cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NON-HIERARCHIC SYSTEM DECOMPOSITION IN STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION

Decomposition methods provide a systematic approach for decoupling large engineering systems into smaller, coupled subsystems identified by disciplines or by engineering tasks. The paper develops a general decomposition approach for multidisciplinary optimization that is applicable for non-hierarchic systems in which a distinct system hierarchy is difficult to identify. The approach is implemented in a structural synthesis problem for verification purposes. The optimal design of a ten-bar truss for minimum weight subject to displacement and stress constraints is considered. Subsystems are defined in terms of sizing and space variables. The approach allows for implementation of specialized methods for analysis in each subsystem and the ability to incorporate human intervention and decision making. Results demonstrate that the Concurrent Subspace Optimization approach is a versatile method that potentially offers exceptional computational as well as data management advantages.
Naturalistic Dialogue Management for Noisy Speech Recognition

With naturalistic dialogue management, a spoken dialogue system behaves as a human would under similar conditions. This paper reports on an experiment to develop naturalistic clarification strategies for noisy speech recognition in the context of spoken dialogue systems. We collected a wizard-of-Oz corpus in which human wizards with access to a rich set of clarification actions made clarification decisions online, based on human-readable versions of system data. The experiment compares an evaluation of calls to a baseline system in a library domain with calls to an enhanced version of the system. The new system has a clarification module based on the wizard data that is a decision tree constructed from three machine-learned models. It replicates the wizards' ability to ground partial understandings of noisy input and to build upon them. The enhanced system has a significantly higher rate of task completion, greater task success and improved efficiency.
Mapping liquefaction potential of aged soil deposits in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina

Liquefaction potential of aged soil deposits in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, based on the 1886 Charleston earthquake is characterized in this paper. The characterization involves reviewing available first-hand accounts of 1886 ground behavior, analyzing cone penetration test (CPT) and shear wave velocity data, and correlating the results with geology. Careful review of the first-hand accounts reveals that nearly all cases of surface effects of liquefaction can be associated with the younger sand deposits that lie adjacent to the harbor, rivers, and creeks. Only one documented case of minimal surface effect of liquefaction can be definitely associated with the older sand deposits of the 100,000-year-old Wando Formation. Ratios of measured-to-estimated shear wave velocity indicate that the younger sand deposits and the older sand deposits have measured velocities that are 9% and 38%, respectively, greater than 6-year-old sand deposits with the same CPT tip resistance. Liquefaction potential is expressed in terms of the liquefaction potential index (LPI) proposed by Iwasaki and others. LPI values for the Wando sands computed from the CPT profiles are incorrectly high, if no age corrections are applied. If age corrections are applied, computed LPI values match well the observed field behavior in both the younger sands and the older sands. The results are combined with a 1:24,000 scale geologic map to produce a liquefaction potential map of Mount Pleasant. The findings of this study agree remarkably well with a previous liquefaction potential study of aged soil deposits on Charleston peninsula.
A Clinical Evaluation of an Improved Holler Monitoring Technique for Artificial Pacemaker Function

This paper discusses shortcomings of conventional Holter monitoring in paced patients and describes a new technique which permits reliable detection of intermittent pacemaker malfunction and counts pacemaker activity during the recording period. Evaluation of the system of 64 consecutive patients revealed 15 with unsuspected episodic pacemaker dysfunction.
NATO TG-25 joint field experiment in distributed sensor networks

NATO's Task Group (TG-25) on acoustic and seismic sensing is responsible for assessing the potential technologies that can be cooperatively developed and shared within NATO's countries to provide effective, robust and low-cost battlefield sensor systems. The primary applications will be detection and/or classification of ground troops, ground vehicles, airborne vehicles, artillery and sniper. TG-25 has 3 main objectives: (1) to establish acoustic and seismic standards and data exchange procedures, (2) to compare, analyze, exchange, and develop analytical techniques, computational models and signal processing algorithms, and (3) to plan and conduct joint field experiments. In this paper, we discuss participation in the joint NATO field experiment conducted in France in October 2002. The experiment's goal is to demonstrate interoperability of unattended ground sensors from various participating nations. Results of the experiments will be briefed and discussed. Keywords: TG-25, unattended ground sensor, vehicle tracking
In situ X-ray diffraction study of silicon at pressures up to 15.5 GPa and temperatures up to 1073 K

In situ x-ray diffraction measurements of silicon were conducted in the pressure range 6-15.5 GPa and at temperatures up to 1073 K. The results were used to improve the phase diagram for silicon. The pressure range where the Si I I phase is stable in the temperature interval 293-973 K was found. The positions of the Si I -Si I I , Si I I -Si X I , Si X I -Si V equilibrium lines and the Si I -Si I I -Si L , Si I I -Si X I -Si L , Si X I -Si V -Si L triple points were determined.
Refinement and Evaluation of a CFTR Homology Model and Identification of Residues Controlling Channel Gating

