cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restriction of glycolipids to the outer half of a plasma membrane: Concanavalin A labeling of membrane halves in acanthamoeba castellanii

Abstract Fracture-label, a method that permits the cytochemical characterization of faces produced by freezefracture, was used to determine the partition and distribution of a glycolipid on membrane fracture faces of Acanthamoeba castellanii cells. After treatment with concanavalin A (Con A), the glycolipid (a lipophosphonoglycan, LPG) was labeled with colloidal gold coated with horseradish peroxidase. The label was abundant over exoplasmic fracture faces (face E) of plasma membranes, but absent from protoplasmic fracture faces (face P). We conclude that, in A. castellanii, glycolipid molecules are restricted to the outer half of the plasma membrane. This conclusion is confirmed by experiments with cells disrupted by freezing and thawing, where access of label to the cell interior did not result in labeling of the inner surface. Our results establish the exclusive localization of a glycolipid to the outer half of a plasma membrane. Fracture-label is proposed as a new technique to investigate the distribution and partition of glycolipids in plasma and intracellular membrane halves.
Vibration Analysis of a Sensor-Integrated Ball Bearing

This paper presents an analysis of the vibrational behavior of a deep groove ball bearingwith a structurally integrated force sensor. The miniaturized force sensor, accommodatedwithin a slot on the bearing’s outer ring, provides on-line condition monitoring capabilityto the bearing. Analytical and ﬁnite element models were developed to predict the sensoroutput due to bearing dynamic load and rotational speed variations. Experimental studieswere conducted on a ball bearing to validate the analytical and numerical solutions.Good agreement was found between the model-predicted sensor outputs and the experi-mental results. The ﬁndings validated the approach of integrated-sensing for on-linebearing condition monitoring. @S0739-3717~00!00203-8#
Problems Caused By Regulatory Delays And Lack Of Regulation

An FDA perspective on some of the problems encountered during the device review process is describe& Emphasis is placed on the need for communication and teamwork among all parties to make the system work. Manufacturers are encouraged to 'Do it right the first time.' Pertinent questions are asked of the manufacturers and proposed solutions are presented. Day to day reality at FDA is described and document workload is revealed. Lack of regulation, or more appropriately, when less regulation is appropriate is discussed, FDA has distributed to manufacturers a new draft guidance document to help in the decisionmaking process and when to submit a 510(k) when modifications are made to a device. This and other mechanisms are in place at the FDA to streamline the review process. Manufacturers are cautioned about their decisions and to seek advice from qualified persons. FDA emphasizes that help is available and that when in doubt, call.
The impact of early flow and brain oxygen crisis on the outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Abstract Background Multimodality monitoring and goal-directed therapy may not prevent blood flow and brain oxygen (Flow/BrOx) crisis. We sought to determine the impact of these events on outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Methods Twenty-four patients with sTBI were treated to maintain intracranial pressure (ICP) less than or equal to 20 mm Hg, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) greater than or equal to 60 mm Hg, brain oxygen greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg, and near infrared spectroscopy greater than or equal to 60%. Flow/BrOx crisis events were recorded. The 14-day predicted mortality was compared with actual mortality. Results Nonsurvivors had a significantly higher number of crisis events nonresponsive to treatment (P Conclusions A multimodality monitoring and goal-directed therapy may decrease mortality in sTBI. However, Flow/BrOx crisis events still occur and predict a poor outcome.
Messo & Preso Practical Sensor-Network Messaging Protocols

We present two protocols one of which supports the publication by sensors in a sensor-network of messages on a named topic, the other that allows sensors to subscribe to messages on a named topic. We separate the publish and subscribe functions into different protocols as it is not necessary for a given device to support both. The publication protocol is designed for management systems in which nodes take readings from a sensor and transmit them to monitoring applications while the subscription protocol is for actuating systems in which the state of certain nodes is changed by control applications. The protocols use cross-layer optimization techniques for reducing transmissions within the messaging layer of the sensor-network. We show that the path characteristics of such network are highly variable leading to frequent topology changes motivating our description of the protocols which can function even over fluctuating network topologies. Finally, we use simulation to compare the actuation protocol with an epidemic approach, showing that our protocol is more efficient when the topics that the nodes are interested in are non-uniform
Acrosomal Enzymes of Human Spermatozoa Before and After in Vitro Capacitation

