cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remestemcel-L: human mesenchymal stem cells as an emerging therapy for Crohn's disease

Introduction: Human mesenchymal stem cells (Prochymal brand of remestemcel-L) have been developed for experimental use in Crohn's disease and other conditions. Mesenchymal stems cells (MSCs) have been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as have reparative effects on inflamed tissues. Promising preliminary therapeutic results of MSCs on gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease have lead to Phase III trials for active Crohn's disease. Areas covered: This review examines the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells, their immune effects, their use in animal models of disease, the production and administration of remestemcel-L and the published results of trials of remestemcel-L and alternative MSCs in Crohn's disease. Expert opinion: The Prochymal brand of remestemcel-L represents the successful pharmaceutical development of mesenchymal stem cells for potential therapy in human disease. While preliminary results show promise of this therapy in...
A de novo germline APC mutation (3927del5) in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis: Case report and literature review

Introduction: Characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomas, classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is one of the most common hereditary syndromes associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Several studies have attempted to correlate specific APC mutations with clinical phenotype.6 However, there is considerable variability in the expression of specific phenotypes within families and among individuals with identical mutations.7 Case presentation: A 30 year-old Hispanic female presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of persistent, worsening, left lower quadrant abdominal pain. She had no family history of malignancy. Sigmoidoscopy revealed innumerable polyps in the rectum and sigmoid colon and a large mass in the sigmoid colon. Biopsy of the mass revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the subserosa. Endoscopy revealed innumerable polyps. Genetic testing of the patient via southern blot revealed a germline APC mutation 3927del5, resulting in a premature truncation of the APC protein at amino acid position 1312. Conclusion: Genetic information has only recently started being incorporated into clinical care. More research and randomized clinical trials need to be conducted to definitively characterize random mutations. Once these mutations are further understood, FAP patients may be able to be risk stratified and this may ultimately improve the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare condition.
Consequences of pressure overload on sarcomere protein mutation-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background— Whether ventricular remodeling from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), systemic hypertension, or other pathologies arises through a common signaling pathway or through independent molecular mechanisms is unknown. To study this, we assessed cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of HCM subjected to increased left ventricular (LV) load. Methods and Results— Transverse aortic banding of mice with or without an Arg403Gln cardiac myosin heavy chain mutation (αMHC403/+) produced similarly elevated LV pressures (120±30 versus 112±14 mm Hg; P=NS). No mice developed heart failure, and mortality (26% αMHC403/+, 35% wild-type) was comparable. Load-induced hypertrophy was identical in banded 129SvEv αMHC403/+ mice (LV anterior wall [LVAW]=1.28±0.11) and 129SvEv wild-type mice (LVAW=1.29±0.11 mm; P=NS). Genetically outbred Black Swiss (BS) αMHC403/+ mice showed only mildly exaggerated hypertrophy in response to aortic banding (BS αMHC403/+ LVAW=1.30±0.13 mm; BS wild-type LVAW=1.17±0.15 mm; P=0.03), suggestin...
Effect of rotational patient assignment on emergency department length of stay

The study evaluated the impact of rotational assignment of emergency department (ED) patients to residents on patient's length of stay (LOS) and resident satisfaction. The study was conducted in a university, inner-city, adult ED. Prior to the intervention, residents saw patients at their own rate as patient charts were placed into a common rack waiting to be seen. The intervention involved directly assigning patients with medical emergencies in sequential rotation to residents. Patients with surgical conditions were seen under the old self-paced system for comparison. A retrospective chart review of LOS of all ED visits for a period of 2 wks before, 6 wks after, and 1 yr after the intervention was conducted. ED administration and staffing during the study were unchanged. Comparisons excluded critical cases and nonurgent cases triaged away. A postintervention survey of physician satisfaction was conducted. During the study period, demographic characteristics of medical and surgical patients did not differ significantly between the time periods. The average total ED LOS for moderately ill medical patients decreased significantly from 7.11 to 5.86 h at 6 wks and remained significantly improved 1 yr later at 6.21 h. During the same periods, the average total LOS increased significantly for the surgical patients. Residents reported that the new system was more fair and did not affect teaching quality. The rotational assignment of patients to resident physicians led to significantly less ED LOS while improving resident satisfaction without affecting education.
Sediment-water exchange of total mercury and monomethyl mercury in the San Francisco Bay-Delta

