cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-driven link quality prediction using link features

As an integral part of reliable communication in wireless networks, effective link estimation is essential for routing protocols. However, due to the dynamic nature of wireless channels, accurate link quality estimation remains a challenging task. In this article, we propose 4C, a novel link estimator that applies link quality prediction along with link estimation. Our approach is data driven and consists of three steps: data collection, offline modeling, and online prediction. The data collection step involves gathering link quality data, and based on our analysis of the data, we propose a set of guidelines for the amount of data to be collected in our experimental scenarios. The modeling step includes offline prediction model training and selection. We present three prediction models that utilize different machine learning methods, namely, naive Bayes classifier, logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Our models take a combination of PRR and the physical-layer information, that is, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Link Quality Indicator (LQI) as input, and output the success probability of delivering the next packet. From our analysis and experiments, we find that logistic regression works well among the three models with small computational cost. Finally, the third step involves the implementation of 4C, a receiver-initiated online link quality prediction module that computes the short temporal link quality. We conducted extensive experiments in the Motelab and our local indoor testbeds, as well as an outdoor deployment. Our results with single- and multiple-senders experiments show that with 4C, CTP improves the average cost of delivering a packet by 20p to 30p. In some cases, the improvement is larger than 45p.
Comparison of slow and fast neocortical neuron migration using a new in vitro model

Mutations, toxic insults and radiation exposure are known to slow or arrest the migration of cortical neurons, in most cases by unknown mechanisms. The movement of migrating neurons is saltatory, reflecting the intermittent movement of the nucleus (nucleokinesis) within the confines of the plasma membrane. Each nucleokinetic movement is analogous to a step. Thus, average migration speed could be reduced by lowering step frequency and/or step distance. To assess the kinetic features of cortical neuron migration we developed a cell culture system that supports fiber-guided migration. In this system, the majority of fiber-apposed cells were neurons, expressed age-appropriate cortical-layer specific markers and migrated during a 30 min imaging period. Comparison of the slowest and fastest quartiles of cells revealed a 5-fold difference in average speed. The major determinant of average speed in slower cells (6–26 μm/hr) was step frequency, while step distance was the critical determinant of average speed in faster cells (>26 μm/hr). Surprisingly, step distance was largely determined by the average duration of the step, rather than the speed of nucleokinesis during the step, which differed by only 1.3-fold between the slowest and fastest quartiles. Saltatory event frequency and duration, not nucleokinetic speed, are the major determinants of average migration speed in healthy neurons. Alteration of either saltatory event frequency or duration should be considered along with nucleokinetic abnormalities as possible contributors to pathological conditions.
A NEW CRETACEOUS CONIFER FROM NORTHERN ALASKA

ONE OF THE results of the 1951 University of Michigan paleobotanical expedition to northem Alaska (Arnold, 1952) was the discovery of a new fossil member of the Taxodiaceae that is intermediate between Taxodium and Metasequoia. It represents a heretofore unknown genus for which the name Parataxodiwm is proposed. Its only species, P. wigginsii, is named in recognition of Dr. I. L. Wiggins, who, at the time of the expedition, was scientific director of the Arctic Research Laboratory at Point Barrow, and whose interest in the project contributed much to the success of the venture. The expedition, carried out during July and August of 1951, was for the purpose of exploring Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 for fossil plants. It was financed by the Office of Naval Research with the Arctic Research Laboratory supplying equipment and serving as the operational base. Because there are few named landmarks in that part of Alaska explored in 1951, the places where fossil plants were found are difficult to specify with precision. However, almost all maps of Alaska, even those of large scale, show a major bend in the Colville River about 75 miles south of the place where it flows into the Arctic Ocean. At this bend the river changes its course from an easterly one to almost due north. The new conifer was found about six miles downstream from this bend, on the right bank near the base of a high cliff. The locality is also three miles below the place where the Chandler River flows into the Colville and two miles upstream from the mouth of the Anaktuvuk River. Both of these tributaries, however, enter the Colville on the opposite side from where the plants were found. Positions of the lines of latitude and longitude differ as much as ten miles on different maps of the region under consideration, but on the Umiat map sheet of the Alaska Reconnaissance Topographic Series of the United States Geological Survey, Edition of 1952, the plant locality is in the vicinity of the place where parallel 690 30' north crosses meridian 1510 30' west. The high cliffs that flank the west bank of the Colville River extend for several miles both upstream and downstream from the plant localitv. At places they rise precipitously from the edge of the water to heights of 100 feet or more. Above the initial rise they may continue upward less steeply to still greater heights. The cliffs form a prominent headland in the angle of the bend mentioned above. Downstream for a few miles they trend away from the river channel but approach it again in the vicinity of the place where the plants were found.
Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion

The Branch Vein Occlusion Study is a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial that was designed to answer several questions regarding the management of complications of branch vein occlusion. Recently, this study reported the benefit of argon laser photocoagulation for improving visual acuity in certain eyes with macular edema, performing the laser photocoagulation in a "grid" pattern over the area demonstrated as leaking by fluorescein angiography. Comparing treated patients with control patients (mean follow-up 3.1 years for all study eyes), a gain of at least two lines of visual acuity from baseline maintained for two consecutive visits was significantly greater in treated eyes (P = 0.00049 log rank test). Because of this improvement in visual acuity with argon laser photocoagulation, the study recommends laser photocoagulation for patients with macular edema associated with branch vein occlusion who meet the eligibility criteria of the study.
Effect of azithromycin on endothelial function of patients with coronary artery disease and evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

To the Editor: Parchure et al1 recently published the results of a study that suggest that treatment with azithromycin had a favorable effect on endothelial function in patients with documented coronary artery disease and serological evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The authors assume that the presence of C pneumoniae antibody is an accurate indicator of infection, but in reality, we have no way of accurately determining who is infected based on serological studies. Recent evidence indicates substantial problems with interlaboratory reproducibility using the microimmunofluorescence (MIF) assay,2 even though this is the only serological assay recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).3 The CDC also stated that there are no validated serological criteria for chronic or past infection. The MIF assay is not standardized, and cross-reactions occur with other Chlamydia species and possibly with other bacteria, including Bartonella and Legionella species.4 However, the serological method used by Parchure et al1 was not even specified, and thus the significance of an anti- C …
Effects of mammalian ACTH on liver and muscle glycogen levels in the South American caiman (Caiman sclerops).

Abstract The effects of feeding, starvation, and mammalian ACTH administration upon liver and muscle glycogen stores were studied in the South American caiman (Caiman sclerops). The concentration of glycogen in the liver and muscle was not affected by 20 days of starvation, but the liver weight to body weight ratio was significantly reduced in the starved caimans. Administration of mammalian ACTH to starved caimans had no effect upon the levels of muscle glycogen, but did elevate the concentration of glycogen in the liver to varying degrees: statistically significant increases in liver glycogen levels were observed in response to mammalian ACTH in experiments conducted during July and October, but not in identical experiments conducted during February or May, suggesting that the ability of the liver to form glycogen or to respond to ACTH may vary annually or at some other interval. ACTH resulted in a significant increase in the adrenal weight to body weight ratio.
TEAN-Sleep for Distributed Sensor Networks: Introduction and α-Metrics Analysis

One of the significant applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is threat surveillance, where events are rare and the sensing nodes are idle most of the time. Sleep is essential for conserving energy in such applications, since, for sensor technology, the energy consumption rate during idle state is in the same order of magnitude as during radio communications. This paper proposes Topology and Energy Adaptive, Non-synchronous (TEAN) sleep, a network-level sleep coordination scheme for WSNs that exploits the neighborhood connection redundancies to achieve longer durations of continuous node sleep, while ensuring uniform (close to 100%) network coverage and connectivity for reliable threat surveillance. The main objective of TEAN-sleep is to maximize lifetime without degrading the connection reliability of a network. In that perspective, this work adopts sensor-oriented α-metrics, a unified representation of energy conservation, coverage and connectivity efficiency, to quantify the performance of TEAN-sleep. Simulations predict 70% average α-performance improvement when employing TEAN-sleep as compared to the sleep deprived WSNs, under variety of monitoring scenarios.
Towards a Cultural Framework of Audience Response and Television Violence

In his paper "Towards a Cultural Framework of Audience Response and Television Violence" Lajos Csaszi argues that media violence is not a reification of social violence; rather, a popular ritual allowing contemporary societies to sublimate, to substitute, and to discuss aggression in the public sphere. Csaszi reviews the central questions of contemporary debates about television violence including Stuart Hall's thought on this topic and introduces the ideas of Elias, Geertz, Turner, Bettelheim, Benjamin, Girard, and others in order to locate the representation of violence in an interdisciplinary context. Using the genre of the horror film as an example, Csaszi suggests alternate ways the representation of violence could be interpreted. Csaszi's objective is to reconnect the vital but neglected theoretical insights of social and cultural thinkers to existing debates about the meanings of media representations of violence. Lajos Csaszi, "Towards a Cultural Framework of Audience Response and Television Violence" page 2 of 13 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 10.3 (2008):
Rat α-fetoprotein—III. Refinement of radioimmunoassay for detection of 1 ng rat α1F