The effect of in vitro capacitation (events that occur before the acrosome reaction) on the acrosomal enzymes of human spermatozoa was determined. Capacitation of human spermatozoa was assessed by their ability to penetrate denuded hamster oocytes. The activities of a number of enzymes commonly associated with the sperm acrosome, including nonzymogen acrosin, proacrosin, inhibitor-bound acrosin, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase were assessed. With the exception of acid phosphatase, no alteration in enzyme activity occurred after 4 h of incubating the spermatozoa under capacitation conditions although gamete fusion took place. The acid phosphatase levels decreased twofold, presumably due to the loss of seminal (prostatic acid phosphatase that loosely adheres to spermatozoa. After 8 h of capacitation, a large decrease in sperm enzyme levels took place only in the case of hyaluronidase, although small decreases were also noted in total acrosin, proacrosin and inhibited acrosin. No new electrophoretically migrating forms of acrosin were observed. Decreases in total acrosin and proacrosin, but not in inhibited acrosin, also occurred when spermatozoa were incubated under noncapacitating conditions for 8 h, indicating that capacitation may specifically cause the release of some acrosin inhibitor from human spermatozoa. It is concluded that, with the possible exception of hyaluronidase, the in vitro capacitation of human spermatozoa does not cause a major change in its acrosomal enzyme content so that these hydrolases are fully present before the acrosome reaction takes place during gamete fusion. Serum albumin appears to protect against the loss of some of these enzymes since the activity of several glycosidases was significantly reduced when the spermatozoa were incubated for 8 h in human serum albumin-free medium.
Subacromial impingement and posture

AbstractBackground:It has been suggested that dysfunctional posture of the scapula, thoracic spine, and cervical spine is associated with the development of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS).Objectives:This paper explores the current literature describing the association between static posture and SIS.Major findings:Thirty-one articles were included in this review. Nine of these articles looked specifically at the resting posture in subjects with SIS. All nine of these studies found no correlation between static posture and SIS. Fifteen articles included subjects without SIS and/or non-self-selected resting posture. Of those, nine provided support for the plausibility of a relationship between SIS and posture. Seven of the studies included in this review examined treatment aimed at posture. Only one looked specifically at the effects of postural correction in subjects with SIS and found that it improved pain-free shoulder range of motion (ROM) but there was no change in pain intensity. Three out of f...
VARIATIONS IN HELP-SEEKING, BATTERED WOMEN'S RELATIONSHIP COURSE, EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING, AND EXPERIENCES OF ABUSE OVER TIME

Despite assumptions that leaving the batterer offers the best chance for improvement in battered women's lives, few studies provide conclusive data on this issue. Although many women eventually reu...
Mercury hotspot identification in Water Conservation Area 3, Florida, USA

A significant amount of science and effort has been placed on understanding the biogeochemical cycle of mercury within the Florida everglades. The range of resolution for these studies include regional (Everglades Protection Area) and site-specific scales, with very little attention being given to the landscape scale. However, a lot of questions still exist regarding methyl mercury (MeHg) synthesis, bioaccumulation and environmental accumulation. I used the Geti–Ord Gi * spatial clustering statistic to describe and evaluate soil total mercury (THg) and MeHg data collected by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program between 1995 and 2005. Soil mercury (total and methyl) displayed distinct spatial clustering within Water Conservation Area 3 (WCA3) and was dependent on canal density, water control structure density and hydroperiod. THg hotspots were identified consistently within the southern portion of WCA3A and WCA3B in areas with prolonged hydroperiods ...
Adaptive optics in astronomy

Since Galileo’s first observations in 1609, telescopes have grown dramatically in size. Larger telescopes collect more light, allowing astronomers to detect fainter sources and to look further back in time towards the birth of the universe. The angular resolution of these telescopes, however, has been limited by turbulence in the earth’s atmosphere. This limitation can be dramatically reduced with the use of adaptive optics (AO) to measure and correct the blurring introduced by atmospheric turbulence. AO is now routinely used for science observations on the world’s largest telescopes and is providing a much more detailed view of our universe.
Dopamine Modulates the Activity of Sensory Hair Cells

The senses of hearing and balance are subject to modulation by efferent signaling, including the release of dopamine (DA). How DA influences the activity of the auditory and vestibular systems and its site of action are not well understood. Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithelium of the zebrafish during development but do not directly form synapses with hair cells. However, a member of the D1-like receptor family, D1b, tightly localizes to ribbon synapses in inner ear and lateral-line hair cells. To assess modulation of hair-cell activity, we reversibly activated or inhibited D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in lateral-line hair cells. In extracellular recordings from hair cells, we observed that D1R agonist SKF-38393 increased microphonic potentials, whereas D1R antagonist SCH-23390 decreased microphonic potentials. Using ratiometric calcium imaging, we found that increased D1R activity resulted in larger calcium transients in hair cells. The increase of intracellular calcium requires Cav1.3a channels, as a Cav1 calcium channel antagonist, isradipine, blocked the increase in calcium transients elicited by the agonist SKF-38393. Collectively, our results suggest that DA is released in a paracrine fashion and acts at ribbon synapses, likely enhancing the activity of presynaptic Cav1.3a channels and thereby increasing neurotransmission. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neurotransmitter dopamine acts in a paracrine fashion (diffusion over a short distance) in several tissues and bodily organs, influencing and regulating their activity. The cellular target and mechanism of the action of dopamine in mechanosensory organs, such as the inner ear and lateral-line organ, is not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that dopamine receptors are present in sensory hair cells at synaptic sites that are required for signaling to the brain. When nearby neurons release dopamine, activation of the dopamine receptors increases the activity of these mechanosensitive cells. The mechanism of dopamine activation requires voltage-gated calcium channels that are also present at hair-cell synapses.
Home Automation Device Protocol (HADP): A Protocol Standard for Unified Device Interactions

