cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motoric and ideational dimensions: a study of personality styles among prison inmates.

Summary.-Two preceding investigations in this series studied the ideational and motoric dimensions separately. The current study dealt with the motoricideational interactions and the four derived expressive styles. It was hypothesized that Ss more highly developed in both the ideational and motoric spheres (HIHM) should show the least emotional, social, and interpersonal disturbance of the four stylistic groups while those low in both (LILM) should show the greatest dismrbance. Those high in ideational but low in motoric (HILM) should rank second to the HIHM stylistic group in social and interpersonal effectiveness while the lorn ideational, high motoric (LIHM) should be more effective than the LILM but less than both the HIHM and HILM styles. Ss for the quadrants were drawn from a total sample of 971 prison inmates. The instrument used for measurement and classi€ication of the mocoric-ideational styles was the MIAPS. The hypotheses for the most part were confirmed, the exception being that LIHM showed the poorest adaptiveness and effectiveness in a number of measures. Characteristics of these stylistic groups in relation to vocational preference and intellectual and academic achievement were also presented. These results were discussed in relauon to theoretical formulations as well as empirical findings from ocher studies pertaining to the ideational and motoric dimensions. In a previous report (Stein, 1967) ideational activity interest as a psychological dimension was explored in relation to various psychological, social and vocational variables among prison inmates. It was found that high ideational compared to low ideational Ss were less disturbed emotionally, displayed greater social and interpersonal adaptiveness, were seemingly more mature and intelligent and preferred occupations requiring more thinking. The ideational dimension, therefore, showed predictive utility. In a second but unpublished snldy in this series with prisonerihhe motoric dimension was examined i~ the same fashion with the same variables as was the ideational dimension. High and low scorers on the motoric scale of the MotoricIdeational Activity Preference Scale (MIAPS; Stein & Craik, 1965) were selected from a large samp:e of newly admitted prison inmates. Whereas the high ideational Ss were focnd to be emotionally less disturbed and psychologically more resilient than the low ideational sample, no such clear-cut distinction oc'This study was partially supported by Public Health Research Grant MH 08565, from the National Instimte of Mectal Health. The author wishes to acknowledne the permission and the cooperation of :he California Deparunent of Corrections in This sn;dy and the following individuals particularly: Ray Fowler, Douglas Grant and Joan Have1 Grant. Statistical assistance was rendered by Chen-Lin Chu, Joseph Heller, and Donald Wood. 'Stein, K. B. The motoric dimension among prisoners. University of California, Berkeley, 1967. (Unpublished data)
Valdecoxib pharmacokinetics in human cerebrospinal fluid

INTRODUCTION Surgical trauma results in increased expression of COX-2 in both the peripheral and central nervous system (1). COX-2 inhibitors that better penetrate the blood-brain barrier are potentially better analgesics by preventing the development of central sensitization (2). The rate of penetration from blood to CSF should be considered as an important determining factor in elucidating the optimal timing for pre-emptive analgesia. The goal of this study was to assess the time and degree of penetration of valdecoxib into the CSF.
Detecting drug interactions from adverse-event reports: interaction between paroxetine and pravastatin increases blood glucose levels

The lipid-lowering agent pravastatin and the antidepressant paroxetine are among the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. Unexpected interactions between them could have important public health implications. We mined the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) for side-effect profiles involving glucose homeostasis and found a surprisingly strong signal for comedication with pravastatin and paroxetine. We retrospectively evaluated changes in blood glucose in 104 patients with diabetes and 135 without diabetes who had received comedication with these two drugs, using data in electronic medical record (EMR) systems of three geographically distinct sites. We assessed the mean random blood glucose levels before and after treatment with the drugs. We found that pravastatin and paroxetine, when administered together, had a synergistic effect on blood glucose. The average increase was 19 mg/dl (1.0 mmol/l) overall, and in those with diabetes it was 48 mg/dl (2.7 mmol/l). In contrast, neither drug administered singly was associated with such changes in glucose levels. An increase in glucose levels is not a general effect of combined therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and statins.
Is there really no benefit to combination therapy with colistin

Despite many theoretical and in vitro advantages, clinical data comparing combination therapy with colistin + rifampicin to colistin alone for infection due to extremely-drug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumanni are scarce and limited by small numbers and/or low quality evidence. This article represents the first large, randomized, controlled, prospective study comparing colistin monotherapy and combination therapy. The reviewed article found no difference in all cause or infection related mortality, though there was an improved rate of microbiological clearance in the combination therapy arm. This study adds important new data to the literature and sets the stage for future studies that can be designed to overcome the limitations of this study, which are discussed in detail below. Based on this study, we cannot say definitively that combination therapy is not warranted for treatment of invasive infection due to A. baumannii, but the results do suggest that rifampicin is not an ideal agent to be combined with colistin.
Partitioning digital worlds: focal and peripheral awareness in multiple monitor use

Software today does not help us partition our digital worlds effectively. We must organize them ourselves. This field study of users of multiple monitors examines how people with a lot of display space arrange information. Second monitors are generally used for secondary activities related to principal tasks, for peripheral awareness of information that is not the main focus, and for easy access to resources. A second monitor improves efficiency in ways that are difficult to measure yet can have substantial subjective benefit. The study concludes with illustrations of shortcomings of today's systems and applications: the way we work could be improved at relatively low cost.
The membrane proteome of the mouse lens fiber cell.

