cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A unified architecture for flexible radio power management in wireless sensor networks

A challenge for many wireless sensor networks is to remain operational for long periods of time on a very limited power supply. While many power management protocols have been proposed, a solution does not yet exist that allows them to be seamlessly integrated into the existing systems. In this paper we study the architectural support required to resolve this issue. We propose a framework that separates sleep scheduling from the basic MAC layer functionality and provide a set of unified interfaces between them. This framework enables different sleep scheduling policies to be easily implemented on top of multiple MAC layers. Such a flexibility allows applications to choose the best sleep scheduling policy based on their own particular needs. We demonstrate the practicality of our approach by implementing this framework on top of both the mica2 and telosb radio stacks in TinyOS 2.0. Our micro-benchmark results show that at the cost of a slight increase in code size, our framework significantly eases the development of new radio power management protocols across multiple WSN platforms. Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 A Unified Architecture for Flexible Radio Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks Kevin Klues, Guoliang Xing, Chenyang Lu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis {klueska, xing, lu}@cs.wustl.edu
Observation of vibrational dependence in N 2 O quadrupole hyperfine structure utilizing a twin-laser spectrometer

Copropagating-beam Doppler-free resonances, observed in fluorescence, are utilized to study vibrational dependence of N2O quadrupole hyperfine structure for several transitions of the (100–001) band. A novel technique is applied to simplify the spectra by using a large intensity ratio for the beams.
EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS AND VESICULAR–ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA ON CITRUS TRANSPIRATION AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF ROOTS

Summary Infection of rough lemon seedlings (Citrusjambhiri Lush) by the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, Glomus intraradices (Schenck and Smith), increased root growth and transpiration rate and reduced leaf water potentials relative to non-infected control plants. Half of the VAM and control plants were subjected to three drying cycles each of 5 to 7 days. The hydraulic conductivity of previously drought stressed root systems was lower than that of the well-watered plants and VAM infection further reduced root conductivity. These data suggest that the higher root densities and higher transpiration rates of VAM infected plants may have depleted soil water more quickly than the non-infected seedlings and resulted in more severe water stress conditions during drought cycles.
DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY OF α-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (DOXAZOSIN) FOR TREATMENT OF VOIDING DYSFUNCTION IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION

ABSTRACTPurpose:: We sought to determine whether the α-adrenergic antagonist doxazosin could be used as primary therapy in children with voiding dysfunction.Materials and Methods:: Children were assigned to maintain a voiding diary and then randomly divided into a double-blind placebo controlled protocol (0.5 mg doxazosin or placebo). Duplicate uroflow studies with post-void residual evaluations and assessment of dysfunctional voiding scores were performed on initiation and completion of the study. At the conclusion parents were asked to rank the perceived improvement of the urinary incontinence (ie parental subjective perception of improvement).Results:: No significant differences between doxazosin (18) and placebo (20) treated patients were found in the number of incontinent days per week, severity of incontinent episodes or alterations in uroflow patterns. Although not significant, 2 findings suggested a beneficial effect of doxazosin over placebo. Specifically, doxazosin decreased the number of incont...
Surface Doping Quantum Dots with Chemically Active Native Ligands: Controlling Valence without Ligand Exchange

One remaining challenge in the field of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots is learning to control the degree of functionalization or “valence” per nanocrystal. Current quantum dot surface modification strategies rely heavily on ligand exchange, which consists of replacing the nanocrystal’s native ligands with carboxylate- or amine-terminated thiols, usually added in excess. Removing the nanocrystal’s native ligands can cause etching and introduce surface defects, thus affecting the nanocrystal’s optical properties. More importantly, ligand exchange methods fail to control the extent of surface modification or number of functional groups introduced per nanocrystal. Here, we report a fundamentally new surface ligand modification or “doping” approach aimed at controlling the degree of functionalization or valence per nanocrystal while retaining the nanocrystal’s original colloidal and photostability. We show that surface-doped quantum dots capped with chemically active native ligands can be pre...
Tissue-specific zein synthesis in maize kernel

Zein may account for as much as 10% of the total protein in the mature embryo of maize inbred W64A. This protein exhibited an electrophoretic pattern on SDS gels similar to that of the endosperm. Like the endosperm system, the synthesis of zein components in the embryo was controlled by the opaque-2 and floury-2 mutations. However, unlike zein synthesis in the endosperm, zein synthesis in the embryo could not be increased by nitrogen fertilizer. Variations in amino acid composition were observed between the zein components of the embryo and those of the endosperm.
Understanding the Epistemological Divide in ESL Education What We Learned From a Failed University–School District Collaboration

