cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dynamical oscillation and propulsion of magnetic fields in the convective zone of a star. I - General considerations

Observations of the sun show that the magnetic flux of the large activity complexes emerges in localized sites in brief bursts at intervals of many days or a few weeks. The quantity of flux arriving at the surface suggests that the mean aximuthal field of the sun in the lower convective zone is not less than 3000 G and may perhaps be considerably more. Such a field inhibits the convective transport of heat. Hence there is a cool shadow on the upper side of the field, and that cool shadow presses downward so hard as to suppress the magnetic buoyancy, forcing the field to remain in the lower convective zone. The accumulation of heat below the field forces intruding fingers of gas up through the field, forming thermal plumes extending up to the visible surface. It is suggested that the process is intermittent, providing a thermal relaxation oscillation with a period of the order of one week. The activity complexes observed at the surface are the consequence of these eruptions of fluid and entrained field from the lower convective zone.
Formation of crystalline polymers from the reaction of amine-functionalized C60 with silver salts.

Three new crystalline compounds of Ag(I) with fullerene-containing ligands, the piperidine adduct [C60(N(CH2CH2)2N)] and the fullero[60]pyrrolidine [C60(CH2N(CH3)CH2)], have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The polymeric structure of {[C60(N(CH2CH2)2N)][Ag(O2CCF3)]2}·CS2 consists of linear chains composed of two distinct molecules of the functionalized fullerene, with four Ag(I) ions attached to the four nitrogen atoms and four bridging trifluoroacetate ions. Two of the four Ag(I) ions form η2-bonds to carbon atoms in different regions of the fullerene cage, and there is one close Ag−Ag contact (3.1657(7) A) as well. These chains are further cross-linked by bridging trifluoroacetate ions. The structure of {[C60(CH2N(CH3)CH2)]Ag(NO3)}·0.25CH3OH involves two similar polymeric chains in which Ag(I) ions bind to the nitrogen atom of one N-methyl-3,4-fullero[60]pyrrolidine ligand and to a carbon atom of another N-methyl-3,4-fullero[60]pyrrolidine in η1-fashion for one chain and in dist...
Uterine Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations and Peroxidase Activities in the Estrous Cycle and Perimaturation Period of Mice

The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxidase activity (PA) were measured in mouse uterus during the perimaturation period (4–8 weeks of age) and the estrous cycle. The onset of maturation was accompanied by a spurt in PA but not in H2O2. Neither H2O2 nor PA varied significantly during the estrous cycle. These results differ from those reported in the rat where positive correlations for both with the estrogen state of the uterus were observed.
Project, systems and risk management processes interactions

This paper discusses three major concepts: projects, risk, and systems management. Systems and project management consider risk management as an integral part of their processes. Risk management is used to avoid any failure or crisis during their life cycles. Projects have well defined life cycles during which the risk is defined, controlled, and managed. Systems, on the other hand, have a relatively longer life cycle that is divided into phases. Risk management is processed in each phase of the systems. Projects have a very strong relation to systems since projects mostly become parts of larger systems. These projects are initiated within the systems for two purposes: (1) to close certain operational gaps, or (2) to expand the capabilities of the system. The issue raised in this paper is whether failure events occurring within a system could be traced back to initiating events in the project or in its integration. Is it possible to reduce or eliminate risks within the system by managing the initiating events of risk in the projects? The objective is to identify if projects have any role in risky event in the system.
Chemistry of Uranium in Aluminophosphate Glasses

The U(VI)-U(V)-U(IV) redox equilibria are investigated in two sodium aluminophosphate base compositions at a variety of melt temperatures, imposed oxygen fugacities, and uranium contents. Results show that the higher redox states of uranium are quite soluble in the phosphate glasses, although U(IV) readily precipitates from the melts as UO2. In addition, comparisons of the uranium redox equilibria established in phosphate melts versus those in silicate melts shows that the coordination sites of the individual uranium species are generally the same in both solvent systems although they differ in detail.
A Weighted Density-Based Approach for Identifying Standardized Items that are Significantly Related to the Biological Literature

A large part of scientific knowledge is confined to the text of publications. An algorithm is presented for distinguishing those pieces of information that can be predicted from the text of publication abstracts from those, for successes in prediction are spurious. The significance of relationships between textual data and information that is represented in standardized ontologies and protein domains is evaluated using a density-based approach. The approach also integrates a weighting system to account for many-to-many relationships between the abstracts and the genes they represent as well as between genes and the items that describe them. We evaluate the approach using data related from the model species yeast, and show that our results are in better agreement with biological expectations than a comparison algorithm.
Volumetric Topological Analysis: A Novel Approach for Trabecular Bone Classification on the Continuum Between Plates and Rods

