cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interference aware metric for dense multi-hop wireless networks

A key issue impacting the performance of multi-hop wireless networks is wireless interference among neighboring nodes. In this paper, we study the impact of interference on mean delay and available bandwidth residing at wireless nodes and present a novel interference aware metric, named network allocation vector count (NAVC). The design of NAVC as a metric for the AODV routing protocols, as well as a metric for transmit power control are described in detail. Our simulations demonstrate the poor performance of minimum hop-counts routing protocols, and confirm that NAVC based routing protocol can greatly improve performance. The average throughput increases by up to 29% for UDP CBR traffic. For scenarios of densely deployed nodes, the throughput improvement is often a factor near two, suggesting that NAVC will become more useful as networks grow larger and paths become longer. These approaches are essential for emerging applications such as sensor networks where interference is heavy and bandwidth is limited.
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Shedding of the 34-kDa Soluble TNFR1 from Human Airway Epithelial Cells via TLR3–TRIF–RIP1-Dependent Signaling: Roles for Dual Oxidase 2- and Caspase-Dependent Pathways

TNF, an important mediator of inflammatory and innate immune responses, can be regulated by binding to soluble TNF receptors. The 55-kDa type 1 TNFR (TNFR1), the key receptor for TNF signaling, is released to the extracellular space by two mechanisms, the inducible cleavage and shedding of 34-kDa soluble TNFR1 (sTNFR1) ectodomains and the constitutive release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize TLR signaling pathways that mediate TNFR1 release to the extracellular space. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic dsRNA analogue that signals via TLR3, induces sTNFR1 shedding from human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells, whereas ligands for other microbial pattern recognition receptors, including TLR4, TLR7, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2, do not. Furthermore, poly (I:C) selectively induces the cleavage of 34-kDa sTNFR1 ectodomains but does not enhance the release of full-length 55-kDa TNFR1 within exosome-like vesicles. RNA interference experiments demonstrated that poly (I:C)-induced sTNFR1 shedding is mediated via activation of TLR3-TRIF-RIP1 signaling, with subsequent activation of two downstream pathways. One pathway involves the dual oxidase 2-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, and the other pathway is via the caspase-mediated activation of apoptosis. Thus, the ability of dsRNA to induce the cleavage and shedding of the 34-kDa sTNFR1 from human bronchial epithelial cells represents a novel mechanism by which innate immune responses to viral infections are modulated.
A process and technology-tolerant I/sub DDQ/ method for IC diagnosis

The use of I/sub DDQ/ test as a defect reliability screen has been widely used to improve device quality. However, the increase in subthreshold leakage currents in deep submicron technologies has made it difficult to set an absolute pass/fail threshold. Recent work has focused on strategies that calibrate for process and/or technology-related variation effects. In this paper, a new I/sub DDQ/ technique is proposed that is based on an extension of a V/sub DDT/-based method called Transient Signal Analysis (TSA). The method, called Quiescent Signal Analysis or QSA, uses the I/sub DDQ/s measured at multiple supply pins as a means of localizing defects. Increases in I/sub DDQ/ due to a defect are regionalized by the resistive element of the supply grid. Therefore, each supply pin sources a unique fraction of the total I/sub DDQ/ drawn by the defect. The method analyzes the regional I/sub DDQ/s and "triangulates" the position of the defect to an (x,y) location in the layout. This information can be used in combination with fault dictionary-based techniques as a means of further resolving the defect's location.
Effects of confinement, surface-induced orientations and strain on dynamical behaviors of bacteria in thin liquid crystalline films

We report on the organization and dynamics of bacteria (Proteus mirabilis) dispersed within lyotropic liquid crystal (LC) films confined by pairs of surfaces that induce homeotropic (perpendicular) or hybrid (homeotropic and parallel orientations at each surface) anchoring of the LC. By using motile vegetative bacteria (3 µm in length) and homeotropically aligned LC films with thicknesses that exceed the length of the rod-shaped cells, a key finding reported in this paper is that elastic torques generated by the LC are sufficiently large to overcome wall-induced hydrodynamic torques acting on the cells, thus leading to LC-guided bacterial motion near surfaces that orient LCs. This result extends to bacteria within LC films with hybrid anchoring, and leads to the observation that asymmetric strain within a hybrid aligned LC rectifies motions of motile cells. In contrast, when the LC film thickness is sufficiently small that confinement prevents alignment of the bacteria cells along a homeotropically aligned LC director (achieved using swarm cells of length 10–60 µm), the bacterial cells propel in directions orthogonal to the director, generating transient distortions in the LC that have striking “comet-like” optical signatures. In this limit, for hybrid LC films, we find LC elastic stresses deform the bodies of swarm cells into bent configurations that follow the LC director, thus unmasking a coupling between bacterial shape and LC strain. Overall, these results provide new insight into the influence of surface-oriented LCs on dynamical bacterial behaviors and hint at novel ways to manipulate bacteria using confined LC phases that are not possible in isotropic solutions.
Atrial Septal Defects in the Adult Recent Progress and Overview