Purpose: Fiber cells of the ocular lens are bounded by a highly specialized plasma membrane. Despite the pivotal role that membrane proteins play in the physiology and pathophysiology of the lens, our knowledge of the structure and composition of the fiber cell plasma membrane remains fragmentary. In the current study, we utilized mass spectrometrybased shotgun proteomics to provide a comprehensive survey of the mouse lens fiber cell membrane proteome. Methods: Membranes were purified from young mouse lenses and subjected to MudPIT (Multidimensional protein identification technology) analysis. The resulting proteomic data were analyzed further by reference to publically available microarray databases. Results: More than 200 membrane proteins were identified by MudPIT, including Type I, Type II, Type III (multi-pass), lipid-anchored, and GPI-anchored membrane proteins, in addition to membrane-associated cytoskeletal elements and extracellular matrix components. The membrane proteins of highest apparent abundance included Mip, Lim2, and the lens-specific connexin proteins Gja3, Gja8, and Gje1. Significantly, many proteins previously unsuspected in the lens were also detected, including proteins with roles in cell adhesion, solute transport, and cell signaling. Conclusions: The MudPIT technique constitutes a powerful technique for the analysis of the lens membrane proteome and provides valuable insights into the composition of the lens fiber cell unit membrane. Lens fiber cells are bounded by a plasma membrane no less remarkable in composition and organization than the cytoplasm it encapsulates. In fiber cells, the plasma membrane serves the same basic function as in any eukaryotic cell; namely, providing a semi-permeable barrier to segregate the contents of the cell from the exterior. Not surprisingly, therefore, many widely-expressed membrane proteins are found in lens membranes. Na,K-ATPase, for example, a ubiquitous integral membrane protein, is expressed strongly by lens fiber cells [1]. However, certain membrane proteins are unique to fiber cells, and their presence presumably reflects the singular role of the lens in the optical train of the eye. Lens membrane proteins play central roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the tissue. Genetic linkage studies have revealed that mutations in genes for Mip, Lim2, and other integral lens membrane proteins underlie inherited cataracts [2] and polymorphisms in the membrane receptor EphA2, may predispose to the much more common, agerelated cataracts [3]. Fiber cell membrane proteins also contribute directly to the optical quality of the lens. Thus, targeted disruption of the Lim2 gene in the mouse lens causes profound disturbances in the internal refractive properties of the tissue, leading to a lens that no longer focuses sharply [4].
Optimum Design of Compound Helicopters that Use Higher Harmonic Control

The optimal design of a compound helicopter comprised of counterrotating coaxial rotors, a propeller, and optionally a fixed wing is investigated. The blade geometry, azimuthal blade pitch inputs, optimal shaft angle (rotor angle of attack), and division of propulsive and lifting forces among the components that minimize the total power for a given flight condition are determined. The optimal design problem is cast as a variational statement that minimizes the sum of induced and viscous power losses for a prescribed lift, propulsive force, and vehicle trim condition. The rotor, propeller, and wing geometry and control inputs are related to the far-field circulation through a lifting-line model that accounts for experimentally or computationally determined nonlinear lift and drag polars. The variational statement is discretized using a vortex lattice wake, and the resulting nonlinear constrained optimization problem is solved via Newton iteration. Results show that varying the prescribed propulsive force o...
Tidal regime dictates the cascading consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of multiple predators on a marsh plant

Prey perception of predators can dictate how prey behaviorally balance the need to avoid being eaten with the need to consume resources, and this perception and consequent behavior can be strongly influenced by physical processes. Physical factors, however, can also alter the density and diversity of predators that pursue prey. Thus, it remains uncertain to what extent variable risk perception and antipredator behavior vs. variation in predator consumption of prey underlie prey–resource dynamics and give rise to large-scale patterns in natural systems. In an experimental food web where tidal inundation of marsh controls which predators access prey, crab and conch (predators) influenced the survivorship and antipredator behavior of snails (prey) irrespective of whether tidal inundation occurred on a diurnal or mixed semidiurnal schedule. Specifically, cues of either predator caused snails to ascend marsh leaves; snail survivorship was reduced more by unrestrained crabs than by unrestrained conchs; and snai...
A Nonparametric Bayesian Approach to Multiple Instance Learning

