cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resource heterogeneity interacts with courtship rate to influence mating success in the wolf spider Schizocosa floridana

Differences in food availability across life stages may have varying influences on adult male traits, potentially providing perceiving females with a wealth of information about environmental effects and a male's ability to cope with them across a variety of timescales. We use the wolf spider, Schizocosa floridana , to test the effect of variable food abundance on male reproductive success. Schizocosa floridana males perform elaborate courtship displays consisting of seismic signalling accompanied by waving and tapping of sexually dimorphic, pigmented forelegs. Previous research has shown that female mate choice is based upon some, but not all, aspects of this display and that the expression of some components is influenced by juvenile food availability, demonstrating the condition dependence of certain traits. We expand on this previous work by independently manipulating both juvenile and adult resource availability in a fully crossed 2 × 2 design and subsequently assessing male mating success and phenotype expression. We found that mating success was affected by a complex interaction between juvenile diet, adult diet and courtship rate. The significant three-way interaction indicates that females assessed males reared on a high juvenile diet and a low adult diet differently than they did males in all other treatment groups, suggesting that females incorporate information about a male's past and current foraging experience into complex mate choice decisions. As a confirmation of the effectiveness of our diet treatments, we documented a significant effect of juvenile diet on leg pigmentation and a significant effect of adult diet on body condition, yet these traits alone did not interact with courtship rate to predict male mating success.
Effect of modified hemes on the spectral properties and activity of manganese peroxidase.

Abstract Recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP), expressed inEscherichia colias apo-protein, was constituted with Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX, Fe(III) protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (DME), Fe(III) deuteroporphyrin (Deut), Fe(III) etioporphyrin III (Etio), and Fe(III) methylpyrrolporphyrin XXI (MPP). The electronic absorption spectra of these hemoproteins were similar to those of native MnP, but absorption maxima were shifted to longer wavelengths in the order of Deut-rMnP, MPP-rMnP, Etio-rMnP, DME-rMnP, andrMnP. All enzymes contained a high-spin, pentacoordinate heme iron as evidenced by the characteristic charge transfer bands in the visible region. The hemoproteins exhibited reduced catalytic activity while maintaining similar substrateKmvalues compared to native MnP. Compounds I, II, and III were obtained for these hemin-analogue enzymes except for Deut-rMnP. We concluded that the spectral properties of MnP are strongly influenced by porphyrin α- and β-meso edge substituents and manganese oxidation is affected by the γ-meso edge groups, suggesting a role for the heme propionates in electron transfer during catalysis.
Chromatic polynomials and whitney's broken circuits

The theorem of Hassler Whitney, which gives the chromatic polynomial of a graph in terms of “broken circuits,” is used to derive a new formula for the coefficients of chromatic polynomials.
The final portrait of Christ

Artistic presentations of Jesus are as numerous and varied as the artists who created them. Whether on canvas or in music, Jesus has been portrayed as a redeemer, revolutionary, teacher, and clown. While some people are inspired by a particular presentation of Jesus, others are angered and incensed at what they perceive to be blasphemous. An example of the latter is Martin Scorsese's film, “The Last Temptation of Christ.” This article examines why people responded so negatively to this and other artistic presentations of Jesus. It suggests they have failed to recognize how the portrayal reflects a personal experience of the artist and is not meant to be a final portrait of Christ. And on a more unconscious level, these works of art evoke feelings within people which they fear to acknowledge and which they escape by condemning the work.
A Cloud-Chamber Study of Extensive Air Showers at 3260 Meters Elevation

The penetrating particles in extensive air showers have been observed in a cloud chamber under 6 inches of lead at an elevation of 3260 meters. If a group of air showers is selected in such a way that their cores mostly land between 4 and 24 meters from the chamber, the penetrating particles are seen to consist mainly of $\ensuremath{\mu}$-mesons which have been produced in the air above the apparatus. If a group of air showers is selected so that their cores are mostly 6 meters from the chamber there are again many $\ensuremath{\mu}$-mesons and in addition there is evidence for local production of penetrating particles in mixed showers and high energy nuclear disintegrations produced by both neutral and ionizing penetrating particles. Thus we have evidence that high energy neutral particles and highly interacting ionizing particles make up an appreciable portion of the penetrating particles in the cores of air showers. There are more cascades of energy g${10}^{8}$ ev under the lead shield than can be accounted for by the radiation and knock-on processes of the observed number of mesons.
Teaching Hospitals and Quality of Care: A Review of the Literature

Because teaching hospitals face increasing pressure to justify their higher charges for clinical care, the quality of care in teaching and nonteaching hospitals is an important policy question. The most rigorous peer-reviewed studies published between 1985 and 2001 that assessed quality of care by hospital-teaching status in the United States provide moderately strong evidence of better quality and lower risk-adjusted mortality in major teaching hospitals for elderly patients with common conditions such as acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia. A few studies, however, found nursing care, pediatric intensive care, and some surgical outcomes to be better in nonteaching hospitals. Some factors related to teaching status, such as organizational culture, staffing, technology, and volume, may lead to higher-quality care.
Paramagnetism in Closed-Shell Molecules