Abstract The conditions for a competitive binding radioimmunoassay of rat α 1 -fetoprotein, sensitive and reproducible at the nanogram level, are described. Careful selection of the antiserum dilution and incubation times permits approximately a 10-fold increase in the sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay. The mean serum α 1 F concentration for normal adult male Buffalo rats is 0·026 ± 0·0012 (SEM) μ g/ml.
A visual pathway that mediates fear-conditioned enhancement of acoustic startle

Eighty rats received 10 light-shock pairings on two successive days. Seventy-two h after the final training session, subjects received lesions directed at the primary visual areas (deep and superficial layers of the superior colliculus, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, visual cortex and thalamic reticular nucleus) and at the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and reticularis pontis caudalis, proposed components of a primary acoustic startle circuit in the rat. Control animals were sham operated. One day later, all animals were tested for startle by presenting noise bursts of 3 different intensities in the presence or absence of the light conditioned stimulus. Potentiated startle (the difference between light-noise vs noise-alone trials) was significantly attenuated or eliminated by lesions directed at the dorsal nucleus of the lateral geniculate, deep layers of the superior colliculus, visual cortex, and the posteroventral region of the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Lesions directed at pretectal nuclei, superficial layers of the superior colliculus, thalamic reticular nucleus, nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis or dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus did not attenuate potentiated startle. The results suggest that the visual pathway that mediates potentiated startle goes from the retina to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to visual cortex to deep layers of superior colliculus and down to the postero-ventral region of the lateral lemniscus where acoustic startle is modulated.
Genetic and molecular aspects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin action.

Some halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons· (HAHs) such as the polychlori­ nated biphenyls have been used extensively for commercial purposes. Related compounds, such as the halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, have no commercial value themselves but are generated during the man­ ufacture or combustion of other HAHs. In general, HAHs are lipophilic and stable; halogenation renders them relatively resistant to enzymatic conversion to water-soluble derivatives. Therefore, HAHs tend to persist in the environ­ ment and to accumulate in the food chain, posing a potential risk to human health (l, 2). Toxicologic evaluations reveal that the various HAHs evoke similar responses, although they differ by orders of magnitude in potency; therefore, they are believed to share a common mechanism of action.
Remodelling technology transfer

Should inventors control the fate of their own inventions? In the US, most universities think not. But, as Emmanuel Dumont explains, the Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute at Cornell Tech in New York City bets otherwise.
Anisotropic pseudopotential for polarized dilute quantum gases

An anisotropic pseudopotential arising in the context of collisions of two particles polarized by an external field is rigorously derived and its properties are investigated. Such a low-energy pseudopotential may be useful in describing collective properties of dilute quantum gases, such as molecules polarized by an electric field or metastable ${}^{3}{P}_{2}$ atoms polarized by a magnetic field. The pseudopotential is expressed in terms of the reactance (K) matrix and derivatives of the Dirac $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function. In most applications, it may be represented as a sum of a traditional spherically symmetric contact term and an anisotropic part. The former contribution may be parametrized by a generalized scattering length. The anisotropic part of the pseudopotential may be characterized by the off-diagonal scattering length for dipolar interactions and off-diagonal scattering volume for quadrupolar interactions. The two-body matrix element of the pseudopotential in a basis of plane waves is also derived.
Of Blue Collars and Ivory Towers: Women from Blue-Collar Backgrounds in Higher Education.

Women in higher education from blue‐collar backgrounds are pioneers. These women are often firsts — the first from the family to go to college, the first to work in higher education, the first to h...
Electrochemical Study of 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and Its Interaction with Cu(II) and H2O2 in Aqueous Solutions: Implications for Wood Decay

The electrochemical behavior of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and the electron-transfer characteristics between Cu(II) and 2,3-DHBA were studied in aqueous solutions using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The overall electrochemical oxidation process of 2,3-DHBA by Cu(II) may be classified as a chemical reaction involving one-electron oxidation of 2,3-DHBA to its semiquinone radical in solution, followed by an electron-transfer reaction involving the oxidation of the semiquinone radical to a quinone at the electrode surface. In the presence of H2O2, oxidation of 2,3-DHBA by Cu(II) is enhanced due to the regeneration of Cu(II) by H2O2 oxidizing Cu(I). The redox cycling between Cu(I)/Cu(II) and H2O2 also produces hydroxyl radicals (OH•). Even though the presence of OH• may not be detected at the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, production of electroactive dissolved oxygen (O2) suggests the presence of OH•. The production of O2 is dependent on Cu(II):H2O2 concentration ratio. At the electrode surface and...
A specific method for the determination of the aldotetroses.