In this critically reflective article, we share our perceptions of the epistemologies that shape our own understanding of successful ESL education and that of a school district that asked us to help redevelop its ESL program. Our differing epistemologies, ours critical and aimed toward social justice, theirs built on what we describe as neoliberal educational discourse and deficit constructions of ELLs and Latinas/os, inevitably led to the collapse of our collaboration. Our differences, particular points of tension, and the impact of this deep and wide chasm on policy and schooling are examined.
A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach for cloning Ah receptors from diverse vertebrate species: Partial sequence of an Ah receptor from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus

Abstract The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. AhR proteins are expressed in most vertebrate animals, including teleost and elasmobranch fish, but the relationship between piscine and mammalian Ah receptors is uncertain. In the present studies, cloning of an Ah receptor cDNA from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus was pursued using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approach. Degenerate oligodeoxynucleotides were designed based on conserved regions of mammalian Ah receptors and the related PAS proteins Per, ARNT and Sim. The oligonucleotides were used as primers in the RT-PCR to amplify a portion of an AhR expressed in Fundulus liver. A fragment of approximately 700 bp was amplified and directly sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of this fragment (212 residues) shares significant sequence identity with the PAS domains of the mouse (64%), rat (64%) and human (62%) Ah receptors. These data reveal conservation of Ah receptor structure between mammals and fish, vertebrate groups separated by over 400 million years of evolution. The successful use of RT-PCR to amplify a Fundulus AhR establishes the utility of this approach in the phylogenetic analysis of Ah receptor structure and function.
Industrial energy efficiency decision making

Abstract This paper presents a model to describe an industrial firm's energy efficiency decision making over time. The model posits seven stages, which range from no energy savings decision making to energy efficiency program implementation to steady state energy efficiency decision making. It is hypothesized that government energy-efficiency programs, such as the Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) Program funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), can accelerate the speed industrial firms move through the model's seven stages. Data were collected about firms’ stages in the model before and after receiving one of the three IAC benefits: a direct energy assessment; the employ of a student alumnus of the IAC Program; or use of energy efficiency information from an IAC website. It was found that each IAC benefit is associated with a significant positive change in firms’ energy efficiency decision making within a relatively short period of time.
A model for a constrained, finitely deforming, elastic solid with rotation gradient dependent strain energy, and its specialization to von Kármán plates and beams

Abstract The aim of this paper is to develop the governing equations for a fully constrained finitely deforming hyperelastic Cosserat continuum where the directors are constrained to rotate with the body rotation. This is the generalization of small deformation couple stress theories and would be useful for developing mathematical models for an elastic material with embedded stiff short fibers or inclusions (e.g., materials with carbon nanotubes or nematic elastomers, cellular materials with oriented hard phases, open cell foams, and other similar materials), that account for certain longer range interactions. The theory is developed as a limiting case of a regular Cosserat elastic material where the directors are allowed to rotate freely by considering the case of a high “rotational mismatch energy”. The theory is developed using the formalism of Lagrangian mechanics, with the static case being based on Castigliano's first theorem. By considering the stretch U and the rotation R as additional independent variables and using the polar decomposition theorem as an additional constraint equation, we obtain the governing and as well as the boundary conditions for finite deformations. The resulting equations are further specialized for plane strain and axisymmetric finite deformations, deformations of beams and plates with small strain and moderate rotation, and for small deformation theories. We also show that the boundary conditions for this theory involve “surface tension” like terms due to the higher gradients in the strain energy function. For beams and plates, the rotational gradient dependent strain energy does not require additional variables (unlike Cosserat theories) and additional differential equations; nor do they raise the order of the differential equations, thus allowing us to include a material length scale dependent response at no extra “computational cost” even for finite deformation beam/plate theories
Perturbation theory at large order: the choice of integration contour

Two technical points are discussed in the method of Lipatov for extracting the large order behavior of field theories. The first is an adjustment of the integratin contour required to make the action bounded below. The second is a method for treating fluctations in the coupling constant exactly. 19 references.
0(3P) attack on Boranes. III. B10H14

As in our previous studies, 0(3P), generated by titration with NO of microwave discharged N2 (He carrier), was mixed with B10H14 vapor (Ar carrier) in a flow-tube reactor. Levels of product OH were determined via LIF on an absolute basis, for dwell times 4 to 18 ms. The system was calibrated with C2H6, run under identical conditions. The reactants comprised approximately 1% of the flowing mixture. OH production is ≈62 greater from B10H14 than from B5H9 (under similar conditions but at somewhat lower temperature). FTIR analyses of a solid product that condensed downstream on cold surfaces showed the presence of BOH OB hydrogen bonds and matched (but not perfectly) the calculated frequencies of HB(OH)2. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A fast Multilinear ICA algorithm