Patients with isolated atrial septal defects (ASDs) have benefited from important recent advances in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of their conditions. This review will focus on adolescent and adult patients with sizeable ASDs who do not have other major associated cardiac defects. There are 3 major types of ASDs or interatrial communications: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and sinus venosus (Figure 1A) defects. The ostium secundum is a true defect of the atrial septum and involves the region of the fossa ovalis. The ostium primum defect is within the spectrum of the atrioventricular (AV) septal defects (Figure 1B; also known as AV canal defects or endocardial cushion defects), the complete form of which also includes a large ventricular septal defect and a common AV valve. The sinus venosus defect is usually located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava and is almost always associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Two very uncommon types of ASDs may be mentioned briefly: the inferior vena cava form of the sinus venosus defect and the coronary sinus septal defect (in which a defect between the coronary sinus and the left atrium allows a left-to-right shunt to occur through an “unroofed” coronary sinus). Figure 1. A, A indicates superior sinus venosus ASD; B, secundum ASD; C, inferior sinus venosus ASD; D, ostium primum ASD or partial AV septal defect; E, secundum ASD without posterior septal rim; F, coronary sinus ASD; and IVC, inferior vena cava. B, AV junction viewed from the atrial aspect. Normal indicates normal heart; complete AVSD, complete AV septal defect with a common AV junction and a common, single AV valve, guarded by 5 leaflets (counterclockwise: superior bridging, left mural, inferior bridging, right inferior, and right anterosuperior); partial AVSD, partial AVSD or primum ASD with …
Brain Systems Involved in Depressed Behaviors: Corroboration From Different Metabolic Mapping Studies.

We previously used the 14C-deoxyglucose technique to map metabolic changes in the brains of rats who represented 3 models of depressed behavior. A criticism of that study could be that the changes in brain metabolism (reported as glucose utilization rates) correlated with decreased motor activity rather than with a state of depressed-like behavior. In order to investigate this question, we compared our previous data with the results of two groups of deoxyglucose mapping studies: those that examined metabolic changes during reward or arousal behaviors (known to be altered in depressed humans), and those that examined metabolic changes during decreased motor activity produced by means other than those used in our study. This comparison shows that changes in metabolic activity in our depression models is more compatible with metabolic changes in animals that are receiving rewarding or arousing stimuli than with metabolic changes accompanying different kinds of reduced motor activity. Some technical aspects of the 14C-2-deoxyglucose technique are also discussed.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in black and white older adults: the health ABC study.

Context: Previous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and mortality studies have included mostly individuals of European descent. Whether the relationship is similar in Blacks and to what extent differences in 25(OH)D explain racial disparities in mortality is unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mortality in Black and white community-dwelling older adults over 8.5 yr of follow-up. Design and Setting: Health ABC is a prospective cohort study conducted in Memphis, TN, and Pittsburgh, PA. Participants: Well-functioning Blacks and whites aged 71–80 yr with measured 25(OH)D and PTH (n = 2638; 49% male, 39% Black) were included in the study. Main Outcome Measure: Multivariate-adjusted proportional hazards models estimated the hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and noncancer, noncardiovascular mortality (n = 691 deaths). Results: Mean 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in whites than in Blacks [mean (sd): 29.0 (9.9) and 20.8 (8...
Knowledge and the Container

Librarians have always been interested in format, in the container of information and knowledge. We are fascinated by the clay tablet or the parchment scroll, by the illuminated manuscripts of earlier times. Computer technology brings with it an entirely different kind of container. No one is likely to stand and gaze at a CD-ROM for its elegance or extol the beauty of a green screen, but there is a breathtaking quality in the concepts of these new modes of information transfer. Just imagine your thoughts winging through the air, to find a home in the computer of a far-off colleague! There is one other container of knowledge and that is the librarian. I would argue that the librarian is one container that cannot be replaced in this ever-changing information/knowledge world in which we live. The purpose of my paper is to consider the value of content vs. the container. Has the container become more important than the content? Are we learning better? Are students doing better? Is the material better, more accurate? I believe that knowledge rather than the format or container should drive our work.
Fine Structure of the Cellular Parenchyma and Extracellular Matrix of Ophiotaenia loennbergii (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea)