Cystic Fibrosis, which affects nearly 1 in 2,500 births in the Caucasian population, is caused by various mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. CFTR is a member of the diverse ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) protein superfamily. While most ABC proteins are transporters, CFTR alone has evolved to function as an ion channel. Currently no crystal structure of full length CFTR exists, but due to its biological relevance, many CFTR homology models have been proposed. Using a recently published and experimentally supported model of CFTR, we have carried out all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) in an attempt to further characterize the dynamics of this recalcitrant protein. First, we refined the model utilizing MD flexible fitting (MDFF) and structural data from a 9-A cryo-EM map of CFTR (Rosenberg et al., 2011). Next, equilibrium MD simulations of the model within a membrane were used to probe 3 physically relevant states: the apo state, the proposed semi-apo state (1 ATP bound), and the bound state (2 ATP bound). Initial results show a difference in dimerization in the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) between the three states. In other experiments, residues in CFTR's NBDs indicating sequence divergence from the canonical ABC protein sequence (suggesting that they may be involved in slowing the ATP hydrolysis rate, which would likely support longer open durations) were returned to the canonical sequence. Burst durations (in ms) measured for single-channels expressed in oocytes were WT-CFTR (683 ± 59), S573E-CFTR (427 ± 83)∗, G576S/Y577A-CFTR (431 ± 46)∗, (∗ = p < 0.05). These results suggest that CFTR's NBDs evolved in a manner that would support the shift from transporter to channel function. (Support: 5R01-DK056481).
Recovery networks and patient interpretations of mental illness

This study examined young adult chronic patients' interpretations of the cause, severity, and prognosis of mental illness. Findings fail to support fully the hypothesis that changes in the service delivery system have encouraged patients to conceptualize psychiatric disorders in sickness terms. Nearly two thirds of the patients rejected the etiological opinion that psychiatric problems are involuntary illnesses. They also regarded psychiatric disorders as serious but assigned them an optimistic prognosis. Structural factors continue to play an important role in patients' views, yet the professional and lay recovery networks operate differently for perceptions of severity, cause, and curability.
THE INFLUENCE OF VERBAL ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND VERBAL ORGANIZING SKILLS ON SELECT MEASURES OF LEARNING

This study investigated the influence of verbal organizational structure and verbal organizing skills on recall of facts, ability to pattern, and ability to problem-solve. One hundred and fifty-nine college students, classified as high or low in ability to organize verbal material, heard recorded communications that consisted of either high-structure-sequence or low-structure-sequence messages. The results indicated that level of message structure and organizing skills were conjunctively related to the learning variables, with structure apparently accounting for more of the variance than organizing skills.
Reversible binding of peptide aldehydes to papain. Structure-activity relationships.

Abstract The hydration of eleven peptide and hippuryl aldehydes has been measured as a function of temperature by means of NMR spectroscopy. In all cases the aldehydes were strongly hydrated (i.e., 90–95%) in aqueous solution. Dehydration of the hydrates was strongly endothermic, but this was partly offset by a positive entropy for dehydration. The binding of the aldehydes to papain was measured by fluorescence titration, and from these data dissociation constants for the hemithioacetal enzyme adducts were derived. Binding of N-Ac- l -PheNHCH2CHO (1) was particularly tight (Kd,corr = 0.00043 μM) whereas that of its d -enantiomer (2) was 300-fold weaker (Kd,corr = 0.129 μM). The binding constants of the eleven aldehydes correlated with those for the reversible covalent binding of the analogous nitriles according to the equation log Kd(CHO) = −2.687 + 1.016 log Kd,corr(CN) (r = 0.99), lending support to previous suggestions that both peptide aldehydes and peptide nitriles behave as transition-state- or reactive intermediate analogs for papain. This finding is particularly striking in view of the obvious differences in hybridization (sp2 vs. sp3) and geometry (trigonal vs. tetrahedral) at the reactive P1 carbon center in their covalent adduct forms (thioimidate ester vs. hemithioacetal, respectively). A model for the binding of substrates, their transition states and analogs thereof is proposed. A key feature of the model is an obligatory covalent (or developing covalent) interaction between Cys-25-SH and the carbonyl or equivalent carbon of P1, augmented by intermolecular P1NH OC(Asp-158), P2CO HN(Gly-66) and P2NH OC(Gly-66) hydrogen bonds and a hydrophobic P2 S2 interaction. The latter three interactions are optimum or nearly optimum when P2 is a hydrophobic l -amino acid with an N-acyl substituent. Data presented suggest that hippuryl derivatives are relatively non-specific substrates or inhibitors for papain and, consequently, are of diminished value as probes for binding and catalytic studies.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Care: Adolescent and Adult Men’s Willingness to Talk and Preferred Approach

