cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of expectation of future negotiation interaction on bargaining processes and outcomes

Abstract This research conceptualizes and experimentally tests differences in pre-negotiation behavioral influences, negotiation processes, negotiation outcomes, and post-negotiation dispositions involving buyers and sellers negotiating under the expectation of future negotiation interaction (EFNI) versus no expectation of future interaction (Non-EFI). EFNI bargainers have lower aspiration levels, expect the negotiations will be friendlier, and predominantly use a problem-solving bargaining style compared to Non-EFI bargainers. Perforce, EFNI appears to have a strong moderating effect on satisfaction as Non-EFI bargainers' satisfaction is strongly predicated on their monetary outcomes (expectation–disconfirmation paradigm), while EFNI bargainers' satisfaction is not. Further, while EFNI negotiations take longer than Non-EFI negotiations, they also produce greater parity between buyers' and sellers' satisfaction, which leads to fewer bargainers being dissatisfied. Thus, compared to one-time negotiations, bargainers in EFNI contexts are more likely to be disposed to bargain again, to enter into negotiations with a harmonious disposition and seek solutions that benefit both parties.
Quasispin model for itinerant magnetism—effects of short-range order

The cluster---Bethe-lattice method has been used to study the short-range-ordered state of an itinerant magnetic system. We assume a local moment on each lattice site, but the moments may point up or down and have long- or short-range order. The electronic structure is solved, and the size of the local moments is determined self-consistently. It is found that the Friedel criterion for local moments in the disordered state is different from the Stoner criterion for ferromagnetic state. The phase transition from the ordered state to the paramagnetic state is, in most cases, described by a transition to the local-moment state with short-range order. In the disordered state the energy bands remain spin split over a large part of the wave-vector space. The wave vectors are complex due to spin disorder, and the electron wave function is a mixture of majority and minority band states.
Nature of intercellular matrix of reorganized steroidogenic cells from juvenile chicken testes grown in vitro.

Abstract Steroidogenic cells reorganize into discrete colonies surrounded by fibroblastic cells when juvenile chicken testes cells are dissociated and cultivated in monolayers. Electron microscopic observations in combination with cytochemistry indicate the existence of electron opaque material in the intercellular spaces between the steroidogenic cells only. In the light microscope, the cell periphery of steroidogenic cells shows a positive colour reaction with Alcian blue when the cells are observed individually but a negative reaction when the cells are in groups. Results indicate that either there may be a change of the chemical nature of the intercellular material, or there may be two distinct substances reflecting two synthetic processes during cellular reaggregation and reorganization of steroidogenic cells in vitro.
Foetal tissue transplantation research: scientific progress and the role of special interest groups.

As the debate about research on foetal tissue transplantation progressed, medical scientists learned more about the procedure and its potential for helping persons with degenerative brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Increased scientific knowledge significantly influenced the political process, yet it did not by any means resolve the debate. Rather, increased medical evidence served as a lens which focused discourse on particular issues related to foetal research, such as the details of obtaining informed consent, as well as technical matters related to tissue transplantation, for example, that the creation of a tissue bank was unreasonable, and that foetuses of certain ages were required for the procedure. This increased focus changed the character of the debate on foetal tissue transplantation research, and convinced some law-makers that they should encourage financial support for the research despite their anti-abortion political views.
Vimentin is sufficient and required for wound repair and remodeling in alveolar epithelial cells

The physiological and pathophysiological implications of the expression of vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are unknown. We provide data demonstrating that vimentin is regulated by TGFβ1, a major cytokine released in response to acute lung injury and that vimentin is required for wound repair and remodeling of the alveolar epithelium. Quantitative real-time PCR shows a 16-fold induction of vimentin mRNA in TGFβ1-treated transformed AECs. Luciferase assays identify a Smad-binding element in the 5' promoter of vimentin responsible for TGFβ1-induced transcription. Notably, TGFβ1 induces vimentin protein expression in AECs, which is associated with a 2.5-fold increase in cell motility, resulting in increased rates of migration and wound closure. These effects are independent of cell proliferation. TGFβ1-mediated vimentin protein expression, cell migration, and wound closure are prevented by a pharmacological inhibitor of the Smad pathway and by expression of Ad-shRNA against vimentin. Conversely, overexpression of mEmerald-vimentin is sufficient for increased cell-migration and wound-closure rates. These results demonstrate that vimentin is required and sufficient for increased wound repair in an in vitro model of lung injury.
Photosynthetic pigments and pigment-proteins in natural populations of Antarctic sea-ice diatoms