Trabecular bone (TB) is a complex quasi-random network of interconnected plates and rods. TB constantly remodels to adapt to the stresses to which it is subjected (Wolff's Law). In osteoporosis, this dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and resorption is perturbed, leading to bone loss and structural deterioration. Both bone loss and structural deterioration increase fracture risk. Bone's mechanical behavior can only be partially explained by variations in bone mineral density, which led to the notion of bone structural quality. Previously, we developed digital topological analysis (DTA) which classifies plates, rods, profiles, edges, and junctions in a TB skeletal representation. Although the method has become quite popular, a major limitation of DTA is that it provides only hard classifications of different topological entities, failing to distinguish between narrow and wide plates. Here, we present a new method called volumetric topological analysis (VTA) for regional quantification of TB topology. At each TB location, the method uniquely classifies its topology on the continuum between perfect plates and perfect rods, facilitating early detections of TB alterations from plates to rods according to the known etiology of osteoporotic bone loss. Several new ideas, including manifold distance transform, manifold scale, and feature propagation have been introduced here and combined with existing DTA and distance transform methods, leading to the new VTA technology. This method has been applied to multidetector computed tomography (CT) and micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of four cadaveric distal tibia and five distal radius specimens. Both intra- and inter-modality reproducibility of the method has been examined using repeat CT and μCT scans of distal tibia specimens. Also, the method's ability to predict experimental biomechanical properties of TB via CT imaging under in vivo conditions has been quantitatively examined and the results found are very encouraging.
Fluid electrodes for monitoring the electrocardiogram during activity and for prolonged periods of time.

Abstract The construction of a fluid electrode and the method for adhering the electrode to skin is described in detail. The electrode is atraumatic, not encumbering, and remains attached to the skin for long periods of time during strenous activity. It was demonstrated that the electrical signal picked up by the electrode is not distorted appreciably by movement of skin beneath the electrode or by direct blows to the electrode. Equivalent electrocardiograms are obtained with fluid and standard electrodes using conventional leads on subjects at rest. It is suggested that the fluid electrodes used with conventional leads may have application for monitoring the electrocardiogram in unusual circumstances, for example, on patients during and after cardiac operations. When fluid electrodes are used on the precordium, electrocardiograms showing good electrocardiographic complexes during vigorous physical activity are obtained. Use of precordial fluid electrodes for determining pulse rates during various activities and/or for prolonged periods of time is described. Other possible applications for the precordial fluid electrodes are suggested.
Manifestation and persistence of Pig-a mutant red blood cells in C57BL/6 mice following single and split doses of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.

Treating rats with single doses of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) results in a time-dependent accumulation of Pig-a-mutant phenotype peripheral red blood cells (RBCs), reaching a plateau at about 6-weeks posttreatment, with the response persisting for at least 26 weeks. In the present study, groups of 5 C57BL/6 male mice were administered single i.p. doses of up to 140 mg/kg ENU, and blood samples were collected up to 26 weeks posttreatment. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry for the frequency of CD24-deficient (presumed Pig-a mutant) reticulocytes (RETs) and total RBCs; micronucleated RET frequencies were evaluated at 1 day posttreatment. Mean Pig-a mutant frequencies and micronucleated RET frequencies increased in a dose-responsive manner, with maximum Pig-a frequencies in RETs and RBCs observed at Week 2 and Week 4 posttreatment, respectively. Mutant frequencies in RETs and RBCs generally decreased slowly with time after reaching their maxima. In a second experiment, groups of five male C57BL/6 mice were given single i.p. injections of 8, 32, or 160 mg/kg ENU, or four weekly doses of 8 or 40 mg/kg ENU (split doses totaling 32 and 160 mg/kg, respectively). In each case the maximum RET and RBC mutant frequencies produced by the split doses were similar to but not as great as the mutant frequencies produced by the equivalent single doses. The data indicate that ENU-induced Pig-a mutant RBC frequencies accumulate in mice as they do in rats; however, mice and rats differ in the manifestation kinetics and the persistence of the responses. © Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. Published 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reduced repolarization reserve in ventricular myocytes from female mice

Objective: Cardiac repolarization is prolonged and repolarization reserve (RR) is diminished in female rabbits and humans, compared to males. Reduced RR is evidenced by the relatively greater increase in ventricular action potential duration (APD) in myocytes from 1 females in response to drugs that block repolarizing K currents. Mice are an increasingly important experimental model animal for cardiovascular research, but gender-dependent differences have not been reported for repolarization in murine ventricular myocytes. 1 Methods: APD and repolarizing K currents were measured in isolated ventricular myocytes from adult littermate male and female mice. 1 Repolarizing K currents were dissected into transient (I ) and sustained (I ) components and the selective I antagonist FK506 was to sus sus used to probe for differences in RR. Results: Under control conditions APD at 50% (APD ) and at 90% (APD ) repolarization was
Recent Advances in Ordinal Analysis: $\Pi _{2}^{1}-\text{CA}$ and Related Systems

