cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association between clinically meaningful behavior problems and overweight in children.

Objective. To determine whether there is a relationship between clinically meaningful behavior problems and concurrent and future overweight in 8- to 11-year-old children. Methods. 1998 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth interview data for 8- to 11-year-old children and their mothers were analyzed. A Behavior Problems Index score >90th percentile was considered clinically meaningful. Child overweight was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile for age and sex. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders (selected a priori): child’s sex, race, use of behavior-modifying medication, history of academic retention, and hours of television per day; maternal obesity, smoking status, marital status, education, and depressive symptoms; family poverty status; and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment-Short Form (HOME-SF) cognitive stimulation score. In an attempt to elucidate temporal sequence, a second analysis was conducted with a subsample of normal-weight children who became overweight between 1996 and 1998 while controlling for BMI z score in 1996. Results. The sample included 755 mother-child pairs. Of the potential confounding variables, race, maternal obesity, academic grade retention, maternal education, poverty status, and HOME-SF cognitive stimulation score acted as joint confounders, altering the relationship between behavior problems and overweight in the multiple logistic regression model. With these covariates in the final model, behavior problems were independently associated with concurrent child overweight (adjusted odds ratio: 2.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.34–6.49). The relationship was strengthened in the subsample of previously normal-weight children, with race, maternal obesity, HOME-SF cognitive stimulation score, and 1996 BMI z score acting as confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 5.23; 95% confidence interval: 1.37–19.9). Conclusions. Clinically meaningful behavior problems in 8- to 11-year-old children were independently associated with an increased risk of concurrent overweight and becoming overweight in previously normal-weight children.
Temporal progression of evoked field potentials in neocortical slices after unilateral hypoxia–ischemia in perinatal rats: Correlation with cortical epileptogenesis

Infarcts of the neonatal cerebral cortex can lead to progressive epilepsy, which is characterized by time-dependent increases in seizure frequency after the infarct and by shifts in seizure-onset zones from focal to multi-focal. Using a rat model of unilateral perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (PHI), where long-term seizure monitoring had previously demonstrated progressive epilepsy, evoked field potentials (EFPs) were recorded in layers II/III of coronal neocortical slices to analyze the underlying time-dependent, network-level alterations ipsilateral vs. contralateral to the infarct. At 3weeks after PHI, EFPs ipsilateral to the infarct were normal in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF); however, after blocking GABAA receptors with bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 30μM), the slices with an infarct were more hyperexcitable than slices without an infarct. At 3weeks, contralateral PHI slices had responses indistinguishable from controls. Six months after PHI in normal ACSF, both ipsi- and contralateral slices from rats with cortical infarcts showed prolonged afterdischarges, which were only slightly augmented in BMI. These data suggest that the early changes after PHI are localized to the ipsilateral infarcted cortex and masked by GABA-mediated inhibition; however, after 6months, progressive epileptogenesis results in generation of robust bilateral hyperexcitability. Because these afterdischarges were only slightly prolonged by BMI, a time-dependent reduction of GABAergic transmission is hypothesized to contribute to the pronounced hyperexcitability at 6months. These changes in the EFPs coincide with the seizure semiology of the epilepsy and therefore offer an opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying this form of progressive pediatric epilepsy.
Parental Involvement in Minor Abortions; Making the Ultimate Choice

Girls in the United States deserve the right to access the full range of reproductive and sexual health services they need including abortion care Texas is one of the states that have adopted parental involvement in minor abortion policy Although this law was implemented to protect minors and help foster better decisions in regards to abortions it has caused more harm than good Numerous international studies have shown that abortion related death rates are indirectly correlated with the legality of abortions In countries where this practice is licit and accessible patients often benefit from the skills of professional medical practitioners Although this Public health law was implemented to reduce morbidity and premature mortality parental involvement in minor abortion greatly undermines it
A Review of the Electrical Properties and Microstructure of Vanadium Phosphate Glasses

Studies of the electrical properties of glasses in the VO2-V2O5-P2O5 system are reviewed. Electron microstructural studies on glasses throughout the system revealed glass-glass immiscibility over a wide area. Correlation of the electrical properties and the corresponding micro structures indicates that the previously observed conductivity maxima in this system is a consequence of the microstructure as well as the electronic behavior of this system. There is evidence for the existence of a second conductivity maxima near the V4+=V5+ composition although glasses in this composition range are difficult to prepare. Of these two maxima one is the result of microstructural segregation while the second is a consequence of the hopping conduction mechanism. It is thus concluded that the anomalous behavior of this system is in fact not anomalous in an electronic sense, but is a consequence of microstructural features of the system.
Encouraging Social Impact Through Private and Public Sector Leadership

