cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical mapping of human chromosomes by repetitive sequence fingerprinting.

Abstract We have developed an approach for identifying overlapping cosmid clones by exploiting the high density of repetitive sequences in complex genomes. Individual clones are fingerprinted, using a combination of restriction enzyme digestions followed by hybridization with selected classes of repetitive sequences. This "repeat fingerprinting" technique allows small regions of clone overlap (10-20%) to be unambiguously assigned. We demonstrate the utility of this approach, using the fingerprinting of 3145 cosmid clones (1.25 x coverage), containing one or more (GT)n repeats, from human chromosome 16. A statistical analysis was used to link these clones into 460 contiguous sequences (contigs), averaging 106 kilobases (kb) in length and representing approximately 54% (48.7 Mb) of the euchromatic arms of this chromosome. These values are consistent with theoretical calculations and indicate that 150- to 200-kb contigs can be generated with 1.5 x coverage. This strategy requires the fingerprinting of approximately one-fourth as many cosmids as random strategies requiring 50% minimum overlap for overlap detection. By "nucleating" at specific regions in the human genome, and exploiting the high density of interspersed sequences, this approach allows (i) the rapid generation of large (greater than 100-kb) contigs in the early stages of contig mapping and (ii) the production of a contig map with useful landmarks for rapid integration of the genetic and physical maps.
Stochastic bounded confidence opinion dynamics

In a vast body of opinion dynamics literature, an agent updates its opinion based on the opinions of its neighbors in a static social graph, regardless of their differences in opinions. In contrast, the bounded confidence opinion dynamics does not presume a static interaction graph, and instead limits interactions to those agents that share related opinions (i.e., whose opinions are close to one another). We generalize the bounded confidence opinion dynamics model by incorporating stochastic interactions based on opinion differences and the endogenous evolution of the agent opinions, which itself is a random process. We analytically characterize the conditions under which this stochastic dynamics is stable in an appropriate sense.
Post-lumbar puncture headache.

SYNOPSIS Headache is a frequent complication of dural puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the subarachnoid space decreases the cushioning effect the fluid has on the brain, producing traction on nerves and blood vessels. The headache, worse when the patient's head is elevated, and usually located in the frontal and occipital regions, is often associated with neck stiffness and nausea. The symptoms typically occur the day after dural puncture and are normally limited to 5 or 6 days. The post-lumbar puncture headache's incidence and severity are directly related to needle size. The mainstays of treatment are hydration and bedrest. Analgesics and tranquilizers can be used to relieve anxiety and muscle spasm. Severe symptoms unresponsive to conservative measures have been treated with an epidural blood patch. The success rate of this therapy is over 90 per cent.
Thermal injury effects on drug disposition : a prospective study with piperacillin

The disposition of piperacillin was prospectively evaluated in nine severely burned patients who had normal renal and hepatic function. Wide interpatient variations were demonstrated in the drug's distribution volume, half-life, and clearance, with mean (+/- SD) values of 55.0 (+/- 44.2) liters, 3.6 (+/- 5.2) hours, and 14.9 (+/- 6.3) liters/hour, respectively. Piperacillin clearance was best explained by patient factors other than age, renal function, and the percentage of body surface area burns. Piperacillin disposition was related to the patients' serum albumin, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and the amount of urea nitrogen excreted daily in urine. Altered piperacillin disposition thus appeared to occur secondary to changes in the patients' physiologic and metabolic state caused by injury-related stress and fluid therapy. The patient's physiologic and metabolic response to injury, along with age and renal function, should be considered when instituting treatment with piperacillin or other agents cleared from the body in a similar manner.
Near 0 eV Electrons Attach to Nucleotides

To elucidate the mechanism of the nascent stage of DNA strand breakage by low-energy electrons, theoretical investigations of electron attachment to nucleotides have been performed by the reliably calibrated B3LYP/DZP++ approach (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 231). The 2‘-deoxycytidine-3‘-monophosphate (3‘-dCMPH) and its phosphate-deprotonated anion (3‘-dCMP-) have been selected herein as models. This investigation reveals that 3‘-dCMPH is able to capture near 0 eV electrons to form a radical anion which has a lower energy than the corresponding neutral species in both the gas phase and aqueous solution. The excess electron density is primarily located on the base of the nucleotide radical anion. The electron detachment energy of this pyrimidine-based radical anion is high enough that subsequent phosphate−sugar C−O σ bond breaking or glycosidic bond cleavage is feasible. Although the phosphate-centered radical anion of 3‘-dCMPH is not stable in the gas phase, it may be stable in aqueous solution. However, an inci...
Acute lymphoblast leukemia in sheep induced by inoculation of bovine leukemia virus: diagnostic electron microscopic morphological study.

