cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Maximum of Multifractal Cascades: Exact Distribution and Approximations

We study the distribution of the maximum M of multifractal measures using discrete cascade representations. For such discrete cascades, the exact distribution of M can be found numerically. We evaluate the sensitivity of the distribution of M to simplifying approximations, including independence of the measure among the cascade tiles and replacement of the dressing factor by a random variable with the same distribution type as the cascade generator. We also examine how the distribution of M varies with the dimensionality of the support and the multiplicity of the cascade. Of these factors, dependence of the measure among different cascade tiles has the highest effect on the distribution of M. This effect comes mainly from long-range dependence. We use these findings to propose a simple approximation to the distribution of M and give charts to implement the approximation for beta-lognormal cascades.
Convergence of theU(1)4 lattice gauge theory to its continuum limit

It is shown that in four space-time dimensions the compactU(1) lattice gauge theory with general energy function converges to a renormalized free electromagnetic field on the current sector as the lattice spacing approaches zero, provided the coupling constant is sufficiently large. For the Wilson energy function, it is possible, by judicious choice of the Gibbs state, to get convergence for arbitrary coupling strengths. Furthermore, for all but a countable number of values of the coupling constant, the limit exists and is independent of the particular state chosen to define the lattice model.
Quantum and quasiclassical reactive scattering of O(1D)+HCl using an ab initio potential

We report quasiclassical trajectory and quantum wavepacket calculations for the reaction of O({sup 1}D)+HCl using a recent ab initio potential energy surface. The quantum calculations, done only for zero total angular momentum and HCl(v=j=0), agree well with corresponding trajectory results in terms of total reactivity and the ClO/OH branching ratio. Quasiclassical trajectory cross-sections to final vibrational states of the OH and ClO products, the ClO/OH branch.
Tetrodotoxin Detection by a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor in Pufferfish Matrices and Urine

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning is most commonly associated with consumption of pufferfish. TTX is a low molecular weight (~319 Da) neurotoxin that selectively blocks voltage-sensitive Na
Behavioral and cardiovascular responses to frustration during simulated driving tasks in young adults with and without attention disorder symptoms.

Objective:The present study examined the role of negative emotions on driving performance in relation to ADHD, by comparing young adults scoring high on measures of ADHD (n = 20) with a control gro...
Impact Of Satellite Motion On Optical Intersatellite Data Links: A System Simulation Approach

Impact of satellite motion on optical intersatellite data links:a system simulation approachManfred Wittig, Werner ReilandBattelle- Institut e.V.,Am Romerhof 35, D -6000 Frankfurt am Main 90AbstractDigital satellite communication links are usually characterized by transmission capaci-ty, link distance, bit error rate, availability and lifetime.For optical data links however an additional parameter, the burst error rate has tobe specified. The physical reason for occurence of burst errors lies in the requiredprecise mutual tracking of both satellite communication terminals.The influence of the statistical motion of both satellites around their nominalattitude on optical data link performance has been studied by computer simulations.Improvements achievable with forward error correcting coding are analysed.These simulation results are based on a Gaussian distribution of indenpendently vibra-ting satellites. Realistic values for simulation are obtained by multiplication with theFourier transform of complex transfer function of spacecraft motion.IntroductionSatellite communication systems are characterized by- their transmission capacity (bitrate, bandwidth B = k *bitrate, k< 1
Pooling choices or categories in multinomial logit models

The estimation of multinomial logit models today is routine. With this increased use has also come a need for testing. A test to determine whether choices can be combined is important. This paper presents a likelihood ratio test for combining choices in multinomial logit models. The use of the test is demonstrated with a simple example.
Framework for Consumer-Integrated Optimal Product Design

The need for rapid product design, resulting from time to market pressure, is accompanied by an increasing demand for product differentiation. In order to meet these demands, firms are seeking more efficient ways to integrate consumer’s input into the product design process. Furthermore, appropriate integration of consumer influence yields the tangible benefit of increased probability of product acceptance in the marketplace. The objective of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive framework that integrates consumer’s influence into the design space using a multiobjective optimization approach. We formulate the problem as a biobjective mixed-integer problem, for which the compromised solution is represented as a set of efficient points. A case study involving optimal design of an under eye cream product was used to illustrate the application of the framework.
Gingival Fluid and Serum in Periodontal Diseases: I. Quantitative Study of Immunoglobulins, Complement Components, and Other Plasma Proteins

1. Gingival fluid from severely inflamed periodontal tissue represents a 15 to 30% dilution of serum with respect to the proteins studied, with the exception of C3 and in some subjects, C4. 2. A marked decrease in C3 levels is found in most, if not all, gingival fluids, and a marked decrease of C4 levels is found in some gingival fluids. This suggests that complement might be activated during periodontal inflammation. 3. The concentrations of proteins in the gingival fluid are not related to their molecular weight.
Some Preliminary Results for Highway Noise Barrier Designs Based on Acoustic Band Gap Phenomenon