The social impact space is changing and growing rapidly. There is an increasing demand from global consumers for products and services provided by companies committed to positive social and environmental impact. In response, there are a growing number of companies seeking to meet this demand, as well as an increased investment interest in these spaces. For example, JP Morgan reported that last year, 146 of the world’s largest impact investors reported $10.6 billion in commitments to impact investments, with plans to commit 16% more in 2015.
Triggers in the pathway from lung cell damage to malignancy: The glycans.

e22189 Background: It has been reported that carbon nanoparticles (CN) produce mesothelioma as readily as do asbestos fibers. We have studied early CN damage in experimental animals, quantifying to...
Pulsed laser deposition of CdSe Quantum dots on Zn2SnO4 nanowires and their photovoltaic applications.

In this work we report a physical deposition-based, one-step quantum dot (QD) synthesis and assembly on ternary metal oxide nanowires for photovoltaic applications. Typical solution-based synthesis of colloidal QDs for QD sensitized solar cells involves nontrivial ligand exchange processing and toxic wet chemicals, and the effect of the ligands on carrier transport has not been fully understood. In this research using pulsed laser deposition, CdSe QDs were coated on Zn2SnO4 nanowires without ligand molecules, and the coverage could be controlled by adjusting the laser fluence. Growth of QDs in dense nanowire network structures was also achieved, and photovoltaic cells fabricated using this method exhibited promising device performance. This approach could be further applied for the assembly of QDs where ligand exchange is difficult and could possibly lead to reduced fabrication cost and improved device performance.
Thrombus Aspiration in STEMI

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In the USA, the development of an organized STEMI network has allowed STEMI patients greater access to primary PCI. The most important goal in the management of STEMI is timely reperfusion and establishment of normal coronary flow. However, periprocedural thrombus embolization, which can obstruct the distal microvasculature and impair tissue perfusion, is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Over the last years, aspiration thrombectomy has emerged as a novel technique to prevent distal coronary thromboembolism during primary PCI. The initial excitement after the publication of the TAPAS trial changed the practice paradigm among interventional community worldwide. Aspiration thrombectomy was recommended by several society guidelines and became the "standard of care" during primary PCI. However, recent data and publication of two large randomized controlled trials questioned the effectiveness (TASTE trial) and the safety (TOTAL trial) of this technique. Therefore, the recent ACC/AHA/SCAI-focused update document recommended against the routine use of manual thrombectomy during primary PCI. This review will summarize recent data and trials regarding thrombus aspiration in STEMI.
Policies with Varying Costs and Benefits: A Land Conservation Classroom Game.

ABSTRACTSome policies try to maximize net benefits by targeting different individuals to participate. This is difficult when costs and benefits of participation vary independently, such as in land conservation. The authors share a classroom game that explores cases in which minimizing costs may not maximize benefits and vice versa. The game is a contextually rich pedagogical tool, putting students in the role of landowners who must decide whether to conserve land in different policy environments: flat conservation payments, agglomeration bonuses, and a conservation auction. Students learn about specific issues in land conservation, ecosystem services, preferences for nonmoney outcomes, and general issues in policymaking. The game is suited to classes in environmental, resource, agricultural, and policy economics, and more general classes in microeconomics and public policy.
Computational illumination for real-time gigapixel phase microscopy(Conference Presentation)

This talk will describe new source coding methods for rapid acquisition of high-resolution phase images across a very large field of view, using a modified commercial microscope with LED array illumination. Our methods are inspired by a hybrid combination of Fourier Ptychography and differential phase contrast imaging, combined with source multiplexing strategies for fast capture and significantly reduced data requirements. Such computational approaches to optical microscopy add significant new capabilities to commercial microscopes without much cost or hardware modification. We demonstrate our system on live samples in vivo, validating our results for unstained, label-free samples against other popular phase retrieval methods.
A strategy to develop effective ALS therapy