§1. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is, in general, to report the state of the art of ordinal analysis and, in particular, the recent success in obtaining an ordinal analysis for the system of -analysis, which is the subsystem of formal second order arithmetic, Z2, with comprehension confined to -formulae. The same techniques can be used to provide ordinal analyses for theories that are reducible to iterated -comprehension, e.g., -comprehension. The details will be laid out in [28]. Ordinal-theoretic proof theory came into existence in 1936, springing forth from Gentzen's head in the course of his consistency proof of arithmetic. Gentzen fostered hopes that with sufficiently large constructive ordinals one could establish the consistency of analysis, i.e., Z2. Considerable progress has been made in proof theory since Gentzen's tragic death on August 4th, 1945, but an ordinal analysis of Z2 is still something to be sought. However, for reasons that cannot be explained here, -comprehension appears to be the main stumbling block on the road to understanding full comprehension, giving hope for an ordinal analysis of Z2 in the foreseeable future. Roughly speaking, ordinally informative proof theory attaches ordinals in a recursive representation system to proofs in a given formal system; transformations on proofs to certain canonical forms are then partially mirrored by operations on the associated ordinals. Among other things, ordinal analysis of a formal system serves to characterize its provably recursive ordinals, functions and functionals and can yield both conservation and combinatorial independence results.
Reinforcement Learning based Output-Feedback Controller for Complex Nonlinear Discrete-time Systems

A novel reinforcement-learning based output-adaptive neural network (NN) controller, also referred as the adaptive-critic NN controller, is developed to track a desired trajectory for a class of complex feedback nonlinear discrete-time systems in the presence of bounded and unknown disturbances. This nonlinear discrete-time system consists of a second order system in nonstrict form and an affine nonlinear discrete-time system tightly coupled together. Two adaptive critic NN controllers are designed - primary one for the nonstrict system and the secondary one for the affine system. A Lyapunov function shows the uniformly ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the closed-loop tracking error, weight estimates and observer estimates. Separation principle and certainty equivalence principles are relaxed, persistency of excitation condition is not required and linear in the unknown parameter assumption is not needed. The performance of this controller is evaluated on a spark ignition (SI) engine operating with high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels where the objective is to reduce cyclic dispersion in heat release.
Two (or More) Kinds Of Scripture Scholarship

'higher criticism,' 'historical criticism,' 'biblical criticism,' or 'historical biblical criticism' (HBC). An enlightenment project; an effort to understand Biblical books from the standpoint that relies on reason. Spinoza: "The rule for [biblical] interpretation should be nothing but the natural light of reason which is common to all--not any supernatural light nor any external authority" (Theologico-Political Tractate, 14).
The Hutton Field, Blocks 211/28, 211/27, UK North Sea

Abstract The Hutton oil field is situated in the East Shetlands Basin in the UK North Sea on the western side of the Viking Graben. It straddles UK Blocks 211/27 and 211/28. The field was discovered in July 1973 by the Conoco well 211/28-la and is operated by Conoco (UK) Limited. The structure comprises a series of southwesterly dipping tilted fault blocks. The reservoir sandstones are Middle Jurassic in age and were deposited as a result of deltaic progradation across the Hutton area. The oil bearing Brent Group sandstones vary in thickness from 150 ft to 380 ft with average porosities of 22% and permeabilities of 500-2000 md in the producing zones. Original recoverable reserves have been estimated at 190 MMBBL, of which the field has produced 107 MMBBL to date. The field is developed via a tension-leg platform, the first of its kind in the world.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome after renal transplantation in the United States

The incidence and risk factors for diabetic ketoacidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, previously called non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma) have not been reported in a national population of renal transplant (renal transplantation) recipients. We performed a historical cohort study of 39,628 renal transplantation recipients in the United States Renal Data System between 1 July 1994 and 30 June 1998, followed until 31 Dec 1999. Outcomes were hospitalizations for a primary diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (ICD-9 code 250.1x) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (code 250.2x). Cox Regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios for time to hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome were 33.2/1000 person years (PY) and 2.7/1000 PY respectively for recipients with a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM), and 2.0/1000 PY and 1.1/1000 PY in patients without DM. In Cox Regression analysis, African Americans (AHR, 2.71, 95 %CI, 1.96–3.75), females, recipients of cadaver kidneys, patients age 33–44 (vs. >55), more recent year of transplant, and patients with maintenance TAC (tacrolimus, vs. cyclosporine) had significantly higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. However, the rate of diabetic ketoacidosis decreased more over time in TAC users than overall. Risk factors for hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome were similar except for the significance of positive recipient hepatitis C serology and non-significance of female gender. Both diabetic ketoacidosis (AHR, 2.44, 95% CI, 2.10–2.85, p < 0.0001) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (AHR 1.87, 95% CI, 1.22–2.88, p = 0.004) were independently associated with increased mortality. We conclude that diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome were associated with increased risk of mortality and were not uncommon after renal transplantation. High-risk groups were identified.
Bevelled Dual-Channel Microelectrodes

