cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ureterosigmoidostomy followed by carcinoma of the colon

Adenocarcinoma of the colon developing as a late complication or ureterosignoidostomy has been reported with increasing frequency. A patient is presented who developed adenocarcinoma of the colon 28 years after ureterosigmoidostomy for bladder exstrophy and 13 years after conversion of the ureterosigmoidostomy to an ileal conduit. The colonic tumor was documented at postmortem examination to be at the ureterosigmoidostomy site. Because of the potential late development of adenocarcinoma of the colon, careful follow-up of patients with ureterosigmoidostomies, particularly those performed in children many years ago, is indicated.
Magnetic rotational strengths of higher states in benzene: evidence for the existence of an out-of-plane transition

Abstract Calculations of magneto-optical B values in equilibrium benzene, were carried out in the CNDO/S CI approximation. The calculations demonstrate that the apparent B term feature just on the low energy edge of the E 1u absorption in the MCD spectrum of benzene vapor may arise from an electric dipole allowed, out-of-plane polarized transition to an A 2u state. Although the A 1g ⇀ A 2u transition has a very low oscillator strength, it can have a non-trivial magnetic rotational strength via magnetic coupling with the close lying E 1u state. Signs and magnitudes of the rotational strength are sensitive to details of the calculation. The B value of the E 1u state is also discussed.
Subcellular distribution of adenylyl cyclase and Gsα in rat brown adipose tissue

The subcellular distribution of Gs alpha (the alpha-subunit of guanine nucleotide-binding stimulatory protein of adenylyl cyclase) was examined in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) to determine (1) if Gs alpha is completely colocalized with adenylyl cyclase in the plasma membrane, and (2) whether cold exposure, which increases adenylyl cyclase activity, changes the subcellular distribution of Gs alpha. Subcellular fractions were prepared from IBAT by differential centrifugation and analyzed for Gs alpha by immunoblotting. Adenylyl cyclase activity and Gs alpha were detected in all the subcellular fractions except the cytosol. The plasma membrane fraction showed the greatest enrichment of adenylyl cyclase and Gs alpha. However, the enrichment of adenylyl cyclase in the plasma membrane fraction was greater than that for Gs alpha, which was also associated to a large degree with the mitochondrial fraction. Thus, compared with the mitochondrial fraction, both 5' nucleotidase and adenylyl cyclase were enriched by over 200% in the plasma membrane fraction, but Gs alpha was enriched by only 50%. Exposure of rats to 4 degrees C for 3 days increased fluoride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity, but did not increase the amount of immunoreactive Gs alpha in any of the subcellular fractions examined. The above results demonstrate that not all Gs alpha in IBAT is colocalized with adenylyl cyclase in the plasma membrane. The finding that cold exposure did not change the subcellular distribution of Gs alpha indicates that the cold-induced increase in adenylyl cyclase activity is not due to translocation of Gs alpha from subcellular compartments to the plasma membrane.
Virus-cell relationship in a carrier culture of HeLa cells and Coxsackie A9 virus

Abstract Although relatively resistant to infection with Coxsackie A9 virus of monkey kidney (MK) culture origin, HeLa cells have been found capable of supporting growth of this virus. When heavy inocula of the A9 virus were used in cultures of HeLa cells adapted to growth in medium containing 10% human, horse, or calf serum, the cultures showed viral cytopathogenic effects (CPE) but recovered after addition of fresh growth medium. These cultures could be passed serially for many cell generations with consistent recovery of the virus in the supernate. The term “carrier culture” has been used to designate this type of virus-cell relationship ( Lwoff, 1953 ). No evidence for a lysogenic state was found in this system. Animal or human immune serum eliminated virus from the cultures and clonal isolates of cells from the carrier culture were negative for virus. Only a small proportion of the cells in carrier cultures were infected. Prolonged cultivation of the carrier cultures tended to select not only cells with increased resistance to Coxsackie A9 infection, but also virus with altered properties. Virus from carrier cultures differed from the original virus grown in MK by its (a) lack of virulence for suckling mice, (b) increased virulence for HeLa cells, (c) slow plaque formation in MK plaque plates, and (d) antigenic composition. The evidence presented indicates that the principal factors responsible for continued maintenance of the carrier cultures are the relative insusceptibility of HeLa cells to Coxsackie A9 virus, especially in the state of cellular activity present in growth medium, and the prevention of high multiplicities of virus in the cultures by rapid thermal inactivation.
Characterizing organic mood syndrome, manic type.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide the first empirically based description of the clinical features of organic mood syndrome, manic type (OMS-M). During a recent 5-year period, 14,889 new patients presented for initial evaluation and care at our institute. Of these patients, a total of 12 cases of OMS-M were diagnosed. Evaluations were conducted using the Initial Evaluation Form, which was developed to be compatible with the DSM-III. The symptom profile of OMS-M was compared with that of “functional” manics (bipolar disorder, manic type [BD-M]). A variety of associated clinical factors were also assessed. The OMS-M patient demonstrated somewhat less severe acute symptomatology but more longstanding functional impairment than in BD-M. OMS-M patients also displayed a lower age at onset of illness and a higher level of perinatal problems and developmental delays compared with BD-M patients. The OMS-M group displayed a low family burden of mania. The most striking distinguishing feature of OMS-M was the prevalence of neurological disorders, with a surprisingly high prevalence of seizure disorders. Seizure disorders were more prevalent in OMS-M than in other organic brain syndromes (OBS).
9 Pharmacological therapy