Introduction Sexually active adolescent and adult men have substantial sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs, but little is known about their willingness and preferred approach to talk about SRH with their healthcare provider. Purpose To examine participants’ willingness to talk about 11 SRH topics, including sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk; human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine; condom use; female birth control methods; emergency contraception; concerns about sexual performance or making someone pregnant; being a father; relationships; testicular cancer; and acne, with their healthcare provider and their preferred approach (provider- or self-initiated). Methods This cross-sectional clinic-based survey of 346 men aged 16–35 years was conducted in 2011. Bivariate analyses conducted in 2012 examined variation in study outcomes by participants’ predisposing (age, race/ethnicity); enabling (education, past provider SRH discussion); and need factors (SRH concern). Results Almost all participants (84%–98%) were willing to talk about all SRH topics. The top three topics included STD risk (98%); testicular cancer (98%); and HPV vaccine (97%). Among those willing to talk, the majority preferred their provider initiate the discussion (52%–88%). Participants reporting past provider discussions were more likely to prefer that their provider initiate discussions on condom use, female birth control methods, concerns about sexual performance and making someone pregnant, and relationships. Study outcomes did not vary by any other participant predisposing, enabling, or need factors. Conclusions These findings indicate that adolescent and adult men are willing to discuss a wide range of SRH topics with their healthcare provider. Providers need to move beyond whether male patients want to talk about these topics and instead proactively promote these conversations.
Purification of a Variant-specific Surface Protein of Giardia lamblia and Characterization of its Metal-binding Properties

Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite of humans and other vertebrates, undergoes surface antigenic variation by modulating the expression of different variant-specific surface proteins (VSP). VSPs are cysteine-rich surface proteins that bind zinc and other heavy metals in vitro. We developed an immunoaffinity chromatographic method to purify a VSP in order to determine its biochemical properties. The sequences of two different proteolytic fragments agreed with the sequence deduced from the cloned gene, and amino-terminal sequence indicated the removal of a 14-residue signal peptide, consistent with the transport of VSP to the cell surface. The protein is not glycosylated and has an isoelectric point of 5.3. X-ray microanalyses indicated that the major metals in Giardia trophozoites, as well as purified VSP, are zinc and iron. The zinc concentration in Giardia cells was found to be 0.43 mM and the iron concentration 0.80 mM when compared with standard samples (zinc) or calculated from a known physical constants (iron). We propose that metal coordination stabilizes VSPs, rendering them resistant to proteolytic attack in the upper small intestine. Moreover, the ability to bind ions by Giardia may play a role in nutritional deficiency and/or malabsorption in heavily infected persons.
Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on the long-term progression of left ventricular dilatation in patients with asymptomatic systolic dysfunction. SOLVD (Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction) Investigators.

Background. Patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) manifest progressive LV dilatation, which is prevented by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In patients with asymptomatic LV systolic dysfunction, in whom there is less activation of the renin-angiotensin system, ventricular remodeling might be less rapid and the benefit of ACE inhibitors less discernible. Methods and Results. One hundred eight patients enrolled in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Prevention Trial, with left ventricular ejection fraction less-than-or-equal-to 0.35 but without clinical heart failure, underwent radionuclide ventriculograms, and 49 underwent left heart catheterizations. Measurements were made before and after double-blinded randomization to enalapril (2.5 to 20 mg/d) or placebo. Repeated-measures analysis of all time points showed significant differences for change in end-diastolic volume (EDV) between enalapril and placebo groups. Significant difference between the enalapril and placebo groups (P<.05) was present for change in EDV at 1 year within the catheterization study and at a mean of 25 months within the radionuclide study. Radionuclide EDV increased in placebo patients (119+/-28 to 124+/-33 mL/m2, mean+/-SD) and decreased in enalapril patients (120+/-25 to 113+/-25 mL/m2). Differences between the two groups were significantly less than previously described in patients with symptomatic heart failure (P<.02), with less increase in LV volumes in the placebo group and less decrease in volumes in the enalapril group. Conclusions. Chronic ACE inhibitor treatment slows or reverses LV dilatation in patients with asymptomatic LV systolic dysfunction. Compared with symptomatic patients, asymptomatic patients manifest a slower rate of spontaneous LV dilatation and less reduction in LV volumes by enalapril.
Optical Color Image Processing For Product Inspection

Several optical processors using color information for product inspection are described. The systems described employ the use of inputs in different colors (RGB) to provide: enhancement of portions of the product, reduced noise, and improved contrast ratio for better optical Hough transform mensuration data. They also include a new frequency-multiplexed multi-color correlator and new and efficient techniques to employ only one or two wavelength sources in color procesng with a color liquid crystal television (LCTV). Real time optical laboratory data using an LCTV and thermoplastic light modulator are presented for optical Hough transform and correlation systems for product inspection. The color LCTV's phase distortion, contrast ratio and pixel size and the thermoplastic camera's parameters are quantified and analyzed.
HeLa cell adhesion to microcarriers in high shear conditions: evidence for membrane receptors for collagen but not laminin or fibronectin.