The cellular parenchyma and extracellular matrix (ECM) of Ophiotaenia loennbergii were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. The parenchyma consists primarily of muscle cells divided into three compartments that maintain some cytoplasmic continuity: (1) myofibrils; (2) broadly lobate nucleated myocytons (muscle cell perikarya) with the perinuclear cytoplasm dominated by greatly dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum: (3) thin anucleated sarcoplasmic extensions formed in sheets with abundant glycogen and extremely large lipid droplets, which cause the cytoplasmic sheets to bulge. These cellular compartments are separated from each other by abundant ECM, which consists primarily of an electron-lucent amorphous ground substance. Filaments are scarce in all ECM except the tegumental basement lamella. This is the first report of parenchyma and ECM fine structure in the Proteocephalidea. The results provide additional evidence that cestode parenchyma is formed from similar cells, but is subject to substantial variability between different species.
Gated monochromatic x-ray imager

We have recently developed a gated monochromatic x-ray imaging diagnostic for the national Inertial-Confinement Fusion (ICF) program. This new imaging system will be one of the primary diagnostics to be utilized on University of Rochester`s Omega laser fusion facility. The new diagnostic is based upon a Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) microscope dispersed by diffraction crystals, as first described by Marshall and Su. The dispersed images are gated by four individual proximity focused microchannel plates and recorded on film. Spectral coverage is tunable up to 8 keV, spectral resolution has been measured at 20 eV, temporal resolution is 80 ps, and spatial resolution is better than 10 {mu}m.
Approach regions for domains in ℂ2 of finite type

Recall Fatou's theorem for the unit disc in ℂ. Consider a domain in ℂ2 of finite type. In this article, we show that the approach regions studied by Nagel, Stein, Wainger and Neff are the best possible ones for the boundary behaviour of bounded analytic functions, and there is no Fatou's theorem for complex tangentially broader approach regions
Self-Regulating Intellectual Processes and Outcomes: A Social Cognitive Perspective

At the dawn of the 21st century, many educational and psychological researchers are seeking to move beyond scientific understanding of human intellectual functioning based on correlations between motivational constructs and academic outcomes to a deeper understanding based on analyses of the causal interdependence of specific learning experiences, motivational beliefs, and academic outcomes. As research on strategy training has shown (Pressley, Borkowski, & Schneider, 1987), instructional efforts that lead to positive learning outcomes do not always produce sustained motivation, and conversely, instructional efforts to boost motivation of students without simultaneously improving their learning processes or competencies do not always produce sustained achievement (Schunk, 1991). Solving the reciprocity issue between learning and motivation is thus crucial to the advancement of educational practice.
A New Realm of Governance——Harmony Governance

Harmony is the common pursuit of mankind and the objective of good governance.Harmony governance has come into being in China under the guidance of harmony thoughts.Harmony governance,which takes harmonious thoughts as the main idea,harmonious management as objectives of the new management,will set a new model of governance theory and open up a new realm of human society.
NRCI: SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR LAPTOP ENSEMBLE

NRCI is a suite of Pd tools designed to facilitate laptop ensemble performance, and to foster a culture of group music-making which emphasizes custom software design and improvisational practice. NRCI provides a large library of abstractions with a consistent interface; these modules ease the challenge of instrument design for novices, and aid in rapid development and live coding for advanced users. NRCI also implements a network protocol (using OSC) which provides for the wireless exchange of control data and messaging in both improvisational and pre-structured situations. NRCI is designed for and tested by MiLO (the Milwaukee Laptop Orchestra), and is freely available online.
BIRGing, CORFing, and Twitter Activity Following a Political Referendum: Examining Social Media Activity Concerning the 2014 Scottish Independence Vote

A sizable body of research has examined BIRG, or Basking in Reflected Glory, as the psychological process of associating with the successes of others. A sample of 253,188 tweets related to the 2014 Scottish Independence Referendum were collected leading up to and following the vote. Results support BIRG processes on the part of anti-independence tweeters, and Cutting Off Reflected Failure (CORF) responses by those favoring independence. Evidence does not support the notion that CORF was attenuated by high involvement.
Kaon physics and CP violation calculations on QCDOC

The violation of charge conjugation (C) and parity (P) in kaon decays, first observed in Nobel-prize winning experiments at Brookhaven National Lab in 1964, is allowed by the Standard Model of particle physics. Predicting indirect CP violation in kaon decays requires the values for standard model parameters and the evaluation of a four-quark matrix element inside a kaon. Using lattice QCD with domain wall fermions and the current QCDOC computers, calculations are underway that will yield, among other results, the value for this matrix element, allowing more precise comparisons between theory and experiment for CP violation in kaon decays. heavy quarks and gauge bosons. These loop diagrams can be evaluated analytically, and, for low energy processes like kaon decay, their effects are given by a four-quark operator multiplied by an effective coupling strength which is a function of the masses and couplings of the underlying electroweak theory. The resulting four-quark operator must be evaluated inside a kaon - a calculation that can only be done from first principles through lattice QCD. Figure 2 depicts this calculation and shows the resulting operator of interest, Q ∆S=2 .
I Don't Like the Cut of your Jib: Perceived Facial Masculinity as a Cue to Criminality.

