cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educational Planning and Academic Achievement of Middle School Students: A Racial and Cultural Comparison

A nationally representative sample of middle school students from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds was surveyed on educational aspirations, planning, and achievements. Results indicated significant racial and gender differences in educational and voational planning help-seeking behaviors. Results also indicated a significant race and sex interaction in students' educational aspirations as well as perception of parental expectations. Students' educational aspirations were significantly related to their current academic achievements. In many cases, students' aspirations and perceived parents' expectations did not match closely. Significant dtfferences in mathematics, science, and reading proficiency among racial and sex groups also were indicated. Implications for counseling are discussed.
Uncertainty Analysis of the Grazing Flow Impedance Tube

This paper outlines a methodology to identify the measurement uncertainty of NASA Langley s Grazing Flow Impedance Tube (GFIT) over its operating range, and to identify the parameters that most significantly contribute to the acoustic impedance prediction. Two acoustic liners are used for this study. The first is a single-layer, perforate-over-honeycomb liner that is nonlinear with respect to sound pressure level. The second consists of a wire-mesh facesheet and a honeycomb core, and is linear with respect to sound pressure level. These liners allow for evaluation of the effects of measurement uncertainty on impedances educed with linear and nonlinear liners. In general, the measurement uncertainty is observed to be larger for the nonlinear liners, with the largest uncertainty occurring near anti-resonance. A sensitivity analysis of the aerodynamic parameters (Mach number, static temperature, and static pressure) used in the impedance eduction process is also conducted using a Monte-Carlo approach. This sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the impedance eduction process is virtually insensitive to each of these parameters.
Disparities in access to care among asthmatic children in relation to race and socioeconomic status

Asthma is one of the leading chronic illnesses among children in the United States. International epidemiological studies have also shown asthma prevalence is an increasing problem. The objective of this study was to examine the correlates of access to care among asthmatic children age 0-17 in the United States. This is a retrospective study and secondary data analysis of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Parametric testing using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to examine health care utilization among children with asthma in the United States. It was found that Black children were highly associated with not visiting a general doctor in the past 12 months (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.30, 0.75). Uninsured asthmatic children were associated with the risk of not seeing a general doctor in the past 12 months (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23, 0.69). Our study findings indicate disparities among Black children with asthma and their ability to access appropriate health care services. Additional studies are required to identify factors that contribute to the temporal trends in asthma and country of origin.
First quantitative measurement of the basicity of a silylamine in an aqueous medium

Abstract The first quantitative measurement of the basicity of a silylamine in an aqueous medium was accomplished by determining the p K B of 1-diethylamino-3,5,7-trimethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrasilaadamantane (IIIa) in 40% H 2 O/60% THF solution. The p K B showed that IIIa is a substantially weaker base than analogous carbon amines. The results are accomodated by d π  p π bonding in the ground state, although an additional factor, the “adjacent charge rule” may also be involved.
Factors associated with iron chlorosis of kentucky bluegrass cultivars

Abstract Significant differences in iron and chlorophyll content occurred between 25 cultivars and 5 blends of 3‐year‐old, well established Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). ‘Adelphi’, Ill. 38–17, ‘Sodco’, ‘Sydsport’, ‘Windsor’, and blends of ‘Cannon’ + ‘Kenblue’, and ‘Windsor’ + ‘Merion’ received highest visual ratings for dark green color.
What African American Male Adolescents Are Telling Us about HIV Infection among Their Peers: Cultural Approaches for HIV Prevention

This study explored the beliefs of African American male adolescents concerning the high rates of HIV infection among their peers and their reasons for those beliefs. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 16 male African Americans, and a thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Half of the participants believed that peers were not becoming infected at higher rates than white youths and reported high rates of sexual risk taking. Conspiracy beliefs and high rates of sexual adventurism for all teenagers were among the reasons offered to support this belief. Participants who believed the uneven incidence rates reported low levels of sexual risk taking. These participants identified early and unsafe sexual activity -- in conjunction with social factors such as negative peer and media influences, poor parental supervision, and dangerous neighborhood environments -- as contributing reasons for these disparate rates. Sexual behaviors were markedly different among both groups. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of culturally relevant approaches to prevention of HIV infection among this group.
Automatic Fall Detection and Activity Classification by a Wearable Camera