Noise is one of major annoyances in modern life. Studies have shown that the most pervasive sources of noise in our environment today are those associated with transportation, among which highway traffic noise is a dominant one. Traditional highway noise barriers are solid obstructions built along the sides of the highway, at an average cost of 1 million dollars per mile. In this paper, a new design was proposed, based on the phononic band gap phenomenon. The new design uses either a hollowed wall structure or an array of discrete columns in place of a solid wall. It is anticipated that such new designs will provide more effective noise shielding at the target frequency range, and yet reduces the structural requirement for the foundation support of the barrier wall. Preliminary simulation results are presented for a number of different configurations of the wall designs, and their relative advantages and shortcoming are compared.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Heat transfer in film-cooled turbulent boundary layers at different blowing ratios as affected by longitudinal vortices

Abstract Effects of embedded longitudinal vortices on heat transfer in film-cooled turbulent boundary layers at different blowing ratios are discussed. These results were obtained in boundary layers at free-stream velocities of 10 and 15 m/s. Film coolant was injected from a single row of holes at blowing ratios of 0.47–1.26. A single longitudinal vortex was induced upstream of the film-cooling holes using a half-delta wing attached to the wind tunnel floor. Heat transfer measurements were made downstream of injection using a constant heat flux surface with 126 thermocouples for surface temperature measurements. For all blowing ratios examined, the embedded vortices cause significant alterations to wall heat transfer and to film cooling distributions. Measurrments of mean temperatures and mean velocities in spanwise planes show that high wall heat transfer regions are associated with regions of high near-wall longitudinal velocity where very little film coolant is present. In addition to high heat transfer regions associated with the vortex downwash, there are also secondary heat transfer peaks. These secondary peaks develop due to shear layer mixing and interaction between the vortex and cooling jets and become higher in magnitude and more persistent with downstream distance as the blowing ratio increases from 0.47 to 1.26.
UV light exposure counseling and reality

Newsanchor. "Well, the days are getting warmer and that means it's swimsuit time. But not everyone is looking forward to fun in the sun. Barbie Highlights explains." Barbie: "Thanks, Biff. Although the lure of hitting the pools, beaches, and lakes is a considerable draw for much of the public, it's not without its downsides. Dr Blanch Pale is worried that people may be getting more than they bargain for when they engage in these outdoor activities." Cut to Dr Pale at her desk with numerous medical textbooks in the background. Barbie: "Dr Pale is a dermatologist who has practiced in the community for the past 12 years. Daily, she sees the effects of too much sun or artificial UV light in her patient population-premature aging, wrinkles, and sun spots not to mention the big problem, skin cancer." Dr Pale: "The amount of skin cancer and skin damage caused by UV light exposure continues to increase, not just in my practice but in the country at large. Certainly some of it is a result of the aging of the baby boomer generation, but much of it has to be attributed to unsafe sun practices and use of tanning beds." Barbie: "Dr Pale has specific recommendations for the public if they wish to avoid the need for her services." Dr Pale "The suggested ways to lessen a person's exposure to UV light have been advocated for some time and constitute the official recommendations put forth not just by the American Academy of Dermatology but by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Institutes of Health, and numerous other organizations. Probably the most important steps to take are staying out of tanning beds, avoiding being in the sun between 10 AM and 3 PM when the sun's rays are the strongest, and use of a good sunscreen. There are additional measures one can take, yada, yada, yada...."
Exploring Perceived Channel Price, Quality, and Value as Antecedents of Channel Choice and Usage in Multichannel Shopping

This study investigates consumer perceptions of price-quality-value based on shopping channel attributes as antecedents of channel choice and usage in multichannel shopping environments. Findings indicate that channel usage intention is directly influenced by consumer perceptions of channel value and indirectly by consumer perceptions of channel quality and channel price. Consumer perceptions of channel attributes most important to channel usage intention include utilitarian and hedonic value, service and merchandise quality, and monetary and non-monetary price. Managerial implications for retailers suggest a need for strategic management and differentiation of channel attributes to enhance channel value perceptions and increase channel usage intention.
Cloud-Trust—a Security Assessment Model for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Clouds

The vulnerability of cloud computing systems (CCSs) to advanced persistent threats (APTs) is a significant concern to government and industry. We present a cloud architecture reference model that incorporates a wide range of security controls and best practices, and a cloud security assessment model—Cloud-Trust—that estimates high level security metrics to quantify the degree of confidentiality and integrity offered by a CCS or cloud service provider (CSP). Cloud-Trust is used to assess the security level of four multi-tenant IaaS cloud architectures equipped with alternative cloud security controls. Results show the probability of CCS penetration (high value data compromise) is high if a minimal set of security controls are implemented. CCS penetration probability drops substantially if a cloud defense in depth security architecture is adopted that protects virtual machine (VM) images at rest, strengthens CSP and cloud tenant system administrator access controls, and which employs other network security controls to minimize cloud network surveillance and discovery of live VMs.
Option space exploration using distributed computing for efficient benchmarking of FPGA cryptographic modules