Proofs that closed-shell molecules must be diamagnetic are shown to be restricted to two-electron systems. An exact nonrelativistic ground-state wave function having four or more electrons is shown to possess a nodal structure which arises from the Pauli principle. These nodes cause the proofs that a closed-shell molecular wave function is necessarily diamagnetic to be invalid when more than one pair of electrons is present. The physical situation is examined with special reference to the diatomic BH molecule.
Left renal vein hypertension as a cause of persistent gross hematuria

Left renal vein hypertension as a source of persistent gross hematuria has been described in the literature. This type of hematuria is postulated to result from an elevation of left renal vein pressure leading to calyceal-venous communications. We report a case of left renal vein hypertension in which surgical and radiologic findings identify the cause of the hypertension as an aberrant peripheral nerve. To our knowledge, this etiology has never been described. A review of the literature with emphasis on the pathophysiology of renal-vein hypertension is also presented.
A LDA + U study of the photoemission spectra of the double hexagonal close packed phases of Am and Cm

Abstract We have investigated the photoemission spectra and other electronic structure properties such as equilibrium volume and bulk modulus of double hexagonal close packed (dhcp) americium and the density of states (DOS) and magnetic properties of dhcp curium using the L D A + U method. Our calculations show that spin polarized americium is energetically favorable but spin degenerate configuration produces experimental quantities significantly better than those calculated using the spin polarized configuration. The density of states calculated using L D A + U with both non-magnetic and spin polarized configurations is compared and the non-magnetic DOS is shown to be in good agreement with experimental photoemission spectra when U = 4.5 eV . In spin polarized case, the onsite interaction parameter, U , is observed to increase the splitting between occupied and unoccupied bands by enhancing the Stoner parameter. The DOS of both non-magnetic americium and anti-ferromagnetic curium are shown to be in good agreement with that calculated using dynamical mean field theory for these two heavy actinides. For curium exchange interaction appears to play a dominant role in magnetic stability.
Inherent Robustness of Minimal Modeling Discrete-Time Adaptive Control to Flight Anomalies

We present a discrete-time adaptive control law that is efiective for systems that are unstable, MIMO, and/or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm provides guidelines concerning the modeling information needed for implementation. This information includes a su‐cient number of Markov parameters to capture the sign of the highfrequency gain as well as the nonminimum-phase zeros. No additional information about the poles or the zeros need be known. We present numerical examples to illustrate the robustness of the algorithm under conditions of uncertainty.
Age and growth of the cunner,Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) (pisces: labridae) in the Weweantic River estuary, Massachusetts

The scale method is a valid means for age assessment and back-calculating previous growth for the cunner,Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) in the Weweantic River estuary, Massachusetts. Examination of cunner scale growth from July through October indicates that only one annulus is formed per year, probably during late May or June. A linear body length-scale length relationship used for back-calculation of total length is: (TL=20.35 mm+0.7555 SR). The origin of scale development in the cunner is shown to be on the caudal peduncle at 14 mm TL. Lee’s phenomenon, whereby length at age is increasingly underestimated from scales of progressively older fishes, is not evident in back-calculated growth data. The validity of using average calculated length-at-age data to describe cunner growth is demonstrated. Growth in length of Weweantic cunners is relatively slow; average backcalculated lengths for the first five years of life were 46.5, 88.3, 124.8, 153.1, and 176.5 mm TL. The von Bertalanffy equation, 1t=284.77 (1−e−0.1979 (t−0.1044)), adequately describes growth in length for age groups I to V. Various length-weight relationships are derived which satisfactorily characterize growth in weight of Weweantic fish. The youngest age groups of cunner exhibit the greatest relative increase in body weight and relative weight growth during the second growing season is 11 times as great as as that observed during the fifth growing season.
Renal hemodynamic changes during long-term antihypertensive therapy.

Studies of renal hemodynamics were carried out in 84 patients with essential hypertension during long-term antihypertensive therapy with a number of drugs. Renal perfusion was maintained or enhanced despite a fall in mean arterial pressure during therapy with hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, clonidine, prazosin, and the combination of guanabenz and hydrochlorothiazide. Renal perfusion deteriorated during long-term treatment with propranolol. Renal hemodynamics may be enhanced, maintained, or adversely influenced depending on the choice of antihypertensive agent. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 310–317; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.41
The effects of barbiturates upon the hemodynamic responses to intravenous methionine-enkephalin in dogs: modulation by the GABA complex.