Preparation of bevelled dual-channel glass microelectrodes is described. The bevelled tips overcome some of the problems which complicate intracellular recording. The size of the tip opening is increased, resulting in a lower resistance, which in turn confers greater current-carrying capacity and less noise susceptibility. Bevelling also preserves the sharp point, facilitating tissue penetration and minimizing neuronal trauma. The characteristics of bevelled and unbevelled electrodes filled with 0.5 or 3 M KCI, K Acetate and K 2 SO 4 were similar. Bevelled electrodes were shown to maintain a near constant resistance during current passage, while unbevelled ones showed changes in resistance that were dependent on current magnitude, polarity and duration. Such changes were caused principally by electro-osmosis.
E-025 Initial Multicentre Experience Using the Penumbra 5Max,4MAX and 3MAX Reperfusion Catheters in Acute Stroke Therapy

Purpose The Penumbra MAX System (5MAX, 4MAX, and 3MAX) refers to a new generation of reperfusion catheters with a larger, tapered lumen and new material composition in the distal end designed to enhance aspiration efficiency with improve trackability. Results from a retrospective multicentre study with the Penumbra System 5 MAX, 4MAX and 3MAX reperfusion catheters in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion are reported. Methods A retrospective case-review of 22 consecutive acute ischaemic stroke cases from July 2012 through March 2013 treated by the Penumbra System (5 MAX, 4MAX and 3MAX) was performed. The case experience from three institutions was collected in the initial months after the device was released. Results are reported from cases which involved occlusions in the ICA (n=6), proximal MCA M1 (n=10), distal MCA M2 (n=3) and vertebrobasilar arteries (n=3). Results Prior to intervention, all patients presented with TICI 0 or 1. Successful revascularisation was primarily achieved in 86.3% (Tici 2b & Tici 3 ) using the Penumbra System with 5 MAX, 4MAX and 3MAX reperfusion catheters. Mean age was 71.45 ± 14.4 years; median baseline NIHSS score was 20.5 ± 3.96. In 1 patient, embolisation of new territory was found and treated by IA rtPA. One case of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) was noted with haemorrhage in a previously unaffected region, possibly secondary to IV rtPA treatment. Conclusion Early clinical experience suggests that the 5 MAX, 4MAX and 3MAX appear to have improved aspiration efficiency and tracking. Follow-up data and additional cases are critical in confirming these initial results. Disclosures J. Farkas: None. K. Arcot: None. R. Kumar: None. J. Delbrune: None. N. Papamitsakis: None. Y. Margulis: None. D. Walzman: None. S. Dash: None. K. Levin: None. S. Azhar: None.
Cost-effective allocation of NASA's rocket propulsion test assets

NASA's vision for space exploration requires the development of several new rocket propulsion test articles such as the J-2X engine and the Orion propulsion. Enhanced testing capabilities are needed to properly address the feasibility, performance and lifetime aspects of new rocket propulsion technologies. The Aerospace Corporation performed a study to evaluate options for NASA's existing and proposed rocket propulsion test assets that can meet emerging NASA, DOD and commercial requirements over the next decade. Alternate options for test facility allocation are developed with the objective of minimizing total cost over the planning horizon. The mathematical problem presented a special challenge in terms of multiple scenarios that exist for the current and intermittent states of these facilities while not in testing mode. Determining the optimal mix require a sophisticated model that can handle the six different states a facility can be in at a given point in time and ten different types of costs that may incur depending on the state. Costs are incurred when the facility is in active state as well as inactive state waiting for the next planned tests. Mathematical optimization and search algorithms were used to develop alternative solutions that satisfied the defined constraints. The problem also presented a challenge for commercial optimization software and was therefore augmented with internally developed algorithms.
A metal-binding motif implicated in RNA recognition by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and by a retroviral gene product.

Summary A randomly generated mutation in Escherichia coli alanine tRNA synthetase compensates for a mutation in its cognate tRNA. The enzyme's mutation occurs next to a Cys-X2-Cys-X6-His-X2-His metal-binding motif that is distinct from the zinc finger motif found in some DNA-binding proteins. Instead, the synthe-tase's metal binding domain resembles the Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys metal-binding domain of the gag gene product of retroviruses. For Ala-tRNA synthetase, the metal bound at the Cys His motif is important specifically for the tRNA-dependent step of catalysis, and the enzyme-tRNA interaction is dependent on the geometry of metal co-ordiNatlon to the enzyme. These data, and the demonstrated sensitivity of RNA packaging to mutations in the metal-binding domain of the gag gene product of retroviruses, suggest that an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and retroviruses have adopted a related metal-binding motif for RNA recognition.
The Lost Cause: Myth as Educational Metaphor in the New South