Collectively sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia are the most commonly inherited single-gene defects world-wide and were the first group of diseases for which DNA-based detection strategies were utilized. Although genotypically distinct, these two groups of diseases exhibit several common clinical features: moderate-to-severe haemolytic anaemia, acute and progressive tissue damage, disease- or treatment-related organ failure and premature death. Within the last two decades, a striking improvement in life expectancy in the two patient populations has been observed, by dint of primary and secondary prevention strategies. However, apart from bone marrow transplantation, a generally applicable, specific and non-toxic form of treatment remains unavailable for these disorders. Nonetheless, a greater appreciation of the developmental control of human globin gene expression coupled with observations of the effects of certain classes of agents to ‘reverse’ erythroid cellular phenotype in in vitro and animal models have led to pharmacological trials to obtain meaningful increases in haemoglobin F production in patients affected by these two severe β-globin disorders. Contemporary understanding of the quantitative relationship between the abnormal molecules in the red cells (aggregates of sickle haemoglobin) in the sickle cell syndromes and aggregated α-globin polypeptides in the β-thalassemia syndromes, and the extent of the red cell and/or organ involvement, has now enabled investigators to predict how much inhibition of these intracellular pathogenic processes might be necessary to achieve partial or total abrogation of disease manifestations. The results of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea and other controlled trials now bear out these predictions.
Artificial intelligence: where has it been, and where is it going?

The directions for near-future development of artificial intelligence (AI) can be described in terms of four dichotomies: the use of reasoning versus the use of knowledge; the roles of parallel and of serial systems; systems that perform and systems that learn to perform; and programming languages derived from the search metaphor versus languages derived from the logical reasoning metaphor. Although the author believes that there are reasons for emphasizing knowledge systems (production systems) that are serial, capable of expert performance, and designed in terms of the search metaphor, the other pathways are also important and should not be ignored. In particular, empirical work is needed in the construction and empirical testing of the performance of large systems to explore all of these branching pathways. >
Compressive biomechanical properties of human nasal septal cartilage.

BackgroundNasal septal cartilage is frequently used in nasal reconstruction and is a common source of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering. The biomechanical properties of septal cartilage have yet to be fully defined and this limits the ability to compare it to the various alternative tissue-implant materials or tissue-engineered neocartilage. Given the unique structure and orientation of the septum within the nose, we sought to investigate anisotropic behaviors of septal cartilage in compression and correlate this to the concentration of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and collagen within the cartilage.MethodsHuman nasal septal cartilage specimens were tested in confined compression, with each sample analyzed in a medial orientation and also either a vertical or caudal-cephalic orientation, with the order of tests randomized. The equilibrium confined compression (aggregate) modulus, HA0 and the permeability, kp, at different offset compression levels were obtained for each compression test. After test...
Ultra-high accuracy calculations for hydrogen molecule and helium dimer

Large basis sets of explicitly correlated Gaussian (ECG) functions with carefully optimized nonlinear parameters have been used to calculate the binding energies of H2 and He2 at their equilibrium internuclear distances R. In the case of the helium dimer, the wave function includes a product of two helium atom functions, which accounts for the main part of the total energy. At R = 1.4 bohr, a strict upper bound to the H2 total energy in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is equal to −1.174 475 714 220 363 hartree and the complete basis set (CBS) limit is estimated as −1.174 475 714 220 44(6) hartree. At R = 1.4011 bohr, the corresponding values are −1.174 475 931 400 135 and −1.174 475 931 400 21(6). A strict upper bound to the interaction energy of He2 at R = 5.6 bohr is −11.00035 K and the CBS limit is −11.0006(2) K. The results for both systems are significantly more accurate than any results reported in literature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Anisotropic 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice relaxation in cerebroside- and phospholipid-cholesterol bilayer membranes.