Abstract In conscious animals, the intravenous administration of enkephalins increases heart rate (HR) and mean systemic arterial blood pressure (MAP); however, when given during barbiturate anesthesia, enkephalins reduce HR and MAP. We have investigated the potential role of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) complex (consisting of chloride-ion channel and binding sites for GABA, benzodiazepine, and barbiturate/picrotoxin) as the site of modulation of enkephalin responses by certain anesthetic agents in our chronically instrumented dog model. In our model, methionine-enkephalin (Met 5 -ENK) (35 μg/kg intravenously) increased HR and MAP, but following induction of general anesthesia with barbiturate (pentobarbital) or of sedation with benzodiazepine (diazepam), Met 5 -ENK produced vasodepressor responses despite differing levels of consciousness in the treated animals. Subsequent administration of picrotoxin restored pressor responses to Met 5 -ENK in the barbiturate-treated dogs, but not in those treated with benzodiazepine; picrotoxin did not alter the level of consciousness. Picrotoxin had no effect upon Met 5 -ENK responses in the conscious state. In contrast, alpha-chloralose, a convulsive anesthetic agent which does not appear to alter GABA complex activity, blunted but did not reverse pressor responses to Met 5 -ENK, despite causing a level of anesthesia similar to that produced by barbiturate. The observed pressor response to Met 5 -ENK during alpha-chloralose anesthesia was totally inhibited by naloxone, indicating that this response was still mediated by opiate receptors. Our data are compatible with modulation of enkephalin responses by GABA complex activity. Systemic enkephalins may generate afferent signals which may subsequently undergo GABA complex processing; the state of activation of the GABA complex may then determine whether systemic enkephalin signals are translated as vasopressor or vasodepressor responses.
Polynomial reduction from multivariate to bivariate integral polynomial factorization

Given an arbitrary but fixed integer r ≥ 3. We show that testing r-variate polynomials with integer coefficients for irreducibility is m-reducible in polynomial time of the total degree and the largest coefficient length to testing bi variate polynomials for irreducibility. Factoring r-variate polynomials into irreducibles is polynomial time Turing-reducible to completely factoring bi variate polynomials.
Defining reference models and software architectural styles for cooperative systems

The emergence of software architecture as a field of study is a relatively recent phenomenon[2]. As a discipline, its goals are to better understand the high-level organization of software in terms of computational elements and the interactions between them. This proposal to attend a workshop on software architectures for cooperative systems comes from a researcher in software architecture who is only remotely aware of the specific issues in the design of cooperative systems. In this proposal I will explain what contribution can be made from someone outside of CSCW. I also expect that the critical examination of a complex domain such as cooperative systems will greatly inform my own understanding of software architecture.Within any software domain, such as CSCW, it is important to make explicit the high level design invariants of the software architecture. Such reflection leads to the definition of models or reference architectures intended to positively influence the future development of similar systems. As explained above, this process of defining a reference architecture requires expertise in the general area of software architecture as well as domain expertise. One need not look far outside the scope of CSCW to find an example of a reference architecture with profound influence on design. From the mid 1980's, many user interface management systems have based their highest level abstractions on the Seeheim model [4], with the separation implied by the API, dialogue controller and presentation. One can ask to what extent the authors of the Seeheim model anticipated the influence of their work and gave due consideration to all of the problems involved in UI design.My own interest in software architecture falls into two categories -- semi-formal, structured evaluation of architectural artifacts for non-functional qualities and formal definition of architectural patterns or styles. I will briefly decribe each.
Karstic problems in the construction of Milwaukee’s Deep Tunnels

A critical component of Milwaukee’s $ 2.8 billion Water Pollution Abatement Program is a 31.2-km inline storage system comprising three Deep Tunnel sections that were bored between 1984 and 1993 at a depth of 80–100 m within Silurian-aged Niagara dolostone. Construction of these Deep Tunnels proved more difficult and expensive than estimated because the karstic nature of the dolostone, particularly its hydrology, had not been fully appreciated. Rock collapse, subsidence and groundwater intrusion necessitated remedial grouting and lining of about 45% of the tunnels, costing some $ 50 million above estimates and delaying completion by 9 months. Tunnel performance since completion continues to be controversial.
AVA Sensitivity Analysis And Inversion of 3D Pre-stack Seismic Data to Delineate a Mixed Carbonate-siliciclastic Reservoir In the Barinas-Apure Basin, Venezuela

Although the AVA analysis indicates that the shale/carbonate interface represented by the top of the Escandalosa O-Member does not generate a significant AVA response, Biot-Gassmann analysis does show significant sensitivity of the modulus attribute ρf to fluid substitution. Accordingly, pre-stack seismic inversion results, which are layer dependent, have provided quantitative information about the lateral continuity of the carbonate reservoir as well as about the spatial distribution of economically viable areas, thereby significantly reducing exploration and development risk.
Large-Cage Zeolite Structures with Multidimensional 12-Ring Channels