Rather than the materialistic notion of linear progress that held the imagination of the nineteenth-century industrialized North, antebellum Southern academics and intellectuals placed their faith in a cyclical notion of progress shared by the planter aristocracy. The antebellum South focused less on the material progress of society as a whole than on the yeoman farmer's ascent to the status of a country gentleman of leisure, with enslaved labor to provide his every need.1 Corrupted by slavery, antebellum intellectuals failed to see the benefit of a utilitarian curriculum to further industry and the applied sciences and resisted the notion of both economic and moral progress. Slavery tainted the southern notion of both progress and manual labor; progress was seen as a threat to the peculiar institution, while labor defined the denigrating activity of the enslaved. Quite distinct from the free labor ideology evolving in the North, the Southern intellectual's cyclic notion of progress viewed servitude as natural to the human condition and civilization. "To secure true progress," argued George Fitzhugh, "we must unfetter genius, and chain down mediocrity. Liberty for the fewSlavery, in every form, for the mass!"2 The power of myth and metaphor is of universal consequence.3 For the postwar generations of the New South, the myth of the Lost Cause
Selection of Image Parameters as the First Step towards Creating a CBIR System for the Solar Dynamics Observatory

This work describes the attribute evaluation sections of the ambitious goal of creating a large-scale content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system for solar phenomena in NASA images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory mission. This mission, with its Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), is generating eight 4096 pixels x 4096 pixels images every 10 seconds, leading to a data transmission rate of approximately 700 Gigabytes per day from only the AIA component (the entire mission is expected to be sending about 1.5 Terabytes of data per day, for a minimum of 5 years). We investigate unsupervised and supervised methods of selecting image parameters and their importance from the perspective of distinguishing between different types of solar phenomena by using correlation analysis, and three supervised attribute evaluation methods. By selecting the most relevant image parameters (out of the twelve tested) we expect to be able to save 540 Megabytes per day of storage costs for each parameter that we remove. In addition, we also applied several image filtering algorithms on these images in order to investigate the enhancement of our classification results. We confirm our experimental results by running multiple classifiers for comparative analysis on the selected image parameters and filters.
Determination of sperm concentration using flow cytometry with simultaneous analysis of sperm plasma membrane integrity in zebrafish Danio rerio.

Control of sperm concentration is required to ensure consistent and reproducible results for cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization protocols. Determination of sperm concentration is traditionally performed with a counting chamber (e.g., hemocytometer), or more recently with a spectrophotometer. For small-sized biomedical model fishes, the availability of sperm sample is limited to microliters, so it is desirable to develop fast and accurate approaches for concentration determination that also minimize sample use. In this study, a new approach was developed for sperm concentration determination using a flow cytometer (Accuri C6, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) with simultaneous measurement of sperm membrane integrity after fluorescent staining with SYBR(®) -14 and propidium iodide (PI) in sperm from Zebrafish Danio rerio. The goal was to develop a protocol for simultaneous determination of sperm quality and quantity by flow cytometry. The objectives were to (1) determine the effects of sample volume (250 and 500 µl) and analysis volume (10 and 50 µl) on the accuracy of particle counting using standard volumetric validation beads; (2) identify the effective range of sperm concentrations that flow cytometry can measure; (3) test the precision and reproducibility of the sperm concentration measurements; and (4) verify the flow cytometry approach by comparison with measurement with a hemocytometer and a microspectrophotometer. Sample volumes of 250 and 500 µl and analysis volumes of 10 and 50 µl did not affect bead count with the factory-set flow rates of "medium" or "fast," and the precision and accuracy was retained across a concentration range of 1 × 10(3) -1 × 10(7) cells/ml. The approach developed in this study was comparable to traditional methodologies such as hemocytometer or microspectrophotometer. This study provides an efficient, accurate, and rapid method for determination of sperm concentration using flow cytometry while providing simultaneous assessment of sperm membrane integrity. Such approaches can reduce the time needed for quantity assessment and maximize the use of valuable sperm samples. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Resistance to Some Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in the Boll worm, Heliothis zea

A four-year study of the toxicological response of bollworm larvae, Heliothis zea (Boddie), to DDT and endrin indicates that high levels of resistance to these chemicals have now developed in some areas of Louisiana. However, there were no indications of resistance to a toxaphene-DDT mixture.
Evidence for the stochastic aspect of prompt γ emission in spontaneous fission

The prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy and multiplicity distributions in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}$Cf have been measured using a highly segmented 4$\ensuremath{\pi}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray calorimeter. Corrections were made for both distributions according to the detector response, which is simulated numerically using a model validated with the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray calibration sources. A comparison of the total $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy distribution was made between the measurement and a simulation performed by random sampling of the corrected $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy and multiplicity distributions and then transporting those $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays through the response of the detector array. The agreement between the measurement and simulation for the mean energy and width is markedly improved at higher multiplicities compared to the lower ones, illustrating the diminishing correlation between the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray and multiplicity energy and the stochastic aspect of the prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission in spontaneous fission at higher multiplicities.
Effect of carbon black modification by castor oil acid on the properties of filled NR compound