The axially symmetric powder pattern 2H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshapes observed in the liquid crystalline phase of pure lipid or lipid/cholesterol bilayers are essentially invariant to temperature, or, equivalently, to variations in the correlation times characterizing C-2H bond reorientations. In either of these melted phases, where correlation times for C-2H bond motions are shorter than 10(-7) s, information on the molecular dynamics of the saturated hydrocarbon chain would be difficult to obtain using lineshape analyses alone, and one must resort to other methods, such as the measurement of 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates, in order to obtain dynamic information. In pure lipid bilayers, the full power of the spin-lattice relaxation technique has yet to be realized, since an important piece of information, namely the orientation dependence of the 2H spin-lattice relaxation rates is usually lost due to orientational averaging of T1 by rapid lateral diffusion. Under more favorable circumstances, such as those encountered in the lipid/cholesterol mixtures of this study, the effects of orientational averaging by lateral diffusion are nullified, due to either a marked reduction (by at least an order of magnitude) in the diffusion rate, or a marked increase in the radii of curvature of the liposomes. In either case, the angular dependence of 2H spin-lattice relaxation is accessible to experimental study, and can be used to test models of molecular dynamics in these systems. Simulations of the partially recovered lineshapes indicate that the observed T1 anisotropies are consistent with large amplitude molecular reorientation of the C-2H bond among a finite number of sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cooperative interaction of atoms with a radiation field: Evolution of the field density matrix

The evolution of the radiation field in a model for interacting radiation and matter in cooperative-atom states is studied via the density matrix. The exact treatment possible for small numbers of cooperating atoms reveals effects not apparent from approximation treatments for long interaction times and/or strong interactions. The superradiance concept needs modification under these conditions, and the photon statistics can be greatly modified by the interaction. The representation for the density matrix uses eigensolutions of the model obtained earlier.
Success discourse in incumbent presidential television spots, 1956–2004

Abstract This study content analyzed 477 incumbent presidential television spots from 1956 to 2004 in an effort to explain the strategies used by candidates to describe their past successes. The primary strategies for telling success stories in a manner that allows for the preservation of an appropriate image are entitlement (I am responsible for the achievement), enhancement (the achievement is qualitatively significant), dissociation (others are responsible as well), and detraction (the success is incomplete). The essay seeks to determine if there are differences between Democrats and Republicans as well as winners and losers in the strategies used by reporting the relative frequency of their use.
Axonal transport and metabolism of [3H]fucose- and [35S]- Sulfate-labeled macromolecules in the rat visual system

The axonal transport of labeled macromolecules in retinal ganglion cells of rats was investigated from 1 to 20 days following intraocular injection of [3H]fucose and [35S]sulfate. Maximal incorporation of [3H]fucose into acid insoluble material in the retina was at 8 h, followed by a biphasic decline. Transported [3H]fucose (98% as glycoprotein) was in the optic nerve at 1 h, the optic tract and lateral geniculate body by 2 h, and the superior colliculus by 3 h after injection, indicating a rate of transport of approximately 200 mm/day. Radioactivity continued to accumulate in the superior colliculus for at least 8 h and began to decline rapidly by 24 h. Between 3 and 6 days levels rose again in both optic tract and superior colliculus before starting a gradual decline, indicating that a wave of rapidly transported material was delayed in leaving the retina. When proteins in the superior colliculus were fractionated by gel electrophoresis, the composition of the two fucosylated protein transport phases could be partially resolved. Radioactivity in individual gel peaks represented primarily in the first phase decayed with an average half-life of one day, although that in one prominent protein of molecular weight 280,000 turned over with a half-life of the order of 12 h. Radioactive peaks primarily in the second phase decayed with an average half-life of more than a week. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into acid insoluble material in the retina was maximal at 1–2 h, after which there was a rapid loss of label. The appearance of [35S]sulfate in the optic tract, loateral geniculate body and superior colliculus preceded by a short time that of the [3H]fucose; indicating a shorter retinal processing time for this label. The total transported [35S]sulfate in the superior colliculus peaked by 4–8 h and had fallen by 65% at one day; no prominent second wave of transport was observed as was the case for [3H]fucose. Acid insoluble [35S]sulfate in the superior colliculus was equally divided between glycopeptides and glycosaminoglycans at all times examined, indicating that these macromolecules are transported at the same rate. [35S]Sulfate incorporated into various proteins fractionated by gel electrophoresis had heterogeneous turnover rates, the average being around 12 h. Radioactivity in one group of proteins, of molecular weight around 90,000, decayed with a half-life of only a few hours.
Lattice thermodynamics for aqueous salt–polymer two-phase systems

A lattice model is presented to compute salt-induced liquid–liquid phase separation in aqueous polymer solutions. The Gibbs energy of mixing contains an electrostatic contribution given by Pitzer's extension of the Debye–Huckel function, and the extended Flory–Huggins theory that uses empirical functions of temperature and composition as binary interaction parameters. Our Flory–Huggins theory assumes complete dissociation of salt into ions, but it does not distinguish between cation and anion; our theory represents the water–salt–polymer mixture as an incompressible ternary system consisting of water, ion, and polymer. In the extended Flory–Huggins theory, the binary interaction parameter between water and ion, and that between water and polymer, are obtained by correlating the observed activity of water in each of the two relevant binary systems. The electrostatic contribution does not contain adjustable parameters. We show that the electrostatic contribution to the Gibbs energy of mixing is responsible for inducing salt–polymer aqueous two-phase systems. Calculated phase diagrams are compared with experiment for aqueous solutions containing polyethylene glycol and a single salt at room temperature. The efficiency of a salt to form salt–polymer aqueous two-phase systems is discussed in terms of ion valence and the interaction parameter between ion and polymer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 2007–2017, 1998
The crystal structure of Mg2EDTA·9H2O