In the early 1990s, a number of major events took place in the history of the treatment and science of ALS. A cause of familial ALS, the mutation of superoxide dismutase 1, was discovered and very shortly after, an animal model expressing the human SOD1 mutation for familial ALS was generated. Around the same time, the first medication for the treatment of ALS, riluzole, was approved. Clinical neurologists started to focus more attention on quality of life and standardizing care for patients with ALS, including devising approaches for presenting and discussing the diagnosis, using aggressive symptomatic treatments, and developing a multidisciplinary care system. Since then, nutritional and respiratory care has markedly improved. Respiratory care for those with terminal ALS in Japan has been distinct and perhaps more effective compared to the rest of the world, and this unique experience must be broadly published and shared with others. In 1999, the ALS Treatment Guidelines were published by the American Academy of Neurology and are now under revision. A monitoring system to determine the impact the Guidelines had on actual patient care has taught us that caregivers have only slowly accepted the recommendation to improve quality of care. The team approach, using a multidisciplinary care system from diagnosis to the end of life, is essential to improve care for both the patient and family. Coinciding with the progress in ALS treatment, basic science and translational research also produced dramatic progress in ALS drug discovery. Over the past 15 years, more than 25 potential drugs have been tested in randomized controlled trials. Despite this progress, we have no medications other than riluzole. Although it may be true that ALS research is in its early stages compared to research in other diseases with no cure--it is probably behind cancer research by at least 20 or 30 years--we need to drastically change our approach to drug development. At a national level, we need to create a strong, cohesive team with support from a number of funding agencies, oversight from a regulatory agency, and investigators who all think "outside the box." In addition, we should obtain ideas and suggestions from accomplished experts outside of the field of ALS and put competition aside as we work together to develop strategic plans for the ALS drug development that is essential to beat this devastating disease.
Infrared Spectral Reflectance Independent of Emitted Flux at Controlled Temperatures

This research program consisted of the development of techniques and instrumentation for obtaining infrared spectral reflectance measurements independent of emitted flux at controlled temperatures for spectral range 4000 to 450 wavenumbers (2.5 to 22.2 microns) at temperatures ranging from −175°C (liquid Nitrogen temperatures) to approximately +1000°C. Supported by ARPA, a Cary-White infrared spectrophotometer was used equipped with a special designed (White, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, 1332, 196k) hemispherical reflectance attachment with temperature controls of heated substrates, water cooled sample holder, nichrome source input power control, heated sample holder, and specially designed liquid nitrogen cell holder. Measurements were made of frosts of H2O and CO2 (Keegan and Weidner, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 523, 1966) N2O4, NH3, combinations of them, and dry ice; natural and man-made objects; highly absorbing materials used for black-body cavities; highly reflecting metals; the effect of temperature on painted surfaces, and time of exposure; and the effect of temperature on some rare-earth oxides. From spectral reflectance data independent of emitted flux at controlled temperatures, emissivity data can be obtained indirectly on opaque materials from the relationship: emissivity is equal to one minus the reflectance. This is particularly useful in obtaining emissivity data for samples at temperatures below 200°C where direct measurements of emissivity are not easily obtained on ablative materials such as polytetrafluoroethelyene.
Combined nitrogen limitation and hydrogen peroxide treatment enhances neutral lipid accumulation in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Abstract Exogenous application of dilute hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increases neutral lipid production in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Exposing early stationary phase cultures of P. tricornutum to 0.25–2 mM H2O2 increases the amount of neutral lipids per biomass (mg/mg) by >100% at 24 h post H2O2 treatment as determined upon lipid extraction and analysis using a neutral lipid assay. H2O2 treatment increased the total levels of neutral lipids harvested up to 50%, from 64 mg/L to 96 mg/L, demonstrating its possible effectiveness as a pre-harvest strategy to enhance the biofuel feedstock potential of P. tricornutum. The effects of H2O2 on biomass are concentration dependent; increasing concentrations of H2O2 reduce the levels of isolated biomass. Analysis of combined stressors demonstrates that H2O2 treatment exhibits synergistic effects to enhance neutral lipid production under nitrogen-depleted, but not phosphorus-depleted conditions, suggesting that the effects of hydrogen peroxide on lipid production are influenced by environmental nitrogen levels.
Applying the Tools to Multivariate Data

This chapter discusses the application of tools to multivariate data. Techniques can be distinguished by the nature of the transformation(s) used to affect the matching and the characteristics of the transformed numbers. The typical multiple regression model considers each variable as intervally scaled. If matrix inversion and rank are the hallmarks of single-criterion, multiple-predictor association, then eigenstructures are the key concepts in dimension-reducing methods such as factor analysis. Eigenstructures are also essential in multiple-criterion, multiple-predictor association. Component loadings are product-moment correlations of each original variable with each set of component scores. Factor analysis—either principal components or other type of factoring procedure—represents only one class of methods for effecting dimensional reduction of one's data. Multivariate techniques can differ according to the nature of the allowable transformations and the properties that the transformed matrices exhibit in the matching process.
A communication benchmark tailored to intel broadwell nodes and tuned to the DEAC cluster