HeLa-S3 cells were analyzed for their ability to attach and spread on cell culture microcarriers that were made either positively or negatively charged with polymeric plastics or were coated with BSA, gelatin, fibronectin or laminin. The cells stuck to all microcarriers under low shear, i.e. low stirring conditions with similar rates of attachment. Except in the case of gelatin microcarriers where cells fully spread, cells did not or only partially spread on the others. Under high shear, cells attached with the following rates: positive = negative = gelatin = BSA greater than laminin greater than fibronectin. Cells detached from all but the gelatin and BSA coated beads. However, the cells did not fully spread on BSA beads. The observation that cells not only attached but also spread on gelatin beads indicated that gelatin could be a specific substratum adhesion protein while the other surfaces were 'non-specific'. It should be noted that neither antibodies to laminin nor fibronectin interfered with attachment to gelatin. Protein synthesis inhibitors reduced the attachment and spreading on gelatin beads under high but not low shear conditions. With low shear, attachment and spreading appeared normal. We concluded that the density of the cell surface attachment proteins was reduced by the protein synthesis inhibitors and there were not enough present to facilitate attachment under high shear. The results also indicated that protein synthesis was not essential for cell spreading. Proteolysis of the cell surface with low concentrations of trypsin abolished the attachment of cells to gelatin-coated beads. The reappearance of attachment ability took several hours and was inhibited by actinomycin-D.
Authority and Voice in Student Ethnographic Writing

In this essay I look at issues of authority and voice as they have entered the current critique of ethnographic writing. Arguing that ethnographic research provides a way of helping students to gain the authority that comes from engagement in real inquiry, I examine the relationship between that growing authority and the voice in which it is expressed.
On the validity of the Mantel χ2 extension and otherχ2 tests in biological studies with low incidence rates

The aim of the present study is to examine the sensitivity behavior of the Mantel χ2extension test based on ridit scores, which is widely used in biological cases, especially epidemio1ogical studies, to small incidence rates. Two additional statistical test, the conventional χ2 contingency table analysis and the Solomon–Kullback information χ2 test are also being studied
Hydrophilic interaction LC–MS/MS analysis of opioids in urine: significance of glucuronide metabolites

Background: In clinical laboratories, a large proportion of the toxicology workload is drug confirmations. Our GC–MS method for opioid confirmation detects total codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and oxymorphone. The objective of this study was to develop a LC–MS/MS assay measuring the above drugs and glucuronide metabolites. In addition, to determine if measuring free drug only would lead to false negative results. Results: In 85 patient urines, 43% were positive for morphine glucuronide, but not morphine, 48% were positive for hydromorphone glucuronide, but not hydromorphone, 33% were positive for codeine glucuronide, but not codeine, and 44% were positive for oxymorphone glucuronide, but not oxymorphone. Conclusion: We developed an LC–MS/MS assay capable of detecting codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone and glucuronide metabolites. Detection of free drug only led to false negative confirmations.
Flesh and Finitude: Thinking Animals in (Post)Humanist Philosophy

In what follows, I want to suggest that a good deal of confusion about "animal studies" has stemmed from our inability to locate the question properly.1 More specifically, if philosophical work that takes the moral status of non-human animals seriously is, in some obvious sense, posthumanist (i.e., challenging the ontological and ethical divide between humans and non-humans that is a linchpin of philosophical humanism), such work may still be quite humanist on an internal theoretical and methodological level that recontains and even undermines an otherwise admirable philosophical project. My aim here is to map a kind of philosophical or theoretical spectrum that moves from humanist approaches to posthumanism (or anti-anthropocentrism) to posthumanist approaches to posthumanism, moving from a cluster that includes Martha Nussbaum's Aristotelian "capabilities approach," Peter Singer's utilitarianism, and Tom Regan's post-Kantian animal rights philosophy at one end, through the post-Wittgensteinian work of philosopher Cora Diamond (itself inflected by Stanley Cavell's writings on philosophical skepticism), to, finally, the later work of Jacques Derrida on "the question of the animal." My point will not be to pursue a kind of "more-posthumanist-than-thou" sweepstakes, but rather to try to bring out how the very admirable impulses behind any variety of philosophy that challenges anthropocentrism and speciesism (impulses that I respect wherever they may be found) demand a certain reconfiguration of what philosophy (or "theory") is and how it can (and cannot) respond to the challenge that all of these figures want to engage: the challenge of sharing the planet with non-human subjects. Such differences should not obscure a remarkable fact with which I'd like to begin: that figures as diverse as Nussbaum, Diamond, and Derrida all set out from the same starting point that anchors our ethical response to non-human animals: namely, how our shared embodiment, mortality, and finitude makes us, as Diamond will put it, "fellow creatures" in ways that subsume the more traditional markers of ethical consideration, such as the capacity for reason, the ability to enter into
United States air force progress report on refractory metals

Abstract A cross-section of the research and development activities of the U.S. Air Force in the refractory metals area is presented. Emphasis is being placed on the development of high-strength alloys for structural applications at temperatures in excess of 1, 100°C. Studies of the oxidation behaviour of tantalum and tungsten are being conducted concurrently with research into protective coatings. A refractory metals processing facility has been established and limited programmes have been conducted on the primary breakdown of arc-cast tungsten and molybdenum base alloys by extrusion.
Heat and mass transfer effects in static solid-substrate fermentations: design of fermentation chambers.

