cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The structure of Mn-rich tuperssuatsiaite: A palygorskite-related mineral

The structure of tuperssuatsiaite from the Aris phonolite in central Namibia was refined to an R index of 0.075 for 905 observed reflections [ I > 2σ( I )] obtained with a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. Tuperssuatsiaite is monoclinic, C 2 /m , with a = 14.034(7), b = 17.841(7), c = 5.265(2) A, and β = 103.67(4)°. Microprobe analysis gave an average composition of Na1.87Fe2.14Mn0.48 Ti0.14Al0.03Mg0.02[Si8O20](OH)2· n (H2O), with five octahedral sites. The structure is closely related to that of palygorskite Mg5[Si8O20](OH)2·H2O. Tuperssuatsiaite consists of ribbons of SiO4 tetrahedra linked by bands of octahedra running parallel to c . Channels occur that could be occupied by H2O as in palygorskite. The octahedral band contains three edge-sharing, six-coordinated sites labeled M1, M2, and M3. This band consists of alternating M3-M1-M3 and M2-M2 octahedra along [001]. The M1 and M2 sites both contain Fe and Mn, and M3 is occupied by Na. Bond-valence calculations indicate a formal charge of 2.48 for M1 and 2.67 for M2, i.e., a charge distribution of 2 R 3+:1 R 2+. Octahedral angle variance and volume are similar for both sites, indicating disorder in the distribution of Fe and Mn atoms between the sites. Charge balance requirements agree with the presence of Fe3+ and Mn2+.
The Incorporation of Devotional Theism into Purāṇic Gifting Rites

The Purāṇas make a major contribution to Brahmanical writing on gifting, primarily because they contain descriptions of numerous specific gifting rites that texts of other genres generally fail to discuss. Although largely unstudied, these Purāṇic gifting rites provide unique evidence of a historically significant, yet hitherto ignored, development in gifting in medieval India, namely, the incorporation of the increasingly popular ethos of bhakti (devotional theism) into the much older practice of dāna (gifting), wherein gods traditionally played no prominent role. This article will argue that Purāṇic authors strove to incorporate bhakti into dāna via two fairly distinct strategies. The first and apparently more mainstream of these is the straightforward inclusion of rather superficial Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava elements in various gifting rites. The essence of the second strategy is a belief that donors should in some way offer their gifts as a sign of respect—in other words, dedicate their gifts—to certain major Hindu deities, even if in most cases they would actually give their gifts to ordinary human beings. This strategy appears to have been less popular, but to reflect an attempt to more thoroughly integrate bhakti into dāna.
Improving the Quality of Care of Veterans with Diabetes: A Simulation Intervention for Psychiatric Nurses

The primary objective of this study was to provide and evaluate strategies beneficial in preparing psychiatric nurses to exercise clinical judgment needed for adequate assessment and care of veterans with diabetes. Psychiatric nurses completed a pretest evaluation of their knowledge of care for veterans with diabetes. During the intervention stage, a human patient simulator was used to create an interactive scenario for participants to propose a diagnosis and administer treatment. Clinical judgment attributes were evaluated during the simulation by instructors using a rubric. Participants then completed a posttest evaluation. In addition, data about medical transfer rates for veterans with diabetes were provided 1 month before and 1 month after project implementation. All participants (N=20) demonstrated an increase on posttest scores. Medical emergencies decreased from 55% to 20% after project implementation, indicating improvement in the quality of care of veterans with diabetes.
Second and third harmonics of the spin density wave in chromium metal

Neutron-diffraction measurements with a single crystal of chromium in an approximately single-Q state have revealed the existence of a satellite reflection at three times the wave vector (vector Q) of the spin density wave (SDW). This 3Q harmonic is itself an SDW with a polarization identical to that of the primary SDW and an amplitude vector M/sub 3Q/ which is (1.65 +- 0.05) x 10/sup -2/ times the amplitude vector M/sub 1Q/ of the primary SDW at 200/sup 0/K. The amplitude parallel vector M/sub 3Q/ parallel is found to be proportional to parallel vector M/sub 1Q/parallel/sup 3/ for temperatures close to the Neel point; for temperatures below about 220/sup 0/K there is a tendency for parallel vector M/sub 3Q/parallel to approach a staturated value. This behavior is contrasted with that of the recently discovered 2Q harmonic whose amplitude vector A/sub 2Q/ is found to be proportional to parallel vector M/sub 1Q/parallel/sup 2/ even at low temperatures. (auth)
Multiple congenital anomalies associated with oral anticoagulants

