cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinated patterns of gene expressions for adult muscle build-up in transgenic mice expressing myostatin propeptide.

Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance are essential for human health. One of the muscle regulatory genes, namely myostatin, a member of transforming growth factor-β, plays a dominant role in the genetic control of muscle mass. Myostatin is synthesized as a precursor protein, which generates the N-terminal propeptide and the C-terminal mature myostatin peptide by a post-translational cleavage event. Previously, transgenic over-expression of myostatin propeptide in skeletal muscle results in significant muscle growth in early stages of development. The objectives of present study were to further characterize muscle growth in later stages of life and to identify genes and their expression patterns that are responsible for adult muscle build-up by myostatin propeptide. Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody to the N-terminus indicates a high level of myostatin propeptide present in the muscles of transgenic mice while there were no apparent differences in myostatin protein distribution in the muscle fibers between the transgenic and wild-type mice. Main individual muscles increased by 76–152% in the transgenic mice over their wild-type littermate mice at 12 months of age. A large number of nuclei were localized in the central and basal lamina of the myofibers in the transgenic mice as the number of nuclei per fiber and 100 μm2 area was significantly higher in transgenic mice than wild-type mice. By systemic comparisons of global mRNA expression patterns between transgenic mice and wild-type littermates using microarray and qRT-PCR techniques, we have identified distinct gene expression patterns to support adult muscle build-up by myostatin propeptide, which are comprised of enhanced expressions of myogenic regulatory factors and extracelullar matrix components, and differentially down-regulated expressions of genes related to protein degradation and mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The results present a coordinated pattern of gene expressions for reduced energy utilization during muscle build-up in adult stage. Enhanced muscle buildup by myostatin propeptide is sustained by reduced ATP synthesis as a result of a decreased activity of protein degradation. Myostatin propeptide may have a therapeutic application to the treatment of clinical muscle wasting problems by depressing myostatin activity.
Structure of the Vertex Function

An integral representation as a function of invariants is found for the Fourier transform of the matrix element between the vacuum and a one-particle state of the retarded commutator of two currents. A special case is a spectral representation for the vertex as a function of momentum transfer. The threshold in this representation is lower than that found in the usual perturbation theory.
Fire from Heaven

When heat is reported in connection with the fall of any ordinary meteorite, it is always found that the alleged meteorite is not a meteorite at all, but rather a “meteorong”!
A Discussion on volcanism and the structure of the Earth - Silica saturation in cenozoic basalt

Cenozoic basalts are conspicuously either over- or undersaturated with respect to silica. Undersaturated basalts are strongly dominant in the mediterranean areas and in oceanic islands other than Hawaii. Oversaturated basalts are strongly dominant in Hawaii and throughout the circumoceanic environment. Both over- and undersaturated basalts are abundant on the continents. Silica-saturated basalts are dominant only in the submarine ridges, where fresh representatives of either of the other saturation types are still unknown. Experimental work suggests that initial or early melting fractions of basalts or their plutonic equivalents or precursors would usually be either over- or undersaturated regardless of the saturation state of the starting material. The bimodal distribution of silica saturation in Cenozoic basalts is thus compatible with, and provides little basis for preference among, a variety of Earth models in which basaltic lavas are presumed to be early melting fractions of pre-existing solid materials.
Treatment of classic pityriasis rubra pilaris.

Background: Treatment of classic pityriasis rubra pilaris, which almost always progresses to a generalized erythroderma with marked, often disabling keratoderma of the palms and soles, remains problematic. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the results of treatment in a recent period during which the retinoid group of drugs has been available. Methods: The clinical course of 75 patients with classic pityriasis rubra pilaris seen from 1982 to 1992 was reviewed. Results: Of 15 patients treated with isotretinoin, 10 had complete and 2 had partial clearing. Of six treated with etretinate, four had clearing. All eight patients treated with methotrexate had a favorable response. Other forms of treatment, including Goeckerman regimen, corticosteroids, vitamin A, and cyclosporine, were ineffective. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and early treatment with retinoids appear to offer the best chance for clearing of pityriasis rubra pilaris. If retinoids fail or cannot be used, methotrexate should be considered.
Diffuse Versus Directional Brightness Measurement Comparison for Paper

Despite claims of a paperless society, worldwide paper consumption is expected to grow 50 % by 2010 (World Resources Report 1998–99, “Environmental Change and Human Health,” published by Oxford University Press, New York, for the Wold Resources Institute, ISSN 0-19-521-408-0). As markets become more closely connected, through globalization of industrial supply, the need for standardization is greater than before. The paper industry has established standards for identifying the quality of paper. However, in terms of paper brightness, which is one of the main characteristics used to determine a paper’s price and quality, there is often uncertainty about which standard to follow. This is due to the fact that currently there are two geometrically different methods for testing the brightness of paper: ISO and TAPPI. The differing brightness values can misinform consumers. This report tests both methods and finds a linear relationship that can be used to convert between the two standards.
Image Decomposition by Data Dependent Systems

