cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stair climbing as an exercise test to predict the postoperative complications of lung resection. Two years' experience.

The results of a clinically performed preoperative stair climb was compared to the presence of postthoracotomy complications in the retrospective hospital record review of 54 adult men. The stair climb was a maximum of five flights (125 steps) performed at the patient's rate and terminated at his request. Pulmonary function measurements and facets of the stair climb physiology were also examined in reference to the presence, type, and severity of complications experienced. Most minor complications such as transient arrhythmias, atelectasis, and pneumonia were clearly not predicted by the stair climb performance. The ability to climb three flights preoperatively most clearly separated those patients having the longer postoperative intubation and hospital stay, greater frequency of complications, and cumulative complication score (p (Chest 1991; 99:587–90)
Public Understanding of Cognitive Neuroscience Research Findings: Trying to Peer Beyond Enchanted Glass

This article considers the appeal of cognitive neuroscience research to the general public within the context of the deep puzzles involved in using our minds to understand how our minds work. It offers a few promising examples of findings that illuminate the ways of the mind and reveal these workings to be counter-intuitive with our subjective experience. However, this promise is tempered by the powerful role that perception, attention, and cognition play in how we reason about evidence. It argues that the interplay between what we believe about the nature of our minds and what the findings suggest constitutes a primary challenge in encouraging public understanding of cognitive neuroscience findings.
Power and Agency in Language Policy Appropriation.

In this article we proffer a theoretical model for analyzing power in language policy processes and incorporate ethnographic data to illustrate the usefulness of the model. Grounded in an ethnographic project in the US state of Washington, we examine how nominally identical school district-level programs, which are funded under the same state-level language policy, end up being different in practice. While language policy is often portrayed as multiply layered, or taking place across multiple levels of policy activity, we argue that language policy arbiters wield a disproportionate amount of power relative to other individuals in a particular level or layer. Our analysis focuses on how beliefs about language, language education, and educational research impact the decision-making of individuals we identify as language policy arbiters. We argue that the proposed model usefully highlights how language policy arbiters open and close spaces for additive bilingual education.
The Effects of Alternative Labels on Decision Behavior: The Case of Corporate Site Selection Decisions

Abstract The influence of alternative labels on decision processes and outcomes were examined in a multidimensional decision task with realistic decision information and experienced decision makers. Based on prior research, it was predicted that labels would influence selection and ratings of decision alternatives, as well as the extent of information search and the information search strategies. Subjects (n = 26) experienced in making and/or aiding business relocation decisions completed two computer controlled site selection tasks: one with labeled locations and one with unlabeled locations. Results indicated that labeling influenced both decision processes and location ratings. An interaction between order of task completion and labeling suggested that labeling effects on decision making may be minimized if an unlabeled task is completed prior to a labeled task. Implications and limitations are discussed in terms of labeling effects and decision quality.
Outer-membrane proteins induced by T4 bacteriophage

Abstract After infection of Escherichia coli B with T4 bacteriophage, five newly synthesized proteins, as indicated by disc gel electrophoresis, are found in the outer or Triton-insoluble membrane of the cell. Three of these are apparent as early as 5 min after infection. All five are apparent at 10 and 15 min post-infection. The possibility that they are phage structural proteins is precluded by the use of a phage mutant unable to synthesize structural proteins. The outer-membrane proteins induced by T2 bacteriophage appear to be fewer in number and larger than those synthesized by T4. Both T2 and T4 inhibit the production of the major proteins found in the host cell outer membrane, but do so rather slowly. Pre-existing host membrane proteins are not changed by phage infection.
Role of protein O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine in mediating cell function and survival in the cardiovascular system

There is growing recognition that the O-linked attachment of N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a highly dynamic post-translational modification that plays a key role in signal transduction pathways. Numerous proteins have been identified as targets of O-GlcNAc modifications including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, chaperons, and cytoskeletal proteins. Modulation of O-GlcNAc levels has been shown to modify DNA binding, enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, the half-life of proteins, and subcellular localization. The level of O-GlcNAc is regulated in part by the metabolism of glucose via the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), and the metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia, are all associated with increased flux through the HBP and elevated O-GlcNAc levels. Increased HBP flux and O-GlcNAc levels have been implicated in the impaired relaxation of isolated cardiomyocytes, blunted response to angiotensin II and phenylephrine, hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and endothelial and vascular cell dysfunction. In contrast to these adverse effects, recent studies have also shown that O-GlcNAc levels increase in response to acute stress and that this is associated with increased cell survival. Thus, while the relationship between O-GlcNAc levels and cellular function is complex and not well-understood, it is clear that these pathways play a critical role in the regulation of cell function and survival in the cardiovascular system and may be implicated in the adverse effects of metabolic disease on the heart.
Oxidase activity in waxmoth larvae during metamorphosis: Effect of juvenile hormone and injury☆