The carbon black was modified by castor oil acid,and the influence of modified carbon black on the properties of NR compound was investigated.The results showed that,compared to those of normal carbon black,the interaction between modified carbon black and rubber was reduced,the mass fraction of bound rubber was decreased,the number of flexible contact point and tensile strength were increased,the particle aggregation of carbon black was weakened and the dispersion of modified carbon black in NR compound was improved.
Identification of Imported Ceramics Through Functional Analysis of Attributes

ABSTRACTThe use of technical ceramic analysis is not always feasible for the archaeologist seeking information concerning the locale of ceramic production. An alternative method for differentiating imported from locally produced ceramics, utilizing stylistic and functional attributes, is suggested. This method is operationalized in a functional analysis of three ceramic types from the Grasshopper Pueblo. The results of this analysis provide some cautionary implications for the archaeologist interpreting behavioral interactions by means of ceramic data.
Reconciling the Virtues of Humanity and Respect for the Rule of Law: Irregular Immigration from the Perspective of Humean Virtue Ethics

Using a virtue ethics framework derived from David Hume, I focus on the perspective of a citizen or legal resident of a state receiving irregular (undocumented, “illegal”) immigrants, rather than focusing on questions concerning the rights of immigrants or what justice requires of states. What view should a virtuous citizen take of the many issues concerning irregular immigration into her country? This question involves both the virtues of the citizen or legal resident herself and her view of the virtues and vices of the immigrants. I argue that there are tensions within such a virtues approach, that understanding these tensions allows us to grasp the contrasting attitudes concerning immigration, and that on balance a virtuous person will respond to the plight of irregular migrants with sympathetic concern tempered by recognition of the need for order. I conclude with a plea for another Humean virtue, moderation.
Multi-channel probes to understand fission dynamics

Explaining the origin of the elements is a major outstanding question in nuclear astrophysics. Observed elemental abundance distribution shows strong nuclear physics effects. In conclusion, neutron-induced reactions are important for nuclear astrophysics and applied fields in nuclear energy and security. LANSCE has a program to address many of these questions directly with neutron beams on (near-)stable nuclei. Increasing demand for correlated data to test details of fission models poses additional challenges. Possibilities exist to extend existing experimental efforts to radioactive beam facilities. Kinematic focusing from using inverse kinematics has potential to circumvent some challenges associated with measuring correlations between fission output channels.
High Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Is Associated with Improved Survival in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract Background In acute respiratory distress syndrome, minimizing lung injury from repeated collapse and reopening of alveoli by applying a high positive end-expiratory pressure improves oxygenation without influencing mortality. Obesity causes alveolar atelectasis, thus suggesting that a higher positive end-expiratory pressure might be more protective among the obese. We hypothesized that the effect of applying a high positive end-expiratory pressure on mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome would differ by obesity status. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 505 patients from the Assessment of Low tidal Volume and elevated End-expiratory volume to Obviate Lung Injury Trial, a multicenter randomized trial that compared a higher vs a lower positive end-expiratory pressure ventilatory strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We examined the relationship between positive end-expiratory pressure strategy and 60-day mortality stratified by obesity status. Results Among obese patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, those assigned to a high positive end-expiratory pressure strategy experienced lower mortality compared with those assigned to a low strategy (18% vs 32%; P = .04). Among the nonobese, those assigned to high positive end-expiratory pressure strategy experienced similar mortality with those assigned to low strategy (34% vs 23%; P = .13). Multivariate analysis demonstrated an interaction between obesity status and the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure strategy on mortality ( P Conclusions Ventilation with higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure was associated with improved survival among the subgroup of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who are obese.
Induction of Autophagy by Polyphenolic Compounds in Cancer: A Novel Strategy to induce cell death and to Treat Cancer

Apoptosis (type I) and autophagy-associated cell death (type II) are both highly regulated forms of programmed cell death and play crucial roles in physiological processes such as the development, homeostasis and selective elimination of cells. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal pathway for degrading cytoplasmic proteins, macromolecules, and organelles and functions as a survival pathway in response to nutrient and growth factor deprivation. If the process is induced excessively, autophagy leads to cell death. In contrast to apoptosis, cell death occurring with autophagy is caspase-independent and does not involve classic DNA laddering. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer cells that are resistant to apoptosis can be killed by death associated with autophagy, providing an alternative cell death pathway to eliminate cancer cells. We and others found that natural polyphenolic compounds, such as rottlerin, resveratrol, curcumin, genistein, and quercetin can induce cell death associated with autophagy in a variety of cancer cells, including pancreatic, breast, glioma, colon, ovarian cancers and acute myeloid leukemia. More importantly, these compounds can enhance the effects of chemotherapy and reduce the required dose to induce cell death in cancer cells. In this chapter we will discuss the polyphenolic compounds and the mechanism by which they induce cell death occurring with autophagy in cancer cells and their potential as a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Stereotactic radiosurgery delivery verification using tetrazolium salt-based gel as a dosimeter