Previous research has established that the appearance of criminal suspects and defendants can affect subsequent legal decisions. Specifically, researchers have proposed that (1) masculine suspects are believed to commit more stereotypically male crimes (e.g., burglary), (2) masculine suspects are believed to commit more violent crimes (e.g., assault), and (3) masculinity is a general cue for committing crime. The current study sought to test these competing hypotheses regarding masculine appearance and perceived criminality. Across three studies, participants read a brief crime scenario and were asked to select out of a lineup the suspect they believed had committed the crime. Suspect masculinity and type of crime were manipulated to determine whether the degree of masculinity influenced whether participants believed they had committed the crime. Results showed that participants consistently associated masculinity with committing violent crime and showed some evidence for the general criminality hypothesi...
Immunoglobulins of the Rabbit, Mouse, Guinea Pig, and Horse

Publisher Summary This chapter describes properties of immunoglobulins of four mammalian species that have been studied quite extensively—the rabbit, mouse, guinea pig, and horse. A protein is designated κ or λ on the basis of sequence homology to the corresponding human chain. In most, but not all immunoglobulins, one disulfide bond joins an H chain to an L chain. However, there are marked variations, with respect to H–H disulfide bonds. The relative serum concentrations of the immunoglobulin classes vary among species. As in the case of human immunoglobulins, large fragments, some of which have active binding sites, can readily be obtained. One reliable method for identifying a class as homologous to that of a human immunoglobulin is antigenic cross-reactivity. Amino acid sequence homologies, which are more definitive, are also available in some instances. The terms “reaginic” or “homocytotropic” antibody (HCA) are in general usage to denote antibodies capable of mediating passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions within the autologous species. In a number of species there is more than one class of molecule which has this property.
Impact of achievement of complete cytogenetic response on outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with hypomethylating agents

Two hundred and sixteen consecutive patients with MDS and abnormal karyotype treated with hypomethylating agents between 4/04 and 10/12 were reviewed. Median follow-up was 17 months. Using IWG criteria, best responses were complete response (CR) in 79 patients (37%), partial response (PR) in 4 (2%), and hematologic improvement (HI) in 10 (5%). Cytogenetic response (CyR) was achieved in 78 patients (36%): complete (CCyR) in 62 (29%) and partial in 16 (7%). CyR was achieved in 48 of 79 patients (61%) with CR, 1 of 14 (7%) with PR/HI, and in 29 of the 123 (24%) with no morphologic response. Median overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) for patients with and without CCyR were 21 and 13 months (P = .007), and 16 and 9 months (P = .001), respectively. By multivariate analysis, the achievement of CCyR was predictive for better OS (HR = 2.1; P < .001). In conclusion, CyR occurs at a rate of 36% (complete in 29%) in patients with MDS treated with HMA and is not always associated with morphological response. The achievement of CCyR is associated with survival improvement and constitutes a major predictive factor for outcome particularly in patients without morphologic response. Therefore, the achievement of CCyR should be considered a milestone in the management of patients with MDS.
Design space sampling using hierarchical clustering of patterns on a full chip

This research considers problem of sampling design space of a given physical design layout. More specifically, it deals with extraction of a set of characteristic design patterns evenly distributed within design space occupied by the layout. The methodology reported here is capable of condensing large design layouts comprised of billions of patterns to few tens of representative cases fulfilling needs of process development and process monitoring in a semiconductor manufacturing facility as well as for OPC and process compensation setup. Patterns extracted by this method include both patterns having high representation in the incoming design and anomalous configurations. In the case study we have sampled design space of a 22FDX test chip with 40 mm2 area on a contact layer. Incoming design layout comprised of 763.6 million patterns has been condensed to 61 patterns that contained all anticipated design configurations as well as a couple of unexpected findings. Extractions of compact pattern representations and multi-step hierarchical clustering method enabling full chip execution (106-1010 patterns) are discussed here in detail.
A Global Review of Road Development