This paper presents a new digital image processing approach called image decomposition. This approach is based on a recently developed system modeling, prediction, and analysis methodology called Data Dependent Systems (DDS). DDS is an innovative approach to the application and interpretation of the well known stochastic Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models. The Green’s function form of these models provides a modal decomposition of the image data with boundary features captured in the model residuals and regional feature dynamics captured by the components of the Green’s function. This approach is unique in that it provides a method for image representation and scene identification which is not dependent on geometric descriptions.
XPC is essential for nucleotide excision repair of zidovudine-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cells

Zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-dexoythymidine, AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, can be incorporated into DNA and cause DNA damage. The mechanisms underlying the repair of AZT-induced DNA damage are unknown. To investigate the pathways involved in the recognition and repair of AZT-induced DNA damage, human hepatoma HepG2 cells were incubated with AZT for 2 weeks and the expression of DNA damage signaling pathways was determined using a pathway-based real-time PCR array. Compared to control cultures, damaged DNA binding and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways showed significantly increased gene expression. Further analysis indicated that AZT treatment increased the expression of genes associated with NER, including XPC, XPA, RPA1, GTF2H1, and ERCC1. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein levels of XPC and GTF2H1 were also significantly up-regulated. To explore further the function of XPC in the repair of AZT-induced DNA damage, XPC expression was stably knocked down by 71% using short hairpin RNA interference. In the XPC knocked-down cells, 100 μM AZT treatment significantly increased [³H]AZT incorporation into DNA, decreased the total number of viable cells, increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase, induced apoptosis, and caused a more extensive G2/M cell cycle arrest when compared to non-transfected HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells transfected with a scrambled short hairpin RNA sequence. Overall, these data indicate that XPC plays an essential role in the NER repair of AZT-induced DNA damage.
The SLE transcriptome exhibits evidence of chronic endotoxin exposure and has widespread dysregulation of non-coding and coding RNAs.

Background Gene expression studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have demonstrated a type I interferon signature and increased expression of inflammatory cytokine genes. Studies of patients with Aicardi Goutieres syndrome, commonly cited as a single gene model for SLE, have suggested that accumulation of non-coding RNAs may drive some of the pathologic gene expression, however, no RNA sequencing studies of SLE patients have been performed. This study was designed to define altered expression of coding and non-coding RNAs and to detect globally altered RNA processing in SLE.
A New Benzodioxan Derivative With Adrenergic Blocking Activity*: 2-(N,N-diallylcarbamylmethyl)aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxan

The compound 2-(N,N-diallylcarbamylmethyl) aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxan (A-2275), selected for evaluation from a series of new benzodioxan derivatives, produced moderate but rather transient reduction of blood pressure in anesthetized normotensive dogs and unanesthetized hypertensive rats. Its adrenergic blocking activity was less, and its direct vasoconstrictor effect was greater than that exhibited by piperoxan hydrochloride. Compound A-2275 possessed low acute toxicity and provided moderate protection against the lethal effects of epinephrine in mice.
Variation in behavioral and hormonal responses of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) to crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Intensive study of arboreal forest-dwelling primates and their predators in Africa is increasingly revealing that crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) are major predators of primates. Gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) are overrepresented in the diets of crowned eagles in Kibale National Park, Uganda, and adult male mangabeys are represented more than females. We focused on the behavior of adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys living in social groups in Kibale National Park (1) to clarify the interactions between mangabeys and eagles that might put adult males at greater risk and (2) to better understand individual variation in behavioral responses to predators. Adult male mangabeys in five groups responded to observer-confirmed presence of crowned eagles 88 times over a 13-month period. While all males gave alarm calls, only the highest-ranking male in each of four groups chased eagles. These males had elevated levels of fecal cortisol metabolites in the days immediately after they engaged in active defense, suggesting that they perceived such behavior as risky. In the one group where male ranks were unstable and there were no infants, no male was observed to chase eagles. We suggest that males pursue the dangerous tactic of chasing eagles only when they are likely to have offspring in the group. Males in larger groups also spent less time alarm calling to crowned eagles (from first to last call in a group), and our observations confirmed that the duration of their alarm calls was related to eagle presence. Thus, eagles spent less time around larger mangabey groups. Alarm calling by adult male mangabeys may signal to this ambush predator that it has been detected and should move on.
Impact of a Camp Experience on Phenylalanine Levels, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Health Beliefs Relevant to Nutrition Management of Phenylketonuria in Adolescent Girls