Automated monitoring of everyday physical activities of elderly has come a long way in the past two decades. These activities might range from critical events such as falls requiring rapid and robust detection to classifying daily activities such as walking, sitting and lying down for long term prognosis. Researchers have constantly strived to come up with innovative methods based on different sensor systems in order to build a robust automated system. These sensor systems can be broadly classified into wearable and ambient sensors. Various vision and non-vision based sensors have been employed in the process. Most popular wearable sensors employ non-vision based sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes and have the advantage of not being confined to restricted environments. But resource limitations leave them vulnerable to false positives and render the task of classifying activities very challenging. On the other hand, popular ambient vision based sensors like wall mounted cameras which have resource capabilities for better activity classification are confined to a specific monitoring environment and by nature raise privacy concerns. Recently, integrated wearable sensor systems with accelerometers and camera on a single device have been introduced wherein the camera is used to provide contextual information in order to validate the accelerometer readings. In this chapter, a new idea of using a smart camera as a waist worn fall detection and activity classification system is presented. Therefore, a methodology to classify sitting and lying down activities with such a system is introduced in order to further substantiate the concept of event detection and activity classification with wearable smart cameras.
The good bureaucrat

26 Most social workers carry at least three dif ferent roles. The nature and organization of their work leaves them no choice in the matter; nor does their consciousness of it have any direct relevance. They may per form all three roles more compenently if they know what they are, but perform them they must. This article identifies the three roles and discusses the third in detail, be cause it is too often ignored.
Effect of insulin on metabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate by plasma cell tumor (MPC-11).

Addition of insulin to cultured mouse plasma tumor cells (MPC-11) increases the entry of tritiated cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (3H-cAMP). No increase of entry of N6-O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′ cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), 5′ adenosine monophosphate (5′ AMP) or adenosine was noted in the presence of insulin. The stimulation of cAMP transport by insulin was concentration dependent and inactivated insulin had no effect on nucleotide transport. Intracellular radioactivity after transport of cAMP was largely 5′AMP, while most of the extracellular radioactivity remained as cAMP after incubation.
Niche dynamics of deer mice in a fragmented, old-growth-forest landscape.

Peromyscus oreas and P. maniculatus were non-randomly distributed across macrohabitats (including continuous old-growth forests, old-growth corridors, old-growth fragments, and clearcuts) of the Olympic National Forest, Washington. At this landscape scale, population densities of P. oreas were significantly higher in old-growth sites, particularly continuous forest and corridors, while densities of P. maniculatus were highest in clearcuts. At a finer scale, niche breadths measured across local habitats (within each macrohabitat) were broadest in preferred macrohabitat of each species. The potential importance of interspecific interactions was reflected in an inverse correlation between densities of the two species across all sites, niche segregation at the landscape (between macrohabitat) and local scales, and by the relatively high densities of P. oreas in forest fragments that lacked P. maniculatus . Relative densities of the two species combined were nearly as high in corridors as they were in continuous old-growth, and were nearly double that found in fragments and clearcuts. Given the importance of these rodents as prey for other vertebrates, including the endangered northern spotted owl ( Strix occidentalis caurina ), maintaining stands of continuous old-growth and forested corridors should remain a priority for conserving diversity of native forest communities.
Gondwanatheria and ?Multituberculata (Mammalia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

In addition to four isolated mammalian teeth from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Madagascar described previously and allocated to Gondwanatheria, Marsupialia, and Mammalia incertae sedis , here I put on record five more specimens. Four of these, a virtually complete lower molariform cheek tooth, two fragmentary cheek teeth, and a fragmentary lower incisor, are referred to the Sudamericidae (Gondwanatheria). The internal structure of the hypsodont cheek teeth, as revealed by micro-computed tomography scans to simulate different stages of wear, is highly variable. Limited knowledge of intra-individual morphological and size variability in the dentition of sudamericids, which are known almost exclusively from isolated teeth, precludes a conclusive assessment of whether some or all of the new specimens belong to Lavanify miolaka , the only previously described sudamericid from Madagascar, or to a new taxon. Conservatively, therefore, pending the recovery of better material, all four specimens are referred to Sudamericidae gen. et sp. indet. The fifth specimen, a molar fragment, is tentatively allocated to the Multituberculata, thereby adding to the controversial specimens that comprise the very sparse and questionable record of this clade on the southern supercontinent Gondwana. The new specimens do not provide any profound insight into the origins of the highly endemic and imbalanced extant mammalian fauna on Madagascar; rather, they provide only more negative evidence. Like those previously described, they do not represent the basal stocks of any of the five mammalian clades that live on the island today and therefore further support the growing consensus that representatives of the extant clades arrived in the Cenozoic.
Teaching About Social Loafing The Accounting Team Exercise

Many classroom groups have difficulties with individuals who do not do their fair share of the workload. The experience of “social loafing” is widespread and often not well handled. The Accounting Team exercise was developed to examine this issue. Classroom groups are given the case of six team members of an accounting firm and asked to identify how to deal with a social loafer and another member who was not loafing, but had a performance problem. As an added twist, one group member has been given a slightly different case instructing him/her to be a social loafer in the group discussion. This is revealed in the debrief and discussed, followed by a short lecture/handout on “Addressing Social Loafing.” Finally, the group is asked to identify ways they can reduce social loafing in their own classroom group.
Numerical Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel Using a New Reduced Mechanism for Methyl Decanoate as Surrogate