Abstract Pigment analyses of natural populations of sea-ice diatoms in Antarctica showed a range of chlorophyll a : c molar ratios of 1.85–3.83 and carotenoid (fucoxanthin): chlorophyll a molar ratios of 1.52–2.57. To understand the structural organization of pigments in these low light-adapted populations, the photosynthetic apparatus of a monospecific natural population of the Antarctic sea ice diatom, Nitzschia stellata Manguin (Bacillariophyta), was investigated. Three chlorophyll-protein complexes were isolated from the thylakoid membranes of this diatom. Spectral and pigment analyses revealed that, while all three complexes possessed chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin, chlorophyll c was found only in Complexes I and II. Fifty-nine per cent of the chlorophyll c was found in Complex I, which possessed a chlorophyll a: chlorophyll c: fucoxanthin ratio of 1 : 2: 1, a ratio enriched in accessory pigments compared to whole cell ratios. Complex III contained fucoxanthin and 53% of the total chlorophyll a; this ...
Design of a high performance haptic interface to virtual environments

The design of a four degree-of-freedom, force-reflecting manipulandum for manual interaction with virtual environments is presented. The device emulates a handtool which the operator can use to explore and manipulator virtual objects. The performance of the device (its including to generate a broad range of impedances) is determined by a variety of factors, including the inherent dynamics of the manipulator, the accuracy and resolution of sensors, and the speed of the digital controller. >
Just-in-time language modelling

Traditional approaches to language modelling have relied on a fixed corpus of text to inform the parameters of a probability distribution over word sequences. Increasing the corpus size often leads to better-performing language models, but no matter how large, the corpus is a static entity, unable to reflect information about events which postdate it. We introduce an online paradigm which interleaves the estimation and application of a language model. We present a Bayesian approach to online language modelling, in which the marginal probabilities of a static trigram model are dynamically updated to match the topic being dictated to the system. We also describe the architecture of a prototype we have implemented which uses the World Wide Web (WWW) as a source of information, and provide results from some initial proof of concept experiments.
Development of an immunological technique for identifying multiple predator-prey interactions in a complex arthropod assemblage

A simplified but highly effective approach for the post-mortem evaluation of predationonseveraltargetedmembersofanarthropodassemblagethatdoesnot require the development of pest-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (e.g. pest-specific monoclonal antibodies) or PCR assays (DNA primers) is described. Laboratory feeding studies were conducted to determine if predation events could be detected from predators that consumed prey marked with foreign protein. I determined that large and small rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG)-marked prey can be detected by a rabbit-IgG-specific ELISA in the guts of chewing and piercing‐sucking type predators. I then conducted multifaceted inclusion and exclusion field cage studies to qualify the degree of interguild and intraguild predation occurring among a complex arthropod assemblage during four separate light phase treatments. The field cages contained an arthropod assemblage consisting of 11 or 12 species of predaceous arthropods and three pest species. The three pests introduced into the cages included third instar Trichoplusia ni marked with rabbit IgG, third instar Lygus hesperus marked with chicken IgG and Pectinophora gossypiella sentinel egg masses. The inclusion cages allowed foraging fire ants, Solenopis xyloni, to freely enter the cages while the exclusion cages contained barriers that prevented ant entry. The results obtained using the conventional inclusion/exclusion field cage methodology revealed that there was substantial interguild and intraguild predation occurring on the majority of the arthropods in the assemblage, particularly in those cages that included ants. I then precisely identified which predators in the assemblage were feeding on the three targeted pests by conducting three post-mortem gut content analyses on each individual predator (1503 individuals) in the assemblage. Specifically, P. gossypiella egg predation events were detected using an established P. gossypiella-egg-specific ELISA, and third instar T. ni and L. hesperus predation events were detected using rabbit-IgGspecific and chicken-IgG-specific ELISAs, respectively. Generally, the gut ELISAs revealed that Collops vittatus, Spanagonicus albofasciatus and Geocoris punctipes readily preyed on P. gossypiella eggs; Nabis alternatus, Zelus renardii and spiders (primarily Misumenops celer) readily preyed on marked L. hesperus nymphs, and spiders, S. albofasciatus and N. alternatus readily preyed on T. ni larvae. Furthermore, the cage methods and the post-mortem predator gut ELISAs revealed very few distinctive patterns of predation with regard to the light cycle the assemblage was exposed to.
Trophic calculations reveal the mechanism of population-level variation in mercury concentrations between marine ecosystems: case studies of two polar seabirds.