Zeolite type structures with large cages interconnected by multidimensional 12-ring (rings of 12 tetrahedrally coordinated atoms) channels have been synthesized; more than a dozen large-pore materials were created in three different topologies with aluminum (or gallium), cobalt (or manganese, magnesium, or zinc), and phosphorus at the tetrahedral coordination sites. Tetragonal UCSB-8 has an unusually large cage built from 64 tetrahedral atoms and connected by an orthogonal channel system with 12-ring apertures in two dimensions and 8-ring apertures in the third. Rhombohedral UCSB-10 and hexagonal UCSB-6 are structurally related to faujasite and its hexagonal polymorph, respectively, and have large cages connected by 12-ring channels in all three dimensions.
Enhancing Patient Compliance in Pediatrics

The Challenge Pediatric care has become exceedingly complex, but no matter how technologically advanced treatments become, they can be only as effective as compliance with their use. Compliance, or adherence, defined as the extent to which a person9s behavior coincides with medical or health advice, is crucial for the treatment of illness, the prevention of disease, and the promotion of health. Unfortunately, noncompliance is extremely common. For example, in a study of the use of penicillin for acute otitis media and "strep" throat, Charney et al1 found that only 43% of the children complied with the regimen. Gordis and associates2 found that compliance with penicillin used for chronic rheumatic fever prophylaxis was only 36%. Eney and Goldstein3 showed that compliance with theophylline in children being evaluated in an emergency department for asthma was only 11%. Compliance decreases over the course of treatment, not only for long-term interventions, but for brief ones as well. For example, Bergman and Werner4 found that 56% of individuals being treated with penicillin for streptococcal pharyngitis had stopped taking the medication by day 3, 71% by day 6, and 82% by day 9 of the treatment course. Although compliance is so important, it is largely neglected in medical education, including pediatric residency training.
Use of Surrogate versus Clinical Markers in Trials for HIV Infection

In an era of proliferating antiretroviral therapies, clinical endpoint trials have become problematic in terms of their lengthy durations, excessive sample sizes, and resource requirements. Rapid developments in the HIV field can also impact an ongoing clinical endpoint trial, resulting in changes to the treatment arms, accrual problems, and pressure to terminate the study prematurely. Thus, there are increasing arguments for the use of surrogate markers in preference to clinical endpoints. Plasma HIV-1 RNA is pathogenetically plausible as a surrogate marker, and is currently the strongest predictor of clinical outcome. It is also easily measurable and responsive to active agents. A combination of viral load measurements such as proportion of subjects below the limit of detection and change from baseline should be utilized to provide a more immediate assessment of disease status. Also, plasma HIV-1 RNA is best used in combination with other markers, such as the CD4 cell count, that carry prognostic significance.
The Reflecting Team as an Alternative Case Teaching Model: A Narrative, Conversational Approach

Contemporary business school faculties continue in their efforts to enhance graduates' preparation in terms of communication skills, critical thinking skills, perspective taking, and the ability to collaborate. The reflecting team case model presented here is a conversational, student centered, narratively based alternative to the traditional hierarchical, instructor centered, analytical model. It will hopefully be a welcome addition to the case instruction repertoire, aiming at the enhancement of students' skills in areas of both process and knowledge application. Process aspects include balancing power, dealing with gender differences, encouraging agreements among participants with diverse viewpoints, change processes, question construction, the art of positive denotation, and the development of action items. It is also attempts to place students in a `zone of proximal development', which would catalyze the development of more advanced models of cognitive and emotional intelligence.
Costimulatory mechanisms in the elderly.

Abstract Aging is associated with the progressive increase of T cells that lack expression of the CD28 costimulatory molecule. Because CD28/B7 signal transduction is required for proliferation, T cells lacking CD28 gene expression are incapable of clonal expansion. To determine whether CD28− T cells are a separate lineage or, alternatively, are the progeny of formerly CD28+ T cells, we performed cell culture longitudinal analysis on the same population of T cells over time. Repeated antigen-induced T cell division ultimately leads to irreversible cell cycle arrest, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase inducibility, and total absence of expression of CD28. This in vitro model has elucidated a novel facet of T cell biology that may explain the increased incidence of infection and cancer in the elderly.
Risk factors associated with failure 1 year after retropubic or transobturator midurethral slings.