Abstract An assay procedure specific for the aldotetroses and applicable over a 5- to 200-μg range has been described. It is based on the development of a compound with a 524-mμ absorption maximum when the four-carbon sugars are reacted with phenol in hot concentrated sulfuric acid solution. The reaction conditions are a modification of those previously described for the assay of pentoses and hexoses by the phenol-sulfuric acid technique. The assay conditions described can also be utilized for the assay of these higher sugars simply by altering the level of phenol present and the wavelength employed for the determination. It is also possible to assay aldotetroses in the presence of equivalent levels of hexose or pentose with little interference and to assay the longer chain sugars in the presence of tetrose with only moderate interference. A number of reaction parameters have been studied, and the behavior of several compounds related to the four-carbon sugars under these assay conditions has been described.
Multi-protocol active messages on a cluster of SMP's

Clusters of multiprocessors, or Clumps, promise to be the supercomputers of the future, but obtaining high performance on these architectures requires an understanding of interactions between the multiple levels of interconnection. In this paper, we present the first multi-protocol implementation of a lightweight message layer---a version of Active Messages-II running on a cluster of Sun Enterprise 5000 servers connected with Myrinet. This research brings together several pieces of high-performance interconnection technology: bus backplanes for symmetric multiprocessors, low-latency networks for connections between machines, and simple, user-level primitives for communication. The paper describes the shared memory message-passing protocol and analyzes the multi-protocol implementation with both microbenchmarks and Split-C applications. Three aspects of the communication layer are critical to performance: the overhead of cache-coherence mechanisms, the method of managing concurrent access, and the cost of accessing state with the slower protocol. Through the use of an adaptive polling strategy, the multi-protocol implementation limits performance interactions between the protocols, delivering up to 160 MB/s of bandwidth with 3.6 microsecond end-to-end latency. Applications within an SMP benefit from this fast communication, running up to 75% faster than on a network of uniprocessor workstations. Applications running on the entire Clump are limited by the balance of NIC's to processors in our system, and are typically slower than on the NOW. These results illustrate several potential pitfalls for the Clumps architecture.
Persistent Left Cranial Vena Cava in Dogs: Angiocardiography, Significance, and Coexisting Anomalies

Persistent left cranial venae were observed in angiocardiograms of 3 dogs at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital. Although this vessel seldom has clinical significance, it is hoped this report will spare others the confusion caused by the first case in this series. These 3 dogs and 5 out of 7 others had significant cardiovascular anomalies in addition to persistent left cranial venae cavae. Disciplines Cardiology | Medicine and Health Sciences | Veterinary Medicine Comments Appendix 6.3 of James W. Buchanan's dissertation Chronic Valve Disease and Left Atrial Splitting in the Dog This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/vet_papers/55 Persistent Left Cranial Vena Cava in Dogs: Angiocardiography, Significance, and Coexisting Anomalies! JAMES W. BUCHANAN, B.V.Sci" D.V.M.2
Stoichiometric interfaces of Al and Ag with Al2O3

Abstract Atomic geometries and adhesive energetics as computed from first principles are presented for stoichiometric Al(111)/Al2O3(0001) and Ag(111)/Al2O3(0001) interfaces and for the Al2O3(0001) surface. At both the interfaces and the alumina surface we found substantial interplanar relaxations within the alumina. We found the Al2O3(0001) surface energy to be 2150 mJ/m2, in reasonable agreement with earlier results. Interfacial energies varied only 10–15% over the 3 primary sites we investigated for each metal/alumina combination. For Al/Al2O3, we found the metal equilibrium configuration to be atop Al atoms of the alumina, with a work of adhesion of 1078 mJ/m2. For Ag/Al2O3, the work of adhesion is determined to be 672 mJ/m2, and we found the Ag atoms to be in the (3-fold oxygen) hollow sites. These works of adhesion appear to be reasonably consistent with experimental data for solid Al or Ag on Al2O3, but allowance for nonstoichiometry in the interface (work in progress) may be important for this quantity. Finally, we discuss the accuracy of improved exchange–correlation potential approximations.
Comparing Diagnostic Outcomes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using DSM - IV - TR and DSM - 5 Criteria

Controversy exists regarding the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. This study tested the psychometric properties of the DSM-5 model and determined how well it performed across different gender, IQ, and DSM-IV-TR sub-type, using clinically collected data on 227 subjects (median age = 3.95 years, majority had IQ > 70). DSM-5 was psychometrically superior to the DSM-IV-TR model (Comparative Fit Index of 0.970 vs 0.879, respectively). Measurement invariance revealed good model fit across gender and IQ. Younger children tended to meet fewer diagnostic criteria. Those with autistic disorder were more likely to meet social communication and repetitive behaviors criteria (p < .001) than those with PDD-NOS. DSM-5 is a robust model but will identify a different, albeit overlapping population of individuals compared to DSM-IV-TR.
There Really is a Difference: Nurses' Experiences With Transitioning From RNs to BSNs