An experimental device was constructed to allow nearly simultaneous measurements to be made on temperature and gas composition at different depths in a solid-substrate fermentation bed. The time-dependent values of temperature, mol % O/sub 2/ and mol % CO/sub 2/ were measured at five positions in beds 6.35 cm (2.5 in.) deep. With a tempeh fermentation (Rhiopus oligosporus growing on soybeans) the temperature gradient could be as steep as 3/sup 0/C/cm during active mold growth and concentration of CO/sub 2/ could reach 21 vol. % in the bottom layer.
Quantitation of dopaminergic neurons in 3-dimensional reaggregate tissue culture by computer-assisted image analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) reaggregate tissue culture provides a means of quantitatively assessing neuronal cell survival under a variety of experimental conditions. A method is presented for estimation of, and comparison between, the total numbers of cells of a given neurochemical type within individual experimental flasks. The method involves cell counting from random reaggregate sections, determination of sectional volumes, and of 3D reaggregate volumes by a novel image-analysis computer system.
Hemorrhage in oral surgery.

Abstract There is a constant need in oral surgery for therapeutic agents which will accelerate the coagulation of blood, so that bleeding will be diminished to a point where it is no longer troublesome. It is important that the oral surgeon recognize the clinical signs of hemorrhagic diseases. Complete history, physical examination, and careful questioning will indicate whether the patient exhibits any hemorrhagic tendencies. If any suspicion of bleeding is present, the oral surgeon should seek the aid of a physician or hematologist to evaluate the risk involved if a surgical procedure is contemplated. The patient's health is of primary importance, and the operative procedure under consideration is of secondary importance. In the practice of oral surgery, the amount of hemorrhage has been underestimated. When replacement therapy is indicated, the hematologist should be consulted. Any surgical procedure may give rise to a potential hemorrhage. The oral surgeon must anticipate and be able to treat postoperative hemorrhage.
Test of the Universal Scaling Law for the Diffusion Coefficient in Liquid Metals

To understand such important material processing techniques as binary solidification and glass formation, a knowledge of the liquid state diffusion coefficient is required. Despite its fundamental importance, however, the diffusivity remains an elusive quantity. It is very difficult to measure experimentally and, unlike crystalline solids, it is not fully understood how the diffusion coefficient depends on the structure and thermodynamics of the liquid. Our current knowledge of liquid transport properties was advanced recently by Dzugutov [1] who proposed a universal scaling relationship between the excess entropy of a liquid and the diffusion coefficient. The excess entropy is the total entropy minus the ideal gas
Permaculture for agroecology: design, movement, practice, and worldview. A review

Agroecology is a promising alternative to industrial agriculture, with the potential to avoid the negative social and ecological consequences of input-intensive production. Transitioning to agroecological production is, however, a complex project that requires diverse contributions from the outside of scientific institutions. Agroecologists therefore collaborate with traditional producers and agroecological movements. Permaculture is one such agroecological movement, with a broad international distribution and a unique approach to system design. Despite a high public profile, permaculture has remained relatively isolated from scientific research. Though the potential contribution of permaculture to agroecological transition is great, it is limited by this isolation from science, as well as from oversimplifying claims, and the lack of a clear definition. Here, we review scientific and popular permaculture literature. A systematic review discusses quantitative bibliometric data, including keyword analysis. A qualitative review identifies and assesses major themes, proposals, and claims. The manuscript follows a stratified definition of permaculture as design system, best practice framework, worldview, and movement. The major points of our analysis are as follows: (1) Principles and topics largely complement and even extend principles and topics found in the agroecological literature. (2) Distinctive approaches to perennial polyculture, water management, and the importance of agroecosystem configuration exceed what is documented in the scientific literature and thus suggest promising avenues of inquiry. (3) Discussions of practice consistently underplay the complexity, challenges, and risks that producers face in developing diversified and integrated production systems. (4) The movement is mobilizing diverse forms of social support for sustainability, in geographically diverse locations. (5) And scholarship in permaculture has always been a diverse marginal sector, but is growing.
Composition of petroleum heavy ends 1. Separation of petroleum >675 °C residues

Abstract Residues from four crude oils have been separated into fractions of acids, bases, neutral nitrogen compounds, saturate hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The separation scheme is a modification of a separation scheme originally developed for high-boiling petroleum distillates. The gross compositions of the four residues are compared.
Pentavalent uranium trans-dihalides and -pseudohalides

Pentavalent uranium complexes of the formula U(V)X(2)[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3) (X = F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), N(3)(-), NCS(-)) are accessible from the oxidation of U(III)[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3) through two sequential, one-electron oxidation reactions (halides) and substitution through salt metathesis (pseudohalides). Uranium(v) mixed-halides are also synthesized by successive one-electron oxidation reactions.
ANNUAL GERMINATION WINFOW IN OOSPORES OF NITELLA FURCATA (CHAROPHYCEAE)1