Historically roads began as an extension of trails adapted to handle increased traffic and wheeled vehicles. Many modern paved roads follow traditional trade routes such as the Silk Road, the Grand Trunk Road, and the Amber Road. Roads have profound impacts on humans, animals, and ecosystems—they are a prime example of what is called human environment interactions and/or coupled social and ecological systems. Roads can have both positive and negative influences that have far ranging, unanticipated, and unintended consequences on environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural spheres. When one considers the scale of impacts in all three spheres that travel beyond the areas immediately adjacent to the road surface, global road building must be acknowledged as one of the most profound and influential human activities on earth. Before 1950 motorable roads in Nepal were virtually non-existent. It was not until 1956 that Kathmandu had a road usable by trucks that linked to the existing road in the flat Terai area connecting Kathmandu to the railhead and India—for almost 30 years, from 1927 until the completion of this section of road, the only way to transport goods into or out of the Kathmandu Valley was by the ropeway, human porter, or animal. Latest available figures suggest that as of 2016 Nepal has a total road length greater than 81,000 km. Recent events including the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, the promulgation of the new Nepali constitution (September 2015) and the subsequent southern border blockade, and the continuing instability of the government all have an effect on people’s ability to access and use these roads.
A New Neural Dynamic Classification Algorithm

The keys for the development of an effective classification algorithm are: 1) discovering feature spaces with large margins between clusters and close proximity of the classmates and 2) discovering the smallest number of the features to perform accurate classification. In this paper, a new supervised classification algorithm, called neural dynamic classification (NDC), is presented with the goal of: 1) discovering the most effective feature spaces and 2) finding the optimum number of features required for accurate classification using the patented robust neural dynamic optimization model of Adeli and Park. The new classification algorithm is compared with the probabilistic neural network (PNN), enhanced PNN (EPNN), and support vector machine using two sets of classification problems. The first set consists of five standard benchmark problems. The second set is a large benchmark problem called Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology database of handwritten digits. In general, NDC yields the most accurate classification results followed by EPNN. A beauty of the new algorithm is the smoothness of convergence curves which is an indication of robustness and good performance of the algorithm. The main aim is to maximize the prediction accuracy.
Structure and Function of Protein-Based Edible Films and Coatings

Research and development on films and coatings made from various agricultural proteins has been conducted over the past 20 years, but is of heightened interest, due to the demand for environmentally-friendly, renewable replacements for petroleum-based polymeric materials and plastics. To address this demand, films and coatings have been made from renewable resources, such as casein, whey, soy, corn zein, collagen, wheat gluten, keratin and egg albumen. Those made from agricultural proteins create new outlets for agricultural products, byproducts and waste streams, all of which can positively impact the economics of food processes.
Hydraulic fracturing and infant health: New evidence from Pennsylvania.

The development of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) is considered the biggest change to the global energy production system in the last half-century. However, several communities have banned fracking because of unresolved concerns about the impact of this process on human health. To evaluate the potential health impacts of fracking, we analyzed records of more than 1.1 million births in Pennsylvania from 2004 to 2013, comparing infants born to mothers living at different distances from active fracking sites and those born both before and after fracking was initiated at each site. We adjusted for fixed maternal determinants of infant health by comparing siblings who were and were not exposed to fracking sites in utero. We found evidence for negative health effects of in utero exposure to fracking sites within 3 km of a mother’s residence, with the largest health impacts seen for in utero exposure within 1 km of fracking sites. Negative health impacts include a greater incidence of low–birth weight babies as well as significant declines in average birth weight and in several other measures of infant health. There is little evidence for health effects at distances beyond 3 km, suggesting that health impacts of fracking are highly local. Informal estimates suggest that about 29,000 of the nearly 4 million annual U.S. births occur within 1 km of an active fracking site and that these births therefore may be at higher risk of poor birth outcomes.
Tourism global production networks

Capturing the Gains seeks to understand the structure of the tourism global production network (GPN) in order to uncover avenues where firms and workers in poor countries can economically and socially upgrade. This briefing note highlights the stages of the tourism GPN, avenues of economic upgrading, and the broad labour themes of the sector. Several research questions are posited to situate the challenges and opportunities involved for sustainable tourism development and Decent Work opportunities through global tourism growth in the global South.
Anomaly-mediated SUSY breaking model retrofitted for naturalness

Anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) models seem to have become increasingly implausible due to 1) difficulty in generating a Higgs mass ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\sim}125\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, 2) typically unnatural superparticle spectra characterized by a large superpotential mu term, and 3) the possibility of a winolike lightest supersymmetry particle as dark matter now seems to be excluded. In the present paper, we propose some modifications to the paradigm model which solve these three issues. Instead of adding a universal bulk scalar mass to avoid tachyonic sleptons, we add distinct Higgs and matter scalar soft masses which then allow for light Higgsinos. To gain accord with the measured Higgs mass, we also include a bulk trilinear soft term. The ensuing natural generalized AMSB model then has a set of light Higgsinos with mass nearby the weak scale $m(W,Z,h)\ensuremath{\sim}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ as required by naturalness, while the winos populate the several hundred GeV range and gluinos and squarks occupy the multi-TeV range. For LHC searches, the wino pair production followed by decay to the same-sign diboson signature channel offers excellent prospects for discovery at the high luminosity LHC along with Higgsino pair production leading to soft dileptons plus $\mathrm{jet}(\mathrm{s})+\mathrm{MET}$. A linear ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collider operating above the Higgsino pair production threshold should be able to distinguish the AMSB gaugino spectra from unified or mirage unified scenarios. Dark matter is expected to occur as a Higgsino-like weakly interacting massive particle plus axion admixture.
Mononuclear complexes of a tridentate redox-active ligand with sulfonamido groups: structure, properties, and reactivity