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and describe the experience that associate degree and diploma nursing graduates have when transitioning from RN to BSN. Twelve nurses with a variety of clinical backgrounds and completion of different RN-BSN programs were interviewed to elicit the lived experience of transitioning from RN to BSN. Eight theme clusters emerged when the formulated meanings were organized into categories: (1) Varied Expectations, (2) Tentative Beginnings, (3) Cornerstone Courses, (4) Translating Knowledge Into Empowerment, (5) Becoming Assertive Leader and Advocate, (6) Confronting and Conquering Challenges, (7) Envisioning the Whole, and (8) Recreating Everyday Practice. Findings indicate that both the quality of patient care and nurses' practice were enhanced as a result of BSN completion programs.
Symanzik's field theory on p-adic spaces

Abstract We describe Symanzik's representation of scalar models on discretized p-adic spaces and the way it can be used to derive heuristic and rigorous results concerning their critical behavior. We check these results in the case of hierarchical models and point out their relevance for more conventional problems.
Immunochemical studies on a mouse myeloma protein with specificity for certain beta-linked terminal residues of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.

Abstract A transplantable BALB/c mouse plasmacytoma, S 117, produces an immunoglobulin with specificity for terminal nonreducing β-linked d -GNAc. The immunoglobulin is of the IgA class and possesses a kappa light chain. It precipitates with blood group H substance after the first and third stages of periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, with β-teichoic acid and with streptococcus Group A polysaccharide all of which have terminal nonreducing β- d -GNAc residues. The differences in the amounts of specific precipitate obtained with the various polysaccharides are discussed in relation to evaluating homogeneity of the reactive sites. Inhibition experiments confirmed the specificity for terminal nonreducing β-linked d -GNAc determinants; the best disaccharide inhibitor tested was β- GNAc (1 → 3)- d -Gal .
A tale of three eras: The discovery and rediscovery of the Hungarian Method

Abstract In the Fall of 1953, a translation of a paper of Jenő Egervary from Hungarian into English combined with a result of Denes Kőnig provided the basis of a good algorithm for the Linear Assignment Problem. To honor the Hungarian mathematicians whose ideas had been used, it was called the Hungarian Method. In 2005, Francois Ollivier discovered that the posthumous papers of Jacobi contain an algorithm that, when examined carefully, is essentially identical to the Hungarian Method. Since Jacobi died in 1851, this work was done over a hundred years prior to the publication of the Hungarian Method in 1955. This paper will provide an account for the mathematical, academic, social and political worlds of Jacobi, Kőnig, Egervary, and Kuhn. As sharply different as they were (Prussian monarchy, Hungary under the Nazis and the Communists, and the post-war USA), they produced the same mathematical result. The paper is self-contained, assuming little beyond the duality theory of linear programing. The Hungarian Method and Jacobi’s algorithm will be explained at an elementary level and will be illustrated by an example, solved both by the Hungarian Method and by Jacobi’s Method.
Possible interaction of cyclic nucleotides with the prolactin stimulation of casein synthesis in mouse mammary gland explants.

Abstract During a 10-h incubation, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors, viz. theophylline and quinine, were found to reduce by 40–50% the rate of [ 3 H]leucine incorporation into casein in mammary gland explants from midpregnant mice. Further, dibutyryl cyclic AMP as well as the phosphodiesterase inhibitors were found to abolish the prolactin stimulation of leucine incorporation into casein. Elevated levels of cyclic AMP therefore appear to impair the functionality of the mammary gland. Although cyclic GMP was previously shown to stimulate RNA synthesis in the mammary gland in a prolactin-like manner, it had no effect on the rate of casein synthesis in mammary gland explants. Preincubation of explants with cyclic GMP did, however, attenuate the time required for the commencement of the prolactin stimulation of the rate of leucine incorporation into casein. A physiological role of cyclic GMP for the regulation of the rate of casein synthesis is thus suggested.
Association between liver transplantation for Langerhans cell histiocytosis, rejection, and development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in children

Abstract Objective: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an unusual indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in children. Data from limited case reports suggest that orthotopic liver transplantation for LCH is associated with excellent survival rates and a low incidence of disease recurrence. However, in our experience, children who have transplantation for LCH appeared to experience a high incidence of refractory rejection and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Study design: Data from 398 liver transplants performed in 298 children younger than 15 years of age were reviewed to determine the presence of risk factors for PTLD in patients with LCH and other causes of liver failure. Results: The incidence of PTLD was significantly higher in children who received transplants for LCH compared with all indications ( p p p Conclusions: Patients who had transplantation for liver disease related to LCH experienced a 67% long-term survival (median follow up 5.8 years, range 2.1 to 7.5 years). Recurrent LCH occurred in only 33% of patients and was easily managed. However, PTLD developed in two thirds of these patients, perhaps in part because of the high incidence of refractory rejection. This series therefore demonstrates an association between a primary disease process and the development of PTLD. Although the data indicate that children with LCH-induced liver failure benefit from transplantation, special care must be exercised in screening for and preemptive treatment of PTLD. (J Pediatr 1997;131:98-104)
Differential effect of alpha- and beta-D-glucose on protection against alloxan toxicity in isolated islets