Objective The objective of the study was to identify predictors of recurrent urinary incontinence (UI) 1 year after treatment with tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT). Study Design One hundred sixty-two women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (SUI) were included in a clinical trial comparing TVT with TOT with at least 1 year of follow-up were included in this analysis. Potential clinical and urodynamic predictors for development of “any recurrent UI” or “recurrent SUI” 1 year after surgery were evaluated using logistic regression models. Results Subjects who received concurrent prolapse surgery and those taking anticholinergic medications preoperatively were more likely to develop any recurrent UI. Increasing age was independently associated with recurrent SUI. Risk factors were similar for TVT and TOT for both definitions of treatment failure. Conclusion Concurrent prolapse surgery and preoperative anticholinergic medication use are associated with increased risk of developing recurrent UI 1 year after TVT or TOT. Increasing age is specifically associated with the recurrence of SUI symptoms.
Wind-enhanced resuspension in the shallow waters of South San Francisco Bay: Mechanisms and potential implications for cohesive sediment transport

[1] We investigated the driving forces of sediment dynamics at the shoals in South San Francisco Bay. Two stations were deployed along a line perpendicular to a 14 m deep channel, 1000 and 2000 m from the middle of the channel. Station depths were 2.59 and 2.19 m below mean lower low water, respectively. We used acoustic Doppler velocimeters for the simultaneous determination of current velocities, turbulence, sediment concentration and fluxes. Maximum current shear velocities were 0.015 m s−1 at the station further from the channel (closer to the shore) and 0.02 m s−1 at the station closer to the channel. Peak wave-induced shear velocities exceeded 0.015 m s−1 at both stations. Maximum sediment concentrations were around 30 g m−3 during calm periods (root mean square wave height 0.10 g m−2 s−1) at the station further from the channel 0.36 m above the bed. Closer to the channel, sediment concentrations and vertical fluxes due to wind wave resuspension were persistently lower (maximum concentrations around 50 g m−3 and maximum fluxes around 0.04 g m−2 s−1). Most resuspension events occurred during flood tides that followed wave events during low water. Although wave motions are able to resuspend sediment into the wave boundary layer at low tide, the observed large increases in sediment fluxes are due to the nonlinear interaction of wind waves and the tidal currents.
The A.R.M. correction method of paleointensity determination

Abstract A new method has been developed for recovering paleointensities from igneous rocks which requires only a single heating to the Curie temperature, utilizing partial ARM acquisition measurements before and after the heating to carefully separate distortions of the coercivity spectrum, caused by the heating, from viscous components present in the natural remanence. In addition, the changes in the partial ARM curves may be used to correct to some extent for chemical alterations that occur during the heating. As a result, the method allows one to use a number of samples for paleointensities that would normally be rejected by the Thellier-Thellier method, especially those contaminated by strong viscous overprints. The key to this process is the high sensitivity to changes in the TRM and ARM acquisition spectrum (and hence the coercivity spectrum) of partial ARM acquisition curves, which may be obtained at room temperature. Paleointensity results from recent historic Hawaiian lava flows have demonstrated the reliability of the ARM correction method.
Subnanosecond dynamics of the fluorescence and singlet absorption of s-tetrazine☆

Abstract The fluorescence lifetime, singlet absorption decay, and the S1 absorption spectrum of s-tetrazine have been measured in C6H6 solution at 300 K. The fluorescence was measured using a Duguay-Hansen light gate and the transient absorption was studied using a picosecond continuum generated from CCl4 using a 1060 nm pulse. The spectrum was photographed with a single laser shot. The results are a new S1 spectrum peaking at 473 nm corresponding to an allowed transition; an S1 lifetime from absorption of 424 ± 75 ps; a spontaneous lifetime of 450 ± 55 ps.
Kinetics and Selectivity of 2-Propanol Conversion on Oxidized Anatase TiO2

Abstract The steady-state kinetics of 2-propanol decomposition on oxidized anatase TiO2have been determined at temperatures ranging from 448 to 598 K and 2-propanol partial pressures from 8.9 to 102.7 Torr. The effects of the addition of O2and water to the carrier gas were also investigated. The steady-state reaction results primarily in the formation of a dehydration product, propylene, and a dehydrogenation product, acetone, with small amounts of carbon oxides also being observed. Depending on the reaction conditions, the selectivity to either propylene or acetone can range between 5 and 95%. The rate of dehydrogenation increases dramatically with the addition of both O2and water, while the dehydration rate is unaffected by their presence. Accordingly, the kinetics of 2-propanol decomposition were investigated using both air and an inert carrier. Using air as the carrier gas, the dehydration and dehydrogenation reactions were determined to be approximately one-half order with respect to 2-propanol partial pressure. The activation energies determined for the two processes are substantially different, 68 kJ mol−1for dehydrogenation and 130 kJ mol−1for dehydration, as evidenced by the strong temperature dependence of the decomposition selectivity. Using an inert carrier, the reaction kinetics depend in a complex fashion on the conversion of 2-propanol. The dependence on conversion was found to arise from the influence of water on the dehydrogenation kinetics. The presence of water, whether produced by 2-propanol dehydration or added independently, was found to increase the rate of 2-propanol dehydrogenation. The results of the present study can be reconciled with previously reported steady-state and temperature-programmed desorption investigations of 2-propanol on TiO2by recognizing the influence of both surface hydroxyls and the use of an oxidizing carrier gas on the dehydrogenation and dehydration pathways at steady state.
Vibration-evoked startle behavior in larval lampreys.