Abstract Mixed-function oxidase activity in the fat body of last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella shows a cyclic variation, being high in the middle of the instar and low at the start and end of the instar. Juvenile hormone (JH) injection into 3-day-old larvae and its application to incubation mixtures decreases the oxidase activity. Based on in vitro studies and use of injury-induced superlarvae and injured larvae whose metamorphosis was delayed, JH appears to act directly on insect tissues to depress oxidase activity.
The future of wireless charging [Microwave Surfing]

Ah, the freedom of walking around with a sleek ultraportable computer, surfing the Web while also chatting with a friend on a mobile phone, all through invisible wireless networks! Unfortunately, sooner or later, the computer and phone batteries run out of juice and one is forced to search for their power adapters and tether them to a power strip. If only we could charge these devices wirelessly!
“Instinct” in Sport Journalism: A Case of Value‐added Attribution*

In their roles of reality mediator and expert interpreter, sport journalists invoke the term “instinct” to explain successful athletic performances. This study of journalistic uses of instinct (N = 41) identifies three elements–ability, experience, and cognition–which comprise instinct. Theoretically, instinct is a journalistic attribution of stable, internally-located success, the elements of which can be combined into a value-added sequence. Insights from symbolic interactionism enhance understanding instinct in relationship to the broader, cultural significance of American sport.
System-on-a-chip test scheduling with precedence relationships, preemption, and power constraints

Test scheduling is an important problem in system-on-a-chip (SOC) test automation. Efficient test schedules minimize the overall system test application time, avoid test resource conflicts, and limit power dissipation during test mode. In this paper, we present an integrated approach to several test scheduling problems. We first present a method to determine optimal schedules for reasonably sized SOCs with precedence relationships, i.e., schedules that preserve desirable orderings among tests. We also present an efficient heuristic algorithm to schedule tests for large SOCs with precedence constraints in polynomial time. We describe a novel algorithm that uses preemption of tests to obtain efficient schedules for SOCs. Experimental results for an academic SOC and an industrial SOC show that efficient test schedules can be obtained in reasonable CPU time.
Influencing College Attendance Plans

This study compared the effectiveness of a filmstrip with that of a filmstrip- and-counseling program in influencing the college attendance plans of high school juniors. Students in a “typical” New York City high school were matched on certain variables and randomly assigned to a filmstrip group which viewed a 15-minute filmstrip about community colleges, a counseling group which saw the filmstrip and had a 15-minute personal interview with a community college counselor, and a control group. Students then completed a post-secondary school plans questionnaire. Analysis of their responses indicated that the combination of the filmstrip and the counseling significantly increased the number of students considering community college attendance compared with the control group, but that the filmstrip alone had no effect. The results indicate the importance of personal counseling compared with the sole use of mass media in efforts to influence post-high school plans.
Treating Serious Emotional and Behavioural Problems Using Multisystemic Therapy

Multisystemic therapy (MST) is a family- and community-based treatment of serious emotional and behavioural problems presented by adolescents. The development of this model began in the late 1970s, and today MST is a leading evidence-based treatment of serious antisocial behaviour in youths, with programs transported to more than 30 states in the United States and 12 nations, including Australia and New Zealand. This article rerviews the theoretical rationale that underlies MST and presents the central clinical features of the intervention model. In addition, the training and quality assurance protocols used to promote MST program fidelity and treatment adherence are described. Finally, findings from approximately 15 published randomised and two quasi-experimental clinical trials with youths presenting serious clinical problems (e.g., violence, substance abuse, serious emotional disturbance, sexual offending, and chronic illness) are summarised.
Gentrification and crime

Abstract Low-income and high-income agents compete for space in an inner city, which has more crime but better access. The spatial equilibrium is characterized by income mixing, a result of the assumption that agents differ in the marginal disutility of travel time. Gentrification, defined as the displacement of low-income households, results from a decrease in crime or an increase in the frequency of travel to the center. Changes in the income mix are self-reinforcing because the crime rate is increasing in the number of low-income agents, and the prices of local goods are decreasing in the population of the relevant group (the Starbucks effect). A case study of Portland, Oregon provides an example of gentrification in the 1990s.
Pottering: a design-oriented investigation