We extend our previous work on Multilinear Independent Component Analysis (MICA) by introducing a Fast-MICA algorithm that demonstrates the same improvement over classical ICA as the original MICA algorithm [1] while improving the computational speed by two polynomial orders of magnitude. Apart for enabling a faster determination of the multilinear structure of image patch probability density, this new approach opens up, for the first time, the possibility of computing a novel non-stationarity index based on the relative change in mutual information. We demonstrate the performance of our Fast-MICA algorithm together with an illustration of our novel non-stationarity index.
Effects of sigma agonist and antagonist drugs on food and/or water intake in rats

Drugs known to interact with sigma receptors were studied for their effects on food and/or water intake, since the putative sigma receptor agonist N-allylnormetazocine (NANM) has been reported to both increase and decrease food intake under various conditions. Previous investigators have shown that each enantiomer of racemic NANM [(±)-NANM] is pharmacologically active. (+)-NANM appears to interact preferentially with sigma receptors, and (−)-NANM with both mu and kappa opiate receptor sites. In the present study, the effects of subcutaneously administered (±)-NANM, (+)-NANM, and (−)-NANM on food intake in 20 hr food-deprived male rats were examined. (±)-NANM and (−)-NANM decreased food intake stimulated by food deprivation, while (+)-NANM exhibited no significant effect. Similarly, both (±)-NANM and (−)-NANM decreased water intake in 24 hr water-deprived rats. (+)-NANM decreased water intake in doses which may have caused disorientation. Locomotor activity was stimulated by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of (+)-NANM but not by the same dose of (−)-NANM. The effects of (+)-NANM and (−)-NANM on food and water intake paralleled those of narcotic antagonists and did not seem related to an interaction with sigma receptors. (±)-BMY14802 is a sigma receptor antagonist with potential antipsychotic properties. When administered to female rats by daily injection for 28 days, it did not affect weight gain except at the highest dose, 30 mg/kg. Weight gain of animals given a 30 mg/kg dose was significantly greater compared to controls. However, rats treated orally with a similar dose of (±)-BMY14802 incorporated into the diet daily for 8 weeks did not exhibit significant weight gain compared to controls. The data argue against a significant role for sigma receptors in mediating ingestive behavior. Should sigma antagonist drugs reach the market, they may be less likely to cause weight gain than most classical antipsychotics.
Thermal relations, water loss and oxygen consumption of a North American tarantula

Abstract 1. 1. Acclimation to 10 or 30°C had no effect on critical thermal maxima of male Aphonopelma (means = 43·25 vs. 43·07°C, respectively). 2. 2. Water loss in dry air was low, averaging 0·34 per cent (body weight per day) at 10°C and 1·76 per cent at 30°C. The rate increased following death. 3. 3. Oxygen consumption ( V O 2 ), described by the equation, log V O 2 = 0·1045 + 0·1005 t a −0·0012t a 2 for ambient temperatures (ta) between 10 and 40°C, was unaffected by acclimation. 4. 4. Muscular activity increased V O 2 about fourfold. Tarantulas fatigued rapidly and exhibited oxygen debt.
Food and Beverage Marketing to Latinos: A Systematic Literature Review

Obesity rates among U.S. adults and children have increased over the past two decades and, although signs of stabilization and decline among certain age groups and geographies are being reported, the prevalence of obesity among Latino adults and children remain high. The Latino population is growing in parallel to these obesity rates and marketers realize they cannot ignore this growing, high-spending, media-consuming segment. Studies examining food and beverage marketing strategies tend to discuss minority groups in general but do not account for racial and ethnic differences, reducing our ability to explain existing inequities. This article aimed to identify the food and beverage marketing strategies used to influence food environments for Latinos versus non-Latinos. A systematic literature review and analysis, guided by an established marketing conceptual framework, determined that the food and beverage marketing environment for Latinos is less likely to promote healthy eating and more likely to encour...
The Emperor Wore Cowboy Boots

Why does it matter if the United States is an empire in any objectively definable sense? All this academic and political pundit hand-wringing, over whether the United States should technically be labeled an empire or not, seems oddly out of step with the sorts of egregious foreign policy behaviors the United States engages in on a daily basis. Yet the words we use to describe something do matter a great deal to what we see and how we act in the world. In this paper, I argue that the closer one looks at the debate over the empire designation, the more one begins to see an underlying dynamic of political self-delusion that is endemic to the American power project. America wields enormous power that affects the daily lives of people around the globe, but like a schoolchild on the playground it does not like to be called names. The extent to which political observers participate in this obfuscation is an interesting topic in its own right, as it underscores how name-calling is a political act in itself.
Genetic Analysis of Activation of the Vibrio cholerae Cpx Pathway