Five field trips were conducted in the San Francisco Bay-Delta between May 2000 and October 2001 to investigate the sediment-water exchange of total mercury (Hg) and monomethyl mercury (MMHg). Solid-phase Hg averaged ∼1 nmol g -1 and did not show any variability with depth or time or among sites. In contrast, solid-phase MMHg showed considerable vertical, temporal, and spatial variability (0.4-66 pmol g -1 ), with the highest values occurring at a peat-rich environment in May 2001, suggesting that MMHg production was largely controlled by temporal factors and habitat type. In pore water, both Hg and MMHg concentrations were generally elevated near the sediment-water interface during warm months. Sediment-water exchange flux of MMHg, determined with benthic chamber deployments, ranged from -92 to 850 pmol m -2 d -1 , with higher values occurring in May. In most cases, diffusional fluxes of Hg and MMHg, estimated with the use of interfacial concentration gradients, constituted only a minor portion of the measured fluxes, suggesting the importance of advective processes on sediment-water exchange. Surface-water transect and time series studies conducted in Franks Tract support the commonly held belief that wetland and marsh regions are major sources for MMHg within the Delta. The integrated sediment-water fluxes of Hg and MMHg in the study area were estimated to be 130 and 6 mmol d -1 , respectively, and the benthic input was as important a source of Hg and MMHg as the riverine input within the Delta during low-flow months.
Acetylcholinesterase: Method for Demonstration in Amacrine Cells of Rabbit Retina

The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina was not affected detectably by prior section of the optic nerve. After the animals were treated with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, acetylcholinesterase reappeared in the somata of the amacrine cells and in certain cells of the ganglion cell layer before it reappeared in the inner plexiform fibers. This confirms the normal presence of acetylcholinesterase at the former site. The possible role of acetylcholine in intraretinal transmission is considered.
Representing collections as compositions to support distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning

We investigate how the creativity support tool combinFormation supports the creativity-oriented course, The Design Process, by representing collections as compositions. Undergraduate students in The Design Process are charged with working in interdisciplinary teams to develop new inventions, combinFormation is a mixed-initiative system that integrates browsing, searching, representing, manipulating, and collecting digital information resources, using the form of the visual composition space. Students use the composition space to develop collections of prior work that support their creative processes of developing new inventions. A quantitative study shows the overall effect of mixed-initiative composition on the performance of student groups on creative projects. To understand the mechanisms of situated creativity support, we follow-up with case-study interviews of two project teams. We develop the frameworks of distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning to analyse the interview data. We find that the mixed-initiative capabilities of procedural generation and human manipulability of visual information representations in the composition space support distributed creative cognition and situated creative learning.
Myosin chains of myocardial tissue. I. Purification and immunological properties of myosin heavy chains.

Abstract An antiserum specific to dog myocardial myosin has been developed against highly purified myosin heavy chains. The antiserum is specific for the heavy chains of myosin, giving a single precipitin line in an immunodiffusion assay for either the heavy chains of myosin or native myosin, and does not react with any other myocardial proteins. In such assays myosin acts as a single, uniform antigen. Using this antiserum, a radioimmunoassay has been developed to quantitate myosin in a homogenate of myocardial tissue containing free myosin dissociated from other cellular components.
Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae Populations from Sweet Cherry in Michigan.

ABSTRACT A severe outbreak of bacterial canker occurred on sweet cherry in Michigan in 2002. Blossom infection and subsequent canker formation was observed following a prolonged freeze event during...
Demonstration by FTIR that the bo-type ubiquinol oxidase of Escherichia coli contains a heme-copper binuclear center similar to that in cytochrome c oxidase and that proper assembly of the binuclear center requires the cyoE gene product.

Amino acid sequence data have revealed that the bo-type ubiquinol oxidase from Escherichia coli is closely related to the eukaryotic aa3-type cytochrome c oxidases. In the cytochrome c oxidases, the reduction of oxygen to water occurs at a binuclear center comprised of heme a3 and Cu(B). In this paper, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of CO bound to the enzyme is used to directly demonstrate that the E. coli bo-type ubiquinol oxidase also contains a heme-copper binuclear center. Photolysis of CO ligated to heme o at low temperatures (e.g., 30 K) results in formation of a CO-Cu complex, showing that there is a heme-Cu(B) binuclear center similar to that formed by heme a3 and Cu(B) in the eukaryotic oxidase. It is further demonstrated that the cyoE gene product is required for the correct assembly of this binuclear center, although this polypeptide is not required as a component of the active enzyme in vitro. The cyoE gene product is homologous to COX10, a nuclear gene product from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is required for the assembly of yeast cytochrome c oxidase. Deletion of the cyoE gene results in an inactive quinol oxidase that is, however, assembled in the membrane. FTIR analysis of bound CO shows that Cu(B) is present in this mutant but that the heme-Cu(B) binuclear center is abnormal. Analysis of the heme content of the membrane suggests that the cyoE deletion results in the insertion of heme B (protoheme IX) in the binuclear center, rather than heme O.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and crystallization of intact human rhinovirus complexed with a neutralizing Fab.