Oospores of Nitella furcata subsp. megacarpa (Allen emend. Wood) were collected from an oospore bank in the sediments of Lake George, New York. Incubated at constant temperatures, all or nearly all of the oospores germinated when exposed to a brief pulse of red light when the annual window of germinability was open. The window seems related to the annual cycle of sediment temperatures. It is open in spring and closes wit the onset of a secondary dormacncy in the summer. Oospores in storage follow a parallel path if held at 18°C, a summer equivalent temperature; the window remains open indefinitely if the oospores are held at 4°C. Attention is drawn to the similarity if the cyclic window of germinability in seeds of summer annuals and oospores of N. furcata.
Toxic effects of cadmium: A review

Abstract A review has been made of current knowledge, published and unpublished, relating to cadmium toxicity. The survey included worldwide epidemiology of the metal, distribution pattern in our environment, industrial production and uses, modes of incorporation into the human body, and possible significance of the metal with respect to metabolism. The findings revealed that cadmium is virtually ubiquitous, not only being deposited and accumulated in various body tissues, but found in varying concentrations throughout all environmental compartments (air, soil, food, and water) in which man must live. It appears that within the past two decades there has been increased industrial production and use of the metal. Concomitantly, there has been an increased incidence of both acute and chronic cases of clinically identifiable cadmiosis. Experimental evidence obtained under controlled laboratory conditions suggests that cadmium may function in or may be an etiological factor for various pathological processes including testicular tumors, renal dysfunction, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, growth inhibition, chronic diseases of old age, and cancer. In addition, it was reported that cadmium may result in hemorrhagic lesions in sensory ganglia within the central nervous system. A number of investigators found some toxic aspects of exogenously administered cadmium to be partially or even totally prevented by zine, cobalt, selenium, estrogen, British antilewisite (BAL) and thiol compounds.
Malignant transformation of the esophageal mucosa is enhanced in p27 knockout mice.

Abstract Objective: In a previous study, we showed that experimentally induced gastroduodenal-esophageal reflux in mice treated with a carcinogen can result in Barrett esophagus and Barrett-associated adenocarcinoma. Since we have shown that most Barrett-associated adenocarcinomas in human beings have lost the tumor suppressor gene p27, we sought to determine whether cancer would be more likely to develop in p27 knockout mice than in p27 heterozygous or p27 wild type mice. Methods: Three groups of mice were treated by esophagojejunostomy resulting in gastroduodenal-esophageal reflux and by a carcinogen ( N -methyl- N -benzylnitrosamine): group I (50 wild type), group II (45 p27 heterozygous), and group III (50 p27 knockout). The mice were killed 18 to 20 weeks after operation and studied macroscopically and histopathologically. Results: Barrett esophagus developed in 7 (14%) mice in group I, 4 (8.9%) mice in group II, and 13 (26%) mice in group III. Cancers developed in 30 (60%) mice in group I, 31 (68%) mice in group II, and 43 (86%) mice in group III. Ten percent of the cancers in group I were adenocarcinomas, as were 16.1% in group II, and 23.3% in group III. The difference between rates of Barrett esophagus in groups I and II compared with group III was statistically significant ( P =.035), as was true of the cancer rates ( P =.006). The percentage of cancers that were adenocarcinomas was highest in group III, but not significantly different from groups I and II. Conclusions: This experimental mouse model of Barrett esophagus and Barrett- associated adenocarcinoma is similar to what occurs in human beings and may be useful in developing methods to inhibit malignant transformation of Barrett esophagus.
Androgen regulation of proopiomelanocortin gene expression and peptide content in the basal hypothalamus

Previous studies have shown that the hypothalamic content of β-endorphin (βEP) and other POMC-derived peptides increases 4 weeks after orchiectomy and that this increase can be prevented by testosterone replacement. To determine if these changes in hypothalamic βEP content are secondary to changes in the biosynthesis of βEP we have measured POMC mRNA levels in intact and castrated adult male rats with and without testosterone replacement. After either 2 or 4 weeks of treatment the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was collected and homogenized. An aliquot was removed for βEP RIA, RNA was isolated, and the amount of POMC mRNA was measured using a solution hybridization S1 nuclease protection assay. In agreement with previous results, the content of βEP in the MBH from 4-week castrated animals (7930 ± 568 pg/mg protein) was significantly increased compared to that in either castrated and testosterone-replaced rats (5792 ± 568 pg/mg; P < 0.02) or intact controls (6027 ± 349 pg/mg; P < 0.02). POMC mRNA in the M...
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase from yeast. The presence of bound zinc

Abstract Nucleotide pyrophosphatase from yeast was inhibited by thiols, o -phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinoline, EDTA, and 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid. The inhibition by chelating agents was time and concentration dependent. Inhibition by EDTA was decreased by complexing the EDTA with metal ions before addition to the enzyme. The effectiveness of the metal ions in preventing inhibition by EDTA paralleled the stability constants of the EDTA-metal complexes. Partial recovery of EDTA-inhibited enzyme activity was achieved with Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Mn 2+ . Analyses for zinc in the purified enzyme by atomic absorption spectroscopy and by titration with 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid revealed the presence of approximately 1 g atom/mol of enzyme ( M r 65,000). The data indicate that yeast nucleotide pyrophosphatase is a metalloenzyme in which the zinc plays some role in activity.
Sequence of events following adoption of contraception: An exploratory analysis of 1973 fertility history data