The administration of oral anticoagulants during the latter part of pregnancy is known to cause fetal or placental hemorrhage. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the administration of oral vitamin K antagonists or warfarin-related compounds during the first 8 weeks of gestation may result in congenital malformations. The most consistent malformations include nasal hypoplasia, stippling of bones, ophthalmologic abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation, and developmental delay. Whether the malformations are a result of microhemorrhages in embryonic cartilage, the result of an unknown, more widespread teratogenic effect, or a manifestation of fetal vitamin K deficiency remains to be clarified. Women for whom anticoagulation during pregnancy is mandatory should probably be maintained on heparin during the first 12 weeks of gestation. If oral anticoagulants are necessary or have been given during the first trimester, the mothers should be warned about the possible congenital malformations.
Advances in Carbon–Hydrogen Activation

A summary of important advances in the activation and functionalization of carbon–hydrogen bonds is presented. These include understanding of the mechanisms and thermodynamics of activation, the range of bonds that can be activated, and the types of functionalization reactions that have been discovered.
Quantifying the risk of extreme aviation accidents

Abstract Air travel is considered a safe means of transportation. But when aviation accidents do occur they often result in fatalities. Fortunately, the most extreme accidents occur rarely. However, 2014 was the deadliest year in the past decade causing 111 plane crashes, and among them worst four crashes cause 298, 239, 162 and 116 deaths. In this study, we want to assess the risk of the catastrophic aviation accidents by studying historical aviation accidents. Applying a generalized Pareto model we predict the maximum fatalities from an aviation accident in future. The fitted model is compared with some of its competitive models. The uncertainty in the inferences are quantified using simulated aviation accident series, generated by bootstrap resampling and Monte Carlo simulations.
Bounding SINR with the constraints of an optical wireless channel

Signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) is an essential metric for performance prediction of wireless communication networks in the presence of multiple transmitters. In such networks, performance analysis and system provisioning often rely on an evaluation of SINR throughout the environment. When calculating SINR, interference and noise variance should be characterized in order to determine the aggregate disturbance. The electrical power constraint in RF communications directly relates to the variance of the interference; however, the variance of an interfering IM/DD optical wireless (OW) signal cannot be directly related to average optical power constraints without knowledge of the modulation scheme. In this paper, we evaluate theoretical upper bounds on the variance of interfering signals and the associated lower bounds on SINR under the constraints of an OW channel. We show how these bounds relate to common OW modulation schemes and illustrate how the bounds can predict worst case performance in scenarios where the composition of the interfering signals is not defined.
Exercise adaptation attenuates VEGF gene expression in human skeletal muscle.

Angiogenesis is a component of the multifactoral adaptation to exercise training, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in extracellular matrix changes and endothelial cell prol...
Integration of Product Design and Production System Design

Despite many advances in manufacturing process design,improvements in the approaches to design of production systems have lagged behind. In addition, many production requirements are difficult to satisfy because of process constraints originating from product design. This is due to product design’s lack of the necessary production system information to make design decisions that simultaneously meet both product requirements as well as production system requirements. Though a great deal of work in concurrent engineering has improved the understanding between product design and manufacturing process design, the relation between product design and design of the overall production system is not as well understood. A recent application of Axiomatic Design to production system design has shown the benefit of a quantitative and structured approach when designing for a general and diverse set of systems requirements. This paper describes the extension of this production system design to include process design and therefore allow the integration of product design. An example is given of the application of Axiomatic Design to compressor crankshaft design to illustrate the linking of requirements through a common process domain.
Moral Foundations and Individual-Level Foreign Policy Preferences

Individuals clearly differ in their foreign policy preferences. Some support higher defense spending and more aggressive stances toward other countries, others oppose the use of force except in the most extreme circumstances. Some prefer working through multi- lateral institutions, others believe it is necessary to maintain full freedom of action on all foreign policy issues. Social psychology posits that individuals hold varying moral foundations, which they group in five dimensions of care/harm, fairness/cheating, loyalty/betrayal, authority/submission, and sanctity/degradation. Liberals tend to emphasis care/harm and fair- ness/cheating disproportionately, while conservatives appear to weight each foundation more equally. Drawing on this work, we first replicate the association between the moral foundations and political identity and domestic policy preferences. We then extend this research to foreign policy issues, finding significant relationships between moral foundations and attitudes on a variety of policy questions. We also conduct two survey experiments that prime respondents with different moral foundations and find no significant effect on attitudes. We postulate that moral concerns are already salient in the minds of respondents when they answer questions about foreign policy.
Two-stage treatment of ischial pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients: Technique and outcomes over 8 years