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an education intervention in a summer camp setting on knowledge, attitudes, and health beliefs regarding metabolic control of phenylketonuria and dietary compliance. Design An observational study of a weeklong metabolic camp for adolescent girls with phenylketonuria (PKU) who were followed up over the course of 1 year. Observations also were made in 3 subsequent years of camp. Intervention The camp experience consisted of diet and disease education, sessions on reproductive development, and recreation. Group discussions on attitudes and perceptions about PKU related to dietary compliance were held with nutritionists and a pediatric psychologist. Outcome measures Biochemical and psychological data were collected on the first and last days of the camp to assess short-term effects of the intervention, then at quarterly intervals during the year to determine the long-term impact of the camp. Precamp and Postcamp plasma amino acid data for the subsequent 3 years were also collected. Subjects/setting Analyses were based on 13 adolescent girls with PKU in the first year of a camp at Emory University in Atlanta, Ga, and compared with data from 11 additional campers enrolled the second year, 8 in the third year, and 7 in the fourth year. Mean age±standard deviation of first-year campers was 13±2 years, mean IQ±standard deviation was 98±16, and 9 of 13 girls had menstruated. Statistical analyses performed Short-term effects of the intervention were computed by comparing mean levels of response from the baseline period to those from the last day of camp using t tests for dependent samples. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the long-term effects of the camp experience over the course of a year at regular quarterly intervals. Results Short-term effects of the education intervention were significant reductions in dietary phenylalanine intake, plasma phenylalanine levels, and perceived isolation. However, these effects progressively returned to baseline levels over the course of a year. The significant short- and long-term effects of increased knowledge of diet and disease persisted throughout the study period. Applications/conclusions Short-term effects of the education intervention resulted in improved metabolic control associated with improved attitudes, increased knowledge of diet and disease, increased perceived support, and decreased barriers to dietary compliance in a camp setting. J Am Diet Assoc. 2000;100:797-803.
Parallel structures for efficient and reliable general purpose computing

A general-purpose parallel processing structure has been prototyped facilitating an any-to-any intercommunication network for interconnecting up to 64 general-purpose processors and their memories, based on a high-speed crosspoint switch. This prototype is used for real problem processing as well as for further application software development. A short description is presented of the hardware and software implementation of this IBM-CERN parallel processing prototype. >
Internalizing Symptoms: Effects of a Preventive Intervention on Developmental Pathways from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood

This study examined the mediated and moderated effects of a universal family-focused preventive intervention, delivered during young adolescence, on internalizing symptoms assessed in young adulthood. Sixth grade students (N = 446; 52% female; 98% White) and their families from 22 rural Midwestern school districts were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions in 1993. Self-report questionnaires were administered at seven time points (pre-test to young adulthood—age 21) to those receiving the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP) and to the control group. Results showed that growth factors of adolescent internalizing symptoms (grades 6–12) were predicted by ISFP condition and risk status (defined as early substance initiation). Moderation of the condition effect by risk status was found, with higher-risk adolescents benefitting more from the ISFP. Results also supported the hypothesis that the ISFP’s effect on internalizing symptoms in young adulthood was mediated through growth factors of adolescents’ internalizing symptoms; risk moderation, however, was only marginally significant in young adulthood. The relative reduction rate on clinical or subclinical levels of young adult internalizing symptoms was 28%, indicating that for every 100 young adults displaying clinical or subclinical levels of internalizing symptoms from school districts not offering an intervention, there could be as few as 72 displaying those levels of symptoms in school districts that offered middle school prevention programming. These findings highlight how the positive effects of family-focused universal interventions can extend to non-targeted outcomes and the related potential public-health impact of scaling up these interventions.
Hardware-enhanced distributed access enforcement for role-based access control

The protection of information in enterprise and cloud platforms is growing more important and complex with increasing numbers of users who need to access resources with distinct permissions. Role-based access control (RBAC) eases administrative complexity for large-scale access control, while a client-server model can ease performance bottlenecks by distributing access enforcement across multiple servers that consult the centralized access decision policy server as needed. In this paper, we propose a new approach to access enforcement using an existing associative array hardware data structure (HWDS) to cache authorizations in a distributed system using RBAC. This HWDS approach uses hardware that has previous been demonstrated as useful for several application domains including access control, network packet routing, and generic comparison-based integer search algorithms. We reproduce experiments from prior work on distributed access enforcement for RBAC systems, and we design and conduct new experiments to evaluate HWDS-based access enforcement. Experimental data show the HWDS cuts session initiation time by about a third compared to existing solutions, while achieving similar performance to authorize access requests. These results suggest that distributed systems using RBAC could use HWDS-based access enforcement to increase session throughput or to decrease the number of access enforcement servers without losing performance.
Surface haptics: Virtual touch on physical surfaces