Daily activities have become more efficient and convenient with home automation. There are many different home automation devices in the market for consumers to enjoy their home for being smarter, resourceful, and remotely accessible. However, current home automation protocols lack extensibility and compatibility. In this paper, we propose a protocol standard for home automation system called Home Automation Device Protocol (HADP). This protocol standard aims for the interoperability of home automation devices across different platforms. Based on the IFTTT (IF-This-Then-That) model, we define a set of device communication protocols where devices’ triggers and actions are combined to generate and manage interactions through a central node. The proposed protocol standard offers low power consumption and low bandwidth requirements using the minimum data packets to trigger an action on a home automation device. The protocol supports various communication mediums such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.2, ZigBee IP, 6LoWPAN, IEEE 802.15.4 standards, and Ethernet orany network layer supporting IPv6 protocol.
In Vitro Three-Dimensional Cancer Culture Models

The efficacy of chemotherapy drug candidates is conventionally investigated using 2D cancer cell cultures and in vivo animal models. It is crucial to determine signaling pathways, controlling cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, and apoptosis functions, which are not optimal to investigate in the monolayer 2D cell culture models. Further, accurate investigation of tumor growth and therapeutic drug efficacy in murine models is challenging because of technical constraints of in vivo imaging and requires euthanizing the animals. Therefore, alternative in vitro cancer models are needed to facilitate the transition of new chemotherapeutic drug candidates from bench to clinical trials. Recent technological advances in microfabrication and bioengineering have provided tools to develop in vitro 3D cancer models that mimic natural tissue microenvironment. This chapter highlights recent developments in in vitro 3D cancer models and their applications for studying the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug candidates. We discuss the methods and technologies to develop 3D cancer models including embedded and overlay cell culture, suspension culture, bioprinting, hanging drop, microgravity bioreactor, and magnetic levitation. We also discuss the extracellular matrix components and synthetic scaffolds used in vitro 3D cancer models.
Rural Long-Term Care and Informal Caregiving

This chapter uses the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) to update an earlier study by Duncan and Radcliff (Nursing homes and community-based long-term care. In: Glasgow N, Morton LW, Johnson NE (eds) Critical issues in rural health, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, p 251–258, 2004) on the characteristics of nursing homes and their residents using 1999 NNHS data. It extends that study by separating nonmetropolitan counties into micropolitan and other nonmetro counties in order to understand differences in nursing home use across three county types—metro, micro and other nonmetro counties. A stepwise decline in the average number of beds per nursing home is discernible from metro counties to micro counties to other nonzero counties, which is associated with a similar drop across the three county types in the proportion of nursing homes with any specialty units. The survey results on residents in the 2004 NNHS confirms Duncan and Radcliff’s speculation that they are more likely to be admitted from acute-care hospitals if the nursing home is in a metro or micro county than if it is in other nonmetro counties. Finally, the chapter examines the 2004 wave of the Health and Retirement Survey to discern which risk factors for nursing-home residency discriminate among older adults in the three county types. Similar to von Reichert et al. (Chap. 15, this volume), although contrary to other earlier studies, I find that a higher percentage of nonmetro (than metro) older adults have relatives and friends living close by. Perhaps that is why nonmetro residence does not pose a greater risk than metro residence of living in a nursing home. Implications for policy and future research are explored.
Stable Encapsulation of Air in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Fluorocarbon‐Free Nanoscale Ultrasound Contrast Agents

While gas-filled micrometer-sized ultrasound contrast agents vastly improve signal-to-noise ratios, microbubbles have short circulation lifetimes and poor extravasation from the blood. Previously reported fluorocarbon-based nanoscale contrast agents are more stable but their contrast is generally lower owing to their size and dispersity. The contrast agents reported here are composed of silica nanoparticles of ≈100 nm diameter that are filled with ≈3 nm columnar mesopores. Functionalization of the silica surface with octyl groups and resuspension with Pluronic F127 create particles with pores that remain filled with air but are stable in buffer and serum. Administration of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) allows sensitive imaging of the silica nanoparticles down to 10(10) particles mL(-1) , with continuous imaging for at least 20 min. Control experiments with different silica particles supported the hypothesis that entrapped air could be pulled into bubble nuclei, which can then in turn act as acoustic scatterers. This process results in very little hemolysis in whole blood, indicating potential for nontoxic blood pool imaging. Finally, the particles are lyophilized and reconstituted or stored in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline, at least for four months) with no loss in contrast, indicating stability to storage and reformulation.
Myocardial ischemia--silent or symptomatic.