The incorporation of quantitative trophic level analysis in ecotoxicological studies provides explanatory power to identify the factors, trophic or environmental, driving population-level variation in mercury exposure at large geographic scales. In the Antarctic marine ecosystem, mercury concentrations and stable isotope values in Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) were compared between the Antarctic Peninsula and the Ross Sea. Correcting tissue δ15N values for baseline δ15N values revealed population-level differences in trophic position which contributes to differences in mercury. Data from Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) were synthesized from published values from Baffin Bay and Svalbard to demonstrate the utility of baseline δ15N values in identifying differences in environmental mercury exposure independent of diet. Here, we demonstrate the importance of calculating population-specific trophic level data to uncover the source of variation in mercury concentrations between geographically distinct populations of marine predators.
Countercyclical Hiring as a Staffing Strategy for Managerial and Professional Personnel: An Empirical Investigation

Countercyclical hiring (CCH) has been proposed as a limited alternative to conventional procyclical hiring. An empirical investigation of CCH was conducted on the basis of survey responses from 137 companies. For companies practicing CCH, cost and lack of meaningful work were found to be the most important of six potential inhibiting influences. Conversely, opportunities to hire higher quality experienced and entry level applicants were viewed as the most important of nine encouraging influences. Variables associated with CCH practice were identified through use of regression analysis. Human resource forecasting (HRF) for the purpose of avoiding shortages of qualified personnel and industry variables were found to be associated with the practice of CCH. No associations were foundfor the perceived importance of human resource planning (HRP), company size, the importance of maintaining a "regular" age distribution, or emphasis on management development.
Electro-Rheological-Fluid-Based Articulating Robotic Systems

The limitations of the current generation of robotic systems has triggered a new research thrust for predicting the elastodynamic response of assemblages of articulating flexible-bodied systems. This research thrust is extended herein by proposing the fabrication of robotic systems in either monolithic or ultra-advanced composite laminated high-strength, high-stiffness materials in which are incorporated electro-rheological fluids. These multiphase fluid systems, which change their rheological behavior instantaneously when subjected to an externally applied electrical field, provide a potential for tailoring the vibrational characteristics of these hybrid materials form which the structural members of the proposed robotic systems are fabricated. This paper is focused on developing the necessary design tools for predicting the vibrational response of flexible multibodied articulating systems fabricated with this new class of advanced materials
Probing reionization with Lyman α emission lines

Lyman a emission from high-redshift galaxies may be a powerful probe of the ionization history of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z > 6; the observed Lyman a emission line is sensitive to the IGM hydrogen neutral fraction over the range 0.1-1. We present calculations of observed Lyman a emission lines from z > 6 galaxies, illustrating the effect of varying the many free parameters associated with the emitting galaxy, its halo and the IGM around the galaxy. In particular, we use a dynamic model of the IGM that includes the effect of IGM infall toward the emitting galaxy. Galactic winds may play a crucial role in determining observed Lyman a line fluxes. We compare our model predictions with observations of two z = 6.5 galaxies and conclude that, if galactic winds are allowed for, existing observations place no constraint on the neutral fraction of the IGM at z = 6.5. Future infrared observations will constrain the importance of galactic winds; if winds are unimportant for the observed z = 6.5 galaxies, our models suggest that the IGM neutral fraction at z = 6.5 is ≤0.1.
Vision impairment with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8.

We describe the phenotype of a male infant with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8 (p. 11.2–p. 21). Visual impairment is a major feature in this case. The clinical, radiographic and electrodiagnostic findings are presented. Only four other cases have been reported in which visual problems are associated with a deletion of 8 p.
Influence of concentration on the activation energy for diffusion in polymer-solvent systems

The self-diffusion of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in polystyrene have been analyzed using the Vrentas/Duda free-volume diffusion model. Diffusion coefficient predictions suggest an exponential concentration dependence of the activation energy required to overcome attractive forces, E. Without the use of any diffusion data approximating E as zero over the entire concentration range yields self-diffusion coefficient predictions which are in good agreement with experimental data. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Relationship between Residential Foreclosures, Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status

Existing research indicates that minority homeowners are more likely to experience a foreclosure than a white borrower, but despite the importance of immigrants to the owner-occupied housing market, no research has examined the relationship between nativity status and foreclosure. Using a unique data set and binomial logistic regression models, this article examines the relationship between race, ethnicity, nativity status, and foreclosure for a sample of households in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Research results indicate that the relationship between nativity status and foreclosure differs by the race and ethnicity of the household and whether the mortgage was refinanced or for a home purchase.
Social Network Characteristics and Onset of ADL Disability: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging

The relationship between social network structural and support characteristics and onset of new or recurrent activities of daily living (ADL) disability was examined in a cohort of older men and women. No significant protective effects were found for network structural or support characteristics. However, greater frequency of instrumental support was associated with significantly increased risk of ADL disability among men; a similar though nonsignificant pattern was seen among women. These findings indicate that receipt of more instrumental support may not have uniformly beneficial effects on functional status. They serve to underscore the need for more comprehensive research, examining both the positive and negative effects of social interactions on health and functioning. W ITH the ongoing and rapid growth of the oldest seg
Singlet excited-state lifetimes of cytosine derivatives measured by femtosecond transient absorption