A skeletal mechanism with 118 species and 837 reactions was developed from a detailed LLNL mechanism for a biodiesel surrogate mixture with equal mole fraction of methyl decanoate, methy-9-decenoate and n-heptane, through subsequent applications of a revised method for directed relation graph (DRG), isomer lumping, and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA). The reduction was performed within a parameter range of pressure from 1 to 100atm, equivalence ratio from 0.5 to 2, and temperature above 1000K for both auto-ignition and perfect stirred reactors. The detailed mechanism consists of 3329 species and 10806 reactions. With the reduction in mechanism size by almost a factor of 30, the skeletal mechanism was shown to still feature a good accuracy for temperature higher than 1000K, both in predicting the system parameters, such as ignition delay and extinction time, and detailed species profiles, compared with the detailed mechanism. Numerical simulations in jet stirred reactors were also performed and compared with experimental measurements for rapeseed oil methyl ester. This skeletal mechanism can be used to model methyl esters from different feedstocks since it is a tri-component mixture.© 2010 ASME
Randomized double-blind trial of terodiline in the treatment of urge incontinence in women

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of terodiline in women with urge incontinence. METHODS After a 2-week run-in period, 93 women with urinary frequency and urge incontinence were randomized to either placebo or terodiline, 25 mg twice daily, in a double-blind study for 4 weeks. Symptoms were evaluated using daily frequency-volume charts to record voiding frequency, number of incontinent episodes, absorbent pad use, and quality of life. RESULTS The terodiline group showed a 70% decrease in the mean (+/- standard deviation) number of incontinent episodes per week (15.8 +/- 24, decreasing to 4.9 +/- 11.9; P < .01), which persisted throughout the study period. The placebo group achieved a 9% reduction in the mean number of incontinent episodes (13.0 +/- 11.3, decreasing to 11.9 +/- 16; P < .05) only in the final week of treatment. Side effects, especially anticholinergic side effects, were more common in the terodiline group, but resulted in only one dropout. Both the treated and placebo groups improved in daytime frequency and quality-of-life indices. CONCLUSION Terodiline is well tolerated and effective in reducing urge incontinent episodes in women.
Complications of Penile Prosthesis Surgery for Impotence

Complications and their management in 1,207 cases of semirigid rod prosthesis for erectile failure are presented. Major complications occurred in 7.8 per cent of the cases. Complications and management of 84 cases of impotence treated with inflatable penile prostheses also are discussed. Mechanical problems occurred in 44 per cent of the cases and medical complications occurred in 10 per cent.
New taxonomic, stratigraphic, and geographic information on the genus Faksephyllia Floris, 1972 (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae); first records from the Oligocene of Austria, Germany, and Italy.

The scleractinian genus Faksephyllia Floris, 1972, is revised based on the study of original and topotypic material as well as original descriptions. Representatives of this genus have been reported from only a small number of lower Paleogene localities, including the Danian of Azerbaijan, Denmark (Greenland), Kazakhstan, and Sweden, as well as the Paleocene of Austria and Denmark (Fakse). New material belonging to the type species of Faksephyllia ( F. faxoensis ) is described from the Lower Oligocene of Austria (Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol). In addition, material from the Oligocene of Germany and the Lower Oligocene of Italy, formerly grouped with the genera Calamophyllia and Rhabdophyllia , are here re-assigned and transferred to Faksephyllia . The genus Faksephyllia remains a monospecific taxon, including only the type species, Faksephyllia faxoensis (Beck, in Lyell). In addition, Faksephyllia represents the earliest colonial genus among the caryophylliids.
Longer average blood storage duration is associated with increased risk of infection and overall morbidity following radical cystectomy.

Abstract Background Patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) experience high rates of perioperative blood transfusions (PBTs) and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blood storage duration on the risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in this high-risk patient population. Materials and methods In a retrospective review of RC patients from 2010 to 2014 who received PBTs, the average storage duration for all units transfused was used to classify patients as receiving older blood using 3 different definitions (≥21 days,≥28 days, and≥35 days). Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to determine the adjusted relative risk of perioperative infections and overall morbidity in those given older blood compared to fresher blood. Results Of the 451 patients undergoing RC, 205 (45%) received nonirradiated PBTs. In multivariable modeling, increasing average blood storage duration, as a continuous variable, was associated with an increased risk of infections (risk ratio [RR] = 1.08 per day, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17) and overall morbidity (RR = 1.08 per day, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). Furthermore, ≥28-day blood storage (vs. Conclusions Although blood is stored up to 42 days, storage≥28 days may expose RC patients to increased perioperative infections and overall morbidity compared with storage
Gender Segregation in the Workplace