Larval lampreys (ammocoetes) exhibit a rapid vibration-evoked startle response involving a bilateral activation of musculature along the length of the body. The resulting movement is variable, contingent on the animal's prestimulus posture: lateral curves along the trunk and tail contract more on the inner side of the curve than on the outer side. Thus, the startle response increases preexisting body curvature. Because ammocoetes are burrowing filter feeders, this startle behavior results in rapid withdrawal of the head into the burrow. A vibratory pulse to the otic capsules in a semi-intact preparation evokes simultaneous action potentials in both primary Mauthner neurons. Vibration also excites several MUller cells. Intracellular stimulation of one primary Mauthner axon (eliciting one action potential) produces bilateral trunk electromyographic potentials that are smaller than those evoked by vibration; simultaneous stimulation of both Mauthner axons (one action potential each) reproduces the vibration-evoked electromyographic amplitudes. The Mauthner cell's sensitivity to vestibular input is centrally modulated during changes in behavioral state. Mauthner action potentials are most easily elicited by vibratory or electrical stimulation of vestibular afferents while an intact animal is at rest; the same stimuli become subthreshold for Mauthner activity while the animal is swimming. A similar depression of Mauthner excitability is observed in semi-intact preparations during arousal. 'Arousal' was defined by the occurrence of tonic, descending spinal cord discharge. Mauthner cells are tonically depolarized during arousal and exhibit an increased membrane conductance; excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by vibratory or electrical stimulation of vestibular afferents are greatly attenuated. Modulated sensory transmission to the Mauthner cell may help to prevent inappropriate activation of the startle circuit.
Influence of airfoil thickness on convected gust interaction noise

The case of a symmetric airfoil at zero angle of attack is considered in order to determine the influence of airfoil thickness on sound generated by interaction with convected gusts. The analysis is based on a linearization of the Euler equations about the subsonic mean flow past the airfoil. Primary sound generation is found to occur in a local region surrounding the leading edge, with the size of the local region scaling on the gust wavelength. For a parabolic leading edge, moderate leading edge thickness is shown to decrease the noise level in the low Mach number limit.
First-neighbor frequencies of satellite DNAs from Drosophila nasutoides and Pagurus pollicaris from an analysis of their circular dichroism spectra

From an analysis of their circular dichroism spectra, we find that the four (A + T)-rich satellite DNAs of Drosophila nasutoides have distributions of first-neighbor base paris that resemble those previously found for other (A + T)-rich Drosophila satellites. We also apply our spectral analysis procedure for the first time to two (G + C)-rich satellite DNAs, those from the hermit crab Pagurus pollicaris. We find that P. pollicaris satellite I cannot be accurately analyzed with our standard set of spectral components and that P. pollicaris satellite II appears to be much like the synthetic polymer poly[d(A-G-C-)·d(G-C-T)] in its first-neighbor content.
Using Shape-Controlled Gold Nanorods for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Raman spectroscopy is plagued by low signal. Shape-controlled gold nanorods with infrared plasmon resonances were used for enhancement of the Raman signal of aminothiophenol (p-MA), resulting in nonlinear characteristics and a maximum enhancement ~105/molecule.
A continuous microneurosurgical irrigation and suction system: technical note

OBJECTIVE : We describe a continuous microneurosurgical irrigation and suction technique. This technique automatically clears the operative field, frees the surgeon to perform microdissection with both hands, and actually aids in dissection of the arachnoid layer. TECHNIQUE : The suction catheter (MicroVac ; P.M.T., Inc., Hopkins, MN) described by Spetzler and Iverson and an additional continuous microirrigation technique are discussed. The catheter design has a sump effect and is secured in a dependent position in the operative field to continuously remove blood, irrigate the area, and reduce cerebrospinal fluid accumulation. The irrigation system consists of standard intravenous tubing with an angiocatheter used to direct a precise stream into the operative field. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION : The irrigation and suction system, when properly adjusted, continuously clears the operative site of minute amounts of blood that may obscure the surgeon's view and assists in dissection of the arachnoid layer. It has been used since 1991 with excellent success and satisfaction.
Joaquin Murieta, Mexican History, and Popular Myths of Freedom

