cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of work and nonwork boundary fit on role satisfaction and subjective well-being

Employees manage work and nonwork boundaries, or socially constructed lines of demarcation, in different ways due to their preferences and ability to do so. When an individual's integration-segmentation boundary enactment matches their boundary preference, they possess greater boundary fit. We examined the impact of work and nonwork boundary fit on subjective well-being, mediated by work and nonwork satisfaction. Results from a three-wave study confirmed positive direct effects for work/nonwork boundary fit on role satisfaction and role satisfaction on subjective well-being. We also found significant mediation effects for role satisfaction between work/nonwork boundary fit and subjective well-being. Overall, work boundary fit had stronger direct and indirect effects than nonwork boundary fit. This research helps clarify theoretical distinctions among work-nonwork fit constructs and extends the boundary fit literature through an atomistic fit perspective. Future research could consider examining boundary fit through cross-lagged panel designs and response surface modelling, as well as extending our model to examine nuanced aspects of boundary fit (e.g., physical, temporal, cognitive) and its relationship with additional outcomes (e.g., performance, burnout) and contextual factors (e.g., part-time vs. full-time employment, frontline vs. office-based employment).
Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Abstract For over 70 years, interbody lumbar fusions have evolved from modifications to discectomy procedures to more advanced techniques such as the posterolateral interbody fusion (PLIF) and ultimately the transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). The advent of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques provided advantages of decreased soft tissue dissection, lower blood loss, and decreased post-operative pain. 9 Recently, further developments have lead to the introduction of endoscopic techniques with an awake anesthesia protocol that has shown improved results over the standard MIS TLIF. 12. , 13. , 14. , 20 , 31 While the standard MIS TLIF has now become commonplace, endoscopic MIS TLIF will also see widespread adoption over time.
The impact of delayed surgical treatment of suspected stage I ovarian cancer: lessons for a pandemic

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and other medical societies provided guidelines about acceptable delays in oncologic treatments for patients with a suspected malignancy. The objective of this study was to characterize the association between timing of treatment and survival and to evaluate how extended delays to guideline-concordant treatment for suspected stage I high grade serous ovarian cancer might impact survival. Methods: Using the National Cancer Data Base (2004-2015), patients surgically treated for clinical stage I high grade serous ovarian cancer were identified. Patients receiving surgery within 14 days of diagnosis were compared to those receiving surgery 2-4 months after diagnosis. The groups were propensity matched with 2:1 matching to balance baseline characteristics. Survival outcomes of the two cohorts were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: During the study period, 10,957 patients underwent guideline-concordant surgery for stage I high-grade serous ovarian cancer within 14 days of diagnosis (early) and 171 patients underwent surgery 2-4 months following diagnosis (delayed). Between patients in the early versus delayed treatment groups, the delayed group was more likely to be Black (5.3% vs 11.8%, p=0.003) and have a smaller tumor size (8.0 vs. 6.2 cm, p Download : Download high-res image (81KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: In this national analysis, extended delay of treatment for stage I high grade serous ovarian cancer was associated with similar survival outcomes when compared to timely treatment in pre-match and post-match cohorts. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, where hospital resources may be limited, delays in surgery are concerning and prompt oncologic treatment is preferred; however, at least based on these retrospective data, delays in surgery for presumed stage I ovarian cancer may not be associated with significantly worse survival.
Proportioning a "Canard" Airplane for Longitudinal Stability and Safety Against Stall

The conditions for static longitudinal stability and controllability and for safety against stall of a canard-type airplane are investigated. I t is found that the designer's freedom of initiative in proportioning a canard is restricted in very definite ways. The fact that some of these restrictions have probably not been entirely known may serve to explain some of the failures of the past. The rules that must be followed in order to secure longitudinal stability and controllability and safety against stall are determined for both the conditions of power-off and power-on, whether the high-lift devices are operating or not. High-lift devices on the tail only, as they have been used in two recent canards, are found to be dangerous, unless the range of the allowable e.g. locations is greatly reduced. The use of tail highlift devices when the wing is equipped with flaps is recommended, but it is found that the wing and tail high-lift devices must be operated in conjunction with each other and under a single control. The relation that must exist between their deflections is established. The procedures for the selection or determination of the airfoil section, aspect ratio and area of the tail surface, tail length and angle of setting of the stabilizer are indicated. I t is felt that the tail-first airplane still deserves the earnest attention of designers.
The Role of Technology in the 21st Century Art Room