Abstract Fertility histories from the 1973 United States National Survey of Family Growth are analyzed in the context of a model of contraceptive use based on a Semi‐Markov processes. This model provides a means of constructing data‐based estimates of probabilities of pregnancy following initial acceptance of a contraceptive method. The algorithm used to construct these estimates recognizes multiple intervals of contraceptive used prior to the events: pregnancy, marital dissolution, or sterilization. Estimated probabilities of the events marital dissolution and pregnancy for women seeking to delay pregnancy are presented, as are probabilities of contraceptive sterilization for women seeking to prevent subsequent pregnancy. These estimates are compared to one‐step transition probabilities and directly observed NSFG data on pregnancy, marital dissolution, or contraceptive sterilization in an attempt to judge the validity of the model and to assess biases which may result from its use.
Thermal Conductivity: XIV, Conductivity of Multicomponent Systems

The thermal conductivity of a number of multi-component systems has been determined as a function of composition and temperature. These were silicate glasses, MgO-NiO, Al2O3-Cr2O3, UO2-UO2+x-ThO2, ZrO2-HfO2-CaO, MgO-Mg2-SiO4, MgO-BeO, Al2O3-mullite, MgO-MgAl2O4, Al2O3-ZrO2, Al2O3-glass, and Si-Sic. Analyses of these results indicate that a second component in solid solution markedly lowers the thermal conductivity. The second-component scattering mean free path is inversely proportional to concentration at low concentrations and independent of temperature at the temperatures studied (above room temperature). The conductivity of polyphase ceramics can be predicted if the conductivity of each phase, amount of each phase, and phase distribution (including pore phase) are known.
Outcomes of Harada-Ito surgery for acquired torsional diplopia

Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of Harada-Ito surgery in correcting various types of torsional diplopia. Methods The medical records of patients who underwent Harada-Ito surgery at two academic institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included etiology of torsional diplopia, strabismus and torsion measurements, reoperation rate, patient symptoms, and use of prism. Postoperative success was defined as a lack of diplopia in the primary position at distance and downgaze at near with or without prism. Failure was defined as persistent torsional diplopia; partial success was defined as surgical success but with restrictive strabismus in the secondary gaze positions. Results A total of 26 patients (mean age, 46 years; range, 13-89 years) were included. Of these, 17 had superior oblique palsy. The mean follow-up duration was 2 years (range, 2-60 months). The surgical outcome was success in 73% of patients, partial success in 7%, and failure in 19%. All patients with ≤10° of torsion preoperatively obtained surgical success. Patients in the failure group had higher amounts of preoperative torsion compared to the success group ( P = 0.009). The reoperation rate was 23%, including four patients with additional surgery for downgaze esotropia or torsion. One-third of the patients wore a prism immediately after surgery. Conclusions Harada-Ito surgery successfully treated torsional diplopia. Patients with ≤10° of preoperative torsion had a better outcome. Downgaze diplopia was a common reason for additional surgery.
847 THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF MICROWAVES, HYPERTHERMIA AND HYDROCORTISONE SUCCINATE ON L1210 LEUKEMIC CELLS

Mouse Leukemia L1210 is an extensively used model for cancer chemotherapy studies. An unique microwave irradiation exposure system was used to assay the effects of hyperthermia, microwave irradiation (MWR), and hydrocortisone succinate (HCS) on L1210 cells ability to form colonies in a methylcellulose culture system. MWR was given at 2450 MHz frequency with 1000 mW/cm2 power output for 30 min. L1210 cells were suspended in a medium and then exposed as follows: Sham at 37°C and 42°C; MWR at 37°C and 42°C. All 4 exposure sets were then plated at a cell concentration of 5,000 cells per plate either with no drug, or with 10−5M, 10−6M, 10−7M or 10−8M HCS per plate. At day 8 of culture the colony number was scored in each of the plates. Pre-exposure to MWR, hyperthermia or combination of the two had no effect on the cell's ability to form colonies. HCS when added to culture plates inhibited the colony formation in a dose-dependent fashion. However, no further inhibition was observed by pre-exposing cells to MWR or hyperthermia alone. A significant inhibition (50%) in the colony formation at each HCS concentration was observed by pre-exposing the cells to both MWR and hyperthermia proceeding culture in HCS. We conclude that MWR and hyperthermia when employed together interact with HCS in a synergistic fashion to inhibit growth of L1210 cells.
Jasmonic acid-dependent increase in the level of vegetative storage proteins in soybean