The design of molecular complexes of earth-abundant first-row transition metals that can catalyze multi-electron C-H bond activation processes is of interest for achieving efficient, low-cost syntheses of target molecules. To overcome the propensity of these metals to perform single-electron processes, redox-active ligands have been utilized to provide additional electron equivalents. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel redox active ligand, [ibaps]3-, which binds to transition metals such as FeII and CoII in a meridional fashion through the three anionic nitrogen atoms and provides additional coordination sites for other ligands. In this study, the neutral bidentate ligand 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) was used to complete the coordination spheres of the metal ions and form NEt4[MII(ibaps)bpy] (M = Fe (1) or Co (1-Co)) salts. The FeII salt exhibited rich electrochemical properties and could be chemically oxidized by 1 and 2 equiv. of ferrocenium to form singly and doubly oxidized species, respectively. The reactivity of 1 towards intramolecular C-H bond amination of aryl azides at benzylic and aliphatic carbon centers was explored, and moderate to good yields of the resulting indoline products were obtained.
Planarly Layered Media Problems

In the previous chapter we considered the analysis of an important electromagnetic problem that results in a one-dimensional mathematical model, where the solution was discussed within the framework of Sturm—Liouville theory. It was shown that a generally terminated transmission line leads to a nonself-adjoint problem due to the boundary conditions imposed at the terminating impedances. For certain special terminations the problem is self-adjoint, regardless of the presence or absence of loss on the line.
Explanatory coherence and empirical adequacy: The problem of abduction, and the justification of evolutionary models

Foundationalist theories of justification for science were undermined by the theory-ladeness thesis, which has affinities with coherentist epistemologies. A challenge for defenders of coherentist theories of scientific justification is to specify coherence relations relevant to science and to show how these relations make the truth of their bearers likely. Coherence relations include characteristics that pick out better explanations in the implementation of abductive arguments. Empiricist philosophers have attacked abductive reasoning by claiming that explanatory virtues are pragmatic, having no implications regarding truth. However, empiricist's basic beliefs are subject to the same challenges facing abduction, both of which can be met by citing causally coherent etiologies, which are commonplace in biological explanations, and by demonstrating the relevance of causal coherence to truth.
Does an Electronic Stock Exchange Need an Upstairs Market

We examine the Paris Bourse, whose electronic limit order market closely resembles the downstairs markets envisioned by theorists, to test several theoretical predictions regarding upstairs trading. We present direct evidence in support of the Grossman (1992) prediction that upstairs brokers lower execution costs by tapping into unexpressed liquidity, as actual execution costs upstairs are on average only 20% (35%) as large as they would be if block trades were executed against displayed (displayed and hidden) liquidity in the downstairs limit order book. Consistent with prior analyses, the Paris data also support the Seppi (1990) hypothesis that upstairs brokers certify trades as uninformed. We also find that participants in stocks with less restrictive crossing rules agree to outside-the-quote executions for more difficult trades and at times when downstairs liquidity is lacking. These likely represent trades that could not have been otherwise completed, suggesting that market quality can be enhanced by allowing participants more flexibility to execute blocks at prices outside the quotes.
QSAR of Acute Toxicity of Mono-Substituted Benzene Derivatives to Photobacterium Phosphoreum

One hundred mono-substituted benzene derivatives of the general formula C6H5-X, where X = aliphatic or aromatic group, were tested for acute toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum. The observed toxicity range is close to five orders of magnitude on a molar basis. Quantitative structure-toxicity correlations with the octanol/water partition coefficient, the energy of the ultraviolet absorption band of the compounds, the substituents’ molar refractivity in logarithmic units, and an indicator for acidic -OH groups, explains 61% of the variation observed. Three subsets of these compounds of the general formula C6H5-Y-Z, where Z = aliphatic or aromatic group and Y = NH or CO, C6H4 or N=N-C6H4, and O or OCO, can be described with higher accuracy by the same parameters when grouped accordingly. The toxicity of another subset with Y = CH2 is best described by the molar refractivity and the B3 Sterimol parameter.
Frequency of nonsuicidal self-injury is associated with impulsive decision-making during criticism.