When we consider women in their role as members of the work force outside the home, two major phenomena command our attention: (1) occupations are segregated by gender to a remarkable degree and (2) women are much more likely than men to interrupt their out-of-home work careers in order to care for children. The second topic is considered in some depth in other chapters in this volume; this chapter will focus primarily on the central fact that working women are clustered mainly in one set of occupations, men mainly in others.
64. A Computational Analysis of Verbal Fluency in Schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Verbal fluency tasks are widely used to assess language organization and executive functioning. Meta-analyses of verbal fluency performance in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) indicate greater impairment on semantic (SF) than phonemic fluency (PF). Because SF depends more on efficient word retrieval within subcategories (clustering) and PF more on shifting between subcategories (switching), fluency impairment has been linked to clustering difficulties in SZ. However, most scoring methods rely on subjective judgments to determine clusters and switches, which reduces reliability. Here, we test a novel computational method to objectively capture clustering, switching, and overall retrieval organization from fluency performance in SZ and demographically matched healthy controls (HC). Methods: PF and SF (“animals”) tasks were administered to SZ and HC. Responses were transcribed from audio recordings into text files for computational analysis using VFClust (Ryan et al, 2013). VFClust utilizes latent semantic analysis (LSA) to quantify the semantic similarity of ordered word pairs as well as a combination of the Cargenie Mellon Phonemic Dictionary (CMUDict) with the Levenshtein distance method to determine phonemic similarity of ordered word pairs. Similarity thresholds were established and applied to these pairwise similarity scores (PSS) to determine cluster or chain inclusion. Clusters included words in which every word pair in that cluster had a PSS above threshold. Chains consisted of words in which PSS of adjacent words were above threshold. Switches were counted when PSS were below threshold, signifying a shift from one category to another. Output metrics for each individual included total words produced, mean size of chains and clusters, number of chains, clusters, and switches, and mean PSS across all ordered word pairs for SF and PF. Results: SZ were impaired compared to HC on SF but not PF. SF deficit was driven by a lower number of chains and clusters produced by SZ compared with HC. Group differences in SF were not driven by any other measures. Negative symptoms were inversely correlated with the total number of words produced and the switch count in SF. Conclusion: Objective, computationally derived fluency metrics captured group differences observed in SF in SZ. Interestingly, the lack of difference in cluster size questions SZ deficits in generating sizable clusters. Instead, limitations in the ability to retrieve a variety of semantically associated words (multiple clusters) seem to underlie performance deficits. Intact switching despite lower number of clusters and chains could indicate increased activation between (conventionally) unrelated words. While altered, semantic relatedness could cascade to thought disorder and abnormal interpersonal interactions, in this study, we only observed a significant negative association with negative symptoms.
360° view camera based visual assistive technology for contextual scene information

In this paper, a system to aid the visually impaired by providing contextual information of the surroundings using 360° view camera combined with deep learning is proposed. The system uses a 360° view camera with a mobile device to capture surrounding scene information and provide contextual information to the user in the form of audio. The scene information from the spherical camera feed is classified by identifying objects that contain contextual information of the scene. That is achieved using convolutional neural networks (CNN) for classification by leveraging CNN transfer learning properties using the pre-trained VGG-19 network. There are two challenges related to this paper, a classification and a segmentation challenge. As an initial prototype, we have experimented with general classes such restaurants, coffee shops and street signs. We have achieved a 92.8% classification accuracy in this paper.
The utility of home sleep apnea tests in patients with low versus high pre-test probability for moderate to severe OSA

Home sleep apnea tests (HSATs) are an alternative to attended polysomnograms (PSGs) when the pre-test probability for moderate to severe OSA is high. However, insurers often mandate use anytime OSA is suspected regardless of the pre-test probability. Our objective was to determine the ability of HSATs to rule in OSA when the pre-test probability of an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in the moderate to severe range is low. Patients who underwent HSATs were characterized as low or high pre-test probability based on the presence of two symptoms of the STOP instrument plus either BMI > 35 or male gender. The odds of HSAT diagnostic for OSA dependent on pre-test probability was calculated. Stepwise selection determined predictors of non-diagnostic HSAT. As PSG is performed after HSATs that do not confirm OSA, false negative results were assessed. Among 196 individuals, pre-test probability was low in 74 (38%) and high in 122 (62%). A lower percentage of individuals with a low versus high pre-test probability for moderate to severe OSA had HSAT results that confirmed OSA (61 versus 84%, p = 0.0002) resulting in an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 for confirmatory HSAT in the low pre-test probability group (95% CI [0.146, 0.563]). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that age ≤ 50 (OR 3.10 [1.24–7.73]), female gender (OR 3.58[1.50–8.66]), non-enlarged neck circumference (OR 11.50 [2.50–52.93]), and the absence of loud snoring (OR 3.47 [1.30–9.25]) best predicted non-diagnostic HSAT. OSA was diagnosed by PSG in 54% of individuals with negative HSAT which was similar in both pre-test probability groups. HSATs should be reserved for individuals with high pre-test probability for moderate to severe disease as opposed to any individual with suspected OSA.
Maximum Altitude Sailplane Winch-Launch Trajectories