The Cpx two-component system is thought to mediate envelope stress responses in many gram-negative bacteria and has been implicated in the pathogenicity of several enteric pathogens. While cues that activate the Escherichia coli Cpx system have been identified, the nature of the molecular signals that stimulate this pathway is not well understood. Here, we investigated stimuli that trigger this system in Vibrio cholerae, a facultative pathogen that adapts to various niches during its life cycle. In contrast to E. coli, there was no basal activity of the V. cholerae Cpx pathway under standard laboratory conditions. Furthermore, several known stimuli of the E. coli pathway did not induce expression of this system in V. cholerae. There were no defects in intestinal growth in V. cholerae cpx mutants, arguing against the idea that this pathway promotes V. cholerae adaptation to conditions in the mammalian host. We discovered that chloride ions activate the V. cholerae Cpx pathway, raising the possibility that this signal transduction system provides a means for V. cholerae to sense and respond to alterations in salinity. We used a genetic approach to screen for mutants in which the Cpx pathway is activated. We found that mutations in genes whose products are required for periplasmic disulfide bond isomerization result in activation of the Cpx pathway, suggesting that periplasmic accumulation of proteins with aberrant disulfide bonds triggers the V. cholerae Cpx pathway.
The Influence of Staffing and Scheduling Factors on the Recruiting Effectiveness of the Marketing Principles Course

This study examined the impact of scheduling and staffing decisions on the recruiting effectiveness of different sections of marketing principles. Results of a path analysis indicate that recruitin...
Parental marital conflict and divorce, parent-child relationships, social support, and relationship anxiety in young adulthood

Based on research documenting harmful long-term consequences of parental conflict and divorce for offspring, relations between recollections of parental conflict, parental divorce, and social outcomes in young adulthood were examined. A total sample of 566 young adults from divorced and intact families completed measures of parental conflict, quality of parent–adult child relationships, anxiety in relationships with others, and perceptions of social support from others. As hypothesized, divorce and conflict had significant independent effects on outcomes in young adulthood. Effects of conflict were uniformly negative for quality of parent-child relationships, perceived social support from others, and anxiety in personal relationships. Parental divorce was associated with lower quality father-child relationships, yet divorce was associated with significant positive outcomes for quality of mother-child relationships, social support, independence facilitated by both parents, and reduced anxiety in relationships. Importantly, these effects occurred regardless of participant sex, parental remarriage, and parental socioeconomic status. Many studies have documented short- and long-term negative effects of parental marital conflict and divorce for offspring, including poorer academic, social, and psychological outcomes (Amato & Booth, 1991; Amato & Keith, 1991; Booth & Edwards, 1990). Parental conflict negatively affects children’s attachment to parents and subsequent feelings of security in relationships (Davies & Cummings, 1994), and studies of children and adults suggest that both experiencing parental divorce and growing up in a high-conflict family are associated with long-term decrements in well-being
A dual neural network architecture for linear and nonlinear control of inverted pendulum on a cart

The use of a self-contained dual neural network architecture for the solution of nonlinear optimal control problems is investigated in this study. The network structure solves the dynamic programming equations in stages and at the convergence, one network provides the optimal control and the second network provides a fault tolerance to the control system. We detail the steps in design and solve a linearized and a nonlinear, unstable, four-dimensional inverted pendulum on a cart problem. Numerical results are presented and compared with linearized optimal control. Unlike the previously published neural network solutions, this methodology does not need any external training, solves the nonlinear problem directly and provides a feedback control.
Data on Inequality and the Inequality of Data: The Last Two Centuries

This paper attempts a number of tasks that will further the study of world-historical human inequality, by arguing for a comprehensive understanding of inequality and by informally comparing and aggregating multiple datasets. The paper briefly surveys and critiques the existing corpus of inequality data, noting areas of overlap, opportunities for harmonization of data, and the coverage of the historical information. The inclusion of micro-level data from historical scholarship that is not in communication with the social scientific studies is essential to further the field. The paper concludes with a regional and global narrative of human inequality over the last two centuries.
Effect of Body Tilt on Auditory Localization

The location of the position of a sound source that appears as directly above the midline of S's head was measured under conditions of erect, 30°, and 60° left body tilt, and 30° and 60° right body tilt. Results showed that with increase in body tilt the apparent auditory midline is progressively displaced in a direction opposite the tilt of the body. This finding was compared with studies on visual and tactual-kinesthetic modes of localization.
Self-Concept Changes Associated With Incarceration in Female Prisoners

Changes in the self-concept associated with a period of incarceration were investigated. Female prisoners in the Iowa Women's Reformatory were administered the usual admissions test battery plus a 24-item Self-Concept Scale consisting of bipolar adjectives. When the same scale was readministered following a six-month period of incarceration, general improvement in the level of self-concept was evident. Moreover, some of the changes were related to personality characteristics, as measured by the MMPI, and educational level. The admission scores on seven of the MMPI clinical scales were significantly correlated negatively to the admissions self-concept scores; however, only three clinical scales were significantly related to self-concept scores obtained after a six-month period of incarceration.
The IKK-neutralizing compound Bay11 kills supereffector CD8 T cells by altering caspase-dependent activation-induced cell death