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a type of supervised learning in which labels are available for sets of observations (bags), but not for individual observations (instances). MIL has been applied in different areas, which has led to a large number of algorithms for learning based on MIL data. Many of these approaches focus on maximizing class margins, performing instance selection, or developing distance metrics and kernels suitable for application directly to bags. Although these approaches have shown promise, most require cross-validation-based optimization of hyper parameters or iterative numerical optimization to determine the proper number of target concepts. This work proposes a nonparametric Bayesian approach to learning in MIL scenarios based on Dirichlet process mixture models. The nonparametric nature of the model and the use of noninformative priors remove the need to perform cross-validation-based optimization while variational Bayesian inference allows for rapid parameter learning. The resulting approach generalizes to different applications by easily incorporating alternate data generation models. In a related effort [A. Manandhar et al., IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing53(4) (2015) 1737–1745.], the proposed model has been extended to incorporate time-varying data. Results indicate that when the data generation assumption holds, the proposed approach performs competitively with existing MIL and nonMIL methods for several standard MIL datasets and a new MIL dataset introduced in this work.
Computer-aided renal cancer quantification and classification from contrast-enhanced CT via histograms of curvature-related features

In clinical practice, renal cancer diagnosis is performed by manual quantifications of tumor size and enhancement, which are time consuming and show high variability. We propose a computer-assisted clinical tool to assess and classify renal tumors in contrast-enhanced CT for the management and classification of kidney tumors. The quantification of lesions used level-sets and a statistical refinement step to adapt to the shape of the lesions. Intra-patient and inter-phase registration facilitated the study of lesion enhancement. From the segmented lesions, the histograms of curvature-related features were used to classify the lesion types via random sampling. The clinical tool allows the accurate quantification and classification of cysts and cancer from clinical data. Cancer types are further classified into four categories. Computer-assisted image analysis shows great potential for tumor diagnosis and monitoring.
New service of geodetic survey

In the introduction to the Transactions of 1943 of the American Geophysical Union, the following statements are made by J. A. FLEMING: “Now, as never before, scientists in general of the Western Hemisphere need to affiliate and play their part not only in the immediate problems of application to the war effort—to which the geophysicist is contributing effectively—but in the rehabilitation of international relations and endeavors particularly necessary to investigation of earth physics;” “The Nation needs more, not less, scientific endeavor.”
Pseudoplastic falling films with concurrent gas streams

An experimental and theoretical study on gas and pseudoplastic liquid films in vertical downward flow is reported. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and measured values of the film thickness as a function of liquid shear properties and interfacial shear except in the case of the most dilute solution. Measured pressure drops in the gas in two-phase flow depend strongly on liquid shear properties and are up to five times higher than when gas flows alone. Aqueous Carbopol solutions were used as pseudoplastic liquids.
Incorporating unawareness into contract theory

Asymmetric awareness of the contracting parties regarding the uncertainty surrounding them is proposed as a reason for incompleteness in contractual forms. An insurance problem is studied between a risk neutral insurer, who has superior awareness regarding the nature of the uncertainty, and a risk averse insuree, who cannot foresee all the relevant contingencies. The insurer can mention in a contract some contingencies that the insuree was originally unaware of. It is shown that there are equilibria where the insurer strategically offers incomplete contracts. Next, equilibrium contracts are fully characterized for the case where the insuree is ambiguity averse and holds multiple beliefs when her awareness is extended. Competition among insurers who are symmetrically aware of the uncertainty promotes awareness of the insuree.
Changes in Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Power but Not Physical Function Are Related to Testosterone Dose in Healthy Older Men

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of graded doses of testosterone on physical function (PF) and muscle performance in healthy, older men.
A functional connectivity-based classification approach to autism spectrum disorder: only as good (or bad) as available diagnostic criteria

Evaluation of: Anderson JS, Nielsen JA, Froehlich AL et al. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging classification of autism. Brain 134, 3742–3754 (2011). This study used functional connectivity detected from low-frequency fluctuations in functional MRI time series acquired during a resting state. Participants were adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls. Classification scores were used to predict group membership based on functional connectivity for a large number of regions of interest across the whole brain. Diagnostic prediction accuracy was approximately 75% overall. The results contribute to current knowledge of functional connectivity abnormalities in ASD, generally in support of underconnectivity theories. They are also promising with respect to the search for biomarkers of ASD that are needed to replace current behavior-based diagnostic criteria. While data from young children were not available for this study, findings appear to sug...
Thoracic hyperextension injury with complete “bony disruption” of the thoracic cage: Case report of a potentially life-threatening injury