Benchmarking of digital designs targeting FPGAs is a time intensive and challenging process. Benchmarking results depend on a myriad of variables beyond the properties inherent to the designs being evaluated, encompassing the tools, tool options, FPGA families, and languages used. In this paper we will be discussing enhancements made to the ATHENa benchmarking tool to utilize distributed computing as well as option space exploration techniques to increase the efficiency of the pre-existing process. The capabilities of our environment are demonstrated using two example designs from the SHA-3 cryptographic hash function competition, BLAKE and JH.
Myxoma of the left atrium. Hemodynamic and phonocardiographic consequences of sudden tumor movement.

Two patients with myxoma of the left atrium were studied by left heart catheterization and cineangiography, and the diagnosis was confirmed at operation in both cases. An electrocardiographic timing signal on the cineradiographs permitted correlation of heart sounds and pressure waves with movement of the tumor between the left atrium and the left ventricle. In early systole, the tumor suddenly moved from the left ventricle to the left atrium, and a notch in the rising left ventricular pressure, a prominent c wave, and loud, late elements of the first sound were noted. In early diastole, the tumor moved rapidly through the mitral valve, causing an abrupt diminution in the left atrial volume, thus causing a rapid y descent despite severe obstruction of the mitral valve. An early diastolic sound, thought to be an opening snap, appeared to be related to the checking of the tumor in the left ventricle ("tumor plop"). The unusual left atrial pressure pulse seen in these two cases resembles data from other case...
A pilot study of voluntary control of transcutaneous PO2 by children: a brief communication.

Abstract This pilot study took place to determine whether or not children could voluntarily change tissue oxygen as measured by a transcutaneous oxygen monitor. It tested 2 hypotheses; (a) children can voluntarily change tissue oxygen as reflected by a transcutaneous oxygen monitor and (b) children, experienced in use of self-hypnosis exercises, will be able to change tissue oxygen to a greater degree than children unfamiliar with such exercises. 11 children between the ages of 7 and 17 years were studied. 8 children were previously experienced in the use of self-hypnosis; 3 were not. A Novametrix transcutaneous O2/CO2, monitoring system provided a constant read-out of PO2, PCO2, and local perfusion. After stabilization, children were asked to attempt increases of oxygen. 9 children increased tissue oxygen significantly. Of those, 8 children had previous self-hypnosis training; 1 had not. Only 2 children with no previous self-hypnosis training were unable to change oxygen values. This pilot study upholds ...
Trade liberalization and the inter-industry wage premia: the missingf role of productivity

The literature concerning the effect of tariffs on the inter-industry wage premium has not addressed the role of total factor productivity (TFP) in determining both the wage premium and tariffs. This omission not only overlooks an important determinant of wage premium but also invalidates the use of the pre-reform tariff level as an instrument for the change in tariffs. Based on an analysis of Colombian data, I find that including TFP in the estimated model of the effects of tariffs on the wage premium leads to a 41% decrease in the effect of tariffs on the inter-industry wage premium relative to the model that omits TFP. More specifically, a 10 percentage point decrease in tariffs reduces the wage premium by 1.01%, whereas a 10% increase in TFP raise wage premium by 1.6%. This finding suggests the importance of using policies that boost productivity to offset the effect of tariffs on the wage premium.
Body language, security and e‐commerce

Security is becoming an increasingly more important concern both at the desktop level and at the network level. This article discusses several approaches to authenticating individuals through the use of biometric devices. While libraries might not implement such devices, they may appear in the near future of desktop computing, particularly for access to institutional computers or for access to sensitive information. Other approaches to computer security focus on protecting the contents of electronic transmissions and verification of individual users. After a brief overview of encryption technologies, the article examines public‐key cryptography which is getting a lot of attention in the business world in what is called public key infrastructure. It also examines other efforts, such as IBM’s Cryptolope, the Secure Sockets Layer of Web browsers, and Digital Certificates and Signatures. Secure electronic transmissions are an important condition for conducting business on the Net. These business transactions are not limited to purchase orders, invoices, and contracts. This could become an important tool for information vendors and publishers to control access to the electronic resources they license. As license negotiators and contract administrators, librarians need to be aware of what is happening in these new technologies and the impact that will have on their operations.
Farmer Response to Modified Crop Insurance: A Case Study of Corn in Indiana