Lifetimes of the lowest excited singlet (S1) electronic states of various derivatives of the pyrimidine nucleobase cytosine (Cyt) were measured by the femtosecond transient absorption technique. The bases were excited in room-temperature aqueous solution at 265 nm using approximately 200 fs pump pulses from a titanium–sapphire laser system. The decay of excited-state absorption (ESA) at visible probe wavelengths was used to determine the S1 lifetimes of a variety of modified Cyt compounds at different pH values by global fitting. Identical lifetimes were observed for Cyt and cytidine (Cyd) within experimental uncertainty, but ESA by the ribonucleoside was considerably stronger, suggesting that the ribose group increases the oscillator strength of the S1 ! SN transition. The S1 lifetime of the important minor base 5methylcytosine (m 5 Cyt) is 7.2 6 0.4 ps at pH 6.8. The same lifetime was measured for the ribonucleoside 5-methylcytidine, but sugar substitution again increased the strength of the ESA signal. Protonation of Cyd and m 5 Cyt at low pH led to a modest decrease in their S1 lifetimes. On the other hand, deprotonation of Cyt and m 5 Cyt significantly increased the lifetime of their respective S1 states. These trends support the intermediacy of the n,p* state localized on the carbonyl oxygen in the nonradiative decay mechanism of Cyt. Longer S1 lifetimes were observed for 5-fluorocytosine and N 4 -acetylcytosine. Collectively, these results illustrate the great potential of femtosecond laser spectroscopy for investigating excitedstate dynamics in DNA and DNA components.
Time course of quartz and TiO(2) particle-induced pulmonary inflammation and neutrophil apoptotic responses in rats.

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, has been reported to play an important role in the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of apoptosis in resolving particle-induced lung inflammatory responses in exposed rats, using a dose-response / time course experimental design. Groups of rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, or 50 mg/kg body weight of quartz (i.e., crystalline silica) particles or to 0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg of pigment-grade titanium dioxide (TiO 2) particles and evaluated for lung inflammation parameters and evidence of apoptosis of inflammatory cells at 24, 48, 72, or 168 hours post exposure. At each post exposure evaluation period, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-recovered cells from control and particle-exposed rats were assessed for apoptosis using 4 different techniques. The results in silica-exposed rats demonstrated a significant dose-related increase in inflammation concomitant with apoptosis of pulmo...
When does a person begin

According to the Constitution View of persons, a human person is wholly constituted by (but not identical to) a human organism. This view does justice both to our similarities to other animals and to our uniqueness. As a proponent of the Constitution View, I defend the thesis that the coming-into-existence of a human person is not simply a matter of the coming-into-existence of an organism, even if that organism ultimately comes to constitute a person. Marshalling some support from developmental psychology, I give a broadly materialistic account of the coming-into-existence of a human person. I argue for the metaphysical superiority of the Constitution View to Biological Animalism, Thomistic Animalism, and other forms of Substance Dualism. I conclude by discussing the single implication of the Constitution View for thinking about abortion.
Measuring and motivating student effort in an online version of the core class in operations management

Observations of students taking a graduate online core class showed significant variability in their use of the online courseware, rudimentally measured as courseware access days and number of tutorials viewed, and lower than expected grades. It was theorised that usage of the online courseware was a measure of individual student effort and a cause of the lower grades. This research attempted to motivate better student effort by capturing multi-dimensional measures of courseware usage and providing real-time effort-related feedback. Experiments conducted over two semesters showed significant improvements in the usage of online courseware components, course evaluation scores, and student grade averages.
FoxM1 Regulates Mammary Luminal Cell Fate

Elevated expression of FoxM1 in breast cancer correlates with an undifferentiated tumor phenotype and a negative clinical outcome. However, a role for FoxM1 in regulating mammary differentiation was not known. Here, we identify another function of FoxM1, the ability to act as a transcriptional repressor, which plays an important role in regulating the differentiation of luminal epithelial progenitors. Regeneration of mammary glands with elevated levels of FoxM1 leads to aberrant ductal morphology and expansion of the luminal progenitor pool. Conversely, knockdown of FoxM1 results in a shift toward the differentiated state. FoxM1 mediates these effects by repressing the key regulator of luminal differentiation, GATA-3. Through association with DNMT3b, FoxM1 promotes methylation of the GATA-3 promoter in an Rb-dependent manner. This study identifies FoxM1 as a critical regulator of mammary differentiation with significant implications for the development of aggressive breast cancers.
End-to-End Delay Analysis of Distributed Systems with Cycles in the Task Graph