Abstract The crystal structure of Mg2EDTA·9H2O has been determined using 2102 independent reflections measured by a single crystal counter diffractometer (CuKα radiation). The general conclusions are similar to those of an independent determination using film data [2] but the present investigation is very much more accurate, and all the hydrogen atoms have been located. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbcn, with a = 11.617(1)A, b = 9.495(1)A, c = 19.238(2)A. The structure was refined to a conventional R of 0.048 and wR of 0.037. Standard deviations in bond distances are 0.002–0.003A for CC and CO bonds and 0.03–0.04A for CHand OH bonds. The structure consists of a cation, Mg(H2O)2+6, which is very close to regular octahedral geometry, and an anion, (MgEDTA OH2)2− in which the Mg atom is heptacoordinated by four O and 2 N atoms of the EDTA and one water molecule. The anion coordination sphere is close to pentagonal bipyramidal geometry and the details of the structure are discussed in comparison with other heptacoordinated EDTA complexes. One water molecule is not included in either the cation or the anion, and the whole structure is linked by a tight network of hydrogen bonds, utilizing every proton of the water molecules.
Pair-Relationship and Processing-Task Cues in Recall of Incidentally Learned Paired Associates

Summlny.-20 smdents found similarities or differences between 64 pairs of related and unrelated concrete nouns. Subjects' recall of the second member of each pair when cued with the first was significantly affected by processing depth and cuing condition. Cuing subjects with the pair and/or processing relationship of the cue word to the to-be-recalled word facilitated recall. The findings are seen as partially supportive of the encoding specificity principle.
Phase Separation in Nearly Symmetric Polymer Mixtures.

Through computer simulations we demonstrate that even small structural or energetic asymmetries can cause polymer blends characterized by bare Flory $\ensuremath{\chi}$ values of 0 to phase separate. We show that this result is a consequence of the coupling between packing effects and attractive interactions, an aspect that is ignored by most popular theories of polymer thermodynamics.
Implementation of a non-condensable model in relap5/mod3

Abstract Condensation in the presence of non-condensable gases plays an important role in the nuclear industry. The relap5/mod3 thermal hydraulic code was used to study the ability of the code to predict this phenomenon. Four separate effects experiments were simulated using this code. These were the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Pressurizer Experiment, the MIT Steam Condensation Experiment, the MIT Single Tube Experiment and the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) Steam Condensation Experiment. A new iterative approach to calculate the interface temperature and the degraded heat transfer coefficient was developed and implemented in the relap5/mod3 thermal hydraulic code. This model employs the heat and mass transfer analogy since it considers the sensible and condensation heat transfer simultaneously. This model was found to perform much better than the reduction factor approach. The calculations using the new model were found to be in better agreement with the experimental values.
Promoter methylation of DAP-kinase: association with advanced stage in non-small cell lung cancer

Death associated protein (DAP)-kinase is a 16 kDa calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase that carries a death domain at its C-terminus. DAP-kinase functions as a positive mediator of apoptosis that is induced by interferon-γ. Recent studies suggest that DAP-kinase is involved in tumor metastasis and that it can be inactivated by methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of the gene in some human tumors. However, little is known about the factors that are associated with the occurrence of DAP-kinase promoter methylation. We investigated both the possible associations of tobacco carcinogen and asbestos exposure with DAP-kinase promoter methylation, and the demographic and clinical factors associated with DAP-kinase promoter methylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One hundred and eighty-five patients diagnosed with NSCLC undergoing surgical resection from June, 1992 through December, 1996 at Massachusetts General Hospital participated in this study. Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), performed using fresh-frozen tissue, was used to determine the methylation status of the promoter region of the DAP-kinase gene. Forty-seven (25%) of 185 tumors showed DAP-kinase promoter methylation. There was a significant association between methylation and an advanced pathologic stage (P=0.003, Fisher's exact test). Methylation of the DAP-kinase promoter was also associated with an increase in tumor size (P=0.009, Fisher's exact test) and lymph node involvement (P=0.04). No association was found between promoter methylation of DAP-kinase and k-ras or p53 mutation. In addition there was no association with a history of exposure to tobacco or asbestos. Controlling for age, sex, and histology, the odds ratios describing the association of DAP-kinase hypermethylation with stage were 2.70 (1.13–6.45), 3.11 (1.37–7.08) and 7.77 (1.21–50.03) in stages II, III and IV, respectively. Stage I cases with DAP-kinase promoter methylation had worse overall survival, but with the small sample size and limited follow-up this did not reach statistical significance. Our findings suggest that methylation of the promoter region of the DAP-kinase gene is not associated with exposure to tobacco or asbestos. However, they strongly suggest that DAP-kinase may be important in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer from early to late stage disease.
Synthesis of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonyl-methyl-substituted polystyrenes and their application in solid phase peptide synthesis