This study examines the potential effects on crop insurance of more detailed yield risk classifications combined with alternative premium-setting techniques, and higher yield guarantees combined with coinsurance. Corn producers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, were surveyed for their responses to these changes. Response to area yield insurance is also evaluated. The modified MPCI program, area yield insurance, and two types of disaster payment programs are also compared in terms of their costs and coverage.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Trifolium: Protein Profiles Associated with High-and Low-Frequency Regeneration

Summary A one-step regeneration system was developed for Trifolium rubens and Trifolium pratense using petiole segments of shoot cultured in vitro . Isogenic cell lines of T . rubens showing high- or low-frequency somatic embryogenesis (18 and 0.2 embryos per explant respectively) were isolated from a single seedling genotype by successive cycles of selection and subculture. Variation in the frequency of embryogenesis apparently arose by somaclonal variation in callus cultures, and in basal callus regions of shoot cultures. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the polypeptide translational profiles of cultured petioles from T. rubens isolines were examined over a 20-day interval covering the induction period for somatic embryogenesis. Two different genotypes of T. pratense , showing high frequency or zero somatic embryogenesis in the same culture system, were also included in the protein analysis. Two polypeptides exhibiting appropriate behavior for association with somatic embryogenesis were detected in the three regenerating lines. These same two components were also detected in the non-regenerating T. pratense genotype. In this latter genotype, however, they were found to exhibit a translational pattern different from that expected of proteins involved in somatic embryogenesis.
The hemodynamic response in children with Simplex Autism.

Background Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of the brain-bases of autism have demonstrated altered cortical responses in subjects with autism, relative to typical subjects, during a variety of tasks. These differences may reflect altered neuronal responses or altered hemodynamic response. This study searches for evidence of hemodynamic response differences by using a simple visual stimulus and elementary motor actions, which should elicit similar neuronal responses in patients and controls.
Content Analysis as a Method to Assess Online Discussions for Learning

One of the challenges for instructors in online education is to create learning opportunities through online text-based discourse. The goal of this study was to examine the use of content analysis to better understand graduate students’ learning in online discussions. The discussion transcripts of a hybrid graduate course were analyzed to determine levels and frequencies of learning or cognitive presence. The analysis of the online discussions was guided by social constructivist rationale, and includes descriptive statistics and inter-rater reliability measurements. Findings show that cognitive presence levels were concentrated in categories marked for exploration and integration. Non-cognitive messages resulted in the highest frequencies of discussion messages, demonstrating indications of social presence and teaching presence. Training was found to be a key factor in resolving coding inconsistencies to improve the reliability of the content analysis. The processes of content analysis applied in this study to evaluate learning in online discussions provided useful information for the development and study of online discussions for learning.
Safety and stability of laser in situ keratomileusis for myopic correction performed under thin flaps.

Abstract Background: To determine the safety and long-term refractive stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed under thin flaps ( 110 μm). Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 120 myopic eyes of 68 patients who underwent LASIK performed with the use of the Moria M2 microkeratome and the Technolas Keracor 117C excimer laser. Indicators of efficacy, predictability, and long-term stability were followed for I year after surgery and were compared among 3 groups of patients that varied according to the flap thickness used: thin ( n = 29), medium (111–139 gmm, n = 47) and thick (>140 μm, n = 44). Results: One year after myopic LASIK, the mean spherical equivalent refraction for the thin-flap group A was −0.37 (standard deviation [SD] 0.44) diopters (D); medium-flap group B was -0.48 (SD 0.55) D; and thick-flap group C was −0.43 (SD 0.45) D.The percentage of eyes with spherical equivalent refraction within SD 0.50 D and SD I.00 D of emetropia was 84% and 92% for group A, 82% and 9I% for group B, and 79% and 90% for group C, respectively. Buttonholes were encountered in 3% of eyes in group A compared with 0% in the other 2 groups. Epithelial ingrowth and peripheral flap striae occurred in 7% and 7% in group A, 2% and 2% in group B, and 2% and 0% in group C, respectively. Interpretation: Thin-flap LASIK ( II0 um). However, if a thin flap is created and there are no complications, or if the complications are successfully managed, there does not appear to be any difference in the long-term refractive results.
Cervical subarachnoid catheter placement for continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage: a safe and efficacious alternative to the classic lumbar cistern drain.

BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage serves an important role in the management of patients with established or potential CSF fistulae. Classically, a lumbar CSF drain has been used for this purpose and has been shown to be safe and effective. In certain cases, such as extensive previous lumbar surgery, a lumbar drain cannot be used. In such instances, a cervical CSF drain can be inserted via a lateral C1-2 puncture and provides an excellent and safe alternative. OBJECTIVE: To describe the technique, safety, and effectiveness of placing a cervical drain for CSF drainage. Pitfalls and possible complications and their avoidance are also discussed. METHODS: Twenty-seven cervical drains were placed in 24 patients with a mean age of 56.1 years (range, 19-82 years). There were 13 women and 11 men. All cervical drains were placed via a lateral C1-2 puncture under direct fluoroscopic vision. A standard Hermetic closed-tip lumbar catheter was used in all cases. The drains were in place for an average of 5.96 days (range, 3-11 days). CSF surveillance was performed on the day of placement as well as every 48 hours that the drain was in place. RESULTS: Cervical drain placement was achieved in all cases, allowing for continuous CSF drainage. No permanent procedural complications occurred. There were no instances of meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of a cervical intrathecal catheter for CSF drainage is a safe and effective alternative when lumbar access is contraindicated or not achievable.
Rasch analysis of the postconcussive symptom questionnaire: measuring the core construct of brain injury symptomatology.

The Postconcussive Symptom Questionnaire (PCSQ; Lees-Haley, 1992) is purported to measure four constructs. These include psychological, cognitive, somatic, and infrequency (i.e., items intended to reflect negative impression management) symptoms. The utility and validity of Postconcussive Syndrome (PCS) as a diagnostic condition continues to be debated. To this end, examining the instruments used to measure postconcussive symptoms can increase our understanding with respect to this issue. The aim of this study was to derive a revised PCSQ to target the core construct of subjective symptoms reported by persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 133 people with mild to severe TBI completed the 45-item PCSQ. Items were scored dichotomously, as symptom present or absent. Rasch analysis, based on the mathematical model formulated by Rasch (1960), was used to derive the revised PCSQ. Misfitting and redundant items were removed and a second model containing 19 items was fitted. The revised PCSQ-19 had...
Growth hormone and the refractoriness of the prepubertal activity system to estradiol in the rat

The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and the inability of estradiol to stimulate running in immature rats was studied using 30 females. Animals were hypophysectomized and ovariectomized at 21 days of age. Starting on Day 25, the females received either 10 micrograms estradiol benzoate (EB) and isotonic saline or 10 micrograms EB and 1 mg bovine GH. The rats administered EB displayed advanced adult running; the females given EB and GH showed prolonged juvenile activity. The results demonstrate that GH contributes to the refractoriness of the prepubertal activity system to estradiol. Estrogen was also found to produce a weight loss and precocious vaginal canalization.
EFFECTS OF RELAXATION AND AVERSIVE VISUAL STIMULATION ON DARK FOCUS ACCOMMODATION

There is evidence that sympathetic innervation induces decreases in accommodation or accommodation amplitude. If so, emotional stress that produces sympathetic activation should induce similar changes in accommodation. In two experiments, dark focus accommodation was assessed following deep relaxation and after subjects looked at gruesome slides. RESULTS showed that stress exposure led to lower dark focus values than did relaxation. Further, the degree to which dark focus was affected depended on subjects' levels of perceived arousal, and on the degree of stressfulness represented by the slides. It was concluded that psychological stress can produce predictable changes in accommodation, changes most parsimoniously understood in terms of autonomic innervation of the ciliary body. Language: en
Photodetectors and photodetector arrays for optical processing

Photodetector arrays and architectures for optical processing, including acousto-optical (AO) signal processing applications such as spectrum analysis, for which the demands on photodetector arrays are substantially greater than for typical image sensing applications, are discussed. Critical parameters of AO photodetector arrays such as high dynamic range, high sensitivity, high speed, and low crosstalk are noted. The current status of and future needs for detector arrays for AO signal processing are presented. Nonconventional detector structures and concepts that have potential for future AO optical signal processing use are noted.
Minimalism is functionalism

Abstract Noam Chomsky’s most recent research paradigm, the Minimalist Program (MP), overtly proclaims continuity with earlier phases of transformational-generative linguistics. Despite its (limited) use of terminology from these earlier phases and its continued focus on many of the same issues with which Chomsky and his followers have always been concerned, at a conceptual level MP represents a dramatic break with earlier generative theories. MP adopts many of the assumptions and goals of the linguistic research projects that emerged before, alongside, and contrary to Chomsky’s own, the ones which have come in the linguistic literature to be called functionalism. While this shift has had significant consequences in linguistics, in part driving convergences between functionalist and formalist approaches, its consequences have yet to be fully realized in fields like philosophy and cognitive science that have based many foundational assumptions on just those aspects of generativism now challenged by Chomsky’s own theory.
Complex-amplitude noise characteristics of analog liquid crystal spatial light modulators

A simple complex-amplitude model is developed and used to establish the behavior of amplitude an polarization state noise. A simple experiment based upon this model shows that the dominate source of noise in a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell results from polarization state fluctuations. A Stokes polarimeter is described and then used to measure the polarization state dynamics of a commercially available liquid crystal modulator.
Obstetrician-gynecologists as primary care physicians: the perspectives of health maintenance organization medical directors and obstetrician-gynecologists.