A significant problem with no simple solutions in current real-time literature is analyzing the end-to-end schedulability of tasks in distributed systems with cycles in the task graph. Prior approaches including network calculus and holistic schedulability analysis work best for acyclic task flows. They involve iterative solutions or offer no solutions at all when flows are non-acyclic. This paper demonstrates the construction of the first generalized closed-form expression for schedulability analysis in distributed task systems with non-acyclic flows. The approach is a significant extension to our previous work on schedulability in Directed Acyclic Graphs. Our main result is a bound on end-to-end delay for a task in a distributed system with non-acyclic task flows. The delay bound allows one of several schedulability tests to be performed. Evaluation shows that the schedulability tests thus constructed are less pessimistic than prior approaches for large distributed systems.
Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has become a powerful structural tool since the first reports of its use in 1981. Samples are ionized in the condensed state, usually in a glycerol matrix, by bombarding the matrix with xenon or argon atoms with energies of 5000 to 10,000 electron volts. This yields both positive and negative secondary ions, which are sputtered from the surface. The technique has been used to detect inorganic ion clusters to mass 25,800 and biologically active peptides to mass 5700, and it gives molecular ions of such highly polar or labile organic compounds as glycosphingolipids and polyene antibiotics. It can be especially valuable in determining the sequences of amino acids in polypeptides.
Fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography with a radiative transfer-based model

Time-dependent measurements of light propagation have been demonstrated to provide more information compared to time- independent, or continuous wave (CW) measurements for image reconstruction, when employing absorption or fluorescence contrast. Time-dependent measurements made in the frequency domain have been experimentally made with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in preclinical and clinical research at modulation frequencies of 100MHz or less. However, measurements of higher modulation frequencies have potential to improve the reconstruction quality, if SNR can be conserved. In addition, the diffusion approximation (DA) has been demonstrated in both time dependent and independent measurements to be inaccurate in small tissue volumes as well as under conditions of high absorption and low scattering. In this paper, we proposed the third-order simplified spherical harmonics approximations (SP 3 )-based reconstruction algorithm for fluorescence enhanced optical tomography (FEOT) made in the frequency domain for enhanced accuracy at high modulation frequencies. In this algorithm, fully parallel implementation significantly improves the reconstruction speed and makes the large-scale data-based reconstruction possible. With the Monte Carlo-based synthetic data on the digital mouse phantom, the reconstructed results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm compared to DA-based reconstruction method.
CYTOGAMY: AN INDUCIBLE, ALTERNATE PATHWAY OF CONJUGATION IN TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA

We report the occurrence of cytogamy in Tetrahymena thermophila. By analogy to Paramecium, cytogamy generates exconjugant clones that derive their entire genetic information from a single meiotic product of their cytoplasmic parent. Thus, "instant" whole-genome homozygotes are created. Cytogamy has been induced in every strain of T. thermophila tested, and most of the excytogamous progeny have exhibited high fertility. The high frequency with which cytogamy can be induced by hyperosmotic shock, coupled with the foregoing genetic properties, make this process a practical (and already proven) method for the isolation of recessive mutants in T. thermophila. We also report that the cytogamy-inducing treatment induces other rare abnormalities of genetic transmission, which have not yet been characterized.
Treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer: historical and critical review.

Background: Advanced squamous cell cancers of the head and neck have traditionally been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Advances in management have improved outcomes for most of these patients. Methods: The author reviews the historical progress in management of these difficult tumors and adds his own wide experience to describe and evaluate newer approaches to management. Results: Over the last 10 years, overall survival rates for patients with head and neck cancers have improved as has quality of life. New standards of care have been defined for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer and for those with advanced unresectable disease. Organ preservation is more commonly achieved. Conclusions: Newer targeted therapies are likely to add to the progress that has already been achieved in the multimodality management of patients with head and neck cancers.
Complications of Rhinosinusitis

■ The spread of infections from the paranasal sinuses to the orbit and intracranial cavity is due to the close proximity of these structures and the presence of valveless veins.
Brain Biomarkers of Vulnerability and Progression to Psychosis

Identifying predictors and elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying onset of psychosis are critical for the development of targeted preemptive interventions. This article presents a selective review of findings on risk prediction algorithms and potential mechanisms of onset in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis, focusing principally on recent findings of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS). Multivariate models incorporating risk factors from clinical, demographic, neurocognitive, and psychosocial assessments achieve high levels of predictive accuracy when applied to individuals who meet criteria for a prodromal risk syndrome. An individualized risk calculator is available to scale the risk for newly ascertained cases, which could aid in clinical decision making. At risk individuals who convert to psychosis show elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as disrupted resting state thalamo-cortical functional connectivity at baseline, compared with those who do not. Further, converters show a steeper rate of gray matter reduction, most prominent in prefrontal cortex, that in turn is predicted by higher levels of inflammatory markers at baseline. Microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, have recently been discovered to influence synaptic plasticity in health and impair plasticity in disease. Processes that modulate microglial activation may represent convergent mechanisms that influence brain dysconnectivity and risk for onset of psychosis and thus may be targetable in developing and testing preventive interventions.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PANIC ATTACKS AND PANIC DISORDER RESULTS OF THREE COMMUNITY SURVEYS