ALTHOUGH "silent ischemia" has recently captured the imagination of investigators and physicians, it is by no means a new concept. One of Holter's two earliest publications included ambulatory elec...
Prolonged Length of Stay after Esophageal Resection: Identifying Drivers of Increased Length of Stay Using the NSQIP Database.

Background Although influence of technical complications in association to hospital length of stay has been studied extensively in esophageal resection, nontechnical factors responsible for prolonged length of stay have not been reported. Using the NSQIP dataset, we hypothesized that we would be able to identify factors associated with prolonged length of stay after esophagectomy. Study Design National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from 2005 to 2012 were reviewed for CPT codes for esophagectomy. Outlier status for length of stay was defined as >75th percentile. Logistic regression was used to predict outlier status and linear regression to discern factors contributing to longer lengths of stay. Results A total of 3,538 cases were reviewed. The 75th percentile for length of stay was 17 days. Preoperative predictors of hospital stay outliers include emergency surgery and frailty index (odds ratios = 3.7 and 3.6; p Conclusions Urinary tract infection and pneumonia after esophagectomy are associated with longer hospital stays. Although meticulous surgical technique remains paramount, our study demonstrates that postoperative nontechnical complications factor into prolonged hospital stays. Focus on such factors can lead to reductions in hospital stays.
Development of the Device-Oriented Subjective Outcome (DOSO) scale.

Background The empiric basis for this work is derived from previous research completed in our laboratory and published in 2005 and 2007. The previous work suggested that self-report hearing aid outcomes can be viewed as device oriented or wearer oriented. Furthermore, compared with wearer-oriented outcomes, device-oriented outcomes were more independent of personality variables. Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a device-oriented questionnaire to measure self-report hearing aid outcomes. Research design Design was a descriptive study in which 140 potential questionnaire items were evaluated and a questionnaire was devised. Study sample A total of 306 adult hearing aid wearers participated: 189 were clinical patients and 117 were participants in hearing aid field trials. Data collection and analysis Some items and some participants were removed because of insufficient responses. The final dataset included 295 participants and 66 items. Response data were subjected to exploratory principal component analysis with orthogonal rotation. Six components, explaining 64% of the variance, were retained. Item statistics were examined. Results Six subscales were identified. Long and short forms of the questionnaire were developed. There are two equivalent versions of the short form. Conclusions The Device-Oriented Subjective Outcome (DOSO) questionnaire is suitable for quantifying subjective hearing aid outcomes in both research and clinical settings. The DOSO is especially suited for comparing outcomes with different hearing aids. Future research is needed to cross-validate the results, determine retest consistency, and to explore the extent to which data from the DOSO is independent of personality.
Binding characteristics of a radiolabeled agonist and antagonist at central nervous system alpha noradrenergic receptors.

Binding of the alpha noradrenergic agonist [3H]clonidine and the alpha antagonist [3H]WB-4101 (2-([29,69-dimethoxy]phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan) to rat brain membranes exhibits characteristics expected of alpha receptors for norepinephrine. Binding of both [3H]ligands is saturable, with KD values of 5.8 nM and 0.48 nM for [3H]clonidine and [3H]WB-4101, respectively. A series of catecholamines inhibits the binding of both ligands with the potency order epinephrine > norepinephrine >> isoproterenol, corresponding to the relative activities of these agents at alpha receptors in the periphery. Competition for binding is stereoselective, with (-) isomers of phenylethanolamines many times more potent than the corresponding (+) isomers. Classical alpha antagonists inhibit binding of both ligands at low concentrations, but beta antagonists are much weaker. Alpha agonists are more potent in displacing [3H]clonidine than [3H]WB-4101 binding, while alpha antagonists compete more avidly for [3H]WB-4101 sites. Partial agonist ergot alkaloids display similar affinities for the binding sites of both [3H]ligands. These findings may be explained by the existence of discrete agonist and antagonist states of the alpha receptor, which preferentially bind [3H]clonidine and [3H]WB-4101, respectively. Regional variations in the binding of both [3H]ligands in the brain are not pronounced, although levels tend to be highest in hypothalamus and cerebral cortex and lowest in cerebellum. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine fails to decrease the binding of either [3H]ligand, suggesting that binding occurs to postsynaptic sites.
Present Situation Investigation on Human Resources of Disease Prevention and Control at Township(Town) level in Pu'er City