Objective: To survey the interest of obstetrician-gynecologists in serving as primary care physicians and their perceived preparedness for that role from the view points of managed care plans and obstetrician-gynecologists. Methods: A sample of obstetrician-gynecologists was asked to describe their preferred physician roles in managed care plans. Managed care medical directors were asked to define the obstetrician-gynecologist's role in their health plans. The mailed survey questions focused on 1) obstetrician-gynecologists' interest in serving as primary care physicians and/or gatekeepers, 2) direct access to obstetrician-gynecologists, and 3) additional training needed to serve as primary care physicians. Results: Thirty-seven percent of obstetrician-gynecologists expressed little or no interest in serving as primary care physicians, and 37% had some or high interest. Fifty-six percent were not interested in serving as gatekeepers, and 45% believed that physicians in the specialty should not do so. Almost all believed women should be allowed direct access to obstetrician-gynecologists. Over half of the managed care plans allowed women to refer themselves to obstetrician-gynecologists, and one-third allowed these physicians to serve as primary care gatekeepers. Most plans believed that extensive additional training is needed for obstetrician-gynecologists to serve as gatekeepers, whereas 70% of specialists believed that little or no additional training is needed. Conclusion: Obstetrician-gynecologists do not all agree on their appropriate and preferred role as physicians in the managed care environment; 37% see themselves as primary care physicians, whereas 37% would rather act as consultative specialists. Nearly all, however, support direct access to obstetrician-gynecologists. Most (69.7%) believe that they are capable of serving as primary care gatekeepers with little or no additional training, but managed care plans believe otherwise.
Fanconi anemia. Oxymetholone hepatic tumors, and chromosome aberrations associated with leukemic transition

Jaundice and hepatomegaly developed in a boy with Fanconi anemia after he had undergone treatment with oxymetholone for nine years. A liver scan showed patchy uptake consistent with the presence of space-occupying lesions. After oxymetholone treatment was stopped, the jaundice resolved, the liver size decreased, and the filling defects were no longer detectable on the liver scan. A year later, 5% of his white blood cells showed a consistent chromosomal abnormality. His leukocyte count increased and 85% of these cells showed the same chromosomal abnormality. The rapid replication of this abnormal clone suggests that it was leukemic. The significance of oxymetholone therapy and the occurrence of hepatic tumors and leukemia is discussed.
The Politics and economics of revenue growth: A cross–national analysis

Despite considerable interest in comparative fiscal policy in general, and the high salience of tax policy and tax reform in the industrialized democracies, there are relatively few cross-national studies of the economic and political correlates of revenues over time. We undertake a cross-national time series study of revenue growth in fourteen OECD countries between 1958 and 1990. We test a number of political and economic hypotheses about revenue change, including political business cycle, ‘fiscal illusion’, elasticity, and ideological theories. For the 1958–1990 period, we find that all countries, regardless of revenue structure, experience higher real revenue growth as a result of inflation, but that revenue growth is more responsive to unemployment in countries that rely more on direct taxes compared to countries with less direct-tax reliance. We find that this effect is most pronounced in the post-1972 period. We also find that revenue tends to increase in the years following elections, consistent with the idea that governments try to minimize the political fallout from tax increases by separating them as much as possible from election campaign periods; this effect, too, is most pronounced in the post-1972 period. We find no support for ‘fiscal illusion’ and ideological theories of revenue growth.
Mitochondrial DNA of the Mauritian macaques (Macaca fascicularis): An example of the founder effect

Macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were introduced to the island of Mauritius approximately 400 years ago. This study compares the mitochondrial DNA of macaques on Mauritius with those from Indonesia and the Philippines. The goal is to measure the amount of evolutionary change that has occurred in this isolated population over 400 years, and to address questions regarding the origin of the Mauritian founders. Amplification of the control region of the mitochondrial genome via the polymerase chain reaction yielded an 1800 base pair DNA fragment which was surveyed for variation using restriction endonucleases. Fifty-two macaques were separated into 17 haplotypes by mapping the restriction sites. No haplotypes were shared among the three populations, and only two closely related haplotypes appeared in the Mauritian sample. Nucleotide variation in the mitochondrial DNA in the Mauritian sample was 10-fold less than the Indonesian and Filipino samples. In contrast, allozyme data estimates of genetic diversity on Mauritius are similar to populations from the ancestral range. The evidence of the more severe bottleneck as measured by mitochondrial data may be explained in part by almost exclusive male dispersal in this species, and may support models of founder events in which rapid population growth prevents substantial loss of nuclear variation. The mitochondrial evidence supports the morphologically and historically based hypothesis that the original founders came from Indonesia. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estimating sound source distance with and without vision.