Various benchmarks exist for assessing performance characteristics of commodity hardware utilized in high performance computing (HPC) cluster environments. An additional assessment of bandwidth for Intel's 44-core processors considers network saturation via message passing focused on indirectly connected cores. The benchmark developed in this work provides a means of measuring bandwidth of two Broadwell nodes when communicating inter-chassis with all cores of each node utilized. This benchmark was developed in three phases using Message Passing Interface (MPI). First, the bandwidth measure was tested for MPI_Send operations in point-to-point communication. Second, the merge sort algorithm was implemented as a means of assessing bandwidth and a tree-structured communication algorithm was developed and implemented to maximize internode communication and minimize intra-node communication. Third, the benchmark was tuned to the configuration of the Distributed Environment for Academic Computing (DEAC) Cluster. A second benchmark removing local computation from the merge sort algorithm effectively performs a gather operation in a tree-structure. These benchmarks were tested and compared with relevant Intel MPI Benchmarks (IMB) tests. In the developed benchmarks, the nodes requested significantly more bandwidth than in the existing MPI_Gather operation and IMB benchmarks due to the large size of the messages simultaneously placed on the network.
A Note on Some Past and Present Advances in Neuroscience: A Personal Perspective

I met Luigi Ricciardi in 1972 when I spent part of my sabbatical at the Instituto di Cibernetica in Arco Felice, directed by Eduardo Caianiello, the most prominent Italian cyberneticist of his generation. Luigi was a member of the Institute and we had many talks about stochastic processes underlying neuron firing. Later we exchanged visits in Italy and in Buffalo, where Luigi gave us a seminar at the Center for Theoretical Biology "On the First Passage Time Problem in a Model Neuron". We came from somewhat different backgrounds but we were both interested in quantitative neuroscience. Luigi was more mathematically inclined while my interests turned increasingly towards biology. But Luigi had wide interests as witnessed by his numerous publications and his leadership in organizing conferences and workshops in a variety of fields on quantitative medicine and biology, including the meetings of Eurocast.
Role of B Lymphocytes and Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

One of the major advances in immunology was the identification of two subtypes of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells. Although morphologically similar, T and B cells were found to be different in development, distribution, and function. “Thymus-dependent” lymphocytes, or T cells, undergo critical developmental stages in the thymus. After release from the thymus, mature T cells recirculate in large numbers through the blood, lymph, and tissues because their effector function requires contact with the target cell. In contrast, development of B cells is not dependent on the thymus. Instead, B cells derive their name from the bursa of Fabricius, a primary lymphoid organ that is unique to birds. Removal of the bursa in early development was found to eliminate production of antibodies. Antibodies have the unique properties of being antigen-specific, circulating proteins with long half lives. As a result, B cells are long-range effector cells.
Precipitation Echoes and Clouds

The size, shape and character of radar echoes caused by precipitation as viewed on PPI scopes are related to the clouds in which the precipitation develops. Photographs of PPI scopes showing precip...
Phylogenetic patterns in learning and decision making in pit vipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae)

Learning is a key behavioural adaptation allowing animals to respond to complex and changing environments. Although the field of animal behaviour has seen an increase in the taxonomic breadth of learning studies in recent decades, investigations within an explicit, broad phylogenetic framework are rare, curtailing our understanding of the evolution of learning and advanced cognition. Pit vipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) represent a particularly interesting taxon in which to study patterns in learning as they are widely studied, have had learning documented in many species, occupy a range of ecological niches and possess vast and varied natural history traits. We investigated the latency to decision in a laboratory thermal maze in 13 species of pit viper (7 species of rattlesnakes and 6 species of nonrattlesnake pit viper) and one true viper species (the puff adder, Bitis arietans (Viperidae: Viperinae), as an outgroup comparison). Relative to the other pit vipers, rattlesnakes uniformly and quickly (after only one trial) decreased their latency to respond to thermal stress; their latency remained low and uniform across the remaining 11 trials. All other pit viper species failed to modify their behaviour across trials and maintained a consistent latency across all 12 trials, as did the puff adder. This pattern could reflect differential learning abilities between rattlesnake and nonrattlesnake pit vipers. Our results underscore the advantages of incorporating a broad phylogenetic perspective when investigating learning and comparative cognition.
[Pharmacological profile and clinical findings of palbociclib (IBRANCE® capsule 25 mg/125 mg)].

