic steps of carotenogenesis in w-3 mutant. Carotelnoids in the nornmal green seedlings may then be suggested to play a role as photoprotector of chlorophylls from photo-oxidative destruction. Such a role has been assigned to the carotenoids of a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhlodopseu.doiionoas sphleroides (6,15). For investigation of the possible cytoplasnuic influence upon the development of the chloroplast, the w\7-3 allele was incorporated into a number of Mexican races by the appropriate breeding miiethod. Fromi segregatineg progeniies, w-3 mlutants were selected for anlalysis of their pigmlent conitent. Each w-3 mutant in a differenit racial background was miiade to produce a limited quantity of chlorophyll, and the newly formed chlorophyll was tested for its photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation in vivo.
Conductance changes in neocortical propagated seizure: seizure initiation.

Intracellular records were obtained from neurons located on the pericruciate gyri of cats paralyzed with gallamine triethiodide and involved in propagated seizures produced by repetitive stimulation of the homotopic contralateral cortex. Positive and negative pulses were injected at varying phases of seizure termination to demonstrate alterations of slope conductance. Maximum slope conductance was noted during spike inactivation and similar conductance was seen at the maximum of clonic depolarizations. Attempts were made to identify triggering mechanisms for clonic depolarizations, and mechanisms for membrane repolarization during seizure termination. Postictal hyperpolarization was noted to be the period during which the membrane returned to control behavior. A model based on alterations in [K+]0 and membrane V-I characteristics accounting for all phases of propagated seizure and related to neuroglial behavior during propagated seizure is discussed.
Introduction: Medical Migrations:

This special issue of Body & Society brings together articles that describe contemporary forms of bio-medical travel. The conjuncture of mobility and bodily states occurs at a particular epistemic moment: the first decades of the 21st century, when medical travels and travelers are participating in border crossings as self-consciously biological beings, and when biological life, health and sickness, survival and death, are central to subject formation, ethical practice, political struggle, regulation and governance. In the last several decades, increasing numbers of people have crossed national borders and traversed great distances for bio-medical, experimental or alternative (complementary) medical, surgical or cosmetic interventions and/or bodily transformations. Some of these travelers – often described by the mass media as ‘medical tourists’ (a term we subject to a pointed critique) – journey to foreign lands in search of cures and therapies for a variety of conditions. The elderly and well-insured are searching for cures to the maladies that commonly accompany aging: chronic, noncontagious illnesses and afflictions, from heart disease to end-stage kidney failure, from obesity to diabetes to congestive heart disease to dental care and depression. Women and their partners travel in search of solutions to infertility; men in search of cures for sexual dysfunction. Both men and women, young and old, search for cures to addictions and psychiatric illnesses. And many people travel across borders to purchase much sought-after and expensive
Nonstrictly hyperbolic nonlinear systems

On etudie le caractere bien pose du probleme aux valeurs initiales, localement en temps, pour une classe de systemes hyperboliques non lineaires
Flux Pumps for Use at 60 Hz

Many superconducting devices now being built require currents of a thousand or more amperes. When the currents needed are dc and large compared with the heat leakage into the cryostat from sources other than the electrical leads, it may be advantageous to use a flux pump or ac-to-dc converter within the dewar for powering the device. The flux pumps described convert low current-high voltage ac power into high current-low voltage dc power. Pumps designed to operate in the 500 to 1200 A range at 5 to 50 W will be discussed.
Investing in capabilities: Bidding in strategic factor markets with costly information

We explore how firms invest in capabilities by acquiring assets in strategic factor markets. We formalize the problem using an auction model in which heterogeneous firms bid for an asset to investigate relationships among expected returns to the investment, information used to estimate the expected returns and information used to estimate the expected bids from competitors. Our results demonstrate the importance of recognizing different components of the expected returns and the importance of considering the cost of acquiring information to inform the bid. Through this analysis we illustrate complementarities and trade-offs that are involved in the process of making investment decisions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Route to Highly Water-Soluble Aromatic Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid Ligands