Antigen with dual costimulation through CD137 and CD134 induces powerful CD8 T cell responses. These effector T cells are endowed with an intrinsic survival program resulting in their accumulation in vivo, but the signaling components required for survival are unknown. We tested a cadre of pathway inhibitors and found one preclinical compound, Bay11-7082 (Bay11), which prevented survival. Even the gammac cytokine family members IL-2, -4, -7, and -15 could not block death, nor could pretreatment with IL-7. We found that dual costimulation caused loading of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha (p-IkappaBalpha) and high basal levels of NF-kappaB activity in the effector CD8 T cells. Bay11 trumped both events by reducing the presence of p-IkappaBalpha and ensuing NF-kappaB activity. Not all pathways were impacted to this degree, however, as mitogen-mediated ERK phosphorylation was evident during NF-kappaB inhibition. Nonetheless, Bay11 blocked TCR-stimulated cytokine synthesis by rapidly accentuating activation-induced cell death through elicitation of a caspase-independent pathway. Thus, in effector CD8 T cells, Bay11 forces a dominant caspase-independent death signal that cannot be overcome by an intrinsic survival program nor by survival-inducing cytokines. Therefore, Bay11 may be a useful tool to deliberately kill death-resistant effector T cells for therapeutic benefit.
New trends in cytochrome p450 research at the half-century mark

Cytochrome P450 enzymes have major roles in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, carcinogens, eicosanoids, and numerous other chemicals. The P450s are collectively considered the most diverse catalysts known in biochemistry, although they operate from a basic structural fold and catalytic mechanism. The four minireviews in this thematic series deal with the unusual aspects of catalytic reactions and electron transfer pathway organization, the structural diversity of P450s, and the expanding roles of P450s in disease and medicine.
Collar Rot of Peanut Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae

In August and September of 1993, a collar rot disease of peanut was observed in several fields in Virginia and North Carolina. Only a few scattered plants exhibited symptoms and signs of the disease in Southampton County and Suffolk, Virginia, and Northampton County, North Carolina. The disease was severe at two farm sites in Dinwiddie County, Virginia where the affected areas exceeded 0.4 ha in size. Numerous plants were either chlorotic, wilted, or dead. Symptomatic plants exhibited blackened stem cankers and pods. Diseased stems and tap roots were easily shredded to reveal slate-gray to black internal tissues. Black, erumpent pycnidia were observed on stem lesions at the soil surface. Immature conidia were single-celled and hyaline. Mature conidia were two-celled and dark brown. Morphological features of the fungus on diseased plants and potato dextrose agar were consistent with descriptions of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Diplodia gossypina). The fungus was isolated from discolored seed and asymptomatic seed from fields having plants which exhibited severe symptoms. Seed treatment with captan 1.125 g + pentachloronitrobenzene 0.375 g + carboxin 0.25 g a.i./kg reduced recovery of the fungus from seed, but did not eradicate the pathogen. This treatment on naturally infested seed provided significant early-season disease suppression and improved yield significantly in 1994. Season-long disease suppression and a significant yield increase were obtained in plots planted to fungicide-treated, commercial seed from non-infested fields. At-plant and mid-season applications of fungicides in 1994 and 1995 did not improve disease suppression over that of fungicide-treated, commercial seed. Overall, Virginia-type cultivars of peanut were more susceptible to collar rot than runner-type cultivars. Among the Virginia-type cultivars, NC-V 11 exhibited moderate susceptibility and the 79-X breeding line from Florida exhibited resistance. Georgia Browne and Southern Runner were the most resistant of the runner-type cultivars.
Deletion as an indicator of SVO → SOV shift

The Indo-Portuguese (IP) creoles display a well-known and uniform manner of marking the simple past and present continuous with the preposed particles ja (<Ptg. ja ‘already’) and tE (<Ptg. esta ‘is’), respectively. Moreover, n3 (<Ptg. no ‘in the’) and d3 (<Ptg. de ‘of, from’ or do ‘of, from the’) are typically used as prepositions to express goal or location. Those creoles with Neoaryan adstrat languages, of which Korlai Creole Portuguese (KP) is one, theoretically possess the option of deleting these markers or prepositions if they are contextually or otherwise redundant. Using data from several sources spanning approximately 100 years, it is shown that ja, tE, n3, and d3 in KP have undergone or are undergoing gradual deletion. It is argued that this development is part of a much larger SVO → SOV shift. The status of the typological shift indicators of verb-object/complement, adposition, and adjective-noun order are shown to corroborate the findings regarding deletion.
Deformation of α–β Brass with Oriented and Equiaxed Duplex Boundaries