Abstract We report the first crystallization of an intact virion, human rhinovirus 14, complexed with the Fab fragment from a neutralizing antibody. These crystals diffract to at least 6.0 A resolution. It has been suggested that Fab's and mAb's can induce large conformational changes in the capsid upon binding. The structure of this complex should enable us to detect the existence and role of such changes.© 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Experimental demonstration of slow light via four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers

We demonstrate experimentally the generation of slow light at room temperature via four-wave mixing in SOAs. Tunable delays up to 913 ps was obtained at 0.5 GHz, corresponding to a record delay-bandwidth product of 0.46.
National Bibliography in Armenia

The National Book Chamber of Armenia is the country's center for national bibliography, bibliographic information and statistics, centralized cataloging, archival collections of pan-Armenian publications, and preservation of them. Established in 1922, the Book Chamber now has more than one million published items, including books, newspapers, magazines, music, decorative literature, maps, conference materials, programs of theatrical and cultural events, invitation cards, etc., produced in Armenia or abroad by the Armenian Diaspora. The chamber's acquisitions benefit from legal deposit of materials published in Armenia and by contributions from the Diaspora.
Reduced row echelon form and non-linear approximation for subspace segmentation and high-dimensional data clustering

Abstract Given a set of data W = { w 1 , … , w N } ∈ R D drawn from a union of subspaces, we focus on determining a nonlinear model of the form U = ⋃ i ∈ I S i , where { S i ⊂ R D } i ∈ I is a set of subspaces, that is nearest to W. The model is then used to classify W into clusters. Our approach is based on the binary reduced row echelon form of data matrix, combined with an iterative scheme based on a non-linear approximation method. We prove that, in absence of noise, our approach can find the number of subspaces, their dimensions, and an orthonormal basis for each subspace S i . We provide a comprehensive analysis of our theory and determine its limitations and strengths in presence of outliers and noise.
Brief Robust nonlinear control of feedforward systems with unmodeled dynamics

We consider nonlinear systems in feedforward form and redesign-nested saturation control laws to guarantee global asymptotic stability in the presence of unmodeled dynamics appearing at the system input. Unlike most previous results, this redesign is applicable to a large class of unmodeled dynamics, including actuators that change the relative degree of the system.
Environmental perception: The effects of media, evaluative context, and observer sample

Abstract The effects of three factors on environmental perception were investigated: (1) medium of presentation; (2) evaluative context, and (3) observer sample. A quasi-experimental design and field testing were used to present an automobile tour of a geographical locale to systematically drawn sub-samples of the population under varying media conditions and evaluative contexts (response formats and instructional sets). Four media of presentation were employed: (1) direct; (2) film of direct; (3) model film; and (4) model video. Evaluative contexts consisted of: (1) structured self-report inventories administered post-tour only; (2) enroute structured ratings plus post-tour procedures; and (3) unstructured ongoing descriptions enroute plus post-tour procedures. Observer samples were drawn to represent variation in (1) professional standing in environmental design, planning and management, and (2) familiarity with the research site. A least squares analysis of variance was performed for each of three factorially derived cross-procedure environmental perception variables. Results indicate that each of the facets of research design investigated has a small but clearly discernible effect on environmental perception, and that media effects are manifested differentially for professional versus nonprofessional observers.
Regulation of membrane chloride currents in rat bile duct epithelial cells.

Abstract This study examines the conductive properties of the plasma membrane of cells isolated from the intrahepatic portion of bile ducts. Membrane Cl- conductance was measured in single cells using whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques and in cells in short-term culture using 36Cl and 125I efflux. Separate Ca(2+)- and cAMP-dependent Cl- currents were identified. Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- currents showed outward rectification of the current-voltage relation, time-dependent activation at depolarizing potentials, and reversal near the equilibrium potential for Cl-. Ionomycin (2 microM) increased this current from 357 +/- 72 pA to 1,192 +/- 414 pA (at +80 mV) in 5:7 cells, and stimulated efflux of 125I > 36Cl in 15:15 studies. Ionomycin-stimulated efflux was inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS) (150 microM). A separate cAMP-activated Cl- current showed linear current-voltage relations and no time dependence. Forskolin (10 microM) or cpt-cAMP (500 microM) increased this current from 189 +/- 50 pA to 784 +/- 196 pA (at +80 mV) in 11:16 cells, and stimulated efflux of 36Cl > 125I in 16:16 studies. cAMP-stimulated efflux was unaffected by DIDS. Because the cAMP-stimulated Cl- conductance resembles that associated with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a putative Cl- channel protein, the presence of CFTR in rat liver was examined by immunoblot analyses. CFTR was detected as a 150-165-kD protein in specimens with increased numbers of duct cells. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed localization of CFTR to bile duct cells but not hepatocytes. These findings suggest that Ca(2+)- and cAMP-regulated Cl- channels may participate in control of fluid and electrolyte secretion by intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, and that the cAMP-regulated conductance is associated with endogenous expression of CFTR. Abnormal ductular secretion may contribute to the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease in cystic fibrosis.
Integrated Environmental Modelling: human decisions, human challenges