2-Hydroxyisoquinolin-1-one (1,2-HOIQO) is a new member of the important class of aromatic cyclic hydroxamic acid ligands which are widely used in metal sequestering applications and metal chelating therapy. The first general approach for the introduction of substituents at the aromatic ring of the chelating moiety is presented. As a useful derivative, the highly water-soluble sulfonic acid has been synthesized by an efficient route that allows general access to 1,2-HOQIO 3-carboxlic acid amides, which are the most relevant for applications.
In Vivo Spreading of Tau Pathology

Recent findings have suggested that tau pathology may spread in the brain by a prion-like mechanism. In this issue of Neuron, de Calignon et al. (2012) recreated an early stage of neurofibrillary tangle pathology to show that tau aggregates initially generated in a circumscribed area spread throughout the brain and lead to neurodegeneration.
Among circulating hematopoietic cells, B-CLL uniquely expresses functional EPAC1, but EPAC1-mediated Rap1 activation does not account for PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis.

Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP levels induce apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) but not in T-CLL or peripheral blood T cells. Two principal effector proteins for cAMP are protein kinase A (PKA) and EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), a Rap guanosine 5′-diphosphate (GDP) exchange factor. We here examine whether varying expression of EPAC accounts for the discrepant sensitivity of B-CLL and T cells to PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. B-CLL and peripheral blood B cells express EPAC1 transcript, whereas T-CLL, peripheral blood T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils do not. Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram induces Rap1 activation in B-CLL cells but not in peripheral blood B cells, T-CLL, or any of the normal hematopoietic lineages examined. The EPAC-specific cAMP analog 8CPT-2Me-cAMP (8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cAMP) activates Rap1 in B-CLL cells, but, unlike rolipram/forskolin or 8-Bromo-cAMP, it does not induce PKA activation, as judged by phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Unexpectedly, whereas rolipram/forskolin and 8-Bromo-cAMP induce apoptosis in B-CLL cells, 8CPT-2Me-cAMP decreased basal apoptosis in B-CLL cells by an average of 25% ( P < .002). Our results demonstrate that B-CLL cells uniquely activate Rap1 in response to PDE4 inhibitors and suggest that physiologic stimuli that activate EPAC may transmit an antiapoptotic signal. (Blood. 2004;103:2661-2667)
Framework for Computer Assisted Instruction Courseware: A Case Study

This article systematically investigates, defines, and organizes variables related to production of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) courseware for the U.S. Army Logistics Management Systems Activity (ALMSA), St. Louis. Initial decisions regarding selection of analysis and design methodology, hardware, software and authoring languages were strongly influenced by availability within the ALMSA user community. Subsequent refinements may be required, but prototype boundaries have now been delineated for this prototype effort.
On the drag force of a viscous sphere with interfacial slip at small but finite Reynolds numbers

We investigate the hydrodynamic drag force on a viscous sphere in a fluid of different viscosities at small but finite Reynolds numbers when interfacial slip is present at the surface of the sphere. The sphere is small enough for it to retain its spherical shape, as is the case with most small droplets. By using a singular perturbation method, the exterior flow field of the droplet is decomposed into an inner region, where the viscous effects dominate, and an outer region, where the inertia is important. The interior flow of the viscous sphere is also solved analytically. By applying appropriate boundary conditions to the surface of the viscous sphere and matching the conditions between the inner and outer flow fields, stream functions up to the order of Re2 log Re for both the exterior and the interior flow are obtained. Thus, an analytical expression for the drag force coefficient of the viscous droplet is derived. This general expression yields, as special cases, several other expressions that are applicable to spheres that translate rectilinearly under more restrictive conditions. One of the practical conclusions from this study is that the presence of interfacial slip can significantly reduce the drag force on a droplet.
POWER OPTIMAL EXCITATION OF VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTORS

ABSTRACT A variable reluctance motor would be advantageous in high performance servo systems for many reasons. Internal power dissipation, however, commonly presents a significant limitation on motor performance. Variable reluctance motors are often run inefficiently thereby reducing available torque output. Under these conditions, variable reluctance motors are seldom considered in high performance servos. This paper presents a control strategy which achieves maximum motor performance in power constrained applications. This strategy leads to efficiency estimates which indicate that variable reluctance motors can achieve efficiencies comparable to other motors. Additionally the power optimal excitation strategy suggests new configurations for the motor windings and power circuitry.
Asynchronous auction for distributed nonlinear Resource Allocation