In this paper we examine a ubiquitous yet overlooked aspect of home-life, pottering. The Oxford English Dictionary defines pottering as "To occupy oneself in an ineffectual or trifling way; to work or act in a feeble or desultory manner; to trifle, to dabble." It is thus a term used to describe a variety of activities but none in particular. Below, we give shape to the practice of pottering and in doing so aim to demonstrate how such an investigation has broad implications for HCI and designing for the home. We also report on our experiences of using design sketching as an analytical resource.
Effect of Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate on the Synthesis of Enzymes Sensitive to Catabolite Repression in Intact Cells of Escherichia coli

Abstract Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate inhibits the synthesis of β-galactosidase and tryptophanase in cultures of Escherichia coli growing in minimal media with glucose or glycerol as the carbon source. Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate acts at the transcriptional level in the lac operon, it exerts its action at the promoter site of the operon, and requires the presence of functional cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate receptor protein.
Using thread-level speculation to simplify manual parallelization

In this paper, we provide examples of how thread-level speculation (TLS) simplifies manual parallelization and enhances its performance. A number of techniques for manual parallelization using TLS are presented and results are provided that indicate the performance contribution of each technique on seven SPEC CPU2000 benchmark applications. We also provide indications of the programming effort required to parallelize each benchmark. TLS parallelization yielded a 110% speedup on our four floating point applications and a 70% speedup on our three integer applications, while requiring only approximately 80 programmer hours and 150 lines of non-template code per application. These results support the idea that manual parallelization using TLS is an efficient way to extract fine-grain thread-level parallelism.
Prediction of Shelf-Life of Frozen Minced Fish in Terms of Oxidative Rancidity as Measured by TBARS Number

The lipid, iron, myoglobin, and hemoglobin contents and the time for extracted lipids to gain 1% weight (a measure of autoxidation potential) were measured in 12 samples of six fish species. These were taken singly and in combination to prepare models to predict the shelf life of frozen minced fish, based on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels. By using only the potential for the extracted lipids to autoxidize, a reasonably accurate model was obtained (R2= 0.83). Incorporating some of the compositional factors into the models improved the simple model. These models could be useful in providing fairly rapid estimation of the TBA number based shelf-life of frozen minced fish.
Gold nanoparticle ensembles as heaters and actuators: melting and collective plasmon resonances

We describe the peculiar conditions under which optically driven gold nanoparticles (NPs) can significantly increase temperature or even melt a surrounding matrix. The heating and melting processes occur under light illumination and involve the plasmon resonance. For the matrix, we consider water, ice, and polymer. Melting and heating the matrix becomes possible if a nanoparticle size is large enough. Significant enhancement of the heating effect can appear in ensembles of NPs due to an increase of a volume of metal and electric-field amplification.
Synthesis of the Himachalenes by an Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction Route

Abstract Cyclization of an acyclic triene in an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction sense constitutes a one-step production of a bicyclic olefin. Such method of synthesis should find broad acceptance in the field of organic natural products, especially in light of the high desirability of rapid acquisition of complexity of structure.2 The following synthesis of α- and β-himachalene (A and B, respectively)3 illustrates an application of the scheme in the sesquiterpene area.
Genetic Transformation of an argB Mutant of Aspergillus oryzae.

Abstract An argB mutant of Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 492 has been genetically transformed with the Aspergillus nidulans argB gene. Protoplasts were generated with a combination of Novozyme 234 and β-glucuronidase and regenerated on sucrose-stabilized minimal medium without arginine as described for A. nidulans. A frequency of 5 to 10 transformants per μg of DNA was obtained; however, most transformants appeared abortive. The A. nidulans argB gene and vector sequences appeared to be integrated into the A. oryzae chromosome.
Joint routing and navigation protocols for data harvesting in sensor networks

This paper presents an integrated sink navigation and data routing framework called network-assisted data collection (NADC) in which optimum trajectories for a mobile data harvester (MDH) are computed such that a desired balance between energy-efficiency and collection delay is achieved. We have formulated the problem of mobile sink based data collection using a configurable knob (k) to find the desired balance. The key concept is to appropriately adjust the data routing and mobile sink trajectory by varying parameter k. The paper introduces a large slew of application scenarios with their unique optimization objectives, and demonstrates the relevance of the proposed framework in each such scenario. The notable solution components of NADC include a fully distributed and network assisted MDH navigation mechanism that does not rely on sensor localization services, and a multi-hop routing mechanism which works with the underlying sink navigation so that the sensor data can be aggregated and uploaded through dynamically chosen gateway nodes located around the sink trajectory.
Effect of Contact Lens Wear on the Conjunctival Mucous System