[Objective]To learn the present situation of human resources of epidemic prevention team at township(town) level and implementation of expanded program on immunization in Pu'er city,and put forward the suggestions and countermeasures on construction of disease prevention and control team according to the results. [Methods]The uniform programs and questionnaire were designed,and construction of disease prevention and control team in all townships(towns) was investigated in different counties(districts). [Results]The specialty of epidemic prevention professional at township(town) level was dominated by clinical medicine,and personnel graduated from public health specialty only accounted for 6.30%.The personnel with undergraduate diploma accounted for 2.36%,and personnel with junior titles accounted for 66.14%.The epidemic prevention professional accounted for only 9.10% of total service personnel. [Conclusion]In the epidemic prevention team at township level in Pu'er city,there exist shortages of professional,heavy task,low salary and great difference in human resources structure,which are the bottleneck on implementation and improvement of basic service.Therefore,it is important to increase the number of personnel,improve personnel quality,strengthen management and improve treatment in future work.
Comparation of HAc with HCl in effects on physical characteristics in inductively coupled plasma

Objective:To investigate the influence of excitation temperature and electron density in ICP for HCl and HAc solvents.Methods:The excitation temperature and electron density were measured at different HCl and HAc concentrations.Results:The excitation temperature and electron density decreased when the concentration of HCl and HAc increased.Conclusion:HCl and HAc result in the decrease of excitation temperature and electron density.HAc has more obvious impact on excitation temperature and electron density.
Fertility in cryptorchidism. Does treatment make a difference

The recommended age of treatment of cryptorchidism has decreased radically over the past few decades based on the histopathologic changes that progress with increasing age for the undescended testis. There are no clear data to indicate that the risks of infertility or malignancy are ameliorated by earlier treatment of cryptorchidism. This confusion partially results from the multiple causes and varying amounts of compromised potential for the cryptorchid testis. It has not been proved that the correction of cryptorchidism in infancy or early childhood increases fertility or decreases the risk of malignancy. Such treatment is not appropriate while awaiting substantial data. Careful, controlled follow-up studies are indicated.
Are the BRICS a Sum of Their Parts

Schaefer and Poffenbarger describe the primary foreign policy and strategic culture foundations of the BRICS states individually. This is done to search for both commonalities and contradictions among the BRICS membership. The existence of the BRICS as an international organization (IO) runs in opposition to traditional international relations theory on the formation of IOs. This IO exists with diversity across government type, level of development, geography, and international power. The BRICS also exist with serious bilateral tensions between some of the membership. The authors analyze the foreign policy of each state to search for common strategic interests so that they can better project the functional development of the BRICS formation.
Nature of the Mouse Egg’s Receptor for Sperm

The zona pellucida is an extracellular coat that surrounds all mammalian eggs. Sperm must penetrate the zona pellucida in order to reach and fuse with the plasma membrane of unfertilized eggs. Penetration is accomplished by a sequence of events involving both egg and sperm. First, sperm must bind to the outer margin of the zona pellucida. Such binding is mediated in a relatively species-specific manner by “sperm receptors” in the zona pellucida. Second, sperm must undergo the “acrosome reaction”, a membrane fusion event, in order to traverse the zona pellucida.
GG-06 Single cell gene expression studies in lupus patient monocytes reveal novel patterns reflecting disease activity, interferon, and medical treatment

Background Our previous studies have shown that different cell types from the same sample demonstrate diverse gene expression, and important findings can be masked in mixed cell populations. In this study, we examine single cell gene expression in SLE patient monocytes and determine correlations with clinical features. Materials and methods CD14++CD16- classical monocytes (CLs) and CD14dimCD16+ non-classical monocytes (NCLs) from SLE patients were purified by magnetic separation. The Fluidigm single cell capture and Rt-PCR system was used to quantify expression of 87 monocyte-related genes. Results Both CLs and NCLs demonstrated a wide range of expression of IFN-induced genes, and NCL monocytes had higher IFN scores than CL monocytes. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the entire data set demonstrated two unique clusters found only in SLE patients, one related to high disease activity and one related to prednisone use. Independent clusters in the SLE patients were related to disease activity (SLEDAI 10 or greater), interferon signature, and medication use, indicating that each of these factors exerted a different impact on monocyte gene expression that could be separately identified. A subset of anti-inflammatory gene set expressing NCLs was inversely correlated with anti-dsDNA titers (rho = −0.77, p = 0.0051) and positively correlated with C3 complement (rho = 0.68, p = 0.030) in the SLE patient group. Conclusions Using single cell gene expression, we have identified a unique gene expression patterns that reflect the major clinical and immunologic characteristics of the SLE patients which are not evident in bulk cell data, supporting the critical importance of the single cell technique.
Back-pedaling or continuing quietly? Assessing the impact of ICLEI membership termination on cities’ sustainability actions