Integrated Environmental Modelling (IEM) is an invaluable tool for understanding the complex, dynamic ecosystems that house our natural resources and control our environments. Human behaviour affects the ways in which the science of IEM is assembled and used for mean- ingful societal applications. In particular, human biases and heuristics reflect adaptation and experiential learning to issues with frequent, sharply distinguished, feedbacks. Unfortunately, human behaviour is not adapted to the more diffusely experienced problems that IEM typically seeks to address. Twelve biases are identified that affect IEM (and science in general). These biases are supported by personal observations and by the findings of behavioural scientists. A process for critical analysis is proposed that addresses some human challenges of IEM and solicits explicit description of (1) represented processes and information, (2) unrepresented processes and information, and (3) accounting for, and cognizance of, potential human biases. Several other sug- gestions are also made that generally complement maintaining attitudes of watchful humility, open-mindedness, honesty and transparent accountability. These suggestions include (1) creating a new area of study in the behavioural biogeosciences, (2) using structured processes for engaging themodelling andstakeholdercommunitiesinIEM,and(3)using'redteams'toincreaseresilience of IEM constructs and use. Gold Open Access: This article is published under the terms of the CC-BY 3.0 license.
Two genomic regions contribute disproportionately to geographic differentiation in wild barley

Genetic differentiation in natural populations is driven by geographic distance and by ecological or physical features within and between natural habitats that reduce migration. The primary population structure in wild barley differentiates populations east and west of the Zagros Mountains. Genetic differentiation between eastern and western populations is uneven across the genome and is greatest on linkage groups 2H and 5H. Genetic markers in these two regions demonstrate the largest difference in frequency between the primary populations and have the highest informativeness for assignment to each population. Previous cytological and genetic studies suggest there are chromosomal structural rearrangements (inversions or translocations) in these genomic regions. Environmental association analyses identified an association with both temperature and precipitation variables on 2H and with precipitation variables on 5H.
Reciprocal effects of parenting and borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescent girls.

Theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) postulate that high-risk transactions between caregiver and child are important for the development and maintenance of the disorder. Little empirical evidence exists regarding the reciprocal effects of parenting on the development of BPD symptoms in adolescence. The impact of child and caregiver characteristics on this reciprocal relationship is also unknown. Thus, the current study examines bidirectional effects of parenting, specifically harsh punishment practices and caregiver low warmth, and BPD symptoms in girls aged 14–17 years based on annual, longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2,451) in the context of child and caregiver characteristics. We examined these associations through the use of autoregressive latent trajectory models to differentiate time-specific variations in BPD symptoms and parenting from the stable processes that steadily influence repeated measures within an individual. The developmental trajectories of BPD symptoms and parenting were moderately associated, suggesting a reciprocal relationship. There was some support for time-specific elevations in BPD symptoms predicting subsequent increases in harsh punishment and caregiver low warmth. There was little support for increases in harsh punishment and caregiver low warmth predicting subsequent elevations in BPD symptoms. Child impulsivity and negative affectivity, and caregiver psychopathology were related to parenting trajectories, while only child characteristics predicted BPD trajectories. The results highlight the stability of the reciprocal associations between parenting and BPD trajectories in adolescent girls and add to our understanding of the longitudinal course of BPD in youth.
“Which Feels Heavier—A Pound of Lead or a Pound of Feathers?” A Potential Perceptual Basis of a Cognitive Riddle:

"Which weighs more--a pound of lead or a pound of feathers?" The seemingly naive answer to the familiar riddle is the pound of lead. The correct answer, of course, is that they weigh the same amount. We investigated whether the naive answer to the riddle might have a basis in perception. When blindfolded participants hefted a pound of lead and a pound of feathers each contained in boxes of identical size, shape, and mass, they reported that the box containing the pound of lead felt heavier at a level above chance. Like the size-weight illusion, the naive answer to the riddle may reflect differences in how easily the objects can be controlled by muscular forces and not a perceptual or cognitive error.
The Productivity of Pell Grant Spending: Enrollment versus Attainment.