Abstract Biopsy specimens from the upper tarsal conjunctiva of 20 contact lens wearers with a clinically evident increase in mucus and ten non-lens wearing subjects were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy to determine the effect of contact lens wear on the mucous cell system(s). Three types of crypts associated with mucous secretion were found in all specimens: those with intracellular openings (type I, 0.1 to 0.2 μm) associated with non-goblet mucous secretory cells; those with small intercellular openings (type II, 1 to 2 μm) usually associated with goblet cells; and those with intraepithelial and intrastromal crypts with large intercellular openings (type III, 10 to 60 μm) lined with goblet and non-goblet mucous secretory cells. Contact lens wearers had increased numbers of non-goblet cells with mucous secretory vesicles lining the surface of the conjunctiva and the epithelial infoldings of type III crypts than did the normal subjects. We conclude that increased mucous secretion in contact lens wearers is associated with an increased number of cells and number of secretory vesicles involved in the non-goblet cell mucous system.
Estrogen Receptor Activation--Good, Aldosterone Receptor Blockade--Beneficial, Communication Between Receptors...Priceless

Steroid receptors are essentially transcription factors. When estrogens activate estrogen receptors (ERs) and aldosterone activates the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) these steroid-receptor complexes enter the nucleus. On entry, these complexes bind to their respective response elements leading to the regulation of gene expression. This transcriptional regulation of key genes in target tissues yields relevant reproductive and endocrine functions. Because ER and MR are expressed in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular cells, genes essential to cardiovascular function and cardiovascular pathophysiology are regulated by aldosterone and estrogens.1,2 The consensus from research on cardiovascular tissue focusing on estrogens is that ER activation is beneficial. Specifically, ER activation has been suggested to attenuate mitogen-activated protein kinase growth signaling in response to pressure overload, increase endothelial NO synthesis, reduce vascular cell proliferation, and decrease endothelin expression.1 In addition, blunted hypertrophic responses in female mice lacking the ryanodine receptor-associated protein and guanylyl cyclase-A receptor suggest that estrogens may attenuate calcineurin/nuclear factor-activated T-cell signaling and or mediate downstream signaling in the atrial natriuretic peptide-guanylyl cyclase cascade.3,4 Whereas ER activation with specific and nonspecific estrogen agonists produce molecular responses favoring cardiovascular protection, the contrary has been demonstrated with studies examining MR activation. …
Rapid Induction of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-rich Intraepithelial Clones in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated Hamster Buccal Pouch

Individual γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-stained cells and cell doublets were rapidly induced in the epithelium of hamster buccal pouch treated with biweekly topical applications of 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil. The cells were detected histochemically in whole mounts of pouch epithelium harvested as early as 3 days after the first application of this carcinogen. During 3 consecutive weeks of DMBA treatment, progressively larger GGT-stained epithelial cell populations (plaques) up to 0.5 mm in diameter were encountered. Similar GGT-stained lesions were not detected in whole mounts of untreated epithelium and were rarely seen in GGT-stained whole mounts prepared from mineral oil-treated pouch epithelium. In an experiment designed to assess the stability of the GGT-staining pattern, very few plaques could be detected 12 weeks after a 3-week regimen of six DMBA applications. However, data are presented suggesting that a brief series of three DMBA applications reinduced GGT histochemical activity in occult intraepithelial plaques, which had lost enzyme activity but had persisted over an 11-week treatment-free interval. The clonal nature of the GGT-stained plaques and their apparent ability to persist in an occult form for several weeks or months lend further support to the hypothesis that these carcinogenaltered cell populations may be potential precursors for the development of squamous epithelial neoplasia.
Nadine-a feedforward neural network for arbitrary nonlinear time series

It is shown that Madaline networks applied to the modeling of time series realize a constrained Volterra series because of the fixed nature of the nonlinearity. The authors introduce a novel feedforward structure, named Nadine, that can model arbitrary Volterra series and hence arbitrary, analytic nonlinearities with memory. Nadine can be realized using layers of adaptive linear combiners in which the outputs of one layer are used as the weights rather than the activities of the next layer. This structure admits local adaptation of the linear combiners, making it possible to implement backpropagation-style learning without actually propagating adaptation information between the layers. Nadine is therefore very modular, easy to implement, and readily extendible. High-order neural networks and polynomial discriminant-based methods are the special cases of Nadine which can now be implemented modularly without involving preprocessing. >
Evolutionary Expansion of Structurally Complex DNA Sequences