Palbociclib is the world's first cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitor. It's believed that palbociclib stops the cell cycle progression by inhibiting the activity of the complex consisting of CDK 4/6 and cyclin D, and suppresses tumor growth. In preclinical study using nonclinical model, it was confirmed that most of the cell lines sensitive to palbociclib are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. In addition, it was suggested that the expression of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is needed for palbociclib to show its antitumor effect. By the preclinical studies using ER positive human breast cancer cell lines in combination administration of palbociclib and anti-estrogen drugs, it was confirmed that the antitumor effect was enhanced as compared with single agent administration of each drug. Based on these findings, the clinical studies in which hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer were conducted in combination with endocrine therapy. The PALOMA-2 study showed that progression-free survival (PFS) was longer with palbociclib plus letrozole than with placebo plus letrozole in the initial treatment of postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. In the PALOMA-3 study, the combination of palbociclib and fulvestrant was associated with significant improvements in PFS compared with fulvestrant plus placebo in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The rate of dose reduction or interruption of dosing by adverse events is higher in palbociclib group compared with placebo group in both studies while the rate of discontinuation of treatment was comparable.
Race and Policy: 50 Years after the Fair Housing Act

On the 50th anniversary of the Fair Housing Act it is imperative to take a critical look at segregation and discrimination in the United States, and the opportunities and challenges associated with making progress on this pressing issue. In that spirit, we released a call for papers focusing on fair housing, which all went through peer-review and were recently published in Cityscape. While these papers add to our knowledge, they also highlight the need for continued debate about policies and programs around fair housing. As a result, we asked some of our nation’s leading scholars to opine on the Cityscape articles, and to offer their thoughts on this topic. This edited volume by Vincent Reina and Susan Wachter is a compilation of response papers to the Cityscape special issue, and serves as a way to continue the debate about how best to pursue the goals of equity, inclusion, and eliminating discrimination. This report begins with commentaries by both Elizabeth K. Julian and Justin Steil, who provide important reactions to the mandate to affirmatively further fair housing, which is well documented in the paper by Katherine O’Regan and Ken Zimmerman. Next, Kevin Chavers highlights the importance of and challenges associated with fair housing and homeownership, and Gary Painter offers insight into drivers of the racial disparities in homeownership rates, which are discussed in detail in a paper by Arthur Acolin, Desen Lin, and Susan Wachter. Olatunde Johnson then offers thoughts on deconcentrating areas of affluence, while Amy T. Khare and Mark L. Joseph take a critical look at the mindset and framework associated with this approach set forth by Edward G. Goetz, Anthony Damiano, and Rashad A. Williams. Finally, both Casey Dawkins and Lisa Alexander offer insight into how fair housing goals, and the Act itself, engage with existing federal housing policy programs and larger issues of neighborhood change, which serves as an important complement to the paper by Vincent Reina, Jake Wegman, and Erick Guerra. A copy of the Cityscape issue with the original papers can be found online. It is our hope that the responses in this report will garner further debate, and that collectively we can continue to make the case for the importance of fair housing and develop nuanced and impactful policies that ensure the Fair Housing Act meets its full intent.
Effect of institutional transcatheter aortic valve replacement volume on mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE We sought to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to examine the association between institutional transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) volume and all-cause mortality. BACKGROUND Since inception in 2011, there has been an exponential increase in the number of TAVR centers across the world. Multiple studies have questioned if a relationship exists between institutional TAVR volume and patient outcomes. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search for relevant articles using a combination of free text terms in the title/abstract related to volume, TAVR, and patient outcomes. Two reviewers independently screened all titles/abstracts for eligibility based on pre-specified criteria. All-cause mortality data was pooled from eligible studies and centers were categorized as low-(30-50 cases), intermediate-, or high-volume (75-130 cases) based on their annual TAVR volumes. RESULTS Our search yielded an initial list of 11,153 citations, 120 full text studies were reviewed and 7 studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielding a total of 1,93,498 TAVRs. Categorized according to center's annual volume; 25,062 TAVRs were performed in low-, 77,093 in intermediate- and 91,343 in high-volume centers. Network meta-analysis showed a relative reduction in mortality rates of 37%, 23% and 19%, for high volume versus low volume centers, high volume versus intermediate volume centers and intermediate versus low volume centers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Existing research clearly shows an inverse relationship between annual TAVR procedural volume and all-cause mortality. We need to focus on development of strong referral networks and consolidation rather than expansion of existing TAVR centers to improve patient outcomes, while ensuring adequate access-to-care.
Glenoid Radius of Curvature and Humeral Head Volume Are Associated With Postoperative Dislocation After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair.