The authors report findings pertaining to panic disorder from the first three sites of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Probability samples of about 3,000 persons aged 18 years or older were interviewed in the New Haven, Connecticut area, eastern Baltimore City, Maryland, and the greater St. Louis, Missouri area in 1980-1982. Information on panic attacks and panic disorder was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The prevalence rate of panic attacks in the prior six months was found to be about 3% at each of the sites, while the prevalence of panic disorder varied from 0.6 to 1.0%. Age at onset was found to peak at 15-19 years. Simple panic attacks, severe and recurrent panic attacks, and panic disorder were found to be characterized by similar symptom profiles and age at onset distributions, and to have similar distributions by demographic factors.
Lessons from the Dying: The Role of Deuteronomy 32 in its Narrative Setting

If one can trust the testimony of modern biblical scholarship, the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32 is leading a double life. According to some, Deuteronomy 32 represents a lawsuit in which God summons witnesses to the stand (Deut 32:1), issues a formal indictment (Deut 32:15–18), takes an oath (Deut 32:40), and, finally, pronounces punishment (Deut 32:19–29). For others, Deuteronomy 32 represents a wisdom text that identifies itself as a teaching (Deut 32:2), chastises Israel for its intellectual shortcomings (Deut 32:6, 28), and repeatedly exhorts Israel to remember and understand (Deut 32:7, 29). Thus Deuteronomy 32 seems to have two literary identities: one as an act of indictment drawing on legal language; the other as an act of instruction belonging to the sphere of wisdom.
Analysis of Reactor Accident

Since the nuclear reactors based on the fission reaction are getting to be more economically competitive, with other type of electrical power plants such as gas or fossil fuel based. However, there appears to be nearly unlimited supply of fission product fuel, providing the new generation (i.e., GEN IV) concepts are developing over the near term, as a result, the nuclear power reactor is becoming a major source of electric power as well as supply of such source to industrialized society are becoming inevitable. The scope of this chapter is confined to nuclear safety as it pertains to power reactor accident that may lead to release of radioactive materials to the environment. Moreover, we should be concerned and put emphasis to the discussion of those more serious situations with the potential for causing significant public health problem.
Hepato-Renal Factors in Circulatory Homeostasis. II. Disappearance of Hepatic Vaso-Depressor Material Following Intravenous Administration

SummaryIn vitro studies have shown that the vasodepressor principle, which appears during the hypo-reactive stage of shock and results from the anoxia of liver and skeletal muscles, can be inactivated under aerobic conditions by healthy liver slices. The present study was concerned with the mechanisms by which endogenous and exogenous VDM are removed from the circulation of the living animal. The exogenous VDM was concentrated and purified from saline extracts of anaerobic beef liver. The endogenous VDM was released into the blood following liver anoxia produced by temporary occlusion of the hepatic artery in a partially eviscerated preparation. Two mechanisms for VDM removal were revealed:(1) its inactivation by the healthy liver;(2) its excretion into the urine by the normal kidney. A preliminary period of hepatic anoxia rendered the liver incapable of inactivating VDM in vivo, presumably through anoxic damage to the hepatic enzyme system for this function. This situation is analogous to the progressive...
Clinical and biologic features of childhood T-cell leukemia with the t(11;14)

Cytogenetic analysis of cells from 622 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and successful G-banding chromosome studies disclosed seven cases with the t(11;14)(p13;q11) and one with the t(11;14)(p15;q11). Leukemia cells in all eight cases had a T-cell immunophenotype. The t(11;14)(p13;q11) occurred in 6.8% and the t(11;14)(p15;q11) in 1% of T-cell ALL cases (n = 103). The t(11;14) was associated with presenting clinical features typical of T-cell ALL: male predominance (n = 6), age greater than 10 years (n = 3), hyperleukocytosis (white blood cells greater than 100 x 10(9)/L, n = 5), relatively high hemoglobin level (median, 10.8 g/dL), high serum lactic dehydrogenase level (median, 3248 U/L), presence of mediastinal mass (n = 6), and central nervous system leukemia (n = 2). While there were no significant differences in presenting features between T-cell ALL cases with or without the t(11;14), leukemic cells from patients with the translocations were more likely to coexpress CD4 and CD8 antigens (6 of 6 v 35 of 86 cases tested, P less than .05). Adverse events have occurred in six patients: three central nervous system relapses [including the one with t(11;14)(p15;q11)], two secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and one hematologic relapse. Our results indicate that the t(11;14)(p13;q11) occurs exclusively in T-cell malignancies of intermediate- or late-stage thymocyte differentiation. Additional studies are needed to determine the prognostic implications of these translocations.
Sensing and Analysis of End-Effector Forces for Precision Assembly