The recently made available ClearView® tetrazolium salt-based gel dosimeter, encapsulated in a vial, was tested to determine feasibility in use as an end-to-end dosimeter for stereotactic radiosurg...
Informing decisions in agent-based models A mobile update

A range of tools exists for collecting data to inform decision processes in agent-based models (ABMs), each appropriate to modeling processes at particular scales and each with particular strengths and limitations. The issue of which tools are appropriate to which goals has been discussed in the literature at several points over the last decade, but has not been updated to reflect the way in which the cost of stakeholder engagement will shift in the near future as smartphones and mobile technologies penetrate rural areas across the world along the same path as mobile phones before them. I present the challenge of validating ABMs as closing a series of gaps that characterize the separation between a real-world decision and its modeled counterpart, and illustrate the potential for mobile phones and other information and communication technologies (ICTs) to transform the modes with which ABMs are empirically informed. I use a series of gaps to attribute the difference between real and modeled decisions.This approach helps identify contributions that mobile and smartphones can make to agent-based modeling.Empirical toolkit for ABMs should be draw more upon mobile ICTs.
Are women anglers of childbearing age in the Great Lakes region following fish consumption guidelines

States in the Great Lakes region of the United States issue fish consumption guidelines for women of childbearing age (WCBA) to help them minimize the health risks to themselves and their potential offspring from eating fish contaminated with chemicals. We used diary methods to study 1395 WCBA who purchased fishing licenses in the Great Lakes coastal region to determine if they were aware of the guidelines and following them. We found that two-thirds of WCBA reported at least minimal awareness of the fish consumption guidelines, and those that reported awareness were more likely to hold beliefs consistent with the messages emphasized in the guidelines. WCBA reported eating less than one meal/week of fish with most of this fish purchased at a store or restaurant. On average, they consumed just 2.4 sport-caught fish meals over the 16-week study period. The average portion size for sport-caught fish meals eaten by WCBA was similar to that assumed by states when determining the guidelines. However, one-quarter of WCBA in the overall sample exceeded the guidelines, with rates as high as 41% exceeding the guidelines in Michigan and Minnesota. Additional outreach efforts may be needed to increase compliance with fish consumption guidelines, particularly among subpopulations that exceed the guidelines more frequently.
Who Loses under Cap-and-Trade Programs? The Labor Market Effects of the NOx Budget Trading Program

This paper tests how a major cap-and-trade program, known as the NOx budget trading program (NBP), affected labor markets in the manufacturing sector. The cap-and-trade program dramatically decreased levels of NOx emissions and added substantial costs to regulated firms. Using a triple-differences approach, I examine how labor markets adjusted in manufacturing industries that were exposed to the program. I find that overall employment in the manufacturing sector dropped by 1.3%, with energy-intensive industries losing up to 4.8%. Employment declines are shown to have occurred primarily through decreased hiring rates rather than increased separation rates, thus mitigating the impact on incumbent workers. Young workers experienced the largest employment declines, and earnings of newly hired workers fell after the regulation began.
Cord-Roughened Pottery in North Central North America

Basic data are offered on 2 pottery bearing localities in the Souris Basin, North Dakota. Additional data from adjacent areas are introduced to support the assertion that there was a relatively hea...
Multivariable MRAC for a quadrotor UAV with a non-diagonal interactor matrix

An adaptive control design is presented in this paper for quadrotor systems working at non-equilibrium operating conditions under parameter uncertainties. The motivation of the work is to handle the situation that existing control schemes are either restricted to the system equilibrium as the hover condition or unable to deal with the system uncertainties. The key information for the design of a model reference adaptive controller is investigated at a non-equilibrium operating condition, which are the interactor matrix and the signs of the leading principal minors of associated high-frequency gain matrix. An adaptive controller is constructed to ensures the signal boundedness of the closed-loop system and asymptotic output tracking. The proposed scheme expands the capacity of adaptive control for quadrotors to fly with high speed in the presence of system uncertainties.
Prediction of Precipitation Strengthening in the Commercial Mg Alloy AZ91 Using Dislocation Dynamics