A class of dynamic sailplane winch-launch trajectory problems for maximum altitude is formulated. Numerical solutions are presented for representative values of maximum allowed lift coefficient and cable acceleration. The optimal trajectory is shown to consist of a climb-dive-climb sequence. An inequality constraint on cable retraction speed is also imposed and results in more realistic trajectories.
The Effect of Copy Number on mRNA and Cell Surface Expression of an Aβk Transgene

Because allelic polymorphism of the class II antigens affects the immune response at several levels, we wanted to characterize the contribution of a particular chain or epitope in an in vivo system using transgenic mice. Initially, we introduced an Aβk genomic clone into [B10.S x SJL]F2 (H-2s/s) embryos and, from fourteen founders, have established twelve independent lines carrying from one to sixty-five copies of the transgene. The transgene was coexpressed with the endogenous allele in a tissue-specific manner, and Aβk mRNA expression correlated well with transgene copy number. Although the ratio of Aβk to Aβs expressed on the cell surface correlated well with the ratio of Aβk to Aβs mRNA, cell surface levels of the endogenous Aβs/Aαs complex and total la were reduced in H-2s/s mice overexpressing Aβk mRNA. However, extremely high levels of Aαk/Aβk cell surface expression were observed in Aβk x Aαk double transgenic mice, which implies that the excess mRNA is translated in the high copy number mice and that pairing of Aβk with Aαs is permissive but inefficient. Initial immune response experiments reflected the variation in cell surface levels of Aβk (and total Ia) and suggested that expression of the Aαs/Aβk heterodimer has some effect on the secondary antibody response to the I-Ak-restricted synthetic antigen (H,G)-A-L [(histidine, glutamic acid)-alanine-lysine; McDevitt and Chinitz 1969].
TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES

The simplest change of coordinate axes is that of translation. The coordinate axes are said to be translated if a new set of coordinate axes is chosen parallel to and oriented the same as the original one but not both are coincident with them. A more complicated, however, equally useful change of coordinate axes is that of rotation. The coordinate axes are said to be rotated through an angle if new axes are chosen without changing the origin such that a rotation of the old ones through an angle about the origin brings them into coincidence with the new ones.
Effect of Cr content on interdiffusion and Kirkendall pore formation during homogenization of pack-aluminized Ni and Ni–Cr wires

Abstract Using both ex situ metallographic imaging and in situ X-ray tomographic microscopy, we investigate the kinetics of Al- and Ni-interdiffusion during homogenization at 825–1100 °C for surface-aluminized, 50 μm diameter Ni wires with 0, 10 or 20 wt%Cr. Kirkendall pores, which are created due to imbalanced diffusion of atomic species, are not observed at any of the homogenization temperatures in the Cr-free Ni–Al wires, which equilibrate to Ni-rich β-NiAl. By contrast, during homogenization of the aluminized Ni–10Cr and Ni–20Cr wires to β-NiAl(Cr) at 1000 and 1100 °C, numerous Kirkendall pores are created within the wire volume, indicating that the addition of Cr significantly increases the imbalance between the Ni and Al diffusivities. These pores eventually coalesce into a single cavity, with crescent-shape cross-sections and high aspect ratio aligned with the axis of the wires, so that a tubular β-NiAl(Cr) structure is formed. Tomography shows that the Ni-rich β-NiAl(Cr) reaction layer grows radially within the Ni–10Cr and Ni–20Cr wires annealed in situ at 825, 900, and 1000 °C according to a parabolic law. The growth kinetics of this layer increase slightly with increasing Cr content and obey an Arrhenius relationship, from which an activation energy of ~200 kJ/mol is calculated, in good agreement with literature values for interdiffusion in binary NiAl. The two methods, ex situ metallography and in situ X-ray tomography, are complementary. While tomography very rapidly acquires numerous cross-sectional images showing phase contrast on a single wire, thus replacing interrupted annealing and destructive imaging of multiple samples, metallography has higher spatial resolution and can identify additional phases. In the present case, metallography revealed that α-Cr precipitates form during homogenization of the aluminized Ni–Cr wires due to the limited solubility of Cr in β-NiAl; upon full homogenization, these precipitates re-dissolved in the aluminized Ni–10Cr wires, but remained stable in the Ni–20Cr wires.
Eating disorders in adolescent and young adult males: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies

Males have largely been underrepresented in the eating disorder (ED) peer-reviewed literature. The current review paper examines prevalence rates, ED symptom presentation, and assessment and treatment strategies relevant to adolescent and young adult males. Adolescent and young adult males often report a greater desire to be bigger and more muscular compared to their female counterparts. Due to concerns that contemporary ED assessment tools are over reliant on items that evaluate stereotypically feminine indicators of ED pathology, male-specific ED measures, such as the Eating Disorder Assessment for Men, have been developed. Further validation work is necessary to establish the psychometric properties of these male-specific measures, particularly in adolescent male populations. Attention to a heightened prevalence of comorbid substance abuse disorders and the role that competitive sports play in perpetuating ED pathology are two factors that have been identified as important in the treatment of adolescent and young adult males with EDs.
Cost-effective Fabrication of Chitosan Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