Summary Background Despite newly introduced techniques, reconstruction of ischial pressure ulcers remains a difficult problem with high-reported failure rates. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on all spinal cord injury patients who underwent ischial pressure ulcer reconstruction by the senior author (V.L.) between 2004 and 2012. The two-stage procedure consisted of debridement and bone biopsy, followed by bursectomy, partial ischiectomy, fascial release, and gluteus maximus and hamstring advancement flaps. Postoperative care included 2-week supine bed rest on an air-fluidized bed, sitting tolerance rehabilitation, and thorough behavioral training. Results Sixty-five patients (74 flaps) were identified. A 45.9% had a previous attempt at reconstruction. The median follow-up period was 622 days. Overall, 67.6% of flaps were intact at the last follow-up. Superficial and deep dehiscence rates were 16.2 and 28.4%, respectively. Seven out of 35 flaps suffered late recurrence after being well healed for more than 1 year. History of previous reconstruction was found to be associated with increased odds of superficial (OR 6.02, 95% CI 1.55–23.3) and deep dehiscence (OR 12.3, 95% CI 1.99–76.9). Conclusions The evolution of the senior author's decades of practice has led to the development of a simpler repair, which relies on plane-by-plane release of scarred tissues to improve the mobility of muscle and skin flaps without large tissue movements, even in the setting of apparent extensive tissue loss. This technique is a reliable option, particularly for the primary ischial pressure ulcer.
Face/On: Face Transplants and the Ethics of the Other Sharrona Pearl, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2017. 272 pages.

At its core, a face defines who we are to ourselves and how we relate to others. Faces play a crucial role on interpersonal communication impacting how we know, understand, and believe people, and how we interact with one another. In this sense, it is sometimes hard to really “look” at people beyond their faces. Face/On: Face Transplants and the Ethics of the Other (2017) is an intriguing book written by scholar and writer Dr. Sharrona Pearl. An expert on physiognomy, Pearl delves into the multiple ethical and social dimensions of face transplants touching on questions of self-identity, and peer and social identification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Do women lack ambition

For men, ambition is considered a necessary and desirable part of life. Most women, however, associate ambition with egotism, self-aggrandizement, or manipulation. Getting to the bottom of why this is so required study of what ambition consists of--for both sexes. In childhood, the research uncovered, girls are clear about their ambitions. Their goals are grand, and they make no apologies for them. In nearly all childhood ambitions, two distinct factors are in place: the mastery of a special skill, and recognition for it. And what's true in childhood is no less true in later life: We all want our efforts and accomplishments acknowledged. Yet there are dramatic differences in how women and men create, reconfigure, and realize (or abandon) their goals. Most women are demure when praised for their achievements. One could chalk up this behavior to women's innate modesty or see it as a passive way of highlighting their accomplishments. But the fear of recognition that many women express suggests otherwise. Research has shown that such behavior varies according to social context: Women more openly seek and compete for affirmation when they are with other women, but they behave differently when competing with men. The underlying problem has to do with cultural ideals of femininity. Women face the reality that to appear feminine, they must provide or relinquish scarce resources to others--and recognition is indeed a scarce resource. Although women have more opportunities than ever before, they still come under social scrutiny that makes hard choices--such as when and whether to start a family or advance in the workplace--even harder. There are no easy solutions, but there are ways women can hold fast to their dreams. They must band together, learn to blow their own horns, and structure their lives in a way that promotes recognition.
Numbers are Just Not Enough: A Critical Analysis of Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Elementary and Middle School Health Textbooks

Textbooks are a multimillion dollar publishing business in the United States. Even as 21st-century classrooms become more multimodal, digital and hardcopy textbooks remain a key feature of American education. Consequently, classroom textbooks have been shown to control knowledge dissemination across the content areas. In particular, health texts have been uniquely shown to communicate values that validate or marginalize students and encourage healthy or harmful activity. Thus, what textbook makers choose to include as worthy of study, and how they portray various groups of people with regard to race, gender, and sexuality has societal implications. Employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods, we analyzed 1,468 images across elementary and middle school health textbooks to examine the portrayal of race, gender, and sexuality. We found that, although gender and racial diversity are well-represented in texts, women and people of color were frequently portrayed in stereotypical roles. For ...
Examining the Effects of Controlling for Shared Variance among the Dark Triad Using Meta‐analytic Structural Equation Modelling

Multivariate procedures (e.g. structural equation modelling) are essential to personality psychology, but interpretive difficulties can arise when examining the relations between residualized varia...
Ultrasonic Imaging and the Long Wavelength Phase

Elastodynamic and acoustic wave scattering play an essential role in various inspection methods such as sonar and ultrasonic tomography. Recently there has been considerable interest in the implications of long wavelength elastodynamic scattering for the characterization of flaws in elastic solids [1-6]. If the scattering amplitude is expanded as a power series in the frequency, the leading term is real and varies as the frequency squared. The next term varies as the frequency cubed and is purely imaginary. The evaluation of the phase variation in the long wavelength limit requires the ratio of these terms. Most effort to date has been invested in understanding the dependence of the coefficient of the frequency squared term on the size, shape, orientation and material properties of the scatterer. Richardson [3] and Kohn and Rice [4] have shown that, for an anisotropic elastic inclusion in an otherwise isotropic and homogeneous elastic space, the coefficient depends on at most 22 parameters. In addition, efficient numerical programs have been constructed to evaluate this coefficient for ellipsoidal inclusions. Other work has related it to the stress intensity factor for flaws which are crack-like [5].
Psychotherapy and Psycholinguistics