The observed number per base pair (i.e. the frequency) of G 3+ N 1-7 G 3+ N 1-7 G 3+ N 1-7 G 3+ motifs has increased rapidly in the eumetazoa for which complete genomic sequences are available. This increase appears to be under positive selective pressure since it exceeds the frequency expected for a random sequence genome in every case. Since the motif is capable of forming several non-B DNA structures including quadruplexes, triplexes and hairpins, the expansion has been enabled by the presence of systems capable of suppressing non-B DNA conformations during normal replication and repair and by the emergence of proteins that promote the formation of unusual structures at these sites. Positive selection for these motifs suggests that they are not merely associated with their negative effects on genome stability, but may be useful in increasing the number of structural states in nucleic acids that are available for the elaboration of epigenetic states. The evolutionary progression among the eumetazoan animals is a progression that has generated increasing developmental complexity. The serial emergence of eumetazoans, bilaterians, protostomes, deuterostomes, chordates, vertebrates and mammals marks a progressive increase in developmental complexity and therefore a progressive increase in the underlying epigenetic potential of the respective genomes. The well-known expansion of genome size in this progression is consistent with evidence for combinatorial models of epigenetic complexity in which multiple inputs from regulatory proteins and regulatory RNAs in expanded genomes modulate transcription of structural and metabolic
Prenatal mild pyelectasis: evaluating the thresholds of renal pelvic diameter associated with normal postnatal renal function.

Objective. To determine the threshold of the renal pelvic anteroposterior (AP) diameter that predicts normal postnatal renal outcome in the follow-up of cases with mild pyelectasis. Methods. A retrospective review of our sonography database was conducted over a 3-year period for cases of mild pyelectasis diagnosed between 18 and 30 weeks. Cases were evaluated for the association between different thresholds of renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter and normal postnatal function after 32 weeks’ gestation and also for the initial renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter at 18 to 30 weeks. Results. In the 3-year period, 7416 women were evaluated, and 150 cases with a diagnosis of pyelectasis (2%) were identified. Among the 115 women meeting our inclusion criteria, complete outcomes were available for 66. Persistent postnatal renal anomalies were seen in 20 cases (30%). On the basis of receiver operating characteristic curves, the renal threshold that best predicted normal postnatal outcome was an anteroposterior diameter of less than 7.0 mm after 32 weeks, yielding sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 85%, respectively (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11‐0.86; P < .02). Conclusions. In the follow-up of fetuses with a diagnosis of mild pyelectasis between 18 and 30 weeks, a renal pelvic anteroposterior diameter of less than 7.0 mm after 32 weeks is highly predictive of normal postnatal renal function. Therefore, only those with an anteroposterior diameter of greater
SocialStories: Segmenting Stories within Trending Twitter Topics

This study present SocialStories - a system based on incremental clustering for streaming tweets, for identifying fine-grained stories within a broader trending topic on Twitter. The contributions include a novel tf-metric, called the inverse cluster frequency, and a decay weighting for entities. We present our experiments on 0.19 million tweets posted in June 2014, revolving around the mentions of a software brand before, during and after a marketing conference and a software release. The novelty of our work is the text-based similarity calculation metrics, including a new similarity metric, called the inverse cluster frequency, and time-specific metrics that allow for the decay of old entities with the passage of time and preserve the homogeneity and the freshness of stories. We report improved performance and higher recall of 80%, against the gold standard (posthoc journalistic reports), as compared to LDA-, and Wavelet-based systems. Our algorithm is able to cluster 80% of all tweets into story-based clusters, which are 86% pure. It also enables earlier detection of trending stories than manual reports, and is far more accurate in identifying fine-grained stories within sub-topics as compared to baseline systems.
A Meridic Diet and Rearing Technique for the Pales Weevil larva

A wheat germ diet was developed for rearing Hylobius pales (Herbst) from the egg stage, with approximately 50% survival. Callow adults were obtained in about 55 days. The pupation rate was seriously reduced among the weevils reared in small plastic cups, compared with those in plastic petri dishes.
Direct analysis of sialylated or sulfated glycosphingolipids and other polar and neutral lipids using TLC-MS interfaces

Gangliosides and sulfatides (STs) are acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that have one or more sialic acids or sulfate substituents, in addition to neutral sugars, attached to the C-1 hydroxyl group of the ceramide long chain base. TLC is a widely employed and convenient technique for separation and characterization of GSLs. When TLC is directly coupled to MS, it provides both the molecular mass and structural information without further purification. Here, after development of the TLC plates, the structural analyses of acidic GSLs, including gangliosides and STs, were investigated using the liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA™) and CAMAG TLC-MS interfaces coupled to an ESI QSTAR Pulsar i quadrupole orthogonal TOF mass spectrometer. Coupling TLC with ESI-MS allowed the acquisition of high resolution mass spectra of the acidic GSLs with high sensitivity and mass accuracy, without the loss of sialic acid residues that frequently occurs during low-pressure MALDI MS. These systems were then applied to the analysis of total lipid extracts from bovine brain. This allowed profiling of many different lipid classes, not only gangliosides and STs, but also SMs, neutral GSLs, and phospholipids.
Getting to the (Square) Root of the Problem: How to Make Noncoherent Pumped Upconversion Linear