The touch screen is the preeminent human-computer interface of our times. With the benefit of market pull, touch input technologies (e.g., projected capacitance and multi-touch) are rapidly advancing. But what about touch output? In this talk, I'll discuss “surface haptics”: programmable haptic interaction for physical surfaces such as touch screens and touch pads. Four main approaches - vibration, shape, electrotactile, and shear force - will be reviewed, but emphasis will be given to shear force because it is uniquely suited to bilateral (e.g., force feedback) interaction. I'll explain how shear force can be controlled by manipulating friction. Specific approaches to controlling coefficient of friction (µ), normal force (N), and relative velocity (Δv), will be reviewed, and I'll describe a variety of devices - the TPaD, ShiverPaD, SwirlPaD, and ActivePaD - that have been developed in our lab to exploit these effects. I'll share some recent experimental results, and close with some speculation on the future of surface haptics.
The Moral Roots of Environmental Attitudes

Americans' attitudes about the environment are highly polarized, but it is unclear why this is the case. We conducted five studies to examine this issue. Studies 1a and 1b demonstrated that liberals, but not conservatives, view the environment in moral terms and that this tendency partially explains the relation between political ideology and environmental attitudes. Content analyses of newspaper op-eds (Study 2a) and public-service announcements (Study 2b) found that contemporary environmental discourse is based largely on moral concerns related to harm and care, which are more deeply held by liberals than by conservatives. However, we found that reframing proenvironmental rhetoric in terms of purity, a moral value resonating primarily among conservatives, largely eliminated the difference between liberals' and conservatives' environmental attitudes (Study 3). These results establish the importance of moralization as a cause of polarization on environmental attitudes and suggest that reframing environmental discourse in different moral terms can reduce the gap between liberals and conservatives in environmental concern.
Loss of faster-cycling soil carbon pools following grass invasion across multiple forest sites

It is established that invasive plant species can alter soil carbon cycling, although data are rare for late successional ecosystems. We examined effects of a grass invader (Microstegium vimineum) on soil carbon across eight sites in southeastern U.S. forests to establish which factors are related to these effects, by coupling isotopic and soil carbon fractionation approaches. Invasion was associated with declines in mass of faster-cycling, particulate organic matter (POM) carbon pools. This led to a significant decline (11% on average) in native-derived carbon in the surface 10 cm of the soil profile. Formation of soil carbon from the invader-derived inputs partially mitigated these losses (total carbon loss 6% on average). Our data suggest that Microstegium invasion of forest understories may accelerate carbon cycling and could result in a net loss of soil carbon from eastern U.S. forests.
Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions

Suppose a city’s traffic engineering department monitors a certain intersection during a 1-h period in the middle of the day. Many characteristics might be of interest to the observers, including the number of vehicles that enter the intersection, the largest number of vehicles in the left turn lane during a signal cycle, the speed of the fastest vehicle going through the intersection, the average speed of all vehicles entering the intersection. The value of each one of the foregoing variable quantities is subject to uncertainty—we don’t know a priori how many vehicles will enter, what the maximum speed will be, etc. So each of these is referred to as a random variable—a variable quantity whose value is determined by what happens in a chance experiment.
The Promise and Peril of Organizational Neuroscience: Today and Tomorrow

In this short response, we extend Lindebaum’s ethical analysis of organizational neuroscience. We do so in three ways. First, we examine the contemporary technical state of modern neuroscientific tools. Second, we consider the ethical implications of future investigations, including the possibility that neuroscience could enrich and otherwise improve peoples’ lives. Finally, we argue for a more open ethical dialogue—not only one that includes those who might be harmed by neuroscientific interventions but also one that does not neglect those who can be legitimately benefited.
Challenges in the design of crop revenue insurance

Purpose – The federal crop insurance program has become the cornerstone of US agricultural policy. Since its introduction in the mid-1990s, crop revenue insurance has grown in prominence and now represents nearly 90 percent of liability for major crops. The pricing and design of revenue insurance raises a number of important challenges. The 2014 Farm Bill brought about several important changes in the program, resulting in a moving target for analysts and researchers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The risks are of a multivariate nature and are likely to be highly dependent on one another. The crop insurance setting is also constantly changing, with technological changes in production practices and highly volatile commodity prices. Compounding these challenges is the fact that US policymakers continually change the program. Findings – The program has indeed undergone many changes and a number of important research questions need to be addressed. Originality/value – O...
Family involvement in residential long-term care: A synthesis and critical review

The objective of this review is to critically synthesize the existing literature on family involvement in residential long-term care. Studies that examined family involvement in various long-term care venues were identified through extensive searches of the literature. Future research and practice must consider the complexity of family structure, adopt longitudinal designs, provide direct empirical links between family involvement and resident outcomes, and offer rigorous evaluation of interventions in order to refine the literature.
Religion and socioeconomic status in developing nations: A comparative approach:

The author shows that religious affiliation is associated with socioeconomic status, but it is not clear how this relationship varies by national context. He examines religious group differences in...
Metrics from nonlinear dynamics adapted for characterizing the behavior of nonequilibrium enzymatic rate functions