Severe chest wall injuries are potentially life-threatening injuries which require a standardized multidisciplinary management strategy for prevention of posttraumatic complications and adverse outcome. We report the successful management of a 55-year old man who sustained a complete “bony disruption” of the thoracic cage secondary to an “all-terrain vehicle” roll-over accident. The injury pattern consisted of a bilateral “flail chest” with serial segmental rib fractures, bilateral hemo-pneumothoraces and pulmonary contusions, bilateral midshaft clavicle fractures, a displaced transverse sternum fracture with significant diastasis, and an unstable T9 hyperextension injury. After initial life-saving procedures, the chest wall injuries were sequentially stabilized by surgical fixation of bilateral clavicle fractures, locked plating of the displaced sternal fracture, and a two-level anterior spine fixation of the T9 hyperextension injury. The patient had an excellent radiological and physiological outcome at 6 months post injury. Severe chest wall trauma with a complete “bony disruption” of the thoracic cage represents a rare, but detrimental injury pattern. Multidisciplinary management with a staged timing for addressing each of the critical injuries, represents the ideal approach for an excellent long-term outcome.
A generalized wilcoxon-mann-whitney statistic

We develop a simple but useful generalization of the classical Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic. A normal approximation and a recurrence for the exact distribution of this generalization are available. The statistic has potential application in nonparametric discriminant analysis.
A Survey of Academic Use of Interfaces

We conducted a survey of academically affiliated members of INFORMS to better understand the extent of the current usage of Interfaces. We asked respondents if and how they use Interfaces as a resource in teaching and research, and we also asked a series of questions about their careers and the institutions at which they are employed. Our results show that Interfaces is used mostly in teaching MBA core and elective courses and MS and PhD courses in operations research and operations management. Edelman papers are generally used mostly for teaching and reference in research. In this paper, we describe some differences based on type of academic institution and on whether the respondent is an Interfaces subscriber; we also identify opportunities for Interfaces.
Low-Power Test Generation by Merging of Functional Broadside Test Cubes

This paper describes a low-power test generation procedure, which targets the switching activity during the fast functional clock cycles of broadside tests. The procedure is based on merging of test cubes that it extracts from functional broadside tests. The use of test cube merging supports test compaction and it can be used for accommodating the constraints of test data compression. The use of functional broadside tests provides a target for the switching activity of low-power tests, which does not exceed the switching activity that is possible during functional operation, or that the circuit is designed for. The use of test cubes that are extracted from functional broadside tests is a unique feature of this procedure. It ensures that the low-power tests would create functional operation conditions in subcircuits that are defined by the test cubes. Experimental results show that the procedure detects all or almost all the transition faults that are detectable by arbitrary (functional and nonfunctional) broadside tests in benchmark circuits.
Il paziente con AIDS

L’infezione da virus dell’immunodeficienza umana (HIV) e la sua inevitabile conseguenza, sindrome da immunodeficienza acquisita (AIDS), sono uno dei piu gravi problemi che affliggono la sanita pubblica mondiale e, di fatto, hanno modi-ficato la pratica chirurgica e medica.
Recovery periods restore mechanosensitivity to dynamically loaded bone

Bone cells are capable of sensing and responding to mechanical forces, but mechanosensitivity begins to decline soon after the stimulus is initiated. Under continued stimulation, bone is desensitized to mechanical stimuli. We sought to determine the amount of time required to restore mechanosensitivity to desensitized bone cells in vivo by manipulating the recovery time (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 h) allowed between four identical daily loading bouts. We also investigated the osteogenic effectiveness of shorter-term recovery periods, lasting several seconds (0.5, 3.5, 7 or 14 s), introduced between each of 36 identical daily loading cycles. Using the rat tibia four-point bending model, the right tibia of 144 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats was subjected to bending, sham bending or no loading. In the rats receiving recovery periods between loading bouts, histomorphometric measurements from the endocortical surface of the loaded and nonloaded control (left) tibiae revealed more than 100 % higher relative bone formation rates in the 8 h recovery group than in the 0 and 0.5 h recovery groups. Approximately 8 h of recovery was sufficient to restore full mechanosensitivity to the cells. In the rats allowed time to recover between load cycles, 14 s of recovery resulted in significantly higher (66-190 %) relative bone formation rates compared to any of the three shorter recovery periods. In both experiments, bone formation in the sham-bending animals was similar to that in the nonloaded control group. The results demonstrate the importance of recovery periods for (i) restoring mechanosensitivity to bone cells and (ii) maximizing the osteogenic effects of mechanical loading (exercise) regimens.
Solving The Long-Standing Problem Of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions At The Highest Microscopic Level. Annual Continuation And Progress Report, August 15, 2014 -- August 14, 2015

The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive framework that will lead to a fundamental description of both structural properties and reactions of light nuclei in terms of constituent protons and neutrons interacting through nucleon-nucleon (NN) and three-nucleon (3N) forces. This project will provide the research community with the theoretical and computational tools what will enable: an accurate prediction for fusion reactions that power stars and Earth-based fusion facilities; an improved description of the spectroscopy of exotic nuclei, including light Borromean systems; and, a fundamental understanding of the three-nucleon force in nuclear reaction and nuclei at the drip line.
Identifying Symptom Clusters in Breast Cancer: Implications on Patient Quality of Life.