How are art teachers today utilizing computer technology in the classroom and what role do they feel it should serve in art education? The purpose of this study was to explore how elementary art educators in North Carolina schools are integrating computer technology into instructional delivery. The answers to these questions may provide art educators with more effective strategies for infusing computer technology into future classroom instruction.Â Â A total of eighty-six survey responses provided by elementary art teachers in the state of North Carolina comprised the data sample for this study. The study participants teach grades kindergarten through fifth in elementary schools across the state. The measuring instrument used to gather and tabulate data was the statistical software program Qualtrics. Surveys were made available to art teachers through online art education venues and emails. The data was analyzed and presented in graph and chart form in this thesis.Â Â It was hypothesized that as art teachers gain greater access to classroom based computer technologies they will both use those technologies more frequently and develop more favorable attitudes regarding computer technology usage in the classroom. The data did support the hypothesis. Results showed that greater access to computer technology correlates with increased technology integration and teachers having more favorable beliefs about technology usage in the classroom. Surveys demonstrated art teachers are frequently using computer technologies in their classrooms and many view computer technology favorably.Â Â The study outcomes give art teachers insight into how other art teachers are using computer technology in their classrooms and what types of use are most successful. Art teachers may have fewer opportunities for collaboration with one another since most schools only have one art teacher. This study offers art teachers the opportunity to see how other art educators are incorporating computer technologies in the classroom. This valuable insight into what types of computer technology usage are perceived as most useful can help others who may be uncertain how to incorporate computer technology in the classroom with useful integration strategies.Â Â
Effect of superrefraction on inversions of radio occultation signals in the lower troposphere

[1] Radio occultation remote sensing of the Earth's atmosphere by use of GPS encounters problems in the moist lower troposphere (planetary boundary layer). The negative errors in retrieved refractivity (bias) may not be explained by the horizontal inhomogeneity in refractivity. In part, these errors can be attributed to the use of signal tracking algorithms inappropriate for the complicated structure of radio occultation signals propagated through the moist troposphere. However, another fraction of the negative bias in retrieved refractivity can be related to the superrefraction. In this study we introduce the problem and give an estimate of the negative refractivity errors in the moist planetary boundary layer, which in some cases can be as large as ∼10%. We show that the magnitude of these errors significantly varies over oceanic areas. We validate the canonical transform method by use of the radio occultation signals simulated for complicated refractivity structures, including multiple superrefraction layers and small-scale irregularities. We find that this method does not introduce errors additional to those existing in geometric optics. Also, we discuss and estimate an additional error source when inverting occultation signals by radioholographic methods: insufficient extension of the acquired signal, which can contribute to about 1% error of the retrieved refractivity.
CCD Data Taking Modes and Flatfielding Problems

We briefly review some problems in the flatfielding of CCD images, in the context of three data-taking modes: stare, short scan, and drift scan. The principal sources of flatfielding imperfections are: (1) mismatch in the spectra of the astronomical sources of interest and the flatfleld illumination; (2) a variety of low-level additive errors; and (3) nonlinearities of the CCD response. Residual flatfielding errors are probably the limiting factor in high-precision astronomical photometry. Flatfielding accuracies of the order of 1 – 2% per pixel are commonly achieved; with some effort, accuracies of ~ 0.1% can be reached; higher accuracies require a substantial effort, or improvements in the quality of CCD chips. In general, scanning data taking modes outperform the “standard” stare mode.
Physics Education in a Virtual Environment

A study is directed at a comparison of Virtual Reality as an educational tool in physics instruction with standard, teacher-organized, or computer-aided learning. Findings generally indicated that ...
Critical Aspects in Analysis of Cellular DNA Content

This unit covers general aspects of DNA content analysis and provides introductory or complementary information to the specific protocols of DNA content assessment in this chapter. It describes principles of DNA content analysis and outlines difficulties and pitfalls common to these methods. It also reviews methods of DNA staining in live, permeabilized, and fixed cells, and in cell nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues, as well as the approaches to stain DNA concurrently with cell immunophenotype. This unit addresses factors affecting accuracy of DNA measurement, such as chromatin features restricting accessibility of fluorochromes to DNA, stoichiometry of interaction with DNA, and "mass action law" characterizing binding to DNA in relation to unbound fluorochrome concentration. It also describes controls to ensure accuracy and quality control of DNA content determination and principles of DNA ploidy assessment. Because many aspects of DNA content analysis are common to protocols in UNITS 7.3, 7.6, 7.16, 7.20, 7.23, & 7.25, certain parts of this unit provide information redundant with commentaries in these units.
Assay for lignin breakdown based on lignin films: insights into the Fenton reaction with insoluble lignin