Six control lambs were inoculated with Tris buffer, 7 lambs were inoculated with an early passage of bovine leukemia virus (B.L.V.) culture, and 7 lambs with a late passage B.L.V. All experimental lambs were positive with the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) within 3 months of inoculation and remained positive throughout the 8-year duration of the experiment. The earliest onset of leukemia was at 14 months and the latest was at 44 months after inoculation. Five lambs died with leukemia, two were inoculated with early passage, and three were inoculated with late passage of B.L.V. Eight years after the inoculation, the remaining nine inoculated lambs were clinically normal. The diagnostic ultrastructural morphology of the leukemic lymphoblasts in this study were characterized by hand-mirror cells, multiple nucleoli, irregular nuclear contour with deep indentions, electron-dense granules in the euchromatin, and nuclear cytoplasmic pockets, nuclear myelin figures, mitochondrial variation in size and dens...
Optical frequency comb generation for terahertz difference-frequency measurements

We describe the operation of an optical frequency comb generator and its utility in measuring optical frequency differences in the terahertz range. The comb generator is a high-frequency resonant electro-optic modulator capable of generating hundreds of sidebands with a sideband spacing of 17 GHz and a span of at ;east 3 THz. The span is currently limited by the dispersion of the lithium niobate substrate. By detuning the modulation microwave frequency we have obtained asymmetric frequency spectra which effectively increases the span to 4.6 THz. we will describe three experiments that make use of the optical frequency comb to measure a difference frequency of 1.45 THz, to frequency lock two optical sources at a frequency separation of 1.4 THz, and finally to phase lock an optical parametric oscillator at a frequency difference of 0.665 THz.
P02.109. Stress management counseling in primary care: results of a national study

Methods Using cross-sectional data from the 2006-2009 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (n=123,192), we examined the prevalence of physician counseling about stress in the primary care setting. We used logistic regression analyses to identify characteristics (patient sociodemographics, health status, diagnoses, and health utilization) associated with visits offering stress management counseling (n=1,020) and compared these to visits without stress management counseling (n=33,045).
A modal framework for correspondence and description

The authors describe a framework for establishing correspondence, computing canonical descriptions, and recognizing objects that is based on the idea of describing objects by their generalized symmetries, as defined by the object's free vibration modes. A technique given by A. Pentland and S. Scarloff (1991) described objects in terms of the modes of some prototype shape. In contrast, this new method computes the object's modes directly from available image information. This results in greater generality and accuracy, and is applicable to data of any dimensionality. For the purposes of illustration, a detailed mathematical formulation of the method is given for 2-D problems, and it is demonstrated on gray-scale image and contour data. >
A refinement protocol to determine structure, topology, and depth of insertion of membrane proteins using hybrid solution and solid-state NMR restraints

To fully describe the fold space and ultimately the biological function of membrane proteins, it is necessary to determine the specific interactions of the protein with the membrane. This property of membrane proteins that we refer to as structural topology cannot be resolved using X-ray crystallography or solution NMR alone. In this article, we incorporate into XPLOR-NIH a hybrid objective function for membrane protein structure determination that utilizes solution and solid-state NMR restraints, simultaneously defining structure, topology, and depth of insertion. Distance and angular restraints obtained from solution NMR of membrane proteins solubilized in detergent micelles are combined with backbone orientational restraints (chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar couplings) derived from solid-state NMR in aligned lipid bilayers. In addition, a supplementary knowledge-based potential, Ez (insertion depth potential), is used to ensure the correct positioning of secondary structural elements with respect to a virtual membrane. The hybrid objective function is minimized using a simulated annealing protocol implemented into XPLOR-NIH software for general use.
Brocade of Human Desires: The Poetics of Weaving in the Jin Ping Mei and Traditional Commentaries

CAN AN EROTIC NARRATIVE RISE to the stature of first-rate literary art while it is still regarded as a pornographic work? The answer seems to be negative as a rule. Look at the vicissitudes of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover. When it was viewed as a pornographic work, it was banned for over thirty years in England and America and did not come to be regarded as a great literary work until it was completely exonerated from the infamy of pornography. We can, however, find an exception in the Chinese tradition. It is the Jin Ping Mei, or The Plum in the Golden Vase in David Roy's authoritative translation (1993, 2002). From its first circulation among Chinese literati in the seventeenth century to the present day, the Jin Ping Mei has been consistently treated as a pornographic work but at the same time widely acclaimed as a masterpiece second only to the Hongloumeng (A dream of red mansions), the greatest novel in the Chinese tradition. Nowadays, although the unexpurgated edition is still banned in China, the study of the novel has developed into a branch of learning called "Jinxue" Vi (Jin Ping Mei scholarship). A recent assessment by Ning Zongyi and Luo Derong, two Jin Ping Mei scholars, reads: "Whether one examines the novel by placing it on the abscissas of the Chinese novels of manners or explores it by placing it on the ordinates of novels of similar subject matter in the worldwide context, it will not lose its status as a brilliant masterpiece" (1992, 1). Its artistic achievement and its stature in international narratology have also been recognized. "With the possible exception of the Tale of Genji (1010) and Don Quixote (1615)," notes David Roy, "there is no earlier work of prose fiction of equal sophistication in world literature" (1986, 287). It has been translated into Japanese, English, French, German, Russian, and other major world languages. What has enabled the]Jin Ping Mei to transcend the odium of pornography to maintain its paradoxical status of a pornographic fiction and an internationally
X-ray Surface Scattering Studies of Molecular Ordering at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces

We present our recent progress in using synchrotron x-ray surface scattering techniques to study several different aspects of ordering at liquid-liquid interfaces. (1) We present measurements of the interfacial width at the water-alkane interface for a series of different chain length alkanes. The width for the shortest chain length studied is in agreement with capillary wave theory. However, significant deviations occur for longer chain lengths, indicating the presence of molecular ordering at the interface. (2) Under appropriate conditions, a surfactant monolayer forms at the interface between water and a hexane solution of a fluorinated surfactant. Reflectivity measurements that probe the electron density profile normal to the interface provide information about the surfactant ordering. This monolayer undergoes a solid to gas transition as a function of temperature. Diffuse scattering near the transition reveals the presence of islands. (3) Equilibrium interfaces between two aqueous phases containing PEG (polyethylene glycol) and potassium phosphate salts can be studied. We present studies of coherent capillary wave fluctuations between two interfaces of a thin film of this biphase system. We also demonstrate that biological macromolecules can be trapped and studied at this aqueous-aqueous interface.
Life without thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine conversion: studies in mice devoid of the 5'-deiodinases.

Considerable indirect evidence suggests that the type 2 deiodinase (D2) generates T3 from T4 for local use in specific tissues including pituitary, brown fat, and brain, whereas the type I deiodinase (D1) generates T3 from T4 in the thyroid and peripheral tissues primarily for export to plasma. From studies in deiodinase-deficient mice, the importance of the D2 for local T3 generation has been confirmed. However, the phenotypes of these D1 knockout (KO) and D2KO mice are surprisingly mild and their serum T3 level, general health, and reproductive capacity are unimpaired. To explore further the importance of 5′deiodination in thyroid hormone economy, we used a mouse devoid of both D1 and D2 activity. In general, the phenotype of the D1/D2KO mouse is the sum of the phenotypes of the D1KO and D2KO mice. It appears healthy and breeds well, and most surprisingly its serum T3 level is normal. However, impairments in brain gene expression and possibly neurological function are somewhat greater than those seen in...
Representations and reproductive hazards of Agent Orange.

The United States-Vietnam War appeared on television at the time and later in Hollywood movies. It is being interpreted again through documentary film as part of an international effort to bring attention to the devastating and continuing health effects of the American wartime use of the herbicide Agent Orange in Vietnam. This article analyzes documentary films about Vietnam and their representation of Agent Orange, disabilities, children, and gender.
When Each One Has One: The Influences on Teaching Strategies and Student Achievement of Using Laptops in the Classroom.

In this study, we examined the educational effects of providing fifth-, sixth-, and seventh-grade students with 24-hour access to laptop computers. Specifically we examined the impact of laptops on classroom activities, and on student use of technology and their writing and problem-solving skills. Participating teachers received computer integration training using the iNtegrating Technology for inQuiry (NTeQ) model to develop problem-based lessons that engage students in critically examining authentic issues, and strengthen research and writing skills. A matched treatment-control group design was employed, in which classes taught at the same grade levels in five participating schools served as the laptop (1 computer per student) and control (5+ computers per class) contexts. Participants included students, teachers, and parents from the two groups. Although systematic observations revealed relatively few differences in teaching methods between laptop and control classrooms, laptop students used computers more frequently, extensively, and independently. Writing assessment results showed substantial and significant advantages for laptop over control students, with six of eight effect sizes exceeding +0.80. Results also showed significant advantages for the laptop group on five of the seven components of the problem-solving task.
Idiopathic Perilymphatic Fistulae: A Temporal Bone Histopathological Study: Clinical, Surgical and Histopathological Correlations

The temporal bone histopathological findings herein reported are the first to be from a patient who had, during life, the diagnosis of idiopathic perilymphatic fistulae. The patient received surgical treatment followed by rapid improvement of his vestibular symptoms. These specimens histopathologically demonstrate the patencies of the labyrinth capsule that were diagnosed (predicted) clinically during life, the qualities of the membranous labyrinth in both the operated and unoperated ears, and the elements of the surgical repair. Notably there is no evidence of endolymphatic hydrops. The diagnostic features which allowed this patient with fluctuating hearing loss, episodic vertigo, and tinnitus to be distinguished from a patient with Meniere's syndrome are discussed as are the implications regarding future and past studies of vestibular and cochlear disorders.
The Status of RPE65 Gene Therapy Trials: Safety and Efficacy