ABSTRACT:Background.Visual capture is an important perceptual phenomenon in which the spatial location of a visual target influences the perceived location of a related auditory target. Little is known about visual capture in a distance dimension.Methods.Two groups of listeners judged the apparent d
Prequalification of Steel Moment-Frame Connection Performance

Abstract Welded-flange/bolted-web connections were damaged during the Northridge earthquake, and the SAC Steel Project was funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to find solutions to the problems caused by this damage. The Connection Performance Technical Advisory Panel was one of several groups completing the project research, and this group examined all connection performance issues. Many connections were evaluated, and some were prequalified for future use without detailed testing or evaluation. This prequalification criteria and the methods used to satisfy the criteria are described. Some connections that satisfy the prequalification criteria are summarized and the general basis for the prequalification limits are noted. Prequalification requires an adequate experimental database for understanding and evaluating all yield mechanisms and failure modes for each connection type. The concept of the yield mechanisms and failure modes, and the application of the experimental data toward meeting t...
Towards the memory capacity of neurons with active dendrites

Active dendrites can be viewed as linear classi"ers augmented by a few second-order product terms representing multiplicative synaptic interactions [4]. To quantify the degree to which local synaptic interactions could augment the memory capacity of a neuron, we have studied the family of ‘subsampled quadratica (SQ) classi"ers. Each SQ classi"er is a linear classi"er augmented by a subset k of the K"O(d2) second-order product terms available in d dimensions. Using a randomized classi"cation task, we show that the error rate of an SQ classi"er depends only on: (1) the product term ratio p"k/K, which identi"es a family of isomorphic classi"ers, and (2) the number of bits contained in the SQ classi"er’s speci"cation. Finally, we quantify the increase in memory capacity of any SQ classi"er relative to its linear counterpart. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Beam decelerations with variable momentum compaction in the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator

Abstract For the study of charmonium resonances above and including the χc0, Fermilab experiment E-835 required an intense and stochastically cooled antiproton beam with kinetic energies from 8 GeV (the injection energy of the Accumulator) down to 4 GeV . We developed a scheme in which the momentum compaction factor of the machine was changed as the antiprotons were decelerated, so that the energies of interest to the experiment were kept above transition. The scheme was used during the E-835 10-month run of the year 2000. Here we describe the design criteria, operational procedures and diagnostic tools we used to exploit the machine as an efficient antiproton decelerator. The machine performance during data taking is also discussed, in relation to the main experimental requirements.
When Accreditation Standards Change: Factors Affecting Differential Responsiveness of Public and Private Organizations

We examine how technical and institutional factors affect the responsiveness of public and private organizations to a change in accreditation standards. We found that market niche and ties to an ac...
Seasonal agricultural land use patterns in China's Pearl River Delta from multi-date landsat images

Landsat images of the Pearl River delta region of SE China were interpreted manually in combination with other data sources to identify, measure and to map agricultural land use in a 25,775 km2 study area during three growing seasons of 1978. Areal measurements for different land uses were compiled. Paddy lands, which accounted for 6,340 km2, were evaluated and classified on the basis of quality, yield and production. Rice production for the study area was then estimated at 5.9 million metric tons based on average yields for the different grades of paddy land.
AlignMR: mass spectrometry peak alignment using Hadoop MapReduce

Proteomics is the study of the structure and behavior of proteins, and one of the primary approaches to protein identification and quantification is through the analysis of Mass Spectrometry (MS) data. This analysis typically involves a series of different computational steps, and the Purdue University Bindley Bioscience Center employs a computational workflow system, the Omics Discovery Pipeline (ODP), to assist in its analysis of MS data. One of the ODP's stages entails aligning the peaks in the MS data across multiple subjects, and due to the large number of subjects that may be used in a study and the large number of peaks found in each subject's corresponding MS data, the alignment step qualifies as a data intensive computation. This research focuses on using Apache Hadoop MapReduce to align the processed MS data in a computationally faster manner than the serial approach currently used in the ODP.
Moving toward inclusion by narrowing the gap between early childhood professionals

This article investigates the relationship between early childhood education and early childhood special education in terms of inclusion by providing evidence that there is a gap between the two professions in the inclusion process, discussing the possible reasons for and consequences of this gap, and evaluating the progress that is being made to eliminate the gap. If we are to includeall young children in programs, we need to includeall educators in the discussion, planning, and implementation of the programs.
Three-body correlations in liquid 4 He

We report results of variational calculations of liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ with wave functions containing optimized two-body and three-body correlations. The hypernetted-chain (HNC) summation method is used, and the elementary and Abe diagrams are calculated with the scaling approximation. Comparisons with the existing Monte Carlo calculations suggest that this HNC-scaling method is almost exact. The logarithm of the three-body correlation of ${f}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$ contains terms having ${P}_{l}({\stackrel{^}{r}}_{\mathrm{ij}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{^}{r}}_{\mathrm{ik}})$, $l=0, 1, \mathrm{and} 2$. As expected on theoretical grounds, the $l=1$ term of $\mathrm{ln}{f}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$ dominates, while the $l=0 \mathrm{and} 2$ terms give rather small changes in the binding energy. The ${f}_{\mathrm{ijk}}$ makes up \ensuremath{\sim}85% of the difference between the Jastrow and presumably exact Green's-function Monte Carlo (GFMC) energies. The best variational energies obtained with the HFDHE2 potential of Aziz et al. are within (2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1)% of the GFMC and experimental results. The liquid structure function $S(k)$ is also well explained by the variational wave function.
Immunology: The expanding T(H)2 universe.