We report a new assay for breakdown of high molecular weight, insoluble lignin based on lignin films. In this method, decrease in film thickness is detected upon solubilization of mass through either chemical alteration of the lignin or molecular weight reduction. The assay was performed with organosolv lignin, the only chemical modification being an oxidative pretreatment to provide film stability with respect to dissolution. The assay is sensitive to release of as little as 20 A of material from the film. A multiplexed format was developed using a silicone block in the form of a standard 96-well plate, allowing simultaneous assaying of a large number of reaction conditions. The assay was demonstrated using the Fenton reaction, revealing new insights into the physicochemical aspects of this reaction system with insoluble lignin. In particular, mass solubilized from the film was found to pass through a maximum as a function of the initial concentration of FeCl2 ([FeCl2]o), with the maximum occurring at [FeCl2]o = 1 mM for [H2O2]o = 5%. At that condition, solubilization of mass occurs in two stages. The reaction produces mostly ring-opened products of mass greater than 700 g mol−1, along with a minority of low molecular weight aromatics. The new insight from this work is an important step toward optimizing this complex reaction system for effective lignin breakdown.
Impact of Dose-Modified Protocols on Radiation Doses in Patients Undergoing CT Examinations following Image-Guided Catheter Placement.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the impact of dose-modified (DM) scan protocols on decreasing radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT) scans obtained following image-guided catheter procedures. Materials and Methods In this retrospective analysis, between December 2012 and June 2014, 192 patients (mean age, 60.7 y; 102 men) who underwent abdomen/pelvis CT examinations for catheter placement follow-up were included. The standard-dose (SD) baseline CT parameters included tube potential of 120 kVp, tube current of 75–550 mA, and noise index (NI) of 18–22. Weight-based scan parameters applied for follow-up CT were based on two reconstruction algorithms: filtered back projection (FBP; 120 kVp, 75–350 mA, NI=30) and iterative reconstruction technique (IRT; 100/120 kVp, 75–250/350 mA, NI=35). Two readers reviewed image quality (IQ) of follow-up and baseline CT examinations for 22 randomly sampled patients. Radiation doses were retrieved by dose monitoring software. Results Compared with baseline, DM follow-up CT protocols enabled substantial (62.4%) dose reductions (mean CT dose indexes: 4.1 mGy at follow-up, 10.9 mGy at baseline; P P P P Conclusions DM CT examinations enable substantial dose reduction (62.4%) for each follow-up examination compared with SD baseline scans, without any IQ concerns. Use of IRT decreases dose by an additional 22%. The CRD is lowered by 42% in patients undergoing multiple DM follow-up CT examinations.
Desorption of Arsenic Species during the Surfactant Enhanced Growth of Ge on Si(100)

The desorption and scattering of As4 and As2 species from the surface during the growth of germanium films on Si(100) with continuous As4 deposition is monitored using laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A significant increase in the flux of As2 from the surface is observed when the Ge flux is admitted to the surface. Upon discontinuation of the germanium growth process, the As4 and As2 signal levels remain at this increased level. A comprehensive study of the desorption fluxes of As4, As2, and As species from both Ge(100) and Si(100) substrates was performed as a function of substrate temperature and incident As4 flux to determine the kinetics of desorption of the different species from the substrates. The behavior of the As2 desorbed fluxes as a function of surface temperature is qualitatively different on the Ge(100) and Si(100) substrates. The results indicate that the catalytic cracking of As4 to As2 is more effective on Ge(100) compared to Si(100) at substrate temperatures between 800...
A toxicity study of parenteral thiamine hydrochloride

Thiamine deficiency is not uncommon in certain populations and clinical disease states such as Wernicke's encephalopathy or beriberi. Rapid parenteral repletion may be required, yet questions about the safety of IV thiamine have been raised because of reports of anaphylaxis. Our study was a prospective evaluation of the safety of thiamine hydrochloride given as a 100-mg IV bolus in 989 consecutive patients (1,070 doses). A total of 12 adverse reactions (1.1%) were reported. Minor reactions consisting of transient local irritation were seen in 11 patients (1.02%), and there was only one major reaction (0.093%) consisting of generalized pruritus. Thiamine hydrochloride may be administered intravenously without undue concern. Intradermal test doses before administration are not warranted unless patients have had previous allergic reactions.
Native speaker vs. L2 learner grammaticality judgements

Although many SLA syntax studies have used non-native speaker (NNS) grammaticality judgements, what underlies NNS grammaticality judgements has recently come under increasing scrutiny. Some researchers (Ellis 1991, Goss et al. 1994), using speak-aloud protocols and oral group work, have presented evidence that indicates NNSs use very different strategies in making decisions about the grammaticality of particular sentences than do native speakers (NSs) of the same language. NNSs' use of strategies such as guessing, operationalizing learned rules, translation, and analogy calls into question whether or not their grammaticality judgements are a reliable indicator of their operational grammar. However, heretofore oral protocol data have not been available for NS grammaticality judgements. In this paper we report on an experiment comparing group oral protocols of native English-speaking subjects enrolled in a 4th semester college French course making grammaticality judgements in English and French. Results indicate that the subjects do not necessarily use the same strategies in rendering grammaticality judgements in L1 and L2, thereby casting doubt on theoretical claims based on data elicited through L2 grammaticality judgements.
The Relational Contexts of Migration: Mexican Women in New Destination Sites†