Background: Patients undergoing treatment for advanced cancer often experience multiple symptoms. These symptoms occur with varying frequency, intensity, and impact. Pain, fatigue, insomnia, anorexia and dyspnea are consistently among the 10 most prevalent symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment. We conducted a multivariate analysis to investigate the impact of cancer symptoms on patient quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer.Material and Methods: A consecutive series of 226 breast cancer patients treated at the Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Southwestern Regional Medical Center between Jan 2001 and Nov 2006. Cancer symptoms were assessed using the symptom subscales of European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer - Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30). Symptom scores range from 0-100 with lower scores indicating better while higher scores indicating worse symptoms. QoL was assessed using Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI). QLI measures overall QoL and QoL in 4 major subscales: health/physical, social/economic, psychological/spiritual, and family. QLI scores range from 0-30 with higher scores indicating better QoL. The relationship between QLQ-C30 symptoms and QLI was evaluated using multivariate linear regression.Results: Of 226 patients, 98 were newly diagnosed while 128 had failed prior treatment before coming to our hospital. The mean age was 52.5 years (range = 27-82 years). We found that every 10 unit increase in fatigue (p=.004) and pain (p=.001) was significantly associated with 0.65 and 0.66 unit decline in QLI health/physical subscale after controlling for age, treatment history, stage at diagnosis and other cancer symptoms. Similarly, every 10 unit increase in insomnia (p=.02) was significantly associated with 0.35 unit decline in QLI family subscale. Finally, every 10 unit increase in pain (p=.01) and insomnia (p=.03) was significantly associated with 0.34 and 0.21 unit decline in overall QoL.Discussion: We found fatigue, pain and insomnia to be independent predictors of QoL after controlling for each other, age, treatment history and stage at diagnosis. Recognition and timely treatment of symptom clusters could result in improved QoL in patients with breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5043.
Policy Cooperation, Incomplete Markets and Risk Sharing

The paper derives “targeting rules” for optimal policy in a simple two-country model in which financial markets are incomplete and policy is noncooperative. The optimal rules are compared with the cooperative case. Although the model is simple, it is complex enough so that the distortion introduced by incomplete financial markets matters. The complete markets case serves as a benchmark. Under complete markets, it is shown that the policy response in one state of the world influences outcomes in all other states through the effect on asset prices. It is noted that monetary policy cannot replicate an optimal tariff, so that the absence of a tariff instrument is a distortion even in the complete-markets economy. We show that optimal policy, even under complete markets and cooperation, does not try to minimize spillovers.
Clonidine and PGE2 have different effects on Na+ and water transport in rat and rabbit CCD.

We examined the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the adrenergic agonist clonidine on osmotic water permeability (Pf), lumen-to-bath 22Na+ flux (Jl----b), and transepithelial voltage (VT) in i...
Fission gas bubble identification using MATLAB's image processing toolbox

Abstract Automated image processing routines have the potential to aid in the fuel performance evaluation process by eliminating bias in human judgment that may vary from person-to-person or sample-to-sample. This study presents several MATLAB based image analysis routines designed for fission gas void identification in post-irradiation examination of uranium molybdenum (U–Mo) monolithic-type plate fuels. Frequency domain filtration, enlisted as a pre-processing technique, can eliminate artifacts from the image without compromising the critical features of interest. This process is coupled with a bilateral filter, an edge-preserving noise removal technique aimed at preparing the image for optimal segmentation. Adaptive thresholding proved to be the most consistent gray-level feature segmentation technique for U–Mo fuel microstructures. The Sauvola adaptive threshold technique segments the image based on histogram weighting factors in stable contrast regions and local statistics in variable contrast regions. Once all processing is complete, the algorithm outputs the total fission gas void count, the mean void size, and the average porosity. The final results demonstrate an ability to extract fission gas void morphological data faster, more consistently, and at least as accurately as manual segmentation methods.
Boundary condition thermometry using a thermographic-phosphor-coated thin filament

Thermographic phosphors (TPs) exhibit a temperature sensitive emission spectrum when excited with ultraviolet radiation. In this study, 14 μm diameter SiC fibers are coated with ZnO or Dy:YAG using a ceramic binder to a total diameter of 70±9 μm. ZnO and Dy:YAG fibers were used to measure fiber temperatures in the range of 294–450 K and 450–1245 K, respectively. The coated fiber provides higher signal levels compared to TP particle seeding and is no more invasive than the commonly used thermocouple. A calibration is performed to relate fiber temperature to the ratio of luminescent signal collected within two different bands of the fiber emission spectrum. Temperature was measured along the inlet of a series of nitrogen diluted ethylene diffusion flames stabilized on the Yale coflow burner to determine suitable thermal boundary conditions for computational modeling. The boundary condition temperatures were derived from a spline fitting of data acquired from the two fiber types in order to obtain fiber temperature sensitivity from 294 to 1245 K. The peak near-burner temperature was found to be higher than ambient conditions and to increase and shift its location radially outward with increased fuel percentage.
Pain buddy