As an extension of investigations dealing with two-phase bicrystals of α–β brass, tensile testing is carried out at various strain rates on α–β brass specimens with oriented duplex and equiaxed duplex boundary geometries. The equiaxed boundary is more effective in blocking the propagation of deformation from α to β-phase. A strain-rate sensitivity is found in all specimens regardless of boundary geometry. At low-strain-rates, both boundaries are found to be ineffective barriers to the propagation of deformation. At high strain-rates both boundaries fully resisted the passage of deformation. In the a phase at low strain-rates coarse slip is observed, while at high strain-rates fine slip occurs. Optical and scanning electron microscopic techniques are used to study the microstructural features of deformation. Als Xrweiterung der Untersuchungen uber Zweiphasen-Bikristalle von α–β Messing, werden durch Zugversuche bei verschiedenen Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten die Verfestigungskurven fur Proben mit orientierter bzw. gleichachsiger Duplex-Korngrenzengeometrie bestimmt. Fur die Blockierung der Verformungsfortpf lanzung aus der α-Phase in die β-Phase ist die gleichachsige Grenze wirksamer als die orientierte Grenze. Unabhangig von ihrer Grenzengeometrie weisen alle Proben eine Empfindlichkeit bezuglich der Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit auf. Bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten stellt keine der Grenzen ein wirksames Hindernis gegen die Verformungsfortpflanzung dar. Bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten jedooh, widerstehen beide Grenzen dem Fortschreiten der Verformung. Wahrend bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten grobe Gleitung beobachtet wird, f indet bei hohen Ver-formungsgeschwindigkeiten feine Gleitung in der α Phase statt. Die Untersuchung der mikrostruk-turellen Merkmale wird unter Anwendung der Licht- und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie durch-gefuhrt.
Unification-based Multimodal Parsing

In order to realize their full potential, multimodal systems need to support not just input from multiple modes, but also synchronized integration of modes. Johnston et al (1997) model this integration using a unification operation over typed feature structures. This is an effective solution for a broad class of systems, but limits multimodal utterances to combinations of a single spoken phrase with a single gesture. We show how the unification-based approach can be scaled up to provide a full multimodal grammar formalism. In conjunction with a multidimensional chart parser, this approach supports integration of multiple elements distributed across the spatial, temporal, and acoustic dimensions of multimodal interaction. Integration strategies are stated in a high level unification-based rule formalism supporting rapid prototyping and iterative development of multimodal systems.
The Making of a New Icon: B.R. Ambedkar’s Visual Hagiography

This essay will explore the significance of a distinct subgroup of South Asian popular prints. Since the late nineteenth century, ‘God posters’ (colourful, standardized religious prints) have adorned both private and public spaces. They portray Hindu gods and goddesses as icons, often depicting narrative scenes as well as attributes that comprise their iconography. From this type of depiction emerged a new category, one that propelled Indian heroes into the realm of veneration that blurred the lines between adoration and worship. One such figure was Bhim Rao Ambedkar (popularly known as B.R. Ambedkar, and also as Babasaheb, 1891-1956). Ambedkar was a hero amongst the Dalit or ‘untouchable’ people of India. He fought for their basic civil rights and even challenged the notions of Hinduism. As a result, he sparked the conversion of hundreds of thousands of Dalits to Buddhism. This Buddhist movement helped reignite the practice of the religion on the subcontinent since it was founded approximately 2500 years...
The Yeast Prohormone-Processing Kex2 Protease, an Enzyme with Specificity for Paired Basic Residues

The Kex2 protease of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two recently discovered human homologues define a novel subfamily of subtilisin-related serine proteases that may be responsible for cleaving prohormones and other precursor polypeptides at paired basic residues in the eukaryotic secretory pathway. Here, the pathway of post-translational modification of Kex2 protease, its domain structure and primary sequence specificity are discussed.
Immunophilin-like FKBP42/TWISTED DWARF1 Interacts with the Receptor Kinase BRI1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis

Mutation of the immunophilin-like FK506-binding protein TWISTED DWARF1 (FKBP42/TWD1) causes dwarf and twisted-organ phenotypes in Arabidopsis. However, the function of FKBP42 is not fully understood at the molecular level. Using genetic, physiological, and immunological experiments, we show here that FKBP42/TWD1 is necessary for brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. The twd1 mutant showed reduced BR sensitivity in growth responses and activation of the BZR1 transcription factor. However, twd1 showed normal responses to an inhibitor of BIN2/GSK3, suggesting that twd1 has a defect upstream of BIN2 in the BR signaling pathway. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that TWD1 interacts physically with the kinase domains of the BR receptor kinases BRI1 and BAK1. TWD1 is not required for normal localization of BRI1-GFP to the plasma membrane or for activation of the flagellin receptor kinase FLS2. Our results suggest that FKBP42/TWD1 plays a specific role in the activation of BRI1 receptor kinase.
The Outlook for Immune Checkpoint Targeting Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Encouraging clinical activity for checkpoint blockade in melanoma, lung cancer, and a growing list of other malignancies has supported enthusiasm for testing this strategy in colorectal cancer. Although frequent observations of T cell infiltration into colorectal cancer and a well-established list of target antigens suggest colorectal cancer should be amenable to this approach, there was limited clinical evidence until recent demonstration of substantial activity for anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in microsatellite instability high colorectal cancers. Addition of other therapeutic modalities such as targeted therapy, other checkpoint molecules, or other immunotherapies to anti-PD-1 antibodies is currently under evaluation with the hope that it will expand the possible spectrum of colorectal cancers treatable with checkpoint blockade.
What's Oppositional Culture Got to Do with It? Moving beyond the Strong Version of the Acting White Hypothesis:

Is the acting white hypothesis empirically viable? The strong version of this hypothesis—that African American students are negatively sanctioned by peers for academic success, while their similar white peers are not sanctioned—misses the possibility that some students preemptively pull back academic effort without having received sanctions. This article tests a weak version of the hypothesis—that some academically engaged African American students perceive the costs of peer sanctions to be sufficiently high to scale back overt academic engagement before receiving peer sanctions. The weak version predicts sufficiently high costs of sanctions in schools with racialized social norms about academic engagement. The author uses multilevel modeling to test strong and weak versions of the hypothesis on a nationally representative sample of African American and white students. While the results do not support the strong version of the acting white hypothesis, they point to a mild form of the weak version of the h...
Metastatic angiosarcoma masquerading as diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clinicopathologic analysis of 7 new patients.

c Context.—Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon presenting manifestation of angiosarcoma. Objective.—To review the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of patients with metastatic angiosarcoma who presented with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Design.—Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were identified from the consultation files. Clinical and radiologic data were obtained from referring pathologists. Histologic slides were reviewed in all patients. Results.—Our patients included 6 men and 1 woman, aged 31 to 73 years; 4 patients were younger than 40 years. Six patients presented with hemoptysis, and all had diffuse abnormalities on radiographic studies. Clinical considerations prior to biopsy included pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (n 5 2), acute respiratory failure (n 5 1), and infection (n 5 1). Metastatic disease was included in the differential diagnosis in only 1 patient. None had a diagnosis of malignancy prior to lung biopsy. All biopsies showed hemorrhage associated with atypical epithelioid and spindle cells, forming anastomosing vascular channels, distributed along and within lymphatics and arteries. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for factor VIII‐related protein or CD31 in all cases for which special stains were available. Three patients with complete follow-up died of their disease. Primary sites were discovered in all 3 patients who underwent autopsy examination. Two tumors arose in the heart and 1 in the pelvic soft tissues. One additional patient had a likely primary site identified in the right atrium by cardiac ultrasound and was subsequently lost to follow-up. Conclusion.—Angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage, especially in young adults. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:1562‐1565)
University iPhone app: start to finish development

Mobile devices have become prevalent in all cultures. Individuals who once relied on PC's and laptops, now prefer the convenience of a lightweight cell phone or tablet. It is vital that computer science departments evolve to meet the needs of a changing society. This paper describes one way to address this challenge through the creation of a university iPhone app that benefits students and the university community at large. All aspects of the project are addressed, including funding, resources, challenges, and project submission.
Aligning policies to support forest restoration and promote organizational change

Abstract Forestry organizations around the world are increasingly emphasizing forest restoration as a management goal. This reflects a progression in mission away from commodity production towards ecosystem management. A key question is how to promote organizational change to support current management objectives. In 2012, the US Forest Service reorganized its budget and performance measurement structure to support the agency's current emphasis on restoration. We report the results of a survey designed to understand whether this policy change contributed to organizational change and whether the approach was accompanied by key factors known to support successful organizational transitions. We received completed surveys from 1210 agency employees (47% response rate). Although results were mixed, we found that the new approach resulted in some changes to planning approaches and staff roles. Approximately half of those in leadership positions said prioritization and integration had improved. Staff identified a need for improved communication and reported that effective leadership was central to success. These results provide some indication that similar tools can be employed to shift organizational structure and behavior to support the evolving missions of forestry agencies. Future research should investigate how to promote organizational change and learning beyond individual actors via effective leadership, communication, and evaluation.
Is there a pathway for N2O production from hydroxylamine oxidoreductase in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria?