Joaquin Murieta fut un bandit californien reel dont la reputation legendaire de chef de bande durant la ruee vers l'or devint rapidement un mythe. A cote de la version de reference du roman de John Rollin Ridge (1854), un Amerindien cherokee (Yellow Bird), de nombreux ecrivains, poetes, cineastes et conteurs ont utilise l'histoire de ce Robin des bois du Far-West pour recycler des mythes transculturels sur la mobilite, les hors-la-loi heroiques, et le reve de la liberte. L'A. retrace brievement les exploits reels de Joaquin, ainsi que ceux decrits par Ridge et dans d'autres versions. Il examine ensuite plus particulierement l'interet porte par Ridge a l'histoire mexicaine et s'interroge sur le succes populaire important de Joaquin (notamment en Californie, au Mexique et au Chili). Il centre son analyse sur le concept de liberte et montre comment celui-ci fut transforme historiquement a travers les differentes versions. Il montre comment l'humour est utilise comme partie integrante du recit, conjointement avec une forme de recit democratique. Finalement, il examine ces deux termes en relation avec les traditions litteraires et culturelles du Mexique et des Etats-Unis.
Another Nibble at the Core: Student Learning in a Thematically-focused Introductory Sociology Course

Identifying and assessing core knowledge has been and continues to be a challenge that vexes the discipline of sociology. With the adoption of a thematic approach to courses in the core curriculum ...
Speaker recognition with region-constrained MLLR transforms

It has been shown that standard cepstral speaker recognition models can be enhanced by region-constrained models, where features are extracted only from certain speech regions defined by linguistic or prosodic criteria. Such region-constrained models can capture features that are more stable, highly idiosyncratic, or simply complementary to the baseline system. In this paper we ask if another major class of speaker recognition models, those based on MLLR speaker adaptation transforms, can also benefit from region-constrained feature extraction. In our approach, we define regions based on phonetic and prosodic criteria, based on automatic speech recognition output, and perform MLLR estimation using only frames selected by these criteria. The resulting transform features are appended to those of a state-of-the-art MLLR speaker recognition system and jointly modeled by SVMs. Multiple regions can be added in this fashion. We find consistent gains over the baseline system in the SRE2010 speaker verification task.
Korn's Inequality for Sequences

A version of the Korn's inequality valid for a weakly convergent sequence of deformations is given.
Injection-seeded titanium-doped-sapphire laser.

We demonstrate injection seeding of a pulsed, laser-pumped, titanium-doped-sapphire ring laser by both continuous-wave dye and diode lasers. As little as 100 μW of seed light is required to produce 4 mJ of 30-nsec TEM00 output having a bandwidth of less than 25 MHz FWHM. Using an atomic resonance filter we find that more than 99.9% of the energy is at the 780-nm seed wavelength. We discuss the spatial and longitudinal mode-matching requirements for successful seeding.
Past, Present, and Future of Thermochronology

In one form or another, geochronologists have been practicing thermochronology 1 , the use of radioisotopic dating to constrain thermal histories of rocks and minerals, for over 40 years. Building from lessons learned over these four decades, thermochronology continues to evolve due to technical developments, increasingly sophisticated theoretical models, and an expanding range of applications in geologic and planetary science. Most recently, interest in earth-surface processes and interactions between tectonics, erosion, and climate has drawn attention to techniques that can address the timing and rates of processes operating at temperatures below about 300 °C. The purpose of this RiMG volume is to assess the current state of thermochronology, as of circa 2005, which is, coincidentally, the 100th anniversary of the first radioisotopic date (Rutherford 1905; 1906). Excellent review papers and books on specific topics within this field have been published, but no single volume has yet provided a comprehensive review of current practices, basic theory, and illustrative examples. The motivation for this volume stems from these considerations. Knowing that in a fast-developing field a book like this can quickly become dated, we tried to include sufficient review of fundamentals and the literature to offer students and new users a useful introduction to thermochronology that may have some staying power. In this chapter, we first review the salient points of thermochronology’s history before assessing our current capabilities and challenges and then taking the risk of suggesting where the field is headed. We do not provide a comprehensive history of the method that does full justice to the work of the large and growing cohort of thermochronologists. In this short space, we instead opted to give our perspectives on where the intellectual and technological roots of the discipline lie, which run deeper and go back farther than is sometimes appreciated. …
Analysis of CPM signals using higher-order statistics

The authors address the problem of the estimation of the modulation index of continuous phase modulated (CPM) signals in noise. In a previous work (1993) they considered the same problem when the CPM signal was sampled at the symbol rate and thus constituted a stationary sequence. In this case, sampling is performed at a higher rate, and thus the discrete sequence becomes cyclostationary. Analytical expressions are derived for the cyclic autocorrelation and fourth-order cumulant sequences that permit the formulation of a maximum likelihood estimator. Simulation examples illustrate the performance of both methods. >
Increased Prevalence of Obesity in Children With Functional Constipation Evaluated in an Academic Medical Center