Several groups have reported the results of clinical trials of gene augmentation therapy for Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) because of mutations in the RPE65 gene. These studies have used subretinal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to deliver the human RPE65 cDNA to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the treated eyes. In all of the studies reported to date, this approach has been shown to be both safe and effective. The successful clinical trials of gene augmentation therapy for retinal degeneration caused by mutations in the RPE65 gene sets the stage for broad application of gene therapy to treat retinal degenerative disorders.
Louise W. Knight, Spirit in Action: Jane Addams

In 1935, when Jane Addams was buried in the small village cemetery of her home town of Cedarville, Illinois, a simple flat marker was placed on her grave. It reads: “Jane Addams for Hull House and ...
Multichannel adaptive blind equalization with CRIMNO-MSE technique

A novel adaptive blind equalization algorithm for multichannel systems is presented. The cost function is an augmented version of CRIMNO, which also includes the mean square error (MSE) criterion between the outputs of the multichannel equalizers. It is shown that by forcing the outputs of the equalizers to be equal, as it should be during perfect equalization, the convergence of the CRIMNO-MSE technique is faster than that of the individual single-channel CRIMNO algorithms. Two additional hybrid schemes, which use a finite length memory window to form the MSE of the outputs of the equalizers, are developed. These schemes are called the CRIMNO-MSEM and the CMA-MSEM, where the final M denotes the memory length. Simulation results justify the performance of the new algorithms against single-channel CRIMNO algorithms. >
A selective absorber formed by catalytic deposition of pyrolytic carbon on a silver infrared reflecting layer

Abstract A carbonaceous selective absorber of rather high solar absorptance and quite low thermal emittance has been studied to determine the optimum conditions for its formation. A large number of variables are involved in the formation of this selective absorber, making the determination of these conditions rather time consuming. This absorber is formed by chemically depositing silver on glass, electroplating a thin nickel catalyst layer on the silver, and exposing this surface to hot acetylene at temperatures usually in the range of 475 to 535°C. Under proper conditions a selective absorber is formed which has an air-mass-two normal solar absorptance near or above 0.90, a 100°C hemispherical thermal emittance near or below 0.03, and which appears to be stable in vacuum at temperatures near 500°C. The carbonaceous coating formed is rather hard and adhesive, such that it can withstand the “scotch tape test”. This absorber has the advantage that its formation is entirely at atmospheric pressure using inexpensive materials, and thus can be produced more cheaply than many other high temperature absorbers.
Satellite Observations of the Wind Jets off the Pacific Coast of Central America. Part I: Case Studies and Statistical Characteristics

Measurements of near-surface winds by the NASA scatterometer (NSCAT) from October 1996 through June 1997 are analyzed to investigate the three major wind jets along the Pacific coast of Central America that blow over the Gulfs of Tehuantepec, Papagayo, and Panama. Each jet is easily identifiable as locally intense offshore winds in the lee of low-elevation gaps through the Sierra Madre mountain range. The jets have relatively narrow cross-stream width but often extend several hundred kilometers or more into the Pacific. The Tehuantepec and Papagayo jets sometimes merge with the northeast trade winds of the Pacific. The Tehuantepec jet was highly energetic with characteristic timescales of about 2 days. Events were triggered by high pressures associated with cold surges into the Gulf of Mexico that originated over the Great Plains of North America. The Papagayo and Panama jets were much more persistent than the Tehuantepec jets. The winds at both of these lower-latitude locations exhibited a strong seasonal variation with almost exclusively offshore flow from late November 1996 through late May 1997 and periods of onshore flow in October and November during the late stages of the 1996 Central American monsoon season. Superimposed on this low-frequency seasonal variation were events with characteristic timescales of a few days. Based on NSCAT data, the spatial and temporal evolution of major wind events is described in detail for three representative case studies. In December 1996, the jets developed sequentially from north to south, consistent with the notion that wind events in the two lower-latitude jets are associated with cold-air outbreaks that trigger the Tehuantepec jet a day or so earlier. In November 1996 and March 1997, the Papagayo and Panama jets were strongly influenced by tropical phenomena that had little apparent association with the Tehuantepec jet. These latter two case studies, together with the distinction between the statistical characteristics of the three jets, suggest that the Papagayo and Panama jets are predominantly controlled by a mechanism that is very different from the across-gap pressure gradients associated with high pressure systems of midlatitude origin that control the Tehuantepec jet.
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the metabolic syndrome in minority youth.