Although programmable automation has been used both in manufacturing and in assembly work for nearly three decades, its effectiveness in precision assembly has only recently become evident due to improved accuracy and repeatability. The principal weakness of earlier robotic systems was the absence of sensors for fine-tuning and hence there was often an error in the position of the end-effector/gripper. Earlier efforts were directed at developing better hardware and control systems, which greatly increased the unit price of the robots and reduced, therefore, their cost-effectiveness. Development of machine vision and tactile sensors was the next step, but it was by no means the best because of the enormous cost. Also, programming was complex and time consuming.
Physicochemical Constraints on Surfactant Blends under Harsh Conditions and Evaluation of a Proposed Solution

Chemical-enhanced oil recovery has been applied successfully in reservoirs with mild salinity and temperature conditions. Offshore reservoirs challenge chemical flooding, e.g., low-tension and foam flooding, because of the combined hardness and salinity of seawater along with the characteristics of the reservoir connate brine. These physicochemical conditions impose severe limitations on adequate phase behavior for most commercial surfactants. The purpose of this research is to analyze surfactant phase behavior for scenarios with seawater as the main carrying fluid for surfactant systems for harsh conditions similar to those in heavy-oil reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico. We also aim at testing a recently developed surfactant characterization technique using a recently published NMR protocol [Garcia-Olvera et al., Energy Fuels, 2016, 30, 63]. In this technique, NMR spectra of surfactants, cosurfactants, and polymers are calibrated to enable analysis of individual components in chemical blends. Critical mic...
Dauer Formation and Ageing

The dauer larva is an alternate developmental stage in C. elegans which allows the animal to survive adverse environmental conditions for extended periods of time. Upon exposure to a more favourable environment, the worm can exit this diapause stage and develop into a reproductive adult, with minimal effects on subsequent survival. Genetic analysis of dauer formation has identified genes and pathways that are involved in dauer entry, maintenance and recovery from the dauer stage. Many of the genes that influence dauer development also influence adult lifespan and thus the dauer larva has been an invaluable tool with which to decipher the components of novel signalling pathways that have the potential to influence ageing in humans. Indeed, orthologs of genes involved in dauer formation have also been shown to influence ageing in mammals. This chapter will review the links between dauer formation and post-reproductive ageing.
Cloning of a foreign gene coding for α-amylase in Bacillussubtilis

Abstract Foreign DNA has been introduced into the genome of bacteriophage O3T, producing a specialized transducing bacteriophage containing the genetic information encoding α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H. Genetic and physical studies demonstrated that the gene(s) is inserted into the bacteriophage genome. These bacteriophage carrying the gene(s) encoding α-amylase lysogenized and replicated in Bacillus subtilis with normal efficiency. In these lysogens, the gene(s) encoding α-amylase appears to map near the bacteriophage attachment site rather than the chromosomal amy E locus. This method of construction of specialized bacteriophage should be applicable to the cloning of other genes for which no primary selection exists.
Drug shortages: An approach to managing the latest crisis

In recent years, many drug shortages have compromised patient care. Drug shortages can lead to altered therapeutic outcomes, increased risk of medication errors, and increased medical costs. This article presents one hospital's successful algorithm for managing medication shortages. Methods included drafting a shortage policy and procedure; identifying a primary contact person to assess the impact of the shortage; identifying appropriate clinicians to perform research; establishing references for identification of alternative agents; and promptly communicating with and disseminating shortage information to appropriate individuals.
Sensitivity Studies on Local Flange Buckling Equations for Pultruded Beams and Columns

The objective of this research was to investigate the sensitivity of a proposed design equation for local flange buckling in pultruded I sections to the mechanical properties of the elements of the section and to determine the accuracy of the equation that includes the effect of the rotational restraint at the web-flange junction. The web-flange junction stiffness is shown to contribute significantly to the flange buckling resistance of the cross-section and it is more significant in beams than in columns. The predicted buckling loads were compared with the results of tests and professional factors for LRFD calibrations have been developed. The sensitivity study was performed with respect to the orthotropic in-plane stiffness properties of the pultruded material in an effort to determine to what degree they contribute to the calculated buckling resistance of the section. Finally, the practicality of using the equation for the design of macroscopically non-homogeneous members is discussed.
The Transformative Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis: Evidence from Young Children’s Problem-Solving