Abstract 2-Hydroxyethylsulfonylmethyl-substituted polystyrenes are obtained from Merrifield's chloromethylated, cross-linked copolymer, by treatment with sodium 2-hydroxyethylmercaptide in liquid ammonia, followed by oxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Boc-amino acids can be esterified with the polymer, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dichloromethane. Further condensations are possible via conventional procedures. Protected peptide derivatives, thus prepared, can be detached from the resin by brief treatment with a base. A high elimination rate was observed when the cleavage was performed with a 0.1 M solution of sodium hydroxide containing methanol and a limited amount of water. In the absence of methanol only trace amounts of the product were liberated.
Fibrinolysis after acute ischemic stroke

Abstract Stroke is a thrombotic process in at least 80% of cases. The acute phase of stroke is characterized by brisk thrombin activity and relatively depressed fibrinolytic activity. The presence of inhibitors of plasminogen activation may play a role in this impairment of fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic activity rises slowly in the subacute phase after a stroke, but the contribution of specific activators and inhibitors during this time has not been delineated. These findings have important implications for the treatment of acute stroke. An important question remains as to whether all these changes are secondary to the stroke, or whether preexisting abnormalities of fibrinolysis contribute to the occurrence of a stroke. Large prospective epidemiologic studies using current techniques are necessary to determine whether fibrinolytic abnormalities are risk factors for stroke. [68] If this is so it would provide an important means of identifying patients at high risk for stroke. Further, it might eventually lead to new strategies of stroke prevention via augmentation of the fibrinolytic system.
Molecular Recognition of Neonicotinoid Insecticides: The Determinants of Life or Death

Until the mid-20th century, pest insect control in agriculture relied on largely inorganic and botanical insecticides, which were inadequate. Then, the remarkable insecticidal properties of several organochlorines, organophosphates, methylcarbamates, and pyrethroids were discovered, leading to an arsenal of synthetic organics. The effectiveness of these insecticides, however, diminished over time due to the emergence of resistant insect strains with less sensitive molecular targets in their nervous systems. This created a critical need for a new type of neuroactive insecticide with a different yet highly sensitive target. Nicotine in tobacco extract was for centuries the best available agent to prevent sucking insects from damaging crops, although this alkaloid was hazardous to people and not very effective. The search for unusual structures and optimization revealed a new class of potent insecticides, known as neonicotinoids, which are similar to nicotine in their structure and action as agonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Fortunately, neonicotinoids are much more toxic to insects than mammals due in large part to differences in their binding site interactions at the corresponding nAChRs. This Account discusses the progress that has been made in defining the structural basis of neonicotinoid and nicotinoid potency and selectivity. The findings are based on comparisons of two acetylcholine binding proteins (AChBPs) with distinct pharmacological profiles that serve as structural surrogates for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the nAChRs. Saltwater mollusk (Aplysia californica) AChBP has high neonicotinoid sensitivity, whereas freshwater snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) AChBP has low neonicotinoid and high nicotinoid sensitivities, pharmacologies reminiscent of insect and vertebrate nAChR subtypes, respectively. The ligand-receptor interactions for these AChBPs were established by photoaffinity labeling and X-ray crystallography. Both azidopyridinyl neonicotinoid and nicotinoid photoprobes bind in a single conformation with Aplysia AChBP; this is consistent with high-resolution crystal structures. Surprisingly, though, the electronegative nitro or cyano moiety of the neonicotinoid faced in a reversed orientation relative to the cationic nicotinoid functionality. For the Lymnaea AChBP, the azidoneonicotinoid probes modified two distinct and distant sites, while the azidonicotinoid probes, surprisingly, derivatized only one point. This meant that the neonicotinoids have two bound conformations in the vertebrate receptor model, which are completely inverted relative to each other, whereas nicotinoids appear buried in only one conserved conformation. Therefore, the unique binding conformations of nicotinic agonists in these insect and vertebrate receptor homologues define the basis for molecular recognition of neonicotinoid insecticides as the determinants of life or death.
X-ray observations of filament eruption in the 1980 May 21 flare

X-ray and H-alpha observations of an erupting filament and other observations of the associated flare on May 21, 1980 suggest that an erupting filament played a major role in the X-ray flare. While Antonucci et al. (1985) analyzed the May 21 flare as one of the best cases of chromospheric evaporation, the possible contribution from X-ray emitting erupting plasma has been ignored. It is that preheated plasma existed and may have contributed part of the blue-shifted X-ray emission observed in the Ca XIX line, which was formerly attributed solely to chromospheric evaporation. Thus it remains an open question - in two-ribbon flares in particular - just how important chromospheric evaporation is in flare dynamics.
Chronic digoxin treatment on canine myocardial Na+, K+ -ATPase.