Because of the personal contract between patient and therapist, psychotherapy remains somewhat closed to public vision. Dyadic psychotherapies have even fewer observers than group therapies. This established privacy results in the tendency of therapists to use the hu- manness of their personalities to a greater degree than in any other applied science. Although the rules for the conduct of a therapy may be well prescribed as they are in psychoanalytic therapy, these rules may be altered in order to accommodate a particular therapist’s artfulness. The artfulness, in turn, is said to derive from an attempt to respond empathi- cally to perceived needs of patients. However, the distinction between the art and science of psychotherapy is trivial and misleading, because a scientific attitude toward data includes the examination of all varieties of investigation and social discourse—even that which is artful. Thus, we do not take away from that which is artful in psychotherapy by examining systematically what therapists do. Furthermore, we may use such systematic knowledge for furthering the science of what is mutative in the psychotherapeutic exchange. Without such examination we submit to mystification rather than the pursuit of rational explanation. Socrates was right, however, in suggesting that it is neither science nor art that is at the top of the heap. As both scientists and artists, psychotherapists may rest easy if they yield to philosophy the job of examining the presuppositions of both human enterprises. I, for one, gladly yield o philosophy (the love of truth) the “high place” at the table, especially if new light may be shed on the process. Linguistics is close to philosophy in examining the presuppositions and bases of verbal exchange and may serve as well.
Equilibrium Temperature of Wideband Perfect Light Absorbers under Direct Solar Illumination

A new method is introduced to calculate equilibrium temperature by using dipole antenna model. It is found that the single dielectric layer absorbing structure gives the highest equilibrium temperature of 979 K.
A clinical prediction tool to determine the need for concurrent systematic sampling at the time of magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsy

Objective To develop a clinical prediction tool that characterises the risk of missing significant prostate cancer by omitting systematic biopsy in men undergoing transrectal ultrasonography/magnetic resonance imaging (TRUS/MRI)-fusion-guided biopsy. Patients and methods A consecutive sample of men undergoing TRUS/MRI-fusion-guided biopsy with the UroNav® system (Invivo International, Best, The Netherlands) who also underwent concurrent systematic biopsy was included. By comparing the grade of cancer diagnosed on targeted and systematic biopsy cores, we identified cases where clinically significant disease (Gleason score ≥3+4) was only found on systematic and not targeted cores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictive factors for finding significant cancer on systematic cores only. We then used these data to develop a nomogram and evaluated its utility using decision curve analysis. Results Of the 398 men undergoing TRUS/MRI-fusion-guided biopsy in our study, there were 46 (11.6%) cases in which clinically significant cancer was missed on targeted biopsy and detected on systematic biopsy. The clinical setting, number of MRI lesions identified, and the highest Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score of the lesions, were all found to be predictors of this. Our model had a good discriminative ability (concordance index = 0.70). The results from our decision curve analysis show that this model provides a higher net clinical benefit than either biopsying all men or omitting biopsy in all patients when the threshold probability is Conclusion We found that omitting concurrent systematic biopsy in men undergoing TRUS/MRI-fusion-guided biopsy would miss significant disease in more than one in 10 patients. We propose a prediction model with good discriminative ability that can be used to improve patient selection for performing concurrent systematic biopsy in order to minimise the number of missed significant cancers. It is important that our model is validated in external cohorts before being employed in routine clinical practice.
Dynamic Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: The Micro-Foundations of Regional Entrepreneurship:

In pursuit of the beneficial outcomes of entrepreneurship, governments and regional development organisations enact policies to stimulate entrepreneurial activity. A growing focus of policymakers i...
Graduate Students Using Concept Mapping to Visualize Instructional Design Processes

This study was conducted to investigate concept mapping as an instructional technique to help student designers tackle complex issues in instructional design. Specifically, this study focuses on three dimensions: perceived learning, collaborative learning, and usability. We examined how student designers perceived the use of Cacoo as a concept mapping tool in three different instructional design courses and how a concept mapping approach facilitated or constrained students’ design process. The study participants were 24 graduate students enrolled in three different courses over the span of a year. Through quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative coding, our data revealed students’ overall positive perception toward Cacoo and demonstrated various means in which student designers successfully utilized the concept mapping approach to create external representations. We also provided implications for practitioners and recommendations for future researchers.
A new perspective on oxidation of DNA repair proteins and cancer

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are formed as byproducts of many endogenous cellular processes, in response to infections, and upon exposure to various environmental factors. An increase in RONS can saturate the antioxidation system and leads to oxidative stress. Consequently, macromolecules are targeted for oxidative modifications, including DNA and protein. The oxidation of DNA, which leads to base modification and formation of abasic sites along with single and double strand breaks, has been extensively investigated. Protein oxidation is often neglected and is only recently being recognized as an important regulatory mechanism of various DNA repair proteins. This is a review of the current state of research on the regulation of DNA repair by protein oxidation with emphasis on the correlation between inflammation and cancer.
Growth regulation of Mexican sage and 'Homestead Purple' verbena during greenhouse and nursery production.