In this paper we present fabrication of hollow and solid chitosan microneedles using a recently proposed low-cost and cleanroom-free fabrication method called Cross-Over Lines (COL) laser engraving. COL engraving is achieved using a commercial CO 2 laser-cutter to create microneedle molds on acrylic sheet. PDMS is then casted on the acrylic sheet microneedle mold to create base PDMS microneedles which are then used to generate other polymeric needles. In this paper, we cast and cure chitosan solution on the base PDMS microneedles which easily detaches from PDMS needles on drying. The resulted microneedles are hollow chitosan microneedles. We also made solid microneedles by silanizing and casting PDMSon-PDMS microneedles. We report promising preliminary results on drug delivery using these hollow and solid chitosan microneedles.
Weight-based victimization, eating behaviors, and weight-related health in Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.

Abstract Weight-based victimization (WBV) is a common form of bullying associated with maladaptive eating, and poor weight-related health. Although sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience a number of eating and weight-related health disparities, the link between WBV and these outcomes has not been investigated in this vulnerable population. Data came from the LGBTQ Teen Study, a national survey of SGM adolescents. Participants provided data to assess body mass index (BMI), WBV, sexual identity, gender identity, dieting, binge eating, eating to cope with stress, weight control behaviors, exercise, and stress (N = 9679). The sample was 66% White, with a mean age of 15.6 years; 58.5% had healthy weight, and 37.2% had overweight or obesity. Over half of participants reported WBV from family members and peers. WBV from family members was associated with maladaptive eating (i.e., binge-eating, unhealthy weight-control behaviors), dieting, and poor weight-related health (i.e., stress, exercise avoidance, less physical activity and poorer sleep); relationships remained significant after accounting for participants’ age, BMI percentile for age and sex, race, gender identity, and sexual identity. Higher frequency of WBV at school, but not history of peer weight-based victimization, was associated with more maladaptive eating, dieting, and poorer weight-related health on all outcomes except physical activity. This is the first large-scale study that examined links between WBV, maladaptive eating behaviors, and weight-related health in SGM adolescents. These results suggest the need for increased awareness that WBV may play a role in maladaptive eating, and weight-related health of SGM youth, and may contribute to both elevated levels of eating disorders and obesity in this population.
Embracing Collaboration through the Lens of Exceptional Needs Dance

This article provides an overview of a proactive approach to collaboration for both dance and teacher education. Collaboration was examined through the lens of assisting children with disabilities ...
Systematic tests for study of tire tractive performance on soft soil: Part I – Experimental data collection

Abstract Tire performance over soft soil is of interest for automotive and geotechnical engineers; the automotive engineers are mainly interested in tire tractive performance, and geotechnical engineers are concerned with the effects of the traffic brought by the tire to the soil. This two-part paper documents a series of tire and soil tests (Part I) and the application of their test data to the study of tire tractive performance over soft soil (characterized by drawbar pull) and to the model parameterization (Part II). Part I of this paper details the series of tests that are comprised of static tire deflection tests, static tire-soil tests, soil properties tests, and dynamic tire-soil tests, and describes the influence of tire inflation pressure or soil compaction level on the test data. The experimental approach presented herein produces parameterization and validation data that can be used in tire off-road traction dynamics modeling and terramechanics modeling.
History of Historically Black Colleges and Universities

It is in this chapter that the researcher provides a thorough understanding of what historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are, why and how they came to exist, the unique nature of their original missions, and the ongoing struggles facing these schools. This historical account includes slave uprisings prior to abolition, the abolition of slavery and the aftermath thereof, the development of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and the involvement of religion on the development of HBCUs. It addresses the development of Jim Crow laws and the first and second Morrill Acts, establishing and funding land-grant institutions. The chapter follows the initial and ongoing influences of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois on the development of HBCUs, and similarly follows the influences of both the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) on black institutions of higher learning.
A Broadband Reflection-Type Phase Shifter Achieving Uniform Phase and Amplitude Response across 27 to 31 GHz

This paper demonstrates a broadband reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) for millimeter-wave phased-array applications. Implemented in 45-nm SOI CMOS, the proposed bidirectional RTPS provides a full 360 deg. phase-shift with a five-bit phase resolution. It incorporates an additional series inductor/varactor resonator to a Pi-based varactor/inductor/varactor network to broaden both the phase-shift range and bandwidth and to allow a single set of voltages to control the RTPS response over the full 27 to 31 GHz bandwidth (13.8% fractional bandwidth). A method is proposed to select these control voltages under an intended insertion-loss constraint to minimize the average root-mean squared (RMS) phase error across the entire band. Across the full band, the RTPS achieves an RMS phase error less than 3.8 deg, insertion loss of 8.5 to 10 dB, and RMS gain error less than 0.5 dB across the band.
Understanding Molecules that Mediate Leukocyte Extravasation