If colleges and universities that attract large numbers of Pell-grant recipients are not equipping them with economically meaningful credentials, they are doing them more harm than good and not usi...
Countermeasures Against Traffic Analysis Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are highly vulnerable to the failure of base stations. An adversary can render a wireless sensor network useless by launching remote, softwarebased attacks or physical attacks on the base stations. This paper addresses the problem of defending a base station against physical attacks by concealing the geographic location of a base station. Typical packet traffic in a sensor network reveals pronounced patterns that allow an adversary analyzing packet traffic to deduce the location of a base station. The paper investigates several countermeasures against traffic analysis techniques aimed at disguising the location of a base station. First, a degree of randomness is introduced in the multi-hop path a packet takes from a sensor node to a base station. Second, random fake paths are introduced to confuse an adversary from tracking a packet as it moves towards a base station. Finally, multiple, random areas of high communication activity are created to deceive an adversary as to the true location of the base station. The paper evaluates these techniques analytically and via simulation using three evaluation criteria: total entropy of the network, total energy consumed, and the ability to guard against heuristic-based techniques to locate a base station.
Two-dimensional Si photonic crystal microcavity for single particle detection

We theoretically and experimentally present a Si-based photonic crystal sensor for single particle detection. With a sensing area of ~40 mum2, the device is capable of detecting a sphere of ~50 nm in diameter or less.
Corticosteroids in endotoxic shock.

SummaryHydrocortisone, prednisolone, and dexamethasone given simultaneously with endotoxin were found to have a significant protective effect in mice, reducing mortality rate from 83% in control groups to about 20-25% in treated groups at optimum dose levels. Dexamethasone had the highest therapeutic index, as hydrocortisone and prednisolone were lethal at the higher dose levels.
An Unequal Error Protection Framework for DVB-H and Its Application to Video Streaming

In this paper, an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme is proposed for DVB-H based on its link layer forward error correction. The scheme preserves the existing DVB-H protocol stack and maintains its original time diversity. The UEP scheme is further applied to DVB-H video streaming service. The H.264 based temporal scalable coding is employed to facilitate UEP application and provides a set of UEP configurations to accommodate different channel conditions. Experimental results show graceful video quality degradation provided by the proposed framework.
Apparent Persistence of a Landlocked Population of Gulf Pipefish, Syngnathus scovelli

Abstract Though adults and older juveniles of some species are commonly encountered in freshwater reaches of coastal streams and rivers, pipefishes in general are believed to be either amphidromous or marine. In 1992, Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) were reported in Lake Texana, a reservoir on the Navidad River near Edna, Jackson County, Texas. In June 2011, we collected an adult male with embryos and a juvenile from the same lake. This strongly suggests reproduction and persistence of the population at Lake Texana, which does not have access to saline waters. Though presence of a viable, reproducing population was not absolutely confirmed this appears likely to be the first known landlocked, freshwater population of any species of pipefish.
Momentum Transfer at the Air-Water Interface

Wind action over water generates waves and surface drift. The logarithmic velocity profile in air can be used to determine the surface stress with a suitable choice of roughness height. A corresponding logarithmic profile is found below the interface and yields a surface stress equivalent to that found from the air profile. The wind induced set-up depends on water depth, surface and bottom boundary stresses, and atmospheric pressure gradient. Modelling relationships to simulate set-up under laboratory conditions are discussed. The momentum transfer from wind to waves is found to be approximately 10–20 percent of the total wind induced stress. The net energy transfer to any wave spectral component depends on nonlinear wave-wave transfers in addition to that received directly from wind less that dissipated by viscosity or turbulence.
On the fuzzy cardinality of a fuzzy set

We look at problem of determining the number of elements of a fuzzy set and its cardinality. It is noted that the simple adding of membership grades often does not lead to a satisfactory results. We investigate the use of a fuzzy subset of the non-negative integers to represent the cardinality of a fuzzy set. We prove a fundamental relationship between the degree of fuzziness of a set A and the specificity of the fuzzy subset representing its cardinality. The problem of determining whether the cardinality of a fuzzy set satisfies a given linguistic expressed quantity is also investigated
Comparing Environmental Science Literacy Among Education Majors and a National Sample

The responses of a convenience sample of 83 secondary preservice and preeducation students in three university classes were compared to each other and to a national sample of 1,492 adults on a national poll of science knowledge. The results of the data analyses using simple ANOVA and two-tailed t tests indicated that preservice secondary science teachers in a secondary science methods class are significantly more science literate than preeducation majors and the na tional sample. They were not significantly more science literate than preservice and in-service science teachers in an environmental science methods class. Chemistry majors were significantly more science lit erate than other science and health majors. Additional comparisons between males and females, graduates and undergraduates, and older and younger (younger than 28) students indicated males, graduates, and older students are significantly more science literate than females, undergraduates, and younger students.
Relaxation And Linebroadening Of Optical Phonons In Crystaline Germanium