Abstract Research indicates that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impulsive traits, but not impulsive behavior on laboratory tasks, even in the context of negative mood. However, previous studies may not have induced forms of negative affect most relevant to NSSI. For example, evidence implicates both self-criticism and feeling criticized by others in NSSI engagement. We conducted two studies examining whether negative mood related to criticism increases impulsive decision-making among individuals with NSSI histories, using a gambling task embedded with auditory critical comments; participants imagined loved ones saying these comments to them. Study 1 evaluated community adults with (n = 33) and without (n = 31) NSSI histories. Despite no group differences in task performance, we found an association between past-year NSSI frequency and more impulsive choices during criticism. This was confirmed in Study 2 using a separate sample of adults (n = 69) with more frequent and recent NSSI. In regression models including self-criticism and depressive symptoms, only task performance (i.e., decision-making while receiving critical feedback) predicted NSSI frequency across multiple measurement periods. These studies suggest that more frequent and recent NSSI is associated with neurocognitive impulsivity, specifically in negative emotional contexts involving actual or imagined criticism in close relationships.
UNIT 1.2 Fluidics

The primary function of the fluidics of a flow cytometer is to deliver cells to the sensing area in a single file well aligned with the detectors. In a sorting instrument, the fluidics must also be capable of physically isolating those cells selected on the basis of measurements made by the instrument. The unit discusses primary and secondary fluidic functions, types of sensing area, types of sample delivery, potential problems affecting sample flow, and sorting.
CARDIAC MRI IN ASSESSMENT OF PARAVALVULAR AORTIC REGURGITATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Paravalvular leak (PVL) after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is challenging to estimate with echocardiography due to jet eccentricity and metallic imaging artifacts; Cardiac MRI (CMR) can help in quantifying severity of PVL. A 91 year old male presented with dyspnea on exertion and multiple
Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Economic Development: The Experience of Taiwan

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the basic economic recommendations that set Taiwan onto its rapid growth path. These recommendations, or rather the principles underlying them, are of certain theoretical interest, and they are made even more significant by the fact that they were later adopted by South Korea and were at least partially responsible for its equally spectacular economic growth after 1964. The following were the basic economic recommendations: (1) adopt an exchange surrender certificate system and let the certificates be traded freely on the market between exporters and importers under no quantitative restrictions so as to establish an equilibrium and flexible rate of exchange for the available export earnings of foreign exchange; (2) remove the government controls of the interest rates on deposits and loans at all banks, let them follow the competitive interest rates on the market, and, at the same time, repeal the legal ceiling on the rate of interest on the money market outside in the banking system; (3) let the monetary authorities concentrate on keeping the money supply from increasing too fast in comparison with the increase in real national product and the volume of trade, while leaving the interest rates to be determined by the demand for and supply of loanable funds.
Abstract 280: Cardiac Fibroblast Specific Deletion of Gsk3α Alleviate From Cardiac Dysfunction and Fibrotic Remodeling in Ischemic Heart

Heart failure is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity and healthcare expenditures worldwide. Numerous studies from our lab and others have implicated GSK-3 as a promising therapeutic target fo...
Management Consultancy for Innovation

This book provides a new perspective on innovation in consultancy firms. Focusing on how consultancy firms can innovate in the modern era, it exposes and discusses key drivers for innovation in the industry. These are broken down into 5 dimensions - or ‘Poles’ - relating to forms of capital (human capital, social capital, and three types of organizational capital) that consultancy firms can use in order to innovate, both for themselves and for their clients. Readers of this book will not only gain insight into the "innovative consultancy" from the perspective of each of these Poles. They will also discover how consultancy firms need to find the right way of connecting these Poles together in order to produce the desired innovation. Readers will learn about the dangers of misaligning the Poles, as well as implications of innovative consultancy for ethics, academic research in the field of consultancy, and for careers. In addition to the academic literature, the book draws from real-world examples, cases and practice insights from various parts of the world. This book will be of great use to those interested in pursuing a career in the consultancy industry, whether they are undergraduate and postgraduate Business & Management students, students not necessarily studying in Business Schools, or others seeking a career move into consultancy. It will also be valuable to seasoned consultants and managers of consultancy firms seeking new ideas on how to develop innovative capabilities in an increasingly competitive industry.
Biliometrics Analysis of International Research on Crisis Management

The research data are the articles about ″crisis management″ in web of science database during 1975-2009.Using Bibliometrics to analysis the data,using information visualization based on citation analysis,we analyzed the development venation and current situation of crisis management research field.This research analyzes and summarizes the current research situation of these articles,since 1970,the research of international public crisis management are sprouting from policy and natural disaster to the whole economic society field with variety types of crisis,which raise higher demands on the foundation of the crisis management system and raise of the government crisis management capabilities.
Households' public library use across the school calendar