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, cities have emerged as leaders in sustainability and climate protection in the United States. ICLEI, a voluntary network of local governments, played an important role driving this trend. After years of steady growth, ICLEI became a target of political opposition and its membership dropped significantly from 2010 to 2012. This begs the question of whether cities’ termination of their ICLEI affiliation diminishes their implementation of sustainability actions. Two surveys administered in 2010 and 2014 provide data on cities’ implementation of an array of sustainability actions. Using a difference-in-differences (DiD) method, the impact of ICLEI termination on local governments’ administrative and policy commitments to sustainability is assessed. The results suggest that ending ICLEI membership does not significantly impact local sustainability actions, and also indicate that the durability of policy actions may be only loosely linked to the policies that justify them.
Compact modeling of silicon carbide lateral MOSFETs for extreme environment integrated circuits

Silicon carbide (SiC) based semiconductor devices have been gaining tremendous traction in the last decade due to the inherent material advantages [1]. While most of the efforts in developing SiC devices are focused on discrete power semiconductors, a team at GE GRC is developing SiC based integrated circuits that can be used in extremely high temperature applications such as geothermal drilling, aviation electronics, space exploration etc. [2] This ability of SiC is attributed to its low intrinsic carrier concentration, due to which SiC based devices have leakage currents that are several orders of magnitude lower than their Si counterparts under high ambient temperatures.
One-Step Generation of Salt-Responsive Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules via Surfactant-Organized Nanoscale Interfacial Complexation in Emulsions (SO NICE).

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are versatile compartments for encapsulation, protection, and controlled/triggered release of active agents. Conventional methods of polyelectrolyte microcapsule preparation require multiple steps or do not allow for efficient encapsulation of active agents in the lumen of the microcapsule. In this work, we present the fabrication of hollow polyelectrolyte microcapsules with a salt-responsive property based on surfactant organized nanoscale interfacial complexation in emulsions (SO NICE). In SO NICE, polyelectrolyte microcapsules are templated by water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions. One polyelectrolyte is dissolved in the inner water droplet of the W/O/W double emulsions, whereas the second polyelectrolyte is dissolved in the organic phase by hydrophobic ion paring with an oppositely charged hydrophobic surfactant. Interfacial complexation of the two polyelectrolytes generates a few hundred-nanometer thick film at the inner water–oil interface of the W/O/W double e...
Engineering and Legal Professions: Interaction Needed

Due to our advancing technology, there has been an increase in the number of litigations involving highly complex technical matters. Unfortunately decisions are being made in these cases by individuals with limited technical background. On matters dealing with public policy, the interests of the general public are certainly not best served if such decisions are of questionable validity or erroneous because of this situation. It follows that the engineering profession has a responsibility to find more effective means of impacting on decisions handed down from such litigation and other legal proceedings.
Will clinical parameters reliably predict external ventricular drain-associated ventriculitis: Is frequent routine cerebrospinal fluid surveillance necessary?

BACKGROUND The placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) for monitoring and treatment of increased intracranial pressure is not without risk, particularly for the development of associated ventriculitis. The goal of this study was to investigate whether changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, or clinical parameters are correlated with the development of ventriculitis before it occurs, allowing for the determination of optimal timing of CSF collection. METHODS An observational retrospective study was conducted between January 2006 and May 2012. A total of 466 patients were identified as having an in-situ EVD placed. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years, glasgow coma scale (GCS) 4-15, and placement of EVD for any indication. Exclusion criteria included recent history of meningitis, cerebral abscess, cranial surgery or open skull fracture within the previous 30 days. A broad definition of ventriculitis was used to separate patients into three initial categories, two of which had sufficient patients to proceed with analysis: suspected ventriculitis and confirmed ventriculitis. CSF sampling was conducted on alternating weekdays. RESULTS A total of 466 patients were identified as having an EVD and 123 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence of ventriculitis was 8.8%. Only the ratio of glucose CSF: serum <0.5 was found to be of statistical significance, though not correlated to developing a ventriculitis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates no reliable tested CSF, serum, or clinical parameters that are effectively correlated with the development of ventriculitis in an EVD patient. Thus, we recommend and will continue to draw CSF samples from patients with in-situ EVDs on our current schedule for as long as the EVD remains in place.
It's A Marathon, Not A Sprint, and Other Lessons for Supporting Librarianship and Motherhood

Academic library administrators may struggle with how best to support librarians who are also mothers of young children. Using both qualitative interviews with librarian-moms and the current literature on how academic faculty balance work and family, this article highlights four key lessons for library administrators to use to help librarian-moms succeed in the workplace.
Work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngologists by subspecialty: A national survey.