The relaxation rate, 1/τ , of a nonequilibrium population of zone center TO phonons in Ge is obtained by measuring the decay of the intensity of spontaneous anti-Stokes Raman scattering from two picosecond laser pulses as the pulse separation is increased., The relaxation rate 1/τ is the difference between the rate, 1/T1, of the breakup of optical phonons into two or more phonons and the inverse processes which replenish the phonon population. The lifetime contributions to the Raman linewidth, pv is uνe=1/27πTi. A comparison of the temperature dependence of Δνe with Av measured by Menendez and Cardona shows that the line is homogeneously broadened and is the sum of a lifetime and pure dephasing contributions due to scattering of the phonon k vector by isotopic disorder, Δν = Δνe +Δvd. The ability to resolve various contributions to the Raman linewidth can clarify the nature of phonon interactions.
The Effect of Tumor Size on Curability of Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancers

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between tumor size and curability of stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry 2003, we identified all primary non-small cell lung cancer cases that were diagnosed prior to autopsy. Among these cases, we narrowed the focus to those diagnosed in 1988 or later, and to 7,620 patients who had undergone curative surgical resection. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were obtained for these stage I malignancies for five tumor size categories ( ie , 5 to 15 mm, 16 to 25 mm, 26 to 35 mm, 36 to 45 mm, and > 45 mm). The 12-year Kaplan-Meier estimator of survival was used as a measure of lung cancer cure rate. Results: Among 7,620 stage I cancers, cure rates decreased with increasing tumor size. The 12-year survival rates for patients with tumors 5 to 15 mm in diameter was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64 to 74%), 63% for those with tumors 16 to 25 mm in diameter (95% CI, 60 to 67%), 58% for those with tumors 26 to 35 mm in diameter (95% CI, 54 to 61%), 53% for those with tumors 36 to 45 mm in diameter (95% CI, 48 to 57%), and 43% for those with tumors > 45 mm in diameter (95% CI, 39 to 48%). Cure rates were statistically significantly different for all tumor size categories (p Conclusions: Smaller tumor size at diagnosis is associated with improved curability within stage I non-small cell lung cancers. These results suggest that further subclassification by size within stage I may be important.
Accumulation of Fluconazole in Scalp Hair

The accumulation in scalp hair of the antimycotic triazole, fluconazole, was studied during and after administration. Fluconazole 50 mg was administered to 12 healthy subjects as a single capsule each day for 28 days. The concentration of fluconazole 5 hours after administration was measured in different 1-cm sections of scalp hair at intervals during treatment and for 6 months after the end of treatment. In each section of scalp hair the concentration of fluconazole increased during treatment and was consistently higher than values found in plasma. For example, the mean concentration in the first hair section on day 28, 19.8 micrograms/g, corresponded to a mean penetration ratio relative to plasma of 9.42. During administration, the maximal concentration of fluconazole was found in the first hair section. After cessation of administration, the measured concentrations of fluconazole decreased and greater concentrations were found in the distal hair sections, presumably as a result of hair growth. Fluconazole was detectable, however, in the hair of 9 of the 12 subjects even 6 months after treatment. The mean concentration of fluconazole in hair bulbs on day 28 was 12.1 micrograms/g (n = 6), corresponding to a mean penetration ratio of 5.99. In a second study, fluconazole was administered as a single oral 150-mg capsule per week for 4 weeks to a group of 8 healthy subjects. The mean fluconazole concentration in whole scalp hair 5 hours after the last dose was 3.2 micrograms/g.
Men had greater risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism than women

Source Citation Kyrle PA, Minar E, Bialonczyk C, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in men and women. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2558-63. 15201412
Some Effects of Ethanol on Human Sexual and Aggressive Behavior

The effects of alcohol on behavior are discussed in many reviews, but most do not discuss either sexual or aggressive behavior in any detail, if at all. On the other hand, more extensive sources, such as general textbooks, pharmacology textbooks, and books on abnormal psychology frequently devote space to the effects of alcohol on sexual behavior, usually adding that alcohol increases aggression. As this chapter will show, the amount of experimental evidence for opinions about the actions of ethyl alcohol on either sexual behavior or aggression is extremely small.
Improving Chinese-English PropBank Alignment

We describe 2 improvements to ChineseEnglish PropBank predicate-argument structure alignment. Taking advantage of the recently expanded PropBank English nominal and adjective predicate annotation (Bonial et al., 2014), we performed predicateargument alignments between both verb and nominal/adjective predicates in Chinese and English. Using our alignment system, this increased the number of aligned predicateargument structures by 24.5% on the parallel Xinhua News corpus. We also improved the PropBank alignment system using expectation-maximization (EM) techniques. By collecting Chinese-English predicate-topredicate and argument type-to-argument type alignment probabilities and iteratively improving the alignment output using these probabilities on a large unannotated parallel corpora, we improved the predicate alignment performance by 1 F point when using all automatic SRL and word alignment inputs.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Cancer