TH2 growth factors, which are involved in allergy and in defence against parasites, are produced by many different cell types, including a newly identified population found in fat-associated lymph clusters in the abdomen.
The Role of Rural Variability in Urban Heat Island Determination for Phoenix, Arizona

Abstract The effect of rural variability in calculating the urban heat island effect for Phoenix, Arizona, was examined. A dense network of temperature and humidity sensors was deployed across different land uses on an agricultural farm southeast of Phoenix for a 10-day period in April 2002. Temperature data from these sensors were compared with data from Sky Harbor Airport in Phoenix (an urban station) to assess the urban heat island effect using different rural baselines. The smallest and largest temperature differences between locations on the farm at a given time were 0.8° and 5.4°C, respectively. A t test revealed significant temperature differences between stations on the farm over the entire study period. Depending on the choice of rural baselines, the average and maximum urban heat island effects ranged from 9.4° to 12.9°C and from 10.7° to 14.6°C, respectively. Comparison of land cover types of the agricultural farm and land cover percentages in the Phoenix urban fringe was performed with satelli...
Atrial contribution to ventricular function in the transplanted human heart--noninvasive demonstration by systolic time intervals.

Many studies, both research and clinical, have shown augmentation of ventricular function by a properly timed, preceding atrial contraction. This report concerns the noninvasive demonstration of this phenomenon in the human transplanted heart.
Using the solubility parameter to explain disperse dye sorption on polylactide

The solubility parameters of polylactide (PLA), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and various disperse dyes calculated according to the group contribution method were used to explain the low sorption of some disperse dyes on PLA but the high sorption of the same dyes on PET. It was found that the dyes with high sorption on PLA tended to have solubility parameters near that of PLA, which has a lower solubility parameter than that of PET. It was also found that the solubility parameter, which was calculated based on cohesive energy and molar volume at 25°C, was more appropriate for explaining dyeings at lower temperature, 100 and 110°C, than those at higher temperature, 130°C. Based on the finding that dyes with solubility parameters near that of PLA tend to have high sorption on PLA, general structures for disperse dye that may have high sorption on PLA were proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 416–422, 2005
Liberty and Equality: How Politics Masquerades as Philosophy

It is my intention in this paper to highlight the dangers which arise when people appeal to moral intuitions to settle questions in political, and in general in applied, philosophy. But first I want to ask why all or nearly all of us are in favour both of liberty and of equality – why all our intuitions are on their side. In the case of liberty it is easy to understand why. Although philosophers have held diverse theories about the concept of liberty – theories which have been drawn together into two main groups in a famous lecture by Sir Isaiah Berlin – there cannot be much doubt that in the mind of the ordinary man to have liberty (to be free; I shall not distinguish between freedom and liberty) is to be under no constraint in doing what one wants to do. This, at any rate, is a main constituent of the concept of liberty as all of us understand it. Since, therefore, it seems self-evidently true that we want to be able to do what we want, we are bound to want liberty and, in general, to be in favour of it. We want it for ourselves; if we universalize our prescriptions, this constrains us to be in favour of it for others as well. That explains why, if any politician can claim that he is fighting for liberty, he is likely to win a large following. In the case of equality the matter is not so clear cut.
Retinoschisis and hyperopia associated with partial monosomy of 6q and partial trisomy of 11q.

ABSTRACTBackground: Retinoschisis, or retinal lamellar splitting, can occur in a number of hereditary conditions. The most common cause of congenital or childhood onset retinoschisis is the clinical entity known as juvenile retinoschsis, which is caused by mutations in the X-linked retinoschisis 1 gene. Genes other than X-linked retinoschisis 1 gene have rarely been implicated in association with hereditary retinoschisis.Methods: We describe a 9-year-old male who presented with several phenotypic features associated with partial monosomy of chromosome 6q and partial trisomy of chromosome 11q, including myelomeningocele, mental and growth retardation, seizures, microcephaly, scoliosis, and facial dysmorphisms, as well as novel ocular findings including bilateral retinoschisis and hyperopia.Results: This case report highlights the necessity for a detailed ophthalmic examination of patients with both 6q deletions as well as 11q duplications to ensure accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of the complic...