Abstract Salvia leucantha (Mexican sage) and Verbena canadensis ‘Homestead Purple’ were treated with the plant growth retardants (PGRs), Cutless, Sumagic, B-Nine/Cycocel tank mixes, or Pistill unde...
Sorption of Trichloroethylene by Soil and Aquifer Solids

The adsorption of a very common organic solvent (trichloroethylene) on two different solids (an A horizon soil and a sandstone) was investigated by laboratory experiments. Specific experimental developments lead to the choice of flame sealed glass ampoules as adsorption reactors. The sorption of TCE is rapid. Equilibrium is reached within 24 hours. Adsorption isotherms show the influence of the organic carbon content of the solids.
Processes Associated with Convection Initiation in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System, Version 3 (NAMv3)

AbstractIn support of the Next Generation Global Prediction System (NGGPS) project, processes leading to convection initiation in the North American Mesoscale Forecast System, version 3 (NAMv3) are...
Loss of DmGluRA exacerbates age-related sleep disruption and reduces lifespan.

Abstract Declines in sleep amount and quality—characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and an inability to sleep at night—are common features of aging. Sleep dysfunction is also associated with age-related ailments and diseases, suggesting that sleep is functionally relevant to the aging process. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)—which are critical regulators of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity—have been implicated in both age-related disease and sleep regulation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the sleep and aging effect of complete genetic loss of mGluR signaling in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetic knockdown of the sole Drosophila mGluR—known as DmGluRA—reduced daytime wakefulness and nighttime sleep, recapitulating age-related sleep changes that occur across species. Furthermore, loss of DmGluRA significantly reduced lifespan and exacerbated age-related sleep loss in older flies. Thus, we identify DmGluRA as a novel regulator of sleep whose loss results in an age-relevant sleep phenotype that is associated with shortened lifespan. This is the first evidence that mGluR signaling regulates sleep/wake in a manner that is relevant to the aging process.
Atomic-Scale Surface Structure and CO Tolerance of NiCu Single-Atom Alloys

Ni is one of the most extensively utilized metals in industrial catalysis. For example, Ni is the catalyst of choice for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons. However, pure Ni also detrimentally catalyzes the formation of graphitic carbon, which in turn leads to coking and deactivation of the catalyst. It has been shown that alloying small amounts of a less reactive metal like Au into Ni can alleviate this issue by breaking up the larger Ni ensembles that promote coke formation. We are taking the opposite of this approach by alloying very small amounts of Ni into Cu, a catalytically less active host metal, to create single Ni atom sites. In this way our single-atom alloy approach has the potential to greatly enhance catalytic selectivity and reduce poisoning, analogous to other single-atom alloys such as PtCu and PdCu. Herein we report the atomic-scale surface structure and local geometry of low coverages of Ni deposited on a Cu(111) single crystal as determined by scanning tunneling microscopy. At 433 K, ...
Variation among Copies of Titles Catalogued as Identical Should Inform Retention Decisions

A Review of: Teper, J. H. (2019). Considering “sameness” of monographic holdings in shared print retention decisions. Library Resources & Technical Services, 63(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.5860/lrts.63n1.29 Abstract Objective – To investigate the degree to which books catalogued using the same bibliographic record differ and to consider the implications of these differences for cooperative monographic print retention programs. Design – Book condition survey. Setting – Academic library consortium in the United States of America. Subjects – 47 monographic titles, publication years 1851-1922, held by all consortium members and catalogued using the same respective OCLC record number. 625 out of a possible 705 circulating copies of these titles were available for item-level analysis via interlibrary loan. Methods – Book condition surveys were completed for all items and the resulting sets of assessment data points were analyzed to reveal trends. Main Results – 3.4% of items analyzed exhibited cataloguing errors (i.e., were catalogued using the wrong OCLC records), 56.8% retained their original bindings, 17.8% were marked to show previous ownership, 95.7% were complete with no missing content, 9.8% had no damage, and 18.9% had received identifiable preservation action. Conclusion – Books catalogued using the same OCLC record demonstrated many differences when compared at the item level. These differences are important in light of shared print retention programs and highlight a need for inquiry into the number of copies that should be retained to minimize the loss of uniqueness in print materials.
An empirically based proposal to identify a short battery to detect neuropsychological impairment in a general adult practice.