Abstract The plant growth regulator, jasmonic acid (JA) has been shown to increase the level of a glycopeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 30 000 in soybean cells grown photomixotrophically in suspension culture. JA sprayed on soybean leaves increased the level of two glycoproteins with apparent molecular masses of 28 000 and 30 000. These glycoproteins were identified on Western blots as the two subunits of the vegetative storage protein (VSP) found in the paraveinal mesophyll of depoded soybeans. The identity of the VSP bands in the Western blots was determined by using antibody raised against native VSP and antibody that was affinity purified using deglycosylated VSP. The JA-dependent increase in leaf storage proteins suggests that JA may play a role in the regulation of the amount of leaf nigrogen that partitions into VSP, possibly under stressed conditions.
Spectroscopic characterization of the EF-hand domain of phospholipase C δ1 : Identification of a lipid interacting domain

Abstract The interaction of the isolated EF-hand domain of phospholipase C δ1 with arachidonic acid (AA) was characterized using circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The far-UV CD spectral changes indicate that AA binds to the EF domain. The near-UV CD spectra suggest that the orientations of aromatic residues in the peptide are affected when AA binds to the protein. The fluorescence of the single intrinsic tryptophan located in EF1 was enhanced by the addition of dodecylmaltoside (DDM) and AA suggesting that this region of the protein is involved in hydrophobic interactions. In the presence of a low concentration of DDM it was found that AA induced a change in fluorescence resonance energy transfer, which is indicative of a conformational change. The lipid induced conformational change may play a role in calcium binding because the isolated EF-hand domain did not bind Ca 2+ in the absence of lipids, but Ca 2+ -dependent changes in the intrinsic tryptophan emission were observed when free fatty acids were present. These studies identify specific EF-hand domains as allosteric regulatory domains that require hydrophobic ligands such as lipids.
The orthodontic-surgical correction of a Class II malocclusion with anterior open bite

Abstract This is the case report of a 39-year-old woman who presented with a skeletal Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite, and chronic temporomandibular disorder. Small maxillary lateral incisors and moderate mandibular anterior crowding led to the treatment plan, which involved extraction of a mandibular incisor. A combined orthodontic-surgical treatment plan resulted in greatly improved occlusal function and in a reduction of the patient's temporomandibular disorder symptoms. [This case report was presented to the American Board of Orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the certification process conducted by the Board.] (Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1996;110:81-7.)
180° production of protons in high-energy p, d, and α reactions in nuclei

Abstract Measurement of the differential cross sections for the 180° production of protons from 6 Li, C, and Ta by protons (600 MeV), duetrons (361 MeV), and α-particles (726 MeV) have been carried out. The results are shown to be in accord with “quasi-two body scaling”. The data follow a structure function distribution G(k)≈ e − k k 0 up to internal nucleon momenta, k = 1.3 GeV/ c . The measurements in 6 Li extend the validity of this functional form up to values of k close to the elastic scattering limit.
On-line particle-image velocimeter: an integrated approach

We describe an on-line particle-image velocimeter (PIV) and its implementation for the measurement of the velocity field in steady and unsteady flows. The instrument uses up-to-date solid-state sensors, dedicated electronic boards, and digital microcomputers to combine the image-acquisition and processing steps into a single, fully integrated unit. A calibration experiment evaluates the accuracy of the velocity measurement instrument. The experiment consists of the measurement of the velocity distribution of a laminar wall jet and shows that the velocity, as well as the vorticity profiles, obtained by using the on-line PIV compare well with those obtained by means of a conventional photographic PIV and a numerical prediction.
Short-run statistical process control : Multicriteria part family formation

Owing to customer demands and short product life cycles, manufacturing trends have shifted towards a wide variety of mixed products with small batch sizes. It is difficult to apply traditional control charts efficiently and effectively in such environments, and it is not necessary to plot a control chart for each individual part. In this study, we propose a multicriteria part family formation technique and algorithm for implementing short-run SPC charting. We first carry out simulation to obtain ARLs for various shifts, and then use a maximin approach to help obtain a compromise or satisfactory ratio of standard deviations allowable within part families—type I and type II errors of Shewhart X control charts are considered simultaneously. This research establishes Shewhart X control charts for each part family to examine the quality status of all part types in the same family. We also provide a numerical example for purposes of illustration. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of estrogen-responsive vitelline envelope protein fragments from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma using mass spectrometry

Plasma peptides previously associated with exposure of juvenile male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Specifically, plasma peptides of interest were fractionated and subsequently identified via spectra obtained by MALDI QqTOF MS/MS and LC-MALDI TOFTOF MS/MS analysis, de novo sequencing and database matching. The two peptide masses were identified as significant matches for fragments of the C-terminal propeptides from rainbow trout vitelline envelope protein (VEP)α and VEPγ isoforms. Our findings document the presence of the C-terminal propeptides from rainbow trout VEPα and VEPγ proteins in the bloodstream of juvenile male rainbow trout exposed to E2 via MALDI-TOF-MS detection. We provide three possible explanations for the presence of C-terminal propeptides in the bloodstream, as well as compare previously obtained hepatic transcriptomic results with the plasma proteomic results obtained in the present study. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77:963–970, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.