BackgroundOver 12,000 children are diagnosed with cancer every year in the United States. In addition to symptoms associated with their disease, children undergoing chemotherapy frequently experience significant pain, which is unfortunately often undertreated. The field of m-Health offers an innovative avenue for pain assessment and intervention in the home setting. The current study describes the development and initial evaluation of a tablet-based program, Pain Buddy, aimed to enhance pain management and foster improved quality of life in children ages 8-18 years undergoing cancer treatment. MethodsAn animated avatar-based tablet application was developed using state-of-the-art software. Key aspects of Pain Buddy include daily pain and symptom diaries completed by children, remote monitoring of symptoms by uploading patient's data through internet to a cloud server, cognitive and behavioral skills training, interactive three-dimensional avatars that guide children through the program, and an incentive system to motivate engagement. Twelve children between the ages of 8 and 18 participated in a pilot study of Pain Buddy. ResultsChildren were highly satisfied with the program. Pain and appetite disturbances were most frequently endorsed. Symptom trigger alerts to outside providers were largely related to clinically significant pain. Children infrequently used analgesics, and reported using some non-pharmacological pain management strategies. ConclusionPain Buddy appears to be a promising tool to improve pain and symptom management in children undergoing cancer treatment. Results from the current study will inform future improvements to Pain Buddy, in preparation for a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of this innovative treatment. Tablet-based intervention for children undergoing cancer treatment is developed.Formative evaluation suggests children were highly satisfied with program.Pain and appetite disturbances were the most frequently endorsed symptoms.Children used non-pharmacological pain management strategies.Promising tool for reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.
Studies of Pulmonary Endothelial Permeability Using Tritiated Dextrans

For many years physiologists have sought to understand the movement of plasma proteins across the endothelial surface of small blood vessels by applying the physical principles of diffusion and convection to geometric models of small particles and semipermeable membranes. The endothelium has been viewed as a continuous surface containing water-filled channels or “pores” large enough to allow the passage of plasma proteins but small enough to restrict their passage relative to water. The plasma proteins, in turn, have been viewed as inert particles that move through the pores at a rate proportionate to their size and the hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients across the endothelium
Leukocyte Kinetics and Migration in the Lungs

Neutrophil recruitment into the alveolar air space is central to the inflammatory response in the lung. Unlike the systemic microcirculation, the pulmonary capillaries but not venules are the primary site of neutrophil recruitment into the inflamed air space. Neutrophils are larger in diameter than most pulmonary capillaries and are required to deform into an elliptical shape prior to entrance into a capillary segment. The time spent during deformation, entrance, and transit through the capillary network results in concentration of neutrophils within the pulmonary microcirculation. This chapter provides an overview of the molecular and biophysical mechanisms that regulate neutrophil margination in the lung microcirculation during homeostasis and recruitment into the air spaces during inflammation. Here, we describe neutrophil recruitment into the inflamed air spaces as a coordination of five sequential steps of capillary sequestration and retention, trans-luminal crawling, trans-endothelial migration, trans-interstitial migration, and trans-epithelial migration. Our current understanding of these five sequential steps is partially based on intravital microscopy studies performed in the nonpulmonary vascular beds of mice. Recently, intravital microscopy approaches that allow visualization of the pulmonary microcirculation in live mice have become available. Intravital microscopy studies of the lung should be conducted in mice to elucidate the molecular pathways that dictate neutrophil kinetics in the lung.
Institutional Responsibility and the Flawed Genomic Biomarkers at Duke University: A Missed Opportunity for Transparency and Accountability.

When there have been substantial failures by institutional leadership in their oversight responsibility to protect research integrity, the public should demand that these be recognized and addressed by the institution itself, or the funding bodies. This commentary discusses a case of research failures in developing genomic predictors for cancer risk assessment and treatment at a leading university. In its review of this case, the Office of Research Integrity, an agency within the US Department of Health and Human Services, focused their report entirely on one individual faculty member and made no comment on the institution’s responsibility and its failure to provide adequate oversight and investigation. These actions missed an important opportunity to emphasize the institution’s critical responsibilities in oversight of research integrity and the importance of institutional transparency and accountability.
Induction and spontaneous regression of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in a hamster model.