Abstract Using isolated rat islets of Langerhans perifused in vitro , the differential effect of alpha- and beta-D-glucose on the protection against alloxan toxicity was studied in terms of subsequent glucose-induced insulin secretion. Alpha-D-glucose (5,3 and 1.5 mg/ml) produced similar protection to that by a corresponding concentration of equilibrated D-glucose, and was significantly greater than that by beta-D-glucose. There was no apparent protection against alloxan toxicity by a 1 mg/ml medium of either equilibrated D-glucose or beta-D-glucose. However, the addition of 1 mg/ml of alpha-D-glucose to the alloxan solution provided the islets with partial but distinct insulin secretion. These results indicate that stereospecificity plays a role in protection of the is lets against alloxan toxicity at the beta cell membrane. The stereospecificity of alpha-D-glucose appears greater for an alloxan site than for an insulin triggering site.
Morphology and density distribution of cone photoreceptor in the retina of the atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina

Light miscroscopy of the retina in the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, reveal two distinct photoreceptor types. Histological criteria establish the two cell types as morphological rods and cones. The retina was studied through a sequential series of vertical sections in a protocol designed to evaluate the entire retina. By performing differential counts in multiple regions and expressing cones as a percent of the total photoreceptors in a domain, it was possible to determine relative cone density and distribution. Cone distribution varies throughout the retina in two patterns. First, relative cone density gradually decreases peripherally. Second, a cone-rich band occurs along the horizontal axis of the eye, extending from ora serrata to ora serrata. This structure appears to be a visual streak. Both distribution patterns are statistically significant and are consistent among animals regardless of age. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The reliability of romantic love: A reliability generalization meta-analysis

The present study is a reliability-generalization meta-analysis of 5 commonly used measures of romantic love: Rubin’s Loving and Liking scales, the Love Attitudes Scale, the Love Attitudes Scale–Short Form, the Passionate Love Scale, and the Triangular Love Scale. Data from 127 studies representing 38,132 participants provided internal consistency reliability estimates. The studies provide information on the average score reliability across studies and the effect of sample characteristics on score reliability across measures. The reliability of scores from several measures proved to be susceptible to the influence of sample characteristics, most notably, the ethnicity of the sample. The discussion provides recommendations to researchers and focuses on the ramifications of score reliability on love research.
Response to Ott and Hoh

To the Editor: We thank Ott and Hoh for pointing out additional references with regard to the use of scan statistics in genetics. We would like to take this opportunity to clarify some points about our approach.
Numerical simulations of a high Mach number jet flow

The present 2D simulations of plane and axisymmetric jets, which are relevant to current efforts to suppress the jet exhaust noise of prospective high-speed civil transports, were conducted by solving full Navier-Stokes equations by means of a high-order finite-difference scheme. The results obtained, which were able to generate the correct mode shape after an adjustment region of about 10 diameters, are in good agreement with linear-theory predictions of the growth of instability waves.
Some implications of an elastic-electrostatic analogy on certain path-independent integrals

Abstract Certain similarities in the structure of the laws governing a class of electrostatic and elastostatic problems are discussed. A variety of path-independent integrals which must apply to these electrostatic phenomena are deduced on the basis of these similarities. As an illustrated example of their use, these integrals are used to generate a novel solution for a well-known problem in the electrostatics of dielectrics, that of the behavior of the induction near the tip of a finite length straight crack in an infinite body subject to uniform applied inductions far from the crack. Finally, observations on further extensions of these analogies, and upon associated path-independent integrals, are also discussed.
Diel oxygen dynamics and anoxic events in an eutrophic estuary of Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts

As a result of nutrient loading from septic systems, a thick canopy of macroalgae covers the bottom of Waquoit Bay, an embayment on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Using automated conductivity-temperature-oxygen recorders and manual profiles, we measured diel water column O2 changes during summer in the Childs River, the estuary of the bay with the highest housing density. At dawn in midsummer, bottom waters in the Childs River are chronically hypoxic due to high rates of benthic respiration. On sunny days benthic photosynthesis drives bottom water O2 to 10–15 mg l−1 by afternoon. The extent of the daily O2 excursion is directly proportional to daily irradiance. Large diel O2 excursions in bottom water are due to limited mixing of surface and bottom water. Density stratification exceeded two sigma-t units 85% of the time during midsummer in the Childs River. Because of stratification, hypoxia and even anoxia occur in this estuary. The first of several anoxic events was observed in Waquoit Bay in 1988, and we have attempted to evaluate factors that trigger anoxia. High rates of benthic respiration result in anoxia when replenishment of O2 during the day is limited by insufficient light. Our analysis of meteorological records during two recent anoxic events shows that anoxia develops overnight in midsummer during periods of peak summertime temperatures after several days of cloudy, moderately calm weather. Similarly critical conditions existed most summers since 1975, yet anoxic events in the bay have not been reported historically. If climatic warming occurs, anoxic events in the bay may occur more frequently even if algal stocks remain unchanged. Eutrophication of Waquoit Bay is similar to many other embayments in populated coastal areas, and anoxic events may indicate a chronic growing problem in these important ecosystems. However, in shallow, stratified embayments, anoxia may be transient and easily missed without frequent monitoring.
Concurrent Management of a Central Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma

A method of management has been developed by which an intact dentition can be maintained during treatment of a central giant cell reparative granuloma of the jawbone. The lesion is surgically treated and endodontic therapy is administered to all involved teeth. Although it is frequently advised that the teeth adjacent to the pathologic condition be extracted, this case illustrates that there can be successful management of the condition without loss of permanent dentition.
From a Mouse to an Elephant: Ontario, Canada, Social Studies Teachers and Their Perspectives on United States Policies.

The key objective of this investigation was to uncover attitudes and pedagogical comparisons of a sampling of secondary social studies teachers in three schools in eastern Ontario, Canada. The researchers sought to gain insight into how historical and current United States (US) policies are addressed in the provincial curriculum. Moreover, teachers were interviewed to reveal how US and Canadian geographical, historic, economic and political issues are discussed in their classrooms. Broader implications for teachers in the United States and Canada are also considered. On the St. Lawrence River in eastern Ontario, Canada, just across the United States (US) border, lie communities that, although affected by globalization, remain fiercely committed to their historically loyalist and self-described conservative traditions. Although multinational decisions have either precipitated or brought about the closures of local factories and companies, denizens of the communities still proudly support and congregate at their local, Ontario-founded Tim Hortons coffee shops. For the uninitiated, Tim Horton was a professional hockey icon whose name is behind the formerly Canadian-owned chain of coffee, donut, and sandwich shops. In this setting, ten secondary social studies teachers in three secondary schools in two communities volunteered to be interviewed and informally observed. The researchers' main goal was to investigate the perceptions of these Ontario educators toward US international policies in a country that is geographically, economically and culturally linked with the United States. Despite the noted interrelationships, this study focuses on Ontario educators to illuminate salient distinctions. Phillips & Ochs (2004) assert that 'serious investigation of aspects of education in other countries seeks to identify what contributes to success in the hope that lessons might be learnt which could have implications for policy development in the "home" context' (p. 773). Crossley (2000) supports education as a 'field that has long been concerned with emancipatory themes and efforts to make a contribution to the improvement of education in practice' (p. 329). The following question led our research: What are Canadian teachers' perceptions of US international policies? Additionally, the following questions guided our research: 1. How much gravity is ascribed to the US international policies in classroom discussions? 2. How much open discourse exists in classrooms? 3. What, if any, ideological differences are evident in classrooms during their discussions that included US international policies? 4. How have discussions of US international policies changed with the new presidential administration? 5. Why should others, and particularly Americans, be informed of perspectives in eastern Ontario's social studies classrooms?
Kinetics of estradiol entry into uterine cells.

The mechanism by which 17β-estradiol (E2) enters uterine cells remains unclear; facilitated transport and passive diffusion have been proposed. These conflicting conclusions were drawn from experimental data obtained with intact uterine tissue, where the initial rates of estrogen uptake could not be accurately measured for a variety of reasons which will be discussed in this report. To clarify this issue, we have studied the kinetics of E2 entry into suspended uterine cells by measuring the initial rates of formation of the intracellular receptor-estradiol complex (R-E2), under conditions where the formation of cytoplasmic R-E2. and its nuclear translocation were not rate limiting. Thus, the initial rates of formation of R-E2 should be a function of the quantity of E2 which entered the cells. Data are presented demonstrating that at 37 C, E2 uptake is extremely rapid, with 20% of the intracellular receptor sites being saturated within the first 15–30 sec at extracellular E2 concentrations higher than 10 n...
Tumor invasion, proteolysis, and angiogenesis

In this review, some of the current literature on the regulation of proteolysis and angiogenesis during tumor invasion is discussed. Due to the critical location of brain tumors, an understanding of tumor cell interactions with the local environment is particularly relevant. Tissue breakdown during tumor invasion is associated with proteolytic activity, mediated by tumor cells, and surrounding host cells. This review covers two classes of proteinases and inhibitors that have commonly been associated with tumor invasion i.e., plasminogen activator (PA)/plasmin and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) with special emphasis on the MMP inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. At different steps of the metastatic process, tumor cells interact with endothelial cells. Tumor cells also stimulate the formation of new vessels through the expression of specific angiogenic molecules. At least eight angiogenic molecules have been purified, sequenced and cloned, four of which are discussed here. Regulation of angiogenic activity has been the focus of intense studies recently, and a wide range of synthetic and natural angiogenesis inhibitors have been discovered. Targeting of angiogenic molecules and tumor vasculature may prove useful in future cancer therapeutic strategies.
Prematriculation immunization requirements of American colleges and universities.