We present experimental data illustrating that photochemical upconversion based on sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation can exhibit anti-Stokes emissions whose intensities with respect to the excitation power can vary between quadratic and linear using a noncoherent polychromatic light source. The benchmark upconverting composition consisting of Pd(II) octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) sensitizers and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) acceptors/annihilators in toluene was selected to generate quadratic, intermediate, and linear behavior under both coherent and noncoherent excitation conditions. Each of these power laws was traversed in a single sample in one contiguous experiment through selective pumping of the sensitizer using an Ar+ laser. Wavelength-dependent responses ranging from quadratic to pseudolinear were also recorded from the identical sample composition when excited by Xe lamp/monochromator output in a conventional fluorimeter, where the optical density at λex dictates the observed incident power de...
Flow Control in a Diffuser at Transonic Conditions

In some airplanes such as fighter jets and UAVs, short inlet ducts replace the more conventional ducts due to their shorter length. However, these ducts, which are associated with low length-to-diameter ratio and low aspect ratio, experience massive separation and the presence of secondary flow structures. These flow phenomena are undesirable as they lead to pressure losses and distortion at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP), where the engine face is located. Due to the complex interaction between the separation and the secondary flow structures, it was necessary to first understand the flow mechanisms, and how to control them at a more fundamental level. Therefore, a new diffuser with an upper ramp and a straight floor was designed and built and a canonical flow field was achieved by applying suction at the corners of the rectangular diffuser. The objective of this project was to explore the effectiveness of different flow control techniques in a high subsonic (up to Mach 0.83) diffuser. It was shown that the activation of either a steady or unsteady twodimensional Jet, located just upstream of the ramp, delayed separation on the ramp and increased the pressure recovery by 9.7% at a Mach number of 0.7 and with a mass flow ratio of m = 1.50%. In addition to the two-dimensional jet actuator, arrays of sweeping and pulsed jets were also tested. They were evaluated at their maximum mass flow ratio m = 0.65% . The pressure recovery was increased by 3.7%, suggesting that these two actuators performed better than the two-dimensional jet actuator when it was activated at a mass flow ratio of m = 1%.
Compensatory changes in thyroid blood flow are only partially mediated by thyrotropin

It has been shown that the compensatory growth of the thyroid gland and the compensatory increase in hormone secretion that occur after hemithyroidectomy are preceded by a dramatic increase in thyroid blood flow (BF). These alterations in the thyroid remnant may be due to the concomitant increase in plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations. It has been suggested, however, that the compensatory thyroid growth may also involve a neural reflex. In this study we have investigated the role of TSH in mediating the compensatory alterations in thyroid BF and mass after subtotal thyroidectomy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with ether for surgical or sham hemithyroidectomy. One-half of the hemithyroidectomized rats (HTX) received no further treatment; in the other one-half of the HTX rats (Clamp), plasma TSH levels were maintained at levels comparable with those in sham-operated animals by initiating constant thyroid hormone replacement beginning at the time of hemithyroidectomy. Plasma samples for TSH, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine radioimmunoassays were obtained 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery. Thyroid BF was determined at 1, 2, and 3 wk after surgery by the reference sample version of the radioactive microsphere technique (141Ce, 15 microns diameter). Plasma TSH levels and thyroid lobe weight were significantly elevated in HTX rats but not in Clamp rats. Thyroid BF was markedly increased in HTX rats. Thyroid BF was also significantly increased in Clamp rats despite the suppression of the rise in plasma TSH concentration, but this increase was less than that in HTX rats. Neither hemithyroidectomy nor Clamp treatments had any effect on arterial blood pressure or BF to other tissues (e.g., kidney).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Risk Analysis on Adjacent Mine Water Inrush Caused by Groundwater Rebound of Abandoned Coal Mine

Groundwater level rebounded after coal mines abandoned,and the changes of groundwater level probably damaged the waterproof pillars between coal mines,which brought a great water inrush threat for the adjacent production mine.Based on the analysis of components of waterproof pillars and lateral pressure forced on pillars,it obtained the maximum water pressure calculation formula of waterproof pillar destruction.Through establishing the theory model of typical abandoned mines,it carried out simulation calculation for groundwater level rebound to get the data of water level change.With the formula,it obtained the critical water level and possible damage time of waterproof pillars in this model,and analyzed the degree of water inrush threat for adjacent mine.
Synthesis of Dithiolane Derivatives and Analogues with Dual iNOS and PAF Inhibitory Activities