This article assesses Mexican immigrant women's experiences of isolation and autonomy in three new destination sites in Montana, Ohio, and New Jersey. We highlight six case studies from our cross-comparative data set of in-depth interviews and field work with 98 women to illustrate the intersections between contexts of reception and gender relations in shaping women's settlement experiences. We find that women in sites with a concentrated Mexican population and a well-developed social service infrastructure are relatively autonomous in accomplishing daily activities independent of their relationships with husbands or partners. In contrast, for women living in sites with few social support services, relationships with the men in their lives, what we call their “relational contexts,” matter for women's experiences of isolation or autonomy outside the home. Relational contexts have not been emphasized in previous literature on gender and migration but may be significant in shaping women's experiences across varying contexts of reception.
Internal Stresses in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Rolling/Sliding Contacts

Contraintes internes dans le cas de la lubrification elastohydrodynamique d'un contact roulant glissant
Making teachers from students: How learning environments may foster an interest in teaching

This paper presents an exploratory case study of the interest and participation in teaching, teaching related activities, and research on education among students and alumni at Celadon College, a small engineering school focused on education reform. Prompted by a lack of qualified STEM educators in the United States, this study investigates how to increase interest in education as a career path among STEM undergraduates. A mixed methods analysis of survey responses from 231 students and alumni reveals that, compared to the national average among engineering graduates, subjects at Celadon College are more than twice as likely to indicate interest in becoming K-12 teachers. Analysis indicates that two major factors influence students' position towards teaching and the desire to teach: the development of pedagogical awareness and participation in informal peer teaching. Our analysis suggests a link between institutional academic and non-academic cultures and students' interest in K-12 teaching. We conclude by sharing a set of questions for further investigation and discussion with engineering education community.
Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning endocrine cells, as evidenced by a significant increase in circulating human C-peptide following glucose stimulation 1-9 . However in vitro, genesis of insulin producing cells from human fetal ICCs is low 10 ; results reminiscent of recent experiments performed with human embryonic stem cells (hESC), a renewable source of cells that hold great promise as a potential therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. Like ICCs, transplantation of partially differentiated hESC generate glucose responsive, insulin producing cells, but in vitro genesis of insulin producing cells from hESC is much less robust 11-17 . A complete understanding of the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of endocrine precursor cells will likely require data generated from both ICCs and hESC. While a number of protocols exist to generate insulin producing cells from hESC in vitro 11-22 , far fewer exist for ICCs 10,23,24 . Part of that discrepancy likely comes from the difficulty of working with human fetal pancreas. Towards that end, we have continued to build upon existing methods to isolate fetal islets from human pancreases with gestational ages ranging from 12 to 23 weeks, grow the cells as a monolayer or in suspension, and image for cell proliferation, pancreatic markers and human hormones including glucagon and C-peptide. ICCs generated by the protocol described below result in C-peptide release after transplantation under the kidney capsule of nude mice that are similar to C-peptide levels obtained by transplantation of fresh tissue 6 . Although the examples presented here focus upon the pancreatic endoderm proliferation and β cell genesis, the protocol can be employed to study other aspects of pancreatic development, including exocrine, ductal, and other hormone producing cells.
Introduction Youth Activism as a Context for Learning and Development

Recent studies have documented the potential of youth activism for influencing political change toward socially just ends. This special issue builds on such research by focusing on youth activism as a context for learning and development. What kinds of learning opportunities are generated through working on social action campaigns? How do adults support youth's participation in ways that foster youth engagement and leadership? In addition to previewing the articles in this issue, this introduction proposes and describes four distinctive qualities of learning environments in youth activism groups: collective problem solving, youth—adult interaction, exploration of alternative frames for identity, and bridges to academic and civic institutions. It concludes by highlighting directions for future research.
Control over acid mucopolysaccharide production of cells in vitro.

Abstract • Serum addition to stationary chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro causes a 300% increase in acid mucopolysaccharide production, this increase being linear both with time and concentration of serum added. At the same time, serum-stimulated production is reduced in cells which are actively dividing. The increase in acid mucopolysaccharide production caused by serum is in some manner dependent upon RNA synthesis, since the addition of actinomycin D reduces its effect by 50% within 4 h. A correlation between acid mucopolysaccharide production and chondroitin sulphotransferase activity (EC 2.8 2.5, 3'-phosphoadenyl 5'-phosphosulphate: chondroitin sulphotransferase) is seen. Both increase to over 400% of control values 24 h after serum addition, and both are sensitive to the presence of actinomycin D. • Serum control over production of these extracellular molecules is demonstrated and may be linked to the mitotic activity of the cell. It is proposed that this control by serum over acid mucopolysaccharide production can provide one mechanism for the cell to alter its external environment and thus affect events such as cell to cell interactions and hormonal signals necessary to cellular functions.
Abnormal rate of granule cell migration in the cerebellum of "Weaver" mutant mice.