Dislocation dynamics simulations were used to predict the strengthening of a commercial magnesium alloy, AZ91, due to β-Mg17Al12 formed in the continuous precipitation mode. The precipitate distributions used in simulations were determined based on experimental characterization of the sizes, shapes, and number densities of the precipitates for 10-hour aging and 50-hour aging. For dislocations gliding on the basal plane, which is expected to be the dominant contributor to plastic deformation at room temperature, the critical resolved shear stress to bypass the precipitate distribution was 3.5 MPa for the 10-hour aged sample and 16.0 MPa for the 50-hour aged sample. The simulation results were compared to an analytical model of strengthening in this alloy, and the analytical model was found to predict critical resolved shear stresses that were approximately 30 pct lower. A model for the total yield strength was developed and compared with experiment for the 50-hour aged sample. The predicted yield strength, which included the precipitate strengthening contribution from the DD simulations, was 132.0 MPa, in good agreement with the measured yield strength of 141 MPa.
An Upper-Bound on the Required Size of a Neural Network Classifier

There is growing interest in understanding the impact of architectural parameters such as depth, width, and the type of activation function on the performance of a neural network. We provide an upper-bound on the number of free parameters a ReLU-type neural network needs to exactly fit the training data. Whether a net of this size generalizes to test data will be governed by the fidelity of the training data and the applicability of the principle of Occam's Razor. We introduce the concept of s-separability and show that for the special case of (c-1)-separable training data with $c$ classes, a neural network with (d + 2c) parameters can achieve 100% training classification accuracy, where $d$ is the dimension of data. It is also shown that if the number of free parameters is at least (d+ 2p), where $p$ is the size of the training set, the neural network can memorize each training example. Finally, a framework is introduced for finding a neural network achieving a given training error, subject to an upper-bound on layer width.
Current WADD Weightless Research

Let us first examine the scope of the ARDC zero g research program. As of May 1960, about 140 research programs in weightlessness were being conducted by ARDC (WADD), while 19 outside programs were being sponsored. The goals of the ARDC program for 1958–1965 are as follows: (a) Determination of problem areas (b) Cooperation with industry on these problem areas (c) Determination of adequacy of various facilities available for use for zero g simulation (d) Validation of simulator research in aircraft (e) Instrumentation for orbital flight (f) Development of recording techniques (g) Integration of results
Keep Out, or Else: Diary as Body in The Diary of a Teenage Girl and Cruddy

This chapter asserts that there exists a shared mode of embodiment between diary and comics life writing. Whereas comics provide access to the embodied act of their creation through the line, the serial entries of the diary afford a window into their writer’s daily allowance of marks. In The Diary of a Teenage Girl by Phoebe Gloeckner (2002, 2015) and Lynda Barry’s Cruddy (1999), the diary becomes a surrogate body for each protagonist that stands between the reader and authors both fictional and real. Considering the diaristic conventions of the “keep out or else” notices included in each text, as well as the fantasies of self-harm each protagonist engages, this chapter excavates the possibilities and boundaries of such a performative, textual surrogacy.
How complexity impacts salesperson counterproductive behavior: The mediating role of moral disengagement

Abstract We explore the mediating role of moral disengagement in counterproductive behavior by professional sellers. Moral disengagement is a cognitive state in which moral standards are deactivated from one's actions. We theorize that the effect of job-related complexity on salesperson counterproductive behavior is better explained when this relationship is mediated by salesperson moral disengagement. Our empirical findings support the explanation that complexity influences salesperson's moral disengagement. In turn, this influences counterproductive salesperson behavior. Ethical role modeling is found to play a strong mitigating role. Overall, our results indicate how counterproductive salesperson behavior develops, why salespeople engage in such behavior, and how sales managers can project themselves as ethical mentors to lessen unfavorable behaviors by salespeople.
The WNT10B network is associated with survival and metastases in chemoresistant triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) commonly develops resistance to chemotherapy, yet markers predictive of chemoresistance in this disease are lacking. Here, we define WNT10B-dependent biomarkers for β-CATENIN/HMGA2/EZH2 signaling predictive of reduced relapse-free survival. Concordant expression of HMGA2 and EZH2 proteins is observed in MMTV-Wnt10bLacZ transgenic mice during metastasis, and Hmga2 haploinsufficiency decreased EZH2 protein expression, repressing lung metastasis. A novel autoregulatory loop interdependent on HMGA2 and EZH2 expression is essential for β-CATENIN/TCF-4/LEF-1 transcription. Mechanistically, both HMGA2 and EZH2 displaced Groucho/TLE1 from TCF-4 and served as gatekeepers for K49 acetylation on β-CATENIN, which is essential for transcription. In addition, we discovered that HMGA2-EZH2 interacts with the PRC2 complex. Absence of HMGA2 or EZH2 expression or chemical inhibition of Wnt signaling in a chemoresistant patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of TNBC abolished visceral metastasis, repressing AXIN2, MYC, EZH2, and HMGA2 expression in vivo. Combinatorial therapy of a WNT inhibitor with doxorubicin synergistically activated apoptosis in vitro, resensitized PDX-derived cells to doxorubicin, and repressed lung metastasis in vivo. We propose that targeting the WNT10B biomarker network will provide improved outcomes for TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings reveal targeting the WNT signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy in triple-negative breast cancer.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/5/982/F1.large.jpg.