The indications and utilization of local excision for rectal cancer have been steadily increasing over the past three decades. The introduction of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) facilitated the local excision of more proximal lesions in the mid and upper rectum. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a more recent modification of TEM, wherein disposable transanal ports and single-incision devices are used to gain access to the rectal lumen. Although the fundamental principles of TAMIS are similar to those of TEM, TAMIS is a unique procedure that requires a different skill set. The following chapter highlights the indications, anatomic considerations, technical aspects, and outcomes of this novel procedure.
Evaluation of the Ratio of Aortic Rigidity to Peripheral Resistance

Summary1. A method of computing the ratio of aortic rigidity (or capacity) to peripheral resistance is described, using clinical values of heart rate and blood pressure. 2. The assumptions implicit in the method are discussed. 3. Several types of cardiovascular events are analyzed in terms of this ratio.
Stability of multifinger action in different state spaces

We investigated stability of action by a multifinger system with three methods: analysis of intertrial variance, application of transient perturbations, and analysis of the system's motion in different state spaces. The “inverse piano” device was used to apply transient (lifting-and-lowering) perturbations to individual fingers during single- and two-finger accurate force production tasks. In each trial, the perturbation was applied either to a finger explicitly involved in the task or one that was not. We hypothesized that, in one-finger tasks, task-specific stability would be observed in the redundant space of finger forces but not in the nonredundant space of finger modes (commands to explicitly involved fingers). In two-finger tasks, we expected that perturbations applied to a nontask finger would not contribute to task-specific stability in mode space. In contrast to our expectations, analyses in both force and mode spaces showed lower stability in directions that did not change total force output compared with directions that did cause changes in total force. In addition, the transient perturbations led to a significant increase in the enslaving index. We consider these results within a theoretical scheme of control with referent body configurations organized hierarchically, using multiple few-to-many mappings organized in a synergic way. The observed volatility of enslaving, greater equifinality of total force compared with elemental variables, and large magnitude of motor equivalent motion in both force and mode spaces provide support for the concept of task-specific stability of performance and the existence of multiple neural loops, which ensure this stability.
A good man is impossible to find: Brokeback Mountain as heteronormative tragedy

This paper analyzes the 2005 film Brokeback Mountain in the light of the heterosexual female viewers who responded so favorably to the film. It speculates that the contemporaneous media mainstreaming of the uncloseted homosexual resulted in a parallel need for a psychosocial reconfiguring of the heterosexual; and that it was in this odd and anxious space that, for these viewers, the film’s potency may have subconsciously resided. In effect, the film, which pivots on the power of lies that closetedness engenders, was indirectly — and safely — addressing anxieties regarding marital fidelity, which were potentially being stoked, so the author argues, by the recent emergence of cyberspace.
Postgraduate year 2 residencies: Early commitment or the Match?

Postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy residency training programs are becoming more prevalent as more health-system pharmacy departments create new residency positions. Unfortunately, even with the increased number of PGY2 positions, there are not enough positions to meet the demand for residency
Consumers' Prior Experiences and Perceptions in Auto Repair Choice:

A survey examined information search for auto repair services and its determining factors. As in other decision contexts, external search was limited. Linear regression models found that consumers'...
Effects of Network Approval on Accounts of Commitment Trajectories in Intraracial and Interracial Relationships

ABSTRACTThe current study used dyadic data to investigate the impact of relationship type and social support on the retrospective accounts of commitment trajectories of romantic relationships. Past research suggests that social support is a positive contributor to relationship stability and commitment, which may be especially true for partners in interracial relationships who face broader societal opposition than intraracial couples. Using multilevel modeling, we investigated the effects of sex, relationship type, and social support on reports of commitment. Results showed differences in trajectories of commitment based on couple type (interracial vs. intraracial) for both men and women. Social support was found to have an especially strong impact for women in interracial relationships compared with women in intraracial relationships, but there was no differential impact among men.
Gene Diagnosis of 35 Cases with Thalassemia

Objective To detect the type of gene mutation of thalassemia in Kunming city.Methods Sixty-three cases highly suspec-tive of thalassemia were determined with the methods of ploymerase chain reaction(PCR) and reverse dot blot(RDB) for the type of gene mutation.Results According to gene analysis,35 cases were final diagnosed from 63 cases suspective of thalassemia.Among the total,4 cases were gene deficiency α-thalassemia,and 30 cases were gene deficiency β-thalassemia,and there was 1 case both α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia.There were 9 types of gene mutation with 15 gene combinations in 35 samples.The main type of α-thalassemia was--SEA/αα,there were 6 types with 11 gene combinations from the types of genes of β-thalassemia,the highest incidence of gene mutation was 17 site,including 17 site homozygote,heterozygote and double heterozygote.Conclusions The thalassemia invasion of Yunnan has its characters,and it is valuable to launch further research.In the same patient,there are α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia,it signifies that those 2 types should be diagnosed in the same time,to prevent missed diagnosis.
Review: interferon alpha-2b is effective for biochemical and virologic outcomes in acute hepatitis C virus infection.