Abstract “Weaver,” a neurological disorder in mice is transmitted by an incompletely dominant gene. Both the heterozygous carrier and homozygous weaver mice show alterations in the cytoarchitectonics of the cerebellum. However, no behavioral abnormalities of cerebellar disorder can be detected in the heterozygous carrier. Studies with autoradiography showed that the alterations in the cytoarchitectonics of both the heterozygous carrier and homozygous weaver cerebellums are associated with a reduced rate of granule cell migration.
National appliance energy conservation act: Analysis of product changes and the impacts on housing

Summary NAECA was enacted in 1987 and amended in 1988. Minimum efficiency standards have been established for air conditioners, heat pumps, dishwashers, clothes washers and dryers, furnaces, refrigerators and freezers, water heaters, and gas direct heaters. The DOE has not established minimum efficiency standards for televisions, microwave ovens, ranges and ovens. Appliance manufacturers have reduced energy consumption using improved insulation, more efficient motors, electronic controls, efficient compressors, and non‐continuous burning pilots. Energy efficient appliances can prevent pollution by reducing the demand for electricity. From 1990 to 2015, the cumulative energy impact of the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 is estimated to be an 0.8 percent savings of all fuels. However, energy efficient residential appliances are only one factor in the total energy consumption equation.
An examination of the intraday behavior of the yen/dollar exchange rate: The relationship between trading activity and returns volatility

This paper provides additional empirical evidence of the relationship between the volatility of returns and trading activity in foreign exchange markets. Five-minute yen/dollar returns exhibit significant skewness, kurtosis, negative first-order autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity. Market activity (as measured by the intensity of quote arrivals) has a positive and statistically significant effect on conditional returns volatility. Such evidence is consistent with predictions of mixture of distrubutions models.
A global study of Kondepudi’s pitchfork

This model reaction, studied so effectively by Kondepudi and his co-workers, is transferred here to a stirred tank. It is shown that, though the rate constants for the two pathways are identical, the stable steady state can still be one in which one or the other pathway is favoured enormously.
Theoretical analysis of the weight-length relationship in fish juveniles

The weight-length relationship in fish juveniles was investigated theoretically, to assess the significance of the allometric factor and the validity of the condition factor; these biological factors often remain undetermined, because most fishery studies have been conducted for commercial-sized and/or adult populations. The exponent b (allometric factor) seemed to be the main parameter, performing a key role in the equation W=aL b , where W=weight, a is a constant and L=length. The parameters a (condition factor) and K (ponderal index; K=103 W/L 3) were judged to be less important in comparative studies, since these parameters were closely correlated with b. It is recommended that the assumed theoretical value of b=3 not be used in applied ichthyological surveys, since this value was rarely obtained in the studies, and since a much wider range is usually seen. These analyses led to a new working hypothesis — not yet verified — which opens a new approach to understanding the biological significance of the allometric factor. This approach involves the fractal theory (where b may be considered as a fractal dimension equivalent) linked to the theory of saltatory ontogeny [where b is a threshold characteristic in the (early) life history of fishes].
L’Arche: The Phenomenology of Christian Counterculturalism

L’Arche is a worldwide network of more than 100 communities designed as places of refuge for people with developmental disabilities. More than just another group home for those with mental challenges, L’Arche sees itself as a counter cultural witness in the midst of secular, materialistic modern society. Grounded in Christian principles but explicitly multicultural and interfaith in operation, L’Arche attempts to demonstrate the possibility of living by alternative values. This article, an exercise in phenomenological inquiry, identifies the philosophical basis for the counter cultural claims of L’Arche and then presents a descriptive analysis of how the L’Arche communities go about putting those claims into action. Modifications in the standard methodology of phenomenological analysis suitable for application to a group such as L’Arche are discussed.
The implementation of a proseminar course to lead change in the MS.MBA biotechnology programme at Johns Hopkins University

Complications arose in a new dual MS.MBA Biotechnology Programme at Johns Hopkins University when two separate schools and degree programmes joined together to create a joint degree. Students and administrators struggled to create a seamless programme that was hindered by administrative difficulties in registration, but also by students who often did not fully understand the complexities and the interrelationships between the various segments within the biotechnology industry. A new course was created and taught by a co-director of the programme. The course was intended to help alleviate some of the struggles students were experiencing regarding the technical aspects of the programme, and to introduce them to the interconnectedness of various industry components. Students were able to network with industry leaders and learn critical thinking skills necessary to become leaders in the industry.
Homelessness and Risk of End-stage Renal Disease