In order to determine whether a prolonged inhibition of cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase causes a compensatory or adaptive change in this enzyme, the relationships among serum digoxin concentration, binding of digoxin to the enzyme and cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase and sodium pump activity were studied in dogs chronically treated with digoxin. Digoxin was injected intravenously twice daily up to 4 weeks. Two hours after the injection of a single non-toxic dose of digoxin, Na+, K+-ATPase and sodium pump activities were inhibited quantitatively in a manner corresponding to the binding of digoxin to the enzyme. The magnitude of sodium pump inhibition was reduced 12 h after the digoxin injection, with simultaneous decreases in serum digoxin concentration and the binding of digoxin to the enzyme. After 1 or 4 weeks of digoxin treatment with non-toxic doses, the relationships among serum digoxin concentration, binding of digoxin to cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase and the degree of cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase or sodium pump inhibition remained unchanged. The magnitude of the inhibition was related to serum digoxin concentrations and digoxin binding to cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase, in a manner similar to that observed after a single digoxin injection. After 4 weeks of digoxin treatment with toxic doses, these relationships were also unaffected. It was concluded that prolonged digoxin treatment fails to alter the inhibition of myocardial Na+, K+-ATPase by this agent.
Reducing Substance Use and HIV Health Disparities among Hispanic Youth in the USA: The Familias Unidas Program of Research

Preventing/reducing substance use and HIV among Hispanic youth is essential to eliminating the health disparities that exist between Hispanics and other segments of the population. The objective of this article is to describe a program of research involving Familias Unidas, a Hispanic-specific, parent-centered intervention, aimed at reducing substance use and HIV health disparities among Hispanic youth. This article will focus on the theoretical foundation of the intervention, the empirical research supporting the theoretical model, the intervention model itself, the findings of the program of research, and the translation of this intervention into community practice.
Changes in force by repeated stretches of skeletal muscle in young and old female Sprague Dawley rats

We examined whether the decline in isometric force and peak stretch force during repeated stretches of activated plantar flexor muscles was larger in old (24 months, N=5) compared with young (4 months, N=5) female Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty stretches were imposed on isometric contractions (stimulation time 1.9 s, rest periods 180 s) by ankle rotation from 90° to 40° at 50°.s-1. Even though muscle weights were similar [2094±54 (young) vs 2033±73 mg (old) (mean±SE)], the isometric force (IF) at 90° before stretch 1 and peak stretch force (PSF) at 40° for stretch 1 were lower in old rats [18.9±0.5 vs 15.5±1.4 N (p=0.024) and 25.8±1.3 vs 20.5±0.9 N (p=0.017)]. After the stretches, the IF deficit was similar [38.5±3.0% (young) vs 39.8±3.4% (old)] and did not recover after 1 hour of rest [35.1±4.1% (young) vs 36.9±4.3% (old)]. The decline in PSF was also similar [36.0±5.2% (young) vs 26.6±1.8% (old)]. Skeletal muscles of 24-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were weaker than 4-month-old rats but had similar susceptibility to develop IF deficits after stretches of activated muscles.
Effect of central metal ions on first hyperpolarizability of unsymmetrical metal porphyrins

Abstract We present a quantum-chemical analysis of the central metal ions effect on first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of push–pull porphyrins whose synthesis and NLO properties has been reported earlier [T.G. Zhang, Y. Zhao, I. Asselberghs, A. Persoons, K. Clays, M.J. Therien, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 9710]. The molecular geometries are obtained via B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level optimization including SCRF/PCM approach, while the dynamic NLO properties are calculated with the ZINDO/CV method including solvent effects. It has been observed that the first hyperpolarizabilities can be greatly enhanced by changing the central metal ions. It is found that the CT transition between the metal ion’s d orbital and the macrocycle π orbital plays an important role on first hyperpolarizability of metal porphyrins. Our data suggest a new approach to enhance nonlinear optical properties of porphyrin materials.
Effect of folic acid, 4-amino folic acids and related substances on growth of chick embryo.

SummaryThe “4-amino” pteroylglutamic acids profoundly inhibit the growth of the chick embryo, with the production of developmental abnormalities. These compounds are active in the range of 0.003 to 0.005 mg/egg, and their actions are not prevented by large doses of folic acid. The “4-amino” folic acids with aspartic acid, threonine and alanine substituted for the glutamic acid are considerably less toxic but produce similar toxicological effects. Other compounds allied to folic acid are relatively non-toxic and do not possess the growth-inhibitory activity of the “4-amino” compounds.2,6-diaminopurine, at LD30 doses, does not seem to be an active growth inhibitor, but it produces a pale embryo, presumably deficient in hemoglobin.
“Spot of child‐bed taint”: Seventeenth‐Century Obstetrics in Milton's Sonnet 23 and Paradise Lost 8.462–78

La culpabilite miltonienne dans le sonnet 23 et le reve sur la creation au Livre 8 de Paradise Lost s'explique par le contexte socio-historique de la chirurgie obstetrique et ses implications biographiques sur le deuil des deux premieres epouses du poete. Les rituels de purification (le mythe euripidien d'Alceste, la ceremonie des relevailles). Obstetrique et differenciation sexuelle dans l'imagerie biblique
Dynamic interplay between O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate: the sweet side of protein regulation.