HSU, Y.-W., B. R. BELCHER, E. E. VENTURA, C. E. BYRD-WILLIAMS, M. J. WEIGENSBERG, J. N. DAVIS, A. D. MCCLAIN, M. I. GORAN, and D. SPRUIJT-METZ. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Minority Youth. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 12, pp. 2307–2313, 2011. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the associations among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Latino and African American youth using both subjective and objective measures of activity levels. Methods: Cross-sectional data from 105 participants from three pediatric obesity studies that share a core set of methods and measures (Latino 74%, female 75%, mean age = 13 T 3 yr) were used. Measures included moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior by accelerometry and 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR), fat and lean tissue mass by BodPodi, fasting glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and waist circumference. Associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and MetS were examined using ANCOVA, Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and logistic regressions with adjustments for age, sex, ethnicity, fat and lean mass, and pubertal Tanner stage. Results: Accelerometry data showed that greater time engaging in moderateto-vigorous physical activity was related to lower odds of the MetS (odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.25–0.98), independent of sedentary behavior and covariates, and inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = j0.21, P = 0.03) and systolic blood pressure (r = j0.25, P = 0.01), adjusting for covariates. Data from the 3DPAR showed that higher levels of sedentary behavior were related to higher odds of the MetS (odds ratio = 4.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.33–14.79), independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and covariates, negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = j0.21, P = 0.04) and positively correlated systolic blood pressure (r = 0.26, P = 0.009), adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: Future interventions aiming to improve metabolic health in youth should target both the promotion of physical activity and the reduction of sedentary behavior. Subjective and objective measures
Bayesian Approach to Proportional Odds Models for Survival Analysis

In this paper Bayesian approach is adopted to develop inferences about parameters in proportional odds models. Bayesian posterior intervals for coefficients in proportional odds models are derived by using approximation given in Pregibon (1981). The results are illustrated by using the lung cancer survival data reported by Prentice (1973).
External sector and income inequality in interdependent economies using a dynamic panel data approach

Abstract By using a panel of countries for 1960–1995 we show that the intensity of capital controls, the exchange rate, the type of exports, and the volume of trade appear to affect the long run distribution of income.
Phosphatidylethanolamine-Binding Protein Regulates Mu Opioid Receptor Induced βarrestin2 Recruitment and Downstream Signaling

The signaling regulators and pathways of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) are being studied to develop functionally selective MOR ligands. Such novel analgesic drugs may alleviate pain without the side...
Characteristics of impurity-dependent breakdown in helium dielectric barrier discharge jets

Multiple current pulses during breakdown (or so-called pseudoglow discharge1) in floating-electrode dielectric barrier discharge jets (DBD jets) were studied in this work. Industrial grade helium (purity 99.995 %) and the helium with impurity were employed for the DBD jet generation. Preliminary works used methyl methacrylate (MMA, ∼1800 ppm) as the added impurity. Based on the electrical characteristics, both the jets show the characteristics of multiple current pulses during breakdown but contained different numbers, widths, and sequencing of current pulses, as shown in Fig. 1. In the pure helium DBD jet, several relatively small pulses form a single broad current pulse per half-cycle, while with MMA several more widely separated current pulses occur. It was also seen that the number of the current pulses in the helium and helium/MMA DBD jets increases with the rising power.
Post-introduction economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Ecuador, Honduras, and Paraguay

OBJECTIVE:A decision-analytic model was constructed to evaluate the economic impact of post-introduction pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) programs in Ecuador, Honduras, and Paraguay from the societal perspective. METHODS: Hypothetical birth cohorts were followed for a 20-year period in each country. Estimates of disease burden, vaccine effectiveness, and health care costs were derived from primary and secondary data sources. Costs were expressed in 2014 US$. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of model input uncertainties. RESULTS: Over the 20 years of vaccine program implementation, the health care costs per case ranged from US$ 764 854 to more than US$ 1 million. Vaccination prevented more than 50% of pneumococcal cases and deaths per country. At a cost of US$ 16 per dose, the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for the 10-valent PCV (PCV10) and the 13-valet PCV (PCV13) ranged from US$ 796 (Honduras) to US$ 1 340 (Ecuador) and from US$ 691 (Honduras) to US$ 1 166 (Ecuador) respectively. At a reduced price (US$ 7 per dose), the cost per DALY averted ranged from US$ 327 (Honduras) to US$ 528 (Ecuador) and from US$ 281 (Honduras) to US$ 456 (Ecuador) for PCV10 and PCV13 respectively. Several model parameters influenced the results of the analysis, including vaccine price, vaccine efficacy, disease incidence, and costs. CONCLUSIONS: The economic impact of post-introduction PCV needs to be assessed in a context of uncertainty regarding changing antibiotic resistance, herd and serotype replacement effects, differential vaccine prices, and government budget constraints.
Abstract 5101: Acute inhibition of myostatin-family proteins preserves muscle in cancer cachexia