serotonin (5HT), and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP; mammalian bombesin) was quantified. After 2 to 4 weeks of DEN/02, there was a twofold increase over control animals in the mean number of CGRP + foci per unit length of airway epithelium consistent with neuroendocrine differentiation; this number increased over tenfold at 9 to 12 weeks, reaching a peak at 12 weeks and subsequently declining to near control levels by 20 weeks in spite of continued biweekly injections of DEN and continuous exposure to hyperoxia. Neuroendocrine cell proliferation was also induced, with a significant increase in the number of CGRP + cells per positive focus at 6 to 7 weeks, reaching up to double control levels by 13 weeks. Immunostaining of the same cells for CT and 5HT was quantified with similar results. No immunostaining for GRP was observed at any time point. No tumors were observed during the 20-week treatment period. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of hamster lung RNA demonstrated CGRP and CT mRNAs during the treatment period. This model should be valuable for studying mechanisms of induction and regression of pulmonary neuroendocnne cell differentiation and growth by carcinogens and free radicals.
Study of Power Consumption in a Cooperative Wireless Network

A cooperative wireless network is defined to be a network where nodes cooperate in routing and/or improving the quality of transmission of each other’s packets [1]-[5]. The cooperation is especially useful when the channel between a pair of nodes (source and destination) is in a deep shadow-fading state. In this situation increasing the power level may either not resolve the problem or be too power consuming, while generating interference for other receivers on the same channel. A cooperating node, which has good propagation channels to both the source and the destination, may be used to relay the packets between them. This paper presents the comparison of the average amounts of power consumed by nodes in a standard wireless network that uses single-hop transmission and a cooperative wireless network that uses two-hop transmission. It is shown that under certain conditions the ratio of the average power consumptions in the two networks, when N cooperating nodes on average are available for each node, can be approximated by k ln N + q. The constants k and q are related to the propagation channel. For a Nakagami fading channel with parameter m, k =1/ lnm and q=1, while for a shadowing channel with standard deviation σ dB , k =σ dB / √ π and q = 0.23σ dB dB.
A tomada do palco: performances sociais de Mao Tsé-Tung a Martin Luther King, e a Black Lives Matter hoje

Sociologos da cultura vem desenvolvendo, desde 2000, perspectivas teoricas e aplicacoes empiricas da teoria da performance social, que tem como ponto de partida a atualizacao da obra tardia de Durkheim, somada a elementos da virada estetica e da teoria do drama.. Essa abordagem refuta a interpretacao economica da acao desenvolvida por Marx, assim como a abordagem teorica da acao iniciada por Weber e continuada por Parsons. Neste ensaio, pretendo demonstrar como a teoria da performance social pode esclarecer a arte do protesto, tomando como exemplos a revolucao comunista da China, o movimento americano por direitos civis de meados do seculo 20, e os protestos atuais, majoritariamente afro-americanos, contra a violencia policial nas cidades americanas. Entre a tradicao de protesto afro-americana de meados do seculo vinte e as condicoes da populacao negra pobre das periferias das cidades do inicio do seculo 21, emerge o imenso desafio de forjar novos roteiros orientados a acao. Sao necessarias liderancas fortes, com talento dramatugico e de direcao. A fusao exitosa de publico, roteiro e atores exige acesso aos meios de producao simbolica; interpretacao empatica das atuacoes em curso, por parte dos criticos; e suficiente influencia ante os poderes relevantes para evitar repressao pelas forcas do Estado. Esses diversos elementos foram postos em pratica pelo movimento negro pelo fim da violencia policial, que vem ganhando impulso desde 2012. Empregando novos meios digitais de producao simbolica, seus organizadores transmitiram narrativas, slogans e gestos persuasivos, provocando protestos massivos de afro-americanos e mudancas na opiniao publica americana em relacao a violencia policial e ao racismo.
Pathophysiology of acute heart failure syndrome: a knowledge gap

Although much remains unknown regarding the pathophysiology of acute heart failure (AHF), precipitating events are thought to involve a complex set of interactions between the heart, kidneys, and peripheral vasculature. In addition to these interactions, which are considered the primary abnormalities in patients with AHF, several other organ systems may also be affected and contribute to disease progression. Currently available scientific literature suggests that the natural history and pathophysiology of AHF consists of two phases: (1) an "initiation phase" involving a series of triggering events, and (2) an "amplification phase," in which multiple mechanisms contribute to worsening HF and exacerbate end-organ damage. Biomarkers of cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and other organ function have been identified during episodes of AHF, including brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I, and troponin T; biomarkers associated with AHF have proven to be useful tools for studying the pathophysiology of the syndrome, predicting clinical outcomes, and identifying patient management strategies. Despite considerable advances in recent years, AHF continues to be a leading cause of hospitalization and death in patients with chronic HF. Moreover, AHF remains a major healthcare issue exacting a considerable cost burden. Addressing this ongoing unmet need requires prioritizing efforts to better understand the natural history and pathophysiology of AHF; only then can targeted therapies be developed to prevent rehospitalization in patients with AHF, or at least alter the trajectory of disease progression toward improved clinical outcomes.
The Zhoujiatai Occult Manuscripts (周家臺的數術簡)