Purpose To measure bony morphologic parameters and identify their association with arthroscopic Bankart repair failure. Methods This was a retrospective comparative study. The inclusion criteria were primary arthroscopic Bankart repair, no prior shoulder surgery, traumatic cause, and had a Bankart (soft tissue and bony) lesion evident on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The exclusion criteria were posterior labral pathology, multidirectional instability, connective tissue disorder, rotator cuff pathology, and those who underwent concomitant shoulder procedures. Patients who had a postoperative redislocation (unstable group) were compared with matched patients who did not (stable group). Data were obtained by chart review and from preoperative MRI. Comparisons were made using the Student t test, Fisher exact test, or χ2 test. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. Inter-rater reliability was measured between reviewers. Results A total of 45 patients experienced a postoperative dislocation and were matched to 90 patients without a postoperative dislocation. There were no differences in demographic and radiographic variables. The radius of curvature (ROC) of the glenoid was larger (shallower) in the unstable group (23.6 mm vs 22.6 mm, P = .05). The humeral head volume (HHV) trended higher in the unstable group (68.9 mL vs 62.9 mL, P = .06). The glenoid volume was not significantly different. A greater percentage of patients with a glenoid ROC of 24.5 mm or greater (62.1% vs 26.4%, P = .0003) and an HHV of 80 mm3 or greater (60.8% vs 28.9%, P = .003) experienced a redislocation compared with patients without these factors. Patients with a glenoid ROC of 24.5 mm or more and an HHV of 80 mm3 or more had greater than 4 times the odds of redislocation (odds ratio, 4.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-14.43; P = .0098). Strong inter-rater reliability was found for the HHV, glenoid volume, glenoid ROC, and humeral head ROC measurements (r = 0.94, r = 0.88, r = 0.89, and r = 0.95, respectively). Conclusions This study shows that large ROC (shallow) glenoids in conjunction with large humeral heads may predispose patients to failure after arthroscopic Bankart repair. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative trial.
Psychopathy and Occurrence of Gambling Problems: The Role of Gambling Protective Strategies and Urgency.

BackgroundPsychopathy has been an increasing area of clinical and personality research and is associated with numerous problematic outcomes, including pathological gambling, though this area of res...
Perceived risk of harm from monthly cannabis use among US adolescents: National Survey on drug Use and Health, 2017.

Abstract There has been a steady increase in cannabis use among US adolescents over the past decade. Perceptions of risk, specifically the belief that cannabis use is not harmful, may contribute to this increased use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate parental, school, and peer influence as protective factors in perceiving there is risk of harm from monthly cannabis use. Using the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), the study outcome was self-reported perceived risk of harm from monthly cannabis use amongst adolescents between ages 12 and 17. The exposures were parental monitoring and support, perception of school importance, extracurricular activity participation, peer attitudes towards cannabis use, and perception of peer cannabis use. Of 12,024 eligible adolescents, about 80% reported perceived risk of harm from monthly cannabis use. Multiple logistic regression models suggest the perception of risk of harm from monthly cannabis use was significantly associated with perception of peers using cannabis, perception of peers’ disapproval of cannabis use, perception of school importance, and participation in extracurricular activities. Adolescents who perceived that monthly cannabis use was risky had high parental monitoring, low perception of peer use, high perception of peers’ disapproval of cannabis use, high perception of school importance, and participated more in extracurricular activities. These findings suggest substance use prevention programs targeting adolescent attitudes and beliefs would benefit from leveraging peer influence, promoting extracurricular activities, and enhancing schoolwork to be more meaningful.
Ethical Challenges in Independent Living Donor Advocacy

The Independent Living Donor Advocate, who is required on the transplant team, advocates, promotes, and protects the interests of the donor. Previously described ethical challenges perceived by the...
Measure of Robustness Against Parameter Uncertainty

This chapter applies interval reachability analysis to the problem of evaluating the robustness of a system against the effects of uncertain parameters. Specifically, we consider the volume of an interval reachable set as a continuous performance measure to gauge the robustness of a system, which can be used to guide the design of a robust controller. The volume of the interval over-approximation measures the effect of the parameter uncertainty on system trajectories starting in a given initial set: a smaller volume implies a smaller effect, and therefore, greater robustness. We illustrate this approach to robustness analysis on a medical exoskeleton model which has 6 states and 12 uncertain parameters. The dynamics of this system are too complicated to derive detailed system information such as bounds on the Jacobian matrix or growth bound functions, which precludes the use of the more efficient methods introduced in this book. Instead, we rely on the computationally expensive but widely applicable sampling-based methods on sampled-data mixed monotonicity and the Monte Carlo approach.
Punished Protesters: Conditions in East Baton Rouge Parish Prison

This report details the conditions of the East Baton Rouge Parish Prison, the experiences of the arrested protesters following the police killing of Alton Sterling, and the governing legal standards for detention of arrestees, based on more than a dozen interviews conducted on July 11th and 12th of 2016 and June 2017, in conjunction with prison policy manuals, local and national statistics, and independent investigations and studies into East Baton Rouge Parish Prison.
Teaching & Learning Inquiry Book Reviews

Book review of Transforming Digital Learning and Assessment: A Guide to Available and Emerging Practices and Building Institutional Consensus, edited by Peggy L. Maki and Peter Shea.
Score and information for recursive exponential models with incomplete data