Cachexia, progressive loss of fat and muscle mass despite adequate nutrition, is a devastating complication of cancer associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality. Myostatin is a potent tonic muscle growth inhibitor. We tested how myostatin inhibition might influence cancer cachexia using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice. First, myostatin null mice were challenged with Lewis lung carcinoma or B16F10 melanoma. Although hypermuscular at baseline, myostatin null mice were more sensitive to tumor-induced cachexia, losing more absolute mass and proportionately more muscle mass than wild-type mice. Because myostatin null mice lack expression from development, however, we also sought to manipulate myostatin acutely. The histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A has been shown to increase muscle mass in normal and dystrophic mice by inducing the myostatin inhibitor, Follistatin. Although Trichostatin A administration induced muscle growth in normal mice, it failed to preserve muscle in colon-26 cancer cachexia. Finally we sought to inhibit myostatin and related ligands by administration of the Activin receptor extracellular domain/Fc fusion protein, ACVR2B-Fc, which inhibits myostatin activity and induces dramatic muscle growth in normal mice. Systemic administration of ACVR2B-Fc potently inhibited muscle wasting and protected adipose stores in both colon-26 and Lewis lung carcinoma cachexia, without affecting tumor growth. Enhanced cachexia in myostatin knockouts indicates that host-derived myostatin is not the sole mediator of muscle wasting in cancer. More importantly, skeletal muscle preservation with ACVR2B-Fc establishes that targeting myostatin family ligands using ACVR2B-Fc or related molecules is an important and potent therapeutic avenue in cancer cachexia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5101.
Insecticidal Efficacy on Insect Resistant Cottons

Frego bract increased insecticidal efficacy for control of Heliothis spp. Glahrousness and frego bract were additive for bollworm control because glabrousness reduced Heliothis egg numbers. Nectariless did not increase Heliothis spp. control when combined with glabrous frego bract or frego bract alone.
Voluntary Associations in France

tion requires taking account of the organizational structure; and (b) to ascertain changes in motivations and changes in organizational structure of necessity requires a longitudinal rather than the customary cross-sectional design. In terms of such a research perspective the oft-lamented problem of apathy may lend itself to further analysis. Case studies of voluntary associations undertaken within the proposed conceptual framework would probably yield cumulative and systematic knowledge about one of the most common forms of group behavior in modern industrial society.
Bounce harmonic Landau damping of plasma waves

We present measurements of bounce harmonic Landau damping due to z-variations in the plasma potential, created by an azimuthally symmetric “squeeze” voltage Vs applied to the cylindrical wall. Traditional Landau damping on spatially uniform plasma is weak in regimes where the wave phase velocity vph≡ω/k is large compared to the thermal velocity. However, z-variations in plasma density and potential create higher spatial harmonics, which enable resonant wave damping by particles with bounce-averaged velocities vph/n, where n is an integer. In our geometry, the applied squeeze predominantly generates a resonance at vph/3. Wave-coherent laser induced fluorescence measurements of particle velocities show a distinctive Landau damping signature at vph/3, with amplitude proportional to the applied Vs. The measured (small amplitude) wave damping is then proportional to Vs2, in quantitative agreement with theory over a range of 20 in temperature. Significant questions remain regarding “background” bounce harmonic ...
244 TOTAL PROTEIN AND ZINC CONTENT ARE INCREASED IN MILK OF PRETERM EWES.

Background Preterm human milk has higher protein and electrolyte content versus term human milk during the first 2 wk postpartum and may reflect increased needs for growth by preterm infants. In our lab, a lamb model of prematurity with prolonged assisted ventilation for 21 d is used to study chronic lung disease. Provision of adequate nutrients is needed to minimize potential confounding effects of poor nutrition on outcome variables. Protein and zinc (Zn) are nutrients of particular interest because they play an essential role in metabolism and organ growth and development. The protein and Zn content of preterm ewe milk, however, is unknown. Purpose To compare total protein and Zn content of preterm (PT) vs term (T) ewe milk, to test the hypothesis that preterm ewe milk has higher protein and Zn content. Design Milk samples were obtained q 4 h and pooled at 24 h intervals from d 1-21 postpartum from healthy ewes delivered preterm (131-133 d gestation) by cesarean section (n = 6). Aliquots of daily pooled samples were analyzed. Fat content was determined from fresh samples by the crematocrit technique. The remaining samples were frozen at -70°C until analysis. Total protein (g/dL) and Zn (mg/dL) values were determined at d 1-7, d 10, d 14, and d 21 by colorimetric assay. PT to T ewe milk reference values were analyzed by t-test. Results Mean total protein and Zn concentrations were greater in PT (() vs T (() ewe milk from d 1-21, with the largest differences observed from d 1-7 (p ≤ .05; Figures 1 and 2). Total fat content was lower in PT ewe milk on d 1 (3.1 ± 0.6 g/dL PT vs 5.6 ± 0.6 g/dL T, p = .001) but similar to T ewe milk thereafter (Figure 3). Conclusion Premature delivery alters the nutrient composition of ewe milk, as evidenced by a two- to three-fold greater concentration of total protein and Zn during the first 21 d of lactation, similar to the differences between human PT vs T milk, presumably to meet needs for growth and development of the preterm lambs. Supported by CHRC, HL62875, HL56401, T35 HL07744.
New acceleration technique for parallel FDTD simulation