Abstract β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant modification of cytosolic and nuclear proteins that occurs in metazoans. O-GlcNAc is dynamically processed by a unique set of enzymes that actively add and remove the modification. Functionally, O-GlcNAc appears to regulate protein stability, subcellular localization and protein–protein interactions. The modification often acts in a reciprocal manner to O-phosphate modifications of proteins and together they can synergistically control the activity of many cellular processes. Recently, O-GlcNAc has been demonstrated to play a significant role in diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration. For example, the increased levels of O-GlcNAc that occur in diabetes are associated with decreased insulin responsiveness in adipocytes.
We Can't All Be Obama: The Use of New Media in Modern Political Campaigns

For campaign consultants, the success of the Obama campaign and his utilization of new media technology have posed new conundrums. Candidates witnessed the media hype generated by Obama's techniques and have likely heard of the lower cost in some cases. As such, some candidates have asked consultants to move toward new media-based campaigns—in many cases an implausible request. This article examines two main questions: (1) whether candidates must choose between a tech savvy, youth-oriented strategy and a more traditional one and (2) what factors dictate this choice. Three case studies highlight different variables that potentially impact the ultimate success of local candidates relying on technology-based campaigns.
Vertical Rod Method for Electrospinning Polymer Fibers

Abstract Electrospinning is often used to produce sub-micron size fibers. Most electrospinning applications employ charged needles or nozzles but have low production rates. For higher production rates several needleless systems have been developed. This work reports on a simple unique needleless method that employs charged vertically oriented threaded rods for holding multiple drops to launch many simultaneous jets. Experiments were conducted with a single rod or multiple rods arranged in a linear array. The direction of the launched jets was controlled using a secondary electrode to direct the jets towards the grounded collector. Results show a single rod of about 50 cm in length can produce PVP fibers at a rate of 4.5 g/hr and 200–400 nm size range.
Membrane stabilization during freezing: The role of two natural cryoprotectants, trehalose and proline

The relative effectiveness of two natural cryoprotectants, proline and trehalose, in preserving membrane structure and function during freezing was studied. Isolated vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from lobster muscle (Homarus americanus) were employed to study changes in structure and function during rapid freeze-thaw conditions. Both proline and trehalose were shown to effectively preserve the structure (assessed with freeze fracture) and function (assessed by the ability of the membranes to transport calcium) in the frozen vesicles. As a first step toward determining the mechanism of cryoprotection by these compounds, we have investigated their effectiveness in inhibiting freezing induced fusion between phospholipid vesicles. Pamiltoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylserine (85:15 mole ratio) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) were made incorporating one of the following fluorescent probes, and energy donor, cholesteryl anthracene-9-carboxylate, or an energy acceptor, nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole phosphatidylethanolamine to investigate the amount of membrane mixing during rapid freeze-thaw cycles, and storage at -20 degrees C. Membrane mixing was measured as an energy transfer from donor to acceptor when donor vesicles and acceptor vesicles were mixed before a particular freezing treatment. Membrane mixing was correlated with structural changes in these membranes by freeze-fracture analysis. Both trehalose and proline were found to be more effective in preventing membrane mixing between SUVs than the standard protectants, glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide.
RENAL DUPLICATION AND FUSION ANOMALIES

Renal duplications and fusion anomalies in children often present challenging problems. The diagnostic evolution of these entities often consists of upper tract imaging to evaluate function and help diagnose obstruction, and lower tract imaging to assess reflux and at times voiding dynamics. The clinician needs to be aware of the variable presentations of these lesions, their evolution, and the therapeutic interventions that may be required to resolve problems resulting from them.
Feasibility and demonstration of a cloud-based RIID analysis system

Abstract A significant limitation in the operational utility of handheld and backpack radioisotope identifiers (RIIDs) is the inability of their onboard algorithms to accurately and reliably identify the isotopic sources of the measured gamma-ray energy spectrum. A possible solution is to move the spectral analysis computations to an external device, the cloud, where significantly greater capabilities are available. The implementation and demonstration of a prototype cloud-based RIID analysis system have shown this type of system to be feasible with currently available communication and computational technology. A system study has shown that the potential user community could derive significant benefits from an appropriately implemented cloud-based analysis system and has identified the design and operational characteristics required by the users and stakeholders for such a system. A general description of the hardware and software necessary to implement reliable cloud-based analysis, the value of the cloud expressed by the user community, and the aspects of the cloud implemented in the demonstrations are discussed.
View-Invariant Action Recognition from Point Triplets