Abstract The authors surveyed a stratified sample of 880 colleges and universities in the United States to assess the status and characteristics of their prematriculation immunization requirements (PIRs). On the basis of a 90% return (796 responses), they estimated that 55% of US colleges and universities had implemented a PIR at the time of the survey. Among schools with PIRs, measles vaccine was almost universally required, with 74% requiring two doses, mumps vaccine was required by 70%, and rubella vaccine by 92%. Hepatitis B vaccine was rarely required and was usually recommended only for students in health-profession programs. The strongest determinant of having a PIR was the presence of a state law or regents' policy. PIRs implemented under the aegis of a state law were, on average, less comprehensive but better enforced. Other factors associated with the implementation of a PIR included membership in the American College Health Association (ACHA), the presence of a student health clinic, and availa...
Calreticulin mediates immune recognition of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vivo

Meeting abstracts Calreticulin (CRT) is a chaperone protein which normally resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, recent studies have demonstrated that pre-apoptotic cancer cells release internalized CRT to their surface prior to death, and this surface exposure of CRT acts as an ‘
Structural Probes Of Reactive Intermediates Of Dehaloperoxidase From Amphitrite ornata

The enzyme dehaloperoxidase (DHP) from the marine worm Amphitrite ornata is a unique hemoglobin that functions as a peroxidase, capable of converting 2,4,6-trihalo- phenols (TBP, TCP, and TFP) into the corresponding 2,6-dihalogenated quinones as well as other products. In this overview talk we discuss the structure and function of DHP using X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to discuss the large differences between DHP function and hemoglobin function despite the strong structural similarities. The position of halogenated phenols inside the distal pocket is one anomalous feature of DHP that is not observed any other hemoglobin or myoglobin. The X-ray crystal structure of DHP reveals that the distal histidine is flexible and has two major conformations. The closed conformation (named by analogy with Sperm Whale myoglobin) is enforced by the binding of a sixth ligand to the heme iron. In the open conformation, observed in the deoxy DHP X-ray crystal structure, the distal histidine is in a solvent exposed conformation. The role of the histidine in coupling the binding of substrate and inhibitors will be discussed in the context of the mechanism for formation of compound I, compound II and a novel intermediate called compound RH that appears to be crucial to the cycling of DHP between hemoglobin and peroxidase function. The NMR data reveal that there are both interior and exterior binding sites for the substrate. This aspect will be discussed along with evidence from optical and EPR spectroscopy to understand the electron transfer kinetics of DHP.
Counterfactual Reasoning: resolving inconsistency before your eyes

Belief revision has invariably been studied with abstract relationships using paper-and-pencil tasks. The present study asks whether people employ the same procedures in revising their beliefs when they concern concrete situations rather than arbitrary, abstract ones. Students listened to a narrative and then verified that selected statements from it were true and consistent. They then needed to revise their beliefs as a result of confronting a belief-contravening assumption that they had to accept as true even though it was false of the narrative. There are two main findings. First, when the artificial beliefs were part of an integrated, narrative structure, participants treated them as they do natural semantic categories and not as arbitrary relations. Second, when reasoning about concrete situations in front of them, reasoners readily changed the properties of the objects in order to retain the belief structure of the narrative. This suggests that college students act as if they were Platonists who view the observable world as fallible reflections of the idealized world.
Competition in banking and the lending channel: Evidence from bank-level data in Asia and Latin America

Abstract This paper examines how banking competition affects the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel. We apply a two-step estimation procedure using bank-level panel data for commercial banks in 10 Asian and 10 Latin American countries during the period from 1996 to 2006. In the first step we measure the degree of banking competition by applying the methodology proposed by Panzar and Rosse (1987) . In the second step we estimate a loan growth equation where the explanatory variables include the Panzar–Rosse measure of banking competition. The estimation results provide consistent evidence that increased competition in the banking sector weakens the transmission of monetary policy through the bank lending channel. This is especially true for banks in Latin American countries and banks of small size, low liquidity, and low capitalization. We also discuss the policy implications of the main findings of this paper.