Recursive graphical models usually underlie the statistical modelling concerning probabilistic expert systems based on Bayesian networks. This paper defines a version of these models, denoted as recursive exponential models, which have evolved by the desire to impose sophisticated domain knowledge onto local fragments of a model. Besides the structural knowledge, as specified by a given model, the statistical modelling may also include expert opinion about the values of parameters in the model. It is shown how to translate imprecise expert knowledge into approximately conjugate prior distributions. Based on possibly incomplete data, the score and the observed information are derived for these models. This accounts for both the traditional score and observed information, derived as derivatives of the log-likelihood, and the posterior score and observed information, derived as derivatives of the log-posterior distribution. Throughout the paper the specialization into recursive graphical models is accounted for by a simple example.
Reasoning at the right time granularity

Most real-world dynamic systems are composed of different components that often evolve at very different rates. In traditional temporal graphical models, such as dynamic Bayesian networks, time is modeled at a fixed granularity, generally selected based on the rate at which the fastest component evolves. Inference must then be performed at this fastest granularity, potentially at significant computational cost. Continuous Time Bayesian Networks (CTBNs) avoid time-slicing in the representation by modeling the system as evolving continuously over time. The expectation-propagation (EP) inference algorithm of Nodelman et al. (2005) can then vary the inference granularity over time, but the granularity is uniform across all parts of the system, and must be selected in advance. In this paper, we provide a new EP algorithm that utilizes a general cluster graph architecture where clusters contain distributions that can overlap in both space (set of variables) and time. This architecture allows different parts of the system to be modeled at very different time granularities, according to their current rate of evolution. We also provide an information-theoretic criterion for dynamically re-partitioning the clusters during inference to tune the level of approximation to the current rate of evolution. This avoids the need to hand-select the appropriate granularity, and allows the granularity to adapt as information is transmitted across the network. We present experiments demonstrating that this approach can result in significant computational savings.
Type-Driven Incremental Semantic Parsing with Polymorphism

Semantic parsing has made significant progress, but most current semantic parsers are extremely slow (CKY-based) and rather primitive in representation. We introduce three new techniques to tackle these problems. First, we design the first linear-time incremental shift-reduce-style semantic parsing algorithm which is more efficient than conventional cubic-time bottom-up semantic parsers. Second, our parser, being type-driven instead of syntax-driven, uses type-checking to decide the direction of reduction, which eliminates the need for a syntactic grammar such as CCG. Third, to fully exploit the power of type-driven semantic parsing beyond simple types (such as entities and truth values), we borrow from programming language theory the concepts of subtype polymorphism and parametric polymorphism to enrich the type system in order to better guide the parsing. Our system learns very accurate parses in GEOQUERY, JOBS and ATIS domains.
The Spatio-temporal Impact of Drought on Local and Regional Feeder Cattle Inventories

Recent droughts have demonstrated the sensitivity of cattle inventories to adverse weather. Statelevel first-differenced panel regressions are used to estimate the impact of drought conditions on rancher decisions regarding herd size. Results provide insights into the recovery time associated with and degree of rebuilding cattle herds following a drought. Regional cattle inventory responses to weather are shown to be asymmetric as drought conditions have substantial short-run impacts on inventory which are difficult to rebuild.
Indicators of Postsecondary Employment and Education for Youth With Disabilities in Relation to GPA and General Education

This study examined the relations among research-identified non-academic indicators of post-school education and employment measured by the Transition Assessment and Goal Generator (TAGG), student grade point average (GPA), and percentage of time students with disabilities received instruction in the general education classroom. Participants included 1,219 individuals from 49 school districts, across nine states. Analysis of Pearson product–moment correlation coefficients indicated weak to no relations among variables with the exception of persistence and core GPA. Neither student GPA nor time in the general education setting accounted for meaningful variance in TAGG scores, suggesting the TAGG measures behaviors different from GPA and educational placement. Only scores provided by educators yielded a moderate correlation between core GPA and the construct of persistence. Implications for practice and future research needed are discussed.
Translational Repression Protects Human Keratinocytes from UVB-Induced Apoptosis through a Discordant eIF2 Kinase Stress Response

This study delineates the mechanisms by which UVB regulates protein synthesis in human keratinocytes and the importance of translational control in cell survival. Translation initiation is regulated by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2-P) that causes decreased global protein synthesis coincident with enhanced translation of selected stress-related transcripts, such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). ATF4 is a transcriptional activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) that has cytoprotective functions as well as apoptotic signals through the downstream transcriptional regulator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP; GADD153/DDIT3). We determined that UVB irradiation is a potent inducer of eIF2-P in keratinocytes, leading to decreased levels of translation initiation. However, expression of ATF4 or CHOP was not induced by UVB as compared with traditional ISR activators. The rationale for this discordant response is that ATF4 mRNA is reduced by UVB, and despite its ability to be preferentially translated, there are diminished levels of available transcript. Forced expression of ATF4 and CHOP protein before UVB irradiation significantly enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that this portion of the ISR is deleterious in keratinocytes following UVB. Inhibition of eIF2-P and translational control reduced viability following UVB that was alleviated by cycloheximide (CHX), indicating that translation repression through eIF2-P is central to keratinocyte survival.
Computer-Aided Systems Engineering for Flight Research Projects Using a Workgroup Database