Objective. The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in children is the most important problem facing pediatricians today. A recent study suggested an association of obesity and constipation in children but lacked a control group for comparison. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of obesity in a large cohort of children with functional constipation and to compare it with a control group representative of the general population. Methods. Retrospective chart review was performed on 719 children, between the ages of 4 and 95th percentile and severe obesity as a BMI of ≥5 kg/m 2 above the 95th percentile for age and gender. The control group consisted of all 930 children (4 to 2 and t tests were used for analysis. Results. Overall prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in constipated children (22.4%) compared with control children (11.7%), and this higher prevalence was also seen for severe obesity. The prevalence rates of obesity were significantly higher in constipated males (25%) than in constipated females (19%) and were significantly higher compared with the control males (13.5%) and control females (9.8%). Constipated boys in all 3 age groups had significantly higher rates of obesity than the control boys; the constipated girls had significantly higher obesity rates for the age groups between 8 and Conclusions. There is a significantly higher prevalence of obesity in children with constipation compared with age- and gender-matched controls. This higher prevalence is present in both boys (4 to
Criminality of Black youth in inner‐city schools: ‘moral panic’, moral imagination, and moral formation

Schools provide a context or moral space for youth to develop their identity; however, with the racialized ideology, language and practices that promote Black youth criminality, criminalized schools become a racialized, classed, and gendered moral space that feeds into the school‐to‐prison pipeline. The criminalization of schools refers to a combination of reactive disciplinary policies, surveillance, metal detectors, unwarranted searching and lockdowns that reflect the contemporary criminal justice system within the school environment; the combination of policies send youth on a trajectory that leads to prison. The school‐to‐prison nexus intersects with class and race, targeting Latino, undocumented immigrants, and other populations. The purpose of this article is to explore the intersection between media representations of youth crime, school disciplinary policies, and adolescent moral formation in the context of schools where youth are criminalized. This study is guided by the following questions: In w...
Neutral degradates of chloroacetamide herbicides: Occurrence in drinking water and removal during conventional water treatment

Abstract Treated drinking water samples from 12 water utilities in the Midwestern United States were collected during Fall 2003 and Spring 2004 and were analyzed for selected neutral degradates of chloroacetamide herbicides, along with related compounds. Target analytes included 20 neutral chloroacetamide degradates, six ionic chloroacetamide degradates, four parent chloroacetamide herbicides, three triazine herbicides, and two neutral triazine degradates. In the fall samples, 17 of 20 neutral chloroacetamide degradates were detected in the finished drinking water, while 19 of 20 neutral chloroacetamide degradates were detected in the spring. Median concentrations for the neutral chloroacetamide degradates were ∼2–60 ng/L during both sampling periods. Concentrations measured in the fall samples of treated water were nearly the same as those measured in source waters, despite the variety of treatment trains employed. Significant removals (average of 40% for all compounds) were only found in the spring samples at those utilities that employed activated carbon.
On-chip optical interconnection network performance evaluation using power penalty metrics from silicon photonic modulators

We examine the complex relationship between experimentally-measured power penalty performance metrics of a silicon photonic modulator, and its broad impact on the throughput performance of a full-scale on-chip optical interconnection network. Using our physically-accurate network-level simulation environment, we further evaluate this impact from hypothetical device performance improvements. The results indicate that in order to achieve the highest throughput, an intricate balance must be reached between modulation rate and device performance.
Application of a Robot for Critical Care Rounding in Small Rural Hospitals

The purpose of this article is to present an option for a model of care that allows small rural hospitals to be able to provide specialty physicians for critical care patient needs in lieu of on-site critical care physician coverage. A real-time, 2-way audio and video remote presence robot is used to bring a specialist to the bedside to interact with patients. This article discusses improvements in quality and finance outcomes as well as care team and patient satisfaction associated with this model. Discussion also includes expansion of the care model to the emergency department for acute stroke care.
Effect of EHR user interface changes on internal prescription discrepancies.

Objective: To determine whether specific design interventions (changes in the user interface (UI)) of an electronic health record (EHR) medication module are associated with an increase or decrease in the incidence of contradictions between the structured and narrative components of electronic prescriptions (internal prescription discrepancies). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 960,000 randomly selected electronic prescriptions generated in a single EHR between 01/2004 and 12/2011. Internal prescription discrepancies were identified using a validated natural language processing tool with recall of 76% and precision of 84%. A multivariable autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to evaluate the effect of five UI changes in the EHR medication module on incidence of internal prescription discrepancies. Results: Over the study period 175,725 (18.4%) prescriptions were found to have internal discrepancies. The highest rate of prescription discrepancies was observed in March 2006 (22.5%) and the lowest in March 2009 (15.0%). Addition of „as directed“ option to the dropdown decreased prescription discrepancies by 195 / month (p = 0.0004). An non-interruptive alert that reminded providers to ensure that structured and narrative components did not contradict each other decreased prescription discrepancies by 145 / month (p = 0.03). Addition of a „Renew / Sign“ button to the Medication module (a negative control) did not have an effect in prescription discrepancies. Conclusions: Several UI changes in the electronic medication module were effective in reducing the incidence of internal prescription discrepancies. Further research is needed to identify interventions that can completely eliminate this type of prescription error and their effects on patient outcomes.