Objective Given the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms, increased appreciation for workplace ergonomics is critical. The purpose of this study is to assess work-related musculoskeletal symptoms and injury among otolaryngologists across subspecialties, as well as to quantify the understanding and application of ergonomic principles in the operating room. Study design Cross-sectional study. Methods An online REDCap survey was distributed electronically to University of Kansas faculty, alumni, and residents; members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; and residency program coordinators for distribution to residents and faculty between August 2016 and March 2017. The survey assessed caseload, ergonomic practices, and associated musculoskeletal symptoms by type of procedure and impact of symptoms on surgeon practice. Results The survey was distributed to 3,006 individuals. We received 377 responses (12.5%), with 63.9% reporting symptoms. The majority of respondents began to experience symptoms in residency or fellowship. Neck and shoulder were the most affected body areas across all types of surgeries. One-third of surgeons were formally taught or actively sought information on ergonomics principles. Among those who applied ergonomics in practice, 69.6% observed improvement in their symptoms. Conclusion Although musculoskeletal issues are prevalent among otolaryngologists, awareness of surgical ergonomics principles among otolaryngologists remains limited. Early instruction in ergonomic principles is important because work-related musculoskeletal symptoms commonly present in residency. Most respondents reporting the application of ergonomic principles also acknowledge symptom improvement. Level of evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 128:632-640, 2018.
Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 in Escherichia coli lung infection model in mice.

G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 (GRK6) is a serine/threonine kinase that is important in inflammatory processes. In this study, we examined the role of GRK6 in Escherichia coli-induced lung inf...
Optical absorption in disordered monolayer molybdenum disulfide

We explore the combined impact of sulfur vacancies and electronic interactions on the optical properties of monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$. First, we present a generalized Anderson-Hubbard Hamiltonian that accounts for both randomly distributed sulfur vacancies and the presence of dielectric screening within the material. Second, we parametrize this energy-dependent Hamiltonian from first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and the Green's function and screened Coulomb (GW) method. Third, we apply a first-principles-based many-body typical medium method to determine the single-particle electronic structure. Fourth, we solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation to obtain the charge susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ with its imaginary part being related to the absorbance $\mathcal{A}$. Our results show that an increased vacancy concentration leads to decreased absorption both in the band continuum and from exciton states within the band gap. We also observe increased absorption below the band-gap threshold and present an expression, which describes Lifshitz tails, in excellent qualitative agreement with our numerical calculations. This latter increased absorption in the $1.0--2.5\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ range makes defect engineering of potential interest for solar cell applications.
The Gynecologic Pelvic Examination

All incontinent patients should undergo a complete gynecologic pelvic examination. Care is taken to examine the estrogenic condition of the vulva and vagina and the structural integrity of these organs. Decreased estrogen effect found on examination of the lower genital tract directly parallels the changes seen in the urethra on cytologic examination. Such estrogen deficit may have a profound effect on lower urinary tract function. In addition, observations are made of any pelvic relaxation that may be present. The anterior, posterior and apical vaginal walls are all examined for prolapse. These can be examined independently by the use of a Sims speculum or the posterior blade of a bivalve speculum to isolate first the anterior and then the posterior wall of the vagina. Central and paravaginal defects may be analyzed. The degree of prolapse and its effect on the voiding and storage phases may be evaluated with “pessary testing” as discussed in Chapter 34.
Educational and Experiential Background

No one doubts that formal education and professional and life experiences influence the way a nurse interacts with her patients. There is disagreement, however, as to whether the direction this influence takes is always really desirable. There is also disagreement as to whether education and experience can produce the same influence and thus are interchangeable.
MR imaging findings of the prostate gland following prostate artery embolization: results from a prospective phase 2 study.

To assess changes in imaging and volume characteristics of the prostate gland by magnetic resonance (MR) following prostatic artery embolization (PAE) for benign prostate hyperplasia. With IRB approval, we analyzed prospectively acquired MR data of PAE patients at baseline and 6-month following treatment from 2015 to 2017. We reviewed prostate MRs looking for sequelae of embolization [changes in signal intensity and/or enhancement, infection/inflammation, infarction, edema, and change in intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP)]. We calculated the total volume (TV) and central gland volumes (CGV) using DynaCAD® and measured change in volumes. Analyses were performed using SPSS with p < 0.05 considered significant. Forty-three patients (n = 43) met our inclusion criteria. 93% (30/43) and 100% (43/43) showed a decrease in TV and CGV at 6-months respectively. At baseline, median TV was 86 cc (range 29.4–232) and median CGV was 54.4 cc (range 12.9–165.5). Median decrease in TV was 18.2% (CI 13.3–27.2) (p = 0.0001) and median decrease in CGV was 26.7% (CI 20.4–35.9) (p = 0.0001). Thirty-seven percent (16/43) of patients had IPP at baseline; 100% showed a decrease in size of median lobe at follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, 33% (14/43) showed imaging features of infarction, 79% (34/43) had decrease in T2-signal intensity, and 51% (22/43) showed a decrease in enhancement. None had edema, peri-prostatic fat changes or infection/inflammation. PAE causes a statistically significant reduction in the TV and CGV. There is also a reduction of the degree of IPP. Non-specific findings of infarction, decrease in T2-signal, and enhancement were also seen.
Tracking autonomic balance using an open-loop model of the arterial baroreflex.