To identify homeless people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who were at highest risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), we studied 982 homeless and 15,674 domiciled people with CKD receiving public health care. We developed four risk prediction models for the primary outcome of ESRD. Overall, 71 homeless and 888 domiciled people progressed to ESRD during follow-up (median: 6.6 years). Homeless people with CKD experienced significantly higher incidence rates of ESRD than poor but domiciled peers. Most homeless people who developed progressive CKD were readily identifiable well before ESRD using a prediction model with five common variables. We estimated that program following homeless people in the highest decile of ESRD risk would have captured 64-85% of those who eventually progressed to ESRD within five years. Thus, an approach targeting homeless people at high risk for ESRD appears feasible and could reduce substantial morbidity and costs incurred by this highly vulnerable group.
KIM ON MENTAL CAUSATION AND CAUSAL EXCLUSION

For three decades Jaegwon Kim has articulated and defended the view that mental properties are distinct from physical properties, are supervenient on physical properties, and are causal properties figuring in supervenient causation. But he has increasingly come under the influence of a problem, the causal exclusion problem, which threatens to undermine any kind of psychophysical property dualism, thus leaving type-type identity as the only viable form of realism about the mind. In this paper I will focus on the increasingly central role of the causal exclusion problem in Kim's philosophical work.' I will argue that if we seek to accommodate causal-exclusionary considerations, as he does-rather than firmly repudiating them as mistaken-then we are inevitably driven toward a psychophysical type/type identity theory. This is where Kim's intellectual trajectory is leading him, although he has not yet embraced the view. The appropriate form of the identity theory is one that also accommodates species-relative multiple realization-despite the fact that multiple-realization considerations are commonly thought to undermine type-type psychophysical identities altogether. Ironically, the relevant version of the identity theory is not new at all; in its essentials, it is the position of D.M. Armstrong (1968, 1970, 1977) and David Lewis (1966, 1972), as amended in an important and insufficiently appreciated way in Lewis (1980). Although I will suggest that the Armstrong/Lewis version of the psychophysical identity theory is the position that Kim himself should adopt, given his own philosophical attitude toward the problem of causal exclusion, I do not believe it is the right view. I favor a version of nonreductive materialism that (i) asserts that mental properties can be physically multiply realizable not just across different species but within creatures of the same species, (ii) repudiates psychophysical type-type identities, and (iii) maintains that causal-exclusionary reasoning is mistaken. In the final section I will briefly explain my own position on the matter of causal exclusion.
Network module detection: Affinity search technique with the multi-node topological overlap measure.

Many clustering procedures only allow the user to input a pairwise dissimilarity or distance measure between objects. We propose a clustering method that can input a multi-point dissimilarity measure d(i1, i2, ..., iP) where the number of points P can be larger than 2. The work is motivated by gene network analysis where clusters correspond to modules of highly interconnected nodes. Here, we define modules as clusters of network nodes with high multi-node topological overlap. The topological overlap measure is a robust measure of interconnectedness which is based on shared network neighbors. In previous work, we have shown that the multi-node topological overlap measure yields biologically meaningful results when used as input of network neighborhood analysis. We adapt network neighborhood analysis for the use of module detection. We propose the Module Affinity Search Technique (MAST), which is a generalized version of the Cluster Affinity Search Technique (CAST). MAST can accommodate a multi-node dissimilarity measure. Clusters grow around user-defined or automatically chosen seeds (e.g. hub nodes). We propose both local and global cluster growth stopping rules. We use several simulations and a gene co-expression network application to argue that the MAST approach leads to biologically meaningful results. We compare MAST with hierarchical clustering and partitioning around medoid clustering. Our flexible module detection method is implemented in the MTOM software which can be downloaded from the following webpage: http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/labs/horvath/MTOM/
The mass spectra of polychlorinated ferrocenes

A mass spectrometric examination of five homoannularly chlorinated ferrocenes of the general formula (C5H(5−n))Fe(C5H5) where n = 1 to 5 (Series 1), and five heteroannularly chlorinated ferrocenes of the general formula (C5H(5−n)Cln)2Fe where n = 1 to 5 (Series 2) has been made. This study affords the first look at the mass spectral results of incremental additions of the same substituent up to the ultimate replacement of all hydrogens in the ferrocene molecule. The molecular ion is the most intense peak in both series. The primary fragmentation processes are, for Series 1: [M – FeCl2], [M – C5H(5−n)Cln], [M – C5H5] and [M – HCl]; and for series 2: [M – FeCl2] and [M – C5H(5−n)Cln]. The [M – FeCl2]+. peak is speculatively attributed to a fulvalene derivative. A heteroannular pathway is proposed for HCl elimination. Significant [Fe]+. and [FeCl]+ peaks occur in all compounds. In all compounds having three or more hydrogens on one ring, a peak due to [C3H3]+ is seen. Metastable studies, precise mass measurements and isotopic abundance ratios of chlorine were used to confirm many of the fragmentation processes.
Report of the secretary to the eighteenth annual meeting of the section of terrestrial magnetism and electricity