The nitrogen cycle is a key biogeochemical cycle on Earth, as nitrogen is an essential nutrient required for all life-forms. The largest source of bioavailable nitrogen originates from biological and synthetic nitrogen (N2) fixation, whereby N2 is converted to ammonia (NH3), which can then be incorporated into biomass by plants. In the developing world, soils often do not contain enough nitrogen to give large crop yields, so fertilizers, produced by synthetic nitrogen fixation, are critically important to supplement this lack of nitrogen. On the other hand, in the developed world, overfertilization is a common problem (1). In the soil, NH3-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea compete for the uptake of NH3 with plants, aerobically oxidizing it to nitrite ( NO 2 - ) or nitrate ( NO 3 - ). The first step of this process is catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase, producing hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) then further oxidizes NH2OH to NO 2 - (2). These oxidation reactions provide soil microbes with reducing equivalents for ATP synthesis. Complementary to this process is denitrification, which ultimately reduces NO 2 - back down to N2 during anaerobic respiration, producing nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in intermediate steps (3). Release of both NO and N2O during these transformations is of global consequence, as NO participates in the depletion of the ozone layer, whereas N2O has become the third most significant greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is 300 times that of CO2 (4). With the increase in the use of fertilizer since the preindustrial era, global N2O emissions have increased substantially. Understanding the processes that generate N2O from fertilizer in soil and seawater is therefore essential in devising practical strategies … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: lehnertn{at}umich.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Microbial Tuning of the Mammalian Immune System

Bacterial species constituting the intestinal microbiota are implicated in maintenance of health but also pathogenesis of inflammatory disease. The compositional complexity of the microbiota and metabolic interdependencies of microbial species challenge our ability to attribute host responses to specific bacterial strains. Studies using gnotobiotic mice, however, are providing important insights.
Highly Efficient Fumed Silica Nanoparticles for Peptide Bond Formation: Converting Alanine to Alanine Anhydride

In this work, thermal condensation of alanine adsorbed on fumed silica nanoparticles is investigated using thermal analysis and multiple spectroscopic techniques, including infrared (IR), Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. Thermal analysis shows that adsorbed alanine can undergo thermal condensation, forming peptide bonds within a short time period and at a lower temperature (∼170 °C) on fumed silica nanoparticle surfaces than that in bulk (∼210 °C). Spectroscopic results further show that alanine is converted to alanine anhydride with a yield of 98.8% during thermal condensation. After comparing peptide formation on solution-derived colloidal silica nanoparticles, it is found that fumed silica nanoparticles show much better efficiency and selectivity than solution-derived colloidal silica nanoparticles for synthesizing alanine anhydride. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy provides evidence that the high efficiency for fumed silica nanoparticles is likely related to their unique surf...
Twenty-Second Colorado Mathematical Olympiad

On June 23, 1988, UCCS Chancellor Dwayne Nuzum offered to the Olympiad a tough, yet prestigious test. He asked me to make a presentation about the Olympiad to the Board of Regents of the University of Colorado (four-campus system). I told the regents what the Olympiad was, how the entire community (education, industry, and government) joined together in this ongoing project and why I founded it. The Olympiad passed the test. When my presentation was over, Chairman (of the Regents) Fowler replied:
Design, Analysis, and Testing of a Hot Calibration Source for the ITER-ECE Diagnostic System

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a prototype hot calibration source for the ITER-ECE diagnostic system. A resistive heating element encapsulated in an Inconel heating block was initially selected to heat a silicon carbide emitter to the required 700°C temperature. Radiative and direct contact heat transfer methods were considered and tested in a test prototype. The radiative heat transfer approach was selected and methods to improve the heater emissivity were investigated. Extended tests were conducted to verify long term heating performance, materials stability, and ITER vacuum compatibility. Design iterations guided by initial test results followed and alternative heater materials, heating elements, and heater design features were considered. Initial design, analysis, and test results are presented. Subsequent efforts to meet the full requirements of the hot calibration source are also presented.
Peptide Technologies in the Development of Chemical Tools for Chromatin‐Associated Machinery

Preclinical Research Discerning a mechanistic understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships between chromatin post-translational modifications (PTMs) and DNA accessibility for replication, transcription, and repair is an elusive goal being pursued using molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and more recently chemical inhibition. Chemical intervention of the chromatin-associated complexes that regulate PTM maintenance and chromatin structure faces numerous challenges due to the broad surface-groove interactions between many of these proteins and histones; yet, the increasing interest in understanding chromatin-modifying complexes suggests tractable lead compounds will be critical for elucidating the mechanisms of chromatin dysregulation in disease states and validating the druggability of these domains. Peptides and peptidomimetics afford several advantages to efficient inhibitor development including a rational starting point, modular assembly, and retention of secondary structure. Numerous peptide technologies have been employed in the chromatin field to characterize substrate interactions, evaluate ligand selectivity, and optimize potent peptidomimetic inhibitors. We describe the progress and advantages of these efforts, and provide a perspective on their implications for future chemical probe and drug discovery efforts. Drug Dev Res, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.