An online systems engineering tool for flight research projects has been developed through the use of a workgroup database. Capabilities are implemented for typical flight research systems engineering needs in document library, configuration control, hazard analysis, hardware database, requirements management, action item tracking, project team information, and technical performance metrics. Repetitive tasks are automated to reduce workload and errors. Current data and documents are instantly available online and can be worked on collaboratively. Existing forms and conventional processes are used, rather than inventing or changing processes to fit the tool. An integrated tool set offers advantages by automatically cross-referencing data, minimizing redundant data entry, and reducing the number of programs that must be learned. With a simplified approach, significant improvements are attained over existing capabilities for minimal cost. By using a workgroup-level database platform, personnel most directly involved in the project can develop, modify, and maintain the system, thereby saving time and money. As a pilot project, the system has been used to support an in-house flight experiment. Options are proposed for developing and deploying this type of tool on a more extensive basis.
New Heavy Exotic Hadrons

We review recent studies on exotic states at the Belle experiment. The results include: (1) The measurement of the cross sections of γγ → ωφ , φφ , and ωω for masses that range from threshold to 4.0 GeV. In addition to signals from well established spin-zero and spin-two charmonium states, there are clear resonant structures below charmonium threshold, which have not been previously observed. We report a spin-parity analysis for the new structures; (2) No X(3872) signal is observed in ηJ/ψ or γχc1 mode in B decays. A narrow peak at 3823.5 MeV/c2 (named as ψ2) to γχc1 with a significance of 4.2 standard deviations including systematic uncertainty is observed in B± → Kγχc1; (3) The bottomonium states hb(1P), hb(2P) and Υ(1D) are observed in the reaction e+e− → π+π−+X ; (4) The observation of two narrow charged structures (named as Zb(10610) and Zb(10650)) in the mass spectra of the π±Υ(nS)(n = 1,2,3) and πhb(mP) (m = 1,2) pairs that are produced in association with a single charged pion in Y(5S) decays.
N-graphs, modular Sidon and sum-free sets, and partition identities

Using a new graphical representation for partitions, the author obtains a family of partition identities associated with partitions into distinct parts of an arithmetic progression, or, more generally, with partitions into distinct parts of a set that is a finite union of arithmetic progressions associated with a modular sum-free Sidon set. Partition identities are also constructed for sets associated with modular sum-free sets.
Karate: Keep it Safe

Safety guidelines for each phase of a karate practice session are presented to provide an accident-free and safe environment for teaching karate in a physical education or traditional karate training program. Language: en
The Relationship Between a Dementia Diagnosis, Chronic Illness, Medicare Expenditures, and Hospital Use

Objectives: To determine whether dementia increases medical expenditures, the probability of hospitalization, and potentially preventable hospitalization, controlling for variables including age and comorbidity. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 1 year of claims data comparing usage by patients with claims for dementia with usage by those without dementia. Setting: A nationally representative 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 1999. Participants: Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older with fee-for-service Medicare Parts A and B coverage for 1999 (N=1,238,895; dementia patients n=103,512). Measurements: Per capita expenditures, rate of all-cause hospitalization, rate of preventable hospitalization as defined using ambulatory-care sensitive condition (ACSC) admissions, and dementia identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, codes 290, 294, and 331. Results: Prevalence of dementia was 8.3%. In a model of expenditures in those who survived the year adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidity, dementia was associated with an incremental cost of $6,927, or 3.3 times greater total expenditures than in nondementia patients (P<.001), with higher expenditures for each specific type of Medicare service. Hospitalization accounted for 54% of adjusted costs. The adjusted odds of hospitalization associated with dementia were 3.68 (95% confidence interval (CI)=3.62–3.73) and adjusted odds of ACSC hospitalization were 2.40 (95% CI=2.35–2.46). In those who died, the associations were positive but of smaller magnitude. Conclusion: In a nationally representative sample, higher Medicare expenditures associated with a diagnosis of dementia are in large part due to increased hospitalization. Further study is needed into the factors associated with high rates of hospitalization in dementia patients including aspects of ambulatory management that may be improved. J Am Geriatr Soc 52:187–194, 2004.