Objectives: To demonstrate that 1) models based on small numbers of tests can be statistically developed to identify neuropsychological impairment in a general adult neuropsychology clinic and 2) those models show strong predictive validity on replication in a slightly different sample. Method: Latent Class Analyses (LCA) were used to determine neuropsychological classification in 231 patients referred to general adult neuropsychology services. A clinical rating scale was also used to approximate clinical decision-making. Regression models were constructed in a training sample (n = 127) drawn from an adult neuropsychology clinic using test scores from seven different a priori test battery combinations to predict group membership or clinical rating. The utility of the seven models was assessed in a testing sample (n = 104) from another independent adult neuropsychology clinic. Results: The LCA yielded a two class solution characterized by impaired versus non-impaired performance on neuropsychological tests. A seven test battery provided the best balance of accuracy and length in predicting LCA group with a sensitivity of 84.4% and a specificity of 90%. Sensitivity and specificity were slightly attenuated using the clinical rating scale as the criterion, but the seven test battery still provided good accuracy (AUC=.906). Conclusions: Test protocols based on only five to eight test scores can accurately identify most patients with clinical impairment in a diverse adult neuropsychology clinic. Development of short protocols with adequate sensitivity and specificity will become increasingly important to address long waiting lists in light of the COVID pandemic against the general backdrop of increasing demand for neuropsychological services.
Commentary: Pharmacologic Correlates that Address the Clinicopathobiology of COVID-19.

COVID-19 could remain a pandemic until we get a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to immunize the world population. In the interim, we have the opportunity to consider its clinicopathobiology in the context of the pharmacologic correlates available from the existing medical literature to prevent the COVID-19 infected patient from progressing into a fatal stage. This commentary serves as a forum for that end and suggests relatively non-toxic therapies that could be applied in a combinatorial fashion for consideration by the physicians and their patients with COVID-19 infection.
Classification of Nerve Injuries

SUMMARY This article has presented a variety of nerve injury classification schemes. It is evident that many factors must be considered in order to develop a treatment plan for nerve injuries. There is no “cookbook” approach for the management of nerve injuries. Each nerve injury is unique and requires a unique treatment plan based on the specific details of the injury. The treatment of nerve injuries is facilitated and the mystery minimized when the various classification schemes presented in this article are used to develop specific problem lists and diagnoses.
The Impact of an Educational Program on Medical Students' Knowledge and Awareness of Elder Abuse.

Objective Approximately 1 in 6 adults 60 and older have experienced a form of abuse in the past year. Many cases remain under-reported due to lack of knowledge and awareness. This study created an educational program on elder abuse for medical students to determine if participation would increase knowledge and awareness of elder abuse. Methods This study used a pre and post survey methodology to evaluate students' knowledge and awareness of elder abuse before and after participating in this educational program. Sixty first and second year osteopathic medical students at the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Carolinas Campus participated in this study. Students were emailed a pre-survey to evaluate their pre-existing knowledge and awareness. The survey was, previously created by the Student Training on Preventing Domestic Violence (STOP-DV) team using validated measures. Participants then attended educational events about various forms of elder abuse and recognizing its associated signs, and afterward completed the post-survey. The results were compared using t-tests to determine if there was a significant difference. Results First and second year students differed significantly in pre-survey results of knowledge but not post-survey results. The results showed a significant difference in overall mean knowledge (P-value < .001) and awareness scores (P-value < .001) in all students. Conclusion These results suggest education on elder abuse can enable future physicians to better recognize, understand, and support older adults regarding elder maltreatment.
Metabolic Strategies and Pathway Design

This chapter discusses the major principles that govern the course of chemical reactions in living cells. Thermodynamics gives the criterion to determine the energy status for a biochemical reaction. Photons radiated by the Sun are the ultimate source of energy for driving energy-dependent reactions in living organisms. Living cells require a steady supply of starting materials and energy. Metabolism depends on factors that are external to the organism. This chapter discusses that organisms differ in sources of starting materials, energy, and reducing power. In contrast to autotrophs, the common heterotrophs depend on preformed organic compounds for all primary needs. Reactions show functional coupling. Thermodynamically unfavorable reactions can be made favorable by coupling to the adenosine triphosphate–adenosine diphosphate system. Reactions are organized into sequences or pathways. Most of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in living cells are organized into sequences or pathways. Activities of pathways are regulated by controlling the amounts and activities of the enzymes. Organisms regulate their metabolic activities to avoid deficiencies or excesses of metabolic products. Sequentially related enzymes are frequently clustered. A fundamental aspect of biochemical organizations is that the enzymes that catalyze a sequence are often clustered in the cell. Anabolic and catabolic pathways are regulated by the energy status of the cell. It is not always an advantage for the concentration of an amino acid or other end product to be the only factor that determines the rate at which that end product is synthesized. Regulation of pathways involves the interplay of kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
Asml: Automatic Site Markup Language