Several metrics from nonlinear dynamics and statistical mechanics have been characterized on computer-generated number series with various signal-to-noise ratios, demonstrating their individual reliability as a function of sample size and their relationships to each other. The root mean square (RMS) evaluates amplitude, and the power spectral density (PSD) provides a visual display of the frequency spectrum; both measures have very high reliability even for an N as low as 50. The Fractal Dimension (D) is shown to converge rapidly and also to be reliable when N is as low as 50. These three measures (RMS, PSD, and D) have been applied to the complex kinetics of tyrosine hydroxylase time courses (50-point curves) at various BH4 concentrations (near physiological, but far from equilibrium levels). Recently developed measures of spectral emtropy and the Liapunov Exponent, λ are also characterized.
Stoichiometry and ion dependencies of the intracellular-pH-regulating mechanism in squid giant axons.

The ion transport system responsible for intracellular pH (pHi) regulation in squid giant axons was examined in experiments with pH-sensitive microelectrodes and isotopic fluxes of Na+ and Cl-. In one study, axons were acid-loaded and the rate of the subsequent pHi recovery was used to calculate the acid extrusion rate. There was an absolute dependence of acid extrusion on external Na+, external HCO-3 (at constant pH), and internal Cl-. Furthermore, the dependence of the acid extrusion rate on each of these three parameters was described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Acid extrusion was stimulated by an acid pHi, required internal ATP, and was blocked by external 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS). Under a standard set of conditions (i.e., [HCO-3]o = 12 mM, pHo = 8.00, [Na+]o = 425 mM, [Cl-]i = 150 mM, [ATP]i = 4 mM, pHi = 6.5, and 16 degrees C), the mean acid extrusion rate was 7.5 pmol X cm-2 X s-1. In a second study under the above standard conditions, the unidirectional Na+ efflux (measured with 22Na) mediated by the pHi-regulating system was found to be approximately 0, whereas the mean influx was about 3.4 pmol X cm-2 X s-1. This net influx required external HCO-3, internal Cl-, and acid pHi, internal ATP, and was blocked by SITS. In the final series of experiments under the above standard conditions, the unidirectional Cl- influx (measured with 36Cl) mediated by the pHi-regulating system was found to be approximately 0, whereas the mean efflux was approximately 3.9 pmol X cm-2 X s-1. This net efflux required external HCO-3, external Na+, an acid pHi, internal ATP, and was blocked by SITS. We conclude that the pHi-regulating system mediates the obligate net influx of HCO-3 (or equivalent species) and Na+ and the net efflux of Cl- in the stoichiometry of 2:1:1. The transport system is stimulated by intracellular acid loads, requires ATP, and is blocked by SITS.
Tundra Fire and Vegetation Change along a Hillslope on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, U.S.A.

Abstract A 1977 tundra fire burned a hillslope where prefire soils and vegetation ranged from poorly drained moist tussock-shrub tundra on the lower slopes to well-drained dwarf shrub tundra on the back slope and very poorly drained wet sedge meadow on the flat crest. We sampled the vegetation on this slope before the fire and at 8 sites following the fire at irregular intervals from 1 yr to 25 yr. During the first decade after the fire, short-term recovery was dominated by bryophytes, sedges, and grasses from both regrowing sedge tussocks and seedlings. However, during the second and third decade, and by 24 yr after the fire, evergreen (Ledum palustre) and deciduous shrubs (mainly Salix pulchra willow) expanded dramatically so that shrub cover was generally higher than before the fire. Labrador tea has increased by vegetative means on the poorly drained lowest 3 tussock-shrub tundra sites. Upslope on the better-drained and more severely burned tussock-shrub and dwarf shrub tundra sites, willows became es...
Phage Display as a Strategy for Designing Organic/Inorganic Biomaterials

To extend and optimize the performance of biomaterials, better control of biofunctionality is needed. In this chapter, we focus on the integration of peptides into biomaterials as a strategy for providing a biomaterial with greater ability to control subsequent protein, cell, and tissue responses. The focus of this chapter is on phage display, a high-throughput selection technique used to identify peptides that have preferential affinity to a specific material or cell type. The use of phage display provides a genetic engineering platform for designing new materials at the nanoscale. The basics of the phage display technique are presented, and postprocessing approaches to analyze the combinatorial data derived from phage display are discussed. Specific examples of the use of phage display with calcium phosphate biomaterials are presented, as are examples from the use of phage display to define amino acid sequences that preferentially bind to specific cell types. Data from multiple phage pannings can be used to create dual-functioning peptides that serve as linkers between the organic and inorganic worlds.
A Bibliography of the Milky Disease Bacteria (Bacillus spp.) Associated with the Japanese Beetle, Popillia japonica and Closely Related Scarabaeidae