We propose a new view-invariant measure for action recognition. For this purpose, we introduce the idea that the motion of an articulated body can be decomposed into rigid motions of planes defined by triplets of body points. Using the fact that the homography induced by the motion of a triplet of body points in two identical pose transitions reduces to the special case of a homology, we use the equality of two of its eigenvalues as a measure of the similarity of the pose transitions between two subjects, observed by different perspective cameras and from different viewpoints. Experimental results show that our method can accurately identify human pose transitions and actions even when they include dynamic timeline maps, and are obtained from totally different viewpoints with different unknown camera parameters.
Tips from Top Advertising Executives: Implications for Advertising Education:

As advertising degrees continue to grow in popularity, harmonizing the objectives of advertising educators with those of practitioners will grow in importance. A survey of top agency executives focused on two issues: factors contributing to their success and advice to students beginning their own careers. Implications for advertising educators are drawn.
Atmosphere of Callisto

During the Galileo flybys of Callisto in 1999, a CO_2 atmosphere and an ionosphere were detected. Using the Caltech/Jet Propulsion Laboratory one-dimensional KINETICS model, we have successfully simulated the observed electron density within a factor of 2, while satisfying the observational constraints on carbon and oxygen atoms. We conclude that photoionization of CO_2 alone is insufficient to produce the observed electron density. An atmosphere 20–100 times denser than the CO_2 atmosphere must be introduced, as suggested by Kliore et al. (2002). We show that an O_2-rich atmosphere is highly probable. However, the atomic oxygen produced from O_2 photodissociation is 2 orders of magnitude greater than the upper limit given by Strobel et al. (2002). The introduction of reactive hydrogen chemistry assuming a surface abundance of H_2O of ∼2 × 10^9 cm^(−3) (4 × 10^(−8) mbar) is required to reduce the excess atomic O abundance. The calculated atomic O column density is >5 × 10^(12) cm^(−2), which is about the observed upper limit, suggesting we should be able to detect O in the atmosphere of Callisto.
A crying baby: not simply infant colic

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a relatively common condition, but atypical presentations can present a diagnostic challenge. We describe the case of a 9-week-old Latin male infant who presented with a 2-day history of intermittent crying and poor feeding. He was suspected to have intussusception but was affected by and successfully treated for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Diagnostic tools of atypical HPS cases are discussed.
Towards a Scientific Impact Measuring Framework for Large Computing Facilities - a Case Study on XSEDE

We present a framework that (a) integrates publication and citation data retrieval, (b) allows scientific impact metrics generation at different aggregation levels, and (c) provides correlation analysis of impact metrics based on publication and citation data with resource allocation for a computing facility. Furthermore, we use this framework to conduct a scientific impact metrics evaluation of XSEDE. We carry out an extensive statistical analysis correlating XSEDE allocation size to the impact metrics aggregated by project and field of science. This analysis not only helps to provide an indication of XSEDE's scientific impact, but also provides insight regarding maximizing the return on investment in terms of allocation by taking into account the field of science or project based impact metrics. The findings from this analysis can be utilized by the XSEDE resource allocation committee to help assess and identify projects with higher scientific impact. It can also help provide metrics regarding the return on investment for XSEDE resources, or other institutional or campus resources for which an analysis of impact based on publications is important.
Practice parameter: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (An evidence-based review).

Neurology E. A. Oppenheimer Borasio, W. G. Bradley, M. B. Bromberg, B. R. Brooks, E. J. Kasarskis, T. L. Munsat and R. G. Miller, J. A. Rosenberg, D. F. Gelinas, H. Mitsumoto, D. Newman, R. Sufit, G. D. American Academy of Neurology evidence-based review): Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the Practice parameter: The care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (an This information is current as of August 7, 2006 http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/52/7/1311 the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on ISSN: 0028-3878. Online ISSN: 1526-632X. Print published continuously since 1951. Copyright © 1999 by AAN Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. Neurology is the official journal of AAN Enterprises, Inc. A bi-monthly publication, it has been
Approach to the management of rare clinical presentations of macroprolactinomas in reproductive-aged women.

Abstract Objective To describe 2 cases of macroprolactinomas with atypical presentation in women desiring pregnancy that illustrate important considerations in the management approach for macroprolactinomas in reproductive-aged women. Patient(s) Case 1 was a 26-year-old woman referred to our institution for possible tumor resection after pituitary apoplexy during her first pregnancy. Instead, she underwent treatment with cabergoline for a year with goals of normalization of prolactin and decrease in tumor size to Conclusion Management of macroprolactinomas in women desiring pregnancy requires careful consideration of alternatives to surgery which could impair pituitary function and fertility and awareness of treatment goals that can minimize the risks for pituitary apoplexy and vision loss during pregnancy. It is important to increase awareness of these options prior to initiation of treatment and conception.