This study examined 4-year-olds’ problem-solving under different social conditions. Children had to use water in order to extract a buoyant object from a narrow tube. When faced with the problem ‘cold’ without cues, nearly all children were unsuccessful (Experiment 1). But when a solution-suggesting video was pedagogically delivered prior to the task, most children (69% in Experiment 1, 75% in Experiment 2) succeeded. Showing children the same video in a non-pedagogical manner did not lift their performance above baseline (Experiment 1) and was less effective than framing it pedagogically (Experiments 1 and 2). The findings support ideas central to natural pedagogy (Csibra and Gergely Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(4), 148–153, 2009). They also challenge the Cultural Intelligence hypothesis, according to which only humans’ social, but not their physical, cognition differs qualitatively from that of great apes. A more radical, transformative variant of the Cultural Intelligence hypothesis is suggested according to which humans’ physical cognition is shaped by their social nature and must therefore be recognized as equally distinctive as their social cognition.
Electromagnetic design of an ultra-high speed switched reluctance machine over 1 million rpm

Ultra-high speed switched reluctance machines (SRM) are becoming more and more promising due to its robustness and simple geometry. This paper proposed a detailed design procedure for an ultra-high speed SRM, including dimension calculation, material selection, winding selection, windage torque calculation, drive system and control strategy. The ultimate goal is to build a machine that is electromagnetically good enough to rotate beyond 1,000,000 rpm. A Maxwell/Simplorer co-simulation model is built to validate the proposed design. Single pulse control is used to drive the machine. The machine is being built and will be finished in the near future.
Magnetomotive Displacement of the Tympanic Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: Toward Enhancement of Sound Perception

Objective: A novel hearing-aid scheme using magnetomotive nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in the tympanic membrane (TM) is proposed, aiming to noninvasively and directly induce a modulated vibration on the TM. Methods: In this feasibility study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were applied on ex vivo rat TM tissues and allowed to diffuse over ∼2 h. Subsequently, magnetic force was exerted on the MNP-laden TM via a programmable electromagnetic solenoid to induce the magnetomotion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), along with its phase-sensitive measurement capabilities, was utilized to visualize and quantify the nanometer-scale vibrations generated on the TM tissues. Results: The magnetomotive displacements induced on the TM were significantly greater than the baseline vibration of the TM without MNPs. In addition to a pure frequency tone, a chirped excitation and the corresponding spectroscopic response were also successfully generated and obtained. Finally, visualization of volumetric TM dynamics was achieved. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of magnetically inducing vibrations on TMs containing iron oxide nanoparticles, manipulating the amplitude and the frequency of the induced TM motions, and the capability of assessing the magnetomotive dynamics via OCT. Significance: The results demonstrated here suggest the potential use of this noninvasive magnetomotive approach in future hearing aid applications. OCT can be utilized to investigate the magnetomotive dynamics of the TM, which may either enhance sound perception or magnetically induce the perception of sound without the need for acoustic speech signals.
The Representation of War in German Literature: War and peace: Handke

When Peter Handke published his essays on the violent conflicts in the former Yugoslavia, he unleashed a veritable media war. The responses ranging from outraged condemnation to whole-hearted endorsement fill several edited volumes. In spite of such turmoil, Handke continues to label his essays “Friedenstexte,” texts of peace. Intriguingly, Handke appears to suggest that a text of peace is categorically different from one that critiques war. Already in his early work, Handke was acutely aware of the difficulties inherent in the attempt to narrate peace. Whereas war gives rise to numerous stories, peace resists representation: “Yet no one has been successful in intoning an epic of peace. What is it about peace that it does not continually excite and seldom allows itself to be told” ( Wings of Desire ). In order to write an epic of peace, Handke's essays devise a new concept of history; one that focuses on the stuff of our daily lives rather than the defining events and glorious leaders of conventional history writing. Handke's attempt to write a different history also conjures the force of myth. But, unlike Junger's mythical construct, Handke's use of myth is designed not to renounce agency and encourage fatalistic acceptance of the cosmic maelstrom, but to break out of history's spiral of violence. Handke's essays seek to carve out moments of peace by moving beyond the ravages of war and history toward recognition of the transcendental in the everyday.
Resources as the Key to Rural Employment

This chapter focuses on the role of resources to promote and sustain employment for rural low-income families, whether individual resources, or public and/or private resources available in the community. The ecological model (Fig. 8.1) offers a visual representation of resources and of the selection and use of nonpersonal resources to achieve goals such as employment, satisfaction of needs, and quality of life-supporting services. Education and transportation are highlighted as facilitating resources for employment and well-being. The Rural Families Speak study narratives are used to illustrate some of the resource use by rural low-income families.
INTRON SPLICING IN PLANT ORGANELLES

The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of plants and algae are rich in intervening sequences. With the exception of the group III introns in the chloroplasts of euglenoid protists, plant organellar introns all belong to either the group I or group II intron ribozyme families. Members of the group II intron class are particularly diverse and plentiful in plant organelles and provide fertile ground for the identification of novel modes of protein-RNA cooperation and coevolution. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding splicing mechanisms, trans-acting splicing factors, and the regulation of splicing in the organelles of plants.