Several events have sparked interest in milky disease bacteria (Bacillus popilliae Dutky and Bacillus lentimorbus Dutky) in the past year: (1) The application submitted by the USDA to the Environmental Protection Agency requesting exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for the milky disease used on pastures; (2) concern about the effectiveness of milky disease in Connecticut; (3) the question about the placement of B. popilliae and B. lentimorbus in the genus Clostridium rather than Bacillus,. and (4) the fact that milky disease is likely to become the only persistent material available for control of larvae of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica Newman.
High-Performance E-Band Transceiver Chipset for Point-to-Point Communication in SiGe BiCMOS Technology

Two fully integrated chipsets covering the entire E-band frequency range, 71–76/81–86 GHz, have been demonstrated. These designs, which were implemented in 0.13- $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ SiGe BiCMOS technology, use a sliding IF superheterodyne architecture. The receiver (Rx) chips include an image-reject low-noise amplifier, RF-to-IF mixer, variable gain IF amplifier (IF VGA), quadrature IF-to-baseband (BB) de-modulator, tunable BB filter, phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer, and a frequency quadrupler. At room temperature the Rx chips achieve a maximum gain of 73 dB, 6-dB noise figure, better than $-{\hbox{12-dBm}}$ input third-order intercept point, more than 65-dB dynamic range, and consume 600 mW for lower band (LB) (71–76 GHz) and higher band (HB) (81–86 GHz) alike. The transmitter (Tx) chips include a power amplifier, image reject driver, variable RF attenuators, power detector, IF-to-RF up-converting mixer, IF VGA, quadrature BB-to-IF modulator, PLL, and a frequency multiplier. The Tx chips achieve a power 1-dB compression point (P1dB) of 17.5/16.6 dBm, saturated power (Psat) of 20.5/18.8 dBm on a single-ended output, up to 39-dB gain with an analog controlled dynamic range of 30 dB, and consumes 1.75/1.8 W for the LB and HB, respectively. This state-of-the-art performance enables the usage of complex modulations and high-capacity transmission.
Inpatient Utilization and Costs for Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries with Heart Failure

Background Although the medical and economic burden of heart failure in the United States is already substantial, it will likely grow as the population ages and life expectancy increases. Not surprisingly, most of the heart failure burden is borne by individuals aged ≥65 years, many of whom are in the Medicare population. The population-based utilization and costs of inpatient care for Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure are not well understood by payers and providers.
Studies on Preparations of Fire Fighting and Rescue for Large Oil Tank

The fire risk of large oil tank was analyzed based on the large fire cases occurred on last years,and the difficulties for fire fighting and rescue were also discussed.Some strategies on preparations of fire fighting for large oil tank were proposed in this paper.
Horror at the ridges: engagement with an AR horror story

The year is 1900 and you are here to report on the advances being made in medicine for the clinically insane. The newly opened Athens Lunatic Asylum is touted as a gem of innovation in both architectural design and care for the ill. You think, 'This is a place that the sick can get a little air and let nature heal as it should'. It's beautiful indeed, but there is something else that unsettles you here. Perhaps it was just the long ride in the train. We designed the game Horror at the Ridges to build horror through an augmented reality (AR) experience. As part of a series of games we are building around established genres of entertainment, Horror at the Ridges explores how a mobile game can draw an emotional reaction from its players. We drew from the conventions of horror movies, novels, and past AR games to successfully build anxiety, create imagined narrative outcomes, and even scare players. Through a conscious attempt to develop an engaging story through AR, Horror at the Ridges also seeks to expand our thinking about informal learning design. In this chapter we provide a brief discussion of engagement and horror media, outline some of our design considerations for using AR games to produce an engaging horror story, and discuss qualitative findings from our playtests. Player reaction was a central part of our iterative design process and analysis, so through our observations and reports from our players we gain a glimpse of players' engagement with the narrative we created. We conclude that an AR game--through the unique constraints and advantages of mobile media technology--can effectively build the emotional states necessary for engaging narratives.
Activation of Wnt Signaling by Mechanical Loading Is Impaired in the Bone of Old Mice