To accelerate the simulation of parallel finite-difference time-domain(FDTD),this paper proposes a new numerical acceleration technique based on the streaming SIMD extensions(SSE),and gives an implementation on Intel T2300 platform,and then puts forward a three-level data parallel algorithm based on message passing interface(MPI),OpenMP and SSE.The numerical experiments for the electromagnetic radiation problems have demonstrated the high efficiency of this new technique,and can achieve an acceleration rate of 2.62.The result shows that this technique dramatically improves the computing efficiency without any extra hardware investment.
LobeFinder: A Convex Hull-Based Method for Quantitative Boundary Analyses of Lobed Plant Cells

Dicot leaves are composed of a heterogeneous mosaic of jigsaw puzzle piece-shaped pavement cells that vary greatly in size and the complexity of their shape. Given the importance of the epidermis and this particular cell type for leaf expansion, there is a strong need to understand how pavement cells morph from a simple polyhedral shape into highly lobed and interdigitated cells. At present, it is still unclear how and when the patterns of lobing are initiated in pavement cells, and one major technological bottleneck to addressing the problem is the lack of a robust and objective methodology to identify and track lobing events during the transition from simple cell geometry to lobed cells. We developed a convex hull-based algorithm termed LobeFinder to identify lobes, quantify geometric properties, and create a useful graphical output of cell coordinates for further analysis. The algorithm was validated against manually curated images of pavement cells of widely varying sizes and shapes. The ability to objectively count and detect new lobe initiation events provides an improved quantitative framework to analyze mutant phenotypes, detect symmetry-breaking events in time-lapse image data, and quantify the time-dependent correlation between cell shape change and intracellular factors that may play a role in the morphogenesis process.
Romancing the Capstone: The Jewel of Public Value

The Arizona State University (ASU) capstone course focuses on the creation of public value. This capstone course is based on the assumption that students enhance their competency for public service leadership if they learn to create public value through the triangulation of purpose, knowledge, and skills. Faculty and students engage in experientially based cooperative and collaborative learning situations, case analyses, exercises, and research projects to tie MPA experience together. This paper presents and assesses the goals and achievements of the capstone course. Building on the concepts of reflective practice, experiential learning, and professional development, we discuss the following topics: Why ASU moved to the capstone course; the experience of other top-ranked MPA programs; the theoretical foundations of the capstone experience; how the ASU course works; an interim assessment of the outcomes of the course; and lessons and suggestions. We find that this rite-ofpassage experience does alter student vision, competence, and commitment.
Imaging of photofragment angle-velocity distributions: the perpendicular Ã states of CH 3 I

A great deal of information regarding photodissociations is gained by measurements of the angular dependence and kinetic energy (velocity) of the photofragments,1 Elaborate techniques have been developed over the years to map out angle-velocity distributions. These techniques in some way or another derive this information indirectly and must apply mathematical transformations or inversions to obtain the true center-of-mass (c.m.) angle-velocity distributions.
Hip instability treated with arthroscopic capsular plication

Atraumatic microinstability of the hip is felt to be a cause of intra-articular pathology, particularly tears of the anterior labrum. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a consecutive series of patients with atraumatic hip microinstability that resulted in anterior labral and cartilage pathology, treated with hip arthroscopy and capsular plication without any associated bony procedures. Thirty-two patients underwent hip arthroscopy and suture capsular plication for the treatment of hip instability without concomitant bony resections of the acetabulum or proximal femur between November 2009 and November 2012 and were followed for a minimum of 12 months. Patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively and again at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively with the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and iHOT score in some patients (as this was introduced late in the study). Comparison was made evaluating centre-edge angle, Tonnis angle, physical examination findings, and demographics on outcome. There was significant improvement in the mean mHHS from 67 (SD = 8.7) to 97 (SD = 4.7) and iHOT score from 41 (SD = 18.3) to 85 (SD = 10.1) at final follow-up. When comparing patients with mild hip dysplasia to patients without hip dysplasia, there was no significant difference in clinical outcome at any point in follow-up. There was no significant association between patient age, duration of preoperative symptoms, previous ipsilateral hip arthroscopy, nature of onset of symptoms, centre-edge angle, Tonnis angle, or preoperative physical examination findings with clinical outcome at final follow-up. Isolated arthroscopic suture capsular plication performed for the treatment of hip instability resulted in improved patient pain and function at a minimum of 1-year follow-up.
Calcium and vitamin D reduced nonvertebral fractures and bone loss

Source Citation Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;...
Case 13—Are There Limits on Futile Care for Patients in the U.S. Illegally?