There were no special meetings of the Section during the year. The minutes of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting were sent to all members. No corrections or additions were received. The Edinburgh meeting of the International Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity was noteworthy because of its distinctly international aspect. Sixty-five delegates and guests represented 17 countries at the eight meetings of the Association. There were 20 reports for national committees and over 60 communications, the majority of which concerned researches requiring international coordination and cooperation. The Hydrographer of the British Admiralty announced that the plans of the non-magnetic vessel Research to resume the magnetic and electric surveys of the oceans originally carried on by the Carnegie had been completed and that in this effective assistance had been received from W. J. Peters of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, as also in the design and plans for necessary instruments. He further advised that the contract for the construction of the vessel had been let. Mr. Peters returned from England in September, 1936, after having been consultant there for a year in this work.
Psychoacoustic active noise control with ITU-R 468 noise weighting and its sound quality analysis

Non-uniform frequency response of human hearing system requires conventional active noise control (ANC) system to be modified. Psychoacoustic active noise control (PANC) system based on filtered-E least-mean-square (FELMS) structure aims to improve the noise attenuation performance in terms of hearing perception. ITU-R 468 noise weighting reflects human hearing response to random noise. In this paper we incorporate ITU-R 468 noise weighting into PANC system. Sound quality analysis is conducted for attenuated noise with a predictive pleasantness model which combines four psychoacoustic parameters (loudness, sharpness, roughness and tonality). Simulation on realistic MRI acoustic noise shows improvement of sound quality in the new system.
The determination of phenol and kinetic studies on the monobromination of phenol by a pulse coulometric technique

Abstract A method for the coulometric determination of phenol is described in which constant current pulses are used to electrogenerate bromine and a current recorder is used to follow the bromination reaction of phenol. Solutions containing 10-4 to 7.10-6M phenol are determined with a precision of 1 %. A general method for determining the kinetics of bromination reactions is postulated and used for the determination of the rate constant of the monobromination of phenol. The rate constant for the reaction in which the reacting species are the neutral phenol molecule and the bromine molecule, was found to be 1.6.1051/mole sec.
Predicting grassland community changes with an artificial neural network model

Abstract Artificial neural networks are parallel processing systems with the ability to learn by example and generalize from inferred patterns. In this application, a neural network model of the feedforward, backpropagation type is designed to predict future community composition from knowledge of present climatic factors and species cover. Training and testing data are drawn from a 30-year record of the environmental and vegetative variables of a grassland community. The resulting trained network is capable of forecasting accurately up to 4 years into the future. The results indicate a potential usefulness of neural network technology for non-mechanistic modeling in ecological research and management.
A Simple Equation Region Detector for Printed Document Images in Tesseract

Detecting equation regions from scanned books has received attention in the document image research community in the past few years. Compared with regular text blocks, equation regions have more complicated layouts so we can not simply use text lines to model them. On the other hand, these regions consist of text symbols that can be reflowed, so that the OCR engines should parse them instead of rasterizing them like image regions. In this paper, we present an equation detector with two major contributions: (i) it is built on a simple algorithm that uses the density of special symbols, such that no additional classifier is required, (ii) it has been built into the open source Tesseract that can be accessed and used by the OCR community. The algorithm is tested on the Google Books database with 1534 entries sampled from books/magazines/newspapers of over thirty languages. And we show that Tesseract performance is improved after enabling the detector.
Emotional Rehabilitation of the Physical Rehabilitation Patient

Emphasis on the process and content of the emotional aspects of rehabilitation are presented as a process interwoven with a patient's physical rehabilitation. The impact of trauma and subsequent re...
What is several complex variables

expositor. Gail's excellence as a teacher at all levels is a corollary to a remarkable intellectual breadth and depth coupled with a rare sensitivity to the needs of his students. He has had nineteen Ph.D. students. The simple truth is that everything Gail has done-and he has done enormously much-has been well-done, useful, and important. Our final word should be this: Gail, though now retired, is still an active member of our community and our profession-long may it be so, for we need him for his wisdom and we enjoy him for himself.
Effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on the osseous system in normal rats