Source Citation Poynard T, Regimbeau C, Myers RP, et al. Interferon for acute hepatitis C. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000369 (latest version 19 Jul 2001). 11869573 (All 2002 articles we...
The Aschheim-Zondek Pregnancy Test: Its Clinical Application in a Series of Cases

The need of a satisfactory laboratory test for pregnancy has long been recognized, but the great majority of those which have been introduced have failed to satisfy the requirements foT such a laboratory procedure. One of the most outstanding developments in the field of laboratory diagnosis within the past few years has been the Aschheim-Zondek reaction for the diagnosis of pregnancy. This test depends for its value on a sound scientific principle, and is comparatively simple to perform. Smith and Engle, and Zondek and Aschheim, independently and practically simultaneously, found that a hormone of the anterior pituitary gland has the property of stimulating the reproductive system. It is not specific for either sex, and stimulates alike the ovaries of the female, and the testes of the male. This hormone when injected into immature animals causes a premature maturity, with the establishment of the active reproductive function. Aschheim and Zondek' found, with rare exceptions, that in no condition except pregnancy was there an abundance of the anterior pituitary hormone secreted; but in pregnancy large amounts were liberated and excreted in the urine. The test is based on the above facts. The technic of the test is quite simple, and requires no particular skill either in operation or interpretation. Two points how-
A High-Definition Gamma Scanning Method for the Near-Field Nondestructive Assay of Large Nuclear Waste Barrels

A high-definition gamma scanning method for the near-field measurement of radionuclide inventories in a large nuclear waste barrel is presented. The method introduced is especially accurate for radionuclides with multiple gamma energy peaks. Multiple detectors positioned as closely as possible to the waste barrel are used to measure the radiation field emanating from the distributed radiation sources. The total source activity is reconstructed by using the conjugate gradient with nonnegative constraint method or the maximum likelihood expectation maximum method based on measured detector responses. The maximum measurement error bond and its associated confidence level for the developed gamma scanning system are determined statistically by performing a large number of numerical experiments that take into consideration the counting statistics, the nonuniformity of source distribution, and the heterogeneous density of the self-absorbing medium. The accuracy and reliability of the system are verified through a series of real measurements with randomly distributed 192 Ir sources in a 208-l waste barrel. The results of these measurements are in full agreement with the estimated error and the confidence level that are predicted by the numerical simulation.
π ± p Elastic Scattering and π + p → K + Σ + at 5.0 GeV/ c Near − t = 3.0 ( G e V / c ) 2

We have measured the reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ at 5.0 GeV/c in the region $2.2l\ensuremath{-}tl3.5$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. We find the minimum cross section of the dip at $\ensuremath{-}t=2.8$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p$ elastic scattering to be 0.16 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{b}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}}^{2}$. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ differential cross section exhibits similar structure, while the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ channel shows a steady decline in cross section as $|t|$ increases. The polarization of the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ remains large and positive to at least $\ensuremath{-}t=2.8$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$.
On Uniqueness for the Traction Boundary-value Problem of Linear Elastostatics

Summary It is shown that the total complementary strain-energy of a homogeneous anisotropic body for an equilibrium stress field with vanishing surface tractions will be positive definite provided that the complementary strain-energy density W c is positive definite for all two-dimensional stress states (with arbitrary orientation of the plane of the stress state). The condition on W c is also shown to be a necessary condition. The result leads to a uniqueness theorem for the traction-boundary value problem for homogeneous anisotropic elastic bodies and extends the range of application of the principle of minimum complementary energy.
Oscillation ring testing methodology of TSVs in 3D stacked ICs

This paper presents on-chip self-testing circuits to detect faulty Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) in 3D ICs technology. Different testing schemes based on an oscillation ring testing methodology are proposed to detect TSVs faults such as stuck-at, open, slope and delay degradation, and severe crosstalk TSVs coupling. A parallel ring-based oscillator test structure is proposed and simulated based on a high performance fully tunable electrical circuit pi-model where a single and coupled TSVs with ground-signal-ground (GSG) and ground-signal-signal-ground (GSSG) 3D vias configurations are used as a test vehicle for 3D interconnect characterization and test. Simulation results are presented using the Keysight/Agilent Advance Design System (ADS) and a standard 0.25 μm CMOS process.