Nonlinear Resource Allocation Problems are concerned with the optimal allocation of N continuous resources to M missions/tasks with nonlinear utilities. Numerous problems from diverse fields such as search theory, statistics, finance, economics, logistics, sensor and wireless networks fit this formulation. Several centralized/synchronous algorithms are available for solving this problem including RAP Auction [1] which was proposed by the the authors. RAP Auction finds a near optimal solutions with pseudo-polynomial complexity for generalized class of monotonic convex cost functions including non-differentiable and/or non-strictly convex functions. In this paper, we present and discuss asynchronous version of RAP Auction. This algorithm supports the computation framework in which nodes behave as autonomous agents making local decisions without waiting for each other.
Spatiotemporal profile of N-cadherin expression in the developing limb mesenchyme.

During embryonic limb development, chondrogenesis of the mesenchyme is preceded by a crucial cellular condensation phase. Because condensation is likely to result from specific cell-cell interactions, we have examined the possible involvement of N-cadherin, a Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule, in this condensation event. Previously, we have reported that N-cadherin is expressed in chick embryonic limb bud, and that perturbation of N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion significantly inhibits limb mesenchymal cellular aggregation and chondrogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. To further examine the relationship between N-cadherin expression and chondrogenesis, we have quantified and characterized the spatiotemporal expression of N-cadherin mRNA and protein in the developing chick embryonic limb, and analyzed the mechanism whereby exogenous Ca2+ stimulates chondrogenesis in vitro. Immunohistochemistry revealed that N-cadherin is expressed on mesenchymal cell surface in a developmentally specific manner during...
Luminal Na+/H+ exchange in the proximal tubule

The proximal tubule is critical for whole-organism volume and acid–base homeostasis by reabsorbing filtered water, NaCl, bicarbonate, and citrate, as well as by excreting acid in the form of hydrogen and ammonium ions and producing new bicarbonate in the process. Filtered organic solutes such as amino acids, oligopeptides, and proteins are also retrieved by the proximal tubule. Luminal membrane Na+/H+ exchangers either directly mediate or indirectly contribute to each of these processes. Na+/H+ exchangers are a family of secondary active transporters with diverse tissue and subcellular distributions. Two isoforms, NHE3 and NHE8, are expressed at the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule. NHE3 is the prevalent isoform in adults, is the most extensively studied, and is tightly regulated by a large number of agonists and physiological conditions acting via partially defined molecular mechanisms. Comparatively little is known about NHE8, which is highly expressed at the lumen of the neonatal proximal tubule and is mostly intracellular in adults. This article discusses the physiology of proximal Na+/H+ exchange, the multiple mechanisms of NHE3 regulation, and the reciprocal relationship between NHE3 and NHE8 at the lumen of the proximal tubule.
Conceptual Design of an Environmentally Responsible 150-Passenger Commercial Aircraft

Verde is an environmentally responsible commercial transport seating 150 dual-class passengers, designed in response to the 2008-2009 Request for Proposal from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition. While the airline industry faces increasing pressures from the cost of fuel and the responsibility of environmental impact, the next generation of this aircraft class must operate more efficiently and address those environmental needs. Therefore, all design decisions for Verde focused first on reducing fuel burn, second on reducing emissions, then noise, and finally on maintaining flyaway cost, airport integration, and passenger comfort. The final design utilizes several green technologies such as an unducted fan engine cycle, biofuel, and use of advanced yet reusable materials to achieve these goals. Much of the design process focused on trying to increase the main wing aspect ratio which required the need to balance structural weight, aerodynamic performance benefits, and airport integration. This fuel-burn-centered philosophy yielded significant improvements, including a fuel block burn for the typical 500 nmi mission of 38.1 lb/seat and an 10% improvement in operating cost compared to current operations.