IN 1937, MOON reported that the body weight gain of young castrate rats was retarded by the injection of anterior pituitary extracts rich in the adrenocorticotropic factor. There is now conclusive evidence from the injection of the pure hormone (Evans, Li and Simp-son, 1943) that the stunting produced by the cruder extracts was due to this hormone. The present paper reports the characteristic effects of this hormone on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the epiphyseal region of the tibia. Twelve male rats 26 days of age were injected intraperitoneally with pure adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for thirty days thrice daily, the total daily dose being 1 mg. A corresponding number of rats was used as controls. In half the experimental and half the control rats, food consumption was measured. As will be seen in Table 1, the injected rats gained only half as much in body weight as the controls during the experimental period (80 gm. compared with 154 gm.).
NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from human placenta: Partial purification and characterization of the enzyme and identification of an inhibitor in placental tissue of an inhibitor in placental tissue

Abstract An NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase has been identified in human placental tissue and partially purified. Prostaglandins of the A and B series are good substrates for this enzyme while those of the E and F series are not. This enzymic preparation also catalyzes oxido-reductions at the 9 position of the prostaglandin molecule; these are slow compared to those occurring at the 15 position of the prostaglandins in the A and B series. Disc gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme reveals the presence of three protein bands which contain dehydrogenase activity. Boiled placental homogenates contain an inhibitor which appears to be specific for the NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. The inhibitor is heat stable and has a molecular weight of 6,000 – 7,000.
The effect of rabeprazole on regional gastric acidity and the postprandial cardia/gastro-oesophageal junction acid layer in normal subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Summary Background : Postprandial intragastric acidity is not uniform. Postprandial proximal gastric acid pockets have been described in the present study. Aim : To determine the effects of rabeprazole on regional intragastric acidity and proximal acid pockets. Methods : Ten normal subjects underwent two 8-day oral dosing regimens with placebo or rabeprazole 20 mg each morning in a randomized, double-blind protocol. Oesophago-gastric pH monitoring was performed on days 1 and 8. Results : Rabeprazole increased fasting and postprandial gastric pH to above 4 in each area of the stomach on days 1 and 8. With placebo, acid pockets were identified at the cardia/gastro-oesophageal junction in 62 and 50 of 150 pull-throughs on days 1 and 8, respectively. Acid pockets were detected postprandially 3.1 ± 0.2–5.8 ± 0.1 cm below the proximal border of the lower oesophageal sphincter with a mean pH drop from 4.6 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.1. Rabeprazole decreased the number of acid pockets to 30 and 27 on days 1 and 8, respectively. Rabeprazole also decreased their length and magnitude of the pH drop. Conclusions : Rabeprazole increased intragastric pH on day 1 and 8 and maintained an elevated pH during and after meals. Postprandial acid pockets, identified in the region of the cardia/gastro-oesophageal junction area postprandially, were decreased in number, length and magnitude by rabeprazole.
Low-cost fluorescence-based temperature sensing system for neonatal care

A remotely-measured fluorescence-based temperature measurement system designed for neonatal care is built and presented using a low-cost, off-the-shelf camera-phone image sensor. The fluorophore-based sensor salve removes the need of attaching thermistor probes using adhesives to the neonate's skin; and therefore reduces the risk of epidermal stripping, microbial infections, etc. The system performs low-cost yet precise remote ratiometric measurements of our thermometric fluorescent salve using only a 10-bit, 120-FPS CMOS imager. An FPGA handles control and capture of image data in the region of interest with frames synchronized with a pulsing illuminator. A minimalistic algorithm using basic pixel-summations and division to compute a ratio is presented, suitable for implementation on a minimal embedded system. The resolution of the system is reported to be at least 0.18 degrees Celcius.
AN INTERVIEW WITH PETER DIAMOND

Peter Diamond is one of the major contributors to economics during the last half century. His many contributions include research on growth, Social Security, public finance more generally, the economics of uncertainty, search theory, in particular, and economic dynamics, in general. This work has shaped the way we think about many economic problems, and the way in which we formalize them. Among his long list of honors and awards, he is a fellow of the Econometric Society, a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, and a Nemmers Prize winner. The National Science Foundation has supported his work for the last 40 years. A recent check indicated 9 books and 132 published articles, and there are few signs of any slowdown.
Selective bifunctional modification of a non-catenated metal-organic framework material via "click" chemistry.

A noncatenated, Zn-based metal−organic framework (MOF) material bearing silyl-protected acetylenes was constructed and postsynthetically modified using “click” chemistry. Using a solvent-based, selective deprotection strategy, two different organic azides were “clicked” onto the MOF crystals, resulting in a porous material whose internal and external surfaces are differently functionalized.
The computational options

Neural and Brain Modeling. By Ronald J. MacGregor. Academic: 1988. Pp.643. Hbk $89, £56; pbk$35, £22.