Creation of large and complex World Wide Web sites is hampered by the “page at a time” approach of many tools and the programming knowledge and custom software development required for automated solutions. This paper describes the development of Automatic Site Markup Language (ASML). ASML is a new markup language designed to automate and facilitate the production of large, complicated web sites which can include dynamic content or content that changes with time. ASML extends HTML with new, high-level features while still preserving complete compatibility with common browser and server technologies. It has powerful indexing and searching facilities, and enables the automatic translation of document formats. Most importantly, ASML provides HTML-like features at the site level rather than just the page level.
Ada edu project

The Ada programming language was designed to inherently support advanced software engineering. Thus, Ada is more than a language to the educator — Ada provides a framework in which to teach software engineering and computer science in ways not previously possible. However, most of the current emphasis in Ada development is involved with tools for the experienced programmer. These environments are usually too complex and bulky to be presented to novices in an early computer science course (based on the ACM CS1 curriculum). In addition, they usually require hardware that is too expensive to provide for large numbers of students. Therefore, in this paper we discuss a plan to construct an Ada environment for novices based on the MacGNOME environments already developed at Carnegie Mellon and being used on the Apple Macintosh. Through cooperation between the Software Engineering Institute, the Computer Science Department, Apple Computer, and Incremental Systems, Inc., we hope to put together a complete package including curricula, software (including support libraries), and a textbook to be used in teaching with Ada at the introductory level.
Increasing exchanges at Greenland‐Scotland Ridge and their links with the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Sea Ice

[1] A global ice-ocean model shows increasing Atlantic water (AW) inflow at the Iceland-Scotland Ridge (ISR) during 1953–2002. As a result, the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Sea is gaining more heat and salt from the North Atlantic Ocean, while the latter is being freshened mainly by exporting more salt to the GIN Sea. The exchanges of volume, heat, and freshwater at the Greenland-Scotland Ridge (GSR) are strongly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and their positive trend is closely linked to the NAO elevation in recent decades. The model confirms observations of decreasing dense water outflow at the Faroe-Scotland Passage since the 1950s. However, the simulated dense water outflow shows an increase at Denmark Strait, at the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, and at the GSR as a whole, owing to an increase in AW inflow that may cause an increase in AW recirculation and deep water production in the GIN Sea. The increase of the ISR heat inflow since 1965 contributes to continued thinning of the arctic sea ice since 1966. The influence of the heat inflow on arctic sea ice lags 2–3 years, which suppresses ice production even when the NAO temporarily shifts to a negative mode. Because of this delay, the decline of arctic sea ice is likely to continue if the inflow continues to increase and if the NAO does not shift to a sustained negative mode.
Coacervation of Tropoelastin Results in Fiber Formation

Tropoelastin, the non-cross-linked precursor of the elastic fiber, is shown by electron microscopy to form filaments upon coacervation. These results, which are similar to those previously observed for α-elastin, suggest that the hydrophobic interactions involved in coacervation are an ordering force prior to cross-linkage.
Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue Weight of Rats Fed Starch or Sucrose Diets Ad Libitum or in Meals

The deposition of edidymal and perirenal fat, serum insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity of epididymal fat, expressed as the insulin-stimulated production of CO2 from glucose, were determined in Wistar rats fed diets containing either 54% starch or sucrose ad libitum or pair-fed in meals. Regardless of the pattern of feeding, sucrose-fed rats deposited more adipose tissue per 100 g body weight and exhibited less insulin sensitivity than did starch-fed rats. Significant differences in adipose tissue weights were not always accompanied by significant differences in body weights. Meal-fed rats deposited less adipose tissue and showed a greater insulin sensitivity than did ad libitum rats fed the same carbohydrate. However, when changes in feeding pattern negated the difference in adipose weights there was no difference in the insulin sensitivity of the meal-fed and ad libitum-fed rats. Rats consuming the sucrose diet generally exhibited significantly higher fasting serum insulin levels than did rats consuming the starch diet. The serum insulin values tended to be higher in the ad libitum-fpididymal tissue from the meal-fed and starch-fed rats tended to be greater than that of the sucrose-fed or ad libitum-fed rats, respectively, suggesting differences in adipocyte composition. Since obesity, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinism are associated with an impairment of glucose tolerance, the observed metabolic effects of dietary sucrose are considered to be undesirable.
Brief Report: Progress Reported in Three Children with Autism Using Daily Life Therapy.