AIM:To investigate a new type of dual acting anti-inflammatory agents. METHOD:A group of novel dithiolane derivatives and their analogs were synthesized. The effects of several dithiolane compounds and a highly potent and selective PAF-receptor antagonist, L659,989 on PAF-receptor binding,IFN-γ and LPS-induced NO production and steady state iNOS mRNA expression were determined. RESULT:Among forty new compounds(1～40) synthesized,nineteen compounds were found to inhibit the production of NO at different levels. The three most active compounds(2,19,20) appeared to decrease iNOS mRNA expression. The order of relative potency of the inhibition of NO production from high to low is 19,20,2 , L659,989, while the potency for blocking PAF-receptor from high to low is L659,989,20,2,19 . The PAF antagonist, L659,989 showed no effect on NO production and iNOS mRNA expression. Among the dithiolane derivatives tested,there is also no simple correlation between their PAF-receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION:Dithiolane derivatives and their analogs are a new synthetic chemical class of iNOS expression regulators,some of which have dual biological functions:inhibiting iNOS induction and blocking PAF-receptor. More potent compounds with such dual actions may be useful synthetic therapeutic agents under various conditions such as septic shock and inflammatory disorders where the reduction of both NO production and PAF activity would be desirable.
Unusual complication of colonoscopy

A 52-year-old woman presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain. She was discharged from the outpatient surgical unit after she had screening colonoscopy. On presentation, her vitals were normal. She was found to have tenderness in the left upper quadrant. Initial X-ray of the abdomen did not reveal free air, …
Asymptomatic unilateral microembolic retinopathy secondary to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Background: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for the treatment of coronary artery disease has increased in frequency as technological advances have made the procedure more effective and cost-efficient. In spite of the number of procedures that have been performed, ocular complications have rarely been reported Case Report: A case of asymptomatic unilateral microembolic retinopathy one month after PTCA is presented. Embolic events to the retinal circulation and their relationship to invasive cardiac procedures is discussed. Conclusions: The embolic ocular complications of PTCA is probably underestimated due to the lack of symptoms from the partial occlusion of the larger retinal arteries and the total occlusion of the remote smaller vessels.
The organization of memory: A parallel distributed processing perspective.

Parallel distributed processing (PDP) provides a contemporary framework for thinking about the nature and organization of perception, memory, language, and thought. In this talk I describe the overall framework briefly and discuss its implications of procedural, semantic, and episodic memory. According to the PDP approach, the processing of information takes place through the interaction of a large number of simple processing units organized into modules. Storage occurs through the modification of connection weights based on the system's response to its input, that provides an opportunity for incremental storage. I will describe how connection modification may give rise through the course of experience to procedural learning and to the formation of semantic memories, structured by their semantic content. I will argue that the discovery of semantic structure requires gradual learning, with repeated exposure to representative samples of the structure to be learned. I will then describe two neuropsychological implications of the PDP approach. First, I will consider the possible modular organization of semantic information in the brain. Then, I will examine the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory. In the first case, we will see how the PDP approach leads us to see how brain damage might produce apparent dissociations between categories, when in fact the underlying organization is not by category but by modality. In the second case, we will see that the PDP approach gives us a new way to understand why it is important that unique, arbitrary associations not be stored all at once in the same memory's systems used for semantic information.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hiding outliers into crowd

In recent years, many organizations publish their data in non-aggregated format for research purpose. However, publishing non-aggregated data raises serious concerns in data privacy. One of the concerns is that when outliers exist in the dataset, they are easier to be distinguished from the crowd and their privacy is prone to be compromised. In this paper, we study the problem of privacy-preserving publishing datasets that contain outliers. We define the distinguishability-based attack by which the adversary can identify outliers and reveal their private information from an anonymized dataset. We show that the existing syntactic privacy models (e.g., k-anonymity and ?-diversity) cannot defend against the distinguishability-based attack. We define the plain ?-diversity to provide privacy guarantee to outliers against the distinguishability-based attack, and design efficient algorithms to anonymize the dataset to achieve plain ?-diversity with low information loss. We extend our anonymization approach to deal with continuous release of a series of datasets that contain outliers. Our experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approaches.
Maternal mortalities due to infectious diseases at a tertiary care centre in India