This case examines the complex issues in caring for a patient in the U.S. illegally who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. He was diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state, and proxy decision-making was complicated by his illegal immigration and marital status, and by his estranged relationship with his mother in Mexico.
An Increase In Expression Of Pyruvate Pi Dikinase Corresponds To Cold-Tolerant C4 Photosynthesis Of Miscanthus X Giganteus

Miscanthus x giganteus is exceptionalamong C4 plants in its ability to produce leaves and photosynthesize at low temperature. Understanding how this is achieved is critical to adapting other C4 crops like Z. mays to colder climates or allowing them to make use of solar radiation over a longer period of the year. Transgenic analysis of C4 plants has shown that two enzymes share control and are limiting to the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis: Rubisco and Pyruvate Pi Dikinase (PPDK). When maize and Miscanthus are transferred from 25°C to 14°C, both light-saturated photosynthetic rate and maximum quantum yield declined by 60–70% in both species in the first 48 h. In maize, it continued to decline in these existing leaves over the next 7 days, but recovered in Miscanthus. What changes underlie this difference? Within 48-h of the temperature transition the PPDK protein content transiently declined in Miscanthus but then steadily increased a few fold over the next days, while it declined in the maize leaves. Rubisco levels remained constant in Miscanthus, but declined in maize. Semi-quantitative PCR showed that the increase in PPDK protein in the Miscanthus leaves corresponded to a large increase in mRNA level for PPDK. In addition, the activation energy (Ea) of PPDK is lower in cold-grown than warmgrown Miscanthus, while it is opposite in maize. The results suggest that increase of PPDK and not Rubisco corresponds to the recovery of photosynthetic capacity during low temperature exposure of Miscanthus x giganteus.
Screening for Cervical Cancer and Management of Its Precursor Lesions

Cervical cytology screening of women has quite successfully led to secondary prevention of cervical cancer, primarily due to identification and treatment of cervical cancer precursors (IARC. Handbooks of cancer prevention, Cervix cancer screening, vol. 10. IARC Press, Lyon, 2005). Recently, much interest has been generated to improve the efficiency of cervical cancer screening initiatives. One can presume with rising healthcare costs, liquid-based cytology availability, and a growing population, current costs are high. Another reason to change screening programs was the realization that over-screening was potentially causing psychological and physical harm.
Referring strategies in American Sign Language and English (with co-speech gesture): The role of modality in referring to non-nameable objects.

American Sign Language (ASL) and English differ in linguistic resources available to express visual–spatial information. In a referential communication task, we examined the effect of language modality on the creation and mutual acceptance of reference to non-nameable figures. In both languages, description times reduced over iterations and references to the figures’ geometric properties (“shape-based reference”) declined over time in favor of expressions describing the figures’ resemblance to nameable objects (“analogy-based reference”). ASL signers maintained a preference for shape-based reference until the final (sixth) round, while English speakers transitioned toward analogy-based reference by Round 3. Analogy-based references were more time efficient (associated with shorter round description times). Round completion times were longer for ASL than for English, possibly due to gaze demands of the task and/or to more shape-based descriptions. Signers’ referring expressions remained unaffected by figure complexity while speakers preferred analogy-based expressions for complex figures and shape-based expressions for simple figures. Like speech, co-speech gestures decreased over iterations. Gestures primarily accompanied shape-based references, but listeners rarely looked at these gestures, suggesting that they were recruited to aid the speaker rather than the addressee. Overall, different linguistic resources (classifier constructions vs. geometric vocabulary) imposed distinct demands on referring strategies in ASL and English.
What I learned from teaching

When I started my Ph.D. program, 3 years ago, I was excited to conduct cutting-edge research. But I wasn't so sure about the teaching that I would have to do every semester to fund my education. I saw it as a waste of time and energy that I could otherwise spend in the lab. The stereotype of the
Adapting management to a changing world: Warm temperatures, dry soil, and interannual variability limit restoration success of a dominant woody shrub in temperate drylands.

Restoration and rehabilitation of native vegetation in dryland ecosystems, which encompass over 40% of terrestrial ecosystems, is a common challenge that continues to grow as wildfire and biological invasions transform dryland plant communities. The difficulty in part stems from low and variable precipitation, combined with limited understanding about how weather conditions influence restoration outcomes, and increasing recognition that one-time seeding approaches can fail if they do not occur during appropriate plant establishment conditions. The sagebrush biome, which once covered over 620,000 km2 of western North America, is a prime example of a pressing dryland restoration challenge for which restoration success has been variable. We analyzed field data on Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) restoration collected at 771 plots in 177 wildfire sites across its western range, and used process-based ecohydrological modeling to identify factors leading to its establishment. Our results indicate big sagebrush occurrence is most strongly associated with relatively cool temperatures and wet soils in the first spring after seeding. In particular, the amount of winter snowpack, but not total precipitation, helped explain the availability of spring soil moisture and restoration success. We also find considerable interannual variability in the probability of sagebrush establishment. Adaptive management strategies that target seeding during cool, wet years or mitigate effects of variability through repeated seeding may improve the likelihood of successful restoration in dryland ecosystems. Given consistent projections of increasing temperatures, declining snowpack, and increasing weather variability throughout midlatitude drylands, weather-centric adaptive management approaches to restoration will be increasingly important for dryland restoration success.