These observational data reflect the school's emphasis in its first few years. Through sharing these results with colleagues at the school and others familiar with the curriculum, additional informal validity was achieved. From this study, it stands out that several important areas of Daily Life Therapy are worthy of greater attention. There is a need to continue observing the progress of children enrolled. Long-term learning in the areas of academics, behavior, and language has not yet been studied. If, indeed, it takes several years to induce changes in the biobehavioral states of children with autism, then these three children should experience an increase in skill acquisition over the next few years. However, the lack of progress in the area noted was disturbing at the time of data collection. These observational results vary tremendously with the type of evaluation and progress reports which are standard procedure as part of the Daily Life Therapy program. In Tokyo, Kitahara had developed her own method of evaluating students, a form called "Standards to Measure the Degree of Autism." At the time of this study, this was still used with each entrant to the school. Japanese and American educators at the school might disagree with the analytic and behavioral style of observations used in this study. Trying to evaluate progress in a Japanese style school using American behavioral procedures was a complicated undertaking, one deserving a more complete review. Some of these intercultural differences are examined elsewhere in an article written collaboratively by a group of American and Japanese educators (Gurry et al., 1996). This study indicates that Daily Life Therapy may have some strengths which are worthy of educators' attention. Educators need to know which treatment might be expected to influence maintenance and generalization as well as acquisition of skills in particular populations of students in order to effectively and propitiously manipulate instructional elements (Donellan & Mirenda, 1983). When making a decision about where to educate children with autism, parents and professionals in the United States and internationally deserve the most complete and honest data. Only then can parents make well-informed decisions about the best educational program for their child.
Computation of oscillatory solutions to partial differential equations

Numerical approximations of hyperbolic partial differential equations with oscillatory solutions are studied. Convergence is analyzed in the practical case for which the continous solution is not well resolved on the computational grid. Averaged difference approximations of linear problems and particle method approximations of semilinear problems are presented. Highly oscillatory solutions to the Carleman and Broadwell models are considered. The continous and the corresponding numerical models converge to the same homogenized limit as the frequency in the oscillation increases.
Haptic Surface Exploration

We describe research at the Stanford Dextrous Manipulation Lab centered around haptic exploration of objects with robot hands. The research areas include object acquisition and manipulation and object exploration with robot fingers to measure surface features, textures and friction. We assume that the robot is semi-autonomous; it can receive guidance or supervision from humans regarding object selection and grasp choice, but is also equipped with algorithms for autonomous fine manipulation, surface exploration and feature identification. The applications of this work include object retrieval and identification in remote or hazardous environments.
Factoring Polynomials over Finite Fields

We begin this chapter by considering another application of Mobius inversion, this time to the result of Theorem 6.1, viz. $$ {x^{{{q^n}}}} - x = \prod\limits_{{d|n}} {{V_d}} (x) $$ , where V d (x) denotes the product of all monic irreducible polynomials of degree d over GF(q). We recall (see Example 6.3) that here the underlying group is the set of rational functions \( \{ {\text{p}}\left( {\text{x}} \right)/{\text{q}}\left( {\text{x}} \right):{\text{p}}\left( {\text{x}} \right),{\text{q}}\left( {\text{x}} \right) \in {\text{k}}\left[ {\text{x}} \right],{\text{p}}\left( {\text{x}} \right) \ne 0,{\text{g}}\left( {\text{x}} \right) \ne 0\} \), and the group operation is multiplication. When the group is written multiplicatively, Theorem 6.3 becomes $$ b(n) = \prod\limits_{{d|n}} {a{{(d)}^{{\mu (n/d)}}}} $$ (7.1) , where a0 = 1 (the group’s identity), a+1 = a, a-1 = the inverse of a. Thus combining (7.1) with Theorem 6.1, we obtain $$ {V_n}(x) = \prod\limits_{{d|n}} {({x^{{{q^d}}}}} - x{)^{{\mu (n/d)}}} $$ (7.2) .
Modeled risk of ischemic heart disease following left breast irradiation with deep inspiration breath hold

Abstract Purpose Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) dramatically reduces radiation dose to the heart during radiation therapy (RT) for left-sided breast cancer, but the subsequent risk of radiation-related ischemic heart disease (IHD) is unknown. Our primary objective was to quantify the risk of IHD following RT with DIBH using modeled risk estimates (MRE). Methods and materials Patients with stage 0-III left-sided breast cancer who received RT with DIBH were retrospectively studied. Computed tomography simulations were performed with DIBH and during free breathing (FB) for comparison of dosimetry. Patients were classified as high risk, at risk, or at optimal risk for IHD and baseline risk estimates for IHD were obtained from historic controls. The excess relative risk of IHD because of left breast RT was calculated using patient-specific dosimetry and an existing dose-effect model. MRE were determined from the sum of baseline risk estimates and excess risk. Results Between 2002 and 2011, 111 patients were treated using DIBH and 104 were available for analysis. MRE for 10-year risk of IHD with DIBH and FB were 3.25% (interquartile range [IQR], 1.20-3.44) and 3.64% (IQR, 1.43-3.81) ( P P Conclusions RT with DIBH may provide breast cancer survivors a clinically significant reduction in the risk of IHD.