Getting leukocytes to the site of inflammation is extremely important for maintaining homeostasis. Over time, leukocyte extravasation is resolved; however, in the case of chronic inflammatory diseases, it is not. When left unresolved, persistent leukocyte infiltration is detrimental to the host. Understanding how leukocytes get out of circulation and into the tissue puts us closer to combating these diseases. This review focuses on the molecules regulating leukocyte extravasation. There are multiple pathways regulating leukocyte transmigration. Targeted recycling of membrane from the lateral border recycling compartment is required for leukocyte extravasation. Differences in leukocyte phenotypes may contribute to different transmigration rates and extent. Leukocyte transmigration is regulated by a multitude of molecules. How these molecules interact to coordinate the process is the subject of ongoing research. Characterization of these pathways will be useful in developing therapies for chronic inflammation.
Deep UV-assisted capacitance–voltage characterization of post-deposition annealed Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 (001) MOSCAPs

In this Letter, the interface state density (Dit) and bulk trap density (nbulk) in post-deposition annealed Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 (001) metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) are extracted using the deep UV-assisted capacitance–voltage method and an improved physical analytical model. The effects of atomic layer deposition (ALD) temperature and post-deposition annealing (PDA) conditions are also studied. Increasing the deposition temperature and PDA at 500 °C in O2 seems to be an effective way to improve the forward breakdown voltage (BV) and suppress capacitance–voltage hysteresis in Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 (001) MOSCAPs. These results are useful for future high performance Ga2O3-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and Fin-FETs.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death

Although radiotherapy and most cancer drugs target the proliferation of cancer cells, it is metastasis, the complex process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to other tissues and organs of the body where they form new tumors, that leads to over 90% of all cancer deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for anti-metastasis strategies alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy. An important step in the metastatic cascade is migration. It is the first step in metastasis via local invasion. Here we address the question whether ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapy might inadvertently promote metastasis and/or invasiveness by enhancing cell migration. We used a standard laboratory irradiator, Faxitron CellRad, to irradiate both non-cancer (HCN2 neurons) and cancer cells (T98G glioblastoma) with 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy of X-rays. Paclitaxel (5 μM) was used for chemotherapy. We then measured the attachment and migration of the cells using an electric cell substrate impedance sensing device. Both the irradiated HCN2 cells and T98G cells showed significantly (p
Ridleyconcha Christensen, Gen. Nov., a Replacement Name for the Land Snail Genus Ridleya Ancey, 1901 (Mollusca: Scolodontidae), a Junior Homonym of Ridleya Delage & Hérouard, 1899 (Porifera: Polymastiidae)

Ridleyconcha Christensen, gen. nov., is proposed as a replacement for RidleyaAncey, 1901 (Mollusca: Scolodontidae), a junior homonym of RidleyaDelage & Herouard, 1899 (Porifera: Polymastiidae). Ridleyconcha is a monotypic species of land snails inhabiting the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil; its sole species is Ridleyconcha quinquelirata (E.A. Smith, 1890), new combination.
Abstract P063: Pressor Response To Acute Stress Is Regulated By Histamine In Humanized Sickle Cell Mice

Acute psychosocial stress has been linked to the onset of vaso-occlusive pain crises in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), however mechanistic insight is lacking. Studies suggest that histami...
Analytical and Experimental Study of Electrochemical Micromilling

Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) is a non-conventional manufacturing method suitable for the production of microsized components on a wide range of conductive materials. ECMM improves dimensional accuracy and simplifies tool design for machining hard, high strength, heat resistant, and conductive materials into complex shapes. Extremely small interelectrode gaps of the order of few microns are required in ECMM for better dimensional accuracy. However, excessively small interelectrode gaps may lead to complications, such as short-circuiting, which disrupt the stability of ECMM process. This necessitates the need for better understanding of the interelectrode gap dynamics. This paper presents a mathematical model for the analysis of interelectrode gap under non-steady state conditions in micromilling of steel using the ECMM process. Experimental verification of the mathematical model was conducted using an in-house built micro electrochemical machining system. The model is capable of predicting the machining results to within 1- 5 Âµm error (10- 50%).
Why is pimozide uniquely useful for the treatment of delusional patients in dermatology

Dear Editor, We read with great interest the recent systematic review of antipsychotic agents for primary delusional infestation (1). We applaud the authors for highlighting this topic through a we...
Micro-scale Viscoelastic Characterization of Human Skin Tissues as a Biomarker for Melanoma