Aging diminishes bone formation engendered by mechanical loads, but the mechanism for this impairment remains unclear. Because Wnt signaling is required for optimal loading-induced bone formation, we hypothesized that aging impairs the load-induced activation of Wnt signaling. We analyzed dynamic histomorphometry of 5-month-old, 12-month-old, and 22-month-old C57Bl/6JN mice subjected to multiple days of tibial compression and corroborated an age-related decline in the periosteal loading response on day 5. Similarly, 1 day of loading increased periosteal and endocortical bone formation in young-adult (5-month-old) mice, but old (22-month-old) mice were unresponsive. These findings corroborated mRNA expression of genes related to bone formation and the Wnt pathway in tibias after loading. Multiple bouts (3 to 5 days) of loading upregulated bone formation-related genes, e.g., Osx and Col1a1, but older mice were significantly less responsive. Expression of Wnt negative regulators, Sost and Dkk1, was suppressed with a single day of loading in all mice, but suppression was sustained only in young-adult mice. Moreover, multiple days of loading repeatedly suppressed Sost and Dkk1 in young-adult, but not in old tibias. The age-dependent response to loading was further assessed by osteocyte staining for Sclerostin and LacZ in tibia of TOPGAL mice. After 1 day of loading, fewer osteocytes were Sclerostin-positive and, corroboratively, more osteocytes were LacZ-positive (Wnt active) in both 5-month-old and 12-month-old mice. However, although these changes were sustained after multiple days of loading in 5-month-old mice, they were not sustained in 12-month-old mice. Last, Wnt1 and Wnt7b were the most load-responsive of the 19 Wnt ligands. However, 4 hours after a single bout of loading, although their expression was upregulated threefold to 10-fold in young-adult mice, it was not altered in old mice. In conclusion, the reduced bone formation response of aged mice to loading may be due to failure to sustain Wnt activity with repeated loading. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A Political-Economic History of the U.S.

This opening chapter reviews many of the important factors that brought about the capitalist economic system that developed in the U.S. It then provides a view of economic evolution, and covers important policy and economic developments that shaped American society. The history is contextualized by seeing the economy evolve through several industrial eras and eras noted for the development of important economic institutions. The particular problems and ideologies of these eras are described. Major reform eras are followed by a modern period of reaction that is attempting to reverse the reforms. This modern period is one of division between conservatives and progressives over economic distribution and the social hierarchy. The chapter ends by examining some recent research on economic performance, politics, policy, and inequality.
A Nimble Working Memory

In this issue of Neuron, Sprague et al. (2016) report fMRI evidence that a degraded working memory representation can be restored by a later cue. The findings raise new questions about the neural mechanisms that underlie such dynamic representational shifts.
Multi-period AC-QP optimal power flow including storage

There is an increasing need for integrating renewable generation sources into electricity networks. To take advantage of the economic and environmental benefits offered by renewable sources, storage devices are important to mitigate their inherent variability. However, the physical properties of storage devices require operation to be optimized over a finite horizon. This paper provides a multi-period optimal power flow (OPF) formulation including both wind generation and energy storage that is based on a traditional AC-Quadratic Program (AC-QP) OPF solution method. Test cases are provided to demonstrate the economic benefits of the multi-period OPF solution. The sensitivity of the cost of operation and scheduled storage charging pattern to the length of the multi-period OPF horizon chosen is assessed. Additionally, the computation time for various OPF horizons is also examined. Finally, the effect of forecast errors on the choice of OPF horizon is investigated.
Seasons of Change: Labor, Treaty Rights, and Ojibwe Nationhood/My Grandfather's Knocking Sticks: Ojibwe Family Life and Labor on the Reservation

Review of: Seasons of Change: Labor, Treaty Rights, and Ojibwe Nation-hood, by Chantel Norrgard; and My Grandfather’s Knocking Sticks: Ojibwe Family Life and Labor on the Reservation, by Brenda J. Child.
CRT-100.24 Impella Versus Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Our goal is to check safety and efficacy of Impella (pLVAD) versus intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in the management of these patients. Data was prospectively
Polarization Observables in Double Pion Photo-Production with Circularly Polarized Photons off Transversely Polarized Protons

Double-pion photo-production represents one of the strongest contributions to the photonucleon total cross-section at high energies, and thus it plays an important role in probing the nucleon resonance spectrum. The polarization observables are useful because of the additional sensitivity they provide in unraveling the reaction dynamics, and so the goal of this study is to extract the specific polarization observables $$I^{\odot }$$ , $$P_{x}$$ , $$P_{y}$$ , $$P^{\odot }_{x}$$ , $$P^{\odot }_{y}$$ , for the $$\gamma p \rightarrow p \pi ^{+} \pi ^{-}$$ reaction. The data were taken as a part of the CLAS g9b (FROST) experiment at Jefferson Laboratory, which used a transversely-polarized target and a circularly-polarized photon beam with energies up to 3 GeV. The data will help deepen the current knowledge of resonance photocouplings and hadronic decays and possibly assist in identifying new baryon resonances via partial-wave analyses and in this way will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the strong interaction.
Archaeology and Social Geography in the Sunlight Basin, Wyoming