Abstract When schools are on break, some households may be constrained to provide educational resources to their children. Public libraries could be low-cost providers of materials and services that foster educational investment. This research extends existing literature by combining household-level data (public library checkout counts, residential property tax assessment values, student enrollment rosters, and distance to public library measures) to conduct a panel analysis of public library use across the public school calendar. The empirical analyses find that public- school breaks generally impact library use for households with children in public school, but not for households without children in public school or for the lowest socioeconomic status households with children in public school. Distance to library is found to be negatively correlated with public library use for all households, but differentially and dependent on households' socioeconomic status and structure. Lastly, community events and weather are identified to impact use.
A decision support model for supplier portfolio selection in the retail industry

In this paper we propose and test a staged knapsack model to create a supplier portfolio for retailers. The first two stages in the model use judgement criteria related to supplier characteristics ...
28201 A cross-sectional study of dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in the oldest old

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Understanding dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of the aging population may help address concerns and dietary guidelines regarding their nutritional needs. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that a healthy dietary pattern in the oldest old (aged 80 years and older) is related to greater compliance with dietary recommendations and better nutrient intake profiles. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 122 participants aged 82 to 97 years old from the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS) cohort in rural Pennsylvania (n = 56 men and 66 women). The main outcome measures of the investigation were the daily nutrient intakes and food group intakes evaluated from the average of three 24-hour dietary recalls. The dietary patterns were determined by cluster analysis from 28 food groups. Diet quality and adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and the Dietary Screening Tool (DST). Recommended intakes were determined by the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Less than 50% of participants met the dietary recommended intakes for vitamins D, E, K, B6, dietary fiber, zinc, potassium, and calcium. The more-nutrient-dense cluster was characterized by higher intakes of fruits and vegetables. The less-nutrient-dense cluster was characterized by higher intakes of foods including desserts and sweets. After adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake, participants in the more-nutrient-dense dietary pattern had a higher intake of vitamins A, D, K, C, fiber, and potassium (p < 0.05 for all). After adjusting for age and sex, participants in the more-nutrient-dense pattern had better diet quality assessed by the (HEI)-2015 (p < 0.001) and DST (p = 0.006). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Among the oldest old, many participants were found to have nutrient intakes lower than the recommended levels for fundamental nutrients suggesting that dietary guidance in addition to a dietary pattern more aligned with dietary guidelines may be beneficial for supporting healthy aging.
The association of osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs with preventive behaviors in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors

BACKGROUND Postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (PBCS) are at increased risk of bone loss and fractures due to age-related decline of estrogen, and this risk is compounded by aromatase inhibitor cancer therapy. Several patient-level targetable risk factors can mitigate osteoporosis risk; however, adequate health behavior and risk perception in this population are underreported. The goal of this study was to evaluate osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs and assess their association with engagement in osteoporosis preventive behaviors among PBCS. METHODS In this cross-sectional descriptive study, early stage I-IIIA PBCS (ages 55-86 years) completed the Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz, Osteoporosis Health Beliefs Scale, and Osteoporosis Preventive Behaviors questionnaires. Participants who were non-English speaking or declined to participate were excluded. Clinical and sociodemographic information were obtained from chart review and baseline questionnaire, respectively. Fisher's exact test, Student t-test, and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests were used where appropriate to assess the association between knowledge and beliefs with engagement in osteoporosis preventive behaviors. RESULTS The mean participant age was 66.1 years with 20% self-reporting as non-Hispanic White, 40% non-Hispanic Black, 27% Hispanic, and 13% other. Approximately 83% of the cohort had estrogen receptor positive breast cancer and received a bone density scan within the last six years. Osteoporosis knowledge (10.5 ± 3.4), seriousness (14.9 ± 3.8), and susceptibility (14.0 ± 3.5) mean scores were low among PBCS. Most PBCS (75%) were adherent to calcium and vitamin D supplements, but only 47% reported engagement in strength-training exercises. Married/partnered, higher osteoporosis knowledge and health motivation scores were associated with strength-training exercise. After adjustment for marital status and osteoporosis knowledge, only health motivation score remained significantly associated with strength-training exercise (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.35-22.93). CONCLUSIONS PBCS are highly motivated to keep a healthy lifestyle despite limited osteoporosis knowledge, perceived risk, and susceptibility. However, < 50% participated in strength-training exercise. Our findings suggest that oncologic care should include osteoporosis and fracture prevention strategies, directed at encouraging cancer survivors to increase their engagement in osteoporosis preventive behaviors, particularly strength-training exercises.