Blood pressure control is vital for maintaining adequate perfusion of the brain and other organs in the body across varying physiological demands, and the arterial baroreceptor reflex (baroreflex) ...
How Is Telemedicine Being Used In Opioid And Other Substance Use Disorder Treatment

Only a small proportion of people with a substance use disorder (SUD) receive treatment. The shortage of SUD treatment providers, particularly in rural areas, is an important driver of this treatment gap. Telemedicine could be a means of expanding access to treatment. However, several key regulatory and reimbursement barriers to greater use of telemedicine for SUD (tele-SUD) exist, and both Congress and the states are considering or have recently passed legislation to address them. To inform these efforts, we describe how tele-SUD is being used. Using claims data for 2010-17 from a large commercial insurer, we identified characteristics of tele-SUD users and examined how tele-SUD is being used in conjunction with in-person SUD care. Despite a rapid increase in tele-SUD over the study period, we found low use rates overall, particularly relative to the growth in telemental health. Tele-SUD is primarily used to complement in-person care and is disproportionately used by those with relatively severe SUD. Given the severity of the opioid epidemic, low rates of tele-SUD use represent a missed opportunity. As tele-SUD becomes more available, it will be important to monitor closely which tele-SUD delivery models are being used and their impact on access and outcomes.
Hematological Complications of Impella as an Unloading Device in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock and Veno-Arterial ECMO. A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

Purpose Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is commonly used in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. However, left ventricular unloading may be impaired due to an increase in afterload caused by VA-ECMO. Impella has surged as an unloading device in this scenario but, its concomitant use with VA-ECMO has been associated with a higher risk of bleeding, hemolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in these patients. Methods This is a metanalysis and systematic review that aimed to evaluate the hematological complications of the concomitant use of Impella and VA-ECMO in patients with cardiogenic shock. Pubmed, Cochrane and Scopus data based were used. Primary end-point included hemolysis, bleeding, and AKI requiring RRT. Results Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The use of Impella as an unloading device in patients with cardiogenic shock on VA-ECMO was associated with increasing the risk of hemolysis RR: 2.64, 95% CI (1.97-3.55) p= Conclusion This metanalysis suggests that the use of Impella as an unloading device in patients with cardiogenic shock in VA-ECMO has a higher risk of hemolysis, but an equal risk of bleeding and AKI requiring RRT than patients treated with VA-ECMO alone.
The New View of Pre-Lung Transplant Determinants for Predicting De Novo Donor Specific Antibody and Transplant Rejection

Purpose New era of histocompatibility risk assessment for organ transplantation has been extended from HLA to non-HLA and from antigen to epitope targets. De novo HLA donor-specific antibody (dDSA) after lung transplant (LuT) is prevalent and associated with poorer transplant outcomes. We investigated the impact of HLA-Epitope Mismatch Load (EpiMML) and preformed non-HLA auto antibody (pAuAb) to development of dDSA and rejections. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 572 recipients with LuT during 10/2012-10/2017 for the formation of dDSA. EpiMMLs were determined by HLA-Matchmaker (Version 02) among 242 recipients who had four-digit high resolution typing. pAuAbs were detected among a subgroup of 118 patients. Acute Cellular Rejection (ACR) and Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR) were assessed for LuT outcomes. Results EpiMMLs for HLA-A, B, C, DR, and DQ were all significantly higher from patients with positive dDSA than from patients with negative dDSA (Table 1a). pAuAbs to Angiotensinogen and Vimentin were clearly related to the formation of dDSA (p Conclusion EpiMML and pAuAbs provided a more accurate and broader perspective for predicting dDSA at pre-LuT time, which may guide donor selection and optimize post-transplant immune suppression to reduce the risk of ACR and AMR related negative impact to transplantation.
Specific Capacity Investment in Supply Chains With Renegotiation

A supplier must invest and build specific capacity for its buyer to lower variable production cost long before uncertainties have been resolved. Bearing the upfront capacity and cost-reduction investment costs, the supplier under-builds the specialized capacity and under-invests in cost reduction. To resolve this issue, the supply chain partners often rely on informal agreements plus ex post renegotiation. This paper shows that neither quantity commitment only or price only initial agreement can induce the supplier to invest and build specific capacity at the channelefficient level. The supplier will over-invest but under-build the specific capacity under quantity commitment only contracts, and will under-invest but over-build the specific capacity under priceonly initial contracts. There exists an initial quantity plus price contract or option contract that induces the supplier to build the capacity and invest in cost reduction at the first-best level with or without ex post renegotiation. To improve the channel efficiency, the firms will renegotiate ex post with probability one under the quantity plus contract, but will renegotiate only if realized demand is high so that options are exercised up.