Bamboo-slip manuscripts from Zhoujiatai tomb 30, Hubei (burial dated ca. 209 B.C.E. ), provide important evidence of ancient Chinese occult manuscripts belonging to a man of modest status. One manuscript, identified as a rishu “day book” by the modern editors of the Zhoujiatai manuscripts, treats of hemerology and astrology and is the focus of this study. The bamboo slips of a calendar for years corresponding to 211–210 B.C.E . can be associated with the rishu and may have formed one manuscript unit. The contents of the rishu include two large-size diagrams related to hemerological and astro-calendrical systems. The first diagram involves calculations based on the position of the handle of the Dipper constellation and the second diagram is notable for reference to one of the years (211 B.C.E. ) of the associated calendar. A third diagram, for which the title rong liri “ rong calendar day [divination]” is written on the manuscript, has a slightly different form in a second occurrence on the manuscript. Both forms of the diagram show thirty lines arranged in a vertical column, corresponding to the thirty days of the ideal month, with some lines enclosed in boxes. Days of the month are counted in the sequence of lines on the diagram in order to determine the lucky and unlucky aspects of a given day. A related hemerological system is attested in a manuscript from Mawangdui tomb 3, Hunan (burial dated 168 B.C.E. ), and in medieval occult manuscripts from Dunhuang.湖北省周家臺30號墓簡(約公元前209年)提供了關於古代中國一名低級官吏所擁有的數術簡的寶貴資料。本文主要研究其中由整理者认定为《日書》的簡文及其涉及的擇日、星象等內容。同墓出土的暦譜(公元前211–210年)與《日書》相關,可能本來屬於同一卷簡冊。《日書》包括兩幅大圖,一個與擇日有關,一個與星象曆法體系有關。第一圖講基於北斗七星斗柄指向的算法,第二圖因爲涉及到暦譜記載公元前211年的內容而受到矚目。另外第三幅圖簡文記述其名曰“戎磿日”,存在兩個稍微不同的版本。兩個版本的圖都是由縱向排列的三十條橫綫構成,代表一个月的理想天数三十,並和周圍的綫條組成方框。按照圖中橫綫的順序判斷每個月中相應的那一天是否吉利。與此相關的擇日法也在湖南馬王堆3號墓(約公元前168年)與中古時期敦煌的數術文獻中出現。
MOURNING IS ETERNAL—AND PROCEEDS FROM IRON AGE: HOMER’S PATHOS OF ACHILLES AND HECTOR

Homeric heroes know the consequences of combat, of their own possible death and an enemy’s, with the impact of either upon persons nearest and dearest. A malicious taunt reminds a foeman of what his death will mean to old parents, to young wife, and to other relatives. A warrior’s own premonition of falling in battle before a superior fighter and/or by Fate or deadly intervention of a hostile god may add his child or children to those who will miss and mourn him. The Iliad -poet anticipates the painful aftermath of demigod Achilles’ coming death for his irregular family, which includes a divine mother who will mourn him forever. “Homer” dramatizes the pain of mortal Hector’s death, first expected then effected, for a family many of whom we have met, from aged parents to infant son. Hector’s slaying, linked by Fate to that of Achilles, is the key event. It leads to a sublime reconciliation between Achilles, his killer, and Priam, his devastated father. Hector’s mother, however, and his loving wife—mother of his defenseless son—cannot be reconciled with his loss and with their dreaded and certain harsh future.
Efficacy of prophylactic dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Junctional ectopic tachycardia is a serious tachyarrhythmic complication following pediatric cardiac surgery. It is difficult to manage and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures have shown limited effects. Dexmedetomidine is an α2 agonist which has recently been shown in multiple studies to be effective. Aims The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic dexmedetomidine administration in the prevention of junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric patients following cardiac surgeries. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and relevant references published in English before December 20, 2017 and performed meta-analysis on the selected studies, with one group receiving prophylactic perioperative dexmedetomidine administration and another group receiving placebo. The primary outcome was the incidence of junctional ectopic tachycardia, secondary outcomes included bradycardia, hypotension, intensive care unit stay, total hospital stay, inotropic scores, and total mechanical ventilation time. Odds ratio or mean difference with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random effect model. Results Seven studies (5 prospective randomized studies and 2 retrospective case-controlled studies) with a total of 1616 patients were analyzed. The incidence of junctional ectopic tachycardia in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly reduced compared to placebo. Similarly, intensive care unit stay, inotropic scores, and total mechanical ventilation time were also significantly decreased in the dexmedetomidine group. No significant increases in adverse events were found. Mortality was low in both groups. Conclusion Prophylactic dexmedetomidine is effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia without significant increases in adverse events in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart diseases.
Functional Integral Methods in Quantum Field Theory

We give a special form of the Osterwalder-Schrader axioms in terms of conditions on a functional integral S{f} = ∫eiϕ(f)dμ. This yields a simple, self-contained construction of a Hamiltonian H, a relativistic, local boson quantum field Φ, and a Feynman-Kac formula to study perturbations H + Φ of H.