Viscoelastic parameters of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human skin tissue samples have been investigated via nanoindentation in an ex vivo condition as feasible biomarkers for melanoma (a type of skin cancer) diagnosis to understand the mechanics of human skin tissues better, specifically on the effects of disease progression. For thin slices at 8 $\mu$ m thickness of 5 normal and 5 melanoma affected human skin tissue samples, a combined loading condition that consists of a linear pre-loading and a sinusoidal dynamic loading from 0.01 - 10 Hz in 6 steps has been applied to achieve three viscoelastic parameters, storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor in addition to Young’s modulus experimentally. The normal human skin tissues have shown higher Young’s moduli by 17.5 % and behaved like less viscous materials than the melanoma affected human skin tissues. The statistical analysis using the two-sample t-test for the experimental results have been also presented to evaluate the performance of the approach as a valid method of melanoma diagnosis. Since recognizing the disease progression at an early stage is one of the important clinical challenges, in this regard, understanding the mechanical behaviors of human skin tissues is expected to play a critical role in diagnosing abnormality on human skin tissues.
Aufeis in the Ivishak River, Alaska, mapped from satellite radar interferometry

Abstract Aufeis deposits form every year on many rivers on the North Slope of Alaska; and, through repeated episodes of overflow and freezing, they may reach a thickness of more than 3 m. The presence of aufeis in a drainage basin tends to stabilize river discharge in the same way as a glacier does, by providing melt water during hot dry periods. This distribution of aufeis deposits along the rivers is discontinuous because of variations in channel geometry and under-ice water supply, and monitoring their growth during the winter is generally impractical. However, experiments using satellite radar interferometry (SRI) to map changes in the extent of aufeis near the junction of the Ivishak and the Echooka Rivers in the northern Brooks Range during the winter have produced promising results. Interferograms of the area were made from pairs of images acquired by the European Space Agency's First Earth Remote Sensing Satellite in January through March 1994. The results indicate that aufeis deposits can be mapped on interferograms as areas in river valleys in which the radar phases are poorly correlated and radar backscatter values frequently change. The ability of SRI in monitoring subtle winter aufeis processes fills a major gap in the study of aufeis by remote sensing.
Adaptive RBF neural network in signal detection

This paper addresses the application of locally optimum (LO) signal detection techniques to environments in which the noise density is not known a-priori. For small signal levels, the LO detection rule is shown to involve a nonlinearity which depends on the noise density. The estimation of the noise density is a major part of the computational burden of LO detection rules. In this paper, adaptive estimation of the noise density is implemented using a radial basis function neural network. The technique places few assumptions on the properties of the noise, and performs well under a wide variety of circumstances. Experimental results illustrate the system performance as a variety of noise densities are encountered. >
Scaffolding of Fyn Kinase to the NMDA Receptor Determines Brain Region Sensitivity to Ethanol

Alcohol (ethanol) abuse is a major societal problem. Although ethanol is a structurally simple, diffusible molecule, its sites of action are surprisingly selective, and the molecular mechanisms underlying specificity in ethanol actions are not understood. The NMDA receptor channel is one of the main targets for ethanol in the brain. We report here that the brain region-specific compartmentalization of Fyn kinase determines NMDA receptor sensitivity to ethanol. We demonstrate that, in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex, Fyn is targeted to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor by the scaffolding protein RACK1. During acute exposure to ethanol, RACK1 is dissociated from the complex, thereby facilitating Fyn-mediated phosphorylation of NR2B, which enhances channel activity, counteracting the inhibitory actions of ethanol. In this way, the selective scaffolding can account for the ethanol-induced acute tolerance of NMDA receptor activity that is detected in the hippocampus but not in the cerebral cortex. The phosphorylation-dependent, region-specific activities of ethanol on the NMDA receptor provide a compelling molecular explanation that accounts for the selective activities of ethanol and may have important implications for elucidating pathways leading to alcohol addiction.
A phase I clinical trial of spicamycin derivative KRN5500 (NSC 650426) using a phase I accelerated titration "2B" design.

The spicamycin derivative KRN5500 was considered as a potential anti-cancer agent based on in vitro and preclinical studies. A Phase I study involving 24 cancer patients in whom tumors were refractory to all other conventional therapies was conducted to determine the dose limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, effectiveness, and pharmacokinetic parameters of this drug administered by 1-h IV infusion daily for five consecutive days every 3 weeks. Using an accelerated dose titration strategy, 8.4 mg/m2/d × 5 days was the maximum administered dose. Severe gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities were observed at doses at or above 4.3 mg/m2/d × 5. The recommended Phase II dose is 4.3 mg/m2/d × 5. The distribution of KRN5500 followed a two-compartment model, and clearance did not decrease significantly over the dose range 0.8–8.4 mg/m2/d × 5. No significant correlation was observed between plasma levels and toxicity. No tumor responses were observed among the 14 patients evaluable for response.