Background: Maternal death and poor birth outcomes are major public health issues in much of the world. Most of the mortality and morbidity burden around child birth are directly due to obstetrical problems such as haemorrhage. However, there is very little information on the importance of the great diversity of infectious diseases on pregnancy outcome, especially in the tropics. There is poor evidence as to whether obstetrics patients are at a higher risk of diseases that are common causes of fever in the tropical areas and what the impact is on mothers and their offspring, by pathogens and gestational age. Understanding of this fact is impaired as deaths from infectious diseases and deaths in pregnancy are often not evaluated jointly in public health surveillance. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational case series undertaken at a tertiary care centre at Seth G. S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India during the period of January 2011 to December 2015.This data collection was done by reviewing the maternal death record forms. Results: This study shows that there is significant number (23.58%) of maternal deaths due to infectious diseases. Out of a total of 37266 deliveries over a period of five years, 407 maternal deaths occurred and out of these 96 patients died due to infectious diseases. Among these, deaths due to tuberculosis were seen in 32.29%, hepatitis E 26.04%, pyrexia of unknown origin 9.3%, malaria 8.33%, dengue 6.25%, swine flu 5.2%, leptospirosis 3.12%, and community acquired pneumonia 3.12%, viral encephalitis 2.08%, tuberculosis with HIV 2.08%, amoebiasis and typhoid 1.04% each. Conclusions: Though India failed to achieve the millennium development goal, it fell short of the goal by a small margin. Educational status and the socioeconomic development are major factors that need to be corrected. Effective preventive strategies at personal and community level will definitely reduce the preventable maternal mortalities due to infectious diseases and aid India in achieving further targets.
SYNTHESIS AND MATURATION OF TRANSMEMBRANE VIRAL GLYCOPROTEINS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes synthesis and maturation of transmembrane viral glycoproteins. The biosynthesis of integral membrane glycoproteins has been studied using RNA-containing enveloped viruses such as VSV and Sindbis virus as model systems. The advantage of using such systems is that the viruses contain few structural proteins, including usually one (VSV:G protein) or two (Sindbis: E1 and E2) integral membrane glycoproteins and in some cases, an internal peripheral membrane protein (VSV:M protein). In contrast, an average mammalian cell contains several hundred membrane proteins. In a study described in the chapter, both viruses were utilized to probe two fundamental questions in membrane biogenesis: the first question was how are glycoproteins synthesized on, glycosylated by, and inserted into the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the case of VSV G and Sindbis pE2 (the precursor to E2), achieve a transmembrane disposition in the membrane; the second question was how do these proteins move from their site of synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface and how is the budding virus particle formed. This chapter discusses the progress in these areas.
Additional Loci and Nonhuman DNA Testing

This chapter examines other DNA markers that are being used or being developed for forensic DNA typing purposes or other applications. Additional autosomal or Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci can be beneficial or even necessary to address a variety of other human identity/relationship testing questions. Some desirable characteristics in potential supplemental STR loci as compared to the core loci that are now widely used are given in the chapter. A single-base sequence variation among individuals at a particular point in the genome is often referred to as a “single nucleotide polymorphism” (SNP). The chapter presents pros and cons of SNPs. A number of SNP typing methods are available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. A few SNP analysis techniques are summarized in the chapter. SNP markers may be classified into four general uses: human identification SNPs, ancestry informative SNPs, lineage informative SNPs, and phenotype informative SNPs. The chapter discusses the value of non human DNA testing in forensic casework. Domestic animals, such as cats and dogs, live in human habitats and deposit hair that may be used to place a suspect at the crime scene. A botanical specimen came from a particular plant can aid the linkage of a crime to a suspect or help demonstrate that the body of a deceased victim may have been moved from the murder site. DNA testing can now be used to link sources of marijuana. A large area of future application for forensic DNA typing involves identification of bioterrorism materials such as anthrax. The chapter also presents the challenges with presenting non human DNA in court.
End-of-Life Discussions with Older Adults

Objectives To determine the prevalence of end-of-life (EOL) conversations with older adults. Design National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a prospective, longitudinal survey of Medicare beneficiaries. Setting Nationally representative. Participants A sample drawn from Wave 2 of the NHATS. Measurements The main outcome was the report of an EOL planning discussion, based upon the participant's response to the question “Have you talked to anyone about the types of medical treatment you would want or not want if you became seriously ill in the future?” Results Sixty-one percent of the sample (n = 1,993 individuals, weighted n = 11,123,910) responded that they had discussed EOL treatment preferences with someone. In multivariate regression, factors associated with reporting an EOL discussion included being younger (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17–2.47), having more education (high school degree: AOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.02–2.07; some college: AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.40–2.95), and having multiple chronic conditions (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01–1.55). Black race was associated with lower odds of reporting a discussion (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33–0.65). Conclusion Forty percent of a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries had not discussed their preferences regarding EOL medical treatment. Promoting these conversations in clinical and nonclinical settings will be important to ensure that health care is delivered to individuals in a person-centered manner.
My Life as a Logician

This brief autobiography highlights events that have had a significant effect on my professional development.