Painter Cave (48PA3288) is a dry rockshelter in the foothills of the Absaroka Mountains of northwestern Wyoming that has deeply stratified deposits. Archaeological materials were disturbed several decades ago by looters, who reportedly took a number of perishable Native American artifacts including moccasins and a cradle board, as well as numerous other unidentified objects. Preliminary assessment by Shoshone National Forest Service personnel in 2011 suggested that the site might still be partially intact. Indiana Universityâs Bighorn Archaeology project conducted a pilot study at Painter Cave and the surrounding area in 2014 in an effort to identify and recover any additional cultural deposits. Artifact recovery addressed local landscape use, cultural chronology of the area, subsistence strategies, and environmental conditions. The looter activity unfortunately proved to be extensive. Although team members identified numerous archaeological signatures at different sites in the study area, primary deposits in the shelter itself were disturbed in such a way that investigation into the use of Painter Cave by past peoples was challenging.
AIDS Memorialisation: A Biomedical Performance

This essay draws connections between the new HIV prevention regime PrEP and AIDS memorial media and architecture in the USA, in particular the New York City AIDS Memorial, to propose that the biomedical dissemination of PrEP mirrors the ways in which memorial architecture orchestrates a visitor’s perception of the virus and its history, particularly as both invoke performances of immunity through allegories of war and defence.
Computer Simulations, Image Analyses, and Reconstructions

The evaluation of microstructural correlation functions via computer simulations is a two-step process. First, one must generate realizations of the random medium using a particular simulation method. Second, one must sample each realization for the correlation functions of interest and then average over all realizations to get the ensemble-averaged correlation functions. Similar sampling techniques can be used to extract correlation functions from images of real heterogeneous materials.
Photophysical, Photochemical, and Chemical Reactions of Fullerenes and Dihydrofullerene Derivatives

The fullerenes C60 and C70 give high yields of their triplet states on irradiation with visible or near-UV light. The triplets transfer energy to oxygen, producing singlet molecular oxygen with near unit efficiency. Electron transfer to triplet C60 occurs readily from electron donors to produce the radical anion. C60 is readily oxidized by excited high-potential photosensitizers to the radical cation, and also reacts with dimethyl dioxirane to give a mixture of the epoxide and a novel dioxolane adduct, a dihydrofullerene ketal. Some novel dihydrofullerenes can be prepared. In two cases at least, they also give high yields of the triplet state and, subsequently, singlet oxygen on irradiation with visible or near UV light. Photoreaction of C60 triplet with electron-rich compounds appears to be an efficient route to monofunctionalized derivatives. A very reactive enamine can be prepared by photochemical [2+2] addition of an ynamine; self-sensitized photooxidation (which makes the enamine difficult to isolate) cleaves it to a ketoamide, in over 50% yield from C60.
Perceiving Intrinsic Motivation in Oneself and Others

A substantial amount of recent literature on attribution has been concerned with the relationship between perception of oneself and of others. There is increasing evidence that there are similarities between phenomena which occur for actors and the inferences of those phenomena made by observers.
Early Sepsis Recognition Based on Ear Localization using Infrared Thermography

Systematic screening is crucial for early diagnosis of sepsis. Detecting abnormal body temperature patterns can accurately predict sepsis before any other symptoms of infection. Therefore, we suggested using thermography as a non-invasive tool capable of continuously measuring body temperature patterns and detect abnormalities. One such pattern is the temperature difference (ETD) between body extremities such as outer ear or tip of the nose, and the core temperature such as the inside of the ear or the eye. Specifically, in sepsis, the ETD decreases from about $ 5-6F$ to about $1F$. Thus, we propose a fully automated methodology for calculating the core $vs$. extremity temperature difference based on ear localization using thermal images and the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. On a pilot dataset that consisted of 3674 face images from three human subjects, we achieved a 96.2% accuracy for ear localization. Consequently, we were able to accurately detect temperature differences between 1 and 6 F. The proposed methodology may be used in intensive care units (ICU) for early sepsis recognition.
Improving habitat and connectivity model predictions with multi-scale resource selection functions from two geographic areas

Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most pressing threats to biodiversity, yet assessing their impacts across broad landscapes is challenging. Information on habitat suitability is sometimes available in the form of a resource selection function model developed from a different geographical area, but its applicability is unknown until tested. We used the Mexican spotted owl as a case study to demonstrate how models developed from different geographic areas affect our predictions for habitat suitability, landscape resistance, and connectivity. We identified the most suitable habitats and core areas for dispersal and movement for the species. We applied two multi-scale habitat selection models—a local model and a non-local model—to a broad study area in northern Arizona. We converted the models into landscape resistance surfaces and used simulations to model connectivity corridors for the species, and created composite habitat and connectivity models by averaging the local and non-local models. While the local and the non-local models both performed well, the local model performed best in the part of the study area where it was built, but performed worse in areas that are beyond the extent of the data used to train it. The composite habitat model improved performances over both models in most cases. With rigorous testing, multi-scale habitat selection models built on empirical data from other geographical areas can be useful. Averaging predictions of multiple models can improve performance, but the effectiveness is subject to the performance of the reference models.